Leigh Carmody Peter Robinson An ontology to represent medically relevant actions, procedures, therapies, interventions, and recommendations. Medical Action Ontology 2024-05-24 The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. definition definition Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. has ontology root term Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by term replaced by abbreviation An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has broad synonym has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has exact synonym has_exact_synonym An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has narrow synonym has_narrow_synonym An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. has related synonym has_related_synonym has_synonym_type a core relation that holds between a part and its whole BFO:0000050 part of part_of a core relation that holds between a whole and its part BFO:0000051 has part has_part x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. preceded by x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process has_not_completed lacks_part lacks_plasma_membrane_part intended to realize A defining ingredient defines what a food is principally categorized as, rather than an ingredient listed by percentage of weight or volume. A food may have more than one defining ingredient. has defining ingredient A relation attaching between a food material and another food material that has been added to it at some point in its history. has ingredient Refraining from performing, acting, or behaving some behavior. 2020-01-28T19:01:13Z avoided behavior Uses of chemicals which affect the course of conditions, diseases, syndromes or pathology to benefit the health of an individual. 2021-02-24T19:27:35Z MeSH:D045506 drug uses pharmocological uses therapeutic uses Action of refraining from recommending, performing, or participating in some medical actions. 2019-06-12T14:23:27Z avoided medical action Refraining from consumption of some types of food. 2019-07-12T14:23:27Z avoided food The inverse property of is_specified_input_of has_specified_input The inverse property of is_specified_output_of has_specified_output a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of Inverse of characteristic_of has characteristic a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates in a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has participant a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has quality a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has role a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives from a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives into a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location location of a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location located in a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity 2D boundary of a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity has 2D boundary innervated_by X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time. t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes Relation between a neuron and a material anatomical entity that its soma is part of. has soma location Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. synapsed by Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part. has plasma membrane part Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to. N1 synapsed_to some N2 Expands to: N1 SubclassOf ( has_part some ( ‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some ( ‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some ( ‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2)))) synapsed to x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y overlaps Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. innervates X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. continuous with d derived_by_descent_from a if d is specified by some genetic program that is sequence-inherited-from a genetic program that specifies a. derived by descent from inverse of derived by descent from has derived by descendant two individual entities d1 and d2 stand in a shares_ancestor_with relation if and only if there exists some a such that d1 derived_by_descent_from a and d2 derived_by_descent_from a. VBO calls this homologous_to shares ancestor with x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. only in taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common spatially disjoint from a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. connects a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. supplies Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. has developmental precursor TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. regulates p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. capable of part of x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x surrounded by x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. adjacent to inverse of surrounded by surrounds A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with starts x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing develops in inverse of ends with ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. has output b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t. connecting branch of inverse of connecting branch of has connecting branch x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T developmentally induced by Inverse of developmentally induced by developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else developmentally replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by part of developmental precursor of p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. characteristic of part of A relationship that holds via some environmental process evolutionarily related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) developmentally related to A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. part of structure that is capable of inverse of regulates regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by A relationship that holds via some process of localization related via localization to This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l. has target end location results in transport to from or in is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. has member inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a attached to m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. has muscle origin We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. has muscle insertion x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat has fused element A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B: rather than A has_part some B', where B' that has some evolutionary relationship to B. derived from ancestral fusion of A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. in branching relationship with x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. tributary of x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location spatially coextensive with x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y branching part of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of causally downstream of relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. contributes to morphology of x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in receives input from sends output to relation between physical entity and a process or stage x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). existence starts during x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). existence starts with x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) exists during The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts and ends during x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends with x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t immediate transformation of x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. causal relation between processes depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 towards A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. has skeleton A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. biomechanically related to m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. has muscle antagonist inverse of branching part of has branching part x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. conduit for x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. lumen of s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity luminal space of A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute. has modifier inverse of has skeleton skeleton of s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. produced by causally upstream of or within, negative effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect "has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time. has substance added q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'decreased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. decreased in magnitude relative to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 has relative magnitude s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has cross section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. There are frequently two ways to state the same thing: we can say 'spermatocyte lacks asters' or 'asters absent from spermatocyte'. In this case the quality is 'lacking all parts of type' - it is a (relational) quality of the spermatocyte, and it is with respect to instances of 'aster'. One of the popular requirements of PATO is that it continue to support 'absent', so we need to relate statements which use this quality to the 'lacking all parts of type' quality. reciprocal of q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a high number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface. has high plasma membrane amount A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a high number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface. PMID:19243617 A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a low number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface. has low plasma membrane amount A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a low number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface. PMID:19243617 X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. utilizes device utilizes material x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. anteriorly connected to x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern carries channel for channels_from channels_into x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. distally connected to x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y extends_fibers_into X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity. Relationship between a fluid and a filtration barrier, where the portion of fluid arises as a transformation of another portion of fluid on the other side of the barrier, with larger particles removed filtered through a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s. indirectly_supplies layer part of x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. posteriorly connected to x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern protects x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. proximally connected to x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern sexually_homologous_to c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part. capable_of_has_part site_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of transitively anteriorly connected to transitively distally connected to transitively proximally connected to trunk_part_of entity continuant occurrent independent continuant spatial region process realizable entity quality specifically dependent continuant role object aggregate generically dependent continuant material entity immaterial entity Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. KEGG:C05359 Wikipedia:Electron electron Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron electron electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC The conjugate base of gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. 4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate 4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication. MetaCyc:Vitamin-A Wikipedia:Vitamin_A vitamin A vitamer vitamin A vitamers vitamin-A vitamins A vitamin A vitamin A vitamer ChEBI vitamin A vitamers ChEBI vitamin-A ChEBI vitamins A ChEBI A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of the ring nitrogen of pyridoxal. 4-formyl-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-1-ium pyridoxal cation pyridoxal(1+) 4-formyl-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-1-ium IUPAC pyridoxal cation ChEBI Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium. Mycoplasma genitalium metabolites Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite Mycoplasma genitalium metabolites ChEBI A steroid compound with a structure based on a 27-carbon (cholestane) skeleton. C27-steroids C27-steroid C27-steroids ChEBI A steroid compound with a structure based on a 24-carbon (cholane) skeleton. C24-steroids C24-steroid C24-steroids ChEBI Any steroid (or derivative) based on a cholane skeleton. cholane derivatives cholane derivative cholane derivatives ChEBI A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7). Wikipedia:DNA_polymerase DNA duplicase inhibitor DNA duplicase inhibitors DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors DNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor DNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors DNA polymerase I inhibitor DNA polymerase I inhibitors DNA polymerase II inhibitor DNA polymerase II inhibitors DNA polymerase III inhibitor DNA polymerase III inhibitors DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor DNA polymerase alpha inhibitors DNA polymerase beta inhibitor DNA polymerase beta inhibitors DNA polymerase gamma inhibitor DNA polymerase gamma inhibitors DNA polymerase inhibitor DNA polymerase inhibitors DNA replicase inhibitor DNA replicase inhibitors DNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitor DNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitors DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitor DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitors EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitors EC 2.7.7.7 inhibitor EC 2.7.7.7 inhibitors Klenow fragment inhibitor Klenow fragment inhibitors Taq DNA polymerase inhibitor Taq DNA polymerase inhibitors Taq Pol I inhibitor Taq Pol I inhibitors Tca DNA polymerase inhibitor Tca DNA polymerase inhibitors deoxynucleate polymerase inhibitor deoxynucleate polymerase inhibitors deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitor deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitors deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors deoxyribonucleic duplicase inhibitor deoxyribonucleic duplicase inhibitors deoxyribonucleic polymerase I inhibitor deoxyribonucleic polymerase I inhibitors deoxyribonucleic polymerase inhibitor deoxyribonucleic polymerase inhibitors duplicase inhibitor duplicase inhibitors sequenase inhibitor sequenase inhibitors EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor DNA duplicase inhibitor ChEBI DNA duplicase inhibitors ChEBI DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor ChEBI DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors ChEBI DNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI DNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI DNA polymerase I inhibitor ChEBI DNA polymerase I inhibitors ChEBI DNA polymerase II inhibitor ChEBI DNA polymerase II inhibitors ChEBI DNA polymerase III inhibitor ChEBI DNA polymerase III inhibitors ChEBI DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor ChEBI DNA polymerase alpha inhibitors ChEBI DNA polymerase beta inhibitor ChEBI DNA polymerase beta inhibitors ChEBI DNA polymerase gamma inhibitor ChEBI DNA polymerase gamma inhibitors ChEBI DNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI DNA polymerase inhibitors ChEBI DNA replicase inhibitor ChEBI DNA replicase inhibitors ChEBI DNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI DNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitors ChEBI DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitor ChEBI DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.7.7 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.7.7 inhibitors ChEBI Klenow fragment inhibitor ChEBI Klenow fragment inhibitors ChEBI Taq DNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI Taq DNA polymerase inhibitors ChEBI Taq Pol I inhibitor ChEBI Taq Pol I inhibitors ChEBI Tca DNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI Tca DNA polymerase inhibitors ChEBI deoxynucleate polymerase inhibitor ChEBI deoxynucleate polymerase inhibitors ChEBI deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor ChEBI deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors ChEBI deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitor ChEBI deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitors ChEBI deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor ChEBI deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors ChEBI deoxyribonucleic duplicase inhibitor ChEBI deoxyribonucleic duplicase inhibitors ChEBI deoxyribonucleic polymerase I inhibitor ChEBI deoxyribonucleic polymerase I inhibitors ChEBI deoxyribonucleic polymerase inhibitor ChEBI deoxyribonucleic polymerase inhibitors ChEBI duplicase inhibitor ChEBI duplicase inhibitors ChEBI sequenase inhibitor ChEBI sequenase inhibitors ChEBI A dopamine agonist that binds to and activates the dopamine receptor D1. Wikipedia:Dopamine_receptor_D1 D1 agonist D1 agonists dopamine D1 receptor agonist dopamine D1 receptor agonists dopamine receptor D1 agonists dopamine receptor D1 agonist D1 agonist ChEBI D1 agonists ChEBI dopamine D1 receptor agonist ChEBI dopamine D1 receptor agonists ChEBI dopamine receptor D1 agonists ChEBI Any steroid acid anion based on a cholanic acid skeleton. cholanic acid anions cholanoic acid anion cholanoic acid anions cholanic acid anion cholanic acid anions ChEBI cholanoic acid anion SUBMITTER cholanoic acid anions ChEBI A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. dicarboxylic acids and derivatives dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives dicarboxylic acids and derivatives ChEBI Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives. a quinone p-benzoquinones para-benzoquinones 1,4-benzoquinones a quinone UniProt p-benzoquinones ChEBI para-benzoquinones ChEBI Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group. hydroxyquinones hydroxyquinone hydroxyquinones ChEBI A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring. 1,4-naphthoquinones A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. hyaluronan hyaluronate polyanion hyaluronate hyaluronan UniProt hyaluronate polyanion ChEBI Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds. FA 22:6 FA(22:6) free fatty acid 22:6 fatty acid 22:6 FA 22:6 ChEBI FA(22:6) ChEBI free fatty acid 22:6 ChEBI A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid. ethanedioic acid anion ethanedioic acid anions oxalate anion oxalate anions oxalates oxalic acid anion oxalic acid anions oxalate ethanedioic acid anion ChEBI ethanedioic acid anions ChEBI oxalate anion ChEBI oxalate anions ChEBI oxalates ChEBI oxalic acid anion ChEBI oxalic acid anions ChEBI A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite. KEGG:D02052 Wikipedia:Barium_sulfate barium sulfate BaSO4 Baritop Barosperse Barotrast E-Z-Paque Enamel White EneCat EneMark EntroBar Esophotrast Liquipake Macropaque Micropaque Microtrast Pigment White 22 Radiobaryt Radiopaque Readi-CAT barite blanc fixe sulfuric acid, barium salt (1:1) barium sulfate barium sulfate IUPAC BaSO4 ChEBI Baritop ChemIDplus Barosperse ChemIDplus Barotrast ChemIDplus E-Z-Paque ChemIDplus Enamel White ChemIDplus EneCat ChemIDplus EneMark ChemIDplus EntroBar ChemIDplus Esophotrast ChemIDplus Liquipake ChemIDplus Macropaque ChemIDplus Micropaque ChemIDplus Microtrast ChemIDplus Pigment White 22 ChemIDplus Radiobaryt ChemIDplus Radiopaque ChemIDplus Readi-CAT ChemIDplus barite ChemIDplus blanc fixe ChemIDplus sulfuric acid, barium salt (1:1) ChemIDplus Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. Wikipedia:Volatile_organic_compound VOC VOCs volatile organic compounds volatile organic compound VOC ChEBI VOCs ChEBI volatile organic compounds ChEBI An N-oxide where there are three organic groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. Patent:EP0545208 Patent:EP0757983 Patent:EP0866058 Patent:EP1068179 Patent:US4206204 Patent:WO9950236 tertiary amine oxides tertiary amine oxide tertiary amine oxides ChEBI glycerol phosphorylcholine glycerophosphocholine glycerophosphoric acid choline ester glycerophosphorylcholine glycerylphosphocholine glycerylphosphorylcholine glycerol phosphorylcholine DrugCentral glycerophosphocholine DrugCentral glycerophosphoric acid choline ester DrugCentral glycerophosphorylcholine DrugCentral glycerylphosphocholine DrugCentral A compound that, on administration, undergoes conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the active agent for which it is a pro-agent. pro-agents proagent proagents pro-agent pro-agents ChEBI proagent ChEBI proagents ChEBI Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5. 5beta steroids 5beta-steroid 5beta-steroids 5beta steroid 5beta steroids ChEBI 5beta-steroid ChEBI 5beta-steroids ChEBI A cardiovascular drug that tends to raise reduced blood pressure. Wikipedia:Antihypotensive_agent antihypotensive agents pressor pressors vasopressor agent vasopressor agents antihypotensive agent antihypotensive agents ChEBI pressor ChEBI pressors ChEBI vasopressor agent ChEBI vasopressor agents ChEBI An organic cation obtained by protonation of the amino group of any tertiary amino compound. a tertiary amine tertiary amine(1+) tertiary ammonium ions tertiary ammonium ion a tertiary amine UniProt tertiary amine(1+) ChEBI tertiary ammonium ions ChEBI A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of any tertiary amine a methylated tertiary amine methylated tertiary amine a methylated tertiary amine UniProt Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system Wikipedia:Endocrine_disruptor endocrine disrupting chemical endocrine disrupting chemicals endocrine disrupting compound endocrine disrupting compounds endocrine disruptors endocrine-disrupting chemical endocrine-disrupting chemicals hormonally active agent hormonally active agents endocrine disruptor endocrine disrupting chemical ChEBI endocrine disrupting chemicals ChEBI endocrine disrupting compound ChEBI endocrine disrupting compounds ChEBI endocrine disruptors ChEBI endocrine-disrupting chemical ChEBI endocrine-disrupting chemicals ChEBI hormonally active agent ChEBI hormonally active agents ChEBI A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. Wikipedia:Mineral_acid inorganic acids mineral acid mineral acids inorganic acid inorganic acids ChEBI mineral acid ChEBI mineral acids ChEBI Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration. bile acids Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI Any carotenoid derivative with an beta-end group a carotenoid beta-end derivative carotenoid beta-end derivative a carotenoid beta-end derivative UniProt carbamate Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) carbamate carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety. alpha-hydroxy ketones alpha-hydroxy-ketone alpha-hydroxy-ketones alpha-hydroxyketone alpha-hydroxyketones alpha-hydroxy ketone alpha-hydroxy ketones ChEBI alpha-hydroxy-ketone ChEBI alpha-hydroxy-ketones ChEBI alpha-hydroxyketone ChEBI alpha-hydroxyketones ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any retinoid carboxy group. retinoate retinoates retinoid anions retinoid carboxylate anion retinoid carboxylate anions retinoid carboxylic acid anion retinoid carboxylic acid anions retinoid anion retinoate ChEBI retinoates ChEBI retinoid anions ChEBI retinoid carboxylate anion ChEBI retinoid carboxylate anions ChEBI retinoid carboxylic acid anion ChEBI retinoid carboxylic acid anions ChEBI An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups. tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketones tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketone tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketones tertiary alpha-hydroxyketone tertiary alpha-hydroxyketones tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketones ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketone ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketones ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxyketone ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxyketones ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid containing 4 carbons. fatty acid 4:0 an R-cob(III)alamin R-cob(III)alamin an R-cob(III)alamin UniProt An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22. 24G7 epitope An organic anion arising from deprotonation of the hydroxy group of an enol. enolate anion enolate anions enolates enolate enolate anion ChEBI enolate anions ChEBI enolates ChEBI GABAB receptor agonist An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group glutamate(1-) hydrogen glutamate 2-ammoniopentanedioate glutamate glutamic acid monoanion glutamate(1-) glutamate(1-) JCBN hydrogen glutamate IUPAC 2-ammoniopentanedioate IUPAC glutamate UniProt glutamic acid monoanion JCBN a tetracycline a tetracycline zwitterion a tetracycline UniProt GABAA receptor antagonist A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies. Wikipedia:Insulin insulin A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis (a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque). Compare with antiatherogenic agent. antiatherosclerotic agent anti-atherosclerotic agent anti-atherosclerotic agents anti-atherosclerotic drug anti-atherosclerotic drugs antiatherosclerotic agents antiatherosclerotic drug antiatherosclerotic drugs antiatherosclerotic agent antiatherosclerotic agent ChEBI anti-atherosclerotic agent ChEBI anti-atherosclerotic agents ChEBI anti-atherosclerotic drug ChEBI anti-atherosclerotic drugs ChEBI antiatherosclerotic agents ChEBI antiatherosclerotic drug ChEBI antiatherosclerotic drugs ChEBI Any EC 3.4.17.* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23). Wikipedia:Angiotensin-converting_enzyme_2 EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor ACE-2 inhibitor ACE-2 inhibitors ACE2 inhibitor ACE2 inhibitors EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitors EC 3.4.17.23 inhibitor EC 3.4.17.23 inhibitors angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitors angiotensin converting enzyme-2 inhibitor angiotensin converting enzyme-2 inhibitors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors hACE2 inhibitor hACE2 inhibitors EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor ChEBI ACE-2 inhibitor ChEBI ACE-2 inhibitors ChEBI ACE2 inhibitor ChEBI ACE2 inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.17.23 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.17.23 inhibitors ChEBI angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitor ChEBI angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitors ChEBI angiotensin converting enzyme-2 inhibitor ChEBI angiotensin converting enzyme-2 inhibitors ChEBI angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor ChEBI angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors ChEBI hACE2 inhibitor ChEBI hACE2 inhibitors ChEBI Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that inhibits the action of a metallocarboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.*). EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitors EC 3.4.17.* inhibitor EC 3.4.17.* inhibitors metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitors EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.17.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.17.* inhibitors ChEBI metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor ChEBI metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitors ChEBI Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting. emetics emetic emetics ChEBI A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. DrugBank:DB00122 ECMDB:ECMDB00097 HMDB:HMDB0000097 KEGG:C00114 KEGG:D07690 KNApSAcK:C00007298 MetaCyc:CHOLINE PDBeChem:CHT Wikipedia:Choline YMDB:YMDB00227 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Choline choline Bilineurine CHOLINE ION N,N,N-trimethylethanol-ammonium N-trimethylethanolamine trimethylethanolamine choline 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC Choline KEGG_COMPOUND choline UniProt Bilineurine KEGG_COMPOUND CHOLINE ION PDBeChem N,N,N-trimethylethanol-ammonium ChEBI N-trimethylethanolamine ChEBI trimethylethanolamine ChEBI A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. KEGG:C00736 KNApSAcK:C00001351 KNApSAcK:C00007323 Wikipedia:Cysteine Cysteine cysteine 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid C Cys Cystein Hcys Zystein cisteina cysteine Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND cysteine ChEBI cysteine IUPAC 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid JCBN 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid IUPAC C ChEBI Cys ChEBI Cystein ChEBI Hcys IUPAC Zystein ChEBI cisteina ChEBI A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. KEGG:C00022 2-oxopropanoate pyruvate 2-oxopropanoate 2-oxopropanoic acid, ion(1-) pyruvate 2-oxopropanoate IUPAC pyruvate UniProt 2-oxopropanoate ChEBI 2-oxopropanoic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. HMDB:HMDB0000042 KEGG:C00033 KEGG:D00010 KNApSAcK:C00001176 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PDBeChem:ACY PPDB:1333 Wikipedia:Acetic_acid ACETIC ACID Acetic acid acetic acid AcOH CH3-COOH CH3CO2H E 260 E-260 E260 Essigsaeure Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid HOAc INS No. 260 MeCO2H MeCOOH Methanecarboxylic acid acide acetique ethoic acid acetic acid ACETIC ACID PDBeChem Acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND acetic acid IUPAC AcOH ChEBI CH3-COOH IUPAC CH3CO2H ChEBI E 260 ChEBI E-260 ChEBI E260 ChEBI Essigsaeure ChEBI Ethanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Ethylic acid ChemIDplus HOAc ChEBI INS No. 260 ChEBI MeCO2H ChEBI MeCOOH ChEBI Methanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus acide acetique ChemIDplus ethoic acid ChEBI A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. COMe:MOL000172 DrugBank:DB00118 HMDB:HMDB0001185 KEGG:C00019 KNApSAcK:C00007347 MetaCyc:S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE Wikipedia:S-Adenosyl_methionine S-Adenosyl-L-methionine S-adenosyl-L-methionine [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonium (3S)-5'-[(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio]-5'-deoxyadenosine, inner salt Acylcarnitine AdoMet S-(5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)-L-methionine S-Adenosylmethionine S-adenosylmethionine SAM SAMe [1-(adenin-9-yl)-1,5-dideoxy-beta-D-ribofuranos-5-yl][(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl](methyl)sulfonium S-adenosyl-L-methionine S-Adenosyl-L-methionine KEGG_COMPOUND S-adenosyl-L-methionine ChEBI [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonium IUPAC (3S)-5'-[(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio]-5'-deoxyadenosine, inner salt ChemIDplus Acylcarnitine KEGG_COMPOUND AdoMet JCBN S-(5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)-L-methionine JCBN S-Adenosylmethionine KEGG_COMPOUND S-adenosylmethionine ChEBI SAM JCBN SAMe ChemIDplus [1-(adenin-9-yl)-1,5-dideoxy-beta-D-ribofuranos-5-yl][(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl](methyl)sulfonium IUPAC The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. DrugBank:DB00145 ECMDB:ECMDB00123 HMDB:HMDB0000123 KEGG:C00037 KEGG:D00011 KNApSAcK:C00001361 MetaCyc:GLY PDBeChem:GLY Wikipedia:Glycine YMDB:YMDB00016 GLYCINE Glycine aminoacetic acid glycine Aminoacetic acid Aminoessigsaeure G Gly Glycin Glycocoll Glykokoll Glyzin H2N-CH2-COOH Hgly Leimzucker aminoethanoic acid glycine GLYCINE PDBeChem Glycine KEGG_COMPOUND aminoacetic acid IUPAC glycine IUPAC Aminoacetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Aminoessigsaeure ChEBI G ChEBI Gly KEGG_COMPOUND Glycin ChemIDplus Glycocoll ChemIDplus Glykokoll ChEBI Glyzin ChEBI H2N-CH2-COOH IUPAC Hgly IUPAC Leimzucker ChemIDplus aminoethanoic acid ChEBI aminoethanoic acid JCBN A triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. HMDB:HMDB0000256 KEGG:C00751 KNApSAcK:C00003755 MetaCyc:SQUALENE PDBeChem:SQL Wikipedia:Squalene (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene Squalene squalene (all-E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene Spinacene Supraene squalene (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene IUPAC Squalene KEGG_COMPOUND squalene UniProt (all-E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Spinacene KEGG_COMPOUND Supraene KEGG_COMPOUND S-adenosyl-D-methionine Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. KEGG:C01370 Wikipedia:Aldose Aldose aldoses an aldose aldose Aldose KEGG_COMPOUND aldoses ChEBI an aldose UniProt Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon. KEGG:C00151 L-alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acids L-2-Amino acid L-Amino acid L-alpha-amino acids L-alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acid IUPAC L-alpha-amino acids IUPAC L-2-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-alpha-amino acids ChEBI A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine. HMDB:HMDB0000925 KEGG:C01104 MetaCyc:TRIMENTHLAMINE-N-O PDBeChem:TMO Wikipedia:Trimethylamine_oxide N,N-dimethylmethanamine oxide Trimethylamine N-oxide trimethylamine N-oxide (CH3)3NO Me3N(+)O(-) Me3N(O) N(CH3)3O TMAO Trimethylaminoxid trimethylamine oxide trimethyloxamine trimethylamine N-oxide N,N-dimethylmethanamine oxide IUPAC Trimethylamine N-oxide KEGG_COMPOUND trimethylamine N-oxide UniProt (CH3)3NO IUPAC Me3N(+)O(-) ChEBI Me3N(O) ChEBI N(CH3)3O ChEBI TMAO NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Trimethylaminoxid ChEBI trimethylamine oxide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook trimethyloxamine ChemIDplus A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. KEGG:C00226 Primary alcohol 1-Alcohol a primary alcohol primary alcohols primary alcohol Primary alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND 1-Alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a primary alcohol UniProt primary alcohols ChEBI A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. HMDB:HMDB0000142 KEGG:C00058 MetaCyc:FORMATE Wikipedia:Formate formate HCO2 anion aminate formiate formic acid, ion(1-) formylate hydrogen carboxylate methanoate formate formate IUPAC formate UniProt HCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook aminate ChEBI formiate ChEBI formic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus formylate ChEBI hydrogen carboxylate ChEBI methanoate ChEBI A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. DrugBank:DB03796 HMDB:HMDB0000220 KEGG:C00249 KEGG:D05341 KNApSAcK:C00001233 KNApSAcK:C00030479 MetaCyc:PALMITATE PDBeChem:PLM PPDB:1336 Wikipedia:Palmitic_acid hexadecanoic acid 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid 1-hexyldecanoic acid 16:00 C16 C16 fatty acid C16:0 CH3-[CH2]14-COOH FA 16:0 Hexadecanoate Hexadecylic acid Hexaectylic acid PALMITIC ACID Palmitate Palmitic acid Palmitinic acid Palmitinsaeure Pentadecanecarboxylic acid cetylic acid hexadecoic acid n-hexadecanoic acid n-hexadecoic acid palmitic acid hexadecanoic acid hexadecanoic acid IUPAC 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus 1-hexyldecanoic acid HMDB 16:00 ChEBI C16 ChEBI C16 fatty acid HMDB C16:0 LIPID_MAPS CH3-[CH2]14-COOH IUPAC FA 16:0 ChEBI Hexadecanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Hexadecylic acid HMDB Hexadecylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Hexaectylic acid HMDB PALMITIC ACID PDBeChem Palmitate KEGG_COMPOUND Palmitic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Palmitinic acid HMDB Palmitinsaeure ChEBI Pentadecanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus cetylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND hexadecoic acid ChEBI n-hexadecanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-hexadecoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook palmitic acid ChEBI Any N-acyl-amino acid in which the amino acid moiety has D configuration. N-acyl-D-amino acid A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. KEGG:C00403 Polypeptide polypeptides Polypeptid polipeptido polypeptide Polypeptide KEGG_COMPOUND polypeptides IUPAC Polypeptid ChEBI polipeptido ChEBI HMDB:HMDB0003458 KEGG:C00992 MetaCyc:AQUACOBIIIALAMIN Aquacob(III)alamin Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-aquacobamide aquacob(III)alamin Aquacobalamin H2OCbl aquacobalamin vitamin B-12a aquacob(III)alamin Aquacob(III)alamin KEGG_COMPOUND Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-aquacobamide IUPAC aquacob(III)alamin UniProt Aquacobalamin KEGG_COMPOUND H2OCbl ChEBI aquacobalamin CBN vitamin B-12a CBN Any 3-hydroxy steroid whose skeleton is closely related to cholestan-3-ol (additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain). KEGG:C00370 MetaCyc:Sterols Wikipedia:Sterol Sterol sterols 3-hydroxysteroids a sterol sterol Sterol KEGG_COMPOUND sterols IUPAC 3-hydroxysteroids ChEBI a sterol UniProt A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22. KEGG:C00638 Long-chain fatty acid Higher fatty acid LCFA LCFAs long-chain fatty acids long-chain fatty acid Long-chain fatty acid KEGG_COMPOUND Higher fatty acid KEGG_COMPOUND LCFA ChEBI LCFAs ChEBI long-chain fatty acids ChEBI A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. Chemspider:913 DrugBank:DB00627 FooDB:FDB001014 HMDB:HMDB0001488 KEGG:C00253 KEGG:D00049 KNApSAcK:C00000208 LINCS:LSM-4676 MetaCyc:NIACINE PDBeChem:NIO Wikipedia:Niacin NICOTINIC ACID Nicotinic acid nicotinic acid pyridine-3-carboxylic acid 3-Pyridylcarboxylic acid 3-carboxylpyridine 3-carboxypyridine 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid Niacin Niacor Niaspan Nicotinsaure Nikotinsaeure P.P. factor PP factor acide nicotinique acido nicotinico acidum nicotinicum anti-pellagra vitamin beta-pyridinecarboxylic acid m-pyridinecarboxylic acid nicotinic acid pellagra preventive factor pyridine-beta-carboxylic acid pyridine-carboxylique-3 vitamin B3 nicotinic acid NICOTINIC ACID PDBeChem Nicotinic acid KEGG_COMPOUND nicotinic acid IUPAC pyridine-3-carboxylic acid IUPAC 3-Pyridylcarboxylic acid HMDB 3-carboxylpyridine ChemIDplus 3-carboxypyridine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Niacin KEGG_COMPOUND Niacor KEGG_DRUG Niaspan KEGG_DRUG Nicotinsaure ChemIDplus Nikotinsaeure ChEBI P.P. factor NIST_Chemistry_WebBook PP factor NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acide nicotinique WHO_MedNet acido nicotinico WHO_MedNet acidum nicotinicum WHO_MedNet anti-pellagra vitamin NIST_Chemistry_WebBook beta-pyridinecarboxylic acid ChEBI m-pyridinecarboxylic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook nicotinic acid WHO_MedNet pellagra preventive factor NIST_Chemistry_WebBook pyridine-beta-carboxylic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook pyridine-carboxylique-3 ChemIDplus vitamin B3 ChEBI An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. COMe:MOL000144 Chemspider:149962 DrugBank:DB00121 FooDB:FDB014510 HMDB:HMDB0000030 KEGG:C00120 KEGG:D00029 KNApSAcK:C00000756 LINCS:LSM-3994 MetaCyc:BIOTIN PDBeChem:BTN Wikipedia:Biotin 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid BIOTIN (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valeric acid (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valeric acid 5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid Coenzyme R D-(+)-biotin D-Biotin Vitamin H biotin biotina biotine biotinum cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid vitamin B7 biotin 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid IUPAC BIOTIN PDBeChem (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valeric acid HMDB (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valeric acid HMDB 5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid HMDB Coenzyme R KEGG_COMPOUND D-(+)-biotin NIST_Chemistry_WebBook D-Biotin KEGG_COMPOUND Vitamin H KEGG_COMPOUND biotin WHO_MedNet biotina WHO_MedNet biotine WHO_MedNet biotinum WHO_MedNet cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid HMDB cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid HMDB cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid HMDB vitamin B7 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An optically active form of glutamic acid having D-configuration. DrugBank:DB02517 HMDB:HMDB0003339 KEGG:C00217 KNApSAcK:C00019577 MetaCyc:D-GLT PDBeChem:DGL (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid D-Glutamic acid D-glutamic acid (R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid D-2-Aminoglutaric acid D-Glutaminic acid D-Glutaminsaeure DGL glutamic acid D-form D-glutamic acid (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid IUPAC D-Glutamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-glutamic acid IUPAC (R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid ChEBI D-2-Aminoglutaric acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-Glutaminic acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-Glutaminsaeure ChEBI DGL PDBeChem glutamic acid D-form ChemIDplus An optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration. BPDB:2297 DrugBank:DB00142 HMDB:HMDB0000148 KEGG:C00025 KEGG:D00007 KNApSAcK:C00001358 LINCS:LSM-36375 MetaCyc:GLT PDBeChem:GLU_LFOH Wikipedia:L-Glutamic_Acid (2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid L-Glutamic acid L-glutamic acid (S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid (S)-glutamic acid E GLUTAMIC ACID Glu Glutamate L-Glu L-Glutaminic acid L-Glutaminsaeure acide glutamique acido glutamico acidum glutamicum glutamic acid L-glutamic acid (2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid IUPAC L-Glutamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-glutamic acid IUPAC (S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid ChEBI (S)-glutamic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook E ChEBI GLUTAMIC ACID PDBeChem Glu ChEBI Glutamate KEGG_COMPOUND L-Glu ChEBI L-Glutaminic acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-Glutaminsaeure ChEBI acide glutamique ChEBI acido glutamico ChEBI acidum glutamicum ChEBI glutamic acid ChEBI A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom. KEGG:C00462 halide ions HX Halide a halide anion halide anions halide(1-) halides halogen anion halide anion halide ions IUPAC HX KEGG_COMPOUND Halide KEGG_COMPOUND a halide anion UniProt halide anions ChEBI halide(1-) ChEBI halides ChEBI halogen anion ChEBI A gamma-amino acid comprising 4-aminobutyric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent. KEGG:C03678 KEGG:D00174 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid 3-hydroxy-GABA 4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid GABOB gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid IUPAC gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND 3-hydroxy-GABA ChemIDplus 4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid ChemIDplus GABOB KEGG_COMPOUND A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. DrugBank:DB04540 HMDB:HMDB0000067 KEGG:C00187 KEGG:D00040 KNApSAcK:C00003648 MetaCyc:CHOLESTEROL PDBeChem:CLR Wikipedia:Cholesterol CHOLESTEROL Cholesterol cholest-5-en-3beta-ol cholesterol (3beta,14beta,17alpha)-cholest-5-en-3-ol Cholest-5-en-3beta-ol Cholesterin cholesterol CHOLESTEROL PDBeChem Cholesterol KEGG_COMPOUND cholest-5-en-3beta-ol IUPAC cholesterol UniProt (3beta,14beta,17alpha)-cholest-5-en-3-ol IUPAC Cholest-5-en-3beta-ol KEGG_COMPOUND Cholesterin NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn ammonia AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND NH3 UniProt R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus A mucopolysaccharide composed of repeating beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminyl units. KEGG:C00401 KEGG:G11334 Chondroitin Chondroitin-D-glucuronate chondroitin D-glucuronate Chondroitin KEGG_COMPOUND Chondroitin-D-glucuronate KEGG_COMPOUND A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. HMDB:HMDB0001448 KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 MetaCyc:SULFATE PDBeChem:SO4 Wikipedia:Sulfate Sulfate sulfate tetraoxidosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(VI) SO4(2-) SULFATE ION Sulfate anion(2-) Sulfate dianion Sulfate(2-) Sulfuric acid ion(2-) [SO4](2-) sulphate sulphate ion sulfate Sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND sulfate IUPAC sulfate UniProt tetraoxidosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC SO4(2-) IUPAC SULFATE ION PDBeChem Sulfate anion(2-) HMDB Sulfate dianion HMDB Sulfate(2-) HMDB Sulfuric acid ion(2-) HMDB [SO4](2-) IUPAC sulphate ChEBI sulphate ion ChEBI A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). DrugBank:DB03904 ECMDB:ECMDB04172 HMDB:HMDB0000294 KEGG:C00086 KEGG:D00023 KNApSAcK:C00007314 MetaCyc:UREA PDBeChem:URE PPDB:1728 Wikipedia:Urea YMDB:YMDB00003 UREA Urea urea 1728 Carbamide E927b H2NC(O)NH2 Harnstoff Karbamid carbamide carbonyldiamide ur uree urea UREA PDBeChem Urea KEGG_COMPOUND urea IUPAC urea UniProt 1728 PPDB Carbamide KEGG_COMPOUND E927b ChEBI H2NC(O)NH2 ChEBI Harnstoff NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Karbamid ChEBI carbamide ChEBI carbonyldiamide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook ur IUPAC uree ChEBI A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. DrugBank:DB00898 HMDB:HMDB0000108 KEGG:C00469 KEGG:D00068 KEGG:D06542 KNApSAcK:C00019560 MetaCyc:ETOH MolBase:858 MolBase:859 PDBeChem:EOH PPDB:1373 Wikipedia:Ethanol ETHANOL Ethanol ethanol 1-hydroxyethane Aethanol Aethylalkohol Alkohol C2H5OH Dehydrated ethanol EtOH Ethyl alcohol Methylcarbinol [CH2Me(OH)] [OEtH] alcohol alcohol etilico alcool ethylique etanol hydroxyethane spiritus vini ethanol ETHANOL PDBeChem Ethanol KEGG_COMPOUND ethanol ChEBI ethanol IUPAC ethanol UniProt 1-hydroxyethane ChemIDplus Aethanol ChemIDplus Aethylalkohol ChemIDplus Alkohol ChemIDplus C2H5OH ChEBI Dehydrated ethanol KEGG_DRUG EtOH ChemIDplus Ethyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Methylcarbinol KEGG_COMPOUND [CH2Me(OH)] MolBase [OEtH] MolBase alcohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook alcohol etilico ChEBI alcool ethylique ChemIDplus etanol ChEBI hydroxyethane ChemIDplus spiritus vini ChEBI A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides. KEGG:C00865 Phospholipid a phospholipid derivative phospholipids phospholipid Phospholipid KEGG_COMPOUND a phospholipid derivative UniProt phospholipids ChEBI A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. KEGG:C01607 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid Phytanic acid 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-hexadecansaeure 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecanoic acid 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadecanoic acid phytanic acid 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid IUPAC Phytanic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-hexadecansaeure ChEBI 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecanoic acid ChEBI 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadecanoic acid LIPID_MAPS A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells. HMDB:HMDB0010366 KEGG:C00518 KEGG:D08043 KEGG:G10505 Wikipedia:Hyaluronan Hyaluronic acid Hyaluronsaeure [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n acide hyaluronique acido hialuronico hyaluronan hyaluronic acid Hyaluronic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Hyaluronsaeure ChEBI [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n ChEBI [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n KEGG_COMPOUND acide hyaluronique ChEBI acido hialuronico ChEBI hyaluronan ChEBI A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. DrugBank:DB02659 HMDB:HMDB0000619 KEGG:C00695 LINCS:LSM-5541 MetaCyc:CHOLATE PDBeChem:CHD Wikipedia:Cholic_Acid 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid CHOLIC ACID Cholic acid (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxycholan-24-oic acid 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid Cholsaeure cholic acid 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC CHOLIC ACID PDBeChem Cholic acid KEGG_COMPOUND (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxycholan-24-oic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate KEGG_COMPOUND 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Cholsaeure ChEBI An optically active form of cysteine having D-configuration. DrugBank:DB03201 ECMDB:ECMDB03417 HMDB:HMDB0003417 KEGG:C00793 KNApSAcK:C00007323 PDBeChem:DCY YMDB:YMDB00913 D-CYSTEINE D-Cysteine D-cysteine (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid D-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid D-Cystein D-Zystein DCY D-cysteine D-CYSTEINE PDBeChem D-Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND D-cysteine IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid JCBN (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid IUPAC (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid ChEBI D-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-Cystein ChEBI D-Zystein ChEBI DCY PDBeChem Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants. KEGG:C00399 Ubiquinones CoQ Coenzym Q Coenzyme Q Koenzym Q Q Ubichinon Ubiquinone a ubiquinone coenzyme Q coenzymes Q mitochondrial ubiquinone mitochondrial ubiquinones mitoquinones ubiquinones Ubiquinones ChemIDplus CoQ KEGG_COMPOUND Coenzym Q ChEBI Coenzyme Q KEGG_COMPOUND Koenzym Q ChEBI Q KEGG_COMPOUND Ubichinon ChEBI Ubiquinone KEGG_COMPOUND a ubiquinone UniProt coenzyme Q ChEBI coenzymes Q ChEBI mitochondrial ubiquinone ChEBI mitochondrial ubiquinones ChEBI mitoquinones ChEBI A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. 3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate pantothenate N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-beta-alaninate pantothenate 3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate IUPAC pantothenate UniProt N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-beta-alaninate ChEBI The R-enantiomer of serine. DrugBank:DB03929 ECMDB:ECMDB03406 HMDB:HMDB0003406 KEGG:C00740 MetaCyc:D-SERINE PDBeChem:DSN YMDB:YMDB00284 D-SERINE D-Serine D-serine (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid (R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-propionic acid (R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid D-Serin DSN D-serine D-SERINE PDBeChem D-Serine KEGG_COMPOUND D-serine IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid IUPAC (R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-propionic acid ChEMBL (R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid ChEBI D-Serin ChEBI DSN PDBeChem A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. KEGG:C00017 Protein a protein polypeptide chain protein polypeptide chains protein polypeptide chain Protein KEGG_COMPOUND a protein UniProt polypeptide chain ChEBI protein polypeptide chains ChEBI The L-enantiomer of methionine. DrugBank:DB00134 ECMDB:ECMDB00696 HMDB:HMDB0000696 KEGG:C00073 KEGG:D00019 KNApSAcK:C00001379 MetaCyc:MET PDBeChem:MET_LFOH YMDB:YMDB00318 L-Methionine L-methionine (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid (S)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (S)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid (S)-methionine L-(-)-methionine L-Methionin L-alpha-amino-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid M METHIONINE Met Methionine L-methionine L-Methionine KEGG_COMPOUND L-methionine IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid IUPAC (S)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid ChemIDplus (S)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid ChemIDplus (S)-methionine ChEBI L-(-)-methionine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook L-Methionin ChEBI L-alpha-amino-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook M ChEBI METHIONINE PDBeChem Met ChEBI Methionine KEGG_COMPOUND Methionine KEGG_DRUG Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. Wikipedia:Carbohydrate carbohydrate carbohydrates Kohlenhydrat Kohlenhydrate a carbohydrate carbohidrato carbohidratos glucide glucides glucido glucidos hydrates de carbone saccharide saccharides saccharidum carbohydrate carbohydrate IUPAC carbohydrates IUPAC Kohlenhydrat ChEBI Kohlenhydrate ChEBI a carbohydrate UniProt carbohidrato IUPAC carbohidratos IUPAC glucide ChEBI glucides ChEBI glucido ChEBI glucidos ChEBI hydrates de carbone ChEBI saccharide IUPAC saccharides IUPAC saccharidum ChEBI Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. KEGG:C00012 Peptide peptides Peptid peptido peptidos peptide Peptid ChEBI peptido ChEBI peptidos ChEBI Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND peptides IUPAC A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points. copper chelator copper chelate copper chelating agent copper chelating agents copper chelators copper chelator copper chelator ChEBI copper chelate ChEBI copper chelating agent ChEBI copper chelating agents ChEBI copper chelators ChEBI A methylated tertiary amine that is trimethylammonium in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. hydroxy(trimethyl)ammonium (CH3)3NOH hydroxy(trimethyl)azanium hydroxytrimethylazanium hydroxytrimethylaminium hydroxy(trimethyl)ammonium IUPAC (CH3)3NOH ChEBI hydroxy(trimethyl)azanium IUPAC hydroxytrimethylazanium IUPAC A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. DrugBank:DB02745 ECMDB:ECMDB00296 HMDB:HMDB0000296 KEGG:C00299 KNApSAcK:C00019674 MetaCyc:URIDINE PDBeChem:URI Wikipedia:Uridine YMDB:YMDB00127 URIDINE Uridine uridine 1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyluracil Urd Uridin beta-Uridine u uridine URIDINE PDBeChem Uridine KEGG_COMPOUND uridine IUPAC uridine UniProt 1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione ChEBI 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyluracil HMDB Urd CBN Uridin ChemIDplus beta-Uridine HMDB u ChEBI A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics. KEGG:C02954 PDBeChem:X1E Patent:US2941995 Wikipedia:6-APA 6-Aminopenicillanic acid 6-amino-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid 6-APA 6-Aminopenicillamine acid 6-Aminopenicillanate 6-Apa 6-Aps 6beta-aminopenicillanic acid Aminopenicillanic acid Penicin Penin Phenacyl 6-aminopenicillinate 6-aminopenicillanic acid 6-Aminopenicillanic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 6-amino-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid IUPAC (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid ChEBI (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid IUPAC 6-APA ChEBI 6-Aminopenicillamine acid ChemIDplus 6-Aminopenicillanate KEGG_COMPOUND 6-Apa ChemIDplus 6-Aps ChemIDplus 6beta-aminopenicillanic acid ChEBI Aminopenicillanic acid ChemIDplus Penicin ChemIDplus Penin ChemIDplus Phenacyl 6-aminopenicillinate ChemIDplus A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. Chemspider:1025 DrugBank:DB00165 FooDB:FDB000574 HMDB:HMDB0000239 KEGG:C00314 KEGG:D08454 KNApSAcK:C00001551 LINCS:LSM-5324 MetaCyc:PYRIDOXINE PDBeChem:UEG Wikipedia:Pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol pyridoxine 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)pyridine 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine 2-methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine 2-methyl-4,5-dimethylol-pyridin-3-ol 3-hydroxy-2-picoline-4,5-dimethanol 3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-alpha-picoline 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol Pyridoxol piridossina pyridoxina pyridoxine pyridoxinum pyridoxolum vitamin B6 pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol IUPAC pyridoxine UniProt 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin ChemIDplus 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine ChemIDplus 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)pyridine ChemIDplus 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2-methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine ChemIDplus 2-methyl-4,5-dimethylol-pyridin-3-ol ChEBI 3-hydroxy-2-picoline-4,5-dimethanol ChemIDplus 3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine ChEBI 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-alpha-picoline NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol ChEBI 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Pyridoxol KEGG_COMPOUND piridossina HMDB pyridoxina WHO_MedNet pyridoxine WHO_MedNet pyridoxinum WHO_MedNet pyridoxolum HMDB vitamin B6 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A six-carbon aromatic annulene in which each carbon atom donates one of its two 2p electrons into a delocalised pi system. A toxic, flammable liquid byproduct of coal distillation, it is used as an industrial solvent. Benzene is a carcinogen that also damages bone marrow and the central nervous system. HMDB:HMDB0001505 KEGG:C01407 PDBeChem:BNZ Wikipedia:Benzene BENZENE Benzene benzene Benzen Benzine Benzol Bicarburet of hydrogen Coal naphtha Mineral naphtha Phene Pyrobenzol Pyrobenzole [6]annulene benzole cyclohexatriene phenyl hydride benzene BENZENE PDBeChem Benzene KEGG_COMPOUND benzene ChEBI benzene IUPAC benzene UniProt Benzen IUPAC Benzine UM-BBD Benzol ChemIDplus Bicarburet of hydrogen ChemIDplus Coal naphtha ChemIDplus Mineral naphtha ChemIDplus Phene ChemIDplus Pyrobenzol ChemIDplus Pyrobenzole ChemIDplus [6]annulene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook benzole NIST_Chemistry_WebBook cyclohexatriene UM-BBD phenyl hydride UM-BBD A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body. Wikipedia:Mineral_(nutrient) mineral nutrient mineral nutrients nutrient mineral nutrient minerals mineral nutrient mineral nutrient ChEBI mineral nutrients ChEBI nutrient mineral ChEBI nutrient minerals ChEBI KEGG:C00405 D-alpha-amino acid D-alpha-amino acids D-Amino acid D-alpha-amino acids D-alpha-amino acid D-alpha-amino acid ChEBI D-alpha-amino acids IUPAC D-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-alpha-amino acids ChEBI A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. DrugBank:DB06777 HMDB:HMDB0000518 KEGG:C02528 KEGG:D00163 LINCS:LSM-5353 PDBeChem:JN3 Wikipedia:Chenodiol 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid Chenodeoxycholic acid 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid 7alpha-hydroxylithocholic acid CDCA Chenix Chenodiol anthropodeoxycholic acid anthropodesoxycholic acid chenic acid gallodesoxycholic acid chenodeoxycholic acid 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC Chenodeoxycholic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 7alpha-hydroxylithocholic acid ChemIDplus CDCA IUPHAR Chenix ChemIDplus Chenodiol KEGG_COMPOUND anthropodeoxycholic acid ChemIDplus anthropodesoxycholic acid ChemIDplus chenic acid ChemIDplus gallodesoxycholic acid ChemIDplus Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. glycans glycan glycans ChEBI A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. KEGG:C01733 KEGG:D04983 Wikipedia:Methionine Methionine methionine 2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid 2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid DL-Methionine Hmet M Met Methionin Racemethionine alpha-amino-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid metionina methionine Methionine KEGG_COMPOUND methionine ChEBI methionine IUPAC 2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid IUPAC 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid JCBN DL-Methionine KEGG_DRUG Hmet IUPAC M ChEBI Met ChEBI Methionin ChEBI Racemethionine KEGG_DRUG alpha-amino-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook metionina ChEBI An optically active form of methionine having D-configuration. DrugBank:DB02893 ECMDB:ECMDB21203 KEGG:C00855 MetaCyc:CPD-218 PDBeChem:MED YMDB:YMDB00816 D-METHIONINE D-Methionine D-methionine (2R)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid (R)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (R)-methionine D-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid D-Methionin MED D-methionine D-METHIONINE PDBeChem D-Methionine KEGG_COMPOUND D-methionine IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid IUPAC (R)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid JCBN (R)-methionine ChemIDplus D-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-Methionin ChEBI MED PDBeChem A glycine derivative having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen. Chemspider:566 DrugBank:DB00148 HMDB:HMDB0000064 KEGG:C00300 MetaCyc:CREATINE PDBeChem:CRN Wikipedia:Creatine Creatine N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine ((amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid (N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid (alpha-methylguanido)acetic acid Creatin Kreatin Methylglycocyamine N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine N-Methyl-N-guanylglycine N-[(E)-AMINO(IMINO)METHYL]-N-METHYLGLYCINE N-amidinosarcosine N-carbamimidoyl-N-methylglycine N-methyl-N-guanylglycine alpha-Methylguanidino acetic acid creatine Creatine KEGG_COMPOUND N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine IUPAC ((amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid HMDB (N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid ChEBI (alpha-methylguanido)acetic acid HMDB (alpha-methylguanido)acetic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Creatin ChemIDplus Kreatin ChemIDplus Methylglycocyamine KEGG_COMPOUND N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N-Methyl-N-guanylglycine HMDB N-[(E)-AMINO(IMINO)METHYL]-N-METHYLGLYCINE PDBeChem N-amidinosarcosine ChemIDplus N-carbamimidoyl-N-methylglycine PDBeChem N-methyl-N-guanylglycine ChemIDplus alpha-Methylguanidino acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A naturally-occurring beta-amino acid comprising propionic acid with the amino group in the 3-position. DrugBank:DB03107 HMDB:HMDB0000056 KEGG:C00099 KEGG:D07561 KNApSAcK:C00001333 MetaCyc:B-ALANINE PDBeChem:BAL Wikipedia:Beta-Alanine 3-aminopropanoic acid BETA-ALANINE beta-Alanine beta-alanine 3-Aminopropionic acid 3-aminopropanoic acid H-beta-Ala-OH bAla beta-aminopropionic acid omega-aminopropionic acid beta-alanine 3-aminopropanoic acid IUPAC BETA-ALANINE PDBeChem beta-Alanine KEGG_COMPOUND beta-alanine IUPAC 3-Aminopropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 3-aminopropanoic acid ChEBI H-beta-Ala-OH ChEBI bAla ChEBI beta-aminopropionic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook omega-aminopropionic acid ChEBI A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. HMDB:HMDB0000054 KEGG:C00486 KNApSAcK:C00029828 MetaCyc:BILIRUBIN PDBeChem:BLR Wikipedia:Bilirubin 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid bilirubin 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione Bilirubin bilirubin(Z,Z) bilirubin-IXalpha bilirubin IXalpha 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid IUPAC bilirubin IUPAC 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid ChemIDplus 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid ChemIDplus 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid IUPAC 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione JCBN Bilirubin KEGG_COMPOUND bilirubin(Z,Z) ChEBI bilirubin-IXalpha ChEBI An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. DrugBank:DB03902 HMDB:HMDB0002329 KEGG:C00209 KNApSAcK:C00001198 MetaCyc:OXALATE PDBeChem:OXD Wikipedia:Oxalic_acid OXALIC ACID Oxalic acid oxalic acid Ethandisaeure Ethanedioic acid H2ox HOOCCOOH Oxalsaeure ethane-1,2-dioic acid oxalic acid OXALIC ACID PDBeChem Oxalic acid KEGG_COMPOUND oxalic acid IUPAC Ethandisaeure ChEBI Ethanedioic acid KEGG_COMPOUND H2ox IUPAC HOOCCOOH NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Oxalsaeure ChEBI ethane-1,2-dioic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. Chemspider:431981 DrugBank:DB00140 FooDB:FDB012160 HMDB:HMDB0000244 KEGG:C00255 KEGG:D00050 KNApSAcK:C00001552 LINCS:LSM-4084 MetaCyc:RIBOFLAVIN PDBeChem:RBF Patent:US2807611 Patent:US2876169 Wikipedia:Riboflavin 1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol 1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)pentitol 5-deoxy-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol 6,7-dimethyl-9-D-ribitylisoalloxazine 7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione 7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)isoalloxazine 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione 7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine Aqua-Flave Beflavin Beflavine Bisulase Dermadram E101 Fiboflavin Flavaxin Flavin Bb Flaxain Hyflavin Vitamin B2 lactoflavin riboflavin riboflavin (vit B2) riboflavina riboflavine riboflavinum vitamin B2 vitamin G vitasan B2 riboflavin 1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol IUPAC 1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)pentitol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 5-deoxy-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol ChEBI 6,7-dimethyl-9-D-ribitylisoalloxazine ChemIDplus 7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione ChEBI 7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)isoalloxazine ChemIDplus 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione IUPAC 7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine KEGG_COMPOUND Aqua-Flave ChemIDplus Beflavin ChemIDplus Beflavine ChemIDplus Bisulase KEGG_DRUG Dermadram ChemIDplus E101 ChEBI Fiboflavin ChemIDplus Flavaxin ChemIDplus Flavin Bb ChemIDplus Flaxain ChemIDplus Hyflavin ChemIDplus Vitamin B2 KEGG_COMPOUND lactoflavin KEGG_COMPOUND riboflavin WHO_MedNet riboflavin (vit B2) DrugCentral riboflavina WHO_MedNet riboflavine WHO_MedNet riboflavinum WHO_MedNet vitamin B2 ChEBI vitamin G DrugBank vitasan B2 ChemIDplus KEGG:C00742 PDBeChem:F Fluoride fluoride fluoride(1-) F(-) F- FLUORIDE ION Fluoride ion Fluorine anion fluoride Fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND fluoride IUPAC fluoride UniProt fluoride(1-) IUPAC F(-) IUPAC F- KEGG_COMPOUND FLUORIDE ION PDBeChem Fluoride ion KEGG_COMPOUND Fluorine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook KEGG:C00375 RCH2NH2 primary aliphatic amines primary aliphatic amine RCH2NH2 ChEBI RCH2NH2 KEGG_COMPOUND primary aliphatic amines ChEBI A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). KEGG:C01450 Wikipedia:Ketone Ketone ketones Keton R-CO-R' a ketone cetone ketones ketone Ketone KEGG_COMPOUND ketones IUPAC Keton ChEBI R-CO-R' KEGG_COMPOUND a ketone UniProt cetone ChEBI ketones ChEBI A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. KEGG:C00326 Glycoprotein glycoproteins Glykoprotein Glykoproteine a glycoprotein glicoproteina glicoproteinas glycoproteine glycoproteines glycoprotein Glycoprotein KEGG_COMPOUND glycoproteins IUPAC Glykoprotein ChEBI Glykoproteine ChEBI a glycoprotein UniProt glicoproteina ChEBI glicoproteinas ChEBI glycoproteine ChEBI glycoproteines ChEBI The L-enantiomer of serine. DrugBank:DB00133 ECMDB:ECMDB00187 HMDB:HMDB0000187 KEGG:C00065 KEGG:D00016 KNApSAcK:C00001393 MetaCyc:SER PDBeChem:SER Wikipedia:L-serine YMDB:YMDB00112 L-Serine L-serine (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid (S)-(-)-serine (S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid (S)-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxypropionic acid (S)-serine L-(-)-serine L-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid L-3-Hydroxy-2-aminopropionic acid L-3-Hydroxy-alanine L-Ser L-Serin S SERINE Ser Serine beta-Hydroxy-L-alanine beta-Hydroxyalanine L-serine L-Serine KEGG_COMPOUND L-serine IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid IUPAC (S)-(-)-serine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (S)-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxypropionic acid HMDB (S)-serine ChemIDplus L-(-)-serine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook L-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-3-Hydroxy-2-aminopropionic acid HMDB L-3-Hydroxy-alanine KEGG_COMPOUND L-Ser DrugBank L-Serin ChEBI S ChEBI SERINE PDBeChem Ser ChEBI Serine KEGG_COMPOUND beta-Hydroxy-L-alanine HMDB beta-Hydroxyalanine HMDB A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexanoic acid (also known as caproic acid). ECMDB:ECMDB21229 KEGG:C01585 MetaCyc:HEXANOATE hexanoate 1-hexanoate 1-pentacarboxylate 1-pentanecarboxylate CH3-[CH2]4-COO(-) butylacetate caproate capronate hexoate hexylate n-caproate n-hexanoate n-hexoate n-hexylate nPnCO2 anion pentanecarboxylate pentylformate hexanoate hexanoate IUPAC hexanoate UniProt 1-hexanoate ChEBI 1-pentacarboxylate ChEBI 1-pentanecarboxylate ChEBI CH3-[CH2]4-COO(-) IUPAC butylacetate ChEBI caproate ChEBI capronate ChEBI hexoate ChEBI hexylate ChEBI n-caproate ChEBI n-hexanoate ChEBI n-hexoate ChEBI n-hexylate ChEBI nPnCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook pentanecarboxylate ChEBI pentylformate ChEBI An amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4. DrugBank:DB02648 KEGG:C00487 MetaCyc:DL-CARNITINE Patent:US4255449 Patent:US4315944 Wikipedia:Carnitine 3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate carnitine D,L-carnitine carnitine 3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate IUPAC carnitine UniProt D,L-carnitine MetaCyc KEGG:C11481 PDBeChem:SO3 hydrogen(trioxidosulfate)(1-) hydrogensulfite(1-) hydrogentrioxosulfate(1-) hydrogentrioxosulfate(IV) hydroxidodioxidosulfate(1-) monohydrogentrioxosulfate Bisulfite HSO3(-) HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite [SO2(OH)](-) bisulfite bisulphite hydrogen sulfite(1-) hydrosulfite anion hydrogensulfite hydrogen(trioxidosulfate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogensulfite(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxosulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxosulfate(IV) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC monohydrogentrioxosulfate IUPAC Bisulfite KEGG_COMPOUND HSO3(-) IUPAC HSO3- KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrogen sulfite KEGG_COMPOUND [SO2(OH)](-) IUPAC bisulfite ChemIDplus bisulphite ChemIDplus hydrogen sulfite(1-) ChemIDplus hydrosulfite anion ChemIDplus Any 3beta-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6. KEGG:C03836 MetaCyc:3b-hydroxy-D5-steroids 3beta-hydroxy Delta(5)-steroids 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroids a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid 3beta-hydroxy Delta(5)-steroids ChEBI 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroids ChEBI a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid UniProt An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. KEGG:C00293 Wikipedia:Glucose Glucose gluco-hexose glucose DL-glucose Glc Glukose glucose Glucose KEGG_COMPOUND gluco-hexose IUPAC glucose IUPAC DL-glucose ChEBI Glc JCBN Glukose ChEBI The conjugate base of propionic acid; a key precursor in lipid biosynthesis. KEGG:C00163 propanoate propionate CH3-CH2-COO(-) EtCO2 anion carboxylatoethane ethanecarboxylate ethylformate metacetonate methylacetate propanate propanoate propanoic acid, ion(1-) pseudoacetate propionate propanoate IUPAC propionate IUPAC CH3-CH2-COO(-) IUPAC EtCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook carboxylatoethane ChEBI ethanecarboxylate ChEBI ethylformate ChEBI metacetonate ChEBI methylacetate ChEBI propanate ChEBI propanoate UniProt propanoic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus pseudoacetate ChEBI A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. HMDB:HMDB0001511 KEGG:C02305 MetaCyc:CREATINE-P Wikipedia:Phosphocreatine N-Phosphocreatine N-[imino(phosphonoamino)methyl]-N-methylglycine N-phosphocreatine Creatine phosphate Creatine phosphic acid N(omega)-phosphonocreatine N-(N-phosphonoamido)sarcosine N-(Phosphonoamidino)sarcosine N-Phosphorylcreatine Phosphocreatine phosphorylcreatine {[imino(phosphonoamino)methyl](methyl)amino}acetic acid N-phosphocreatine N-Phosphocreatine KEGG_COMPOUND N-[imino(phosphonoamino)methyl]-N-methylglycine IUPAC N-phosphocreatine ChEBI Creatine phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Creatine phosphic acid HMDB N(omega)-phosphonocreatine CBN N-(N-phosphonoamido)sarcosine CBN N-(Phosphonoamidino)sarcosine HMDB N-Phosphorylcreatine HMDB Phosphocreatine KEGG_COMPOUND phosphorylcreatine HMDB {[imino(phosphonoamino)methyl](methyl)amino}acetic acid ChEBI Any substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms. Wikipedia:Ferroptosis ferroptosis inhibitors ferroptosis inhibitor ferroptosis inhibitors ChEBI Any substance that induces or promotes ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms. Wikipedia:Ferroptosis ferroptosis inducers ferroptosis inducer ferroptosis inducers ChEBI A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6, it is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. Chemspider:1021 DrugBank:DB00147 HMDB:HMDB0001545 KEGG:C00250 KNApSAcK:C00007509 MetaCyc:PYRIDOXAL PDBeChem:PXL Wikipedia:Pyridoxal 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde Pyridoxal pyridoxal 3-HYDROXY-5-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2-METHYLISONICOTINALDEHYDE pyridoxaldehyde pyridoxal 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde IUPAC Pyridoxal KEGG_COMPOUND pyridoxal UniProt 3-HYDROXY-5-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2-METHYLISONICOTINALDEHYDE PDBeChem pyridoxaldehyde ChemIDplus Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6. KEGG:C00395 Wikipedia:Penicillin Penicillin penicillins penicillins penicillin Penicillin KEGG_COMPOUND penicillins IUPAC penicillins ChEBI A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). PDBeChem:SO3 sulfite trioxidosulfate(2-) trioxosulfate(2-) trioxosulfate(IV) SO3 SO3(2-) SULFITE ION [SO3](2-) sulphite sulfite sulfite IUPAC sulfite UniProt trioxidosulfate(2-) IUPAC trioxosulfate(2-) IUPAC trioxosulfate(IV) IUPAC SO3 ChEBI SO3(2-) IUPAC SULFITE ION PDBeChem [SO3](2-) IUPAC sulphite ChEBI A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms. DrugBank:DB02406 HMDB:HMDB0000892 KEGG:C00803 KNApSAcK:C00001208 PDBeChem:LEA PPDB:3130 Wikipedia:Valeric_acid Valeric acid pentanoic acid 1-butanecarboxylic acid CH3-[CH2]3-COOH PENTANOIC ACID Pentanoate Pentanoic acid Valerate Valerianic acid Valeriansaeure n-BuCOOH n-Pentanoate n-Valeric acid n-pentanoic acid n-valeric acid pentoic acid propylacetic acid valeric acid, normal valeric acid Valeric acid KEGG_COMPOUND pentanoic acid IUPAC 1-butanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus 1-butanecarboxylic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook CH3-[CH2]3-COOH IUPAC PENTANOIC ACID PDBeChem Pentanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Pentanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Valerate KEGG_COMPOUND Valerianic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Valeriansaeure ChEBI n-BuCOOH ChEBI n-Pentanoate KEGG_COMPOUND n-Valeric acid KEGG_COMPOUND n-pentanoic acid ChemIDplus n-valeric acid ChemIDplus pentoic acid ChEBI propylacetic acid ChemIDplus valeric acid, normal ChemIDplus A complex cob(III)alamin in which cobalt is positioned in the centre of a planar corrin tetrapyrrole ring and bound axially to a 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moiety and a cyano group. It is one of several forms of the vitamin known as vitamin B12. DrugBank:DB00115 KEGG:C02823 KEGG:D00166 KNApSAcK:C00001534 PDBeChem:CNC Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-cyanocobamide Cyanocob(III)alamin cyanocob(III)alamin CN-Cbl CO-CYANOCOBALAMIN Dicopac Vitamin B12 complex cyanocobalamin vitamin B-12 cyanocob(III)alamin Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-cyanocobamide IUPAC Cyanocob(III)alamin KEGG_COMPOUND cyanocob(III)alamin IUPAC cyanocob(III)alamin UniProt CN-Cbl CBN CO-CYANOCOBALAMIN PDBeChem Dicopac KEGG_COMPOUND Vitamin B12 complex KEGG_COMPOUND cyanocobalamin KEGG_DRUG vitamin B-12 CBN A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. KEGG:C00071 Aldehyde aldehyde aldehydes Aldehyd RC(=O)H RCHO aldehido aldehidos aldehydes aldehydum an aldehyde aldehyde Aldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND aldehyde ChEBI aldehyde IUPAC aldehydes IUPAC Aldehyd ChEBI RC(=O)H IUPAC RCHO KEGG_COMPOUND aldehido ChEBI aldehidos ChEBI aldehydes ChEBI aldehydum ChEBI an aldehyde UniProt A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group). KEGG:C00717 Wikipedia:Glycerin Alditol alditol Glycitol Sugar alcohol alditols alditol Alditol KEGG_COMPOUND alditol UniProt Glycitol KEGG_COMPOUND Sugar alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND alditols ChEBI The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. HMDB:HMDB0000595 KEGG:C00288 MetaCyc:HCO3 PDBeChem:BCT Wikipedia:Bicarbonate Hydrogencarbonate hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) hydrogencarbonate hydrogencarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) Acid carbonate BICARBONATE ION Bicarbonate HCO3(-) HCO3- [CO2(OH)](-) hydrogen carbonate hydrogencarbonate Hydrogencarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogencarbonate IUPAC hydrogencarbonate UniProt hydrogencarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) IUPAC Acid carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND BICARBONATE ION PDBeChem Bicarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND HCO3(-) IUPAC HCO3- KEGG_COMPOUND [CO2(OH)](-) IUPAC hydrogen carbonate PDBeChem An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration. DrugBank:DB00151 ECMDB:ECMDB00574 HMDB:HMDB0000574 KEGG:C00097 KEGG:D00026 KNApSAcK:C00001351 MetaCyc:CYS PDBeChem:CYS Wikipedia:Cysteine YMDB:YMDB00046 L-Cysteine L-cysteine (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid (R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid C CYSTEINE Cys E 920 E-920 E920 FREE CYSTEINE L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid L-Cystein L-Zystein L-cysteine L-Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND L-cysteine IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid JCBN (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid IUPAC (R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook C ChEBI CYSTEINE PDBeChem Cys ChEBI E 920 ChEBI E-920 ChEBI E920 ChEBI FREE CYSTEINE PDBeChem L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-Cystein ChEBI L-Zystein ChEBI A common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4. Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. DrugBank:DB03419 HMDB:HMDB0000300 KEGG:C00106 KEGG:D00027 KNApSAcK:C00001513 MetaCyc:URACIL PDBeChem:URA Wikipedia:Uracil URACIL Uracil pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione uracil 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 2,4-Dioxopyrimidine 2,4-Pyrimidinedione U Ura Urazil uracil URACIL PDBeChem Uracil KEGG_COMPOUND pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione IUPAC uracil UniProt 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2,4-Dioxopyrimidine HMDB 2,4-Pyrimidinedione HMDB U ChEBI Ura CBN Urazil ChEBI The simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent. DrugBank:DB01900 KEGG:C01455 PDBeChem:MBN Wikipedia:Toluene TOLUENE Toluene toluene Toluen Toluol methylbenzene phenylmethane toluene TOLUENE PDBeChem Toluene KEGG_COMPOUND toluene ChEBI toluene IUPAC toluene UniProt Toluen NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Toluol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook methylbenzene PDBeChem phenylmethane ChemIDplus A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. COMe:MOL000093 HMDB:HMDB0000561 KEGG:C02094 KEGG:D03101 KNApSAcK:C00000919 MetaCyc:CPD1F-129 PDBeChem:BCR Wikipedia:Beta_Carotene BETA-CAROTENE beta,beta-carotene beta-Carotene 1,1'-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl]bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene) all-trans-beta-carotene beta-Karotin beta-carotene BETA-CAROTENE PDBeChem beta,beta-carotene IUPAC beta-Carotene KEGG_COMPOUND 1,1'-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl]bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene) ChEBI all-trans-beta-carotene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook all-trans-beta-carotene UniProt beta-Karotin ChEBI Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan. Wikipedia:Geroprotector anti-aging agent anti-aging agents anti-aging drug anti-aging drugs geroprotective agent geroprotective agents geroprotectors geroprotector anti-aging agent ChEBI anti-aging agents ChEBI anti-aging drug ChEBI anti-aging drugs ChEBI geroprotective agent ChEBI geroprotective agents ChEBI geroprotectors ChEBI Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. Wikipedia:Vitamin_C Vitamin C vitamin C vitamer vitamin C vitamers vitamina C vitamine C vitaminum C vitamin C Vitamin C ChEBI vitamin C vitamer ChEBI vitamin C vitamers ChEBI vitamina C ChEBI vitamine C ChEBI vitaminum C ChEBI Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). vitamin B2 vitamin B-2 vitamins B2 vitamins B2 vitamer vitamins B2 vitamers vitamin B2 vitamin B2 ChEBI vitamin B-2 ChEBI vitamins B2 ChEBI vitamins B2 vitamer ChEBI vitamins B2 vitamers ChEBI Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms). vitamin B3 vitamin B-3 vitamin B3 vitamer vitamin B3 vitamers vitamins B3 vitamin B3 vitamin B3 ChEBI vitamin B-3 ChEBI vitamin B3 vitamer ChEBI vitamin B3 vitamers ChEBI vitamins B3 ChEBI Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms. vitamin B5 vitamin B-5 vitamin B5 vitamer vitamin B5 vitamers vitamins B5 vitamin B5 vitamin B5 ChEBI vitamin B-5 ChEBI vitamin B5 vitamer ChEBI vitamin B5 vitamers ChEBI vitamins B5 ChEBI Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. vitamin B7 vitamin B-7 vitamin B7 vitamer vitamin B7 vitamers vitamins B7 vitamin B7 vitamin B7 ChEBI vitamin B-7 ChEBI vitamin B7 vitamer ChEBI vitamin B7 vitamers ChEBI vitamins B7 ChEBI Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. vitamin B9 folate vitamer folate vitamers vitamin B-9 vitamin B9 vitamer vitamin B9 vitamers vitamins B9 vitamin B9 vitamin B9 ChEBI folate vitamer ChEBI folate vitamers ChEBI vitamin B-9 ChEBI vitamin B9 vitamer ChEBI vitamin B9 vitamers ChEBI vitamins B9 ChEBI Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives). vitamin B12 vitamin B-12 vitamin B12 vitamer vitamin B12 vitamers vitamins B12 vitamin B12 vitamin B12 ChEBI vitamin B-12 ChEBI vitamin B12 vitamer ChEBI vitamin B12 vitamers ChEBI vitamins B12 ChEBI vitamin B-6 phosphate anion vitamin B-6 phosphate anions vitamin B6 phosphate anions vitamin B6 phosphate anion vitamin B-6 phosphate anion ChEBI vitamin B-6 phosphate anions ChEBI vitamin B6 phosphate anions ChEBI An agonist that binds to and activates somatostatin receptors. Wikipedia:Somatostatin_receptor SRIF agonist SRIF agonists SS-R agonist SS-R agonists SSR agonist SSR agonists SSTR agonist SSTR agonists somatostatin receptor agonists somatostatin receptor agonist SRIF agonist ChEBI SRIF agonists ChEBI SS-R agonist ChEBI SS-R agonists ChEBI SSR agonist ChEBI SSR agonists ChEBI SSTR agonist ChEBI SSTR agonists ChEBI somatostatin receptor agonists ChEBI A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form. GlyGen:G74621DY GlyTouCan:G74621DY KEGG:C00243 KEGG:D00046 KEGG:G10504 KNApSAcK:C00001136 beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucopyranose lactose (+)-lactose (Gal)1 (Glc)1 1-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-D-glucopyranose 4-(beta-D-galactosido)-D-glucose 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose D-lactose Galbeta1-4Glc Lac Laktobiose Laktose Milchzucker Milk sugar WURCS=2.0/2,2,1/[a2122h-1x_1-5][a2112h-1b_1-5]/1-2/a4-b1 beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-Glcp beta-Gal1,4-Glc lactobiose milk sugar lactose beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucopyranose IUPAC lactose UniProt (+)-lactose NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (Gal)1 (Glc)1 KEGG_GLYCAN 1-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-D-glucopyranose KEGG_COMPOUND 4-(beta-D-galactosido)-D-glucose NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose IUPAC D-lactose ChemIDplus Galbeta1-4Glc ChEBI Lac JCBN Laktobiose ChEBI Laktose ChEBI Milchzucker ChEBI Milk sugar KEGG_COMPOUND WURCS=2.0/2,2,1/[a2122h-1x_1-5][a2112h-1b_1-5]/1-2/a4-b1 GlyTouCan beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc KEGG_COMPOUND beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-Glcp IUPAC beta-Gal1,4-Glc ChEBI lactobiose NIST_Chemistry_WebBook milk sugar NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. Chemspider:733 DrugBank:DB04077 ECMDB:ECMDB00131 FooDB:FDB000756 HMDB:HMDB0000131 KEGG:C00116 KEGG:D00028 KNApSAcK:C00001163 LINCS:LSM-37180 MetaCyc:GLYCEROL PDB:2AJS PDB:2D03 PDBeChem:GOL PPDB:1317 Wikipedia:Glycerol YMDB:YMDB00283 GLYCEROL Glycerol glycerol propane-1,2,3-triol 1,2,3-Propanetriol 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane Glycerin Glyceritol Glyzerin Gro Oelsuess Propanetriol Trihydroxypropane glycerine glycerol glycerolum glycyl alcohol glycerol GLYCEROL PDBeChem Glycerol KEGG_COMPOUND glycerol ChEBI glycerol UniProt propane-1,2,3-triol IUPAC 1,2,3-Propanetriol KEGG_COMPOUND 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane KEGG_COMPOUND Glycerin KEGG_COMPOUND Glyceritol HMDB Glyzerin ChEBI Gro JCBN Oelsuess ChEBI Propanetriol HMDB Trihydroxypropane HMDB glycerine ChEBI glycerol ChemIDplus glycerolum ChemIDplus glycyl alcohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution. DrugBank:DB04345 KEGG:C01727 KNApSAcK:C00030694 MetaCyc:CPD-605 PDBeChem:LUM 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione LUMICHROME Lumichrome lumichrome 7,8-Dimethylalloxazine lumichrome 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione IUPAC LUMICHROME PDBeChem Lumichrome KEGG_COMPOUND lumichrome UniProt 7,8-Dimethylalloxazine KEGG_COMPOUND The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. HMDB:HMDB0001875 KEGG:C00132 KEGG:D02309 MetaCyc:METOH PDBeChem:MOH Wikipedia:Methanol METHANOL Methanol methanol CH3OH MeOH Methyl alcohol Methylalkohol carbinol spirit of wood wood alcohol wood naphtha wood spirit methanol METHANOL PDBeChem Methanol KEGG_COMPOUND methanol IUPAC methanol UniProt CH3OH ChEBI MeOH ChEBI Methyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Methylalkohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook carbinol ChemIDplus spirit of wood HMDB wood alcohol ChemIDplus wood naphtha ChemIDplus wood spirit NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. KEGG:C00716 KNApSAcK:C00001393 Wikipedia:Serine Serine serine 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid 3-Hydroxyalanine Serin serine Serine KEGG_COMPOUND serine IUPAC 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid IUPAC 3-Hydroxyalanine KEGG_COMPOUND Serin ChEBI Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. KEGG:C00422 Triglyceride triglycerides Triacylglycerol Triglycerid Triglyzerid a triacylglycerol triacylglycerols triglycerides triglyceride Triglyceride KEGG_COMPOUND triglycerides IUPAC Triacylglycerol KEGG_COMPOUND Triglycerid ChEBI Triglyzerid ChEBI a triacylglycerol UniProt triacylglycerols LIPID_MAPS triglycerides ChEBI A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. KEGG:C01351 Donor Donator donneur donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. KEGG:C00246 MetaCyc:BUTYRIC_ACID butanoate butyrate 1-butanoate 1-butyrate 1-propanecarboxylate CH3-[CH2]2-COO(-) butanate butanoate butanoic acid, ion(1-) n-butanoate n-butyrate propanecarboxylate propylformate butyrate butanoate IUPAC butyrate IUPAC 1-butanoate ChEBI 1-butyrate ChEBI 1-propanecarboxylate ChEBI CH3-[CH2]2-COO(-) IUPAC butanate ChEBI butanoate ChEBI butanoate UniProt butanoic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus n-butanoate ChEBI n-butyrate ChemIDplus propanecarboxylate ChEBI propylformate ChEBI A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. DrugBank:DB02772 HMDB:HMDB0000258 KEGG:C00089 KEGG:D00025 KEGG:D06533 KEGG:G00370 KNApSAcK:C00001151 MetaCyc:SUCROSE PDBeChem:SUC Wikipedia:Sucrose SUCROSE Sucrose beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside sucrose 1-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside Cane sugar Saccharose Sacharose White sugar beta-D-Fruf-(2<->1)-alpha-D-Glcp sacarosa table sugar sucrose SUCROSE PDBeChem Sucrose KEGG_COMPOUND beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside IUPAC sucrose UniProt 1-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside KEGG_COMPOUND Cane sugar KEGG_COMPOUND Saccharose KEGG_COMPOUND Sacharose ChEBI White sugar HMDB beta-D-Fruf-(2<->1)-alpha-D-Glcp JCBN sacarosa ChEBI table sugar ChemIDplus 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. KEGG:C01356 Lipid lipids lipid Lipid KEGG_COMPOUND lipids IUPAC Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. KEGG:C02545 Wikipedia:Glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan Glykosaminoglykan glicosaminoglicano glycosaminoglycane glycosaminoglycans glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan KEGG_COMPOUND glycosaminoglycan IUPAC Glykosaminoglykan ChEBI glicosaminoglicano IUPAC glycosaminoglycane IUPAC glycosaminoglycans ChEBI Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). GlyGen:G70994MS GlyTouCan:G70994MS KEGG:C00738 Hexose WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ hexoses hexose Hexose KEGG_COMPOUND WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ GlyTouCan hexoses ChEBI A tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an methyl group. HMDB:HMDB0000906 KEGG:C00565 KNApSAcK:C00001433 MetaCyc:TRIMETHYLAMINE PDBeChem:KEN Wikipedia:Trimethylamine N,N-dimethylmethanamine Trimethylamine (CH3)3N N(CH3)3 N,N,N-trimethylamine N,N-Dimethylmethanamine NMe3 TMA Trimethylamin tridimethylaminomethane trimethylamine N,N-dimethylmethanamine IUPAC Trimethylamine KEGG_COMPOUND (CH3)3N KEGG_COMPOUND N(CH3)3 ChEBI N,N,N-trimethylamine ChEBI N,N-Dimethylmethanamine KEGG_COMPOUND NMe3 ChEBI TMA NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Trimethylamin ChEBI tridimethylaminomethane ChEBI hydrogen halide hydrogen halides hydrogen halides hydrogen halide hydrogen halide IUPAC hydrogen halides IUPAC hydrogen halides ChEBI A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. KEGG:C00420 Polysaccharide polysaccharides Glycan Glycane Glykan Glykane glycans polisacarido polisacaridos polysaccharide Polysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND polysaccharides IUPAC Glycan KEGG_COMPOUND Glycane ChEBI Glykan ChEBI Glykane ChEBI glycans IUPAC polisacarido ChEBI polisacaridos IUPAC An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. KEGG:C01536 KNApSAcK:C00001397 Tyrosine tyrosine 2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid 3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine Tyr Tyrosin Y tirosina tyrosine Tyrosine KEGG_COMPOUND tyrosine IUPAC 2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid IUPAC 3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine KEGG_COMPOUND Tyr ChEBI Tyrosin ChEBI Y ChEBI tirosina ChEBI The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. Wikipedia:Citrulline 2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid Citrulline N(5)-carbamoylornithine citrulline 2-Amino-5-uredovaleric acid Cit Citrullin DL-2-amino-5-ureidovaleric acid N(5)-(aminocarbonyl)-DL-ornithine N(5)-(aminocarbonyl)ornithine N(5)-carbamoyl-DL-ornithine citrulina dl-citrulline citrulline 2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid IUPAC Citrulline KEGG_COMPOUND N(5)-carbamoylornithine IUPAC citrulline IUPAC 2-Amino-5-uredovaleric acid KEGG_COMPOUND Cit IUPAC Citrullin ChEBI DL-2-amino-5-ureidovaleric acid ChemIDplus N(5)-(aminocarbonyl)-DL-ornithine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N(5)-(aminocarbonyl)ornithine ChEBI N(5)-carbamoyl-DL-ornithine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook citrulina ChEBI dl-citrulline NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. KEGG:C00302 KEGG:D04341 KNApSAcK:C00001358 KNApSAcK:C00019577 Wikipedia:Glutamic_acid 2-aminopentanedioic acid Glutamic acid glutamic acid 2-Aminoglutaric acid DL-Glutamic acid DL-Glutaminic acid E Glu Glutamate Glutaminic acid Glutaminsaeure glutamic acid 2-aminopentanedioic acid IUPAC Glutamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND glutamic acid IUPAC 2-Aminoglutaric acid KEGG_COMPOUND DL-Glutamic acid KEGG_DRUG DL-Glutaminic acid KEGG_COMPOUND E ChEBI Glu ChEBI Glutamate KEGG_COMPOUND Glutaminic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Glutaminsaeure ChEBI An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. DrugBank:DB01592 HMDB:HMDB0015531 KEGG:C00023 WebElements:Fe iron 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron iron atom iron IUPAC 26Fe IUPAC Eisen ChEBI Fe IUPAC Fe UniProt Iron KEGG_COMPOUND fer ChEBI ferrum IUPAC hierro ChEBI iron ChEBI Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. KEGG:C00911 Ribonucleoside a ribonucleoside ribonucleosides ribonucleoside Ribonucleoside KEGG_COMPOUND a ribonucleoside UniProt ribonucleosides ChEBI An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. KEGG:C01602 KNApSAcK:C00001384 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid Ornithine ornithine 2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid 2,5-Diaminovaleric acid DL-Ornithine Orn ornithine 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid IUPAC Ornithine KEGG_COMPOUND ornithine IUPAC 2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2,5-Diaminovaleric acid KEGG_COMPOUND DL-Ornithine ChemIDplus Orn IUPAC That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. KEGG:C00701 Wikipedia:Nucleobase Base nucleobases nucleobase Base KEGG_COMPOUND nucleobases ChEBI An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. KEGG:C01371 Alkane alkane alkanes Alkan RH alcane alcanes alcano alcanos an alkane alkane Alkane KEGG_COMPOUND alkane IUPAC alkanes IUPAC Alkan ChEBI RH KEGG_COMPOUND alcane IUPAC alcanes IUPAC alcano IUPAC alcanos IUPAC an alkane UniProt A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. KEGG:C00009 phosphate tetraoxidophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(V) Orthophosphate PHOSPHATE ION PO4(3-) Phosphate [PO4](3-) phosphate(3-) phosphate IUPAC tetraoxidophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC Orthophosphate KEGG_COMPOUND PHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem PO4(3-) IUPAC Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND [PO4](3-) IUPAC The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. COMe:MOL000108 DrugBank:DB00114 HMDB:HMDB0001491 KEGG:C00018 KNApSAcK:C00007503 PDBeChem:PLP Wikipedia:Pyridoxal_phosphate (4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate PLP PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE Phosphoric acid mono-(4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl) ester Pyridoxal 5-phosphate Pyridoxal phosphate codecarboxylase pyridoxal 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate) pyridoxal 5-monophosphoric acid ester pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate IUPAC Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde ChEBI 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate ChEBI PLP KEGG_COMPOUND PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE PDBeChem Phosphoric acid mono-(4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl) ester ChEMBL Pyridoxal 5-phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Pyridoxal phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND codecarboxylase ChEBI pyridoxal 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate) ChEBI pyridoxal 5-monophosphoric acid ester ChEBI A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds inorganic calcium salt A barium salt that lacks C-H bonds inorganic barium salt 5beta-cholane 5beta-cholane 5beta-cholane IUPAC An N-acetyl-amino acid having D-configuration. KEGG:C03135 N-Acetyl-D-amino-acid N-acetyl-D-amino acids N-acetyl-D-amino acid N-Acetyl-D-amino-acid KEGG_COMPOUND N-acetyl-D-amino acids ChEBI An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent. N-acetyl-L-amino acid An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group. KEGG:C02847 N-Acetyl amino acid N-acetyl-amino acids N-acetyl-amino acid N-Acetyl amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND N-acetyl-amino acids ChEBI Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration. N-acyl-L-amino acid A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond. glycosylamine N-glycoside N-glycosides N-glycosyl compounds glycosylamines N-glycosyl compound glycosylamine IUPAC N-glycoside ChEBI N-glycosides ChEBI N-glycosyl compounds ChEBI glycosylamines IUPAC Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3. acetamides Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid. acetyl-amino acids acetyl-amino acid acetyl-amino acids ChEBI acetylcysteine An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC alkaline earth metals Erdalkalimetall Erdalkalimetalle alkaline earth metal alkaline-earth metal alkaline-earth metals metal alcalino-terreux metal alcalinoterreo metales alcalinoterreos metaux alcalino-terreux alkaline earth metal atom alkaline earth metals IUPAC Erdalkalimetall ChEBI Erdalkalimetalle ChEBI alkaline earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metals ChEBI metal alcalino-terreux ChEBI metal alcalinoterreo ChEBI metales alcalinoterreos ChEBI metaux alcalino-terreux ChEBI alkali metals Alkalimetall Alkalimetalle alkali metal metal alcalin metal alcalino metales alcalinos metaux alcalins alkali metal atom alkali metals IUPAC Alkalimetall ChEBI Alkalimetalle ChEBI alkali metal ChEBI metal alcalin ChEBI metal alcalino ChEBI metales alcalinos ChEBI metaux alcalins ChEBI Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. Wikipedia:Alkaloid Alkaloid alkaloids Alkaloide alcaloide alcaloides alkaloid Alkaloid ChEBI alkaloids IUPAC Alkaloide ChEBI alcaloide ChEBI alcaloides ChEBI A univalent group -CnH2n+1 derived from an alkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from any carbon atom. alkyl group alkyl groups groupe alkyle grupo alquilo grupos alquilo alkyl group alkyl group IUPAC alkyl groups IUPAC groupe alkyle IUPAC grupo alquilo IUPAC grupos alquilo IUPAC Any amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by alkyl groups. alkylamines Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. alkylating agent aminobenzoates aminobenzoate aminobenzoates ChEBI aminobenzoic acid Aminobenzoesaeure aminobenzoic acid aminobenzoic acid IUPAC Aminobenzoesaeure ChEBI aminoglycans aminoglycan aminoglycans ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion Anionen aniones anions anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. antioxidants antioxydant antoxidant antioxidant antioxidants ChEBI antioxydant ChEBI antoxidant ChEBI A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. anti-viral agent anti-viral agents antiviral antiviral agents antivirals antiviral agent anti-viral agent ChEBI anti-viral agents ChEBI antiviral ChEBI antiviral agents ChEBI antivirals ChEBI A ketoaldonate that is the conjugate base of ascorbic acid. ascorbate ascorbic acid An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class. aspartate family amino acids aspartic acid family amino acid aspartic acid family amino acids oxaloacetate family amino acid oxaloacetate family amino acids oxaloacetate/aspartate family amino acid oxaloacetate/aspartate family amino acids aspartate family amino acid aspartate family amino acids ChEBI aspartic acid family amino acid ChEBI aspartic acid family amino acids ChEBI oxaloacetate family amino acid ChEBI oxaloacetate family amino acids ChEBI oxaloacetate/aspartate family amino acid ChEBI oxaloacetate/aspartate family amino acids ChEBI A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. benzenes A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any benzoic acid. benzoate anion benzoates benzoate anion ChEBI Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group. benzoic acids Wikipedia:Benzopyran benzopyrans benzopyran benzopyrans ChEBI Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their C-substituted derivatives. benzoquinones benzyl Bn C6H5-CH2- phenylalanine side-chain phenylmethyl benzyl group benzyl IUPAC Bn ChEBI C6H5-CH2- IUPAC phenylalanine side-chain ChEBI phenylmethyl IUPAC beta-alanine derivative Any compound that produces a peak used to reference an NMR spectrum during data pre-processing. NMR chemical shift reference compounds NMR chemical shift standard NMR chemical shift standards NMR internal standard NMR internal standards NMR reference standard NMR reference standards NMR chemical shift reference compound NMR chemical shift reference compounds ChEBI NMR chemical shift standard ChEBI NMR chemical shift standards ChEBI NMR internal standard ChEBI NMR internal standards ChEBI NMR reference standard ChEBI NMR reference standards ChEBI Any amino acid-derived zwitterion - such as glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate) - in which the ammonium nitrogen carries methyl substituents and bears no hydrogen atoms. amino acid betaines amino-acid betaines betaines amino-acid betaine amino acid betaines ChEBI amino-acid betaines ChEBI betaines ChEBI A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine. KEGG:C01558 Bile acid bile salts bile salt Bile acid KEGG_COMPOUND bile salts ChEBI Any amino acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents branched chain amino acids branched-chain amino acid branched chain amino acids ChEBI DrugBank:DB01373 KEGG:C00076 WebElements:Ca calcium 20Ca Ca Calcium Kalzium calcio calcium calcium atom calcium IUPAC 20Ca IUPAC Ca IUPAC Ca UniProt Calcium KEGG_COMPOUND Kalzium ChEBI calcio ChEBI calcium ChEBI calcium molecular entity calcium compounds calcium molecular entities calcium molecular entity calcium molecular entity ChEBI calcium compounds ChEBI calcium molecular entities ChEBI The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. carbamoyl -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide carbamoyl group carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. carbonates carbonyl carbonyl group >C=O carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC Hydrocarbon carotenoids. carotene carotenes carotenes carotene carotene ChEBI carotenes IUPAC carotenes ChEBI One of a class of tetraterpenoids (C40), formally derived from the acyclic parent, psi,psi-carotene by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these processes. This class includes carotenes, xanthophylls and certain compounds that arise from rearrangement of the skeleton of psi,psi-carotene or by loss of part of this structure. Retinoids are excluded. carotenoid carotenes and carotenoids carotenoids carotenoid carotenoid IUPAC carotenes and carotenoids ChemIDplus carotenoids ChEBI carotenols hydroxycarotenoids carotenol carotenols ChEBI hydroxycarotenoids ChEBI A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. KEGG:C00875 Wikipedia:Cephalosporin Cephalosporin cephalosphorin cephalosphorins cephalosporins cephalosporin Cephalosporin KEGG_COMPOUND cephalosphorin ChEBI cephalosphorins ChEBI cephalosporins ChEBI choline esters choline ester choline esters ChEBI A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof. cholines Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. chromanol chromanes citrullines cob(III)alamins cobalamins cobamides A low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons. coenzyme coenzymes coenzyme coenzyme IUPAC coenzymes ChEBI An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor cofactors cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide cyclic amide cyclic amides cyclic amide cyclic amide ChEBI cyclic amides ChEBI Cyclopeptid Zyklopeptid cyclic peptides peptide cyclique peptido ciclico cyclic peptide Cyclopeptid ChEBI Zyklopeptid ChEBI cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique IUPAC peptido ciclico IUPAC An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues. cysteine derivative cysteine derivatives cysteine derivative cysteine derivative ChEBI cysteine derivatives ChEBI A hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid carrying two hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids ChEBI Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). diterpenoids C20 isoprenoids diterpenoides diterpenoid diterpenoids IUPAC C20 isoprenoids LIPID_MAPS diterpenoides ChEBI Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. drugs medicine drug drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI monoatomic anions monoatomic anion monoatomic anions ChEBI monoatomic cations monoatomic cation monoatomic cations ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton. ethanols Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol. carboxylic acid ethyl ester carboxylic acid ethyl esters ethyl carboxylate ethyl carboxylates ethyl esters ethyl ester carboxylic acid ethyl ester ChEBI carboxylic acid ethyl esters ChEBI ethyl carboxylate ChEBI ethyl carboxylates ChEBI ethyl esters ChEBI Any vitamin that dissolves in fats and are stored in body tissues. Unlike the water-soluble vitamins, they are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. fat-soluble vitamin fat-soluble vitamins fettloesliche Vitamine fat-soluble vitamin (role) fat-soluble vitamin ChEBI fat-soluble vitamins ChEBI fettloesliche Vitamine ChEBI Compounds containing at least one furan ring. oxacyclopenta-2,4-dienes furans oxacyclopenta-2,4-dienes ChEBI Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. glucocorticoids glucocorticoid glucocorticoids ChEBI An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamic acid residues. glutamic acid derivative An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class. glutamine family amino acids glutamine family amino acid glutamine family amino acids ChEBI An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2). Wikipedia:Glutamine_synthetase EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitors EC 6.3.1.2 inhibitor EC 6.3.1.2 inhibitors L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors L-glutamine synthetase inhibitor L-glutamine synthetase inhibitors glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitor glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitors glutamate--ammonia ligase inhibitor glutamate--ammonia ligase inhibitors glutamine synthetase inhibitor glutamine synthetase inhibitors glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitor glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitors EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 6.3.1.2 inhibitor ChEBI EC 6.3.1.2 inhibitors ChEBI L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor ChEBI L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors ChEBI L-glutamine synthetase inhibitor ChEBI L-glutamine synthetase inhibitors ChEBI glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitor ChEBI glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitors ChEBI glutamate--ammonia ligase inhibitor ChEBI glutamate--ammonia ligase inhibitors ChEBI glutamine synthetase inhibitor ChEBI glutamine synthetase inhibitors ChEBI glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitor ChEBI glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitors ChEBI A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glycine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. glycine derivative glycosylglucoses glycosylglucose glycosylglucoses ChEBI Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres. glycosyl glycoside glycosyl glycosides glycosyl glycoside glycosyl glycoside ChEBI glycosyl glycosides ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas. guanidines heterocyclic antibiotic A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds organic heterocyclic compound organic heterocycle ChEBI organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodetic cyclic peptides peptide cyclique heterodetique peptido ciclico heterodetico heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodetic cyclic peptide IUPAC heterodetic cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique heterodetique IUPAC peptido ciclico heterodetico IUPAC Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. endocrine hormones hormone endocrine ChEBI hormones ChEBI A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. hydrocarbon hydrocarbons Kohlenwasserstoff Kohlenwasserstoffe hidrocarburo hidrocarburos hydrocarbure hydrocarbon hydrocarbon IUPAC hydrocarbons IUPAC Kohlenwasserstoff ChEBI Kohlenwasserstoffe ChEBI hidrocarburo IUPAC hidrocarburos IUPAC hydrocarbure IUPAC Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids ChEBI Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group. hydroxy carboxylic acids hydroxycarboxylic acid hydroxycarboxylic acids hydroxy carboxylic acid hydroxy carboxylic acids ChEBI hydroxycarboxylic acid ChEBI hydroxycarboxylic acids ChEBI hydroxymethyl -CH2-OH serine side-chain hydroxymethyl group hydroxymethyl IUPAC -CH2-OH IUPAC serine side-chain ChEBI Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent. hydroxypyridines hydroxypyridine hydroxypyridines ChEBI A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids oxoacid oxoacid IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC oxacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI inorganic anions inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI inorganic oxides inorganic oxide inorganic oxides ChEBI anorganisches Salz inorganic salts inorganic salt anorganisches Salz ChEBI inorganic salts ChEBI inorganic sulfate salts inorganic sulfates inorganic sulfate salt inorganic sulfate salts ChEBI inorganic sulfates ChEBI A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels salt salt IUPAC Salz ChEBI Salze ChEBI ionic compound ChEBI ionic compounds ChEBI sal ChEBI sales ChEBI salts ChEBI sel ChEBI sels ChEBI monoatomic ions monoatomic ion monoatomic ions ChEBI organic salts organisches Salz organic salt organic salts ChEBI organisches Salz ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion Ionen iones ions ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI ion IUPAC Ionen ChEBI iones ChEBI ions ChEBI iron molecular entity iron compounds iron molecular entities iron molecular entity iron molecular entity ChEBI iron compounds ChEBI iron molecular entities ChEBI iron cation Fe cation iron cations iron cation iron cation IUPAC Fe cation UniProt iron cations ChEBI A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration. isoleucine Hile rel-(2R,3R)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid isoleucine isoleucine IUPAC Hile IUPAC rel-(2R,3R)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid IUPAC Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. isoprenoid isoprenoids isoprenoids isoprenoid isoprenoid ChEBI isoprenoids IUPAC isoprenoids ChEBI ketoaldonate ketoaldonates ketoaldonate ketoaldonate ChEBI ketoaldonates ChEBI Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group. ketoaldonic acid ketoaldonic acids ketoaldonic acid ketoaldonic acid ChEBI ketoaldonic acids ChEBI Any hexose containing a single ketone group. ketohexose ketohexoses ketohexose ketohexose ChEBI ketohexoses ChEBI Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)[CH(OH)]mH) and their intramolecular hemiketals. ketose ketoses ketose ketose ChEBI ketoses ChEBI Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. lactam lactams Laktam Laktame lactams lactam lactam IUPAC lactams IUPAC Laktam ChEBI Laktame ChEBI lactams ChEBI Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. lactone lactones Lacton Lakton Laktone lactona lactonas lactone lactone IUPAC lactones IUPAC Lacton ChEBI Lakton ChEBI Laktone ChEBI lactona IUPAC lactonas IUPAC A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. KEGG:C16439 Wikipedia:Leucine leucine (+-)-Leucine (RS)-Leucine 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid DL-Leucine Hleu L Leu Leucin Leuzin leucine leucine IUPAC (+-)-Leucine ChemIDplus (RS)-Leucine ChemIDplus 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid IUPAC DL-Leucine ChemIDplus Hleu IUPAC L ChEBI Leu ChEBI Leucin ChEBI Leuzin ChEBI linear tetrapyrrole A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6. KEGG:C16440 Wikipedia:Lysine 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid lysine K LYS Lysin alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid lysine 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid IUPAC lysine IUPAC K ChEBI LYS ChEBI Lysin ChEBI alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid ChEBI A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity. Makrolidantibiotika macrolide antibiotics macrolide antibiotic Makrolidantibiotika ChEBI macrolide antibiotics ChEBI A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide. Wikipedia:Macrolide macrolide macrolides Makrolid macrolides macrolide macrolide ChEBI macrolides IUPAC Makrolid ChEBI macrolides ChEBI DrugBank:DB01378 KEGG:C00305 WebElements:Mg magnesium 12Mg Magnesium Mg magnesio magnesium magnesium atom magnesium IUPAC 12Mg IUPAC Magnesium ChEBI Mg IUPAC Mg UniProt magnesio ChEBI magnesium ChEBI Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. metabolite metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI a metal cation metal cations metal cation a metal cation UniProt metal cations ChEBI metalloporphyrins metaloporphyrins metalloporphyrin metalloporphyrins ChEBI metaloporphyrins ChEBI methylated amines methylamines methylated amines ChEBI Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent. methylpyridines Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. monocarboxylic acids monocarboxylic acid monocarboxylic acids ChEBI monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations monoatomic monocation monoatomic monocations ChEBI monovalent inorganic cations ChEBI An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution. Wikipedia:Mutagen mutagene mutagenes mutagenic agent mutageno mutagenos mutagens mutagen mutagene ChEBI mutagenes ChEBI mutagenic agent ChEBI mutageno ChEBI mutagenos ChEBI mutagens ChEBI A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene. naphthoquinones naphthoquinone naphthoquinones ChEBI An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter neurotransmitters neurotransmitter neurotransmitters ChEBI WebElements:N nitrogen 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotics organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotics ChEBI nonmetal Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. Wikipedia:Omega-3_fatty_acid omega-3 fatty acid n-3 fatty acid n-3 fatty acids omega-3 fatty acids omega-3 fatty acid omega-3 fatty acid ChEBI n-3 fatty acid ChEBI n-3 fatty acids ChEBI omega-3 fatty acids ChEBI organic heteromonocyclic compounds organic heteromonocyclic compound organic heteromonocyclic compounds ChEBI Any organic ion with a net negative charge. organic anions organic anion organic anions ChEBI Any organic ion with a net positive charge. organic cations organic cation organic cations ChEBI organic ions organic ion organic ions ChEBI Wikipedia:Organophosphate organic phosphate organic phosphate ester organic phosphate esters organic phosphates organophosphate ester organophosphate esters organic phosphate organic phosphate ChEBI organic phosphate ester ChEBI organic phosphate esters ChEBI organic phosphates ChEBI organophosphate ester ChEBI organophosphate esters ChEBI Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group organic sulfates organic sulfate organic sulfates ChEBI An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. KEGG:C02525 Aliphatic alcohol aliphatic alcohols an aliphatic alcohol aliphatic alcohol Aliphatic alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND aliphatic alcohols ChEBI an aliphatic alcohol UniProt An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. Wikipedia:Organophosphorus_compound organophosphorus compound organophosphorus compounds organophosphorus compound organophosphorus compound ChEBI organophosphorus compounds ChEBI A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume. osmolytes osmolyte osmolytes ChEBI An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxides oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule. oxo carboxylic acids oxo acids oxo carboxylic acids oxo carboxylic acid oxo carboxylic acids IUPAC oxo acids IUPAC oxo carboxylic acids ChEBI Any fatty acid anion containing at least one C-C unsaturated bond; formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. unsaturated fatty acid anion KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring. p-quinone para-quinones p-quinones p-quinone ChEBI para-quinones ChEBI A class of amides formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine and its derivatives. pantothenic acids penicillanic acids A five-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldopentose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketopentose). pentose pentoses pentose pentose ChEBI pentoses ChEBI Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine. peptide hormones polypeptide hormone peptide hormone peptide hormones ChEBI polypeptide hormone ChEBI Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. phosphates phosphates phosphate phosphates IUPAC phosphates ChEBI phosphoamino acids phosphoamino acid phosphoamino acids ChEBI A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. HMDB:HMDB0002142 KEGG:C00009 KEGG:D05467 KNApSAcK:C00007408 Wikipedia:Phosphoric_Acid Phosphoric acid phosphoric acid tetraoxophosphoric acid trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) trihydroxidooxidophosphorus H3PO4 Orthophosphoric acid Phosphate Phosphorsaeure Phosphorsaeureloesungen [PO(OH)3] acide phosphorique acidum phosphoricum orthophosphoric acid phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND phosphoric acid IUPAC tetraoxophosphoric acid IUPAC trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC trihydroxidooxidophosphorus IUPAC H3PO4 IUPAC Orthophosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphorsaeure ChEBI Phosphorsaeureloesungen ChEBI [PO(OH)3] IUPAC acide phosphorique ChEBI acidum phosphoricum ChEBI orthophosphoric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook phosphoric acid derivative phosphorus molecular entities phosphorus molecular entity phosphorus molecular entities ChEBI An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light. pigments biological pigment pigments ChEBI Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. MetaCyc:Polar-amino-acids polar amino acid polar amino acids polar amino-acid polar amino-acids polar amino acid polar amino acid ChEBI polar amino acids ChEBI polar amino-acid ChEBI polar amino-acids ChEBI Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. polyketide polyketides polyketide polyketide ChEBI polyketides ChEBI A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups. polyols polyol polyols ChEBI Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome. PUFA PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA ChEBI PUFAs ChEBI polyunsaturated fatty acids ChEBI Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. Wikipedia:Porphyrin porphyrins porphyrins porphyrins IUPAC DrugBank:DB01345 KEGG:C00238 WebElements:K potassium 19K K Kalium kalium potasio potassium potassium atom potassium IUPAC 19K IUPAC K IUPAC Kalium ChemIDplus kalium IUPAC potasio ChEBI potassium ChEBI A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones. polyprenylquinone polyprenylquinones prenylquinones prenylquinone polyprenylquinone ChEBI polyprenylquinones ChEBI prenylquinones ChEBI A tightly bound, specific nonpolypeptide unit in a protein determining and involved in its biological activity. prosthetic group groupe prosthetique prosthetic groups prosthetic group prosthetic group IUPAC groupe prosthetique IUPAC prosthetic groups ChEBI pteridines pterins A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives. purines pyridine alkaloids pyridine alkaloid pyridine alkaloids ChEBI A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring. pyridinemonocarboxylic acids pyridinemonocarboxylic acid pyridinemonocarboxylic acids ChEBI Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives. pyridines A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from pyrimidine. pyrimidine nucleobase a pyrimidine nucleobase pyrimidine bases pyrimidine nucleobases pyrimidine nucleobase pyrimidine nucleobase ChEBI a pyrimidine nucleobase UniProt pyrimidine bases ChEBI pyrimidine nucleobases ChEBI KEGG:C03169 N-D-Ribosylpyrimidine pyrimidine nucleosides pyrimidine nucleoside N-D-Ribosylpyrimidine KEGG_COMPOUND pyrimidine nucleosides ChEBI A nitrogen molecular entity that is electronically neutral but which contains a quaternary nitrogen. quaternary nitrogen compound Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. Wikipedia:Reactive_oxygen_species ROS reactive oxygen species ROS ChEBI Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. retinoid retinoids retinoids retinoid retinoid ChEBI retinoids IUPAC retinoids ChEBI Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. saturated fatty acid SFA SFAs saturated fatty acids saturated fatty acid saturated fatty acid ChEBI SFA ChEBI SFAs ChEBI saturated fatty acids ChEBI An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class. 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acid 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acids serine family amino acids serine family amino acid 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acid ChEBI 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acids ChEBI serine family amino acids ChEBI An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid. SCFA SCFAs short-chain fatty acids short-chain fatty acid SCFA ChEBI SCFAs ChEBI short-chain fatty acids ChEBI KEGG:C01330 WebElements:Na sodium 11Na Na Natrium natrium sodio sodium sodium atom sodium IUPAC 11Na IUPAC Na IUPAC Natrium ChemIDplus natrium IUPAC sodio ChemIDplus sodium ChEBI sodium compounds sodium molecular entities sodium molecular entity sodium compounds ChEBI sodium molecular entities ChEBI Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. Natriumsalz Natriumsalze sodium salts sodium salt Natriumsalz ChEBI Natriumsalze ChEBI sodium salts ChEBI Any steroid that acts as hormone. Steroidhormon Steroidhormone hormona esteroide hormonas esteroideas hormone steroide hormones steroides steroid hormones steroid hormone Steroidhormon ChEBI Steroidhormone ChEBI hormona esteroide ChEBI hormonas esteroideas ChEBI hormone steroide ChEBI hormones steroides ChEBI steroid hormones ChEBI An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. sulfate ester sulfuric acid ester sulfuric acid esters sulfuric ester sulfate ester ChEBI sulfuric acid ester ChEBI sulfuric acid esters ChEBI Salts and esters of sulfuric acid sulfates sulfuric acid derivative sulphates sulfates sulfates ChEBI sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulphates ChEBI sulfonium compound KEGG:C00087 KEGG:D06527 PPDB:605 WebElements:S sulfur 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion sulfur atom sulfur IUPAC 16S IUPAC Elemental sulfur KEGG_COMPOUND S IUPAC S KEGG_COMPOUND Schwefel ChEBI azufre ChEBI soufre ChEBI sulfur ChEBI sulfur UniProt sulphur ChEBI theion IUPAC sulfur-containing amino acids sulfur-containing amino acid sulfur-containing amino acids ChEBI sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entities sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entity ChEBI sulfur molecular entities ChEBI A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 KNApSAcK:C00007530 MolBase:4 PPDB:606 Wikipedia:Sulfuric_acid Sulfuric acid dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate dihydroxidodioxidosulfur hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) sulfuric acid tetraoxosulfuric acid Acide sulfurique Acido sulfurico Acidum sulfuricum H2SO4 Schwefelsaeureloesungen [S(OH)2O2] [SO2(OH)2] sulphuric acid sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid KEGG_COMPOUND dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidosulfur IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC sulfuric acid ChEBI sulfuric acid IUPAC tetraoxosulfuric acid IUPAC Acide sulfurique ChemIDplus Acido sulfurico ChemIDplus Acidum sulfuricum ChemIDplus H2SO4 IUPAC Schwefelsaeureloesungen ChemIDplus [S(OH)2O2] MolBase [SO2(OH)2] IUPAC sulphuric acid MolBase Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group. Wikipedia:Terpenoid Terpenoid terpenoids terpenoide terpenoides terpenoid Terpenoid ChEBI terpenoids IUPAC terpenoide IUPAC terpenoides IUPAC A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it. tertiary alcohol tertiary alcohols tertiary alcohol tertiary alcohol ChEBI tertiary alcohols ChEBI A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups. tetracyclines Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton. oxolanes A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole tetrapyrroles a tetrapyrrole tetrapyrrole tetrapyrrole IUPAC tetrapyrroles IUPAC a tetrapyrrole UniProt Any terpenoid derived from a tetraterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C40 skeleton of the parent tetraterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). tetraterpenoids C40 isoprenoids tetraterpenoides tetraterpenoid tetraterpenoids IUPAC C40 isoprenoids LIPID_MAPS tetraterpenoides ChEBI Any member of the group of 1,3-thiazolium cations that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B1 deficiency in animals. Symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency include constipation, loss of apetite, fatigue, nausea, delirium, blurry vision and muscle weakness. Severe vitamin B1 deficiency can also lead to a disease known as beriberi. Vitamin B1 consists of the vitamer thiamin and its acid, aldehyde and phosphorylated derivatives (and their corresponding ionized, salt and hydrate forms). vitamin B1 thiamine thiamines thiamins vitamin B1 vitamer vitamin B1 vitamers vitamins B1 vitamin B1 vitamin B1 ChEBI thiamine ChEBI thiamines ChEBI thiamins ChEBI vitamin B1 vitamer ChEBI vitamin B1 vitamers ChEBI vitamins B1 ChEBI An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms. heterotricyclic compounds organic heterotricyclic compounds organic heterotricyclic compound heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI Any member of the class of benzenes that is a substituted benzene in which the substituents include one (and only one) methyl group. toluenes Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Wikipedia:Micronutrient micronutrients trace elements micronutrient micronutrients ChEBI trace elements ChEBI An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals transition element atom transition element IUPAC Uebergangselement ChEBI Uebergangsmetalle ChEBI metal de transicion ChEBI metal de transition ChEBI metales de transicion ChEBI metaux de transition ChEBI transition element ChEBI transition elements ChEBI transition metal ChEBI transition metals ChEBI trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids ChEBI A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. triols triol triols ChEBI heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond. alkene acid olefinic acid unsaturated fatty acids unsaturated fatty acid alkene acid ChEBI olefinic acid ChEBI unsaturated fatty acids ChEBI unsaturated fatty acids LIPID_MAPS uridines A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group. KEGG:C16436 Wikipedia:Valine valine 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid DL-valine Hval Valin valina valine valine IUPAC 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid IUPAC DL-valine ChEBI Hval IUPAC Valin ChEBI valina ChEBI Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body. MetaCyc:Vitamin-D Wikipedia:Vitamin_D D vitamins vitamin D vitamer vitamin D vitamers vitamin Ds vitamins D vitamin D D vitamins ChEBI vitamin D vitamer ChEBI vitamin D vitamers ChEBI vitamin Ds ChEBI vitamins D ChEBI Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). Vitamin B6 vitamin B-6 vitamin B6 vitamer vitamin B6 vitamers vitamina B6 vitamine B6 vitamins B6 vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 ChEBI vitamin B-6 JCBN vitamin B6 vitamer ChEBI vitamin B6 vitamers ChEBI vitamina B6 ChEBI vitamine B6 ChEBI vitamins B6 ChEBI Any vitamin that dissolves in water and readily absorbed into tissues for immediate use. Unlike the fat-soluble vitamins, they are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly in the diet and will rarely accumulate to toxic levels since they are quickly excreted from the body via urine. wasserloesliche Vitamine water-soluble vitamin water-soluble vitamins water-soluble vitamin (role) wasserloesliche Vitamine ChEBI water-soluble vitamin ChEBI water-soluble vitamins ChEBI A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. DrugBank:DB00137 xanthophylls xanthophylls xanthophyll xanthophylls IUPAC xanthophylls ChEBI KEGG:C00038 PDBeChem:ZN WebElements:Zn zinc 30Zn Zink Zn Zn(II) Zn2+ cinc zinc zincum zinc atom zinc IUPAC 30Zn IUPAC Zink ChEBI Zn IUPAC Zn(II) KEGG_COMPOUND Zn2+ KEGG_COMPOUND cinc ChEBI zinc ChEBI zincum ChEBI zinc compounds zinc molecular entities zinc molecular entity zinc compounds ChEBI zinc molecular entities ChEBI A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds zwitterion zwitterion IUPAC zwitterions IUPAC compose zwitterionique IUPAC compuestos zwitterionicos IUPAC zwitteriones IUPAC zwitterionic compounds IUPAC An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation. Chemspider:5815 DrugBank:DB00158 FooDB:FDB014504 HMDB:HMDB0000121 KEGG:C00504 KEGG:D00070 KNApSAcK:C00001539 LINCS:LSM-5355 MetaCyc:CPD-12826 PDBeChem:FOL Wikipedia:Folic_Acid N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid (2S)-2-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzamido)pentanedioic acid Acfol Folate Folicet Folsaeure N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid N-pteroyl-L-glutamic acid PGA PteGlu acide folique acido folico acidum folicum folic acid pteroyl-L-glutamic acid pteroyl-L-monoglutamic acid pteroylglutamic acid pteroylmonoglutamic acid vitamin B11 vitamin B9 vitamin Bc vitamin Be vitamin M folic acid N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid IUPAC (2S)-2-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzamido)pentanedioic acid IUPAC Acfol ChemIDplus Folate KEGG_COMPOUND Folicet KEGG_DRUG Folsaeure ChEBI N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid PDBeChem N-pteroyl-L-glutamic acid ChEBI PGA NIST_Chemistry_WebBook PteGlu NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acide folique WHO_MedNet acido folico WHO_MedNet acidum folicum WHO_MedNet folic acid WHO_MedNet pteroyl-L-glutamic acid ChemIDplus pteroyl-L-monoglutamic acid ChemIDplus pteroylglutamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND pteroylmonoglutamic acid ChemIDplus vitamin B11 ChemIDplus vitamin B9 ChemIDplus vitamin Bc ChemIDplus vitamin Be ChemIDplus vitamin M ChemIDplus DrugBank:DB11135 FooDB:FDB013400 HMDB:HMDB0001349 KEGG:C01529 WebElements:Se Wikipedia:Selenium selenium 34Se Se Selen Selenium selenio selenium selenium atom selenium IUPAC 34Se IUPAC Se IUPAC Selen ChemIDplus Selenium KEGG_COMPOUND selenio ChEBI selenium ChEBI KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono carbon atom carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. KEGG:C00175 KEGG:C19171 PDBeChem:3CO WebElements:Co cobalt 27Co Co Cobalt Kobalt cobalt cobalto cobaltum cobalt atom cobalt IUPAC 27Co IUPAC Co IUPAC Co UniProt Cobalt KEGG_COMPOUND Kobalt NIST_Chemistry_WebBook cobalt ChEBI cobalto ChEBI cobaltum ChEBI A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions. KEGG:C01689 detergent Detergents detergent detergent IUPAC Detergents KEGG_COMPOUND Chemspider:28534326 DrugBank:DB00200 FooDB:FDB003166 HMDB:HMDB0002308 KEGG:C08230 KEGG:D01027 KNApSAcK:C00050467 MetaCyc:CPD0-1256 Wikipedia:Hydroxocobalamin Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-hydroxocobamide AlphaRedisol Cyanokit Hydroxycobalamin OH-Cbl hidroxocobalamina hydroxocobalamin hydroxocobalamine hydroxocobalaminum vitamin B-12b hydroxocobalamin Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-hydroxocobamide IUPAC AlphaRedisol KEGG_DRUG Cyanokit KEGG_DRUG Hydroxycobalamin KEGG_COMPOUND OH-Cbl CBN hidroxocobalamina WHO_MedNet hydroxocobalamin WHO_MedNet hydroxocobalamine WHO_MedNet hydroxocobalaminum WHO_MedNet vitamin B-12b CBN A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. DrugBank:DB00759 KEGG:C06570 KEGG:D00201 MetaCyc:CPD0-1414 PDBeChem:TAC Patent:US2699054 Patent:US2712517 Patent:US2886595 Patent:US3005023 Patent:US3019173 Patent:US3301899 VSDB:1739 Wikipedia:Tetracycline (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide TETRACYCLINE Tetracycline tetracycline (4S,4aS,5aS,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide Abramycin Achromycin Anhydrotetracycline Deschlorobiomycin Liquamycin Tetracyclin Tetrazyklin Tsiklomitsin tetracycline tetracyclinum tetracycline (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide IUPAC TETRACYCLINE PDBeChem Tetracycline KEGG_COMPOUND tetracycline ChEBI (4S,4aS,5aS,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide ChemIDplus Abramycin ChemIDplus Achromycin ChEBI Anhydrotetracycline DrugBank Deschlorobiomycin ChemIDplus Liquamycin ChemIDplus Tetracyclin ChEBI Tetrazyklin ChEBI Tsiklomitsin ChemIDplus tetracycline ChemIDplus tetracyclinum ChemIDplus An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring. KEGG:C03438 Wikipedia:Beta-lactam_antibiotic beta-Lactam antibiotics beta-lactam antibiotics beta-lactam antibiotic beta-Lactam antibiotics KEGG_COMPOUND beta-lactam antibiotics ChEBI An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. KEGG:C02057 Wikipedia:Phenylalanine 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid Phenylalanine phenylalanine DL-Phenylalanine F PHE Phenylalanin alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid fenilalanina phenylalanine 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid IUPAC Phenylalanine KEGG_COMPOUND phenylalanine ChEBI phenylalanine IUPAC DL-Phenylalanine KEGG_COMPOUND F ChEBI PHE ChEBI Phenylalanin ChEBI alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND fenilalanina ChEBI COMe:MOL000085 DrugBank:DB03614 KEGG:C06453 KEGG:D03246 PDBeChem:COB Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-methylcobamide Methylcobalamin methylcobalamin CO-METHYLCOBALAMIN MeCbl mecobalamin methylcob(III)alamin methylcobalamin Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-Cobeta-methylcobamide IUPAC Methylcobalamin KEGG_COMPOUND methylcobalamin CBN CO-METHYLCOBALAMIN PDBeChem MeCbl CBN mecobalamin ChEBI methylcob(III)alamin UniProt An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose. KEGG:C01582 Wikipedia:Galactose Galactose galacto-hexose galactose Gal Galaktose galactose Galactose KEGG_COMPOUND galacto-hexose IUPAC galactose IUPAC Gal JCBN Galaktose ChEBI KEGG:C04025 alpha,omega-Dicarboxylic acid alpha(omega)-Dicarboxylic acid alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid alpha,omega-Dicarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND alpha(omega)-Dicarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids ChEBI Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. KEGG:C01628 MetaCyc:CPD-11501 Wikipedia:Vitamin_K Vitamin K vitamin K vitamer vitamin K vitamers vitamine K vitamins K vitamin K Vitamin K KEGG_COMPOUND vitamin K vitamer ChEBI vitamin K vitamers ChEBI vitamine K ChEBI vitamins K ChEBI A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. HMDB:HMDB0003993 KEGG:C05433 KNApSAcK:C00003765 alpha-Carotene alpha-carotene beta,epsilon-carotene all-trans-alpha-carotene alpha-carotene alpha-Carotene KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-carotene UniProt beta,epsilon-carotene IUPAC all-trans-alpha-carotene ChemIDplus A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. DrugBank:DB04261 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure carbamic acid CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI KEGG:C06262 WebElements:P phosphorus 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus phosphorus atom phosphorus IUPAC 15P IUPAC P IUPAC P KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphor ChEBI Phosphorus KEGG_COMPOUND fosforo ChEBI phosphore ChEBI phosphorus ChEBI A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose. DrugBank:DB04173 KEGG:C01496 Wikipedia:Fructose Fructose arabino-hex-2-ulose fructose Fru Fruchtzucker Fruktose arabino-Hexulose fructose Fructose KEGG_COMPOUND arabino-hex-2-ulose IUPAC fructose IUPAC Fru JCBN Fruchtzucker ChEBI Fruktose ChEBI arabino-Hexulose KEGG_COMPOUND DrugBank:DB00137 HMDB:HMDB0003233 KEGG:C08601 KNApSAcK:C00003776 MetaCyc:CPD1F-119 PDBeChem:LUT Wikipedia:Lutein (3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol Lutein lutein (3R,3'R,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-DIHYDRO-BETA,BETA-CAROTENE-3,3'-DIOL Bo-Xan E 161b Xanthophyll lutein (3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol IUPAC Lutein KEGG_COMPOUND lutein UniProt (3R,3'R,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-DIHYDRO-BETA,BETA-CAROTENE-3,3'-DIOL PDBeChem Bo-Xan ChemIDplus E 161b ChEBI Xanthophyll KEGG_COMPOUND The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid. KEGG:C02403 Fatty acid anion Alkanate Fettsaeureanion Fettsaeureanionen a fatty acid acido graso anionico acidos grasos anionicos anion de l'acide gras fatty acid anions fatty acid anion Fatty acid anion KEGG_COMPOUND Alkanate KEGG_COMPOUND Fettsaeureanion ChEBI Fettsaeureanionen ChEBI a fatty acid UniProt acido graso anionico ChEBI acidos grasos anionicos ChEBI anion de l'acide gras ChEBI fatty acid anions ChEBI An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium azanium Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion ammonium ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium cation ChemIDplus ammonium ion PDBeChem An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. DrugBank:DB06151 HMDB:HMDB0001890 KEGG:C06809 KEGG:D00221 LINCS:LSM-4672 MetaCyc:CPD-9175 PDBeChem:SC2 Wikipedia:Acetylcysteine N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE N-acetyl-L-cysteine (2R)-2-acetylamino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid (R)-2-acetylamino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (R)-mercapturic acid Acetylcysteine L-acetylcysteine L-alpha-acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic acid N-acetyl-L-(+)-cysteine N-acetylcysteine NAC acetilcisteina acetylcysteinum mercapturic acid N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE PDBeChem N-acetyl-L-cysteine IUPAC (2R)-2-acetylamino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid IUPAC (R)-2-acetylamino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid ChEBI (R)-mercapturic acid ChemIDplus Acetylcysteine KEGG_COMPOUND L-acetylcysteine ChemIDplus L-alpha-acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N-acetyl-L-(+)-cysteine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N-acetylcysteine ChemIDplus NAC ChEBI acetilcisteina ChemIDplus acetylcysteinum ChemIDplus mercapturic acid ChemIDplus A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. dicarboxylic acid dianion a dicarboxylate dicarboxylate dicarboxylates dicarboxylic acid dianions dicarboxylic acid dianion dicarboxylic acid dianion ChEBI a dicarboxylate UniProt dicarboxylate ChEBI dicarboxylates ChEBI dicarboxylic acid dianions ChEBI KEGG:C01353 PDBeChem:CO3 Carbonic acid carbonic acid dihydroxidooxidocarbon Dihydrogen carbonate H2CO3 Koehlensaeure [CO(OH)2] carbonic acid Carbonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbonic acid IUPAC dihydroxidooxidocarbon IUPAC Dihydrogen carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND H2CO3 IUPAC H2CO3 KEGG_COMPOUND Koehlensaeure ChEBI [CO(OH)2] IUPAC An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. KEGG:C02385 Wikipedia:L-Arginine Arginine arginine 2-Amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid Arginin Harg arginine Arginine KEGG_COMPOUND arginine IUPAC 2-Amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid IUPAC 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid JCBN Arginin ChEBI Harg IUPAC A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MetaCyc:PANTOTHENATE (R)-Pantothenate (R)-pantothenate 3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoate (R)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-beta-alanine, ion(1-) pantothenate (R)-pantothenate (R)-Pantothenate KEGG_COMPOUND (R)-pantothenate UniProt 3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoate IUPAC (R)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-beta-alanine, ion(1-) ChemIDplus pantothenate ChemIDplus keratan The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. KEGG:C01330 PDBeChem:NA sodium cation sodium(1+) sodium(1+) ion sodium(I) cation Na(+) Na+ SODIUM ION sodium(1+) sodium cation IUPAC sodium(1+) IUPAC sodium(1+) ion IUPAC sodium(I) cation IUPAC Na(+) IUPAC Na(+) UniProt Na+ KEGG_COMPOUND SODIUM ION PDBeChem KEGG:C00076 PDBeChem:CA calcium(2+) calcium(2+) ion calcium(II) cation CALCIUM ION Ca(2+) Ca2+ calcium, doubly charged positive ion calcium(2+) calcium(2+) IUPAC calcium(2+) ion IUPAC calcium(II) cation IUPAC CALCIUM ION PDBeChem Ca(2+) IUPAC Ca(2+) UniProt Ca2+ KEGG_COMPOUND calcium, doubly charged positive ion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hydridohydroxidodioxidosulfur sulfonic acid HSHO3 Sulfonsaeure [SHO2(OH)] acide sulfonique sulphonic acid sulfonic acid hydridohydroxidodioxidosulfur IUPAC sulfonic acid IUPAC HSHO3 IUPAC Sulfonsaeure ChEBI [SHO2(OH)] IUPAC acide sulfonique ChEBI sulphonic acid ChEBI A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms. KEGG:C16487 Hydrogen fluoride fluorane fluoridohydrogen hydrogen fluoride Fluoride Fluorwasserstoff HF Hydrogenfluorid [HF] fluorure d'hydrogene hydrofluoric acid hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND fluorane IUPAC fluoridohydrogen IUPAC hydrogen fluoride IUPAC Fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND Fluorwasserstoff ChEBI HF IUPAC Hydrogenfluorid ChEBI [HF] IUPAC fluorure d'hydrogene ChEBI hydrofluoric acid ChemIDplus amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) NH2(-) azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) NH(2-) imide hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid. monocarboxylic acid amides monocarboxylic acid amide monocarboxylic acid amides ChEBI A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of cholic acid. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate cholate 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate cholate 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate IUPAC cholate UniProt 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate ChEBI An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group MetaCyc:GLT L-glutamate(1-) hydrogen L-glutamate (2S)-2-ammoniopentanedioate L-glutamate L-glutamic acid monoanion L-glutamic acid, ion(1-) L-glutamate(1-) L-glutamate(1-) JCBN hydrogen L-glutamate IUPAC (2S)-2-ammoniopentanedioate IUPAC L-glutamate ChEBI L-glutamate UniProt L-glutamic acid monoanion JCBN L-glutamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of D-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group MetaCyc:D-GLT D-glutamate(1-) hydrogen D-glutamate (2R)-2-ammoniopentanedioate D-glutamate D-glutamic acid monoanion D-glutamate(1-) D-glutamate(1-) JCBN hydrogen D-glutamate IUPAC (2R)-2-ammoniopentanedioate IUPAC D-glutamate UniProt D-glutamic acid monoanion JCBN A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is the conjugate base of glutamate(1-). 2-aminopentanedioate glutamate glutamate(2-) glutamic acid dianion glutamate(2-) 2-aminopentanedioate IUPAC glutamate IUPAC glutamate(2-) JCBN glutamic acid dianion JCBN An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the dianion obtained by the deprotonation of the both the carboxy groups of L-glutamic acid. (2S)-2-aminopentanedioate L-glutamate L-glutamate(2-) L-glutamic acid dianion L-glutamate(2-) (2S)-2-aminopentanedioate IUPAC L-glutamate IUPAC L-glutamate(2-) JCBN L-glutamic acid dianion JCBN (2R)-2-aminopentanedioate D-glutamate D-glutamate(2-) D-glutamic acid dianion D-glutamate(2-) (2R)-2-aminopentanedioate IUPAC D-glutamate IUPAC D-glutamate(2-) JCBN D-glutamic acid dianion JCBN A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. DrugBank:DB03166 KEGG:C00033 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT Wikipedia:Acetate acetate ACETATE ION Azetat CH3-COO(-) Ethanoat MeCO2 anion acetic acid, ion(1-) ethanoate acetate acetate IUPAC acetate UniProt ACETATE ION PDBeChem Azetat ChEBI CH3-COO(-) IUPAC Ethanoat ChEBI MeCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acetic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus ethanoate ChEBI isopropyl propan-2-yl (CH3)2CH- -CH(CH3)2 1-methylethyl iPr valine side-chain isopropyl group isopropyl IUPAC propan-2-yl IUPAC (CH3)2CH- IUPAC -CH(CH3)2 ChEBI 1-methylethyl IUPAC iPr CBN valine side-chain ChEBI 2-methylpropan-1-ido 2-methylpropyl isobutyl (CH3)2CH-CH2- -CH2-CH(CH3)2 iBu leucine side-chain isobutyl group 2-methylpropan-1-ido IUPAC 2-methylpropyl IUPAC isobutyl IUPAC (CH3)2CH-CH2- IUPAC -CH2-CH(CH3)2 ChEBI iBu CBN leucine side-chain ChEBI An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. KEGG:D04623 Wikipedia:Isobutane 2-methylpropane isobutane (CH3)2CH-CH3 E943b R-600a isobutane 2-methylpropane IUPAC isobutane IUPAC (CH3)2CH-CH3 IUPAC E943b ChEBI R-600a ChEBI A cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide that is cobalamin with the oxidation state of the central cobalt atom unspecified. COMe:MOL000036 PDBeChem:B12 COBALAMIN Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-cobamide cobalamin cobalamin COBALAMIN PDBeChem Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-cobamide IUPAC cobalamin IUPAC KEGG:C00572 Divalent cation divalent inorganic cations monoatomic dications monoatomic dication Divalent cation KEGG_COMPOUND divalent inorganic cations ChEBI monoatomic dications ChEBI A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. COMe:MOL000025 DrugBank:DB03014 KEGG:C00032 heme hemes Haem haem haeme hem hemos heme heme IUPAC heme IUPAC heme UniProt hemes IUPAC Haem ChEBI haem ChEBI haem IUPAC haeme IUPAC hem IUPAC hemos IUPAC A derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. KEGG:C00176 Flavin flavins flavin Flavin KEGG_COMPOUND flavins IUPAC A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of oxalic acid. KEGG:C00209 PDBeChem:OXL ethanedioate OXALATE ION ethanedioic acid, ion(2-) ox oxalate oxalate(2-) ethanedioate IUPAC OXALATE ION PDBeChem ethanedioic acid, ion(2-) ChemIDplus ox IUPAC oxalate UniProt The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. BPDB:1749 DrugBank:DB01942 HMDB:HMDB0000142 KEGG:C00058 KNApSAcK:C00001182 MetaCyc:FORMATE PDBeChem:FMT Patent:CN101481304 Wikipedia:Formic_acid FORMIC ACID Formic acid formic acid Acide formique Ameisensaeure H-COOH HCO2H HCOOH Methanoic acid aminic acid bilorin formylic acid hydrogen carboxylic acid methoic acid formic acid FORMIC ACID PDBeChem Formic acid KEGG_COMPOUND formic acid IUPAC Acide formique ChemIDplus Ameisensaeure ChemIDplus H-COOH IUPAC HCO2H ChEBI HCOOH NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Methanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND aminic acid ChemIDplus bilorin ChemIDplus formylic acid ChemIDplus hydrogen carboxylic acid ChemIDplus methoic acid ChEBI A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. DrugBank:DB03766 KEGG:C00163 KEGG:D02310 PDBeChem:PPI PPDB:1341 Propionic acid propanoic acid propionic acid CH3-CH2-COOH PA PROPANOIC ACID Propanoic acid Propionsaeure acide propanoique acide propionique carboxyethane ethanecarboxylic acid ethylformic acid metacetonic acid methylacetic acid propioic acid propoic acid pseudoacetic acid propionic acid Propionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND propanoic acid IUPAC propionic acid IUPAC CH3-CH2-COOH IUPAC PA ChEBI PROPANOIC ACID PDBeChem Propanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Propionsaeure ChEBI acide propanoique ChEBI acide propionique NIST_Chemistry_WebBook carboxyethane ChemIDplus ethanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus ethylformic acid ChemIDplus metacetonic acid ChemIDplus methylacetic acid ChemIDplus propioic acid LIPID_MAPS propoic acid ChEBI pseudoacetic acid ChemIDplus A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. DrugBank:DB03568 HMDB:HMDB0000039 KEGG:C00246 KNApSAcK:C00001180 MetaCyc:BUTYRIC_ACID PDBeChem:BUA Wikipedia:Butyric_acid Butyric acid butanoic acid butyric acid 1-butanoic acid 1-butyric acid 1-propanecarboxylic acid 4:0 BUTANOIC ACID Butanoate Butanoic acid Buttersaeure C4:0 CH3-[CH2]2-COOH acide butanoique acide butyrique butanic acid butoic acid ethylacetic acid n-butanoic acid n-butyric acid propanecarboxylic acid propylformic acid butyric acid Butyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND butanoic acid IUPAC butyric acid IUPAC 1-butanoic acid HMDB 1-butyric acid HMDB 1-propanecarboxylic acid MetaCyc 4:0 ChEBI BUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem Butanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Butanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Buttersaeure ChEBI C4:0 ChEBI CH3-[CH2]2-COOH IUPAC acide butanoique IUPAC acide butyrique ChEBI butanic acid ChEBI butoic acid ChEBI ethylacetic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook propanecarboxylic acid HMDB propylformic acid MetaCyc A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. ECMDB:ECMDB21229 HMDB:HMDB0000535 KEGG:C01585 KNApSAcK:C00001218 MetaCyc:HEXANOATE PDBeChem:6NA Wikipedia:Hexanoic_acid YMDB:YMDB01424 HEXANOIC ACID Hexanoic acid hexanoic acid 1-hexanoic acid 1-pentanecarboxylic acid 6:0 C6:0 CH3-[CH2]4-COOH Hexanoate Hexylic acid Pentanecarboxylic acid butylacetic acid caproic acid capronic acid hexoic acid n-Caproic acid n-hexanoic acid n-hexoic acid n-hexylic acid pentiformic acid pentylformic acid hexanoic acid HEXANOIC ACID PDBeChem Hexanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND hexanoic acid IUPAC 1-hexanoic acid ChemIDplus 1-pentanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus 6:0 ChEBI C6:0 ChEBI CH3-[CH2]4-COOH IUPAC Hexanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Hexylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Pentanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus butylacetic acid ChemIDplus caproic acid ChEBI capronic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hexoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-Caproic acid KEGG_COMPOUND n-hexanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-hexoic acid ChemIDplus n-hexylic acid ChemIDplus pentiformic acid ChemIDplus pentylformic acid ChemIDplus A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. KEGG:C00069 Alcohol alcohols an alcohol alcohol Alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND alcohols IUPAC an alcohol UniProt KEGG:C02954 (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate 6-aminopenicillanate (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate IUPAC Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. KEGG:C01558 Bile acid 5beta-bile acid 5beta-bile acids Bile salt Gallensaeure Gallensaeuren bile acids bile acid Bile acid KEGG_COMPOUND 5beta-bile acid ChEBI 5beta-bile acids ChEBI Bile salt KEGG_COMPOUND Gallensaeure ChEBI Gallensaeuren ChEBI bile acids ChEBI A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valeric acid; present in ester form as component of many steroid-based pharmaceuticals. pentanoate CH3-[CH2]3-COO(-) n-propylacetate pentanoate pentanoic acid, ion(1-) valerate pentanoate IUPAC CH3-[CH2]3-COO(-) IUPAC n-propylacetate ChEBI pentanoate UniProt pentanoic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin. DrugBank:DB00799 HMDB:HMDB0014937 KEGG:C12531 KEGG:D01132 Patent:EP284288 Patent:US5089509 Wikipedia:Tazarotene ethyl 6-[(4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thiochromen-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate Avage Tazorac Zorac tazarotene tazaroteno tazarotenum tazarotene ethyl 6-[(4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thiochromen-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate IUPAC Avage ChemIDplus Tazorac DrugBank Zorac DrugBank tazarotene ChEBI tazarotene ChemIDplus tazaroteno ChEBI tazarotenum ChEBI The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-). L-cysteinate(1-) hydrogen L-cysteinate (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate L-cysteine anion L-cysteine monoanion L-cysteinate(1-) L-cysteinate(1-) JCBN hydrogen L-cysteinate IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC L-cysteine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook L-cysteine monoanion JCBN The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-). L-cysteinate L-cysteinate(2-) (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate L-cysteine dianion L-cysteinate(2-) L-cysteinate IUPAC L-cysteinate(2-) JCBN (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate IUPAC L-cysteine dianion JCBN The L-enantiomer of cysteinium. L-cysteinium (1R)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium (1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium L-cysteine cation L-cysteinium(1+) L-cysteinium L-cysteinium IUPAC (1R)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium ChEBI (1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium IUPAC L-cysteine cation JCBN L-cysteinium(1+) ChEBI The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-). D-cysteinate(1-) hydrogen D-cysteinate (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate D-cysteine monoanion D-cysteinate(1-) D-cysteinate(1-) JCBN hydrogen D-cysteinate IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC D-cysteine monoanion JCBN The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-). D-cysteinate D-cysteinate(2-) (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate D-cysteine dianion D-cysteinate(2-) D-cysteinate IUPAC D-cysteinate(2-) JCBN (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate IUPAC D-cysteine dianion JCBN The D-enantiomer of cysteinium. D-cysteinium (1S)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium (1S)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium D-cysteine cation D-cysteinium D-cysteinium IUPAC (1S)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium ChEBI (1S)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium IUPAC D-cysteine cation JCBN A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of cysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. cysteinate(1-) hydrogen cysteinate 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate cys(-) cysteine monoanion cysteinate(1-) cysteinate(1-) JCBN hydrogen cysteinate IUPAC 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC cys(-) IUPAC cysteine monoanion JCBN cysteinate cysteinate(2-) 2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate cysteine dianion cysteinate(2-) cysteinate IUPAC cysteinate(2-) JCBN 2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate IUPAC cysteine dianion JCBN 1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium cysteinium 1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium H2cys(+) cysteine cation cysteinium 1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium IUPAC cysteinium JCBN 1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium ChEBI H2cys(+) IUPAC cysteine cation JCBN An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenylalanine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. phenylalaninate 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate phenylalanine anion phenylalaninate phenylalaninate IUPAC 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate IUPAC phenylalanine anion JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of phenylalanine, arising from protonation of the amino group. phenylalaninium 1-carboxy-2-phenylethanaminium phenylalanine cation phenylalaninium phenylalaninium IUPAC 1-carboxy-2-phenylethanaminium IUPAC phenylalanine cation JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of glycine, arising from protonation of the amino. glycinium H2gly(+) NH3(+)-CH2-COOH carboxymethanaminium glycine cation glycinium glycinium IUPAC H2gly(+) IUPAC NH3(+)-CH2-COOH IUPAC carboxymethanaminium IUPAC glycine cation JCBN An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glycine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. glycinate H2N-CH2-COO(-) aminoacetate gly(-) glycine anion glycinate glycinate IUPAC H2N-CH2-COO(-) IUPAC aminoacetate IUPAC gly(-) IUPAC glycine anion JCBN A pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. KEGG:C00253 MetaCyc:NIACINE nicotinate pyridine-3-carboxylate 3-pyridinecarboxylate nicotinate nicotinate UniProt pyridine-3-carboxylate IUPAC 3-pyridinecarboxylate ChEBI An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of lysine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. lysinate 2,6-diaminohexanoate lys(-) lysinate(1-) lysine anion lysinate lysinate IUPAC 2,6-diaminohexanoate IUPAC lys(-) IUPAC lysinate(1-) ChEBI lysine anion JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of lysine, having two cationic amino groups and an anionic carboxy group. lysinium lysinium(1+) 2,6-diammoniohexanoate lysine monocation lysinium(1+) lysinium IUPAC lysinium(1+) JCBN 2,6-diammoniohexanoate IUPAC lysine monocation JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation obtained by protonation of both amino groups of lysine. lysinediium lysinium(2+) 1-carboxypentane-1,5-diaminium lysine dication lysinium(2+) lysinediium IUPAC lysinium(2+) JCBN 1-carboxypentane-1,5-diaminium IUPAC lysine dication JCBN WebElements:Ba barium 56Ba Ba Barium bario barium baryum barium atom barium IUPAC 56Ba IUPAC Ba IUPAC Barium ChEBI bario ChEBI barium ChEBI baryum ChEBI An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. Wikipedia:Tetracene tetracene 2,3-benzanthracene benz[b]anthracene naphthacene tetracene tetracene IUPAC 2,3-benzanthracene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook benz[b]anthracene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook naphthacene IUPAC isoleucinate ile(-) isoleucine anion rel-(2R,3R)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoate isoleucinate isoleucinate IUPAC ile(-) IUPAC isoleucine anion JCBN rel-(2R,3R)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoate IUPAC isoleucinium H2ile(+) isoleucine cation rel-(1R,2R)-1-carboxy-2-methylbutan-1-aminium isoleucinium isoleucinium IUPAC H2ile(+) IUPAC isoleucine cation JCBN rel-(1R,2R)-1-carboxy-2-methylbutan-1-aminium IUPAC An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of leucine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. leucinate 2-amino-4-methylpentanoate leu(-) leucine anion leucinate leucinate IUPAC 2-amino-4-methylpentanoate IUPAC leu(-) IUPAC leucine anion JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of leucine, arising from protonation of the amino group. leucinium 1-carboxy-3-methylbutan-1-aminium H2leu(+) leucine cation leucinium leucinium IUPAC 1-carboxy-3-methylbutan-1-aminium IUPAC H2leu(+) IUPAC leucine cation JCBN The L-enantiomer of methioninate. L-methioninate (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate L-methionine anion L-methioninate L-methioninate IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC L-methionine anion JCBN The L-enantiomer of methioninium. L-methioninium (1S)-1-carboxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-aminium L-methionine cation L-methioninium L-methioninium IUPAC (1S)-1-carboxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-aminium IUPAC L-methionine cation JCBN The D-enantiomer of methioninate. D-methioninate (2R)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate D-methionine anion D-methioninate D-methioninate IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC D-methionine anion JCBN The D-enantiomer of methioninium. D-methioninium (1R)-1-carboxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-aminium D-methionine cation D-methioninium D-methioninium IUPAC (1R)-1-carboxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-aminium IUPAC D-methionine cation JCBN A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of methionine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. methioninate 2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate met(-) methionine anion methioninate methioninate IUPAC 2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC met(-) IUPAC methionine anion JCBN A sulfur-containing amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of methionine, arising from protonation of the amino group. methioninium 1-carboxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-aminium H2met(+) methionine cation methioninium methioninium IUPAC 1-carboxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-aminium IUPAC H2met(+) IUPAC methionine cation JCBN argininate 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoate 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoate arg(-) arginine anion argininate argininate IUPAC 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoate IUPAC 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoate JCBN arg(-) IUPAC arginine anion JCBN argininium argininium(1+) 2-ammonio-5-guanidiniopentanoate H2arg(+) arginine arginine monocation argininium(1+) argininium IUPAC argininium(1+) JCBN 2-ammonio-5-guanidiniopentanoate JCBN H2arg(+) IUPAC arginine UniProt arginine monocation JCBN argininediium argininium(2+) (1-carboxy-4-guanidiniobutyl)ammonium H3arg(2+) arginine dication argininium(2+) argininediium IUPAC argininium(2+) JCBN (1-carboxy-4-guanidiniobutyl)ammonium ChEBI H3arg(2+) IUPAC arginine dication JCBN An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tyrosine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. hydrogen tyrosinate tyrosinate(1-) 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate tyrosine anion tyrosinate(1-) hydrogen tyrosinate IUPAC tyrosinate(1-) JCBN 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate IUPAC tyrosine anion JCBN tyrosinate tyrosinate(2-) 2-amino-3-(4-oxidophenyl)propanoate tyrosine dianion tyrosinate(2-) tyrosinate IUPAC tyrosinate(2-) JCBN 2-amino-3-(4-oxidophenyl)propanoate IUPAC tyrosine dianion JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tyrosine, arising from protonation of the amino group. tyrosinium 1-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium tyrosine cation tyrosinium tyrosinium IUPAC 1-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium IUPAC tyrosine cation JCBN A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. DrugBank:DB00119 ECMDB:ECMDB00243 HMDB:HMDB0000243 KEGG:C00022 KNApSAcK:C00001200 MetaCyc:PYRUVATE PDBeChem:PYR Wikipedia:Pyruvic_acid YMDB:YMDB00175 2-oxopropanoic acid PYRUVIC ACID Pyruvic acid pyruvic acid 2-Oxopropanoic acid 2-Oxopropansaeure 2-Oxopropionsaeure 2-ketopropionic acid 2-oxopropanoic acid Acetylformic acid BTS Brenztraubensaeure CH3COCOOH Pyroracemic acid acetylformic acid acide pyruvique alpha-Oxopropionsaeure alpha-ketopropionic acid pyruvic acid 2-oxopropanoic acid IUPAC PYRUVIC ACID PDBeChem Pyruvic acid KEGG_COMPOUND pyruvic acid ChEBI 2-Oxopropanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-Oxopropansaeure ChemIDplus 2-Oxopropionsaeure ChemIDplus 2-ketopropionic acid ChemIDplus 2-oxopropanoic acid ChEBI Acetylformic acid HMDB BTS ChemIDplus Brenztraubensaeure ChEBI CH3COCOOH NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Pyroracemic acid KEGG_COMPOUND acetylformic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acide pyruvique ChEBI alpha-Oxopropionsaeure ChemIDplus alpha-ketopropionic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A serinate that is the conjugate base of L-serine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. L-serinate (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate L-serine anion L-serinate L-serinate IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate IUPAC L-serine anion JCBN A serinium that is the conjugate acid of L-serine, obtained by protonation of the amino group. L-serinium (1S)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethanaminium L-serine cation L-serinium L-serinium IUPAC (1S)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethanaminium IUPAC L-serine cation JCBN The D-enantiomer of serinate. D-serinate (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate D-serine anion D-serinate D-serinate IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate IUPAC D-serine anion JCBN The D-enantiomer of serinium. D-serinium (1R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethanaminium D-serine cation D-serinium D-serinium IUPAC (1R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethanaminium IUPAC D-serine cation JCBN An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of serine. serinate 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate serine anion serinate serinate IUPAC 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate IUPAC serine anion JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of serine. serinium 1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethanaminium serine cation serinium serinium IUPAC 1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethanaminium IUPAC serine cation JCBN valinate 2-amino-3-methylbutanoate val(-) valine anion valinate valinate IUPAC 2-amino-3-methylbutanoate IUPAC val(-) IUPAC valine anion JCBN valinium 1-carboxy-2-methylpropan-1-aminium H2val(+) valine cation valinium valinium IUPAC 1-carboxy-2-methylpropan-1-aminium IUPAC H2val(+) IUPAC valine cation JCBN A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. KEGG:C02196 Tertiary amine tertiary amines R3N tertiaeres Amin tertiary amine Tertiary amine KEGG_COMPOUND tertiary amines IUPAC R3N IUPAC tertiaeres Amin ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group. KEGG:C00375 KEGG:C00893 KEGG:C02580 Primary amine primary amines Primary monoamine R-NH2 RCH2NH2 primaeres Amin primary amine Primary amine KEGG_COMPOUND primary amines IUPAC Primary monoamine KEGG_COMPOUND R-NH2 IUPAC RCH2NH2 KEGG_COMPOUND primaeres Amin ChEBI propane CH3-CH2-CH3 E944 Propan propane propane IUPAC propane UniProt CH3-CH2-CH3 IUPAC E944 ChEBI Propan ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. KEGG:C00706 Amine amines Amin Substituted amine amine Amine KEGG_COMPOUND amines IUPAC Amin ChEBI Substituted amine KEGG_COMPOUND 2,5-diaminopentanoate ornithinate ornithine anion ornithinate 2,5-diaminopentanoate IUPAC ornithinate IUPAC ornithine anion JCBN An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. KEGG:C00241 Amide amides amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. BPDB:108 DrugBank:DB06724 KEGG:C08129 KEGG:D00932 PPDB:108 Wikipedia:Calcium_carbonate Calcium carbonate calcium carbonate calcium trioxidocarbonate CaCO3 Calciumcarbonat E 170 Kalziumkarbonat Precipitated calcium carbonate calcium carbonate (1:1) carbonate de calcium carbonato de calcio carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) kohlensaurer Kalk calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND calcium carbonate IUPAC calcium trioxidocarbonate IUPAC CaCO3 IUPAC Calciumcarbonat ChEBI E 170 ChEBI Kalziumkarbonat ChEBI Precipitated calcium carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND calcium carbonate (1:1) ChemIDplus carbonate de calcium ChEBI carbonato de calcio ChEBI carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) ChemIDplus kohlensaurer Kalk ChEBI A benzopyran consisting of a pyran ring having a benzene ring ortho-fused across positions 2 and 3. 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene chromane 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyran Chroman chromane 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene IUPAC chromane IUPAC 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyran ChEBI Chroman NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A biochemical role played by any micronutrient that is an organic compound. Vitamins are present in foods in small amounts and are essential to normal metabolism and biochemical functions, usually as coenzymes. The term "vitamines" (from vita + amines) was coined in 1912 by Casimir Funk, who believed that these compounds were amines. Wikipedia:Vitamin vitamin vitamina vitaminas vitamine vitamines vitamins vitaminum vitamin (role) vitamin ChEBI vitamina ChEBI vitaminas ChEBI vitamine ChEBI vitamines ChEBI vitamins ChEBI vitaminum ChEBI A substance that kills or slows the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. antitubercular antitubercular agents antitubercular drug antitubercular drugs tuberculostatic agent antitubercular agent antitubercular ChEBI antitubercular agents ChEBI antitubercular drug ChEBI antitubercular drugs ChEBI tuberculostatic agent ChEBI Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle elementary particles fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen. MetaCyc:Vitamin-E Wikipedia:Vitamin_E vitamin E vitamin E vitamer vitamin E vitamers vitamin-E vitamins E vitamin E vitamin E ChemIDplus vitamin E vitamer ChEBI vitamin E vitamers ChEBI vitamin-E ChEBI vitamins E ChEBI A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. atomic entity monoatomic entities monoatomic entity atomic entity ChEBI monoatomic entities ChEBI An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands). coordination entities coordination entity coordination compounds coordination entity coordination entities IUPAC coordination entity IUPAC coordination compounds ChEBI oxoacid derivatives oxoacid derivative oxoacid derivatives ChEBI inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. organic fundamental parents organic parent hydrides organic fundamental parent organic fundamental parents ChEBI organic parent hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. inorganic groups inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. organic groups organic group organic groups ChEBI A univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon. hydrocarbyl group hydrocarbyl groups groupe hydrocarbyle grupo hidrocarbilo grupos hidrocarbilo hydrocarbyl group hydrocarbyl group IUPAC hydrocarbyl groups IUPAC groupe hydrocarbyle IUPAC grupo hidrocarbilo IUPAC grupos hidrocarbilo IUPAC Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom atome atomo atoms atomus element elements atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides primary amide primary amide IUPAC primary amides IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. Wikipedia:Organosulfur_compounds organosulfur compound organosulfur compounds organosulfur compound organosulfur compound ChEBI organosulfur compounds ChEBI An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anions polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI chemical messenger molecular messenger chemical messenger ChEBI A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. Antibiotika Antibiotikum antibiotic antibiotics antibiotique antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antimicrobials microbicide microbicides antimicrobial agent Antibiotika ChEBI Antibiotikum ChEBI antibiotic ChEBI antibiotics ChEBI antibiotique IUPAC antimicrobial ChEBI antimicrobial agents ChEBI antimicrobials ChEBI microbicide ChEBI microbicides ChEBI A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. antibacterial agents antibacterials bactericide bactericides antibacterial agent antibacterial agents ChEBI antibacterials ChEBI bactericide ChEBI bactericides ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. nutrients nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. Wikipedia:Agrochemical agrichemical agrichemicals agricultural chemicals agrochemicals agrochemical agrichemical ChEBI agrichemicals ChEBI agricultural chemicals ChEBI agrochemicals ChEBI A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. fertiliser fertilizers fertilizer fertiliser ChEBI fertilizers ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance of either plant, animal or artificial origin which contains essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to provide energy, promote growth, and maintain the processes of life. food material food materials food role foods foodstuff foodstuffs food food material ChEBI food materials ChEBI food role ChEBI foods ChEBI foodstuff ChEBI foodstuffs ChEBI An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy. fuel A substance administered to aid diagnosis of a disease. diagnostic aid diagnostic agent diagnostic aid ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. alkali metal molecular entities alkali metal molecular entity alkali metal molecular entities ChEBI An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal. alkaline earth molecular entity alkaline earth compounds alkaline earth molecular entities alkaline-earth compounds alkaline earth molecular entity alkaline earth molecular entity ChEBI alkaline earth compounds ChEBI alkaline earth molecular entities ChEBI alkaline-earth compounds ChEBI Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entities pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen chalcogens Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements chalcogen chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI group 14 elements carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. KEGG:C02391 Wikipedia:Ester Carboxylic ester carboxylic esters a carboxylic ester carboxylic acid esters carboxylic ester Carboxylic ester KEGG_COMPOUND carboxylic esters IUPAC a carboxylic ester UniProt carboxylic acid esters ChEBI An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI group 12 elements zinc group element zinc group elements zinc group element atom group 12 elements IUPAC zinc group element ChEBI zinc group elements ChEBI group 8 elements iron group element iron group elements iron group element atom group 8 elements IUPAC iron group element ChEBI iron group elements ChEBI group 9 elements cobalt group element cobalt group elements cobalt group element atom group 9 elements IUPAC cobalt group element ChEBI cobalt group elements ChEBI A serine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-serine. MetaCyc:SER (2S)-2-ammonio-3-hydroxypropanoate L-serine zwitterion L-serine L-serine zwitterion (2S)-2-ammonio-3-hydroxypropanoate IUPAC L-serine zwitterion IUPAC L-serine UniProt oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids sulfur oxoacid oxoacids of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoacids ChEBI A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). hydracid hydracids hydracid hydracid IUPAC hydracids ChEBI pnictogen oxoacids pnictogen oxoacid pnictogen oxoacids ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivatives sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivative ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivatives ChEBI monoatomic monoanions monoatomic monoanion monoatomic monoanions ChEBI elemental halogen elemental halogens elemental halogen elemental halogen ChEBI elemental halogens ChEBI Arylmethyl groups and derivatives formed by substitution: ArCR2-. benzylic group benzylic groups benzylic groups groupe benzylique benzylic group benzylic group IUPAC benzylic groups IUPAC benzylic groups ChEBI groupe benzylique IUPAC A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. phosphorus oxoacid Oxosaeure des Phosphors oxoacids of phosphorus phosphorus oxoacids phosphorus oxoacid phosphorus oxoacid ChEBI Oxosaeure des Phosphors ChEBI oxoacids of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoacids ChEBI pnictogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanions pnictogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanion ChEBI pnictogen oxoanions ChEBI phosphorus oxoanion oxoanions of phosphorus phosphorus oxoanions phosphorus oxoanion phosphorus oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoanions ChEBI sulfur oxoanion oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions sulfur oxoanion sulfur oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoanions ChEBI chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacids chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacid ChEBI chalcogen oxoacids ChEBI chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanions chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanion ChEBI chalcogen oxoanions ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity transition element molecular entity transition element molecular entities ChEBI transition metal molecular entity ChEBI alkali metal cations alkali metal cation alkali metal cations ChEBI alkaline earth cations alkaline earth metal cation alkaline-earth metal cations alkaline earth cation alkaline earth cations ChEBI alkaline earth metal cation ChEBI alkaline-earth metal cations ChEBI transition element cations transition metal cation transition element cation transition element cations ChEBI transition metal cation ChEBI An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. KEGG:C00050 Wikipedia:Metal elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals metal atom elemental metal ChEBI elemental metals ChEBI metal element ChEBI metal elements ChEBI metals ChEBI The sulfur oxoanion formed by deprotonation of sulfonic acid. hydridotrioxidosulfate(1-) SHO3(-) [SHO3](-) sulfonates sulfonate hydridotrioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC SHO3(-) IUPAC [SHO3](-) IUPAC sulfonates ChEBI sulfonic acid derivative derivatives of sulfonic acid sulfonic acid derivatives sulfonic acid derivative sulfonic acid derivative ChEBI derivatives of sulfonic acid ChEBI sulfonic acid derivatives ChEBI An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino acid anions alpha-amino-acid anions alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino-acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid anions ChEBI s-block element s-block elements s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element p-block elements p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI d-block element d-block elements d-block element atom d-block element ChEBI d-block elements ChEBI A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos carboxylic acid carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent. S-containing carboxylic acid S-containing carboxylic acids sulfur-containing carboxylic acids sulfur-containing carboxylic acid S-containing carboxylic acid ChEBI S-containing carboxylic acids ChEBI sulfur-containing carboxylic acids ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound cyclic compounds cyclic compound cyclic compounds ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. homocyclic compound homocyclic compounds isocyclic compounds homocyclic compound homocyclic compound IUPAC homocyclic compounds IUPAC isocyclic compounds IUPAC A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compounds carbocycle carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compound IUPAC carbocyclic compounds IUPAC carbocycle ChEBI hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI polycyclic compounds polycyclic compound polycyclic compounds ChEBI A molecule that features two fused rings. bicyclic compounds bicyclic compound bicyclic compounds ChEBI A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms. ortho-fused polycyclic compounds ortho-fused compounds ortho-fused compound ortho-fused polycyclic compounds IUPAC ortho-fused compounds ChEBI Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds. aliphatic compounds aliphatic compound aliphatic compounds IUPAC A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity aromatics aromatische Verbindungen aromatic compound aromatic compounds IUPAC aromatic molecular entity IUPAC aromatics ChEBI aromatische Verbindungen ChEBI Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. arene arenes aromatic hydrocarbons arene arene IUPAC arenes IUPAC aromatic hydrocarbons IUPAC organic aromatic compounds organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds ChEBI monocyclic compounds monocyclic compound monocyclic compounds ChEBI A mancude monocyclic hydrocarbon without side chains of the general formula CnHn (n is an even number) or CnHn+1 (n is an odd number). In systematic nomenclature an annulene with seven or more carbon atoms may be named [n]annulene, where n is the number of carbon atoms. annulene annulenes annulene annulene IUPAC annulenes IUPAC cyclic hydrocarbon cyclic hydrocarbons cyclic hydrocarbon cyclic hydrocarbon ChEBI cyclic hydrocarbons ChEBI monocyclic hydrocarbon monocyclic hydrocarbons monocyclic hydrocarbons monocyclic hydrocarbon monocyclic hydrocarbon ChEBI monocyclic hydrocarbons IUPAC monocyclic hydrocarbons ChEBI polycyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbons polycyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbon IUPAC polycyclic hydrocarbons IUPAC heteromonocyclic compound heteromonocyclic compounds heteromonocyclic compound heteromonocyclic compound IUPAC heteromonocyclic compounds IUPAC A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds polyheterocyclic compounds heteropolycyclic compound heteropolycyclic compounds IUPAC polyheterocyclic compounds ChEBI A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. heterobicyclic compounds heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds IUPAC zinc group molecular entities zinc group molecular entity zinc group molecular entities ChEBI An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity d-block compounds d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity d-block molecular entity ChEBI d-block compounds ChEBI d-block molecular entities ChEBI Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers biomacromolecule biopolymer IUPAC Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI genetically encoded biomacromolecules genetically encoded biopolymers information biomacromolecules information biopolymers information macromolecule information macromolecules information biomacromolecule genetically encoded biomacromolecules ChEBI genetically encoded biopolymers ChEBI information biomacromolecules ChEBI information biopolymers ChEBI information macromolecule ChEBI information macromolecules ChEBI canonical amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residues common amino acid residues proteinogenic amino-acid residues standard amino acid residues standard amino-acid residues proteinogenic amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residue ChEBI canonical amino-acid residues ChEBI common amino acid residues ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid residues ChEBI standard amino acid residues ChEBI standard amino-acid residues ChEBI A cation consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic cations polyatomic cation polyatomic cations ChEBI amino-acid cation amino acid cation amino-acid cations amino-acid cation amino-acid cation ChEBI amino acid cation ChEBI amino-acid cations ChEBI An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 alpha-amino acid Amino acid Amino acids alpha-amino acids alpha-amino carboxylic acids alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid IUPAC Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND Amino acids KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino acids JCBN alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group. beta-amino acid beta-amino acids beta-amino acid beta-amino acid ChEBI beta-amino acids ChEBI A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group. gamma-amino acid gamma-amino acids gamma-amino acid gamma-amino acid ChEBI gamma-amino acids ChEBI When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. amino-acid residue amino acid residue amino-acid residues amino-acid residue amino-acid residue IUPAC amino acid residue ChEBI amino-acid residues JCBN A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. Wikipedia:Amino_acid Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids amino acid Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI amino acids ChEBI An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid residues an alpha-amino acid residue alpha-amino-acid residue alpha-amino-acid residues ChEBI an alpha-amino acid residue UniProt alpha-amino-acid cation alpha-amino acid cations alpha-amino-acid cations alpha-amino-acid cation alpha-amino-acid cation ChEBI alpha-amino acid cations ChEBI alpha-amino-acid cations ChEBI carbohydrate acid carbohydrate acids carbohydrate acid carbohydrate acid ChEBI carbohydrate acids ChEBI carbohydrate acid anion carbohydrate acid anions carbohydrate acid anion carbohydrate acid anion ChEBI carbohydrate acid anions ChEBI iron group molecular entity iron group molecular entities iron group molecular entity iron group molecular entity ChEBI iron group molecular entities ChEBI cobalt group molecular entity cobalt group molecular entities cobalt group molecular entity cobalt group molecular entity ChEBI cobalt group molecular entities ChEBI An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. hydroxy compounds organic alcohol organic hydroxy compounds organic hydroxy compound hydroxy compounds IUPAC organic alcohol ChEBI organic hydroxy compounds ChEBI Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H). enol enols alkenols enols enol enol IUPAC enols IUPAC alkenols IUPAC enols ChEBI Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. organic cyclic compounds organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds ChEBI A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarenes hetarenes heteroarene heteroarenes IUPAC hetarenes IUPAC benzenoid aromatic compounds benzenoid compound benzenoid aromatic compound benzenoid aromatic compounds ChEBI benzenoid compound ChEBI Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. COMe:PRX000001 conjugated proteins complex protein conjugated protein conjugated proteins IUPAC complex protein COMe An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents. KEGG:C00801 Wikipedia:Nucleoside Nucleoside nucleosides a nucleoside nucleosides nucleoside Nucleoside KEGG_COMPOUND nucleosides IUPAC a nucleoside UniProt nucleosides ChEBI A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule macromolecule macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers macromolecule macromolecule IUPAC macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI aromatic annulenes aromatic annulene aromatic annulenes ChEBI A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. monocyclic arenes monocyclic arene monocyclic arenes ChEBI A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Wikipedia:Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon PAH PAHs polycyclic arenes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polycyclic arene PAH ChEBI PAHs ChEBI polycyclic arenes ChEBI polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ChEBI Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. KEGG:C15584 MetaCyc:Phenols Wikipedia:Phenols phenols Aryl alcohol a phenol arenols phenols phenols IUPAC Aryl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a phenol UniProt arenols IUPAC An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring. KEGG:C01021 Wikipedia:Aromatic_amino_acid Aromatic amino acid aromatic amino acids aromatic amino acid Aromatic amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND aromatic amino acids ChEBI Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. aromatic carboxylic acids aromatic carboxylic acid aromatic carboxylic acids ChEBI An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system. aromatic amines aryl amine aryl amines arylamine arylamines aromatic amine aromatic amines ChEBI aryl amine ChEBI aryl amines ChEBI arylamine ChEBI arylamines ChEBI transition element coordination entities transition metal coordination compounds transition metal coordination entities transition element coordination entity transition element coordination entities ChEBI transition metal coordination compounds ChEBI transition metal coordination entities ChEBI cobalt molecular entity cobalt compounds cobalt molecular entities cobalt molecular entity cobalt molecular entity ChEBI cobalt compounds ChEBI cobalt molecular entities ChEBI cobalt coordination entity cobalt coordination compounds cobalt coordination entities cobalt coordination entity cobalt coordination entity ChEBI cobalt coordination compounds ChEBI cobalt coordination entities ChEBI iron coordination entity iron coordination compounds iron coordination entities iron coordination entity iron coordination entity ChEBI iron coordination compounds ChEBI iron coordination entities ChEBI A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent reactif reactivo reagents reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI cobalt corrinoids cobalt-corrinoids cobalt corrinoid cobalt corrinoids ChEBI cobalt-corrinoids ChEBI metal-tetrapyrrole metal-tetrapyrrole complex metallotetrapyrroles metallotetrapyrrole metal-tetrapyrrole ChEBI metal-tetrapyrrole complex ChEBI metallotetrapyrroles ChEBI A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions. KEGG:C06021 Corrinoid corrinoid corrinoids Corrinoid protein Corrinoid protein Co+ Korrinoid corrinoide corrinoides corrinoid Corrinoid KEGG_COMPOUND corrinoid UniProt corrinoids IUPAC Corrinoid protein KEGG_COMPOUND Corrinoid protein Co+ KEGG_COMPOUND Korrinoid ChEBI corrinoide IUPAC corrinoides IUPAC A pentose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. aldopentose aldopentoses aldopentose aldopentose ChEBI aldopentoses ChEBI A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. aldohexose aldohexoses aldohexose aldohexose ChEBI aldohexoses ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. macronutrients macronutrient macronutrients ChEBI Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, D- and L-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature. ribo-pentose ribose Rib ribose ribo-pentose IUPAC ribose IUPAC Rib JCBN A quaternary ammonium ion that is the the conjugate acid of carnitine. KEGG:C00487 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium 3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid Carnitine carnitinium 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium IUPAC 3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid ChEBI Carnitine KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen hydrides nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. azanes azane azanes ChEBI COMe:PRX000002 metalloprotein metalloproteine metalloproteins metalloprotein metalloprotein COMe metalloproteine ChEBI metalloproteins ChEBI COMe:PRX000004 iron protein iron proteins iron-containing proteins iron protein iron protein COMe iron proteins ChEBI iron-containing proteins ChEBI Conjugated proteins containing heme as the prosthetic group. COMe:PRX000008 hemoprotein Haemoprotein Haemprotein haem protein haemoprotein heme protein hemeproteins hemoproteins hemoprotein hemoprotein ChEBI Haemoprotein ChEBI Haemprotein ChEBI haem protein COMe haemoprotein ChEBI heme protein ChEBI hemeproteins IUBMB hemoproteins ChEBI COMe:PRX000321 hemoglobin haemoglobin vertebrate haemoglobin hemoglobin hemoglobin ChEBI haemoglobin ChEBI vertebrate haemoglobin COMe (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene (+)-alpha-carotene alpha-carotene (natural) (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene IUPAC (+)-alpha-carotene ChemIDplus alpha-carotene (natural) ChemIDplus (6'S)-beta,epsilon-carotene (6'S)-beta,epsilon-carotene (6'S)-beta,epsilon-carotene IUPAC elemental calcium Kalziumsalz Kalziumsalze calcium salts calcium salt Kalziumsalz ChEBI Kalziumsalze ChEBI calcium salts ChEBI cyclic carotene cyclic carotenes cyclic carotene cyclic carotene ChEBI cyclic carotenes ChEBI sulfate salts sulfates sulphate salts sulphates sulfate salt sulfate salts ChEBI sulfates ChEBI sulphate salts ChEBI sulphates ChEBI An oxo monocarboxylic acid anion in which the oxo group is located at the 2-position. 2-oxo monocarboxylate 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anions a 2-oxocarboxylate 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion 2-oxo monocarboxylate ChEBI 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI a 2-oxocarboxylate UniProt A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2]. terpene terpenes Terpen terpenes terpeno terpenos terpene terpene IUPAC terpenes IUPAC Terpen ChEBI terpenes IUPAC terpeno IUPAC terpenos IUPAC A C20 terpene. diterpenes Diterpen diterpenes diterpeno diterpenos diterpene diterpenes IUPAC Diterpen ChEBI diterpenes IUPAC diterpeno IUPAC diterpenos IUPAC A C30 terpene. triterpenes Triterpen triterpenes triterpeno triterpenos triterpene triterpenes IUPAC Triterpen ChEBI triterpenes IUPAC triterpeno IUPAC triterpenos IUPAC A C40 terpene. tetraterpenes tetraterpenes tetraterpeno tetraterpenos tetraterpene tetraterpenes IUPAC tetraterpenes IUPAC tetraterpeno IUPAC tetraterpenos IUPAC A substance which lowers the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapour and/or at other interfaces. surfactant surface active agent surfactants surfactant surfactant IUPAC surface active agent IUPAC surfactants ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. catalyst Katalysator catalizador catalyseur catalyst catalyst IUPAC Katalysator ChEBI catalizador ChEBI catalyseur ChEBI (2R)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate L-cysteine zwitterion (2R)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate L-cysteine L-cysteine zwitterion (2R)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC L-cysteine zwitterion IUPAC (2R)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI L-cysteine UniProt (2S)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate D-cysteine zwitterion (2S)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate D-cysteine D-cysteine zwitterion (2S)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC D-cysteine zwitterion IUPAC (2S)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI D-cysteine UniProt 2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate cysteine zwitterion (+)H3N-CH(CH2SH)-COO(-) 2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate cysteine zwitterion 2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC cysteine zwitterion IUPAC (+)H3N-CH(CH2SH)-COO(-) ChEBI 2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of serine. 2-ammonio-3-hydroxypropanoate serine zwitterion serine zwitterion 2-ammonio-3-hydroxypropanoate IUPAC serine zwitterion IUPAC A serine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of D-serine. MetaCyc:D-SERINE (2R)-2-ammonio-3-hydroxypropanoate D-serine zwitterion D-serine D-serine zwitterion (2R)-2-ammonio-3-hydroxypropanoate IUPAC D-serine zwitterion IUPAC D-serine UniProt A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. KEGG:C06703 quaternary ammonium ion Quaternary amine a quaternary ammonium quaternary ammonium ions quaternary ammonium ion quaternary ammonium ion IUPAC Quaternary amine KEGG_COMPOUND a quaternary ammonium UniProt quaternary ammonium ions ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). ammonium ion derivatives azanium ion derivative azanium ion derivatives ammonium ion derivative ammonium ion derivatives ChEBI azanium ion derivative ChEBI azanium ion derivatives ChEBI Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an onium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. betaines onium betaines onium betaine betaines IUPAC onium betaines ChEBI Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an sulfonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. sulfonium betaines sulfonium betaine sulfonium betaines ChEBI Any neutral molecule having charge-separated forms with a quaternary ammonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. ammonium betaines ammonium betaine ammonium betaines ChEBI A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are adjacent to each other. fused compounds fused polycyclic compounds fused-ring polycyclic compound fused-ring polycyclic compounds polycyclic fused-ring compounds fused compound fused compounds ChEBI fused polycyclic compounds ChEBI fused-ring polycyclic compound ChEBI fused-ring polycyclic compounds ChEBI polycyclic fused-ring compounds ChEBI A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbopolycyclic compounds carbopolycyclic compound carbopolycyclic compounds ChEBI homopolycyclic compounds homopolycyclic compound homopolycyclic compounds ChEBI ortho-fused polycyclic arenes ortho-fused polycyclic arene ortho-fused polycyclic arenes ChEBI A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. Wikipedia:Acene acene acenes Acen Azen polyacenes acene acene IUPAC acenes IUPAC Acen ChEBI Azen ChEBI polyacenes ChEBI Any drug that enhances the activity of the central nervous system. Wikipedia:Central_nervous_system_stimulants central nervous system stimulant CNS stimulant analeptic analeptic agent analeptic drug analeptics central stimulant central nervous system stimulant central nervous system stimulant ChEBI CNS stimulant ChEBI analeptic ChEBI analeptic agent ChEBI analeptic drug ChEBI analeptics ChEBI central stimulant ChEBI Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. amphetamine drug amphetamines amphetamine drug ChEBI Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. KEGG:C00377 MetaCyc:Steroids Steroid steroids a steroid steroid Steroid KEGG_COMPOUND steroids IUPAC a steroid UniProt A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has beta- configuration. 3beta-hydroxysteroids 3beta-sterols 3beta-sterol 3beta-hydroxysteroids ChEBI 3beta-sterols ChEBI KEGG:C02159 Hydroxysteroid hydroxy steroids hydroxysteroids hydroxy steroid Hydroxysteroid KEGG_COMPOUND hydroxy steroids ChEBI hydroxysteroids ChEBI Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds organonitrogens organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2. Wikipedia:Sulfonamide sulfonamides sulfonamides sulfonamide sulfonamides IUPAC sulfonamides ChEBI Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids. KEGG:C00162 Wikipedia:Fatty_acid Fatty acid fatty acids Fettsaeure Fettsaeuren acide gras acides gras acido graso acidos grasos fatty acids fatty acid Fatty acid KEGG_COMPOUND fatty acids IUPAC Fettsaeure ChEBI Fettsaeuren ChEBI acide gras ChEBI acides gras ChemIDplus acido graso ChEBI acidos grasos ChEBI fatty acids ChEBI Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. KEGG:C06698 Monosaccharide monosaccharides Monosaccharid Monosacharid monosacarido monosacaridos monosaccharide Monosaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND monosaccharides IUPAC Monosaccharid ChEBI Monosacharid ChEBI monosacarido ChEBI monosacaridos IUPAC An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion oxoacid anions oxoanions oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbons ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ChEBI ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbons ChEBI A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases. anti-infective agents anti-infective drugs antiinfective agents antiinfective drug antiinfective agent anti-infective agents ChEBI anti-infective drugs ChEBI antiinfective agents ChEBI antiinfective drug ChEBI A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. Wikipedia:Antiparasitic antiparasitic drugs antiparasitics parasiticides antiparasitic agent antiparasitic drugs ChEBI antiparasitics ChEBI parasiticides ChEBI An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1). Wikipedia:ACE_inhibitor ACE inhibitor ACE inhibitors DCP inhibitor DCP inhibitors EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitors EC 3.4.15.1 inhibitor EC 3.4.15.1 inhibitors PDH inhibitor PDH inhibitors angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors carboxycathepsin inhibitor carboxycathepsin inhibitors dipeptidase inhibitor dipeptidase inhibitors dipeptide hydrolase inhibitor dipeptide hydrolase inhibitors dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I inhibitor dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I inhibitors dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitors endothelial cell peptidyl dipeptidase inhibitor endothelial cell peptidyl dipeptidase inhibitors kininase II inhibitor kininase II inhibitors peptidase P inhibitor peptidase P inhibitors peptidyl dipeptidase A inhibitor peptidyl dipeptidase A inhibitors peptidyl dipeptidase I inhibitor peptidyl dipeptidase I inhibitors peptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitor peptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitors peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase inhibitor peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase inhibitors peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitor peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitors peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitor peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitors peptidyl-dipeptide hydrolase inhibitor peptidyl-dipeptide hydrolase inhibitors peptidyldipeptide hydrolase inhibitor peptidyldipeptide hydrolase inhibitors EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor ACE inhibitor ChEBI ACE inhibitors ChEBI DCP inhibitor ChEBI DCP inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.15.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.15.1 inhibitors ChEBI PDH inhibitor ChEBI PDH inhibitors ChEBI angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor ChEBI angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors ChEBI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ChEBI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ChEBI carboxycathepsin inhibitor ChEBI carboxycathepsin inhibitors ChEBI dipeptidase inhibitor ChEBI dipeptidase inhibitors ChEBI dipeptide hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI dipeptide hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I inhibitor ChEBI dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I inhibitors ChEBI dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor ChEBI dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitors ChEBI endothelial cell peptidyl dipeptidase inhibitor ChEBI endothelial cell peptidyl dipeptidase inhibitors ChEBI kininase II inhibitor ChEBI kininase II inhibitors ChEBI peptidase P inhibitor ChEBI peptidase P inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl dipeptidase A inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl dipeptidase A inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl dipeptidase I inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl dipeptidase I inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptide hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptide hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI peptidyldipeptide hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI peptidyldipeptide hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. antidepressant drugs antidepressants thymoanaleptics thymoleptic drugs thymoleptics antidepressant antidepressant drugs ChEBI antidepressants ChEBI thymoanaleptics ChEBI thymoleptic drugs ChEBI thymoleptics ChEBI A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. CNS agent CNS drugs central nervous system agents central nervous system drug CNS agent ChEBI CNS drugs ChEBI central nervous system agents ChEBI A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Wikipedia:Psychotropic_drug psychoactive agent psychoactive drugs psychopharmaceuticals psychotropic drugs psychotropic drug psychoactive agent ChEBI psychoactive drugs ChEBI psychopharmaceuticals ChEBI psychotropic drugs ChEBI A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. anti-inflammatory drugs antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory drug antiinflammatory drugs anti-inflammatory drug anti-inflammatory drugs ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory drug ChEBI antiinflammatory drugs ChEBI A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour. ataractics tranquilising drug tranquilizing drugs tranquillising agent tranquillizing agents tranquilizing drug ataractics ChEBI tranquilising drug ChEBI tranquilizing drugs ChEBI tranquillising agent ChEBI tranquillizing agents ChEBI Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. anti-anxiety agents anti-anxiety drugs anxiolytic agents anxiolytics minor tranquilisers minor tranquilizers minor tranquilizing agents anxiolytic drug anti-anxiety agents ChEBI anti-anxiety drugs ChEBI anxiolytic agents ChEBI anxiolytics ChEBI minor tranquilisers ChEBI minor tranquilizers ChEBI minor tranquilizing agents ChEBI An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Wikipedia:Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug NSAID NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAID ChEBI NSAIDs ChEBI non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent ChEBI non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ChEBI Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. Neuroleptikum antipsychotic agents antipsychotic drug antipsychotic drugs antipsychotics antipsychotiques grosser Tranquilizer major tranquilizers major tranquilizing agents neuroleptic neuroleptic agents neuroleptics neuroleptique neuroleptiques antipsychotic agent Neuroleptikum ChEBI antipsychotic agents ChEBI antipsychotic drug ChEBI antipsychotic drugs ChEBI antipsychotics ChEBI antipsychotiques ChEBI grosser Tranquilizer ChEBI major tranquilizers ChEBI major tranquilizing agents ChEBI neuroleptic ChEBI neuroleptic agents ChEBI neuroleptics ChEBI neuroleptique ChEBI neuroleptiques ChEBI Antimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. antimanic agent antimanic drugs antimanics antimanic drug antimanic agent ChEBI antimanic drugs ChEBI antimanics ChEBI alkali metal salts alkali metal salt alkali metal salts ChEBI An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. analgesic A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. non-narcotic analgesic A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. narcotic narcotic analgesic narcotic analgesics narcotics opioid analgesics opioid analgesic narcotic ChEBI narcotic analgesic ChEBI narcotic analgesics ChEBI narcotics ChEBI opioid analgesics ChEBI A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. CNS depressants central nervous system depressants central nervous system depressant CNS depressants ChEBI central nervous system depressants ChEBI A compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of androgens. Wikipedia:Antiandrogen antiandrogen androgen antagonist antiandrogen ChEBI An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function. diuretics diuretic diuretics ChEBI natural product fundamental parents natural product fundamental parent natural product fundamental parents IUPAC steroid fundamental parents steroid fundamental parent steroid fundamental parents ChEBI Wikipedia:Cholestane cholestane cholestane cholestane IUPAC cholane cholane cholane IUPAC An agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors. beta-adrenergic agonists beta-adrenergic receptor agonist beta-adrenoceptor agonists beta-adrenergic agonist beta-adrenergic agonists ChEBI beta-adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI beta-adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR An agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. bronchodilator bronchodilator agents broncholytic agent bronchodilator agent bronchodilator ChEBI bronchodilator agents ChEBI broncholytic agent ChEBI A drug which lowers the blood glucose level. antidiabetic antihyperglycemic antihyperglycemic agent antihyperglycemic agents antihyperglycemic drug antihyperglycemic drugs antihyperglycemics hypoglycemic agents hypoglycemic drug hypoglycemic drugs hypoglycemic agent antidiabetic ChEBI antihyperglycemic ChEBI antihyperglycemic agent ChEBI antihyperglycemic agents ChEBI antihyperglycemic drug ChEBI antihyperglycemic drugs ChEBI antihyperglycemics ChEBI hypoglycemic agents ChEBI hypoglycemic drug ChEBI hypoglycemic drugs ChEBI An agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists. beta-Adrenergic antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches and anxiety. beta-adrenergic antagonists beta-adrenergic blocker beta-adrenergic blockers beta-adrenergic receptor blockaders beta-adrenoceptor antagonists beta-blocker beta-blockers beta-adrenergic antagonist beta-adrenergic antagonists ChEBI beta-adrenergic blocker ChEBI beta-adrenergic blockers ChEBI beta-adrenergic receptor blockaders ChEBI beta-adrenoceptor antagonists IUPHAR beta-blocker ChEBI beta-blockers ChEBI heterocyclic parent hydrides heterocyclic fundamental parent heterocyclic organic fundamental parents organic heterocyclic fundamental parents heterocyclic organic fundamental parent heterocyclic parent hydrides IUPAC heterocyclic fundamental parent ChEBI heterocyclic organic fundamental parents ChEBI organic heterocyclic fundamental parents ChEBI A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs cardiovascular drug cardiovascular agent ChEBI cardiovascular drugs ChEBI Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds. mancude-ring systems mancude rings mancunide-ring systems mancude ring mancude-ring systems IUPAC mancude rings ChEBI mancunide-ring systems IUPAC An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. alpha-adrenergic agonists alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist alpha-adrenoceptor agonists alpha-adrenergic agonist alpha-adrenergic agonists ChEBI alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI alpha-adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR mancude organic heterobicyclic parents mancude-ring organic heterobicyclic parents mancude organic heterobicyclic parent mancude organic heterobicyclic parents ChEBI mancude-ring organic heterobicyclic parents ChEBI mancude organic heterocyclic parents mancude-ring organic heterocyclic parents mancude organic heterocyclic parent mancude organic heterocyclic parents ChEBI mancude-ring organic heterocyclic parents ChEBI organic mancude parents organic mancude-ring parents organic mancude parent organic mancude parents ChEBI organic mancude-ring parents ChEBI N-oxide N-oxides N-oxide N-oxide ChEBI N-oxides ChEBI A heterobicyclic aromatic organic compound comprising a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring; the parent compound of the purines. HMDB:HMDB0001366 KEGG:C15587 MetaCyc:PURINE purine purine purine IUPAC A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanions oxocarbon anion oxocarbon anions carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanion ChEBI carbon oxoanions ChEBI oxocarbon anion ChEBI oxocarbon anions ChEBI carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. anticancer agent anticancer agents antineoplastic antineoplastic agents cytostatic antineoplastic agent anticancer agent ChEBI anticancer agents ChEBI antineoplastic ChEBI antineoplastic agents ChEBI cytostatic ChEBI A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food. flavoring agent flavoring agents flavour enhancer flavour enhancers flavouring agents flavouring agent flavoring agent ChEBI flavoring agents ChEBI flavour enhancer ChEBI flavour enhancers ChEBI flavouring agents ChEBI A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. vasodilator vasodilator agents vasodilator agent vasodilator ChEBI vasodilator agents ChEBI A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. Antiepileptika Antiepileptikum Antikonvulsiva Antikonvulsivum anti-convulsant anti-convulsants anti-convulsive agent anti-convulsive agents anticonvulsants anticonvulsive agent anticonvulsive agents antiepileptic antiepileptics antiepileptique antiepileptiques anticonvulsant Antiepileptika ChEBI Antiepileptikum ChEBI Antikonvulsiva ChEBI Antikonvulsivum ChEBI anti-convulsant ChEBI anti-convulsants ChEBI anti-convulsive agent ChEBI anti-convulsive agents ChEBI anticonvulsants ChEBI anticonvulsive agent ChEBI anticonvulsive agents ChEBI antiepileptic ChEBI antiepileptics ChEBI antiepileptique ChEBI antiepileptiques ChEBI A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. KEGG:C01866 Wikipedia:Beta-lactam beta-Lactam a beta-lactam beta-lactams beta-lactam beta-Lactam KEGG_COMPOUND a beta-lactam UniProt beta-lactams ChEBI An EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2). EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitors EC 1.17.3.2 inhibitor EC 1.17.3.2 inhibitors Schardinger enzyme inhibitor Schardinger enzyme inhibitors hypoxanthine oxidase inhibitor hypoxanthine oxidase inhibitors hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase inhibitor hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase inhibitors hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) inhibitor xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) inhibitors xanthine oxidase inhibitor xanthine oxidase inhibitors xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors xanthine:O2 oxidoreductase inhibitor xanthine:O2 oxidoreductase inhibitors xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors xanthine:xanthine oxidase inhibitor xanthine:xanthine oxidase inhibitors EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.17.3.2 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.17.3.2 inhibitors ChEBI Schardinger enzyme inhibitor ChEBI Schardinger enzyme inhibitors ChEBI hypoxanthine oxidase inhibitor ChEBI hypoxanthine oxidase inhibitors ChEBI hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase inhibitor ChEBI hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase inhibitors ChEBI hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) inhibitor ChEBI xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) inhibitors ChEBI xanthine oxidase inhibitor ChEBI xanthine oxidase inhibitors ChEBI xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI xanthine:O2 oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI xanthine:O2 oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI xanthine:xanthine oxidase inhibitor ChEBI xanthine:xanthine oxidase inhibitors ChEBI An inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly. Wikipedia:Protease_inhibitor_(pharmacology) HIV protease inhibitors HIV protease inhibitor HIV protease inhibitors ChEBI Any EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that inhibits HMG-CoA reductases. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to lower directly cholesterol synthesis. The Enzyme Commission designation is EC 1.1.1.34 for the NADPH-dependent enzyme and EC 1.1.1.88 for an NADH-dependent enzyme. Wikipedia:HMG-CoA_reductase HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ChEBI HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ChEBI hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor ChEBI hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors ChEBI Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Wikipedia:Antihypertensive_drug antihypertensive antihypertensive agents antihypertensive drug antihypertensive drugs antihypertensive agent antihypertensive ChEBI antihypertensive agents ChEBI antihypertensive drug ChEBI antihypertensive drugs ChEBI A substance used to treat hyperlipidemia (an excess of lipids in the blood). Wikipedia:Hypolipidemic_agent antihyperlipemic antihyperlipemics antihyperlipidaemic agent antihyperlipidaemic agents antihyperlipidaemic drug antihyperlipidaemic drugs antihyperlipidemic antihyperlipidemic agent antihyperlipidemic agents antihyperlipidemic drug antihyperlipidemic drugs antihyperlipidemics antilipemic antilipemic drugs antilipemics hypolipidemic agent hypolipidemic agents lipid-lowering agent lipid-lowering agents lipid-lowering drug lipid-lowering drugs antilipemic drug antihyperlipemic ChEBI antihyperlipemics ChEBI antihyperlipidaemic agent ChEBI antihyperlipidaemic agents ChEBI antihyperlipidaemic drug ChEBI antihyperlipidaemic drugs ChEBI antihyperlipidemic ChEBI antihyperlipidemic agent ChEBI antihyperlipidemic agents ChEBI antihyperlipidemic drug ChEBI antihyperlipidemic drugs ChEBI antihyperlipidemics ChEBI antilipemic ChEBI antilipemic drugs ChEBI antilipemics ChEBI hypolipidemic agent ChEBI hypolipidemic agents ChEBI lipid-lowering agent ChEBI lipid-lowering agents ChEBI lipid-lowering drug ChEBI lipid-lowering drugs ChEBI A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. KEGG:C00432 KEGG:C01612 Secondary alcohol R-CHOH-R' a secondary alcohol secondary alcohols secondary alcohol Secondary alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND R-CHOH-R' KEGG_COMPOUND a secondary alcohol UniProt secondary alcohols ChEBI Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. KEGG:C02028 Dicarboxylic acid dicarboxylic acids dicarboxylic acid Dicarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND dicarboxylic acids ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid anions dicarboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid anion ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anions ChEBI Any dicarboxylic acid anion that is a monoanion obtained by the deprotonation of only one of the carboxy groups of the dicarboxylic acid. dicarboxylic acid monoanions dicarboxylic acid monoanion dicarboxylic acid monoanions ChEBI A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. KEGG:C00287 Wikipedia:Ester Ester esters ester Ester KEGG_COMPOUND esters ChEBI An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. immunosuppressant immunosuppressive agents inmunosupresor immunosuppressive agent immunosuppressant ChEBI immunosuppressive agents ChEBI inmunosupresor ChEBI A central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. hypnotics hypnotics and sedatives sedative drug sedatives sedatives and hypnotics sedative hypnotics ChEBI hypnotics and sedatives ChEBI sedative drug ChEBI sedatives ChEBI sedatives and hypnotics ChEBI An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. antifungal antifungal agents antifungal drug antifungal drugs antifungals antifungal agent antifungal ChEBI antifungal agents ChEBI antifungal drug ChEBI antifungal drugs ChEBI antifungals ChEBI glycosaminoglycan sulfate glycosaminoglycan sulfates sulfated glycosaminoglycans sulfated glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan sulfate ChEBI glycosaminoglycan sulfates ChEBI sulfated glycosaminoglycans ChEBI carbohydrate sulfates carbohydrate sulphates carbohydrate sulfate carbohydrate sulfates ChEBI carbohydrate sulphates ChEBI Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached. glycerolipids glycerolipid glycerolipids ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. KEGG:C00060 Carboxylate Monocarboxylate a monocarboxylate monocarboxylates monocarboxylic acid anions monocarboxylic acid anion Carboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND Monocarboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND a monocarboxylate UniProt monocarboxylates ChEBI monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. Pi phosphate phosphate ions phosphate ion Pi ChEBI phosphate ChEBI phosphate ions ChEBI seco-steroids seco-steroid seco-steroids ChEBI A substance that suppresses Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorates the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduces the incidence and severity of leprous reactions. leprostatic leprostatic agent leprostatic drugs leprostatic drug leprostatic ChEBI leprostatic agent ChEBI leprostatic drugs ChEBI Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids. KEGG:C05996 BCFA BCFAs Branched chain fatty acid branched fatty acid branched fatty acids branched-chain fatty acids branched-chain fatty acid BCFA ChEBI BCFAs ChEBI Branched chain fatty acid KEGG_COMPOUND branched fatty acid ChEBI branched fatty acids ChEBI branched-chain fatty acids ChEBI Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections. Wikipedia:Antiprotozoal_agent antiprotozoal agent antiprotozoal agents antiprotozoal drugs antiprotozoal drug antiprotozoal agent ChEBI antiprotozoal agents ChEBI antiprotozoal drugs ChEBI A substance used to lower plasma cholesterol levels. anticholesteremic anticholesteremic agent anticholesteremic drugs antihypercholesterolemic antihypercholesterolemic agent antihypercholesterolemic agents antihypercholesterolemic drug antihypercholesterolemic drugs antihypercholesterolemics cholesterol inhibitor cholesterol-lowering agent cholesterol-lowering agents cholesterol-lowering drug cholesterol-lowering drugs hypocholesteremic agent anticholesteremic drug anticholesteremic ChEBI anticholesteremic agent ChEBI anticholesteremic drugs ChEBI antihypercholesterolemic ChEBI antihypercholesterolemic agent ChEBI antihypercholesterolemic agents ChEBI antihypercholesterolemic drug ChEBI antihypercholesterolemic drugs ChEBI antihypercholesterolemics ChEBI cholesterol inhibitor ChEBI cholesterol-lowering agent ChEBI cholesterol-lowering agents ChEBI cholesterol-lowering drug ChEBI cholesterol-lowering drugs ChEBI hypocholesteremic agent ChEBI A gout suppressant that acts directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma. uricosuric agent uricosuric drugs uricosuric drug uricosuric agent ChEBI uricosuric drugs ChEBI A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. anti-rheumatic drugs antirheumatic agent antirheumatic drugs antirheumatic drug anti-rheumatic drugs ChEBI antirheumatic agent ChEBI antirheumatic drugs ChEBI A drug that increases uric acid excretion by the kidney (uricosuric drug), decreases uric acid production (antihyperuricemic), or alleviates the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout. gout suppressants gout suppressant gout suppressants ChEBI A drug used for its effect on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. renal agents renal agent renal agents ChEBI Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent. hydroxy acid hydroxy monocarboxylic acids hydroxy monocarboxylic acid hydroxy acid ChEBI hydroxy monocarboxylic acids ChEBI Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group. oxo monocarboxylic acids oxo monocarboxylic acid oxo monocarboxylic acids ChEBI imidazopyrimidines imidazopyrimidine imidazopyrimidines ChEBI pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydrides pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI oxo monocarboxylic acid anions oxo monocarboxylic acid anion oxo monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI Any carboxylic acid anion containing at least one oxo group. oxo carboxylic acid anions oxo carboxylic acid anion oxo carboxylic acid anions ChEBI Any monocarboxylic acid having a 2-oxo substituent. KEGG:C00161 2-oxo carboxylic acids 2-Oxo acid 2-Oxocarboxylate 2-oxo acid 2-oxo monocarboxylic acids 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid 2-oxo carboxylic acids IUPAC 2-Oxo acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-Oxocarboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND 2-oxo acid UniProt 2-oxo monocarboxylic acids ChEBI A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. neurotransmitter agents neurotransmitter agent neurotransmitter agents ChEBI A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group. 3-hydroxy acid 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acids beta-hydroxy acid beta-hydroxy acids beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid beta-hydroxy carboxylic acids 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid 3-hydroxy acid ChEBI 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acids ChEBI beta-hydroxy acid ChEBI beta-hydroxy acids ChEBI beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid ChEBI beta-hydroxy carboxylic acids ChEBI Any amino acid carrying two amino groups. diamino acid Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified. penams penams penams IUPAC Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds. docosahexaenoic acid DHA docosahexaenoic acids docosahexaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid IUPAC DHA ChEBI docosahexaenoic acids ChEBI A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections. antimicrobial drugs antimicrobial drug antimicrobial drugs ChEBI A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. anti-viral drug anti-virus drug antiviral drugs antiviral drug anti-viral drug ChEBI anti-virus drug ChEBI antiviral drugs ChEBI A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections. Wikipedia:Antibacterial antibacterial drugs antibacterial drug antibacterial drugs ChEBI Any monocarboxylic acid anion carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anions hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anion hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anions hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anion ChEBI hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI bile acids and derivatives cholanoids cholanoid bile acids and derivatives LIPID_MAPS cholanoids ChEBI A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. proteins protein proteins IUPAC Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). Wikipedia:Quinone quinone quinones Chinon quinones quinone quinone IUPAC quinones IUPAC Chinon ChEBI quinones ChEBI A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond. KEGG:C01911 Disaccharide disaccharides Disaccharid Disacharid disacarido disacaridos disaccharide Disaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND disaccharides IUPAC Disaccharid ChEBI Disacharid ChEBI disacarido ChEBI disacaridos IUPAC Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate chenodeoxycholate chenodeoxycholate anion chenodeoxycholate(1-) chenodeoxycholate 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate IUPAC chenodeoxycholate UniProt chenodeoxycholate anion ChEBI chenodeoxycholate(1-) ChEBI bile acid anions bile acid anion bile acid anions ChEBI A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24. Patent:JP2008069152 cholan-24-oic acid cholanic acid cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid 5beta-cholanic acid (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid 5beta-cholanoic acid ursocholanic acid 5beta-cholanic acid 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC 5beta-cholanic acid ChemIDplus (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid ChemIDplus (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid ChemIDplus 5beta-cholanoic acid ChemIDplus ursocholanic acid ChemIDplus Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton. 5beta-cholanic acids A salt of a bile acid. bile acid salts bile acid salt bile acid salts ChEBI cholanic acids macrocyclic tetrapyrroles cyclic tetrapyrroles macrocyclic tetrapyrrole cyclic tetrapyrrole macrocyclic tetrapyrroles IUPAC cyclic tetrapyrroles ChEBI macrocyclic tetrapyrrole ChEBI The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health. glycerophosphocholines glycerophosphocholine glycerophosphocholines ChEBI Any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block. local anaesthetic Lokalanaesthetikum anesthesique local local anaesthetics local anesthetics local anaesthetic local anaesthetic IUPAC Lokalanaesthetikum ChEBI anesthesique local ChEBI local anaesthetics ChEBI local anesthetics ChEBI Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). leptons lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). baryons baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion fermions fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle subatomic particles subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). composite particles composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. hadrons hadron hadrons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ions polyatomic ion polyatomic ions ChEBI phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative ChEBI phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives alkaline earth salts alkaline earth salt alkaline earth salts ChEBI Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds organic oxo compounds organic oxo compound oxo compounds IUPAC organic oxo compounds ChEBI heterotricyclic compound heterotricyclic compounds heterotricyclic compounds heterotricyclic compound heterotricyclic compound ChEBI heterotricyclic compounds IUPAC heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. adrenal cortex hormones corticosteroid hormones corticosteroid hormone adrenal cortex hormones ChEBI corticosteroid hormones ChEBI Any compound having phosphocholine as part of its structure. O-phosphocholines choline phosphates phosphorylcholines phosphocholines O-phosphocholines ChEBI choline phosphates ChEBI phosphorylcholines ChEBI Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton. biladienes monoanions monoanion monoanions ChEBI Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3. 3-hydroxy steroids 3-hydroxy steroid 3-hydroxy steroids ChEBI A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the alpha-position. MetaCyc:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroids 3alpha-hydroxy steroids 3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3alpha-hydroxysteroids a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3alpha-hydroxy steroid 3alpha-hydroxy steroids ChEBI 3alpha-hydroxysteroid ChEBI 3alpha-hydroxysteroids ChEBI a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UniProt A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the beta-position. KEGG:C02945 MetaCyc:3-Beta-Hydroxysterols 3beta-hydroxy steroids a 3beta-hydroxysteroid 3beta-hydroxy steroid 3beta-hydroxy steroids ChEBI a 3beta-hydroxysteroid UniProt A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has an alpha-configuration. 7alpha-hydroxy steroids 7alpha-hydroxy steroid 7alpha-hydroxy steroids ChEBI A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7. 7-hydroxy steroids 7-hydroxy steroid 7-hydroxy steroids ChEBI 12-hydroxy steroids 12-hydroxy steroid 12-hydroxy steroids ChEBI 12alpha-hydroxy steroids 12alpha-hydroxy steroid 12alpha-hydroxy steroids ChEBI hydroxy seco-steroids hydroxy seco-steroid hydroxy seco-steroids ChEBI elemental fluorine atomic fluorine monoatomic fluorine atomic fluorine ChEBI inorganic ions inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI inorganic cations inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. KEGG:C01373 Cation cation Kation Kationen cationes cations cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation IUPAC Kation ChEBI Kationen ChEBI cationes ChEBI cations ChEBI chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acids chalcocarbonic acids chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acid ChEBI chalcocarbonic acids IUPAC chalcocarbonic acids ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI vitamin B-6 phosphates vitamin B6 phosphates vitamin B6 phosphate vitamin B-6 phosphates JCBN vitamin B6 phosphates ChEBI amino-acid anion amino acid anions amino-acid anions amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI barium molecular entity barium compounds barium molecular entities barium molecular entity barium molecular entity ChEBI barium compounds ChEBI barium molecular entities ChEBI organic hydrides organic hydride organic hydrides ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC elemental sodium elemental zinc A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of phytanic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. KEGG:C01607 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoate 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoate 3,7,11,15-tetramethylpalmitate phytanate anion phytanate 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoate IUPAC 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoate UniProt 3,7,11,15-tetramethylpalmitate ChEBI phytanate anion ChEBI A 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione that is isoalloxazine substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione dimethylisoalloxazine 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione IUPAC dimethylisoalloxazine IUPAC 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione IUPAC LINCS:LSM-2889 alloxazine benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione Alloxazin alloxazine alloxazine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione IUPAC Alloxazin NIST_Chemistry_WebBook benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione IUPAC benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione isoalloxazine benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione IUPAC A substance administered to enhance contrast in images of the inside of the body obtained using X-rays, gamma-rays, sound waves, radio waves (MRI), or radioactive particles in order to diagnose disease. diagnostic imaging agent A substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays. Wikipedia:Contrast_medium contrast media radiocontrast agent radiocontrast agents radioopaque media radiopaque media radiopaque medium radioopaque medium contrast media ChEBI radiocontrast agent ChEBI radiocontrast agents ChEBI radioopaque media ChEBI radiopaque media ChEBI radiopaque medium ChEBI Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid. KEGG:C05114 Mucopolysaccharide mucopolysaccharides Mucopolysaccharid Mukopolysaccharid mucopolisacarido mucopolisacaridos mucopolysaccharide Mucopolysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND mucopolysaccharides IUPAC Mucopolysaccharid ChEBI Mukopolysaccharid ChEBI mucopolisacarido ChEBI mucopolisacaridos IUPAC Any of a class of 10--60 kDa glycosaminoglycan sulfates, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues. KEGG:C00607 Chondroitin sulfate Chondroitinsulfat chondroitin polysulfate chondroitin sulfates chondroitin sulfuric acid chondroitin sulphate chondroitin sulfate Chondroitin sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND Chondroitinsulfat ChEBI chondroitin polysulfate ChemIDplus chondroitin sulfates ChemIDplus chondroitin sulfuric acid ChemIDplus chondroitin sulphate ChemIDplus A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units. folates folate folates folic acids folates IUPAC folate ChEBI folates ChEBI An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). KEGG:C00174 Acid acid Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring. 1,4-Lactone 1,4-lactones a 1,4-lactone butyrolactones gamma-Laktone gamma-lactona gamma-lactonas gamma-lactones gamma-lactone 1,4-Lactone KEGG_COMPOUND 1,4-lactones ChEBI a 1,4-lactone UniProt butyrolactones ChEBI gamma-Laktone ChEBI gamma-lactona ChEBI gamma-lactonas ChEBI gamma-lactones ChEBI An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. carboxamides carboxamides primary carboxamide carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of proteases (endopeptidases). Wikipedia:Protease_inhibitor_(biology) protease inhibitors protease inhibitor protease inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). BChE inhibitor BChE inhibitors BtChoEase inhibitor BtChoEase inhibitors EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitors EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitor EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitors anticholineesterase inhibitor anticholineesterase inhibitors anticholinesterase anticholinesterases benzoylcholinesterase inhibitor benzoylcholinesterase inhibitors butyrylcholine esterase inhibitor butyrylcholine esterase inhibitors butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitor choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitors choline esterase inhibitor choline esterase inhibitors cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitor cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitors cholinesterase inhibitor non-specific cholinesterase inhibitor non-specific cholinesterase inhibitors propionylcholinesterase inhibitor propionylcholinesterase inhibitors pseudocholinesterase inhibitor pseudocholinesterase inhibitors EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor BChE inhibitor ChEBI BChE inhibitors ChEBI BtChoEase inhibitor ChEBI BtChoEase inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitors ChEBI anticholineesterase inhibitor ChEBI anticholineesterase inhibitors ChEBI anticholinesterase ChEBI anticholinesterases ChEBI benzoylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI benzoylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI butyrylcholine esterase inhibitor ChEBI butyrylcholine esterase inhibitors ChEBI butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitor ChEBI choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitors ChEBI choline esterase inhibitor ChEBI choline esterase inhibitors ChEBI cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitor ChEBI cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitors ChEBI cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI non-specific cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI non-specific cholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI propionylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI propionylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI pseudocholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI pseudocholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI phosphoric ester Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone. glycerophospholipids phosphatide phosphatides phosphoglyceride phosphoglycerides glycerophospholipid glycerophospholipids ChEBI phosphatide ChEBI phosphatides ChEBI phosphoglyceride ChEBI phosphoglycerides ChEBI A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. 2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid penicillanic acid (2S,5R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid penicillanic acid 2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid IUPAC penicillanic acid ChemIDplus (2S,5R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid IUPAC A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. PDBeChem:NBU Wikipedia:Butane butane E 943a E-943a E943a N-BUTANE R-600 n-Butan n-C4H10 n-butane butane butane IUPAC butane UniProt E 943a ChEBI E-943a ChEBI E943a ChEBI N-BUTANE PDBeChem R-600 ChEBI n-Butan ChEBI n-C4H10 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook sulfuric acid derivative sulfuric acid derivatives sulfuric acid derivative sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulfuric acid derivatives ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group carboxylic acyl groups carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. adrenergic agonists adrenergic receptor agonist adrenoceptor agonists adrenomimetic adrenomimetics adrenergic agonist adrenergic agonists ChEBI adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR adrenomimetic ChEBI adrenomimetics ChEBI An agent that binds to but does not activate adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. adrenergic antagonists adrenergic blockaders adrenergic blocker adrenergic blockers adrenergic receptor blockaders adrenoceptor antagonists adrenergic antagonist adrenergic antagonists ChEBI adrenergic blockaders ChEBI adrenergic blocker ChEBI adrenergic blockers ChEBI adrenergic receptor blockaders ChEBI adrenoceptor antagonists IUPHAR An agent that binds to but does not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous alpha-adrenergic agonists. alpha-Adrenergic antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma. alpha-adrenergic antagonists alpha-adrenergic blocker alpha-adrenergic blockers alpha-adrenergic receptor blockaders alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists alpha-adrenergic antagonist alpha-adrenergic antagonists ChEBI alpha-adrenergic blocker ChEBI alpha-adrenergic blockers ChEBI alpha-adrenergic receptor blockaders ChEBI alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists IUPHAR Histamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. Wikipedia:Antihistamines antihistamine antihistamines antihistaminico antihistaminics histamine receptor blocker histamine receptor blockers histamine antagonist antihistamine ChEBI antihistamines ChEBI antihistaminico ChEBI antihistaminics ChEBI histamine receptor blocker ChEBI histamine receptor blockers ChEBI Drugs used for their actions on histaminergic systems. histamine agents histamine drugs histaminergic agent histaminergic agents histaminergic drugs histaminergic drug histamine agents ChEBI histamine drugs ChEBI histaminergic agent ChEBI histaminergic agents ChEBI histaminergic drugs ChEBI Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. adrenergic agents adrenergic drug adrenergic drugs adrenergic neuron agents adrenergics adrenergic agent adrenergic agents ChEBI adrenergic drug ChEBI adrenergic drugs ChEBI adrenergic neuron agents ChEBI adrenergics ChEBI A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. anti-arrhythmia agent antiarrhythmic agent anti-arrhythmia drug anti-arrhythmia agent ChEBI antiarrhythmic agent ChEBI A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. PPys poly(pyrrole)s polypyrroles polypyrrole PPys ChEBI poly(pyrrole)s ChEBI polypyrroles ChEBI Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. heterocyclic organooxygen compounds organooxygen heterocyclic compounds oxacycles oxacycle heterocyclic organooxygen compounds ChEBI organooxygen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI oxacycles ChEBI heterocyclic organosulfur compounds organosulfur heterocyclic compounds organosulfur heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organosulfur compounds ChEBI organosulfur heterocyclic compounds ChEBI iron chelating agents iron chelators iron chelator iron chelating agents ChEBI iron chelators ChEBI A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate. KEGG:C00917 KEGG:C02169 Chelating agent Metal chelator chelating agents chelators complexon chelator Chelating agent KEGG_COMPOUND Metal chelator KEGG_COMPOUND chelating agents ChEBI chelators ChEBI complexon ChEBI organic heteropolycyclic compounds organic heteropolycyclic compound organic heteropolycyclic compounds ChEBI monocyclic heteroarenes monocyclic heteroarene monocyclic heteroarenes ChEBI A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid. A 'closed class'. pyridinemonocarboxylates pyridinemonocarboxylate pyridinemonocarboxylates ChEBI A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent. monohydroxypyridines monohydroxypyridine monohydroxypyridines ChEBI pyridinecarbaldehydes pyridinecarbaldehyde pyridinecarbaldehydes ChEBI Any member of the class of pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position. hydroxymethylpyridines hydroxymethylpyridine hydroxymethylpyridines ChEBI One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. calcium channel antagonist calcium channel antagonists calcium channel blockers calcium channel blocker calcium channel antagonist ChEBI calcium channel antagonists ChEBI calcium channel blockers ChEBI Any inhibitor of a DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase inhibitor A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. KEGG:C16434 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid IUPAC azabicycloalkanes azabicycloalkane azabicycloalkanes ChEBI thiabicycloalkanes thiabicycloalkane thiabicycloalkanes ChEBI cephems cephem cephems ChEBI Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure). diazines An EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27). 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) inhibitor 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) inhibitors 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitor 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitors 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating) inhibitor 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating) inhibitors 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase inhibitor 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase inhibitors EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitors EC 1.13.11.27 inhibitor EC 1.13.11.27 inhibitors HPPD inhibitor HPPD inhibitors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitor p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase inhibitor p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase inhibitors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase inhibitor p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase inhibitors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase inhibitor p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase inhibitors p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase inhibitor p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase inhibitors EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) inhibitor ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) inhibitors ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitor ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitors ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating) inhibitor ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating) inhibitors ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase inhibitor ChEBI 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.13.11.27 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.13.11.27 inhibitors ChEBI HPPD inhibitor ChEBI HPPD inhibitors ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitor ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitors ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase inhibitor ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase inhibitors ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase inhibitor ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase inhibitors ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase inhibitor ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase inhibitors ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase inhibitor ChEBI p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase inhibitors ChEBI Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. cholinergic agent cholinergic drugs cholinomimetic cholinergic drug cholinergic agent ChEBI cholinergic drugs ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. acetylcholine agonist acetylcholine agonists acetylcholine receptor agonist cholinergic agonists cholinomimetic cholinomimetics cholinergic agonist acetylcholine agonist ChEBI acetylcholine agonists ChEBI acetylcholine receptor agonist IUPHAR cholinergic agonists ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI cholinomimetics ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists muscarinic cholinergic agonist muscarinic cholinergic agonists muscarinic agonist muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ChEBI muscarinic agonists ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonist ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonists ChEBI A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents. pyrimidones pyrimidone pyrimidones ChEBI A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives. aminopyrimidines aminopyrimidine aminopyrimidines ChEBI 1,3-thiazoles 1,3-thiazoles 1,3-thiazoles ChEBI 1-benzopyrans 1-benzopyran 1-benzopyrans ChEBI An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. Wikipedia:Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor AChEI AcCholE inhibitor AcCholE inhibitors EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitors EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitor EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitors acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitor acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitors acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitor acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitors acetylcholine esterase inhibitor acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitor acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitors acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitor acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitors acetylcholinesterase inhibitor acetylcholinesterase inhibitors acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitor acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitors choline esterase I inhibitor choline esterase I inhibitors cholinesterase inhibitor cholinesterase inhibitors true cholinesterase inhibitor true cholinesterase inhibitors EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor AChEI ChEBI AcCholE inhibitor ChEBI AcCholE inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitors ChEBI acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholine esterase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI choline esterase I inhibitor ChEBI choline esterase I inhibitors ChEBI cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI cholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI true cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI true cholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4). Wikipedia:Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors EC 1.4.3.4 inhibitor EC 1.4.3.4 inhibitors MAO A inhibitor MAO A inhibitors MAO B inhibitor MAO B inhibitors MAO inhibitor MAO inhibitors MAO-A inhibitor MAO-A inhibitors MAO-B inhibitor MAO-B inhibitors adrenalin oxidase inhibitor adrenalin oxidase inhibitors adrenaline oxidase inhibitor adrenaline oxidase inhibitors amine oxidase (flavin-containing) inhibitor amine oxidase (flavin-containing) inhibitors amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing) inhibitor amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing) inhibitors amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors epinephrine oxidase inhibitor epinephrine oxidase inhibitors monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitor monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitors monoamine oxidase A inhibitor monoamine oxidase A inhibitors monoamine oxidase B inhibitor monoamine oxidase B inhibitors monoamine oxidase inhibitor monoamine oxidase inhibitors monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors serotonin deaminase inhibitor serotonin deaminase inhibitors tyraminase inhibitor tyraminase inhibitors tyramine oxidase inhibitor tyramine oxidase inhibitors EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.4.3.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.4.3.4 inhibitors ChEBI MAO A inhibitor ChEBI MAO A inhibitors ChEBI MAO B inhibitor ChEBI MAO B inhibitors ChEBI MAO inhibitor ChEBI MAO inhibitors ChEBI MAO-A inhibitor ChEBI MAO-A inhibitors ChEBI MAO-B inhibitor ChEBI MAO-B inhibitors ChEBI adrenalin oxidase inhibitor ChEBI adrenalin oxidase inhibitors ChEBI adrenaline oxidase inhibitor ChEBI adrenaline oxidase inhibitors ChEBI amine oxidase (flavin-containing) inhibitor ChEBI amine oxidase (flavin-containing) inhibitors ChEBI amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing) inhibitor ChEBI amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing) inhibitors ChEBI amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor ChEBI amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors ChEBI epinephrine oxidase inhibitor ChEBI epinephrine oxidase inhibitors ChEBI monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitor ChEBI monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitors ChEBI monoamine oxidase A inhibitor ChEBI monoamine oxidase A inhibitors ChEBI monoamine oxidase B inhibitor ChEBI monoamine oxidase B inhibitors ChEBI monoamine oxidase inhibitor ChEBI monoamine oxidase inhibitors ChEBI monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor ChEBI monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors ChEBI serotonin deaminase inhibitor ChEBI serotonin deaminase inhibitors ChEBI tyraminase inhibitor ChEBI tyraminase inhibitors ChEBI tyramine oxidase inhibitor ChEBI tyramine oxidase inhibitors ChEBI Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane. membrane transport modulators membrane transport modulator membrane transport modulators ChEBI An agent that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes. Na channel blocker sodium channel blockers sodium channel blocker Na channel blocker ChEBI sodium channel blockers ChEBI organic sodium salt organic sodium salts organic sodium salt organic sodium salt ChEBI organic sodium salts ChEBI Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. carboxylic acid dianion carboxylic acid dianions carboxylic acid dianion carboxylic acid dianion ChEBI carboxylic acid dianions ChEBI pteroate DrugBank:DB04196 Pteroic acid Pteroinsaeure pteroic acid Pteroic acid ChemIDplus Pteroinsaeure ChEBI pteroic acids pteroates A membrane transport modulator that is able to regulate intracellular calcium levels. calcium channel modulators calcium channel modulator calcium channel modulators ChEBI Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. anaesthetic Anaesthetika Anaesthetikum anaesthetics anesthetic agent anesthetic drug anesthetics anaesthetic anaesthetic IUPAC Anaesthetika ChEBI Anaesthetikum ChEBI anaesthetics ChEBI anesthetic agent ChEBI anesthetic drug ChEBI anesthetics ChEBI Substance that produces loss of consciousness. general anaesthetic Allgemeinanaesthetika Allgemeinanaesthetikum general anaesthetics general anesthetics general anaesthetic general anaesthetic IUPAC Allgemeinanaesthetika ChEBI Allgemeinanaesthetikum ChEBI general anaesthetics ChEBI general anesthetics ChEBI Inhalationsanaesthetika Inhalationsanaesthetikum Inhalationsnarkotika Inhalationsnarkotikum anesthetic gases inhalation anesthetics inhalation anaesthetic Inhalationsanaesthetika ChEBI Inhalationsanaesthetikum ChEBI Inhalationsnarkotika ChEBI Inhalationsnarkotikum ChEBI anesthetic gases ChEBI inhalation anesthetics ChEBI i.v.-Anaesthetika i.v.-Anaesthetikum intravenous anesthetics intravenous anaesthetic i.v.-Anaesthetika ChEBI i.v.-Anaesthetikum ChEBI intravenous anesthetics ChEBI benzopteridines benzopteridine benzopteridines ChEBI Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. methylbenzenes methylbenzene methylbenzenes ChEBI A monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups. alkylbenzene Alkylbenzol alkylbenzenes alkylbenzene alkylbenzene ChEBI Alkylbenzol ChEBI alkylbenzenes ChEBI sodium channel modulators sodium channel modulator sodium channel modulators ChEBI calcium cation calcium cations calcium cation calcium cation ChEBI calcium cations ChEBI calcium ion calcium ions calcium ion calcium ion ChEBI calcium ions ChEBI A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination. branched-chain saturated fatty acid branched saturated fatty acid branched saturated fatty acids branched-chain saturated fatty acids branched-chain saturated fatty acid branched-chain saturated fatty acid ChEBI branched saturated fatty acid ChEBI branched saturated fatty acids ChEBI branched-chain saturated fatty acids ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain. straight-chain saturated fatty acid straight-chain saturated fatty acids straight-chain saturated fatty acid straight-chain saturated fatty acid ChEBI straight-chain saturated fatty acids ChEBI pyrimidine ribonucleosides Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure. pyrimidines Any drug which can be used to prevent or alleviate glaucoma, a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, though not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. anti-glaucoma agent anti-glaucoma agents anti-glaucoma drug anti-glaucoma drugs antiglaucoma agent antiglaucoma drugs antiglaucoma drug anti-glaucoma agent ChEBI anti-glaucoma agents ChEBI anti-glaucoma drug ChEBI anti-glaucoma drugs ChEBI antiglaucoma agent ChEBI antiglaucoma drugs ChEBI A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. DrugBank:DB02831 PDBeChem:2HP dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) dihydrogenphosphate dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION H2PO4(-) [PO2(OH)2](-) dihydrogenphosphate dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) IUPAC dihydrogenphosphate IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) IUPAC DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem H2PO4(-) IUPAC [PO2(OH)2](-) IUPAC KEGG:C02019 Cyclic ketone cyclic ketones cyclic ketone Cyclic ketone KEGG_COMPOUND cyclic ketones IUPAC PDBeChem:CO3 carbonate trioxidocarbonate(2-) CARBONATE ION CO3(2-) Karbonat [CO3](2-) carbonate carbonate IUPAC trioxidocarbonate(2-) IUPAC CARBONATE ION PDBeChem CO3(2-) ChEBI Karbonat ChEBI [CO3](2-) IUPAC PDBeChem:FOR FORMYL GROUP aldehyde group carbaldehyde formyl -CH(O) -CHO Fo H-CO- methanoyl formyl group FORMYL GROUP PDBeChem aldehyde group IUPAC carbaldehyde IUPAC formyl IUPAC -CH(O) IUPAC -CHO IUPAC Fo CBN H-CO- IUPAC methanoyl IUPAC PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI (4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. MolBase:1628 PDBeChem:PI PDBeChem:PO4 hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) hydrogenphosphate hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) HPO4(2-) HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP [P(OH)O3](2-) [PO3(OH)](2-) hydrogen phosphate phosphate hydrogenphosphate hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) IUPAC hydrogenphosphate IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) IUPAC HPO4(2-) IUPAC HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP PDBeChem [P(OH)O3](2-) MolBase [PO3(OH)](2-) IUPAC hydrogen phosphate ChEBI phosphate UniProt A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1. DrugBank:DB03659 MetaCyc:BUTYLAMINE PDBeChem:LYT Wikipedia:N-Butylamine butan-1-amine 1-Aminobutan 1-aminobutane 1-butanamine 1-butylamine BUTYLAMINE butanamine butylamine mono-n-butylamine monobutylamine n-Butylamin n-C4H9NH2 n-butylamine butan-1-amine butan-1-amine IUPAC 1-Aminobutan ChemIDplus 1-aminobutane ChemIDplus 1-butanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 1-butylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook BUTYLAMINE PDBeChem butanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook butylamine ChemIDplus mono-n-butylamine ChemIDplus monobutylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-Butylamin ChemIDplus n-C4H9NH2 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butylamine ChemIDplus PDBeChem:NBU 1-methylpropyl SEC-BUTYL GROUP butan-2-ido butan-2-yl sec-butyl -CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)- but-2-yl isoleucine side-chain s-butyl sec-butyl group 1-methylpropyl IUPAC SEC-BUTYL GROUP PDBeChem butan-2-ido IUPAC butan-2-yl IUPAC sec-butyl IUPAC -CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 ChEBI CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)- IUPAC but-2-yl ChEBI isoleucine side-chain ChEBI s-butyl ChEBI hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) hydrogensulfate hydrogensulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) HSO4(-) HYDROGEN SULFATE [SO3(OH)](-) hydrogensulfate hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogensulfate IUPAC hydrogensulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC HSO4(-) IUPAC HYDROGEN SULFATE PDBeChem [SO3(OH)](-) IUPAC A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. Chemspider:4445197 FooDB:FDB013228 HMDB:HMDB0001072 KEGG:C11378 KEGG:D01065 KNApSAcK:C00002866 MetaCyc:UBIQUINONE-10 PDBeChem:U10 Wikipedia:Coenzyme_Q10 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-yl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Coenzyme Q10 coenzyme Q10 2-((all-E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-tetracontadecaenyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-p-benzoquinone 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-yl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone Adelir CoQ CoQ10 Q Q 199 Q10 UBIQUINONE-10 Ubidecarenone Ubiquinone-10 all-trans-ubiquinone ubiquinone ubiquinone 10 ubiquinone 50 ubiquinone-10 coenzyme Q10 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-yl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione IUPAC Coenzyme Q10 KEGG_COMPOUND coenzyme Q10 ChemIDplus 2-((all-E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-tetracontadecaenyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-p-benzoquinone ChemIDplus 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-yl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ChEBI Adelir KEGG_DRUG CoQ ChEBI CoQ10 ChEBI Q ChEBI Q 199 ChemIDplus Q10 ChEBI UBIQUINONE-10 PDBeChem Ubidecarenone KEGG_COMPOUND Ubiquinone-10 KEGG_COMPOUND all-trans-ubiquinone ChEBI ubiquinone ChEBI ubiquinone 10 ChemIDplus ubiquinone 50 ChemIDplus ubiquinone-10 UniProt PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP oxo =O oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). Wikipedia:Mineral mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral mineral ChEBI Minerale ChEBI minerales ChEBI minerals ChEBI mineraux ChEBI 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione IUPAC carbonate salts carbonate salt carbonate salts ChEBI phosphate minerals phosphate mineral phosphate minerals ChEBI A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Wikipedia:Solvent Loesungsmittel solvant solvents solvent Loesungsmittel ChEBI solvant ChEBI solvents ChEBI PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP carboxy -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of oxalic acid. carboxyformate Hox hydrogen ethanedioate hydrogen oxalate oxalate(1-) carboxyformate IUPAC Hox IUPAC hydrogen ethanedioate IUPAC hydrogen oxalate ChEBI A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. DrugBank:DB01783 FooDB:FDB008322 HMDB:HMDB0000210 KEGG:C00864 KEGG:D07413 KNApSAcK:C00001550 MetaCyc:PANTOTHENATE PDBeChem:PAU Wikipedia:Pantothenic_Acid 3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoic acid (+)-Pantothenic acid (R)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-beta-alanine D(+)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine D-(+)-pantothenic acid D-pantothenic acid N-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]-beta-alanine PANTOTHENOIC ACID Pantothenic acid chick antidermatitis factor vitamin B5 (R)-pantothenic acid 3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoic acid IUPAC (+)-Pantothenic acid HMDB (R)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-beta-alanine ChemIDplus D(+)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine ChemIDplus D-(+)-pantothenic acid ChEBI D-pantothenic acid ChemIDplus N-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]-beta-alanine PDBeChem PANTOTHENOIC ACID PDBeChem Pantothenic acid KEGG_COMPOUND chick antidermatitis factor ChemIDplus vitamin B5 ChemIDplus 2,5-diammoniopentanoate ornithinium ornithinium(1+) ornithine monocation ornithinium(1+) 2,5-diammoniopentanoate IUPAC ornithinium IUPAC ornithinium(1+) JCBN ornithine monocation JCBN 1-carboxybutane-1,4-diaminium ornithinediium ornithinium(2+) ornithine dication ornithinium(2+) 1-carboxybutane-1,4-diaminium IUPAC ornithinediium IUPAC ornithinium(2+) JCBN ornithine dication JCBN tetrahydrofuranols tetrahydrofuranol tetrahydrofuranols ChEBI dihydroxytetrahydrofurans dihydroxytetrahydrofuran dihydroxytetrahydrofurans ChEBI Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. glyceride glycerides acylglycerols glycerides glyceride glyceride ChEBI glycerides IUPAC acylglycerols ChEBI glycerides ChEBI penamcarboxylates penamcarboxylate penamcarboxylates ChEBI urea derivatives ureas urea derivatives ChEBI A chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells. photosensitising agent photosensitizing agent photosensitising agent ChEBI macrocyclic polypyrroles cyclic polypyrroles polypyrrole macrocycles cyclic polypyrrole macrocyclic polypyrroles IUPAC cyclic polypyrroles ChEBI polypyrrole macrocycles ChEBI Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group. steroid acids steroid acid steroid acids ChEBI An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Wikipedia:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor muscarinic agonists nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists nicotinic agonist nicotinic agonists nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists ChEBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists ChEBI nicotinic agonist ChEBI nicotinic agonists ChEBI A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein. protein synthesis antagonist protein synthesis antagonists protein synthesis inhibitors protein synthesis inhibitor protein synthesis antagonist ChEBI protein synthesis antagonists ChEBI protein synthesis inhibitors ChEBI Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides sulfur oxide Schwefeloxide ChEBI oxides of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxides ChEBI A substance used locally on humans and other animals to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity (cf. disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects, and antibiotics, which can be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body). Wikipedia:Antiseptic antiseptic antiseptic agent antiseptic agents antiseptics local antiinfective agents local microbicides topical antiinfective agents topical microbicides antiseptic drug antiseptic ChEBI antiseptic agent ChEBI antiseptic agents ChEBI antiseptics ChEBI local antiinfective agents ChEBI local microbicides ChEBI topical antiinfective agents ChEBI topical microbicides ChEBI An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity. Desinfektionsmittel desinfectant disinfectants disinfecting agent disinfectant Desinfektionsmittel ChEBI desinfectant ChEBI disinfectants ChEBI disinfecting agent ChEBI serotonergic agents serotonergic drugs serotonin drugs serotonergic drug serotonergic agents ChEBI serotonergic drugs ChEBI serotonin drugs ChEBI A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. polar solvent polar solvents polar solvent polar solvent IUPAC polar solvents ChEBI non-polar solvent A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. protogenic solvent protic solvent protogenic solvent IUPAC Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor. protophilic solvent HBA solvent hydrogen bond acceptor solvent protophilic solvent protophilic solvent IUPAC HBA solvent ChEBI hydrogen bond acceptor solvent ChEBI Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases. amphiprotic solvent amphiprotic solvent amphiprotic solvent IUPAC carbamimidic acid H2N-C(=NH)-OH H2N-C(OH)=NH HO-C(=NH)-NH2 Isoharnstoff carbamimic acid carbonamidimidic acid isourea pseudourea carbamimidic acid carbamimidic acid IUPAC H2N-C(=NH)-OH IUPAC H2N-C(OH)=NH IUPAC HO-C(=NH)-NH2 IUPAC Isoharnstoff ChEBI carbamimic acid ChemIDplus carbonamidimidic acid IUPAC isourea ChemIDplus pseudourea ChemIDplus Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH). imidic acid imidic acids imidic acids imino acids imidic acid imidic acid ChEBI imidic acids IUPAC imidic acids ChEBI imino acids IUPAC carboximidic acid carboximidic acids carboximidic acids carboximidic acid carboximidic acid ChEBI carboximidic acids IUPAC carboximidic acids ChEBI A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. isoureas isoureas isourea isoureas IUPAC isoureas ChEBI A drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Wikipedia:Antiparkinson antiparkinson agent antiparkinson drug antiparkinson agent ChEBI An agent and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels. Wikipedia:Angiogenesis_inhibitor angiogenesis antagonist angiostatic agents anti-angiogenic agent angiogenesis inhibitor angiogenesis antagonist ChEBI angiostatic agents ChEBI anti-angiogenic agent ChEBI A local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. topical anaesthetics topical anesthetic topical anaesthetic topical anaesthetics ChEBI topical anesthetic ChEBI Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. alpha-adrenergic drugs alpha-adrenergic drug alpha-adrenergic drugs ChEBI Any of the drugs that act on beta-adrenergic receptors. beta-adrenergic drugs beta-adrenergic drug beta-adrenergic drugs ChEBI A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons. dopamine agent dopamine agents dopamine drug dopamine drugs dopaminergic agents dopaminergic agent dopamine agent ChEBI dopamine agents ChEBI dopamine drug ChEBI dopamine drugs ChEBI dopaminergic agents ChEBI A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. dopamine antagonist dopamine blocker dopamine receptor antagonist dopaminergic antagonists dopaminergic antagonist dopamine antagonist ChEBI dopamine blocker ChEBI dopamine receptor antagonist ChEBI dopaminergic antagonists ChEBI A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals. free radical scavengers free-radical scavenger radical scavenger free radical scavengers ChEBI free-radical scavenger ChEBI Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. agonist agonista agoniste agonists agonist agonist IUPAC agonista ChEBI agoniste ChEBI agonists ChEBI Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. antagonist antagonista antagoniste antagonists antagonist antagonist IUPAC antagonista ChEBI antagoniste ChEBI antagonists ChEBI KEGG:C00094 KNApSAcK:C00019662 PDBeChem:SO3 Sulfurous acid dihydrogen trioxosulfate dihydroxidooxidosulfur sulfurous acid trioxosulfuric acid H2SO3 S(O)(OH)2 Sulfite [SO(OH)2] acide sulfureux acido sulfuroso schweflige Saeure sulphurous acid sulfurous acid Sulfurous acid KEGG_COMPOUND dihydrogen trioxosulfate IUPAC dihydroxidooxidosulfur IUPAC sulfurous acid IUPAC trioxosulfuric acid IUPAC H2SO3 IUPAC S(O)(OH)2 IUPAC Sulfite KEGG_COMPOUND [SO(OH)2] IUPAC acide sulfureux ChEBI acido sulfuroso ChEBI schweflige Saeure ChemIDplus sulphurous acid ChemIDplus Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. Anticholinergika Anticholinergikum acetylcholine antagonists acetylcholine receptor antagonist agent anticholinergique agente anticolinergico agentes anticolinergicos anticholinergic agents anticholinergics anticholinergiques anticolinergicos cholinergic-blocking agents cholinergic antagonist Anticholinergika ChEBI Anticholinergikum ChEBI acetylcholine antagonists ChEBI acetylcholine receptor antagonist IUPHAR agent anticholinergique ChEBI agente anticolinergico ChEBI agentes anticolinergicos ChEBI anticholinergic agents ChEBI anticholinergics ChEBI anticholinergiques ChEBI anticolinergicos ChEBI cholinergic-blocking agents ChEBI A drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists. Antimuskarinika Antimuskarinikum agente antimuscarinico agentes antimuscarinicos agents antimuscariniques antimuscarinic agents antimuscarinicos muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist muscarinic antagonists muscarinic antagonist Antimuskarinika ChEBI Antimuskarinikum ChEBI agente antimuscarinico ChEBI agentes antimuscarinicos ChEBI agents antimuscariniques ChEBI antimuscarinic agents ChEBI antimuscarinicos ChEBI muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist ChEBI muscarinic antagonists ChEBI An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. Wikipedia:Nicotinic_antagonist agente antinicotinico agentes antinicotinicos agents antinicotiniques antinicotinicos nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists nicotinic antagonists nicotinic cholinergic antagonist nicotinic cholinergic antagonists nicotinic antagonist agente antinicotinico ChEBI agentes antinicotinicos ChEBI agents antinicotiniques ChEBI antinicotinicos ChEBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist ChEBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists ChEBI nicotinic antagonists ChEBI nicotinic cholinergic antagonist ChEBI nicotinic cholinergic antagonists ChEBI An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom. thiazole thiazoles thiazole ChEBI Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent. KEGG:C02850 N-Acyl-L-amino acid N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid N-Acyl-L-amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane Phytan phytane 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane IUPAC Phytan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. hormone antagonists hormone antagonist hormone antagonists ChEBI beta-amino-acid anion drug metabolites drug metabolite drug metabolites ChEBI An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene. heteroarenecarbaldehyde A drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level. LTRA leukotriene antagonists leukotriene receptor antagonist leukotriene receptor antagonists leukotriene antagonist LTRA DrugBank leukotriene antagonists ChEBI leukotriene receptor antagonist ChEBI leukotriene receptor antagonists ChEBI A drug used to treat asthma. anti-asthmatic agent anti-asthmatic agents anti-asthmatic drugs anti-asthmatic drug anti-asthmatic agent ChEBI anti-asthmatic agents ChEBI anti-asthmatic drugs ChEBI One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. anti-ulcer agent anti-ulcer agents anti-ulcer drugs anti-ulcer drug anti-ulcer agent ChEBI anti-ulcer agents ChEBI anti-ulcer drugs ChEBI A chemical substance that prevents or reduces the probability of conception. contraceptive agent contraceptive drugs contraceptive drug contraceptive agent ChEBI contraceptive drugs ChEBI A chemical substance or agent with contraceptive activity in females. female contraceptive agent female contraceptive drugs female contraceptive drug female contraceptive agent ChEBI female contraceptive drugs ChEBI A compound, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. oral contraceptives oral contraceptive oral contraceptives ChEBI WebElements:H hydrogen 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. organic amino compounds organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI An agent that binds to and activates excitatory amino acid receptors. excitatory amino acid agonists excitatory amino acid receptor agonist excitatory amino acid receptor agonists excitatory amino acid agonist excitatory amino acid agonists ChEBI excitatory amino acid receptor agonist ChEBI excitatory amino acid receptor agonists ChEBI sodium 2-oxopropanoate Natriumpyruvat pyruvic acid, sodium salt sodium pyruvate sodium 2-oxopropanoate IUPAC Natriumpyruvat ChEBI pyruvic acid, sodium salt ChemIDplus Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid. steroid acid anions steroid acid anion steroid acid anions ChEBI A drug that softens, separates, and causes desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. Keratolytic drugs are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases. desquamating agent keratolytic agent keratolytic drugs skin-peeling agent keratolytic drug desquamating agent ChEBI keratolytic agent ChEBI keratolytic drugs ChEBI skin-peeling agent ChEBI A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. dermatologic agent dermatologic drugs dermatological agent dermatologic drug dermatologic agent ChEBI dermatologic drugs ChEBI dermatological agent ChEBI A substance that can be converted into a vitamin by animal tissues. Wikipedia:Provitamin provitamins provitamin provitamins ChEBI Any protective agent counteracting or neutralizing the action of poisons. antidotes antidote antidotes ChEBI Drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system. hematologic agents hematologic agent hematologic agents ChEBI An agent that prevents blood clotting. anticoagulante anticoagulants anticoagulant anticoagulante ChEBI anticoagulants ChEBI Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring. Thiazides tiazidas thiazide Thiazides ChEBI tiazidas ChEBI Heterocyclic compound of a ring with sulfur and two nitrogen atoms fused to a benzene ring. Members inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride symporters and are used as diuretics. Benzothiadiazines benzothiadiazines benzothiadiazine Benzothiadiazines ChEBI benzothiadiazines ChEBI A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug. Wikipedia:Prodrug Prodrugs prodrug Prodrugs ChEBI Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent. chemoprotectant chemoprotectants chemoprotective agent chemoprotective agents protective agents protective agent chemoprotectant ChEBI chemoprotectants ChEBI chemoprotective agent ChEBI chemoprotective agents ChEBI protective agents ChEBI A substance that does not act as agonist or antagonist but does affect the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which benzodiazepines act by increasing the opening frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid-activated chloride channels; a site at which barbiturates act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GABA modulators GABA modulator GABA modulators ChEBI onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations onium cations onium ion onium ions onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI fluoranium fluoronium H2F(+) [FH2](+) fluoronium fluoranium IUPAC fluoronium IUPAC H2F(+) IUPAC [FH2](+) ChEBI A univalent organyl group obtained by cleaving the bond from C-2 to the side chain of a proteinogenic amino-acid. canonical amino-acid side-chain canonical amino-acid side-chains proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups proteinogenic amino-acid side-chains proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group canonical amino-acid side-chain ChEBI canonical amino-acid side-chains ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chains ChEBI sulfanylmethyl -CH2-SH HS-CH2- cysteine side-chain sulfanylmethyl group sulfanylmethyl IUPAC -CH2-SH IUPAC HS-CH2- IUPAC cysteine side-chain ChEBI 2-carboxyethyl glutamic acid side-chain 2-carboxyethyl group 2-carboxyethyl IUPAC glutamic acid side-chain ChEBI pyridinium ions pyridinium ion pyridinium ions ChEBI 4-hydroxybenzyl tyrosine side-chain 4-hydroxybenzyl group 4-hydroxybenzyl IUPAC tyrosine side-chain ChEBI 4-aminobutyl lysine side-chain 4-aminobutyl group 4-aminobutyl IUPAC lysine side-chain ChEBI 3-carbamimidamidopropyl 3-(carbamimidoylamino)propyl 3-guanidinopropyl arginine side-chain 3-carbamimidamidopropyl group 3-carbamimidamidopropyl IUPAC 3-(carbamimidoylamino)propyl IUPAC 3-guanidinopropyl ChEBI arginine side-chain ChEBI Any cholinergic antagonist that inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the muscarinic antagonists. parasympatholytics parasympatholytic parasympatholytics ChEBI Any steroid based on a cholestane skeleton and its derivatives. cholestanoids cholestanoid cholestanoids ChEBI A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system. platelet aggregation inhibitors platelet aggregation inhibitor platelet aggregation inhibitors ChEBI Substance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc. sweetener sweeteners sweetening agent sweetener ChEBI sweeteners ChEBI An agent that inhibits cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. potassium channel blocker potassium channel modulator A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives. Wikipedia:Butenolide furan-2-one 2-furanone butenolides butenolide furan-2-one IUPAC 2-furanone ChEBI butenolides ChEBI An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position. alkyl alcohols hydroxyalkane hydroxyalkanes alkyl alcohol alkyl alcohols ChEBI hydroxyalkane ChEBI hydroxyalkanes ChEBI MMPI matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MMPI ChEBI matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors ChEBI A substance used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy. reproductive control agent reproductive control drugs reproductive control drug reproductive control agent ChEBI reproductive control drugs ChEBI A chemical substance that interrupts pregnancy after implantation. Wikipedia:Abortifacient abortifacient agent abortifacient agents abortifacient drug abortifacient drugs abortifacients abortifacient abortifacient agent ChEBI abortifacient agents ChEBI abortifacient drug ChEBI abortifacient drugs ChEBI abortifacients ChEBI A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues. KEGG:C00930 Oligosaccharide oligosaccharides O-glycosylglycoside O-glycosylglycosides oligosacarido oligosacaridos oligosaccharide Oligosaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND oligosaccharides IUPAC O-glycosylglycoside ChEBI O-glycosylglycosides ChEBI oligosacarido ChEBI oligosacaridos IUPAC A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance. Dietary Supplement Food Supplementation Nutritional supplement nutraceutical Dietary Supplement ChEBI Food Supplementation ChEBI Nutritional supplement ChEBI A substance that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. It acts as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. It can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure. estrogen receptor modulator Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a thiopyran. thiochromanes thiochromane thiochromanes ChEBI An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) and so reduces production of estrogenic steroid hormones. Wikipedia:Aromatase_inhibitor EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.14 inhibitor EC 1.14.14.14 inhibitors aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) inhibitor aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) inhibitors aromatase inhibitor aromatase inhibitors estrogen synthase inhibitor estrogen synthase inhibitors estrogen synthetase inhibitor estrogen synthetase inhibitors oestrogen synthase inhibitor oestrogen synthase inhibitors oestrogen synthetase inhibitor oestrogen synthetase inhibitors EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.14.14.14 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.14.14.14 inhibitors ChEBI aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) inhibitor ChEBI aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) inhibitors ChEBI aromatase inhibitor ChEBI aromatase inhibitors ChEBI estrogen synthase inhibitor ChEBI estrogen synthase inhibitors ChEBI estrogen synthetase inhibitor ChEBI estrogen synthetase inhibitors ChEBI oestrogen synthase inhibitor ChEBI oestrogen synthase inhibitors ChEBI oestrogen synthetase inhibitor ChEBI oestrogen synthetase inhibitors ChEBI A drug used to treat hyperparathyroidism by reducing the excessive production of parathyroid hormones. antiparathyroid agent antiparathyroid agents antiparathyroid drugs antiparathyroid drug antiparathyroid agent ChEBI antiparathyroid agents ChEBI antiparathyroid drugs ChEBI A compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of estrogens. oestrogen antagonist estrogen antagonist oestrogen antagonist ChEBI Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system. Wikipedia:Immunotherapy Biomodulator Immune factor Immunologic factor Immunological factor immunomodulators immunomodulator Biomodulator ChEBI Immune factor ChEBI Immunologic factor ChEBI Immunological factor ChEBI immunomodulators ChEBI A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. Wikipedia:Immunologic_adjuvant Immunoactivator Immunoadjuvant Immunologic adjuvant Immunopotentiator Immunostimulant immunological adjuvant Immunoactivator ChEBI Immunoadjuvant ChEBI Immunologic adjuvant ChEBI Immunopotentiator ChEBI Immunostimulant ChEBI A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherogenesis, the accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layers of the arteries. Compare with antiatherosclerotic agent. antiatherogenic agent anti-atherogenic agent anti-atherogenic agents anti-atherogenic drug anti-atherogenic drugs antiatherogenic agents antiatherogenic drug antiatherogenic drugs antiatherogenic agent antiatherogenic agent ChEBI anti-atherogenic agent ChEBI anti-atherogenic agents ChEBI anti-atherogenic drug ChEBI anti-atherogenic drugs ChEBI antiatherogenic agents ChEBI antiatherogenic drug ChEBI antiatherogenic drugs ChEBI A drug used to treat allergic reactions. anti-allergic agents anti-allergic drug anti-allergic drugs anti-allergic agent anti-allergic agents ChEBI anti-allergic drug ChEBI anti-allergic drugs ChEBI A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland. corticoides corticosteroides corticosteroids corticosteroid corticoides ChEBI corticosteroides ChEBI corticosteroids ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells. Wikipedia:Genotoxicity genotoxic agent genotoxic agents genotoxins genotoxin genotoxic agent ChEBI genotoxic agents ChEBI genotoxins ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. agente carcinogeno cancerigene cancerogene carcinogen carcinogene carcinogenic agents carcinogeno carcinogens carcinogenic agent agente carcinogeno ChEBI cancerigene ChEBI cancerogene ChEBI carcinogen ChEBI carcinogene ChEBI carcinogenic agents ChEBI carcinogeno ChEBI carcinogens ChEBI A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. Wikipedia:Allergen alergeno allergene allergenic agent allergen alergeno ChEBI allergene ChEBI allergenic agent ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect. agent teratogene teratogen teratogeno teratogenic agent agent teratogene ChEBI teratogen ChEBI teratogeno ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. Wikipedia:Neurotoxin agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI A drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors. Wikipedia:Antiemetic anti-emetic anti-emetics antiemetico antiemetics antiemetic anti-emetic ChEBI anti-emetics ChEBI antiemetico ChEBI antiemetics ChEBI An agent that modulates the physiologic angiogenesis process. This is accomplished by endogenous angiogenic proteins and a variety of other chemicals and pharmaceutical agents. angiogenesis modulating agent A compound that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent. Wikipedia:Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor SSRI serotonin reuptake inhibitor serotonin uptake inhibitor SSRI ChEBI serotonin reuptake inhibitor ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. primary amino compounds primary amino compound primary amino compounds ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. tertiary amino compounds tertiary amino compound tertiary amino compounds ChEBI A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system. Wikipedia:Macrocycle macrocycle Makrocyclen Makrozyklen macrocycles makrocyclische Verbindungen makrozyklische Verbindungen macrocycle macrocycle IUPAC Makrocyclen ChEBI Makrozyklen ChEBI macrocycles ChEBI makrocyclische Verbindungen ChEBI makrozyklische Verbindungen ChEBI A dopaminergic agent that blocks the transport of dopamine into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the adrenergic uptake inhibitors also inhibit dopamine uptake. Wikipedia:Dopamine_uptake_inhibitor DARI DRI dopamine reuptake inhibitor dopamine reuptake inhibitors dopamine uptake inhibitors dopamine uptake inhibitor DARI ChEBI DRI ChEBI dopamine reuptake inhibitor ChEBI dopamine reuptake inhibitors ChEBI dopamine uptake inhibitors ChEBI A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. hormone receptor modulators hormone receptor modulator hormone receptor modulators ChEBI A drug that binds to and activates dopamine receptors. Agonista dopaminergico Dopamine receptor agonist Dopaminergic agonist dopamine agonist Agonista dopaminergico ChEBI Dopamine receptor agonist ChEBI Dopaminergic agonist ChEBI A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role KEGG:C06061 Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. dipolar compounds dipolar compound dipolar compounds ChEBI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. acenes Compounds containing a tetracene skeleton. naphthacenes tetracenes naphthacenes ChEBI Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion. metal sulfates metal sulfate metal sulfates ChEBI Any anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of a penicillin. a penicillin penicillin anion penicillin anions penicillinate anion a penicillin UniProt penicillin anion ChEBI penicillin anions ChEBI A drug used to produce muscle relaxation (excepting neuromuscular blocking agents). Its primary clinical and therapeutic use is the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. Also used for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis. muscle relaxants muscle relaxant muscle relaxants ChEBI A drug used for its actions on skeletal muscle. neuromuscular agent A drug that binds to and activates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. GABA agonists GABA receptor agonist GABA receptor agonists gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists GABA agonist GABA agonists ChEBI GABA receptor agonist ChEBI GABA receptor agonists ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists ChEBI A substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. GABA agent Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). organodiyl groups organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI organic divalent group organic univalent group A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid. N-acyl amino acid N-acyl amino acids N-acyl-amino-acid N-acyl-amino-acids N-acylamino acid N-acylamino acids acyl-amino-acid acyl-amino-acids acylamino acids N-acyl-amino acid N-acyl amino acid ChEBI N-acyl amino acids ChEBI N-acyl-amino-acid ChEBI N-acyl-amino-acids ChEBI N-acylamino acid ChEBI N-acylamino acids ChEBI acyl-amino-acid ChEBI acyl-amino-acids ChEBI acylamino acids ChEBI Compounds containing a biotin (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid) skeleton. biotins organic polycyclic compounds organic polycyclic compound organic polycyclic compounds ChEBI organic tricyclic compounds organic tricyclic compound organic tricyclic compounds ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of methanol. methoxide ion methoxide methoxide ion ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of ethanol. ethoxy anion ethoxide ethoxy anion ChEBI A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. biochemical role biophysical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. pharmacological role physiological role Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes. Wikipedia:Ligand ligands ligand ligands ChEBI Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl. HMDB:HMDB0033610 hydroxyapatite apatite hydroxyapatite ChEBI A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). hydroxylapatite A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group. oxyketones oxyketone oxyketones ChEBI An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom. alpha-oxyketones alpha-oxyketone alpha-oxyketones ChEBI The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. antigenic determinant epitope function epitope role epitope antigenic determinant ChEBI epitope function ChEBI epitope role ChEBI A polymer carrying multiple negative charges. polyanion polyanions polyanionic macromolecule polyanion ChEBI polyanions SUBMITTER Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond. olefinic fatty acid A macromolecule containing ionic groups. ionic polymer polyionic macromolecule ionic macromolecule ionic polymer ChEBI polyionic macromolecule ChEBI COMe:PRX000257 KEGG:C06258 Globin globins pentacoordinate globin globin Globin KEGG_COMPOUND globins ChEBI pentacoordinate globin COMe Any drug found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea. antidiarrheal antidiarrheal agent antidiarrheal agents antidiarrheal drug antidiarrheal drugs antidiarrheals antidiarrhoeal antidiarrhoeal agent antidiarrhoeal agents antidiarrhoeal drugs antidiarrhoeals antiperistaltic antiperistaltic agent antiperistaltic agents antiperistaltic drug antiperistaltic drugs antiperistaltics antidiarrhoeal drug antidiarrheal ChEBI antidiarrheal agent ChEBI antidiarrheal agents ChEBI antidiarrheal drug ChEBI antidiarrheal drugs ChEBI antidiarrheals ChEBI antidiarrhoeal ChEBI antidiarrhoeal agent ChEBI antidiarrhoeal agents ChEBI antidiarrhoeal drugs ChEBI antidiarrhoeals ChEBI antiperistaltic ChEBI antiperistaltic agent ChEBI antiperistaltic agents ChEBI antiperistaltic drug ChEBI antiperistaltic drugs ChEBI antiperistaltics ChEBI A drug used for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion. gastrointestinal agent gastrointestinal agents gastrointestinal drugs gastrointestinal drug gastrointestinal agent ChEBI gastrointestinal agents ChEBI gastrointestinal drugs ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND compuesto heterociclico IUPAC compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC heterocycle ChEBI heterocyclic compounds ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of glycine. MetaCyc:GLY 2-azaniumylacetate glycine glycine zwitterion 2-azaniumylacetate IUPAC glycine UniProt A fatty acid anion with a chain length of C13 to C22. a long-chain carboxylate a long-chain fatty acid long-chain fatty acid anions long-chain fatty acid anion a long-chain carboxylate ChEBI a long-chain fatty acid UniProt long-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI Conjugate base of biotin arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MetaCyc:BIOTIN 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoate biotin biotin anion biotinate 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoate IUPAC biotin UniProt biotin anion ChEBI Zwitterionic form of gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 4-azaniumyl-3-hydroxybutanoate 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate 4-ammonio-3-hydroxybutanoate gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid zwitterion 4-azaniumyl-3-hydroxybutanoate IUPAC 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate UniProt 4-ammonio-3-hydroxybutanoate ChEBI Anionic form of chondroitin D-glucuronate arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups of the repeating units; major species at pH 7.3. chondroitin D-glucuronate chondroitin D-glucuronate polyanion chondroitin D-glucuronate anion chondroitin D-glucuronate UniProt chondroitin D-glucuronate polyanion ChEBI Zwitterionic form of L-methionine having a anionic carboxy group and a cationic amino group; major species at pH 7.3. MetaCyc:MET (2S)-2-azaniumyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate (2S)-2-ammonio-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate L-methionine L-methionine zwitterion (2S)-2-azaniumyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC (2S)-2-ammonio-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate ChEBI L-methionine UniProt Zwitterionic form of 6-aminopenicillanic acid arising from migration of a proton from the carboxy group to the 6-amino group; major species at pH 7.3. 6-azaniumyl-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylate (2S,5R,6R)-6-azaniumyl-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate 6-aminopenicillanate 6-aminopenicillanic acid zwitterion 6-azaniumyl-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylate IUPAC (2S,5R,6R)-6-azaniumyl-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate ChEBI 6-aminopenicillanate UniProt Zwitterionic form of D-methionine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. MetaCyc:CPD-218 (2R)-2-azaniumyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate (2R)-2-ammonio-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate D-methionine D-methionine zwitterion (2R)-2-azaniumyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC (2R)-2-ammonio-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC D-methionine UniProt Zwitterionic form of creatine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3. MetaCyc:CREATINE {[amino(iminio)methyl](methyl)amino}acetate creatine creatine zwitterion {[amino(iminio)methyl](methyl)amino}acetate IUPAC creatine UniProt Zwitterionic form of beta-alanine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. 3-azaniumylpropanoate 3-ammoniopropanoate beta-alanine beta-alanine zwitterion 3-azaniumylpropanoate IUPAC 3-ammoniopropanoate IUPAC beta-alanine UniProt A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3. (4Z,15Z)-bilirubin IXalpha 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate bilirubin dianion bilirubin(2-) (4Z,15Z)-bilirubin IXalpha UniProt 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate ChEBI bilirubin dianion ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of riboflavin resulting from the removal of a proton from the nitrogen at position 3 (between the two carbonyl groups). Major microspecies at pH 7.3. Chemspider:26330994 MetaCyc:RIBOFLAVIN 1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-id-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-ide riboflavin riboflavin anion vitamin B2(1-) riboflavin(1-) 1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-id-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol IUPAC 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-ide ChEBI riboflavin UniProt riboflavin anion ChEBI vitamin B2(1-) ChEBI The conjugate acid of a primary aliphatic amine. an aliphatic amine primary aliphatic ammonium cation primary aliphatic ammonium cations primary aliphatic ammonium ions primary aliphatic ammonium ion an aliphatic amine UniProt primary aliphatic ammonium cation ChEBI primary aliphatic ammonium cations ChEBI primary aliphatic ammonium ions ChEBI Dianion of N-phosphocreatine arising from deprotonation of the phospho and carboxy groups and protonation of the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3. MetaCyc:CREATINE-P {[iminio(phosphonatoamino)methyl](methyl)amino}acetate N-phosphocreatinate N-phosphocreatine N-phosphocreatine dianion N-phosphocreatinate(2-) {[iminio(phosphonatoamino)methyl](methyl)amino}acetate IUPAC N-phosphocreatinate ChEBI N-phosphocreatine UniProt N-phosphocreatine dianion ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of trimethylamine, obtained via protonation of the nitrogen; major species at pH 7.3. MetaCyc:TRIMETHYLAMINE N,N-dimethylmethanaminium trimethylamine trimethylammonium cation trimethylazanium trimethylazanium cation trimethylammonium N,N-dimethylmethanaminium IUPAC trimethylamine UniProt trimethylammonium cation ChEBI trimethylazanium ChEBI trimethylazanium cation ChEBI The conjugate base of an N-acetyl-D-amino acid. N-acetyl-D-amino acetate(1-) N-acetyl-D-amino acid anions N-acetyl-D-amino carboxylate anions an N-acetyl-D-amino acid N-acetyl-D-amino acid anion N-acetyl-D-amino acetate(1-) ChEBI N-acetyl-D-amino acid anions ChEBI N-acetyl-D-amino carboxylate anions ChEBI an N-acetyl-D-amino acid UniProt An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen. amino acid cation residue amino acid cation residues amino-acid cation residue amino-acid cation residues cationic amino acid residue cationic amino acid residues cationic amino-acid residues cationic amino-acid residue amino acid cation residue ChEBI amino acid cation residues ChEBI amino-acid cation residue ChEBI amino-acid cation residues ChEBI cationic amino acid residue ChEBI cationic amino acid residues ChEBI cationic amino-acid residues ChEBI An organic phosphoric acid derivative in which one or more oxygen atoms of the phosphate group(s) has been deprotonated. organophosphate oxoanions organophosphate oxoanion organophosphate oxoanions ChEBI Any fatty acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a short-chain fatty acid (chain length of less than C6). a short-chain fatty acid short-chain fatty acid anions short-chain fatty acid anion a short-chain fatty acid UniProt short-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI Any fatty acid anion in which there is no C-C unsaturation. saturated fatty acid anions saturated fatty acid anion saturated fatty acid anions ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid anion lacking a carbon side-chain. straight-chain saturated fatty acid anions straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion straight-chain saturated fatty acid anions ChEBI Any fatty acid anion with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination. branched-chain fatty acid anions branched-chain fatty acid anion branched-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid anion with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination. branched-chain saturated fatty acid anions branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion branched-chain saturated fatty acid anions ChEBI An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group. organosulfate oxoanions organosulfate oxoanion organosulfate oxoanions ChEBI Any substance capable of eliciting an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein. Examples include dinitrophenols; oligosaccharides; peptides; and heavy metals. haptens hapten haptens ChEBI Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain. straight-chain fatty acids straight-chain fatty acid straight-chain fatty acids ChEBI A fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid functional group of a straight-chain fatty acid. straight-chain FA anion straight-chain FA anions straight-chain fatty acid anions straight-chain fatty acid anion straight-chain FA anion ChEBI straight-chain FA anions ChEBI straight-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound. acyclic tetrapyrrole anion acyclic tetrapyrrole anions linear tetrapyrrole anions linear tetrapyrrole anion acyclic tetrapyrrole anion ChEBI acyclic tetrapyrrole anions ChEBI linear tetrapyrrole anions ChEBI Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement. EFA EFAs EFS acides gras indispensables acidos grasos esenciales essential fatty acids essentielle Fettsaeuren essential fatty acid EFA ChEBI EFAs ChEBI EFS ChEBI acides gras indispensables ChEBI acidos grasos esenciales ChEBI essential fatty acids ChEBI essentielle Fettsaeuren ChEBI Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. MCFA MCFAs medium-chain fatty acids medium-chain fatty acid MCFA ChEBI MCFAs ChEBI medium-chain fatty acids ChEBI A fatty acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety of a medium-chain fatty acid. MCFA anion MCFA anions a medium chain fatty acid medium-chain FA anion medium-chain FA anions medium-chain fatty acid anions medium-chain fatty acid anion MCFA anion ChEBI MCFA anions ChEBI a medium chain fatty acid UniProt medium-chain FA anion ChEBI medium-chain FA anions ChEBI medium-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of diamino acid. diamino acid anions diamino acid anion diamino acid anions ChEBI Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. phosphoric acids The dianion resulting from the removal of two protons from the phosphate group of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. (4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl phosphate 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate dianion 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate(2-) pyridoxal 5'-phosphate pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dianion pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(2-) (4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl phosphate IUPAC 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate dianion ChEBI 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate(2-) ChEBI pyridoxal 5'-phosphate UniProt pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dianion ChEBI A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group. [(3S)-3-azaniumyl-3-carboxylatopropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonium S-adenosyl-L-methionine S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion [(3S)-3-azaniumyl-3-carboxylatopropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonium IUPAC S-adenosyl-L-methionine SUBMITTER S-adenosyl-L-methionine UniProt Conjugate base of an L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. L-alpha-amino carboxylate L-alpha-amino acid anion L-alpha-amino carboxylate ChEBI Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. L-alpha-amino acid zwitterions an L-alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion L-alpha-amino acid zwitterions ChEBI an L-alpha-amino acid UniProt Zwitterionic form of a D-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. D-alpha-amino acid zwitterions a D-alpha-amino acid D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion D-alpha-amino acid zwitterions ChEBI a D-alpha-amino acid UniProt A carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of an N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid(1-) an N-acyl-L-amino acid N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid(1-) ChEBI an N-acyl-L-amino acid UniProt The conjugate base of an N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid(1-) an N-acyl-D-amino acid N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid anion N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid(1-) ChEBI an N-acyl-D-amino acid UniProt A drug which interferes with the binding, fusion and entry of an HIV virion to a human cell. By blocking this step in HIV's replication cycle, such agents slow the progression from HIV infection to AIDS. Wikipedia:Entry_inhibitor HIV entry inhibitor HIV entry inhibitors HIV fusion inhibitors HIV fusion inhibitor HIV entry inhibitor ChEBI HIV entry inhibitors ChEBI HIV fusion inhibitors ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance Chemische Substanz ChEBI A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. Mischung mixture Mischung ChEBI A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. Wikipedia:Polymer Polymer Kunststoff polymer Polymer ChEBI Kunststoff ChEBI An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules. polyionic polymer ionic polymer polyionic polymer ChEBI A metal cation with a valence of two. a divalent metal cation divalent metal cation a divalent metal cation UniProt An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. a monovalent cation monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydrolase acting on peptide bonds (peptidase), EC 3.4.*.*). EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bond) inhibitor EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitors EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitor EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitors EC 3.4.* inhibitor EC 3.4.* inhibitors inhibitor of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) inhibitors of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) peptidase inhibitors protease inhibitor protease inhibitors EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) ChEBI inhibitors of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) ChEBI peptidase inhibitors ChEBI protease inhibitor ChEBI protease inhibitors ChEBI Any hormone produced by the thyroid gland thyroid hormones thyroid hormone thyroid hormones ChEBI organic phosphoramidate anion Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. a peptide peptide zwitterions peptide zwitterion a peptide UniProt peptide zwitterions ChEBI Flavin protonated to pH 7.3 an oxidized flavin flavin(1-) an oxidized flavin UniProt Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists NMDA receptor antagonists NMDAR antagonist NMDAR antagonists NMDA receptor antagonist N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ChEBI N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists ChEBI NMDA receptor antagonists ChEBI NMDAR antagonist ChEBI NMDAR antagonists ChEBI Any substance which inhibits the action of receptors for excitatory amino acids. EAA receptor antagonist EAA receptor antagonists excitatory amino acid antagonists excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists excitatory amino acid antagonist EAA receptor antagonist ChEBI EAA receptor antagonists ChEBI excitatory amino acid antagonists ChEBI excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist ChEBI excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists ChEBI Any pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself. adjuvants adjuvant adjuvants ChEBI Any alpha-amino acid anion in which the parent amino acid has D-configuration. D-alpha-amino acid anions D-alpha-amino carboxylate D-alpha-amino acid anion D-alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI D-alpha-amino carboxylate ChEBI A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions. keratan sulfates keratosulfate keratan sulfate keratan sulfates ChEBI keratosulfate SUBMITTER A hormone antagonist that blocks angiotensin receptors. angiotensin receptor antagonists angiotensin receptor antagonist angiotensin receptor antagonists ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98). Wikipedia:Histone_deacetylase_inhibitor EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitors HDAC inhibitor HDAC inhibitors HDACi HDACis HDI HDIs histone amidohydrolase inhibitor histone amidohydrolase inhibitors histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitor histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitors histone deacetylase inhibitor histone deacetylase inhibitors EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitors ChEBI HDAC inhibitor ChEBI HDAC inhibitors ChEBI HDACi ChEBI HDACis ChEBI HDI ChEBI HDIs ChEBI histone amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI histone amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitor ChEBI histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitors ChEBI histone deacetylase inhibitor ChEBI histone deacetylase inhibitors ChEBI Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. nucleobase-containing compound nucleobase-containing compounds nucleobase-containing molecular entities nucleobase-containing molecular entity nucleobase-containing compound SUBMITTER nucleobase-containing compounds ChEBI nucleobase-containing molecular entities ChEBI Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group. 3-hydroxy carboxylic acids 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid beta-hydroxy carboxylic acids beta-hydroxycarboxylic acid beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid 3-hydroxy carboxylic acids ChEBI 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid ChEBI 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids ChEBI beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid ChEBI beta-hydroxy carboxylic acids ChEBI beta-hydroxycarboxylic acid ChEBI beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids ChEBI A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules. polyanion polyanions polyanionic polymer polyanion ChEBI polyanions ChEBI A lipid-rich mixture containing glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and other components. lecithin Zwitterionic form of a polar amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. a polar amino acid polar amino acid zwitterion a polar amino acid UniProt Any branched-chain fatty acid containing methyl branches only. methyl-branched fatty acids methyl-branched fatty acid methyl-branched fatty acids ChEBI The dicarboxylic acid dianion formed from folic acid by loss of a proton from each of the two carboxy groups in the glutamic acid moiety. N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamate(2-) folate pteroyl-L-glutamate pteroyl-L-monoglutamate pteroylglutamate folate(2-) N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamate(2-) IUPAC folate MetaCyc folate UniProt pteroyl-L-glutamate ChEBI pteroyl-L-monoglutamate ChEBI pteroylglutamate ChEBI Any organophosphate oxoanion that is a negatively charged phospholipid, e.g. phosphatidylserine(1-), phosphatidate(2-), phosphatidylglycerol(1-). anionic phospholipids phospholipid anion phospholipid anions anionic phospholipid anionic phospholipids ChEBI phospholipid anion ChEBI phospholipid anions ChEBI Any additive that enhances the efficiency of fuel. fuel additives fuel enhancer fuel additive fuel additives ChEBI fuel enhancer ChEBI Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. antihepatotoxic agent hepatoprotective agents hepatoprotector hepatoprotective agent antihepatotoxic agent ChEBI hepatoprotective agents ChEBI hepatoprotector ChEBI The chemical role played by a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. emulgent emulgents emulsifiers emulsifier emulgent ChEBI emulgents ChEBI emulsifiers ChEBI An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole. 1,3-thiazolium cations 1,3-thiazolium cation 1,3-thiazolium cations ChEBI A beta-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of beta-alanine. 3-aminopropanoate beta-alaninate anion beta-alaninate(1-) beta-alaninate 3-aminopropanoate IUPAC beta-alaninate anion ChEBI beta-alaninate(1-) ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity. glycosyl compounds glycosyl compound glycosyl compounds ChEBI Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. carbohydrate derivatives derivatised carbohydrate derivatised carbohydrates derivatized carbohydrate derivatized carbohydrates carbohydrate derivative carbohydrate derivatives ChEBI derivatised carbohydrate ChEBI derivatised carbohydrates ChEBI derivatized carbohydrate ChEBI derivatized carbohydrates ChEBI An alkaline earth salt that has barium(2+) as the cation. barium salts barium salt barium salts ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid. carbohydrate acid derivatives carbohydrate acid derivative carbohydrate acid derivatives ChEBI A sulfur-containing amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized (not protonated). sulfur-containing amino-acid anions sulfur-containing amino-acid anion sulfur-containing amino-acid anions ChEBI A branched-chain amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized. branched-chain amino-acid anions branched-chain amino-acid anion branched-chain amino-acid anions ChEBI An aromatic amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized (non-protonated). aromatic amino-acid anions aromatic amino-acid anion aromatic amino-acid anions ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative. carbohydrate acid anion derivative carbohydrate acid anion derivatives carbohydrate acid derivative anions carbohydrate acid derivative anion carbohydrate acid anion derivative ChEBI carbohydrate acid anion derivatives ChEBI carbohydrate acid derivative anions ChEBI An EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19). Wikipedia:4-aminobutyrate_transaminase 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitors 4-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitor 4-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitors 4-aminobutyrate--2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor 4-aminobutyrate--2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) inhibitor 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) inhibitors 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors 4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitor 4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitors 4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitor 4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitors EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitors EC 2.6.1.19 inhibitor EC 2.6.1.19 inhibitors GABA aminotransferase inhibitor GABA aminotransferase inhibitors GABA transaminase inhibitor GABA transaminase inhibitors GABA transferase inhibitor GABA transferase inhibitors GABA--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor GABA--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors GABA--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor GABA--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors GABA--alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase inhibitor GABA--alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase inhibitors GABA--alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor GABA--alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors GABA--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor GABA--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors GABA--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor GABA--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors GabT inhibitor GabT inhibitors aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitors aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitor aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitors beta-alanine aminotransferase inhibitor beta-alanine aminotransferase inhibitors beta-alanine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor beta-alanine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors beta-alanine--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor beta-alanine--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase inhibitor gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitors gamma-aminobutyric transaminase inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric transaminase inhibitors glutamate--succinic semialdehyde transaminase inhibitor glutamate--succinic semialdehyde transaminase inhibitors EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI 4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI 4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.6.1.19 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.6.1.19 inhibitors ChEBI GABA aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI GABA aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI GABA transaminase inhibitor ChEBI GABA transaminase inhibitors ChEBI GABA transferase inhibitor ChEBI GABA transferase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI GABA--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI GABA--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase inhibitor ChEBI GABA--alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI GABA--alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI GABA--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI GABA--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI GABA--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI GabT inhibitor ChEBI GabT inhibitors ChEBI aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI beta-alanine aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI beta-alanine aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI beta-alanine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI beta-alanine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI beta-alanine--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI beta-alanine--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitors ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric transaminase inhibitor ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric transaminase inhibitors ChEBI glutamate--succinic semialdehyde transaminase inhibitor ChEBI glutamate--succinic semialdehyde transaminase inhibitors ChEBI Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. neuroprotectant neuroprotectants neuroprotective agents neuroprotective agent neuroprotectant ChEBI neuroprotectants ChEBI neuroprotective agents ChEBI Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule. macrocyclic lactones macrocyclic lactone macrocyclic lactones ChEBI An antagonist at the metabotropic glutamate receptor. mGluR antagonist mGluR antagonists metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist mGluR antagonist ChEBI mGluR antagonists ChEBI metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists ChEBI An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase C receptor protein kinase C agonists protein kinase C agonist protein kinase C agonists ChEBI Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. Wikipedia:Food_additive food additives food additive food additives ChEBI A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator acidity regulator acidity regulators food acidity regulators pH control agent pH control agents food acidity regulator acidity regulator ChEBI acidity regulators ChEBI food acidity regulators ChEBI pH control agent ChEBI pH control agents ChEBI An agonist that selectively binds to and activates AMPA receptors. Wikipedia:AMPA_receptor AMPA receptor agonists AMPAR agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor agonist quisqualate receptor agonist AMPA receptor agonist AMPA receptor agonists ChEBI AMPAR agonist ChEBI alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor agonist ChEBI quisqualate receptor agonist ChEBI An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase receptor. protein kinase agonists protein kinase agonist protein kinase agonists ChEBI An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58), one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group. Wikipedia:Farnesyltransferase EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitors EC 2.5.1.58 inhibitor EC 2.5.1.58 inhibitors FTase inhibitor FTase inhibitors farnesyl transferase inhibitor farnesyl transferase inhibitors farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase inhibitor farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase inhibitors farnesyltransferase inhibitor farnesyltransferase inhibitors protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58) inhibitor protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58) inhibitors protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.5.1.58 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.5.1.58 inhibitors ChEBI FTase inhibitor ChEBI FTase inhibitors ChEBI farnesyl transferase inhibitor ChEBI farnesyl transferase inhibitors ChEBI farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI farnesyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI farnesyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58) inhibitor ChEBI protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58) inhibitors ChEBI protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of methionine; major species at pH 7.3. 2-azaniumyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate 2-ammonio-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate methionine methionine zwitterion 2-azaniumyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC 2-ammonio-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate IUPAC methionine UniProt An EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1). Wikipedia:Glycine_hydroxymethyltransferase 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitors EC 2.1.2.1 inhibitor EC 2.1.2.1 inhibitors L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors L-threonine aldolase inhibitor L-threonine aldolase inhibitors allothreonine aldolase inhibitor allothreonine aldolase inhibitors glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitor glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitors glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors serine aldolase inhibitor serine aldolase inhibitors serine hydroxymethylase inhibitor serine hydroxymethylase inhibitors serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors serine transhydroxymethylase inhibitor serine transhydroxymethylase inhibitors threonine aldolase inhibitor threonine aldolase inhibitors EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.1.2.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.1.2.1 inhibitors ChEBI L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI L-threonine aldolase inhibitor ChEBI L-threonine aldolase inhibitors ChEBI allothreonine aldolase inhibitor ChEBI allothreonine aldolase inhibitors ChEBI glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitor ChEBI glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitors ChEBI glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI serine aldolase inhibitor ChEBI serine aldolase inhibitors ChEBI serine hydroxymethylase inhibitor ChEBI serine hydroxymethylase inhibitors ChEBI serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI serine transhydroxymethylase inhibitor ChEBI serine transhydroxymethylase inhibitors ChEBI threonine aldolase inhibitor ChEBI threonine aldolase inhibitors ChEBI An excitatory amino acid agonist which binds to NMDA receptors and triggers a response. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonists NMDA receptor agonists NMDAR agonist NMDAR agonists NMDA receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist ChEBI N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonists ChEBI NMDA receptor agonists ChEBI NMDAR agonist ChEBI NMDAR agonists ChEBI A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour. Wikipedia:Flour_treatment_agent flour treatment agent dough improver dough improvers improving agent improving agents flour treatment agent flour treatment agent ChEBI dough improver ChEBI dough improvers ChEBI improving agent ChEBI improving agents ChEBI Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction. Wikipedia:Phosphagen phosphagen An inorganic cation with a valency of two. divalent inorganic cation An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). one-carbon compounds one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. organic acids organic acid organic acids ChEBI A group that carries an overall positive charge. cationic groups cationic group cationic groups ChEBI A group that carries an overall negative charge. anionic groups anionic group anionic groups ChEBI A cationic group that contains carbon. organic cationic groups organic cationic group organic cationic groups ChEBI An anionic group that contains carbon. organic anionic groups organic anionic group organic anionic groups ChEBI An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge. amino acid anion residue amino acid anion residues amino-acid anion residue amino-acid anion residues anionic amino acid residue anionic amino acid residues anionic amino-acid residues anionic amino-acid residue amino acid anion residue ChEBI amino acid anion residues ChEBI amino-acid anion residue ChEBI amino-acid anion residues ChEBI anionic amino acid residue ChEBI anionic amino acid residues ChEBI anionic amino-acid residues ChEBI Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI A drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by Mycobacteria, a genus of actinobacteria. Aerobic and nonmotile, members of the genus include the pathogens responsible for causing tuberculosis and leprosy. antimycobacterial agent antimycobacterial agents antimycobacterial drugs antimycobacterials antimycobacterium antimycobacterial drug antimycobacterial agent ChEBI antimycobacterial agents ChEBI antimycobacterial drugs ChEBI antimycobacterials ChEBI antimycobacterium ChEBI An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. anti-AIDS agent anti-AIDS agents anti-HIV agents anti-HIV agent anti-AIDS agent ChEBI anti-AIDS agents ChEBI anti-HIV agents ChEBI An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus (also known as the human herpes virus). Wikipedia:Herpes_simplex_virus anti-HHV agent anti-HHV agents anti-HSV agents anti-herpes simplex virus agent anti-herpes simplex virus agents anti-human herpes virus agent anti-human herpes virus agents anti-HSV agent anti-HHV agent ChEBI anti-HHV agents ChEBI anti-HSV agents ChEBI anti-herpes simplex virus agent ChEBI anti-herpes simplex virus agents ChEBI anti-human herpes virus agent ChEBI anti-human herpes virus agents ChEBI An anti-HSV agent agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus-1. anti-HHV-1 agent anti-HHV-1 agents anti-HHV-I agent anti-HHV-I agents anti-HSV-1 agents anti-HSV-I agent anti-HSV-I agents anti-human herpes virus-1 agent anti-human herpes virus-1 agents anti-human herpes virus-I agent anti-human herpes virus-I agents anti-HSV-1 agent anti-HHV-1 agent ChEBI anti-HHV-1 agents ChEBI anti-HHV-I agent ChEBI anti-HHV-I agents ChEBI anti-HSV-1 agents ChEBI anti-HSV-I agent ChEBI anti-HSV-I agents ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-1 agent ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-1 agents ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-I agent ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-I agents ChEBI An anti-HSV agent agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus-2. anti-HHV-2 agent anti-HHV-2 agents anti-HHV-II agent anti-HHV-II agents anti-HSV-2 agents anti-HSV-II agent anti-HSV-II agents anti-human herpes virus-2 agent anti-human herpes virus-2 agents anti-human herpes virus-II agent anti-human herpes virus-II agents anti-HSV-2 agent anti-HHV-2 agent ChEBI anti-HHV-2 agents ChEBI anti-HHV-II agent ChEBI anti-HHV-II agents ChEBI anti-HSV-2 agents ChEBI anti-HSV-II agent ChEBI anti-HSV-II agents ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-2 agent ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-2 agents ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-II agent ChEBI anti-human herpes virus-II agents ChEBI Any compound that has anti-asthmatic effects. anti-asthmatic agents antiasthmatic agent antiasthmatic agents anti-asthmatic agent anti-asthmatic agents ChEBI antiasthmatic agent ChEBI antiasthmatic agents ChEBI Antipsychotic drugs which can have different modes of action but which tend to be more likely than second generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements; such body movements can become permanent even after treatment has ceased. Wikipedia:Typical_antipsychotic first generation antipsychotic agent first generation antipsychotic agents first generation antipsychotic drug first generation antipsychotic drugs first generation antipsychotics typical antipsychotic typical antipsychotic agent typical antipsychotic agents typical antipsychotic drug typical antipsychotic drugs typical antipsychotics first generation antipsychotic first generation antipsychotic agent ChEBI first generation antipsychotic agents ChEBI first generation antipsychotic drug ChEBI first generation antipsychotic drugs ChEBI first generation antipsychotics ChEBI typical antipsychotic ChEBI typical antipsychotic agent ChEBI typical antipsychotic agents ChEBI typical antipsychotic drug ChEBI typical antipsychotic drugs ChEBI typical antipsychotics ChEBI Antipsychotic drugs which can have different modes of action but which tend to be less likely than first generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements. atypical antipsychotic atypical antipsychotic agent atypical antipsychotic agents atypical antipsychotic drug atypical antipsychotic drugs atypical antipsychotics second generation antipsychotic agent second generation antipsychotic agents second generation antipsychotic drug second generation antipsychotic drugs second generation antipsychotics second generation antipsychotic atypical antipsychotic ChEBI atypical antipsychotic agent ChEBI atypical antipsychotic agents ChEBI atypical antipsychotic drug ChEBI atypical antipsychotic drugs ChEBI atypical antipsychotics ChEBI second generation antipsychotic agent ChEBI second generation antipsychotic agents ChEBI second generation antipsychotic drug ChEBI second generation antipsychotic drugs ChEBI second generation antipsychotics ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide. polysaccharide derivatives polysaccharide derivative polysaccharide derivatives ChEBI Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. food preservatives food preservative food preservatives ChEBI A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). antimicrobial food preservatives antimicrobial preservative antimicrobial preservatives antimicrobial food preservative antimicrobial food preservatives ChEBI antimicrobial preservative ChEBI antimicrobial preservatives ChEBI A compound that inhibits the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Wikipedia:GABA_antagonist GABA antagonists gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists GABA antagonist GABA antagonists ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists ChEBI Any substance which is used to neutralise stomach acidity. Wikipedia:Antacid antacids antacid antacids ChEBI An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. a primary amine substituted ammonium primary ammonium ion a primary amine UniProt substituted ammonium ChEBI An alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of citrulline, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. 2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoate citrullinate 2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoate IUPAC A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of creatine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. {[imino(amino)methyl](methyl)amino}acetate (N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetate N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycinate creatinate {[imino(amino)methyl](methyl)amino}acetate IUPAC (N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetate ChEBI N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycinate ChEBI Any compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia. antidyskinesia agents antidyskinesia drug antidyskinesia drugs antidyskinetic agent antidyskinetic agents antidyskinetic drug antidyskinetic drugs antidyskinesia agent antidyskinesia agents ChEBI antidyskinesia drug ChEBI antidyskinesia drugs ChEBI antidyskinetic agent ChEBI antidyskinetic agents ChEBI antidyskinetic drug ChEBI antidyskinetic drugs ChEBI Any compound used for the treatment of eye conditions or eye diseases. ophthalmic ophthalmic agent ophthalmic agents ophthalmics ophthalmological ophthalmologicals ophthalmology agent ophthalmology agents ophthalmology drugs ophthalmology drug ophthalmic ChEBI ophthalmic agent ChEBI ophthalmic agents ChEBI ophthalmics ChEBI ophthalmological ChEBI ophthalmologicals ChEBI ophthalmology agent ChEBI ophthalmology agents ChEBI ophthalmology drugs ChEBI Any compound used to suppress premature labour and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions. Wikipedia:Tocolytic anti-contraction drug anti-contraction drugs anti-contraction medication anti-contraction medications labour repressant labour repressants tocolytic tocolytic agents tocolytic drug tocolytic drugs tocolytics tocolytic agent anti-contraction drug ChEBI anti-contraction drugs ChEBI anti-contraction medication ChEBI anti-contraction medications ChEBI labour repressant ChEBI labour repressants ChEBI tocolytic ChEBI tocolytic agents ChEBI tocolytic drug ChEBI tocolytic drugs ChEBI tocolytics ChEBI An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any folic acid. folate folate anion folate anions folates folate ChEBI folate anion ChEBI folate anions ChEBI Any branched-chain fatty acid anion containing methyl branches only. methyl-branched fatty acid anions methyl-branched fatty acid anion methyl-branched fatty acid anions ChEBI A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. KEGG:C00019 KNApSAcK:C00007347 PDBeChem:SAM [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxylatopropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonioacetate AdoMet S-Adenosylmethionine SAM S-adenosyl-L-methioninate [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxylatopropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonioacetate IUPAC AdoMet KEGG_COMPOUND S-Adenosylmethionine KEGG_COMPOUND SAM KEGG_COMPOUND Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. anti-inflammatory agents antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory agents anti-inflammatory agent anti-inflammatory agents ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory agents ChEBI A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. provitamin As provitamin A provitamin As ChEBI Any 1,4-benzoquinone carrying a single hydroxy substituent. 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones hydroxybenzoquinone hydroxybenzoquinones monohydroxybenzoquinones monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones ChEBI hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone ChEBI hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones ChEBI hydroxybenzoquinone ChEBI hydroxybenzoquinones ChEBI monohydroxybenzoquinones ChEBI Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. Wikipedia:Azole azoles azole azoles ChEBI An antagonist at the P2Y12 receptor Wikipedia:P2Y12 ADP receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonist ADP receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonists P2Y12 receptor antagonists purinergic receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonist purinergic receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonists P2Y12 receptor antagonist ADP receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonist ChEBI ADP receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonists ChEBI P2Y12 receptor antagonists ChEBI purinergic receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonist ChEBI purinergic receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonists ChEBI An agonist that binds to and activates G-protein-coupled receptors Wikipedia:G_protein-coupled_receptor G-protein-coupled receptor agonists GPCR agonist GPCR agonists G-protein-coupled receptor agonist G-protein-coupled receptor agonists ChEBI GPCR agonist ChEBI GPCR agonists ChEBI An antagonist at the AMPA receptor. Wikipedia:AMPA_receptor AMPA receptor antagonists alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonists AMPA receptor antagonist AMPA receptor antagonists ChEBI alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist ChEBI alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonists ChEBI Any drug that has been developed specifically for treatment of a rare medical condition, the condition itself being known as an orphan disease. Wikipedia:Orphan_drug orphan drugs orphan drug orphan drugs ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of a transferase (EC 2.*) Wikipedia:Transferase EC 2 inhibitor EC 2 inhibitors EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitors EC 2.* inhibitor EC 2.* inhibitors transferase inhibitor transferase inhibitors EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitor EC 2 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2 inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.* inhibitors ChEBI transferase inhibitor ChEBI transferase inhibitors ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of tetracycline obtained by deprotonation of the two enolic hydroxy groups and protonation of the tertiary amino group. (1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,7,11-trihydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracene-2,5-diolate tetracycline anion tetracycline(1-) (1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,7,11-trihydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracene-2,5-diolate IUPAC tetracycline anion ChEBI Benzoquinones with at least one hydroxy substituent. hydroxybenzoquinones hydroxybenzoquinone hydroxybenzoquinones ChEBI An amino-acid anion in which the amino group is situated gamma- to the carboxylate group. gamma-amino acid anions gamma-amino acid anion gamma-amino acid anions ChEBI Any compound that promotes the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. angiogenesis inducing agent angiogenesis inducing agents pro-angiogenic agents proangiogenic agent proangiogenic agents pro-angiogenic agent angiogenesis inducing agent ChEBI angiogenesis inducing agents ChEBI pro-angiogenic agents ChEBI proangiogenic agent ChEBI proangiogenic agents ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. organic compound organic compounds organic molecules organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment. MetaCyc:Exopolysaccharides Wikipedia:Exopolysaccharide Wikipedia:Extracellular_polymeric_substance exopolysaccharides extracellular polymeric substance extracellular polymeric substances exopolysaccharide exopolysaccharides ChEBI extracellular polymeric substance ChEBI extracellular polymeric substances ChEBI A thiochromane that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by 5-carboxypyridin-2-yl and 4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl groups. It is the active form of the prodrug tazarotene. Patent:US2006020037 Patent:WO2006022964 6-[(4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzothiopyran-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinic acid 6-((3,4-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2H-1-benzothiopyran-6-yl)ethynyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 6-(2-(4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)nicotinic acid AGN 190299 AGN-190299 Agn 190299 tazarotenic acid 6-[(4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzothiopyran-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinic acid IUPAC 6-((3,4-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2H-1-benzothiopyran-6-yl)ethynyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus 6-(2-(4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)nicotinic acid ChemIDplus AGN 190299 ChemIDplus AGN-190299 ChemIDplus Agn 190299 ChemIDplus Any inhibitor that interferes with the action of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2. Wikipedia:Sodium/glucose_cotransporter_2 SGLT2 inhibitor SGLT2 inhibitors sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitors sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor SGLT2 inhibitor ChEBI SGLT2 inhibitors ChEBI sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor ChEBI sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors ChEBI sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitors ChEBI sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ChEBI sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors ChEBI A drug used in treating and healing of wounds. Wikipedia:Wound_healing vulneraries wound-healing agent wound-healing agents wound-healing drug wound-healing drugs vulnerary vulneraries ChEBI wound-healing agent ChEBI wound-healing agents ChEBI wound-healing drug ChEBI wound-healing drugs ChEBI Any organic molecule containing a C#C bond. C#C containing compound C#C containing compounds C#C-containing compound C#C-containing compounds acetylenic compounds acetylenic compound C#C containing compound ChEBI C#C containing compounds ChEBI C#C-containing compound ChEBI C#C-containing compounds ChEBI acetylenic compounds ChEBI A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen). Tylenol poisoning antidote Tylenol poisoning antidotes acetaminophen poisoning antidote acetaminophen poisoning antidotes antidote to Tylenol poisoning antidote to acetaminophen poisoning antidotes to Tylenol poisoning antidotes to acetaminophen poisoning antidotes to paracetamol poisoning paracetamol poisoning antidote paracetamol poisoning antidotes antidote to paracetamol poisoning Tylenol poisoning antidote ChEBI Tylenol poisoning antidotes ChEBI acetaminophen poisoning antidote ChEBI acetaminophen poisoning antidotes ChEBI antidote to Tylenol poisoning ChEBI antidote to acetaminophen poisoning ChEBI antidotes to Tylenol poisoning ChEBI antidotes to acetaminophen poisoning ChEBI antidotes to paracetamol poisoning ChEBI paracetamol poisoning antidote ChEBI paracetamol poisoning antidotes ChEBI A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of curare. antidote to curare antidote to tubocurarine antidote to tubocurarine poisoning antidotes to curare antidotes to curare poisoning antidotes to tubocurarine antidotes to tubocurarine poisoning curare antidote curare antidotes curare poisoning antidote curare poisoning antidotes tubocurarine antidote tubocurarine antidotes antidote to curare poisoning antidote to curare ChEBI antidote to tubocurarine ChEBI antidote to tubocurarine poisoning ChEBI antidotes to curare ChEBI antidotes to curare poisoning ChEBI antidotes to tubocurarine ChEBI antidotes to tubocurarine poisoning ChEBI curare antidote ChEBI curare antidotes ChEBI curare poisoning antidote ChEBI curare poisoning antidotes ChEBI tubocurarine antidote ChEBI tubocurarine antidotes ChEBI A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions. Wikipedia:Astringent adstringent adstringents astringents astringent adstringent ChEBI adstringents ChEBI astringents ChEBI Any organic aromatic compound having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a heteroarene ring. hetaryl hydroxy compound hetaryl hydroxy compounds heteroaromatic hydroxy compound heteroaromatic hydroxy compounds heteroaryl hydroxy compounds heteroaryl hydroxy compound hetaryl hydroxy compound ChEBI hetaryl hydroxy compounds ChEBI heteroaromatic hydroxy compound ChEBI heteroaromatic hydroxy compounds ChEBI heteroaryl hydroxy compounds ChEBI A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*.*). C--N bond-forming ligase inhibitor C--N bond-forming ligase inhibitors C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitor C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitors C-N bond-forming ligase inhibitor C-N bond-forming ligase inhibitors EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitorS EC 6.3.* inhibitor EC 6.3.* inhibitors EC 6.3.*.* inhibitor EC 6.3.*.* inhibitors EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor C--N bond-forming ligase inhibitor ChEBI C--N bond-forming ligase inhibitors ChEBI C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI C-N bond-forming ligase inhibitor ChEBI C-N bond-forming ligase inhibitors ChEBI EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitorS ChEBI EC 6.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 6.3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 6.3.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 6.3.*.* inhibitors ChEBI Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a ligase (EC 6.*.*.*). Ligases are enzymes that catalyse the joining of two molecules with concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. Wikipedia:Ligase EC 6.* (ligase) inhibitors EC 6.* inhibitor EC 6.* inhibitors EC 6.*.*.* inhibitor EC 6.*.*.* inhibitors ligase inhibitor ligase inhibitors EC 6.* (ligase) inhibitor EC 6.* (ligase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 6.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 6.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 6.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 6.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI ligase inhibitor ChEBI ligase inhibitors ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. eukaryotic metabolites eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. animal metabolites animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. mammalian metabolites mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any member of the group of eight water-soluble vitamins originally thought to be a single compound (vitamin B) that play important roles in cell metabolism. The group comprises of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12 (Around 20 other compounds were once thought to be B vitamins but are no longer classified as such). MetaCyc:B-vitamins Wikipedia:B_vitamin B vitamins B-group vitamin B-group vitamins vitamin B B vitamin B vitamins ChEBI B-group vitamin ChEBI B-group vitamins ChEBI vitamin B ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI A mixture containing all eight of the B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12). It is used as a dietary supplement and as a component of growth media for microorganisms. Wikipedia:B_vitamin vitamin B mixture vitamin B complex vitamin B mixture ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. prokaryotic metabolites prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI A compound which increases either the number of red cells or the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. anti-anaemic agents anti-anaemic drug anti-anaemic drugs anti-anemia agent anti-anemia agents anti-anemia drug anti-anemia drugs anti-anemic agent anti-anemic agents anti-anemic drug anti-anemic drugs antianaemia agent antianaemia agents antianaemia drug antianaemia drugs antianaemic agent antianaemic agents antianaemic drug antianaemic drugs antianemia drug antianemia drugs anti-anaemic agent anti-anaemic agents ChEBI anti-anaemic drug ChEBI anti-anaemic drugs ChEBI anti-anemia agent ChEBI anti-anemia agents ChEBI anti-anemia drug ChEBI anti-anemia drugs ChEBI anti-anemic agent ChEBI anti-anemic agents ChEBI anti-anemic drug ChEBI anti-anemic drugs ChEBI antianaemia agent ChEBI antianaemia agents ChEBI antianaemia drug ChEBI antianaemia drugs ChEBI antianaemic agent ChEBI antianaemic agents ChEBI antianaemic drug ChEBI antianaemic drugs ChEBI antianemia drug ChEBI antianemia drugs ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any aromatic amino-acid. an aromatic amino-acid aromatic amino-acid zwitterions aromatic amino-acid zwitterion an aromatic amino-acid UniProt aromatic amino-acid zwitterions ChEBI Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound. xenobiotic metabolites xenobiotic metabolite xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans. propellants propellant propellants ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms. marine metabolites marine metabolite marine metabolites ChEBI Any unsaturated fatty acid anion containing more than one C-C unsaturated bond. Major species at pH 7.3. PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid anions polyunsaturated fatty acid anion PUFA SUBMITTER polyunsaturated fatty acid anions ChEBI A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741) triradylglycerols triradylglycerol triradylglycerols ChEBI A fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any omega-methyl fatty acid; major species at pH 7.3. an omega-methyl fatty acid omega-methyl fatty acid anion an omega-methyl fatty acid UniProt A transferase inhibitor inhibiting the action of transferase of a one-carbon-containing group (EC 2.1.*.*). C1-transferase (EC 2.1.*) inhibitor C1-transferase (EC 2.1.*) inhibitors C1-transferase inhibitor C1-transferase inhibitors EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitors EC 2.1.* inhibitor EC 2.1.* inhibitors one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitor one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitors EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor C1-transferase (EC 2.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI C1-transferase (EC 2.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI C1-transferase inhibitor ChEBI C1-transferase inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.1.* inhibitors ChEBI one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitor ChEBI one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitors ChEBI A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the transfer of an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.1.*). EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors EC 2.5.1.* inhibitor EC 2.5.1.* inhibitors alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitor alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitors non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitor non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitors non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitor non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitors non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitor non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitors EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitor ChEBI alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitors ChEBI A transferase inhibitor that inhibits a nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*.*). EC 2.6.* inhibitor EC 2.6.* inhibitors nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*) inhibitor nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*) inhibitors nitrogenous group transferase inhibitor nitrogenous group transferase inhibitors EC 2.6.* (nitrogenous group transferase) inhibitor EC 2.6.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.6.* inhibitors ChEBI nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*) inhibitor ChEBI nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*) inhibitors ChEBI nitrogenous group transferase inhibitor ChEBI nitrogenous group transferase inhibitors ChEBI A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*.*). EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitors EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitor EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitors EC 2.7.* inhibitor EC 2.7.* inhibitors phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitor phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitors phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitor phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitors EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.* inhibitors ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitor ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitors ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitor ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitors ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of a lyase (EC 4.*.*.*). Lyases are enzymes cleaving C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. Wikipedia:Lyase EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitors EC 4.* inhibitor EC 4.* inhibitors EC 4.*.*.* inhibitor EC 4.*.*.* inhibitors lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitor lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitorS lyase inhibitor lyase inhibitors EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitor EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitor ChEBI lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitorS ChEBI lyase inhibitor ChEBI lyase inhibitors ChEBI A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*.*). C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitor C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitors C-N lyase inhibitor C-N lyase inhibitors EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitors EC 4.3.* inhibitor EC 4.3.* inhibitors EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI C-N lyase inhibitor ChEBI C-N lyase inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.* inhibitors ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Oxidoreductase EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors EC 1.* inhibitor EC 1.* inhibitors oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase inhibitor oxidoreductase inhibitors EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-OH group of donors (EC 1.1.*.*). EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitors EC 1.1.* inhibitor EC 1.1.* inhibitors inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitors EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.1.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*.*). EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitors EC 1.4.* inhibitor EC 1.4.* inhibitors inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*) inhibitors EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.4.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.4.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*) inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases), EC 1.13.*.*. EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitors EC 1.13.* inhibitor EC 1.13.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitors EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.13.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.13.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.14.*.*). EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors EC 1.14.* inhibitor EC 1.14.* inhibitors inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitors EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.14.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.14.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*.*). EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitors EC 1.17.* inhibitor EC 1.17.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitors EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.17.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.17.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitors ChEBI Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*.*). EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.1.* inhibitor EC 3.1.* inhibitors ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitor ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitors ester hydrolase inhibitor ester hydrolase inhibitors EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.* inhibitors ChEBI ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI ester hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI ester hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*). EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.1.1.* inhibitor EC 3.1.1.* inhibitors carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitor carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitors EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.1.* inhibitors ChEBI carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of a peptidyl dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*). EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitors EC 3.4.15.* inhibitor EC 3.4.15.* inhibitors inhibitor of peptidyl-dipeptidases inhibitor of peptidyl-dipeptidases (EC 3.4.15.*) inhibitors of peptidyl-dipeptidases inhibitors of peptidyl-dipeptidases (EC 3.4.15.*) peptidyl-dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*) inhibitor peptidyl-dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*) inhibitors peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitors EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.15.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.15.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of peptidyl-dipeptidases ChEBI inhibitor of peptidyl-dipeptidases (EC 3.4.15.*) ChEBI inhibitors of peptidyl-dipeptidases ChEBI inhibitors of peptidyl-dipeptidases (EC 3.4.15.*) ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*) inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*) inhibitors ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor ChEBI peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*). EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitors inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitor nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases ChEBI inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) ChEBI inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases ChEBI inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitor ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase (EC 6.3.1.*). EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitors EC 6.3.1.* inhibitor EC 6.3.1.* inhibitors acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitor acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitors EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitor EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 6.3.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 6.3.1.* inhibitors ChEBI acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitor ChEBI acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*). EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitors EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitor EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitors EC 4.3.1.* inhibitor EC 4.3.1.* inhibitors ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitor ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitors ammonia-lyase inhibitor ammonia-lyase inhibitors EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* inhibitors ChEBI ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI ammonia-lyase inhibitor ChEBI ammonia-lyase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.5.* (transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transferase that transfers an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.*). EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors EC 2.5.* inhibitor EC 2.5.* inhibitors non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitor non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitors EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.5.* inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that uses NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*). EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+)acceptor) inhibitors EC 1.1.1.* inhibitor EC 1.1.1.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitors EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+)acceptor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.1.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.1.1.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor that inhibits the action of any oxidoreductase incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*). EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitors EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitors EC 1.13.11.* inhibitor EC 1.13.11.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitors EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitor EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.13.11.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.13.11.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using reduced flavin or flavoprotein as donor (EC 1.14.14.*). EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.* inhibitor EC 1.14.14.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.14.14.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.14.14.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor that interferes with the function of any such enzyme that uses oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*). EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors EC 1.17.3.* inhibitor EC 1.17.3.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*) inhibitors EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.17.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.17.3.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*). EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors EC 1.4.3.* inhibitor EC 1.4.3.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*) inhibitors EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.4.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.4.3.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase (EC 2.1.2.*). EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitors EC 2.1.2.* inhibitor EC 2.1.2.* inhibitors hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitor hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitors EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.1.2.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.1.2.* inhibitors ChEBI hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.6.* (nitrogenous group transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transaminase (EC 2.6.1.*). EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitors EC 2.6.1.* inhibitor EC 2.6.1.* inhibitors transaminase (EC 2.6.1.*) inhibitor transaminase (EC 2.6.1.*) inhibitors EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.6.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.6.1.* inhibitors ChEBI transaminase (EC 2.6.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI transaminase (EC 2.6.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI A drug which increases the blood glucose level. diabetes inducer hyperglycemic agents hyperglycemic agent diabetes inducer ChEBI hyperglycemic agents ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. plant metabolites plant secondary metabolites plant metabolite plant metabolites ChEBI plant secondary metabolites ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway. metabolic pathway inhibitor metabolic pathway inhibitors pathway inhibitors pathway inhibitor metabolic pathway inhibitor ChEBI metabolic pathway inhibitors ChEBI pathway inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. fungal metabolites fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans. human xenobiotic metabolites human xenobiotic metabolite human xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI A compound that alters the structure of mucus so as to decrease its viscosity and thereby facilitate its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. Compare with antitussives, which suppress the cough reflex, and expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing. mucolytics mucolytic mucolytics ChEBI An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189). Wikipedia:Prostaglandin-E2_9-reductase (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 9-oxidoreductase inhibitor (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 9-oxidoreductase inhibitors 9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase inhibitor 9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase inhibitors 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase inhibitor 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase inhibitors EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitors EC 1.1.1.189 inhibitor EC 1.1.1.189 inhibitors PGE-9-ketoreductase inhibitor PGE-9-ketoreductase inhibitors PGE2 9-oxoreductase inhibitor PGE2 9-oxoreductase inhibitors PGE2-9-OR inhibitor PGE2-9-OR inhibitors PGE2-9-ketoreductase inhibitor PGE2-9-ketoreductase inhibitors prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase inhibitor prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase inhibitors prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase inhibitor prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase inhibitors prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase inhibitor prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase inhibitors prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189) inhibitor prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189) inhibitors reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin inhibitor reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin inhibitors EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 9-oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 9-oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI 9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase inhibitor ChEBI 9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase inhibitors ChEBI 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase inhibitor ChEBI 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.1.1.189 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.1.1.189 inhibitors ChEBI PGE-9-ketoreductase inhibitor ChEBI PGE-9-ketoreductase inhibitors ChEBI PGE2 9-oxoreductase inhibitor ChEBI PGE2 9-oxoreductase inhibitors ChEBI PGE2-9-OR inhibitor ChEBI PGE2-9-OR inhibitors ChEBI PGE2-9-ketoreductase inhibitor ChEBI PGE2-9-ketoreductase inhibitors ChEBI prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase inhibitor ChEBI prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase inhibitors ChEBI prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase inhibitor ChEBI prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase inhibitors ChEBI prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase inhibitor ChEBI prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase inhibitors ChEBI prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189) inhibitor ChEBI prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189) inhibitors ChEBI reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin inhibitor ChEBI reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin inhibitors ChEBI A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199). Wikipedia:Food_coloring food coloring food colorings food colourings food colouring food coloring ChEBI food colorings ChEBI food colourings ChEBI A diuretic that acts on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney. Wikipedia:Loop_diuretic loop diuretics loop diuretic loop diuretics ChEBI An EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3). Wikipedia:Histidine_ammonia-lyase EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitors EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitor EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitors L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitor L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitors L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors histidase inhibitor histidase inhibitors histidinase inhibitor histidinase inhibitors histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitor histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitors histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitor histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitors histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitors ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitor ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitors ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors ChEBI histidase inhibitor ChEBI histidase inhibitors ChEBI histidinase inhibitor ChEBI histidinase inhibitors ChEBI histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitor ChEBI histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitors ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitor ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitors ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of tetracycline. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). (1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,5,7,11-tetrahydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracen-2-olate tetracycline tetracycline zwitterion (1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,5,7,11-tetrahydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracen-2-olate IUPAC tetracycline UniProt An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI A food additive that is used to make or keep fruit or vegetable tissues firm and crisp. or which interacts with gelling agents such as pectin to produce or strengthen a gel. Wikipedia:Firming_agent firming agent firming agents food firming agents food firming agent firming agent ChEBI firming agents ChEBI food firming agents ChEBI An antioxidant that used as a food additives to help guard against food deterioration. food antioxidants food antioxidant food antioxidants ChEBI A food preservative that acts by chelating with metal cations (particularly those of copper, iron and nickel) that catalyse the oxidation of fats in food. Wikipedia:Sequestrant sequestrants sequestrant sequestrants ChEBI A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container. food propellants food propellant food propellants ChEBI A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. docosahexaenoate Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 3 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. fatty acid 3:0 fatty acid anion 3:0 fatty acid 3:0 UniProt Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 4 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. fatty acid 4:0 fatty acid anion 4:0 fatty acid 4:0 UniProt Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 6 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. fatty acid 6:0 fatty acid anion 6:0 fatty acid 6:0 UniProt Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 16 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. fatty acid 16:0 fatty acid anion 16:0 fatty acid 16:0 UniProt A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. (2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoate N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteinate (2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC N-acetyl-L-cysteine UniProt A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects. environmental contaminants environmental contaminant environmental contaminants ChEBI A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant refrigerants refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. an alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid zwitterion an alpha-amino acid UniProt Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. carbohydrates and derivatives carbohydrates and their derivatives carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives carbohydrates and derivatives ChEBI carbohydrates and their derivatives ChEBI A chromanol that is chromane in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a hydroxy group. 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol 3,4-dihydrobenzopyran-6-ol chroman-6-ol 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol IUPAC 3,4-dihydrobenzopyran-6-ol ChEBI Any metabolite produced by all living cells. essential metabolite essential metabolites fundamental metabolites fundamental metabolite essential metabolite ChEBI essential metabolites ChEBI fundamental metabolites ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond. olefinic compounds olefinic compound olefinic compounds ChEBI A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid); major species at pH 7.3. HMDB:HMDB0000220 MetaCyc:PALMITATE hexadecanoate (16:0) 1-hexyldecanoate 1-pentadecanecarboxylate CH3-[CH2]14-COO(-) Hexadecanoic acid, ion(1-) n-hexadecanoate n-hexadecoate palmitate pentadecanecarboxylate hexadecanoate hexadecanoate IUPAC hexadecanoate UniProt (16:0) ChEBI 1-hexyldecanoate HMDB 1-pentadecanecarboxylate ChEBI CH3-[CH2]14-COO(-) ChEBI Hexadecanoic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus n-hexadecanoate ChEBI n-hexadecoate ChEBI palmitate ChEBI pentadecanecarboxylate ChEBI A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine. DrugBank:DB01783 HMDB:HMDB0000210 KEGG:C00864 KEGG:D07413 Wikipedia:Pantothenic_acid 3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoic acid Pantothenic acid N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-beta-alanine pantothenic acid 3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoic acid IUPAC Pantothenic acid KEGG_COMPOUND N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-beta-alanine ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of three. trivalent inorganic anions trivalent inorganic anion trivalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. divalent inorganic anions divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. monovalent inorganic anions monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI A member of the class of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone carrying an additional methyl substituent at position 5. KEGG:C18316 MetaCyc:CPD-9135 2-hydroxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone 2-hydroxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione IUPAC 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone KEGG_COMPOUND 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone ChemIDplus An elemental molecular entity in which all of the atoms have atomic number 26. elemental iron A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia galeata. Daphnia galeata metabolites Daphnia galeata metabolite Daphnia galeata metabolites ChEBI An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. crustacean metabolites crustacean metabolite crustacean metabolites ChEBI A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. Daphnia magna metabolites Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia magna metabolites ChEBI A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Wikipedia:Daphnia Daphnia metabolites Daphnia metabolite Daphnia metabolites ChEBI Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. canonical amino acid derivative canonical amino acid derivatives canonical amino-acid derivative canonical amino-acid derivatives proteinogenic amino acid derivatives proteinogenic amino-acid derivative proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives proteinogenic amino acid derivative canonical amino acid derivative ChEBI canonical amino acid derivatives ChEBI canonical amino-acid derivative ChEBI canonical amino-acid derivatives ChEBI proteinogenic amino acid derivatives ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid derivative ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives ChEBI Any derivative of a non-proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group or carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. non-canonical amino acid derivative non-canonical amino-acid derivatives non-proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative non-canonical amino acid derivative ChEBI non-canonical amino-acid derivatives ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives ChEBI Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration. Wikipedia:Proteinogenic_amino_acid canonical amino acid canonical amino acids proteinogenic amino acids proteinogenic amino acid canonical amino acid ChEBI canonical amino acids ChEBI proteinogenic amino acids ChEBI Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. Wikipedia:Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids non-canonical amino acid non-canonical amino acids non-canonical amino-acid non-canonical amino-acids non-coded amino acid non-coded amino acids non-coded amino-acid non-coded amino-acids non-proteinogenic amino acids non-proteinogenic amino-acid non-proteinogenic amino-acids non-proteinogenic amino acid non-canonical amino acid ChEBI non-canonical amino acids ChEBI non-canonical amino-acid ChEBI non-canonical amino-acids ChEBI non-coded amino acid ChEBI non-coded amino acids ChEBI non-coded amino-acid ChEBI non-coded amino-acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino-acid ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino-acids ChEBI Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues. amino acid derivatives modified amino acids amino acid derivative amino acid derivatives ChEBI modified amino acids ChEBI A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of L-cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-cysteine by a heteroatom. L-cysteine derivatives L-cysteine derivative L-cysteine derivatives ChEBI Any alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids. non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acids non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acid non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acids non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acid ChEBI non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acids ChEBI A fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 2-saturated fatty acid. 1,2-saturated fatty acid anion a 1,2-saturated fatty acid 2-saturated fatty acid anion 1,2-saturated fatty acid anion ChEBI a 1,2-saturated fatty acid UniProt A methyl-branched fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 3-methyl fatty acid; major species at pH 7.3. 3-methyl fatty acid 3-methyl-branched fatty acid anion 3-methyl-branched fatty acid(1-) 3-methyl fatty acid anion 3-methyl fatty acid UniProt 3-methyl-branched fatty acid anion ChEBI 3-methyl-branched fatty acid(1-) SUBMITTER A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-glutamic acid by a heteroatom. L-glutamic acid derivatives L-glutamic acid derivative L-glutamic acid derivatives ChEBI Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples. human urinary metabolites human urinary metabolite human urinary metabolites ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19). Wikipedia:Nicotinamidase EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.19 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.19 inhibitors YNDase inhibitor YNDase inhibitors nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19) inhibitor nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19) inhibitors nicotinamidase inhibitor nicotinamidase inhibitors nicotinamide amidase inhibitor nicotinamide amidase inhibitors nicotinamide amidohydrolase inhibitor nicotinamide amidohydrolase inhibitors nicotinamide deaminase inhibitor nicotinamide deaminase inhibitors EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.19 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.19 inhibitors ChEBI YNDase inhibitor ChEBI YNDase inhibitors ChEBI nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19) inhibitor ChEBI nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19) inhibitors ChEBI nicotinamidase inhibitor ChEBI nicotinamidase inhibitors ChEBI nicotinamide amidase inhibitor ChEBI nicotinamide amidase inhibitors ChEBI nicotinamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI nicotinamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI nicotinamide deaminase inhibitor ChEBI nicotinamide deaminase inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae. algal metabolites algal metabolite algal metabolites ChEBI Any member of the class of cholanic acids carrying two hydroxy substituents at unspecified positions. dihydroxycholanic acids dihydroxycholanic acid dihydroxycholanic acids ChEBI Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples. human blood serum metabolites human blood serum metabolite human blood serum metabolites ChEBI An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton. quinolone antibiotics quinolone antibiotic quinolone antibiotics ChEBI Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals. Wikipedia:Antifungal anti-fungal drug anti-fungal drugs anti-fungal medication anti-fungal medications antifungal drugs antifungal medication antifungal medications pharmaceutical fungicide pharmaceutical fungicides antifungal drug anti-fungal drug ChEBI anti-fungal drugs ChEBI anti-fungal medication ChEBI anti-fungal medications ChEBI antifungal drugs ChEBI antifungal medication ChEBI antifungal medications ChEBI pharmaceutical fungicide ChEBI pharmaceutical fungicides ChEBI A class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties. Wikipedia:Sulfonamide_(medicine) sulfonamide antibiotics sulfonamide antimicrobial agent sulfonamide antimicrobial agents sulphonamide antibiotic sulphonamide antibiotics sulfonamide antibiotic sulfonamide antibiotics ChEBI sulfonamide antimicrobial agent ChEBI sulfonamide antimicrobial agents ChEBI sulphonamide antibiotic ChEBI sulphonamide antibiotics ChEBI Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. allergenic metal allergenic metals metal allergens metal allergen allergenic metal ChEBI allergenic metals ChEBI metal allergens ChEBI Any drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. allergenic drug drug allergen allergenic drug ChEBI An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the hydroxy group of 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). 4-methyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-olate 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone(1-) 2-oxido-5-methylquinone 4-methyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-olate IUPAC 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone UniProt 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone(1-) ChEBI A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors. Wikipedia:Receptor_modulator receptor modulators receptor modulator receptor modulators ChEBI A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of cyanide. antidote to cyanide poisoning A carboxylic acic anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any aromatic carboxylic acid. Major species at pH 7.3. an aromatic carboxylate aromatic carboxylate an aromatic carboxylate UniProt A GABA receptor agonist specific for GABAA receptors, ligand-gated ion channels (also known as ionotropic receptors). GABAA receptor agonists GABAA receptor agonist GABAA receptor agonists ChEBI Any inhibitor of erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (red blood cell production). EPO inhibitor EPO inhibitors erythropoietin inhibitors erythropoietin inhibitor EPO inhibitor ChEBI EPO inhibitors ChEBI erythropoietin inhibitors ChEBI An antagonist at purinergic P2 receptors Wikipedia:Purinergic_receptor P2 antagonist P2 antagonists non-selective P2 purinergic antagonist non-selective P2 purinergic antagonists purinergic receptor P2 antagonists purinergic receptor P2 antagonist P2 antagonist ChEBI P2 antagonists ChEBI non-selective P2 purinergic antagonist ChEBI non-selective P2 purinergic antagonists ChEBI purinergic receptor P2 antagonists ChEBI A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CALOHA:TS-2035 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 MESH:D002477 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah OBSOLETE. A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:0000013 cell in vivo obsolete native cell OBSOLETE. A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:mah Any fibroblast that is derived from the neural crest. fibroblast neural crest derived neural crest derived fibroblast Any fibroblast that is derived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) neuronal receptor cell Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. FBC:Autogenerated A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. early embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. GOC:tfm Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory cranial neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007091 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory trunk neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007095 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. germline stem cell germ line stem cell A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis. FMA:72290 MA:0002765 VHOG:0001531 ncithesaurus:Spermatogenic_Cell male germ cell A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis. PMID:29462262 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. BTO:0001275 CALOHA:TS-0951 EMAPA:31484 FMA:84049 WBbt:0006799 spermatocyte A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. GOC:tfm MESH:D013090 A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. BTO:0001274 CALOHA:TS-0950 EMAPA:31486 FMA:72294 WBbt:0006800 nematoblast spermatid A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. MESH:D013087 A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. BTO:0001277 BTO:0002046 CALOHA:TS-0949 FMA:67338 WBbt:0006798 sperm cell spermatozoid spermatozoon sperm A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. GOC:tfm MESH:D013094 An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. BTO:0000958 CALOHA:TS-2193 EMAPA:31482 FMA:72291 spermatogonial cell spermatogonium An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. MESH:D013093 Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. MA:0000388 VHOG:0001530 ncithesaurus:Egg female germ cell Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. GOC:tfm PMID:11023867 PMID:20454446 A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. female germ line stem cell A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. BTO:0000964 CALOHA:TS-0711 FMA:18644 MESH:D009865 WBbt:0006797 oogonium oocyte A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. FMA:83673 oogonial cell An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. smooth muscle cell neural crest derived A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell. neuron neural crest derived neural crest derived neuron Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. BTO:0000930 FMA:70563 neuroblast neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. GOC:NV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 animal stem cell This term applies to metazoan. For plant stem cells, consider using PO:0004011 ‘initial cell’ or its parent PO:0004010 ‘meristematic cell’. stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. GOC:tfm MESH:D013234 A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. FMA:70569 unipotent stem cell unipotential stem cell single fate stem cell A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. GOC:tfm A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 FMA:86475 MESH:D006412 VHOG:0001485 blood forming stem cell hemopoietic stem cell HSC colony forming unit hematopoietic Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative. hematopoietic stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell HSC A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. BTO:0004911 BFU-E CFU-E blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid colony forming unit erythroid erythroid stem cell erythroid progenitor cell A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 BFU-E CFU-E A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children. germ line cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. This cell is CD11b-positive, has basophilic cytoplasm, euchromatin, and the presence of a nucleolus. CALOHA:TS-1195 FMA:83553 CFU-M colony forming unit macrophage colony forming unit monocyte monocyte stem cell Morphology: mononuclear cell, diameter 12-20 _M, non-granular, N/C ratio 3/1 - 4/1; markers: CD11b (shared with many other myeloid cells); location: Adult: bone marrow; fetal: liver, Yolk Sac; role or process: hematopoiesis, monocyte development; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. monoblast A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. This cell is CD11b-positive, has basophilic cytoplasm, euchromatin, and the presence of a nucleolus. GOC:add PMID:1104740 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoblast http://www.copewithcytokines.de CFU-M A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. FMA:84789 multi-fate stem cell multifate stem cell multipotent cell multipotent stem cell multi fate stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. GOC:add A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. BTO:0004730 common myeloid precursor CFU-GEMM CFU-S CMP colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte multipotential myeloid stem cell myeloid stem cell pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate common myeloid progenitor. For mammalian CMP known to be CD34-positive, please use the term 'common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive' (CL_0001059). common myeloid progenitor A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add ISBN:0878932437 MESH:D023461 CFU-GEMM ISBN:0878932437 CFU-S ISBN:0878932437 CMP ISBN:0878932437 colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte ISBN:0878932437 multipotential myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) ISBN:0878932437 A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. CFU-EM CFU-MegE MEP Meg/E progenitor colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell MEPs are reportedly CD19-negative, CD34-negative, CD45RA-negative, CD110-positive, CD117-positive, and SCA1-negative and reportedly express the transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2. megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm MESH:D055015 PMID:16647566 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. common lymphocyte precursor common lymphocyte progenitor common lymphoid precursor CLP ELP committed lymphopoietic stem cell early lymphocyte progenitor lymphoid stem cell lymphopoietic stem cell CLP are CD7-positive, CD10-positive, CD19-negative, CD34-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD79a-negative, CD127-positive, AA4.1-positive, RAG-negative, Sca-1-low, sIgM-negative, sIgD-negative, TdT-negative, Vpre-B-negative, and pre-BCR-negative. Expression of transcription factors include E2A-positive, EBF-positive, Ikaros-negative, PU.1-negative, and Pax5-negative. common lymphoid progenitor A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:10407577 PMID:16551251 CLP ELP A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. FMA:84790 MESH:D039901 totipotential stem cell totipotent stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. GOC:add GOC:tfm A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. BTO:0000125 FMA:84782 blast cell define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? non-terminally differentiated cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. SANBI:mhl A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. BTO:0000222 CALOHA:TS-0650 FMA:70335 VHOG:0001529 myoblast A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. GOC:tfm MESH:D032446 PMID:21849021 A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. BTO:0000452 CALOHA:TS-0362 FMA:63877 NCIT:C12482 VHOG:0001482 These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative. fibroblast A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D005347 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. BTO:0003607 FMA:66783 chrondoplast chondroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. BTO:0001663 FMA:70576 amelocyte enamel secreting cell non-encoded relationship from VSAO produces VSAO:0000066 ameloblast Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 MESH:D000565 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. BTO:0001769 CALOHA:TS-0696 FMA:62999 MESH:D009804 legacy def: One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin. odontoblast Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. VHOG:0001532 XAO:0000031 ciliated cell A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. GOC:tfm A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. BTO:0000414 CALOHA:TS-2026 CARO:0000077 FMA:66768 WBbt:0003672 epitheliocyte epithelial cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. FB:ma GOC:tfm MESH:D004847 An epithelial cell that has a cilia. FMA:70605 ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has a cilia. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 branched duct epithelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree blood vessel endothelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. GOC:tfm non-branched duct epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. GO:0002065 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 CALOHA:TS-1249 squamous epithelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. FMA:66773 mesotheliocyte mesothelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. circulating cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. GOC:add A cell found predominately in the blood. FMA:62844 MESH:D001773 blood cell A cell found predominately in the blood. GOC:add GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the lung. BTO:0004299 lung epithelial cell epithelial cell of lung An epithelial cell of the lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 An epithelial cell of the pancreas. BTO:0000028 pancreas epithelial cell pancreatic epithelial cell epithelial cell of pancreas An epithelial cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. BTO:0000782 CALOHA:TS-1001 FMA:62870 MESH:D013601 VHOG:0001479 T lymphocyte T-cell T-lymphocyte immature T cell mature T cell T cell A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:0781735149 A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. BTO:0000539 BTO:0001026 CALOHA:TS-0422 FMA:62854 granular leucocyte granular leukocyte polymorphonuclear leukocyte granulocyte A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. GOC:amm GOC:tfm MESH:D006098 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte neuron associated cell A cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. Progenitors leave bone marrow and mature in connective and mucosal tissue. Mature mast cells are found in all tissues, except the bloodstream. Their phenotype is CD117-high, CD123-negative, CD193-positive, CD200R3-positive, and FceRI-high. Stem-cell factor (KIT-ligand; SCF) is the main controlling signal of their survival and development. BTO:0000830 CALOHA:TS-0603 FMA:66784 histaminocyte labrocyte mastocyte tissue basophil Mast cells are generally integrin beta-7-negative and positive for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, C3aR, C5aR, CR3, CR4, VEGF, FGF2, and renin. They can express MHC Class I and II on their surface. Activated murine mast cells (IgE+Antigen) were capable of expressing the following co-stimulatory molecules: CD95 (Fas), CD120b, CD137 (4-1BB), CD153 (CD30L), CD154 (CD40L), GITR, ICOSL, OX40L, PD-L1, and PD-L2. Note that there was some mouse strain variation. Mast cells have also been demonstrated to produce bFGF, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-16, IL-25, IL-18, MIP-1, prostaglandin D2, SCF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, TSLP, VEGF, and XCL1. They express the transcription factors Transcription factors AP-1, GATA1, MITF, Notch2, PIAS3, PU.1, and STAT5. mast cell A cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. Progenitors leave bone marrow and mature in connective and mucosal tissue. Mature mast cells are found in all tissues, except the bloodstream. Their phenotype is CD117-high, CD123-negative, CD193-positive, CD200R3-positive, and FceRI-high. Stem-cell factor (KIT-ligand; SCF) is the main controlling signal of their survival and development. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X MESH:D008407 PMCID:PMC1312421 PMCID:PMC2855166 PMID:15153310 PMID:16455980 PMID:19671378 PMID:212366338 PMID:9354811 labrocyte ISBN:0721601464 mastocyte ISBN:0721601464 tissue basophil ISBN:068340007X A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and neurecto-epithelial cell (CL:0000710). sensory epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. BTO:0003811 FMA:67313 WBbt:0005113 interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. GOC:tfm MESH:D007395 An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. BTO:0000312 FMA:83617 WBbt:0005409 motoneuron motor neuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. MESH:D009046 PMID:16875686 Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. BTO:0001037 FMA:84649 MESH:D011984 WBbt:0005759 sensory neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. ISBN:0721662544 A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. FMA:80121 autonomic neuron A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. GOC:tfm A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. BTO:0004902 FMA:84796 MESH:D059329 WBbt:0006840 cholinergic neuron A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. GOC:tfm A vertebrate phagocyte with a single nucleus. BTO:0001433 mononuclear phagocyte A vertebrate phagocyte with a single nucleus. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:0781735149 An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. BTO:0001176 CALOHA:TS-0278 FMA:66772 endotheliocyte From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. endothelial cell An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. GOC:tfm MESH:D042783 PMID:21275341 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855 CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. BTO:0002606 CALOHA:TS-0415 FMA:54536 neuroglial cell neuroglia Not all glial cells develop from glioblasts, with microglia developing from the mesoderm instead. See https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1571 glial cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. MESH:D009457 Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. neurectoderm cell neurectodermal cell Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. BTO:0002625 BTO:0003298 FMA:70546 bone marrow stromal cells colony-forming unit-fibroblast marrow stromal cells BMSC CFU-F MSC mesenchymal precursor cell mesenchymal progenitor cells mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stromal cell mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2. mesenchymal stem cell A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. FB:ma GOC:dsd PMCID:PMC2613570 PMID:10102814 PMID:16923606 PMID:17986482 PMID:19960544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells marrow stromal cells PMID:11378515 BMSC CFU-F MSC PMID:11378515 mesenchymal progenitor cells MESH:D044982 mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal MESH:D044982 A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. BTO:0000443 CALOHA:TS-0012 FMA:63880 adipose cell fat cell adipocyte A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. MESH:D017667 Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. BTO:0000249 CALOHA:TS-0138 FMA:66782 cartilage cell chondrocyte Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. GO_REF:0000034 MESH:D019902 A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. APC Note change of name; nearly all somatic cells can present antigens to T cells via MHC Class I complexes leading to effector responses, but professional antigen presenting cells constitutively express MHC Class II as well as costimulatory molecules, and thus can initiate immune responses via T cells. professional antigen presenting cell A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 APC simple columnar epithelial cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. VHOG:0001678 chromatocyte chromatophore pigment cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. GOC:tfm pigment cell visual pigment cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. CALOHA:TS-2085 FMA:86494 glandular epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. GOC:tfm A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. BTO:0003659 FMA:86916 secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. FMA:16014 exocrine cell A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. ISBN:0198547684 A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GAG secreting cell hyaluronic acid secreting cell glycosaminoglycan secreting cell A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GOC:tfm Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion. protein secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion. FBC:Autogenerated seromucus secreting cell A cell of the epithelial lining that produce and secrete mucins. BTO:0001540 FMA:13148 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goblet_cell chalice cell goblet cell A cell of the epithelial lining that produce and secrete mucins. MESH:D020397 A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. FMA:83809 endocrinocyte endocrine cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. MESH:D055098 An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. BTO:0003865 FMA:62930 MESH:D019858 enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. GOC:tfm SANBI:mhl A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. BTO:0002691 FMA:83810 neurosecretory cell neurosecretory neuron The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. neuroendocrine cell A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. MESH:D055099 The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. PMID:5342440 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323555968000073 A cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. BTO:0000259 FMA:69263 phaeochromocyte chromaffin cell A cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. MESH:D019439 Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion. peptide hormone secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion. FBC:Autogenerated Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion. BTO:0000783 insulin secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. beta cell BTO:0000783 EV:0200009 FMA:70586 MA:0002419 ncithesaurus:Beta_Cell B-cell of pancreatic islet beta cell of pancreatic islet insulin-secreting cell pancreatic B cell pancreatic B-cell pancreatic beta cell pancreatic islet core type B enteroendocrine cell beta cell islet Pancreatic beta cells are also reportedly CD284-positive. Upon activation, they upregulate their CD14 expression. type B pancreatic cell A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_b_cell beta cell ZFA:0009102 B-cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 beta cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 insulin-secreting cell FMA:70586 pancreatic B-cell FMA:70586 pancreatic beta cell FMA:70586 pancreatic islet core MA:0002419 type B enteroendocrine cell FMA:70586 beta cell islet MA:0002419 A cell that secretes glucagon. FMA:84045 glucagon-secreting cell glucagon secreting cell A cell that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. BTO:0000990 FMA:70585 MESH:D050416 alpha cell of islet of Langerhans pancreatic alpha cell pancreatic A cell A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion. somatostatin secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion. FBC:Autogenerated A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. BTO:0000803 FMA:70587 D-cell of pancreatic islet delta cell of islet delta cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic D-cell pancreatic delta cell somatostatin-secreting pancreatic cell pancreatic D cell A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. FMA:0517223651 GOC:tfm Any secretory cell that is capable of some steroid hormone secretion. steroid hormone secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some steroid hormone secretion. FBC:Autogenerated The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. BTO:0000575 CALOHA:TS-0454 FMA:14515 Hepatocytes are reportedly MHC Class I-positive and MHC Class II-positive. hepatocyte The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 MESH:D022781 PMID:19717280 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte A cell whose primary function is to shorten. contractile cell A cell whose primary function is to shorten. FB:ma A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. BTO:0000888 BTO:0000902 CALOHA:TS-2032 FMA:67328 WBbt:0003675 muscle fiber myocyte muscle cell A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. MESH:D032342 A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. BTO:0004392 CALOHA:TS-2158 FMA:9727 skeletal muscle cell cell of skeletal muscle A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. GOC:tfm A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). non-striated muscle cell BTO:0004576 CALOHA:TS-2159 FMA:14072 SMCs myocytes, smooth muscle smooth muscle fiber smooth muscle cell A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). MESH:D032389 PMID:9315361 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cell SMCs PMID:9315361 myocytes, smooth muscle MESH:D032389 A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. MESH:D011984 receptor cell sensory receptor cell A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. mechanoreceptor mechanoreceptor cell A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. MESH:D008465 mechanoreceptor MP:0000972 Any neuron that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. touch receptor cell Any neuron that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. FBC:Autogenerated A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. chemoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. MESH:D002628 Any neuron that is capable of some detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell. BTO:0004185 FMA:67860 MESH:D018034 Wikipedia:Olfactory_receptor_neuron Schultze's cell odorant receptor cell olfactory receptor neuron olfactory sensory neuron olfactory receptor cell Any neuron that is capable of some detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell. FBC:Autogenerated A specialized cell involved in gustatory sensory perception. FMA:67910 taste bud cell taste receptor cell A specialized cell involved in gustatory sensory perception. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. BTO:0001060 CALOHA:TS-0868 FMA:86740 photoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. MESH:D010786 A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. FB:ma A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. boundary cell lining cell A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. JB:jb A cell located in the synovial joint. CALOHA:TS-0995 synoviocyte synovial cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. barrier cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. JB:jb A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. BTO:0001238 CALOHA:TS-0922 FMA:72298 VHOG:0001348 Sertoli cell A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. MESH:D012708 A cell that moves by its own activities. motile cell A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72549 ectoderm cell ectodermal cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004475 A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. FMA:72554 mesoblast mesoderm cell mesodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. MESH:D008648 A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72555 endoderm cell endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004707 A cell that lacks a nucleus. FMA:68647 non-nucleated cell anucleate cell A cell that lacks a nucleus. FB:ma A cell with a single nucleus. single nucleate cell A cell with a single nucleus. FB:ma GOC:tfm Any cell that has characteristic some binucleate. binucleate cell Any cell that has characteristic some binucleate. FBC:Autogenerated A cell with more than one nucleus. AEO:0000203 WBbt:0008074 syncitium syncytial cell syncytium multinucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. FB:ma A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. BTO:0000424 CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:81100 RBC red blood cell erythrocyte A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. GOC:tfm MESH:D004912 A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. BTO:0000132 CALOHA:TS-0803 FMA:62851 anucleate thrombocyte blood platelet enucleate thrombocyte Platelets are reportedly CCR1-positive, CCR2-negative, CCR3-positive, CCR4-positive, CCR5-negative, CCR6-negative, CCR7-negative, CCR8-negative, CCR9-negative, CCR10-negative, CD16-positive, CD23-positive, CD32-positive, CD40-positive, CD41-positive CD42-positive, CD61-positive, CD62P-positive, CD64-positive, CD89-positive, CD102-positive, CD147-positive (activated platelets), CD154-positive (activated platelets), CD162-positive, CD209, CD282-positive, CD284-positive, CD289-positive, CD181-negative, CD182-negative, CD183-negative, CD184-positive, CLEC2-positive, GPVI-positive, JAMC-positive, PAR1-positive, PAR2-negative, PAR3-positive, PAR4-positive, TSP1-positive, and TXA2R-positive. Platelets can reportedly produce CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL17, CD40L, CXCL1, CXCL4, CXCL4L1, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL12, EGF, factor V, factor VII, factor XI, factor XIII, bFGF, histamine, IGF-1, IL-1beta, PAI-1, PDGF, plasminogen, protein S, serotonin, TGF-beta, TFPI, VEGF, and vWF. platelet A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm MESH:D001792 PMID:11110672 PMID:16987572 PMID:17204662 PMID:17479180 PMID:20414831 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. BTO:0001044 FMA:83806 MESH:D010586 phagocyte Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. BTO:0000801 CALOHA:TS-0587 FMA:63261 FMA:83585 MESH:D008264 histiocyte Morphology: Diameter 30_M-80 _M, abundant cytoplasm, low N/C ratio, eccentric nucleus. Irregular shape with pseudopods, highly adhesive. Contain vacuoles and phagosomes, may contain azurophilic granules; markers: Mouse & Human: CD68, in most cases CD11b. Mouse: in most cases F4/80+; role or process: immune, antigen presentation, & tissue remodelling; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. macrophage A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. GOC:add GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16213494 PMID:1919437 A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity. BTO:0000776 CALOHA:TS-0068 FMA:62869 MESH:D001402 VHOG:0001480 B lymphocyte B-cell B-lymphocyte B cell A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0781735149 Any cell that only exists in Eukaryota. MESH:D005057 eukaryotic cell Any cell that only exists in Eukaryota. FBC:Autogenerated Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye. eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye. FBC:Autogenerated A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. structural cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. TAIR:sr A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. growth hormone secreting cell somatotrophin secreting cell somatotropin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. GOC:tfm SANBI:mhl A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. CALOHA:TS-0395 FMA:18649 haploid nucleated cell haploid germ cell gamete A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 lens cell crystallin accumulating cell An epithelial cell found in the trachea. FMA:74793 tracheocyte This class is for the vertebrate tracheal structure. For the analagous insect cell type, see 'respiratory tube epithelial cell' tracheal epithelial cell An epithelial cell found in the trachea. GOC:tfm Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. BTO:0003687 FMA:62511 serous cell serous secreting cell Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris. sebocyte sebum secreting cell A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris. MESH:D012629 Any secretory cell that is capable of some mucus secretion. BTO:0003689 mucous cell mucus secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some mucus secretion. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). stuff accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). FB:ma extracellular matrix secreting cell Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport. oxygen accumulating cell Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport. FBC:Autogenerated A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. FMA:86667 migratory neural crest cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.017 A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. mesenchyme condensation cell A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. GOC:tfm PMID:5025404 A cell found within the adrenal medulla that secrete biogenic amine hormones upon stimulation. FMA:69262 medullary chromaffin cell of adrenal gland adrenal medulla chromaffin cell A cell found within the adrenal medulla that secrete biogenic amine hormones upon stimulation. GOC:tfm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/6405/adrenal-gland medullary chromaffin cell of adrenal gland FMA:69262 A cell of the sclera of the eye. scleral cell A cell of the sclera of the eye. GOC:add A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. choroidal cell of the eye A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. GOC:add Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure. extraembryonic cell Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure. FBC:Autogenerated A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. FMA:83028 trophoblastic cell trophoblast cell A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. GOC:tfm MESH:D014327 A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. epiblast cell A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). BTO:0001473 FMA:72551 blastomere blastoderm cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). MESH:D001756 ncithesaurus:Blastemal_Cell blastema cell blastemal cell A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. FMA:86767 Multi-potency demonstrated ex vivo. At the time of writing, it is unclear whether the endogenous population differentiates into multiple cell types in vivo. multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. PMID:18282570 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. sphincter associated smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. GOC:cjm A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. VSMC vascular smooth muscle cell vascular associated smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). BTO:0001470 CALOHA:TS-0283 FMA:62411 MESH:D000078404 cell of epidermis epithelial cell of skin epidermal cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). Flybase:dsj MA:ma cell of epidermis FMA:62411 epithelial cell of skin FMA:62411 Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. zygote BTO:0000854 EHDAA2:0004546 FMA:72395 animal zygote Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. ISBN:0471245208 tracheoblast A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. FB:ma Any interneuron that has its soma located in some ganglion. ganglion interneuron Any interneuron that has its soma located in some ganglion. FBC:Autogenerated An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. Interneurons are commonly described as being only found in the central nervous system. However, in CL we define 'interneuron' more broadly as any neuron that is neither a motor neuron nor a sensory neuron, regardless of its location, so we need this term to refer strictly to interneurons of the central nervous system. CNS interneuron An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817424-1.00001-X A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. FB:ma Any male germ cell that has characteristic some haploid and is capable of some fertilization. BTO:0001277 CALOHA:TS-0949 male gamete Any male germ cell that has characteristic some haploid and is capable of some fertilization. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. polyploid cell A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. FB:ma PMID:32646579 https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.04%3A_Polyploidy A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. haploid cell A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. FB:ma GOC:tfm endopolyploid cell A fibroblast that synthesizes collagen and uses it to produce reticular fibers, thus providing structural support. Reticular cells are found in many organs, including the spleen, lymph nodes and kidneys. Subtypes of reticular cells include epithelial, mesenchymal, and fibroblastic reticular cells. Fibroblastic reticular cells are involved in directing B cells and T cells to specific regions within a tissue, whereas epithelial and mesenchymal reticular cells are associated with certain areas of the brain. FMA:62877 reticulum cell reticular cell A fibroblast that synthesizes collagen and uses it to produce reticular fibers, thus providing structural support. Reticular cells are found in many organs, including the spleen, lymph nodes and kidneys. Subtypes of reticular cells include epithelial, mesenchymal, and fibroblastic reticular cells. Fibroblastic reticular cells are involved in directing B cells and T cells to specific regions within a tissue, whereas epithelial and mesenchymal reticular cells are associated with certain areas of the brain. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_cell A peptide hormone secreting cell pituitary that produces luteinizing hormone. luteinizing hormone secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell pituitary that produces luteinizing hormone. GOC:tfm A peptide hormone cell that secretes prolactin. prolactin secreting cell A peptide hormone cell that secretes prolactin. GOC:tfm SANBI:mhl A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone. BTO:0002277 melanotrope melanotroph melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone. SANBI:mhl Any secretory cell that is capable of some calcitonin secretion. calcitonin secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some calcitonin secretion. FBC:Autogenerated An epithelial cell of the parathyroid gland that is arranged in wide, irregular interconnecting columns; responsible for the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone. BTO:0004712 CALOHA:TS-2140 FMA:69078 parathyroid chief cell parathyroid gland chief cell parathyroid hormone secreting cell principal cell of parathyroid gland chief cell of parathyroid gland An epithelial cell of the parathyroid gland that is arranged in wide, irregular interconnecting columns; responsible for the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone. FMA:69078 GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 carbohydrate secreting cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). BTO:0002042 CALOHA:TS-0194 FMA:83036 MESH:D003713 interdigitating cell veiled cell dendritic cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Langerhans cell is a conventional dendritic cell that has plasma membrane part CD207. A Langerhans cell is a stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. BTO:0000705 CALOHA:TS-2375 FMA:63072 MESH:D007801 LC Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000021 )(PMID:19243617). These cells are also CD1a-high, CD14-negative, CD207-positive (langerin), CD324-positive (E-cadherin), and DCIR-positive. They reside in the epidermis. Langerhans cell Langerhans cell is a conventional dendritic cell that has plasma membrane part CD207. A Langerhans cell is a stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. GOC:add GOC:amm GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0721601464 ISBN:0781735149 PMCID:PMC2346585 PMID:17850486 A cell capable of producing epinephrine. Epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme, which is expressed in the adrenal glands, androgenic neurons, and in other cell types. adrenaline secreting cell epinephrin secreting cell epinephrine secreting cell A cell capable of producing epinephrine. Epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme, which is expressed in the adrenal glands, androgenic neurons, and in other cell types. GOC:tfm PMID:12438093 adrenaline secreting cell GO:0048242 Any secretory cell that is capable of some mineralocorticoid secretion. mineralocorticoid secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some mineralocorticoid secretion. FBC:Autogenerated biogenic amine secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). 5-HT secreting cell 5-Hydroxytryptamine secreting cell serotonin secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). GOC:tfm PMID:19630576 A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. noradrenaline secreting cell norepinephrin secreting cell norepinephrine secreting cell noradrenergic cell A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces adrenocorticotropin, or corticotropin. ACTH secreting cell adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell corticotrophin hormone secreting cell corticotropin hormone secreting cell corticotropin secreting cell adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces adrenocorticotropin, or corticotropin. GOC:tfm SANBI:mhl ACTH secreting cell GO:0051458 corticotropin secreting cell GO:0051458 A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. defensive cell A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. JB:jb Mast cell subtype whose granules contain both the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. These cells are primarily found in connective tissue, such as the peritoneal cavity, skin, and intestinal submucosa. Their development is T-cell independent. MC(TC) MCTC TC mast cells They are CD88-positive. The cytoplasmic granules contain high levels of histamine and heparin (mouse) or major neutral proteases, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A, and cathepsin G (humans). Reportedly, they cannot produce leukotrienes (LTC4) and IL-4. They are reportedly very heterogeneous depending upon location and can convert to the MC(T) phenotype. connective tissue type mast cell Mast cell subtype whose granules contain both the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. These cells are primarily found in connective tissue, such as the peritoneal cavity, skin, and intestinal submucosa. Their development is T-cell independent. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:19923473 PMID:9354811 A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. visible light photoreceptor cell A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. GOC:tfm A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. BTO:0002064 FMA:83624 stromal cell A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. GOC:tfm MESH:D017154 A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. FMA:62935 D cell type D enteroendocrine cell A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. MESH:D019864 An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. enkephalin secreting cell An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. GO:tfm A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. endorphin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. GO:tfm An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. BTO:0004108 FMA:67609 G cell type G enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D019863 A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. gastrin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. GO:tfm A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein. androgen binding protein secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein. GO:tfm A paracrine cell is a secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it. paracrine cell A paracrine cell is a secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it. GOC:tfm ISBN:0198529171 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. FMA:84797 cardiac muscle progenitor cell cardiomyocyte progenitor cell cardiac muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. GOC:tfm MESH:D032386 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. FMA:84798 myoblast, smooth muscle satellite cell smooth muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. GOC:tfm MESH:D032390 myoblast, smooth muscle MESH:D032390 A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. FMA:84799 skeletal myoblast skeletal muscle myoblast A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. SANBI:mhl A phagocyte in vertebrates that is able to phagocytosis. phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) A phagocyte in vertebrates that is able to phagocytosis. GOC:tfm Any cell that only exists in Fungi. fungal cell Any cell that only exists in Fungi. FBC:Autogenerated A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. FMA:83043 syncytial trophoblast cell syncytiotrophoblastic cell plasmidotrophoblast cell syntrophoblast cell syncytiotrophoblast cell A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 syncytial trophoblast cell PMID:11787150 syncytiotrophoblastic cell PMID:21733368 A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. FMA:87653 input neuron afferent neuron A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. GOC:tfm MESH:D009475 A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. output neuron efferent neuron A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. MESH:D009476 The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. BTO:0000938 CALOHA:TS-0683 FMA:54527 VHOG:0001483 WBbt:0003679 nerve cell These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. neuron The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. MESH:D009474 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. BTO:0000775 CALOHA:TS-0583 FMA:62863 MESH:D008214 VHOG:0001535 Editors note: consider adding taxon constraint to vertebrata (PMID:18025161) lymphocyte A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. GOC:add ISBN:0683073696 ISBN:0781735149 An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83518 rubriblast pronormoblast proerythroblast An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 PMID:1638021 rubriblast ISBN:0721601464 A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83505 basophilic normoblast early erythroblast early normoblast prorubricyte basophilic erythroblast A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 basophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 early erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 early normoblast ISBN:0721601464 prorubricyte ISBN:0721601464 A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83506 intermediate erythroblast intermediate normoblast polychromatic erythroblast polychromatic normoblast polychromatophilic normoblast rubricyte polychromatophilic erythroblast A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 intermediate erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 intermediate normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 rubricyte ISBN:0721601464 The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. FMA:84646 acidophilic erythroblast eosinophilic erythroblast late erythoblast orthochromatic normoblast pyknotic eto enrythroblast orthochromatic erythroblast The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. ISBN:0721601464 acidophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 eosinophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 orthochromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 pyknotic eto enrythroblast ISBN:0721601464 The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0001164 CALOHA:TS-0610 FMA:84235 MESH:D055016 CFU-Meg Meg-CFC MkP colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte megacaryoblast megacaryocyte progenitor cell megakaryoblast megakaryocytic progenitor cell promegacaryocyte promegakaryocyte Lineage negative is described here as CD2-negative, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8a-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD56-negative, Ly6g-negative, and Ter119-negative. megakaryocyte progenitor cell The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 CFU-Meg PMID:11722431 PMID:12482498 Meg-CFC PMCID:PMC1794060 MkP PMID:21116988 megakaryocytic progenitor cell PMID:12482498 A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. BTO:0000843 CALOHA:TS-0611 FMA:83555 megacaryocyte megalocaryocyte megalokaryocyte Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive. megakaryocyte A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. ISBN:0721601464 MESH:D008533 PMID:31043076 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages. These cells are CD123-positive, and do not express Gata1 or Gata2 but do express C/EBPa, and Pu.1. CFU-C , Colony forming unit in culture colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage granulocyte-macrophage progenitor granulocyte/monocyte precursor granulocyte/monocyte progenitor CFU-GM GMP Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000042)(PMID:19243617). GMPs are reportedly CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD34-positive, CD38-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD110-negative, CD117-positive, CD123-positive, and SCA1-negative. granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages. These cells are CD123-positive, and do not express Gata1 or Gata2 but do express C/EBPa, and Pu.1. GOC:amm GOC:dsd GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0721601464 MESH:D055014 PMCID:PMC2213186 PMCID:PMC548021 PMID:16551251 PMID:16647566 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFU-GM http://www.copewithcytokines.de CFU-C , Colony forming unit in culture http://www.copewithcytokines.de colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage ISBN:0721601464 PMCID:PMC2213186 PMCID:PMC548021 granulocyte-macrophage progenitor ISBN:0721601464 PMCID:PMC2213186 PMCID:PMC548021 CFU-GM ISBN:0721601464 PMCID:PMC2213186 PMCID:PMC548021 GMP ISBN:0721601464 PMCID:PMC2213186 PMCID:PMC548021 An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. BTO:0001173 CALOHA:TS-0864 MESH:D012156 reticulocyte An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:15946868 PMID:2037622 A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules. BTO:0004657 FMA:83551 Morphology: Mononuclear cell, diameter 14-18 _M, fine azurophilic granules; markers: CD11b (shared with many other myeloid cells); location: Adult: bone marrow; Fetal: Liver, Yolk Sac; role or process: hematopoiesis, monocyte development; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. promonocyte A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 An erythrocyte having a nucleus. RBC red blood cell nucleate erythrocyte An erythrocyte having a nucleus. GOC:add GOc:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. angioblast chondroplast These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, CD309-positive, and TAL1-positive. angioblastic mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 A cell that originates in the neural crest, that has certain cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and is found scattered throughout the body; types include melanocytes, the cells of the chromaffin system, and cells in the hypothalamus, hypophysis, thyroid, parathyroids, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. This cell type concentrates the amino acid precursors of certain amines and decarboxylate them, forming amines that function as regulators and neurotransmitters. This cell type produces substances such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, enkephalin, somatostatin, neurotensin, and substance P, the actions of which may affect contiguous cells, nearby groups of cells, or distant cells, thus functioning as local or systemic hormones. The name is an acronym for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell. BTO:0003866 FMA:83114 MESH:D001078 APUD cell amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell A cell that originates in the neural crest, that has certain cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and is found scattered throughout the body; types include melanocytes, the cells of the chromaffin system, and cells in the hypothalamus, hypophysis, thyroid, parathyroids, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. This cell type concentrates the amino acid precursors of certain amines and decarboxylate them, forming amines that function as regulators and neurotransmitters. This cell type produces substances such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, enkephalin, somatostatin, neurotensin, and substance P, the actions of which may affect contiguous cells, nearby groups of cells, or distant cells, thus functioning as local or systemic hormones. The name is an acronym for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. cardiac mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. PMID:18816864 A neuroepithelial cells that occurs singly or in small groups, close to the outer follicular borders but within the follicular basement membrane of the thyroid. Expresses a form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) on their surface. Secretes calcitonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine. FMA:68653 SCTID:176770005 C cell C cell of thyroid gland clear cell of thyroid gland parafollicular cell of thyroid gland thyroid parafollicular cell parafollicular cell A neuroepithelial cells that occurs singly or in small groups, close to the outer follicular borders but within the follicular basement membrane of the thyroid. Expresses a form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) on their surface. Secretes calcitonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 C cell of thyroid gland FMA:68653 clear cell of thyroid gland FMA:68653 parafollicular cell of thyroid gland FMA:68653 thyroid parafollicular cell FMA:68653 One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. BTO:0001036 CALOHA:TS-0866 FMA:67748 cone retinal cone cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. MESH:D017949 cone doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 An epithelial cell of the cornea. BTO:0004298 CALOHA:TS-0173 FMA:70551 epithelial cell of cornea corneal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the cornea. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cornea FMA:70551 Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. BTO:0000876 CALOHA:TS-0638 FMA:62864 Morphology: Mononuclear cell, diameter, 14 to 20 _M, N/C ratio 2:1-1:1. Nucleus may appear in variety of shapes: round, kidney, lobulated, or convoluted. Fine azurophilic granules present; markers: CD11b (shared with other myeloid cells), human: CD14, mouse: F4/80-mid,GR1-low; location: Blood, but can be recruited into tissues; role or process: immune & tissue remodelling; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. monocyte Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. GO_REF:0000031 MESH:D009000 The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. BTO:0000535 NCIT:C12597 VHOG:0001534 WBbt:0006796 germ cell The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MESH:D005854 A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. androgen secreting cell A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. GOC:tfm An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. red blood cell RBC enucleate erythrocyte An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. GOC:add GOC:tfm RBC One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. BTO:0001024 CALOHA:TS-0870 FMA:67747 rod retinal rod cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. MESH:D017948 rod doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 A progenitor cell committed to the basophil lineage. This cell lacks hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative) and is CD34-positive, T1/ST2-low, CD117-negative, and FceRIa-high. This cell also expresses Gata-1, Gata-2 and C/EBPa. BaP CFU-Bas basophilic stem cell colony forming unit basophil BaP are also CD13-low and integrin beta-7-low. They are lin-negative (CD2, CD3e, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, ly6g, ly76, and NCAM-1). They also lack expression of mast cell protease 1 (MCP-1) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf). basophil progenitor cell A progenitor cell committed to the basophil lineage. This cell lacks hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative) and is CD34-positive, T1/ST2-low, CD117-negative, and FceRIa-high. This cell also expresses Gata-1, Gata-2 and C/EBPa. GOC:add GOC:dsd PMCID:PMC1312421 http://www.copewithcytokines.de A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). FMA:83625 MESH:D061354 acinic cell acinous cell acinar cell A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). GOC:tfm http://www.copewithcytokines.de A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. large granular lymphocyte null cell BTO:0000914 BTO:0004716 CALOHA:TS-0664 FMA:63147 FMA:83601 MESH:D007694 VHOG:0001697 NK cell natural killer cell A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:15771571 A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. BTO:0002315 supportive cell supporting cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. FB:ma GOC:tfm A cell that stains readily in the anterior pituitary gland. FMA:83089 chromophil cell of anterior pituitary gland A cell that stains readily in the anterior pituitary gland. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 An acidophilic chromophil cell that of the anterior pituitary gland. FMA:83093 acidophil cell of pars anterior of adenohypophysis acidophil of pars anterior of adenohypophysis acidophil of pars distalis of adenohypophysis pituitary alpha cell acidophil cell of pars distalis of adenohypophysis An acidophilic chromophil cell that of the anterior pituitary gland. GOC:tfm An agranular supporting cell of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) that is characterized by a star-like morphology and ability to form follicles. Folliculostellate cells communicate with each other and with endocrine cells via gap junctions. folliculo-stellate cell pituitary folliculostellate cell FS cell FSC Sox2-positive stem cell Folliculostellate cells are a heterogeneous group of cells rather than a single cell type, with different morphology and gene expression profiles. Due to this heterogeneity, it is unclear if different properties that have been attributed to folliculostellate cells (pluripotent, proliferative, phagocytic) are common in all folliculostellate cells or limited to particular subsets. folliculostellate cell An agranular supporting cell of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) that is characterized by a star-like morphology and ability to form follicles. Folliculostellate cells communicate with each other and with endocrine cells via gap junctions. JB:jb PMID:10495875 PMID:15961560 doi:10.23937/2572-407X.1510006 folliculo-stellate cell doi:10.23937/2572-407X.1510006 pituitary folliculostellate cell PMID:34734454 FS cell PMID:34734454 FSC doi:10.23937/2572-407X.1510006 Sox2-positive stem cell PMID:34734454 Folliculostellate cells are a heterogeneous group of cells rather than a single cell type, with different morphology and gene expression profiles. Due to this heterogeneity, it is unclear if different properties that have been attributed to folliculostellate cells (pluripotent, proliferative, phagocytic) are common in all folliculostellate cells or limited to particular subsets. PMID:18287078 PMID:31620083 PMID:34734454 doi:10.23937/2572-407X.1510006 This cell type produces and secretes melatonin and forms the pineal parenchyma. Extending from each cell body, which has a spherical, oval or lobulated mucleus, are one or more tortuous basophilic processes, containing parallel microtubules known as synaptic ribbons. These processes end in expanded terminal buds near capillaries or less, frequently, ependymal cells of the pineal recess. The terminal buds contain granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and electron-dense cored vesicles, which store monoamines and polypeptide hormones, release of which appears to require sympathetic innervation. BTO:0001068 FMA:83417 pinealocyte This cell type produces and secretes melatonin and forms the pineal parenchyma. Extending from each cell body, which has a spherical, oval or lobulated mucleus, are one or more tortuous basophilic processes, containing parallel microtubules known as synaptic ribbons. These processes end in expanded terminal buds near capillaries or less, frequently, ependymal cells of the pineal recess. The terminal buds contain granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and electron-dense cored vesicles, which store monoamines and polypeptide hormones, release of which appears to require sympathetic innervation. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 PMID:16687276 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealocyte A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I. BTO:0000512 FMA:18645 primary oogonium primary oocyte A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A secondary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed meiosis II. BTO:0003094 FMA:18646 primary oogonium secondary oocyte A secondary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed meiosis II. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. BTO:0001115 CALOHA:TS-2194 FMA:72292 primary spermatocyte A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. BTO:0000709 CALOHA:TS-2195 FMA:72293 secondary spermatocyte One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 window cell fenestrated cell An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. collagen secreting cell An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. GOC:tfm A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. FMA:70567 gonocyte primitive germ cell primordial germ cell A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. GOC:tfm PMID:1381289 A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. muscle precursor cell A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. GOC:add A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. FMA:62938 FMA:83409 type F enteroendocrine cell PP cell A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. GOC:tfm JB:jb PMID:15153415 Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 FMA:70557 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098). neurecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. CALOHA:TS-2086 MESH:D053687 somatic stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. GO:0048103 Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. BTO:0002916 CALOHA:TS-2157 FMA:86936 striated muscle cell Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. BTO:0000751 CALOHA:TS-0549 FMA:62852 MESH:D007962 NCIT:C12529 leucocyte white blood cell immune cell leukocyte An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:978-0-323-05290-0 The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. BTO:0001800 FMA:67765 MESH:D012165 gangliocyte ganglion cell of retina RGC RGCs retinal ganglion cell The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. GOC:dph RGC doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 RGCs doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. cardiocyte BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:14067 MESH:D032383 cardiac muscle fiber cardiac myocyte cardiomyocyte heart muscle cell This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction. cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. GOC:mtg_cardiacconduct_nov11 GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22426062 PMID:4711263 cardiac muscle fiber GO:0048739 A nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation, typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates. Note that this is a non-mammalian cell type. Use platelet ; CL:0000233 for thrombocytes (platelets) in mammals. nucleated thrombocyte A nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation, typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:16360205 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. BTO:0001441 CALOHA:TS-0647 MESH:D022423 myeloid cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. GOC:add A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:62845 FMA:83516 erythropoietic cell Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. erythroid lineage cell A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. GOC:add GOC:tfm A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. BTO:0001571 CALOHA:TS-0289 FMA:83504 MESH:D004900 normoblast erythroblast A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 PMID:18174176 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. myeloid leukocyte A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. GOC:add Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive. polymorphonuclear leucocyte polymorphonuclear leukocyte BTO:0000129 CALOHA:TS-0073 FMA:62862 basophilic leucocyte basophilic leukocyte Matures in the bone marrow and account for <1% of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow. Basophils are described as being CD11a-positive, CD11b-positive, CD13-positive, CD15-positive, CD18-positive, CD21-positive, CD25-positive, CD29-positive, CD35-positive, CD40-positive, CD40L-positive, CD44-positive, CD45R-negative, CD46-positive, CD49a-positive, CD49b-positive, CD49d-positive, CD55-positive, CD59-positive, CD62L-positive, CD63-positive, CD69-positive, CD90-negative, CD116-positive, CD117-negative, CD124-positive, CD125-positive, CD131-positive, CD161-positive, CD184-positive, CD191-positive, CD192-positive, CD197-positive, CD200R3-positive, CD218-positive, CD282-positive, CD284-positive, CD289-positive, CD290-positive, CD294-positive, natural killer cell receptor 2B4-positive, smad1-positive, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD7-negative, CD8-negative, CD14-negative, CD15-negative, CD16-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD34-negative, CD36-negative, CD45R-negative, CD56-negative, CD57-negative, CD235a-negative, and GR1-negative. Transcription factors- GATA1-positive, PU.1-positive. basophil Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive. GOC:add GOC:amm GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 MESH:D001491 PMCID:PMC2626675 PMID:11927641 PMID:19741522 PMID:21236338 PMID:9933081 Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. polymorphonuclear leucocyte polymorphonuclear leukocyte BTO:0000399 CALOHA:TS-0279 FMA:62861 MESH:D004804 eosinocyte eosinophilic granulocyte eosinophilic leucocyte eosinophilic leukocyte Eosinophils are also CD14-negative, CD32-positive, CD44-positive, CD48-positive, CD69-positive, CD192-negative, MBP1-positive, MBP2-positive, TLR2-negative, TLR4-negative, and lineage-negative (B220, CD2, CD14, CD19, CD56, CD71, CD117, CD123, CD235a (glycophorin A), and TER119). The cytokines IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF are involved in their development and differentiation. Usually considered CD16-negative, CD16 is observed on eosinophilic metamyelocyte. eosinophil Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. GOC:add GOC:amm GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 PMCID:PMC2626675 PMID:10914487 PMID:1662676 Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. PMN poly polymorphonuclear leucocyte polymorphonuclear leukocyte polymorphonuclear neutrophil polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte BTO:0000130 CALOHA:TS-0688 FMA:62860 MESH:D009504 neutrocyte neutrophil leucocyte neutrophil leukocyte neutrophilic leucocyte neutrophilic leukocyte neutrophil Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. GOC:add GOC:amm GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage. interdigitating cell veiled cell BTO:0004721 CD11c+CD123- DC mDC These cells are CD1a-negative, CD1b-positive, CD11a-positive, CD11c-positive, CD13-positive, CD14-negative, CD20-negative, CD21-negative, CD33-positive, CD40-negative, CD50-positive, CD54-positive, CD58-positive, CD68-negative, CD80-negative, CD83-negative, CD85j-positive, CD86-positive, CD89-negative, CD95-positive, CD120a-negative, CD120b-positive, CD123-negative, CD178-negative, CD206-negative, CD207-negative, CD209-negative, and TNF-alpha-negative. Upon TLR stimulation, they are capable of producing high levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8). myeloid dendritic cell A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage. GOC:add PMID:10449155 PMID:17332250 PMID:9521319 A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes. multinucleated phagocyte A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes. GOC:add GOC:tfm A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen. mature B lymphocyte mature B-cell mature B-lymphocyte Mature B cells are also reportedly CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD22-positive, CD34-negative, CD48-positive, CD79a-positive, CD84-positive, CD127-negative, CD352-positive, RAG-negative, TdT-negative, Vpre-B-negative, and pre-BCR-negative. Transcription factors expressed: Pax5-positive. mature B cell A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen. GOC:add GOC:dsd ISBN:0781735149 A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. BTO:0000392 FMA:70574 MESH:D010950 plasma B cell plasma B-cell plasmacyte plasmocyte effector B cell effector B-cell Plasma cells develop in the spleen and migrate to the bone marrow. Plasma cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD21-negative, CD22-negative, CD23-negative, CD24-negative, CD25-negative, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-low, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-positive, CD95-positive, CD196-negative, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. Transcription factors: BLIMP1-positive, IRF4-positive, PAX5-negative, SpiB-negative, Ets1-negative, and XBP1-positive. plasma cell A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. GOC:add GOC:dsd GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0721601464 ISBN:0781735149 PMID:19447676 PMID:20081059 PMID:20839338 PMID:20951740 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. suppressor T cell suppressor T lymphocyte suppressor T-cell suppressor T-lymphocyte BTO:0004520 FMA:84070 MESH:D050378 Treg regulatory T lymphocyte regulatory T-cell regulatory T-lymphocyte This cell type may express FoxP3 and CD25 and secretes IL-10 and TGF-beta. regulatory T cell A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation. immature B lymphocyte immature B-cell immature B-lymphocyte newly formed B cell Immature B cells are also reportedly CD5-positive, CD10-positive, CD19-positive, CD20-positive, CD21-positive, CD22-positive, CD24-positive, CD25-negative, CD27-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-negative, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-positive, CD79a-positive, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-negative, CD95-negative, CD127-negative, CD138-negative, CD185-positive, CD196-positive, MHCII/HLA-DR-positive, RAG-positive, TdT-negative, Vpre-B-negative, and preBCR-negative. Transcription factors expressed: Pax5-positive. immature B cell An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:rhs GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0781735149 PMID:20081059 PMID:20839338 newly formed B cell ISBN:781735149 A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive. BTO:0001133 CALOHA:TS-0819 pre-B cell precursor B cell A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive. GOC:rhs GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen. transitional B cell transitional stage B lymphocyte transitional stage B-cell transitional stage B-lymphocyte T1 B cell T2 B cell T3 B cell This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'transitional B cell'. transitional stage B cell An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0781735149 PMID:12810111 PMID:22343568 transitional B cell PMID:22343568 A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. These cells are CD43-positive. B-1 B lymphocyte B-1 B-cell B-1 B-lymphocyte B-1 cell B1 B cell B1 B lymphocyte B1 B-cell B1 B-lymphocyte B1 cell There are small numbers of B-1 cells found in the lymph nodes and spleen, while larger numbers can be found in the peritoneal and pleural cavities. B-1 B cells are reportedly CD11b-positive, CD20-positive, CD21-positive, CD27-positive, CD44-positive, CD45RB-positive, CD48-positive, CD70-negative, CD150-positive, CD244-negative, CD352-positive, sIgM-positive, and sIgD-low. B-1 B cell A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. These cells are CD43-positive. GOC:add GOC:dsd GO_REF:0000031 PMID:11861604 PMID:20933013 PMID:21220451 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1_cell A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-positive. B-1a B lymphocyte B-1a B-cell B-1a B-lymphocyte B1a B cell B1a B lymphocyte B1a B-cell B1a B-lymphocyte B1a cell CD5(+) B1 cell CD5+ B1 cell CD5-positive B1 cell B-1a B cell A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-positive. GOC:add PMID:11861604 A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-negative, but having other phenotypic attributes of a B-1 B cell. B-1b B lymphocyte B-1b B-cell B-1b B-lymphocyte B1b B cell B1b B lymphocyte B1b B-cell B1b B-lymphocyte B1b cell B-1b B cell A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-negative, but having other phenotypic attributes of a B-1 B cell. GOC:add PMID:11861604 A conventional B cell subject to antigenic stimulation and dependent on T cell help and with a distinct surface marker expression pattern from B-1 B cells. These cells are CD43-negative. B-2 B lymphocyte B-2 B-cell B-2 B-lymphocyte B2 B cell B2 B lymphocyte B2 B-cell B2 B-lymphocyte B2 cell B-0 B cell B-2 B cells are reportedly CD48-positive, CD244-negative, and CD352-positive. B-2 B cell A conventional B cell subject to antigenic stimulation and dependent on T cell help and with a distinct surface marker expression pattern from B-1 B cells. These cells are CD43-negative. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0781735149 PMID:11861604 PMID:20933013 A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature and expresses natural killer cell receptors (NKR). immature NK cell p-NK In mouse the NKR are Ly49 molecules and in human these cells express KIR molecules. immature natural killer cell A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature and expresses natural killer cell receptors (NKR). GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0781735149 PMID:12457618 p-NK PMID:12457618 A lymphoid progenitor cell that is committed to the natural killer cell lineage, expressing CD122 (IL-15) receptor, but lacking many of the phenotypic characteristics of later stages of natural killer cell development such as expression of NK activating and inhibitory molecules. In human this cell has the phenotype CD34-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD10-positive, CD117-negative, and CD161 negative. NKP natural killer cell progenitor pro-natural killer cell null cell preNK cell Most markers only described for human pro NK cells. pro-NK cell A lymphoid progenitor cell that is committed to the natural killer cell lineage, expressing CD122 (IL-15) receptor, but lacking many of the phenotypic characteristics of later stages of natural killer cell development such as expression of NK activating and inhibitory molecules. In human this cell has the phenotype CD34-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD10-positive, CD117-negative, and CD161 negative. GOC:add GOC:pam GO_REF:0000031 PMID:11532393 PMID:12457618 PMID:15032583 PMID:15766674 NKP PMID:12457618 PMID:15032583 PMID:15766674 null cell PMID:11532393 preNK cell PMID:11532393 A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs. pre-pro B cell BTO:0003104 pro-B lymphocyte pro-B-cell pro-B-lymphocyte progenitor B cell progenitor B lymphocyte progenitor B-cell progenitor B-lymphocyte pre-B cell (Philadelphia nomenclature) Human pro-B cells are reportedly CD10-positive, CD22-positive, CD34-positive, CD38-positive, CD45-low, CD48-positive, CD79a-positive, CD127-positive, CD184-positive, RAG-positive, TdT-positive, Vpre-B-positive, pre-BCR-negative, IgD-negative, and IgM-negative. Transcription factors expressed: Pax5-positive, EBF-positive, E2A-negative, Ikaros-negative, and PU.1-negative. pro-B cell A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs. GOC:add GOC:dsd ISBN:0781735149 PMID:12633665 PMID:16551251 PMID:18432934 pre-pro B cell PMID:17582343 pre-B cell (Philadelphia nomenclature) PMID:11244048 A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage. pro-T lymphocyte progenitor T cell DN1 cell DN1 thymocyte TN1 cell pro-T cell A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A progenitor cell of the thrombocyte, a nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates. Note that this is a non-mammalian cell type. thromboblast A progenitor cell of the thrombocyte, a nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:7758949 A myeloblast committed to the basophil lineage. basophilic myeloblast A myeloblast committed to the basophil lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 A progenitor cell of the mast cell lineage. Markers for this cell are FceRIa-low, CD117-positive, CD9-positive, T1/ST2-positive, SCA1-negative, and lineage-negative. MCP CFU-MC CFU-Mast colony forming unit mast cell MCP are CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD34-positive, CD45-positive, integrin beta-7-positive, and lin-negative (CD2, CD3e, CD4, CD5, CD8a, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD27, integrin alpha-M, ly6c, ly6g, NCAM-1, and ter119). These cells also express the transcription factors GATA-1, GATA-2, and MITF, but not C/EBPa. mast cell progenitor A progenitor cell of the mast cell lineage. Markers for this cell are FceRIa-low, CD117-positive, CD9-positive, T1/ST2-positive, SCA1-negative, and lineage-negative. GOC:add GOC:dsd PMCID:PMC1183570 PMCID:PMC1312421 PMID:8629001 PMID:9354811 http://www.copewithcytokines.de The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration (5:1-7:1), and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. They reside in the bone marrow. BTO:0000187 FMA:83524 myeloblast The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration (5:1-7:1), and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. They reside in the bone marrow. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloblast http://www.cap.org A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 MPP hemopoietic progenitor cell Markers differ between mouse and human. hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage. lymphoid progenitor cell BTO:0004731 CALOHA:TS-2025 FMA:70338 Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage. GOC:add GOC:tfm A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. myeloid progenitor cell BTO:0004730 CALOHA:TS-2099 FMA:70339 Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. BTO:0000878 CALOHA:TS-0768 FMA:86713 mononuclear leukocyte peripheral blood mononuclear cell mononuclear cell A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. GOC:add An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob. ciliated olfactory sensory neuron ciliated sensory neuron ciliated olfactory receptor neuron An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob. PMID:16841163 A macrophage constitutively resident in a particular tissue under non-inflammatory conditions, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. FMA:84642 FMA:84644 fixed macrophage resting histiocyte tissue-resident macrophage A macrophage constitutively resident in a particular tissue under non-inflammatory conditions, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. GOC:ana GO_REF:0000031 PMID:19770654 A tissue-resident macrophage found in the central nervous system. CNS macrophage central nervous system macrophage A tissue-resident macrophage found in the central nervous system. GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16322748 A border associated macrophage that is adjacent to a small blood vessel of a brain. A perivascular macrophage expresses the markers CD14, CD16 and CD163. In homeostatic conditions, this central nervous system macrophage has a non-motile cell body with extending and retracting projections through the blood vessel wall. pvMΦ perivascular macrophage A border associated macrophage that is adjacent to a small blood vessel of a brain. A perivascular macrophage expresses the markers CD14, CD16 and CD163. In homeostatic conditions, this central nervous system macrophage has a non-motile cell body with extending and retracting projections through the blood vessel wall. GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16507898 PMID:37232741 pvMΦ PMID:37232741 An immature myeloid leukocyte of heterogeneous phenotype found particularly in cancer and sepsis patients that is capable of suppressing activity of T cells in ex vivo assays. This cell type is CD45-positive, CD11b-positive. Markers: Mouse: CD11b+GR1+CD31+; Human: CD34+ CD33+CD15-CD13+. (According to some reports in humans these cells are iNOS+ARG1+IL13+IFNg+); location: In cancerous tissue; in the blood and lymphoid organs in sepsis. myeloid suppressor cell An immature myeloid leukocyte of heterogeneous phenotype found particularly in cancer and sepsis patients that is capable of suppressing activity of T cells in ex vivo assays. This cell type is CD45-positive, CD11b-positive. GOC:add GOC:ana GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16168663 PMID:17016554 PMID:17016559 An immature T cell located in the thymus. immature T cell immature T lymphocyte immature T-cell immature T-lymphocyte BTO:0001372 CALOHA:TS-1042 FMA:72202 MESH:D060168 XAO:0003159 thymic lymphocyte thymocyte An immature T cell located in the thymus. GOC:add GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:12415312 A pro-T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-positive, and CD25-negative. DN1 thymic pro-T lymphocyte DN1 thymic pro-T-cell DN1 thymic pro-T-lymphocyte DN1 thymic progenitor T cell DN1 thymocyte double negative 1 preT.DN1.Th DN1 thymic pro-T cell A pro-T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-positive, and CD25-negative. GOC:add GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 A differentiated T cell with ability to traffic to peripheral tissues and is capable of mounting a specific immune response. effector T lymphocyte effector T-cell effector T-lymphocyte effector T cell A differentiated T cell with ability to traffic to peripheral tissues and is capable of mounting a specific immune response. GOC:PAM-ADD GOC:tfm ISBN:0877799148 PMID:18395547 A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells. BTO:0002417 MESH:D006377 T-helper cell helper T lymphocyte helper T-cell helper T-lymphocyte helper T cell A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells. GOC:add GOC:pam GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:18395547 Cell committed to natural killer cell lineage that has the phenotype CD122-positive, CD34-positive, and CD117-positive. This cell type lacks expression of natural killer receptor proteins. pre-NK cell These cells are also reportedly CD7-low, CD10-negative, CD45RA-positive, alpha-4-beta-7 integrin-high. pre-natural killer cell Cell committed to natural killer cell lineage that has the phenotype CD122-positive, CD34-positive, and CD117-positive. This cell type lacks expression of natural killer receptor proteins. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:pam GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16551251 PMID:17100874 A dendritic cell arising in thymus that has the phenotype CD11c-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD45RA-negative. In the mouse this cell expresses CD8-alpha-alpha. thymic conventional dendritic cell A dendritic cell arising in thymus that has the phenotype CD11c-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD45RA-negative. GOC:add GOC:pam GO_REF:0000031 PMID:19273629 A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. Types of B lineage lymphocytes include B cells and antibody secreting cells (plasmablasts and plasma cells). Lymphocytes of B cell lineage can be distinguished from those of T cell lineage by their lack of CD3e (as part of the T cell receptor complex). lymphocyte of B lineage A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. GOC:add GOC:rhs GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0781735149 A lymphocyte of B lineage that is devoted to secreting large amounts of immunoglobulin. antibody secreting cell A lymphocyte of B lineage that is devoted to secreting large amounts of immunoglobulin. GOC:add GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0721601464 ISBN:0781735149 A small pre-B-II cell is a pre-B-II cell that is Rag1-positive, Rag2-positive, pre-BCR-negative, and BCR-negative, is not proliferating, and carries a DNA rearrangement of one or more immunoglobulin light chain genes. small pre-BII cell Small pre-B-II cells are also reportedly CD10-positive, CD19-positive, CD34-negative, CD79a-positive, CD127-negative, TdT-negative, Vpre-B-negative, sIgM-negative, and sIgD-negative. Transcription factors: PU.1-positive, Ikaros-positive, E2A-positive, and PAX5-positive. small pre-B-II cell A small pre-B-II cell is a pre-B-II cell that is Rag1-positive, Rag2-positive, pre-BCR-negative, and BCR-negative, is not proliferating, and carries a DNA rearrangement of one or more immunoglobulin light chain genes. GOC:dsd GOC:rhs GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16551251 PMID:18432934 PMID:9785673 A pre-B-II cell is a precursor B cell that expresses immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu+), and lack expression of CD34, TdT, immunoglobulin kappa light chain and immunoglobulin lambda light chain. BTO:0001133 CALOHA:TS-0819 pre-B-lymphocyte pre-BII cell pre-B-II cell are also reportedly CD19-positive, CD22-positive, CD38-positive, CD45-positive, and CD48-positive. pre-B-II cell A pre-B-II cell is a precursor B cell that expresses immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu+), and lack expression of CD34, TdT, immunoglobulin kappa light chain and immunoglobulin lambda light chain. GOC:dsd GOC:rhs GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:9785673 A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for months. short lived plasma cell A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for months. GOC:msz GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16014527 An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative. CD20-negative B cell FMA:84371 CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD20-negative B cell This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'plasmablast'. Plasmablasts are also reportedly CD48-positive, CD63-positive, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD319-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. plasmablast An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative. GOC:dsd GOC:msz GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMCID:PMC2673126 A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. BTO:0000574 CALOHA:TS-2017 FMA:70366 FMA:83598 haematopoietic cell haemopoietic cell hemopoietic cell hematopoietic cell A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. interdigitating cell veiled cell FMA:84191 DC1 cDC dendritic reticular cell type 1 DC Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000003)(PMID:19243617) These cells are also CD20-negative, MHCII-positive. conventional dendritic cell Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. GOC:amm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:17850486 CD71-positive common myeloid precursor OR CD7-negative lymphoid precursor OR CD7-positive lymphoid Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:1100000)(PMID:19243617). CD34-positive, CD38-positive common myeloid progenitor OR CD34-positive, CD38-positive common lymphoid progenitor A hematopoietic stem cell that has plasma membrane part Kit-positive, SCA-1-positive, CD150-positive and CD34-negative. LSK stem cell Sca1-positive hematopoietic stem cell Cell markers are associated with mouse hematopoietic stem cell. Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000043)(PMID:19243617). Kit and Sca1-positive hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell that has plasma membrane part Kit-positive, SCA-1-positive, CD150-positive and CD34-negative. GOC:add GOC:amm GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:17952047 PMID:19022770 Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:1110000)(PMID:19243617). CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor OR granulocyte monocyte progenitor A common lymphoid progenitor that is CD10-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD34-positive and CD38-positive. CD10-positive common lymphocyte precursor CD10-positive common lymphocyte progenitor CD10-positive common lymphoid precursor These markers are associated with human common lymphoid progenitors. Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000032)(PMID:19243617). CD34-positive, CD38-positive common lymphoid progenitor A common lymphoid progenitor that is CD10-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD34-positive and CD38-positive. GOC:add GOC:amm GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMCID:PMC2346585 PMID:19022770 CD133-positive hematopoietic stem cell is a hematopoietic stem cell that is CD34-positive, CD90-positive, and CD133-positive. CALOHA:TS-0448 CD133-positive hematopoietic stem cell Cell markers are associated with human hematopoietic stem cells. Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000035)(PMID:19243617). CD34-positive, CD38-negative hematopoietic stem cell CD133-positive hematopoietic stem cell is a hematopoietic stem cell that is CD34-positive, CD90-positive, and CD133-positive. GOC:add GOC:amm GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:10430905 PMID:11750107 PMID:16551251 PMID:20024907 PMID:9389721 CD133-positive hematopoietic stem cell PMID:16140871 A common myeloid progenitor that is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL3ra-low, CD10-negative, CD7-negative, CD45RA-negative, and IL-5Ralpha-negative. CD71-positive common myeloid precursor Markers are associated with human cell type. Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000038)(PMID:19243617). CD34-positive, CD38-positive common myeloid progenitor A common myeloid progenitor that is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL3ra-low, CD10-negative, CD7-negative, CD45RA-negative, and IL-5Ralpha-negative. GOC:add GOC:amm GO_REF:0000031 PMCID:PMC2626675 PMID:16551251 CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-negative and CD45RA-negative. CD7-negative lymphoid precursor These markers are associated with human cells. Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000039)(PMID:19243617). CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor cell CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-negative and CD45RA-negative. GOC:amm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16551251 CD7-positive lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-positive and is CD45RA-negative. CD7-positive lymphoid precursor These markers are associated with human cells. Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000040)(PMID:19243617). CD7-positive lymphoid progenitor cell CD7-positive lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-positive and is CD45RA-negative. GOC:amm GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16551251 PMID:19491395 A connective tissue cell found in bone. bone cell A connective tissue cell found in bone. GOC:add GO_REF:0000034 A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20. monocyte This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'monocyte'. Note that while CD14 is considered a reliable marker for human monocytes, it is only expressed on approximately 85% of mouse monocytes. CD14-positive monocyte A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20. GOC:add PMID:22343568 monocyte PMID:22343568 A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. These cells are CD34-positive, and express Gata1, Gata2, C/EBPa, and Pu.1. common myeloid precursor, CD34-positive CFU-GEMM CFU-S CMP colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte multipotential myeloid stem cell myeloid stem cell pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) CMP are reportedly CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD38-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD110-negative, CD117-positive, CD123-positive, and SCA1-negative. common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. These cells are CD34-positive, and express Gata1, Gata2, C/EBPa, and Pu.1. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0878932437 PMCID:PMC2212039 PMID:10724173 PMID:16551251 PMID:16647566 CFU-GEMM ISBN:0878932437 CFU-S ISBN:0878932437 CMP ISBN:0878932437 colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte ISBN:0878932437 multipotential myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) ISBN:0878932437 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A cell found in an organism or derived from an organism exhibiting a phenotype that deviates from the expected phenotype of any native cell type of that organism. Abnormal cells are typically found in disease states or disease models. 2017-01-30T18:53:32Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C12913 https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/448 abnormal cell A cell found in an organism or derived from an organism exhibiting a phenotype that deviates from the expected phenotype of any native cell type of that organism. Abnormal cells are typically found in disease states or disease models. GOC:add GOC:cg GOC:wdd A lymphocyte that lacks characteristic T cell, B cell, myeloid cell, and dendritic cell markers, that functions as part of the innate immune response to produce cytokines and other effector responses. 2017-01-30T20:20:48Z innate lymphoid cell A lymphocyte that lacks characteristic T cell, B cell, myeloid cell, and dendritic cell markers, that functions as part of the innate immune response to produce cytokines and other effector responses. GOC:add GOC:dsd PMID:23292121 PMID:23348417 A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0004911 BFU-E CFU-E blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid colony forming unit erythroid erythroid stem cell erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 BFU-E CFU-E An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not Th2 or Th17 cell-associated cytokines. 2017-01-30T20:42:44Z group 1 innate lymphoid cell An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not Th2 or Th17 cell-associated cytokines. GOC:add GOC:dsd PMID:23348417 An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype CD34-negative, CD117-positive, and a precusor to NK cells, ILC2 cells, and ILC3 cells. CD34-negative, CD117-positive ILC CD34-negative, CD117-positive ILCP CD34-negative, CD117-positive innate lymphoid cell precusor CD34-negative, CD117-positive innate lymphoid cell, human An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype CD34-negative, CD117-positive, and a precusor to NK cells, ILC2 cells, and ILC3 cells. GOC:add PMID:30193847 PMID:31201208 An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive.Thie cell type may include precusors to NK cells and ILC3 cells. CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive ILC CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive ILCP CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive innate lymphoid cell precursor CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive innate lymphoid cell, human An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive.Thie cell type may include precusors to NK cells and ILC3 cells. GOC:add PMID:30193847 PMID:31201208 An innate lymphoid cell precursor in the human with the phenotype CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive.Thie cell type may include precusors to NK cells and ILC3 cells. CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive CILP CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human An innate lymphoid cell precursor in the human with the phenotype CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive.Thie cell type may include precusors to NK cells and ILC3 cells. GOC:add PMID:30193847 An innate lyphoid cell with an immature phenotype. immature ILC immature innate lymphoid cell An innate lyphoid cell with an immature phenotype. GOC:add A lymphocyte of B lineage that is CD19-positive. Types of B lineage lymphocytes include B cells and antibody secreting cells (plasmablasts and plasma cells). Lymphocytes of B cell lineage can be distinguished from those of T cell lineage by their lack of CD3e (as part of the T cell receptor complex). lymphocyte of B lineage, CD19-positive A lymphocyte of B lineage that is CD19-positive. GOC:add A B cell that is CD19-positive. B lymphocyte, CD19-positive B-cell, CD19-positive B-lymphocyte, CD19-positive CD19+ B cell CD19-positive B cell B cell, CD19-positive A B cell that is CD19-positive. GOC:add An erythroid progenitor cell is Kit-positive, Ly6A-negative, CD41-negative, CD127-negative, and CD123-negative. This cell type is also described as being lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD150-negative, CD41-negative, CD105-positive, and FcgR-negative. c- Kit-positive erythroid progenitor cell Markers found on mouse cells. Kit-positive erythroid progenitor cell An erythroid progenitor cell is Kit-positive, Ly6A-negative, CD41-negative, CD127-negative, and CD123-negative. This cell type is also described as being lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD150-negative, CD41-negative, CD105-positive, and FcgR-negative. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:19805084 http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A granulocyte monocyte progenitor is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL-3receptor-alpha-positive and is CD45RA-negative. Markers are for human cells. According to different research groups, CD45RA is present or absent on this cell population. CD34-positive, CD38-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor A granulocyte monocyte progenitor is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL-3receptor-alpha-positive and is CD45RA-negative. GOC:tfm PMID:12615892 PMID:19022770 A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell is CD34-positive, CD38-positive and is IL3-receptor alpha-negative and CD45RA-negative. Markers are associated with human cell type. CD34-positive, CD38-positive megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell is CD34-positive, CD38-positive and is IL3-receptor alpha-negative and CD45RA-negative. GOC:tfm PMID:12615892 PMID:190227700 A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell that is Kit-positive and is Sca1-negative, CD34-negative, CD90-negative, IL7r-alpha-negative and Fcgr II/III-low. Markers are associated with mouse cells. Kit-positive, CD34-negative megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell that is Kit-positive and is Sca1-negative, CD34-negative, CD90-negative, IL7r-alpha-negative and Fcgr II/III-low. GOC:tfm PMID:12615892 PMID:19022770 http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A progenitor cell that can give rise to plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, and to monocytes and macrophages. MDP macrophage dendritic cell progenitor A progenitor cell that can give rise to plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, and to monocytes and macrophages. GOC:tfm PMID:19273628 A proerythoblast that is Kit-low, Lyg76-positive, and CD71-positive. Markers are associated with mouse cells. Kit-low proerythroblast A proerythoblast that is Kit-low, Lyg76-positive, and CD71-positive. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:19805084 A basophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative. Cell surface markers are associated with mouse cells. Kit-negative, Ly-76 high basophilic erythroblast A basophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:19805084 A polychromatophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative. late basophilic and polychromatophilic erythroblast Kit-negative, Ly-76 high polychromatophilic erythroblast A polychromatophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:19805084 An orthochromatophilic erythroblast that is ter119-high, CD71-low, and Kit-negative. Cell surface markers associated with mouse cells. Kit-negative, Ly-76 high orthochromatophilic erythroblasts An orthochromatophilic erythroblast that is ter119-high, CD71-low, and Kit-negative. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:19805084 A reticulocyte that is Ly76-high and is Kit-negative. Marker associated with mouse cells. Ly-76 high reticulocyte A reticulocyte that is Ly76-high and is Kit-negative. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:18539294 An enucleate erythrocyte that is Lyg-76-high. Marker is associated with mouse cell types. Ly-76 high positive erythrocyte An enucleate erythrocyte that is Lyg-76-high. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:19805084 A megakaryocyte progenitor cell that is Kit-positive, CD41-positive, CD9-positive, Sca-1-negative, IL7ralpha-negative, CD150-negative, and Fcgamma receptor II/III-low. Markers are associated with mouse cells. Kit-positive megakaryocyte progenitor cell A megakaryocyte progenitor cell that is Kit-positive, CD41-positive, CD9-positive, Sca-1-negative, IL7ralpha-negative, CD150-negative, and Fcgamma receptor II/III-low. GOC:ak GOC:tfm PMID:16951553 A megakaryocyte cell with is CD9-positive and CD41-positive. Markers are commonly associated with mouse cells. CD9-positive, CD41-positive megakaryocyte cell A megakaryocyte cell with is CD9-positive and CD41-positive. GOC:tfm A cell type that can give rise to basophil and mast cells. This cell is CD34-positive, CD117-positive, CD125-positive, FceRIa-negative, and T1/ST2-negative, and expresses Gata-1, Gata-2, C/EBPa BMCP There may be an intermediate cell type. These cells also CD13-positive, CD16-positive, CD32-positive, and integrin beta 7-positive. Transcription factors: GATA1-positive, MCP-1-positive, mitf-positive, PU.1-positive, and CEBP/a-low. basophil mast progenitor cell A cell type that can give rise to basophil and mast cells. This cell is CD34-positive, CD117-positive, CD125-positive, FceRIa-negative, and T1/ST2-negative, and expresses Gata-1, Gata-2, C/EBPa GOC:ak GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMCID:PMC1312421 A lineage-negative, Kit-positive, CD45-positive mast cell progenitor that is Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low. Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low mast cell progenitor A lineage-negative, Kit-positive, CD45-positive mast cell progenitor that is Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low. GOC:tfm PMCID:PMC1312421 A lineage negative, Sca1-negative basophil progenitor cell that is Fc epsilon RIalpha-high. Markers are associated with mouse cells. Fc-epsilon RIalpha-high basophil progenitor cell A lineage negative, Sca1-negative basophil progenitor cell that is Fc epsilon RIalpha-high. GOC:tfm PMCID:PMC1312421 A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell. For mammalian hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells known to be lineage-negative, please use the term 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell' (CL_0001060). hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A hematopoietic stem cell capable of rapid replenishment of myeloerythroid progenitors and limited self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD34-positive, CD150-positive, and is Flt3-negative. ST stem cell ST-HSC Markers are associated with mouse cells. These cells are also reportedly CD11b-low and CD90-low. short term hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell capable of rapid replenishment of myeloerythroid progenitors and limited self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD34-positive, CD150-positive, and is Flt3-negative. GOC:tfm PMID:15572596 PMID:19022770 A hematopoietic stem cell with long term self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD150-positive, CD90-low, CD34-negative and Flt3-negative. LT stem cell LT-HSC Markers are associated with mouse cells. long term hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell with long term self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD150-positive, CD90-low, CD34-negative and Flt3-negative. GOC:tfm PMID:15572596 PMID:17582345 A hematopoietic progenitor that has restricted self-renewal capability. Cell is Kit-positive, Ly6-positive, CD150-negative and Flt3-negative. Markers are associated with mouse cells. Slamf1-negative multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor that has restricted self-renewal capability. Cell is Kit-positive, Ly6-positive, CD150-negative and Flt3-negative. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A hematopoietic progenitor that has some limited self-renewal capability. Cells are lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD34-positive, and Slamf1-positive. KSL cell Markers are associated with mouse cells. Slamf1-positive multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor that has some limited self-renewal capability. Cells are lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD34-positive, and Slamf1-positive. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD38-negative, CD45RA-negative, and CD90-negative. Cell markers are associated with human hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cells. CD34-positive, CD38-negative multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD38-negative, CD45RA-negative, and CD90-negative. GOC:tfm PMID:18371405 PMID:19022770 A basophil mast progenitor cell that is Beta-7 integrin-high, Kit-positive FcRgammaII/III-positive and Sca1-negative. Markers are associated with mouse cells. Kit-positive, integrin beta7-high basophil mast progenitor cell A basophil mast progenitor cell that is Beta-7 integrin-high, Kit-positive FcRgammaII/III-positive and Sca1-negative. GOC:ak GOC:tfm A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-positive. CD8alpha-alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell DC.8+.Th CD8alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-positive. GOC:tfm PMID:19273629 http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-0737 FMA:63032 acinar cell of pancreas pancreatic acinar cell A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 PMID:20395539 http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=pancreatic%20acinar%20cells An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. FMA:62939 type A enteroendocrine cell An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. BTO:0001032 FMA:14146 Purkinje cell fiber Purkinje muscle cell myocytus conducens cardiacus Purkinje myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. FMA:0412046911 GOC:tfm PMID:19939742 A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. pacemaker cell BTO:0004190 FMA:67101 P cell cardiac pacemaker cell myocytus nodalis nodal myocyte A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. FMA:67101 GOC:tfm cardiac pacemaker cell GOC:pr Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. FMA:67142 transitional myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. FMA:67142 GOC:tfm The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). FMA:67111 myocardial endocrine cell The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). FMA:67111 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. FMA:69075 endo-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. FMA:69075 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. FMA:69074 ecto-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. FMA:69074 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. FMA:69076 epithelial mesenchymal cell meso-epithelial cell Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. FMA:69076 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. FMA:63099 pancreatic ductal cell Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. FMA:63099 GOC:tfm PMID:14740223 A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. FMA:62455 centroacinar cell of Langerhans pancreatic centroacinar cell pancreatic centro-acinar cell A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. GOC:tfm PMID:12142741 PMID:20018761 PMID:8185160 A chromaffin cell of the adrenal medulla that produces epinephrine. FMA:69322 adremergic chromaffin cell adrenal secreting cell of the adrenal medulla epiniphrine secreting cell of the adrenal medulla type II cell of adrenal medulla A chromaffin cell of the adrenal medulla that produces epinephrine. GOC:tfm A chromaffin cell of the adrenal medulla that produces norepinephrine. FMA:69321 noradrenergic chromaffin cell type I cell of adrenal medulla A chromaffin cell of the adrenal medulla that produces norepinephrine. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. FMA:67968 specialized cardiac myocyte A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. FMA:67968 GOC:tfm A leukocyte that lacks granules. FMA:62855 agranular leukocyte nongranular leukocyte A leukocyte that lacks granules. GOC:tfm A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. BTO:0004850 FMA:83621 MESH:D001854 MH consider whether bone marrow cells are bone cells in the structural sense vs. being part of bone organ sense. bone marrow cell A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. FMA:18710 hilar cell of ovary hilus cell of ovary A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A cell of the adrenal cortex. Cell types include those that synthesize and secrete chemical derivatives (steroids) of cholesterol. FMA:69545 adrenal cortex cell adrenocortical cell cortical cell of adrenal gland A cell of the adrenal cortex. Cell types include those that synthesize and secrete chemical derivatives (steroids) of cholesterol. GOC:tfm A T cell with a receptor of limited diversity that is capable of immediate effector functions upon stimulation. innate effector T cell A T cell with a receptor of limited diversity that is capable of immediate effector functions upon stimulation. GOC:tfm PMID:20581831 A stomal cell of the ovary FMA:72299 ovarian stromal cell stromal cell of ovary A stomal cell of the ovary GOC:tfm ovarian stromal cell GOC:cjm A stromal cell of the ovarian medulla. FMA:256171 stromal cell of ovarian medulla A stromal cell of the ovarian medulla. GOC:tfm A endothelial cell of a lymphatic vessel. The border of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell of initial lymphatics are joined by specialized buttons. The discontinuous feature of buttons distinguishes them from zippers in collecting lymphatics, but both types of junctions are composed of proteins typical of adherens junctions and tight junctions found in the endothelium of blood vessels. Buttons seal the sides of flaps of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell, leaving open the tips of flaps as routes for fluid entry without disassembly and reformation of intercellular junctions. BTO:0004167 FMA:68458 LEC lymphatic endothelial cell endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel A endothelial cell of a lymphatic vessel. The border of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell of initial lymphatics are joined by specialized buttons. The discontinuous feature of buttons distinguishes them from zippers in collecting lymphatics, but both types of junctions are composed of proteins typical of adherens junctions and tight junctions found in the endothelium of blood vessels. Buttons seal the sides of flaps of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell, leaving open the tips of flaps as routes for fluid entry without disassembly and reformation of intercellular junctions. GOC:tfm PMID:17846148 An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. BTO:0001854 CALOHA:TS-1106 FMA:67755 vascular endothelial cell cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive. endothelial cell of vascular tree An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 A sebum secreting cell of the skin that secretes sebum into the hair follicles. sebocyte BTO:0004613 FMA:70953 acinar cell of sebaceous gland A sebum secreting cell of the skin that secretes sebum into the hair follicles. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell found in capillaries. BTO:0004956 CALOHA:TS-0112 FMA:67756 capillary endothelial cell An endothelial cell found in capillaries. GOC:tfm A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree. FMA:70542 ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A cell found within the dental pulp. CALOHA:TS-0195 FMA:87170 dental pulp cell A cell found within the dental pulp. GOC:tfm PMID:36267574 An epithelial cell of the uterus. FMA:256161 epithelial cell of uterus An epithelial cell of the uterus. GOC:tfm A crenated erythrocyte with 30+ crenations, bumps or spurs that are the result of damage due to age or disease. FMA:81099 burr cell echinocyte A crenated erythrocyte with 30+ crenations, bumps or spurs that are the result of damage due to age or disease. GOC:tfm Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. FMA:70556 general ecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that remains from the disintegration of the epithelial root sheath involved in the development of teeth. FMA:62987 epithelial cell rests of Malassez epithelial debris of Malassez epithelial cell of Malassez An epithelial cell that remains from the disintegration of the epithelial root sheath involved in the development of teeth. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0815129521 A specialized cell involved in sensory perception of smell. FMA:67870 olfactory epithelial cell A specialized cell involved in sensory perception of smell. GOC:tfm PMID:7143026 A supporting cell of the anterior pituitary gland involved in trophic and catabolic processes; expresses a broad spectrum of cytokeratins indicative of their epithelial nature. FMA:83102 folliculostellate cell of pars anterior of adenohypophysis folliculostellate cell of pars distalis of adenohypophysis A supporting cell of the anterior pituitary gland involved in trophic and catabolic processes; expresses a broad spectrum of cytokeratins indicative of their epithelial nature. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. FMA:62948 epithelial cell of stomach An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. GOC:tfm A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. FMA:63464 mucous cell of stomach A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. GOC:tfm A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. FMA:62953 stem cell of gastric gland A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 An endothelial cell found in the glomerulus of the kidney. This cell is flattened, highly fenestrated, and plays a vital role in the formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate. BTO:0004632 FMA:70970 glomerular endothelial cell An endothelial cell found in the glomerulus of the kidney. This cell is flattened, highly fenestrated, and plays a vital role in the formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate. GOC:tfm PMID:15840009 A cell involved in the formation of a granulocyte. FMA:83519 granulocytopoietic cell A cell involved in the formation of a granulocyte. GOC:tfm A cell involved in the formation of a monocyte (monopoiesis). FMA:83552 monopoietic cell A cell involved in the formation of a monocyte (monopoiesis). GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). FMA:86577 HpSC hepatic stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). GOC:tfm PMID:26798363 HpSC PMID:18442648 A large epithelial cell with an extremely acidophilic and granular cytoplasm, containing vast numbers of mitochondria; such cells may undergo neoplastic transformation. From the Greek word onkos meaning swelling, this cell type is found in parathyroid, salivary and thyroid glands. FMA:67606 MESH:D024862 oxyphil oncocyte A large epithelial cell with an extremely acidophilic and granular cytoplasm, containing vast numbers of mitochondria; such cells may undergo neoplastic transformation. From the Greek word onkos meaning swelling, this cell type is found in parathyroid, salivary and thyroid glands. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 PMID:20013317 An oncocyte located in the parathyroid gland. FMA:69084 oxyphil cell of parathyroid gland An oncocyte located in the parathyroid gland. PMID:20013317 An oncocyte located in the thyroid. FMA:87169 Askanazy cells Hurthle cells oxyphil cell of thyroid An oncocyte located in the thyroid. GOC:tfm PMID:20013317 An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree. FMA:66816 epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells. FMA:69060 undifferentiated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree intermediate epitheliocyte An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A cell located between the pinealocytes. FMA:86575 interstitial cell of pineal gland A cell located between the pinealocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. FMA:70950 vertebrate lens cell A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. FMA:67559 lens epithelial cell A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium An epithelial cell of the prostate. FMA:256163 FMA:66817 prostate epithelial cell epithelial cell of prostate An epithelial cell of the prostate. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of prostatic duct. FMA:74224 ductal epithelial cell of prostate epithelial cell of prostatic duct An epithelial cell of prostatic duct. GOC:tfm ductal epithelial cell of prostate FMA:74224 A cell that constitutes the basal layer of epithelium in the prostatic duct. FMA:74226 basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct A cell that constitutes the basal layer of epithelium in the prostatic duct. GOC:tfm PMID:15226377 A fibroblast in the bone marrow. FMA:84377 marrow fibroblast A fibroblast in the bone marrow. GOC:tfm A fibroblasts found in interstitial spaces in the pulmonary tract. Greater numbers of these cells are found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FMA:84467 pulmonary myofibroblast pulmonary septal cell pulmonary interstitial fibroblast A fibroblasts found in interstitial spaces in the pulmonary tract. Greater numbers of these cells are found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. GOC:tfm A cell containing at least one nucleus. FMA:67513 nucleate cell A cell containing at least one nucleus. GOC:tfm A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. FMA:70611 smooth muscle fiber of sphincter of pupil smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 ISBN:0721694128 A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). BTO:0002669 FMA:86711 MESH:D000072916 PBSC peripheral blood stem cell A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. epithelial cell of alimentary canal An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An epithelial cell of the esophagus. FMA:63071 epithelial cell of esophagus An epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the large intestine. BTO:0004297 FMA:256157 epithelial cell of colon epithelial cell of large intestine An epithelial cell of the large intestine. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the small intestine. FMA:256159 epithelial cell of small intestine An epithelial cell of the small intestine. GOC:tfm A stromal cell of the endometrium that is fibroblastic in appearance. During decidualization this cell may differentiate into a decidual stromal cell. CALOHA:TS-1266 FMA:86490 endometrial stromal cell endometrial stromal fibroblast stromal cell of endometrium A stromal cell of the endometrium that is fibroblastic in appearance. During decidualization this cell may differentiate into a decidual stromal cell. PMID:11331626 PMID:30013421 PMID:30309298 Wiki:Decidualization&oldid=908981933#Endometrial_stromal_cells_(ESCs) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1040-z endometrial stromal fibroblast PMID:30309298 An epithelial cell of thyroid gland. FMA:256167 MESH:D000072637 epithelial cell of thyroid gland An epithelial cell of thyroid gland. GOC:tfm A cell type that varies from squamous to columnar, depending on their activity with microvillus directed luminally. This cell produces and secretes thyroid hormones. BTO:0003736 CALOHA:TS-1285 FMA:68782 follicular cell of thyroid gland principal cell of thyroid gland thyroid gland follicular cell thyroid follicular cell A cell type that varies from squamous to columnar, depending on their activity with microvillus directed luminally. This cell produces and secretes thyroid hormones. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 An epithelial cell of the parathyroid gland. FMA:70547 epithelial cell of parathyroid gland An epithelial cell of the parathyroid gland. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. FMA:63134 endothelial cell of sinusoid An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. FMA:83411 type A cell of stomach A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A D cell located in the colon. FMA:268744 colon D-cell colonic delta cell delta cell of colon type D cell of colon A D cell located in the colon. GOC:tfm A type D cell of the small intestine. FMA:268736 delta cell of small intestine small intestine D-cell small intestine delta cell type D cell of small intestine A type D cell of the small intestine. GOC:tfm A type D cell found in the stomach. FMA:83410 delta cell of stomach stomach D-cell stomach delta cell type D cell of stomach A type D cell found in the stomach. GOC:tfm A cell type that secretes histamine. histamine secreting cell A cell type that secretes histamine. GOC:tfm A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. BTO:0000805 FMA:70588 MESH:D050418 PP cell of pancreatic islet PP-cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cell The term PP cell of pancreatic acinus was obsoleted due to a lack of evidence, making PP cell of pancreatic islets synonymous with pancreatic PP cell. pancreatic PP cell A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the thymus. Epithelial reticular cells are pleomorphic, stellate, non-phagocytic cells which seem to be supportive in function and are held together by desmosomes. They replace the fibroblastoid reticular cells found in other lymphoid organs. Other epithelial cells in the medulla have the ultrastructure of secretory cells. Although different epithelial cells throughout the thymus appear alike by light microscopy their ultrastructure and function varies. CALOHA:TS-1040 FMA:72208 epithelial cell of thymus gland epithelial reticular cell epithelial reticular cell of thymus thymic epithelial cell epithelial cell of thymus An epithelial cell of the thymus. Epithelial reticular cells are pleomorphic, stellate, non-phagocytic cells which seem to be supportive in function and are held together by desmosomes. They replace the fibroblastoid reticular cells found in other lymphoid organs. Other epithelial cells in the medulla have the ultrastructure of secretory cells. Although different epithelial cells throughout the thymus appear alike by light microscopy their ultrastructure and function varies. FMA:72208 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell with a well defined Golgi apparatus that makes up the continuous layer of cells bordering the thymic tissue beneath the capsule. FMA:72209 subcapsular thymic epithelial cell type-1 epithelial cell of thymus An epithelial cell with a well defined Golgi apparatus that makes up the continuous layer of cells bordering the thymic tissue beneath the capsule. GOC:tfm PMID:9264335 subcapsular thymic epithelial cell PMID:18194204 PMID:2694455 A resident stromal cell located in the synovial membrane and responsible for the production of immune-related cytokines and chemokines. This cell type secretes glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid, has abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum, but contains fewer vacuoles and vesicles. BTO:0003652 FMA:66788 fibroblast-like synoviocyte synovial fibroblast Type B synovial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and are essential for the maintenance of normal joint functions. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from different joints have different properties, which may contribute to the characteristic pattern of joint involvement in different types of arthritis. type B synovial cell A resident stromal cell located in the synovial membrane and responsible for the production of immune-related cytokines and chemokines. This cell type secretes glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid, has abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum, but contains fewer vacuoles and vesicles. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 PMID:34433485 PMID:34772990 synovial fibroblast PMID:23147896 Type B synovial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and are essential for the maintenance of normal joint functions. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from different joints have different properties, which may contribute to the characteristic pattern of joint involvement in different types of arthritis. PMID:34433485 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast-like_synoviocyte An epithelial cell of a skin gland. FMA:70657 epithelial cell of gland of skin epithelial cell of skin gland An epithelial cell of a skin gland. GOC:tfm An acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. FMA:83095 MESH:D052683 somatotrope somatotropic cell somatrophic cell somatotroph An acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. SANBI:mhl An ecto-epithelial cell of the prostate gland that secretes hormones. CALOHA:TS-1280 FMA:74390 FMA:86774 glandular cell of prostate neuro-epithelial cell of prostate gland endocrine-paracrine cell of prostate gland An ecto-epithelial cell of the prostate gland that secretes hormones. GOC:tfm A cell that is part of the nervous system. CALOHA:TS-2040 FMA:70333 neural cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. CALOHA:TS-2096 FMA:63875 MESH:D003239 connective tissue cell A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the embryo. CALOHA:TS-0263 FMA:82840 WBbt:0007028 embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell of the embryo. FMA:0618947256 A cell of a fetus which is suspended in the amniotic fluid. Amniocytes are considered to arise from several tissues including fetal skin, the fetal urinary tract, umbilical cord, and the inner amniotic surface. BTO:0000066 amniocyte A cell of a fetus which is suspended in the amniotic fluid. Amniocytes are considered to arise from several tissues including fetal skin, the fetal urinary tract, umbilical cord, and the inner amniotic surface. BFO:0000066 GOC:tfm PMID:3211847 An epithelial cell of the mammary gland. BTO:0004300 breast epithelial cell mammary epithelial cell mammary gland epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the mammary gland. GOC:tfm PMID:19022771 An epithelial cell of the bronchus. BTO:0002922 bronchial epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the bronchus. GOC:tfm A ciliated cell of the bronchus. ciliated cell of the bronchus A ciliated cell of the bronchus. GOC:tfm PMID:18757316 An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. neural crest derived adipocyte An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17507398 A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature, has the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive, CD122-positive,and CD161-positive. p-NK Human markers; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 is used as a representative example (PRO at this time lacks a KIR superfamily). CD56-positive, CD161-positive immature natural killer cell, human A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature, has the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive, CD122-positive,and CD161-positive. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0781735149 PMID:12457618 p-NK PMID:12457618 A prostate epithelial cell that is CD133-positive, CD44-positive, integrin A2beta3-high. This cell is a stem cell for the prostate epithelium. CD133-positive prostate epithelial cell prostate stem cell A prostate epithelial cell that is CD133-positive, CD44-positive, integrin A2beta3-high. This cell is a stem cell for the prostate epithelium. GOC:tfm PMID:15226377 An undifferentiated cell of the prostate epithelium that lacks secretory activity. basal cell of prostate epithelium An undifferentiated cell of the prostate epithelium that lacks secretory activity. GOC:tfm PMCID:PMC2673349 A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature, has the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-negative, CD117-positive, CD122-positive,and CD161-positive. p-NK Human markers; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 is used as a representative example (PRO at this time lacks a KIR superfamily). CD56-negative, CD161-positive immature natural killer cell, human A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature, has the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-negative, CD117-positive, CD122-positive,and CD161-positive. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 ISBN:0781735149 PMID:12457618 p-NK PMID:12457618 An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. FMA:75621 endocardial endothelial cell endothelial cell of endocardium endocardial cell An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. GOC:tfm ISSN:0452-3458 endothelial cell of endocardium FMA:75621 A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. pancreatic endocrine progenitor pancreatic islet progenitor cell progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. GOC:tfm PMID:20025937 PMID:20217494 PMID:22728667 A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. gestational hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-60327-246-6 A hematopoietic stem cell of the placenta. This cell type is first observed E10.5 This cell type may give rise to fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells. placental hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell of the placenta. This cell type is first observed E10.5 This cell type may give rise to fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-1-60327-346-6 A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. corneal fibroblast corneal keratocyte keratocyte A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. GOC:tfm ISBN:9780702029585 An epithelial cell of the cortical portion of the thymus. Epithelial cells in this region are required for positive selection of CD8-positive T cells. BTO:0004562 cTEC cortical thymic epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the cortical portion of the thymus. Epithelial cells in this region are required for positive selection of CD8-positive T cells. GOC:tfm PMID:18403190 An epithelial cell of the medullary thymus. This cell type expresses a diverse range of tissue-specific antigens. This promiscuous gene expression is a cell-autonomous property of medullary epithelial cells and is maintained during the entire period of thymic T cell output. BTO:0004563 mTEC medullary thymic epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the medullary thymus. This cell type expresses a diverse range of tissue-specific antigens. This promiscuous gene expression is a cell-autonomous property of medullary epithelial cells and is maintained during the entire period of thymic T cell output. GOC:tfm PMID:18180458 A cell that lines the trabecular meshwork, which is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). This cell may play a role in regulating intraocular pressure. trabeculocyte trabecular meshwork cell A cell that lines the trabecular meshwork, which is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). This cell may play a role in regulating intraocular pressure. GOC:tfm PMID:14500801 An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. BTO:0004533 airway epithelial cell respiratory epithelial cell An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. GOC:tfm A simple columnar epithelial cell that secretes mucin. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the nucleus, and other organelles are concentrated in the basal portion. The apical plasma membrane projects microvilli to increase surface area for secretion. respiratory mucosa goblet cells respiratory goblet cell A simple columnar epithelial cell that secretes mucin. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the nucleus, and other organelles are concentrated in the basal portion. The apical plasma membrane projects microvilli to increase surface area for secretion. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 respiratory mucosa goblet cells MP:0010863 A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. myotubule single cell sarcomere myotube A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. GOC:dos GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22274696 A T cell that expresses a T cell receptor complex and has completed T cell selection. CD3e-positive T cell mature T-cell CD3epsilon T cell mature T cell A T cell that expresses a T cell receptor complex and has completed T cell selection. GOC:tfm A T cell that has not completed T cell selection. BTO:0001372 CALOHA:TS-1042 immature T-cell immature T cell A T cell that has not completed T cell selection. GOC:tfm A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. nucleated reticulocyte A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. GOC:tfm PMID:18182572 PMID:9011180 PMID:9046052 A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. CALOHA:TS-0864 FMA:66785 enucleated reticulocyte A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0-12203-052-4 ISBN:0721601464 A pro-T cell that is lin-negative, CD25-negative, CD127-negative, CD44-positive and kit-positive. ETP preT.ETP.Th ETPs are reportedly CD1a-negative, CD4-negative, CD7-positive, CD8a-negative, CD8b-negative, CD33-low, CD34-high, CD38-low, CD45RA-positive, and CD45RO-negative. early T lineage precursor A pro-T cell that is lin-negative, CD25-negative, CD127-negative, CD44-positive and kit-positive. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:16551251 http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html Cd4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative, CD11b-positive dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative and is CD205-positive. DC.8-4-11b+ spleen double-negative dendritic cell Cd4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative, CD11b-positive dendritic cell Cd4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative, CD11b-positive dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD4-negative, CD8_alpha-negative and is CD205-positive. GOC:tfm http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A Langerhans cell that is in the epidermis and is CD45-positive, MHCII-positive, and CD11b-positive. epidermal Langerhans cell A Langerhans cell that is in the epidermis and is CD45-positive, MHCII-positive, and CD11b-positive. GOC:tfm http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-negative. DC.8-.Th CD8alpha-negative thymic conventional dendritic cell A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-negative. GOC:tfm PMID:19273629 http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A conventional dendritic cell that expresses CD11b (ITGAM). CD11b-positive dendritic cell A conventional dendritic cell that expresses CD11b (ITGAM). GOC:tfm http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A myeloid suppressor cell that is Gr1-high and CD11c-negative. MDS.Gr1hi Gr1-high myeloid suppressor cell A myeloid suppressor cell that is Gr1-high and CD11c-negative. GOC:tfm http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A myeloid suppressor cell that is Gr1-low and CD11c-positive. MDS.Gr1lo Gr1-low myeloid suppressor cell A myeloid suppressor cell that is Gr1-low and CD11c-positive. GOC:tfm http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html A goblet cell located in the nasal epithelium. MP:0002262 nasal mucosa goblet cell A goblet cell located in the nasal epithelium. GOC:cjm GOC:tfm A specialized cell involved in auditory sensory perception. auditory epithelial cell A specialized cell involved in auditory sensory perception. GOC:tfm A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:83808 FMA:84791 heart cell From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart. cardiocyte A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. GOC:tfm A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc BTO:0002441 FMA:84639 adventitial cell A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. intestinal smooth muscle cell enteric smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. GOC:tfm A dermal dendritic cell isolated from skin draining lymph nodes that is langerin-positive, MHC-II-positive, and CD4-negative and CD8a-negative. langerin-positive lymph node dendritic cell A dermal dendritic cell isolated from skin draining lymph nodes that is langerin-positive, MHC-II-positive, and CD4-negative and CD8a-negative. GOC:tfm http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html An epithelial cell of the kidney. KUPO:0001019 kidney epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the kidney. GOC:tfm KUPO:SJ An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. subcutaneous fat cell subcutaneous adipocyte An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the cervix. cervical canal epithelial cell cervical canal of uterus epithelial cell cervix epithelial cell cervix of uterus epithelial cell epithelial cell of cervical canal epithelial cell of cervical canal of uterus epithelial cell of cervix of uterus epithelial cell of neck of uterus epithelial cell of uterine cervix neck of uterus epithelial cell uterine cervix epithelial cell epithelial cell of cervix An epithelial cell of the cervix. GOC:tfm cervical canal epithelial cell GOC:tfm cervical canal of uterus epithelial cell GOC:tfm cervix epithelial cell GOC:tfm cervix of uterus epithelial cell GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cervical canal GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cervical canal of uterus GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cervix of uterus GOC:tfm epithelial cell of neck of uterus GOC:tfm epithelial cell of uterine cervix GOC:tfm neck of uterus epithelial cell GOC:tfm uterine cervix epithelial cell GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the amnion. amniotic epithelial cell epithelial cell of amnion An epithelial cell that is part of the amnion. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the amnion membrane. amniotic membrane stem cell amnion mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of the amnion membrane. GOC:tfm PMID:20446274 PMID:21339039 An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. small bile duct cholangiocyte intrahepatic cholangiocyte An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. GOC:tfm PMID:23720296 small bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. BTO:0004577 aortic smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the chorionic membrane. chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of the chorionic membrane. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. FMA:62104 KUPO:0001099 endothelial cell of vein venous endothelial cell vein endothelial cell An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. GOC:tfm An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. See CL:0002619. embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. fibroblast of the aortic adventitia A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the heart. cardiac fibroblast fibroblast of cardiac tissue A fibroblast that is part of the heart. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the choroid plexus. fibroblast of choroid plexus A fibroblast that is part of the choroid plexus. GOC:tfm Any skin fibroblast that is part of some dermis. fibroblast of dermis Any skin fibroblast that is part of some dermis. FBC:Autogenerated Any fibroblast that is part of some gingiva. fibroblast of gingiva Any fibroblast that is part of some gingiva. FBC:Autogenerated A fibroblast that is part of lung. BTO:0000764 CALOHA:TS-0575 fibroblast of lung A fibroblast that is part of lung. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of the lymphatic system. fibroblast of lymphatic vessel A fibroblast of the lymphatic system. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the mammary gland. fibroblast of mammary gland A fibroblast that is part of the mammary gland. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of the periodontium. fibroblast of periodontium A fibroblast of the periodontium. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. fibroblast of pulmonary artery A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm An animal cell that is part of a hair follicle. hair follicle cell An animal cell that is part of a hair follicle. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the intestine. intestinal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the intestine. GOC:tfm A connective tissue cell of the nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc. nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc A connective tissue cell of the nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the umbilical cord. mesenchymal stem cell of umbilical cord A mesenchymal stem cell of the umbilical cord. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. mesenchymal stem cell of adipose mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. hepatic mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. vertebral mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. GOC:tfm A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system. BTO:0001220 CALOHA:TS-0898 MESH:D012583 A myelinating Schwann cell wraps around a single axon. Myelination occurs in larger diameter axons, while a process called ensheathment occurs on smaller diameter axons in which a single cell wraps around multiple small, unmyelinated axons separating them with a thin layer of cytoplasm. The structure formed is called a Remak bundle. Schwann cell A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system. GOC:tfm PMID:16807057 A myelinating Schwann cell wraps around a single axon. Myelination occurs in larger diameter axons, while a process called ensheathment occurs on smaller diameter axons in which a single cell wraps around multiple small, unmyelinated axons separating them with a thin layer of cytoplasm. The structure formed is called a Remak bundle. PMID:16807057 A stromal cell of the pancreas. stromal cell of pancreas A stromal cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the placenta. placental epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the placenta. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex. KUPO:0001016 renal cortical epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. retinal blood vessel endothelial cell A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. GOC:tfm A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. BTO:0003336 smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery. smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery A smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle of the internal thoracic artery. smooth muscle cell of the internal thoracic artery A smooth muscle of the internal thoracic artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. GOC:tfm Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. KUPO:0001122 smooth muscle cell of bladder A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. GC:tfm Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some bronchus. BTO:0004402 bronchial smooth muscle cell Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some bronchus. FBC:Autogenerated A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. smooth muscle cell of the esophagus A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. smooth muscle cell of trachea A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the uterus. uterine smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the uterus. GOC:tfm Any connective tissue cell that is part of some annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis. anulus pulposus cell annulus pulposus cell Any connective tissue cell that is part of some annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis. FBC:Autogenerated A neuron of the raphe nuclei. raphe nuclei neuron A neuron of the raphe nuclei. GOC:tfm An adipocyte that is part of the breast. CALOHA:TS-2377 breast adipocyte fat cell of breast Adipocytes found in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of breast. The breast consists of three main components, the skin, the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the functional glandular tissue that comprises both parenchyma and stroma.[CALOHA] adipocyte of breast An adipocyte that is part of the breast. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of skin. BTO:0001255 CALOHA:TS-0935 skin fibroblast A fibroblast of skin. GOC:tfm Any epithelial cell that is part of some gingival epithelium. gingival epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of some gingival epithelium. FBC:Autogenerated A stromal cell of the prostate. BTO:0003972 prostate stromal cell A stromal cell of the prostate. GOC:tfm An acinar cell of salivary gland. acinar cell of salivary gland An acinar cell of salivary gland. GOC:tfm A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. seminiferous tubule epithelial cell A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. GOC:tfm Any respiratory epithelial cell that is part of some upper respiratory tract. epithelial cell of upper respiratory tract Any respiratory epithelial cell that is part of some upper respiratory tract. FBC:Autogenerated Any respiratory epithelial cell that is part of some lower respiratory tract. epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract Any respiratory epithelial cell that is part of some lower respiratory tract. FBC:Autogenerated A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. FMA:86489 glandular cell of endometrium A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. FMA:86548 glandular cell of esophagus A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. FMA:87194 glandular cell of the large intestine A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. CALOHA:TS-1284 FMA:86554 glandular cell of stomach A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. FMA:83389 myocardial endocrine cell of atrium A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. GOC:tfm A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. retinal progenitor cell A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. GOC:tfm PMID:20959166 PMID:21148186 A skeletal muscle cell that is part of the tongue. tongue muscle cell A skeletal muscle cell that is part of the tongue. GOC:tfm PMID:18816858 A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. neural crest derived neuroblast A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17407019 A PP cell found in intestine. PP cell of intestine A PP cell found in intestine. GOC:tfm PMID:2420136 PMID:728970 A cell that is part of a cortex of kidney. kidney cortical cell A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. Is_a interneuron, part_of UBERON:0002240. spinal cord interneuron A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. CL:CVS A cuboidal epithelial cell of the kidney which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The activity of sodium and potassium channels on the apical membrane of the cell is regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin. In mammals this cell type is located in the renal collecting duct system. renal principal cell A cuboidal epithelial cell of the kidney which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The activity of sodium and potassium channels on the apical membrane of the cell is regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin. In mammals this cell type is located in the renal collecting duct system. CL:CVS A ciliated epithelial cell with many cilia. multi-ciliated cell multiciliated cell multiciliated epithelial cell MCC multi-ciliated epithelial cell A ciliated epithelial cell with many cilia. CL:CVS MCC Lymphatic progenitor cells. Usually express Prox1, or prox1b. lymphangioblast Lymphatic progenitor cells. CL:CVS Lymphatic progenitor cells, derived from the veins, that give rise to lymphatic endothelial cells. parachordal lymphangioblast vascular lymphangioblast Lymphatic progenitor cells, derived from the veins, that give rise to lymphatic endothelial cells. CL:CVS A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. somatic motor neuron somatomotor neuron A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. ZFIN:CVS Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. hepatoblast Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. GOC:CVS PMID:18356246 PMID:20483998 PMID:26798363 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-6740 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins. unsure of neural crest contribution. In VSAO we have develops_from CL:0000008 preameloblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins. GO_REF:0000034 PMCID:PMC2737325 Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). scleroblast Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. (http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts) skeletogenic cell Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). GO_REF:0000034 scleroblast GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. precementoblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. preodontoblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. GO_REF:0000034 Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. premigratory neural crest cell Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. UBERONREF:0000002 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. prechondroblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. GO_REF:0000034 Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. non-striated muscle cell Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. GOC:DOS Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. hematopoietic precursor cell Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. GOC:dos A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. MESH:D018485 skeletal muscle fiber A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. visceral muscle cell A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. GOC:dos A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. GOC:dos A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. transversely striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. GOC:dos A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. myogenic precursor cell The vast majority of these cells develop from skeletal muscle satellite cells, although there are some reports of other origins. adult skeletal muscle myoblast A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. PMID:23303905 myogenic precursor cell PMID:23303905 A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. mesenchyme cell mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. endocardial cushion cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. PMID:18816864 An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. pancreatic endocrine cell An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. GOC:dos Any neuron that is capable of part of some visual perception. visual system neuron Any neuron that is capable of part of some visual perception. FBC:Autogenerated An interneuron that has its soma located in the cerebral cortex. cerebral cortex interneuron cortical interneuron Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. mural cell Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. Wiki:Mural_cell&oldid=930603194 Any vascular associated smooth muscle cell that is part of some microcirculatory vessel. microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell Any vascular associated smooth muscle cell that is part of some microcirculatory vessel. FBC:Autogenerated A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. spinal sensory neuron sensory neuron of spinal nerve A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. GOC:nv GOC:pr Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. PMID:10702418 retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. GOC:pr An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. small intestine enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of small intestine An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. lamina propria lymphocyte of large intestine This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. lymphocyte of large intestine lamina propria A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A kidney cortical cell that is part of the nephrogenic zone. cortical nephrogenic niche cell cortical nephrogenic zone cell nephrogenic zone cell A kidney cortical cell that is part of the nephrogenic zone. PMID:29449449 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-0115 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of large intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. mesothelial cell of small intestine A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. mesothelial cell of large intestine mesothelial cell of colon A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. appendix mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of appendix vermiformis mesothelial cell of vermiform appendix mesothelial cell of appendix A mesothelial cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An intestinal enteroendocrine cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. appendix enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of appendix vermiformis enteroendocrine cell of vermiform appendix enteroendocrine cell of appendix An intestinal enteroendocrine cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A T cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. T cell of appendix vermiformis T cell of vermiform appendix appendix T cell This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. T cell of appendix A T cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A B cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. B cell of appendix vermiformis B cell of vermiform appendix appendix B cell This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. B cell of appendix A B cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A plasma cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. appendix plasma cell plasma cell of appendix vermiformis plasma cell of vermiform appendix This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. plasma cell of appendix A plasma cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A dendritic cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. appendix dendritic cell dendritic cell of appendix vermiformis dendritic cell of vermiform appendix This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. dendritic cell of appendix A dendritic cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the vermiform appendix. stromal cell of appendix lamina propria stromal cell of lamina propria of appendix vermiformis stromal cell of lamina propria of vermiform appendix A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A macrophage located in the vermiform appendix. macrophage of appendix macrophage of appendix vermiformis macrophage of vermiform appendix This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. appendix macrophage A macrophage located in the vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A macrophage that is located in the colon. macrophage of colon This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. colon macrophage A macrophage that is located in the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A goblet cell that is located in the colon. goblet cell of colon colon goblet cell A goblet cell that is located in the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. stromal cell of colon lamina propria stromal cell of lamina propria of colon A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. colon enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of colon An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are the effector compartments of the gut mucosal immune system. Lymphocytes circulate through gut associated lymphoid tissues until recruitment by intestinal antigens. They are involved in the gut immune response. gastrointestinal tract small intestine (lamina propria) leukocyte small intestine lamina propria leukocyte small intestine lamina propria leukocyte (LPL) gastrointestinal tract (lamina propria) lymphocyte of small intestine lamina propria lymphocyte of small intestine small intestine lamina propria lymphocyte This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. lymphocyte of small intestine lamina propria A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are the effector compartments of the gut mucosal immune system. Lymphocytes circulate through gut associated lymphoid tissues until recruitment by intestinal antigens. They are involved in the gut immune response. PMID:26551552 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A B cell found in the lymph node medullary sinus. This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. B cell of medullary sinus of lymph node A B cell found in the lymph node medullary sinus. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A T cell found in the lymph node medullary sinus. This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. T cell of medullary sinus of lymph node A T cell found in the lymph node medullary sinus. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A macrophage found in the medullary sinus of the lymph node. medullary sinus macrophage lymph node medullary sinus macrophage This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. macrophage of medullary sinus of lymph node A macrophage found in the medullary sinus of the lymph node. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A macrophage that is located in the anorectum. macrophage of anorectum This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. anorectum macrophage A macrophage that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A B cell that is located in the anorectum. This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. B cell of anorectum A B cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A T cell that is located in the anorectum. This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. T cell of anorectum A T cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum smooth muscle cell smooth muscle cell of anorectum A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. stromal cell of anorectum lamina propria A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A goblet cell that is located in the anorectum. goblet cell of anorectum anorectum goblet cell A goblet cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A plasma cell that is located in the medullary sinus of the lymph node. medullary plasma cell medullary sinus plasma cell plasma cell of medullary sinus This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. plasma cell of medullary sinus of lymph node A plasma cell that is located in the medullary sinus of the lymph node. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of anorectum An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An epithelial cell that is part of an endometrial gland. 2021-11-30T16:13:30Z EFO:0010710 endometrial glandular epithelial cell epithelial cell of endometrial gland An epithelial cell that is part of an endometrial gland. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a respiratory system lymphatic vessel. 2021-12-03T14:00:44Z EFO:0010667 endothelial cell of respiratory system lymphatic vessel An endothelial cell that is part of a respiratory system lymphatic vessel. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. 2021-12-13T13:53:01Z EFO:0010708 placental endothelial cell endothelial cell of placenta An endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta. 2021-12-13T13:56:42Z EFO:0010709 placental smooth muscle cell smooth muscle cell of placenta A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. 2021-12-13T14:01:05Z portal endothelial cell EFO:0010704 endothelial cell of hepatic portal vein An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. PMID:30348985 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a uterus. 2021-12-13T14:39:25Z EFO:0010711 uterine endothelial cell endothelial cell of uterus An endothelial cell that is part of a uterus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. 2022-02-21T15:39:10Z embryonic skeletal muscle fiber A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. PMID:32094117 PMID:7196501 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-601X A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. 2022-03-17T12:00:44Z portal fibroblast hepatic portal fibroblast A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. PMID:20209607 PMID:24814904 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833 An endothelial cell located in a lymph node lymphatic vessel. lymph node lymphatic vessel endothelial cell An endothelial cell located in a lymph node lymphatic vessel. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833 A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow. bone marrow stromal cell stromal cell of bone marrow An epithelial cell that is part_of a umbilical artery. umbilical artery epithelial cell epithelial cell of umbilical artery A mononuclear cell that is part_of a bone marrow. bone marrow mononuclear cell mononuclear cell of bone marrow Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of some heart. cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of some heart. FBC:Autogenerated Any endothelial cell that is part of some heart. cardiac endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of some heart. FBC:Autogenerated Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye. camera type eye photoreceptor cell camera-type eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye. FBC:Autogenerated A CNS neuron of the cerebral cortex. BTO:0004102 FMA:84104 cortical neuron neuron of cerebral cortex cerebral cortex neuron A CNS neuron of the cerebral cortex. GOC:tfm A zygote in a plant or an animal. MESH:D015053 zygote Any glial cell that is part of some heart. cardiac glial cell Any glial cell that is part of some heart. FBC:Autogenerated Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell. MESH:D032386 cardiac myoblast Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell. FBC:Autogenerated A neuron that has its soma in the heart. This term is used in 3 GO terms that were created as part of the heart development focus project. cardiac neuron A neuron that has its soma in the heart. PMID:12486170 PMID:29265764 A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. spinal cord motor neuron A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. GOC:nv A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. paraxial mesoderm cell somitic mesoderm cell presomitic mesoderm cell paraxial cell A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. GOC:NV PMID:11687492 A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. neural crest cell A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility). motile sperm cell A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility). PMID:30612620 A motile sperm cell that contains a slender threadlike microscopic appendage that enables motion. flagellated sperm cell A motile sperm cell that contains a slender threadlike microscopic appendage that enables motion. PMID:30612620 https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/flagellum A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium. mesothelial cell of epicardium A fibroblast that is part of upper back skin. fibroblast of upper back skin A fibroblast that is part of skin of back. fibroblast of skin of back A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. progenitor cell A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. ISBN:978-1-62808-994-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409503-8.00002-0 Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. skeleton muscle fibroblast skeletal muscle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. PMID:28369879 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-0667 Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. DMEC cell dermal microvascular endothelium cell dermal microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. BTO:0004574 CL:patterns/cellPartOfAnatomicalEntity Cells of the uterine chorion that acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer. chorionic trophoblast cell Cells of the uterine chorion that acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer. GOC:NV Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. colonic epithelial cell colon epithelial cell Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. GOC:NV A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell. precursor cell A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. GOC:dos A CNS neuron of the forebrain. forebrain neuron neuron of the forebrain A neuroendocrine cell that is part of the prostate epithelium. neuroendocrine cell of prostate epithelium neuroendocrine cell of the prostate prostate neuroendocrine cell A neuroendocrine cell that is part of the prostate epithelium. PMID:33842835 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-9578 Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. neutrophillic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. GOC:add Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. eosinophilic acidophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. GOC:add Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. basophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. polychromatophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm Heterochromatin that is arranged in a carthwheel pattern. cartwheel heterochromatin Heterochromatin that is arranged in a carthwheel pattern. GOC:tfm Any serous secreting cell that is part of the tracheobronchial epithelium. 2020-05-07T16:03:27Z serous cell of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial serous cell Any chondrocyte that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. 2020-05-07T17:29:51Z chondrocyte of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial chondrocyte Any goblet cell that is part of the tracheobronchial epithelium. 2020-05-07T18:14:52Z goblet cell of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial goblet cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of any lymphatic vessel. 2020-07-21T12:29:51Z smooth muscle cell of lymphatic vessel lymphatic vessel smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of any lymphatic vessel. PMID:15109561 A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. 2020-07-21T12:42:48Z smooth muscle cell of blood vessel blood vessel smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. PMID:9108778 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. 2020-07-21T12:50:22Z smooth muscle cell of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. PMID:10853867 An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. 2020-09-03T12:24:24Z large bile duct cholangiocyte extrahepatic cholangiocyte An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. PMID:23720296 large bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. 2020-09-09T13:56:47Z EFO:0010705 periportal LSEC periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 periportal LSEC PMID:28287163 periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. 2020-09-10T12:38:29Z EFO:0010706 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell pericentral LSEC endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 pericentral LSEC PMID:28287163 Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. Human intestinal goblet cells secrete the MUC2 mucin, as well as a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3. 2020-10-14T14:59:07Z intestinal goblet cell intestine goblet cell Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. Human intestinal goblet cells secrete the MUC2 mucin, as well as a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3. PMID:1996606 PMID:24942678 intestinal goblet cell PMID:1996606 Any neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) that is part of some forebrain. forebrain neuroblast Any neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) that is part of some forebrain. FBC:Autogenerated Any epithelial cell that is part of some pronephric nephron tubule. pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of some pronephric nephron tubule. FBC:Autogenerated Any epithelial cell that is part of some metanephric nephron tubule. metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of some metanephric nephron tubule. FBC:Autogenerated Any goblet cell that is part of some lung. lung goblet cell Any goblet cell that is part of some lung. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that is part of a cardiac valve. heart valve cell cardiac valve cell A cell that is part of a cardiac valve. PMID:25311230 heart valve cell PMID:30796046 Any neuroendocrine cell that is part of some stomach. stomach neuroendocrine cell Any neuroendocrine cell that is part of some stomach. FBC:Autogenerated A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Lung neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Lung neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. pulmonary neuroendocrine cell PNEC lung neuroendocrine cell A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Lung neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Lung neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. PMID:33355253 doi:10.3109/01902148209069653 doi:10.7554/eLife.78216 pulmonary neuroendocrine cell PMID:33355253 PNEC PMID:33355253 Any ciliated cell that is part of some lung. lung ciliated cell Any ciliated cell that is part of some lung. FBC:Autogenerated Any secretory cell that is part of some lung. lung secretory cell Any secretory cell that is part of some lung. FBC:Autogenerated trophectoderm cell trophectodermal cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. FMA:15050 non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine smooth muscle cell of small intestine A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine FMA:15050 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. FMA:15058 non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum smooth muscle fiber of duodenum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum FMA:15058 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the jejunum. FMA:15062 non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum smooth muscle fiber of jejunum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the jejunum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum FMA:15062 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ileum. FMA:15066 non-striated muscle fiber of ileum smooth muscle fiber of ileum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ileum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of ileum FMA:15066 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. FMA:15653 non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine smooth muscle cell of large intestine A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine FMA:15653 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. FMA:15663 non-striated muscle fiber of colon smooth muscle cell of colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of colon FMA:15663 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the cecum. FMA:15681 non-striated muscle fiber of cecum smooth muscle fiber of cecum smooth muscle cell of cecum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the cecum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of cecum FMA:15681 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ascending colon. FMA:17518 non-striated muscle fiber of ascending colon smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ascending colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of ascending colon FMA:17518 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the transverse colon. FMA:17519 non-striated muscle fiber of transverse colon smooth muscle fiber of transverse colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the transverse colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of transverse colon FMA:17519 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the descending colon. FMA:17520 non-striated muscle fiber of descending colon smooth muscle fiber of descending colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the descending colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of descending colon FMA:17520 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. FMA:17521 non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon smooth muscle cell of sigmoid colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon FMA:17521 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. FMA:17522 non-striated muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle cell of rectum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of rectum FMA:17522 An epithelial cell that is part of the urethra. FMA:256165 epithelial cell of urethra An epithelial cell that is part of the urethra. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the dura mater. FMA:256516 squamous mesothelial cell of dura mater mesothelial cell of dura mater A mesothelial cell that is part of the dura mater. GOC:tfm squamous mesothelial cell of dura mater FMA:256516 A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. FMA:261279 fibroblast of areolar connective tissue A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. FMA:261285 fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. FMA:261287 fibroblast of dense regular elastic tissue A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. GOC:tfm An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. FMA:261293 adipocyte of epicardial fat epicardial fat cell epicardial adipocyte An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. GOC:tfm adipocyte of epicardial fat FMA:261293 epicardial fat cell FMA:261293 An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. FMA:261297 epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle epicardial fat cell of right ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle FMA:261297 epicardial fat cell of right ventricle FMA:261297 An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. FMA:261300 epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle epicardial fat cell of left ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle FMA:261300 epicardial fat cell of left ventricle FMA:261300 A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. FMA:263032 goblet cell of epithelium of bronchus bronchial goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. GOC:tfm goblet cell of epithelium of bronchus FMA:263032 A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of stomach. FMA:263035 goblet cell of epithelium of stomach gastric goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of stomach. GOC:tfm goblet cell of epithelium of stomach FMA:263035 A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of gastric cardiac gland. FMA:263038 goblet cell of epithelium of gastric cardiac gland gastric cardiac gland goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of gastric cardiac gland. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of intestinal villus. FMA:263046 goblet cell of epithelium of intestinal villus intestinal villus goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of intestinal villus. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of large intestine. FMA:263054 goblet cell of epithelium of large intestine large intestine goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of large intestine. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pancreatic duct. FMA:263058 goblet cell of epithelium of pancreatic duct pancreatic goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pancreatic duct. GOC:tfm goblet cell of epithelium of pancreatic duct FMA:263058 A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pyloric gland. FMA:263061 goblet cell of epithelium of pyloric gland pyloric gastric gland goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pyloric gland. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of duodenum. FMA:263063 goblet cell of epithelium proper of duodenum duodenal goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of duodenum. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of jejunum. FMA:263065 goblet cell of epithelium proper of jejunum jejunal goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of jejunum. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of ileum. FMA:263067 goblet cell of epithelium proper of ileum ileal goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of ileum. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of appendix. FMA:263069 goblet cell of epithelium proper of appendix appendix goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of appendix. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. FMA:263075 goblet cell of epithelium of trachea tracheal goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. GOC:tfm goblet cell of epithelium of trachea FMA:263075 A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. FMA:263078 serous cell of epithelium of trachea A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. GOC:tfm A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. FMA:263080 serous cell of epithelium of bronchus A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. FMA:263152 transitional myocyte of interatrial septum A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263154 transitional myocyte of interventricular septum A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263182 Purkinje myocyte of interventricular septum A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. BTO:000125 FMA:62911 LSEC endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid liver sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. GOC:tfm PMID:3926620 LSEC PMID:30348985 endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid FMA:62911 liver sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 An epithelial cell that is part of the appendix. FMA:63602 columnar epitheliocyte of appendix epithelial cell of vermiform appendix epithelial cell of appendix An epithelial cell that is part of the appendix. GOC:tfm columnar epitheliocyte of appendix FMA:63602 epithelial cell of vermiform appendix FMA:63602 A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 SA nodal myocyte SA node cardiac muscle cell sinoatrial node cell sinoatrial node myocyte sinuatrial node myocyte myocyte of sinoatrial node A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 GOC:tfm SA nodal myocyte FMA:67102 SA node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr sinoatrial node cell GOC:pr sinuatrial node myocyte FMA:67102 A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 AV nodal myocyte AV node cardiac muscle cell AV node cell atrioventricular node cell atrioventricular node myocyte myocyte of atrioventricular node A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 GOC:tfm AV nodal myocyte FMA:67106 AV node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr AV node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node myocyte FMA:67106 An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. FMA:67760 KUPO:0001097 endothelial cell of arteriole An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. BTO:0004758 FMA:67761 KUPO:0001095 arterial endothelial cell endothelial cell of artery A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. FMA:67762 endothelial cell of venule An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. FMA:67780 epithelial cell of gallbladder An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. GOC:tfm A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal gland. FMA:69794 adrenal chromaffin cell chromaffin cell of adrenal gland A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal gland. GOC:tfm adrenal chromaffin cell GO:0061104 A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal cortex. FMA:69795 chromaffin cell of adrenal cortex Not clear this cell type exists. Can't call it a cortical adrenal cell because of different germ layer origin. adrenal cortex chromaffin cell A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal cortex. GOC:tfm A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. FMA:70541 epidermal stem cell stem cell of epidermis A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. GOC:tfm epidermal stem cell FMA:70541 An epithelial cell that is part of the external acoustic meatus. FMA:70555 epithelial cell of external acoustic meatus An epithelial cell that is part of the external acoustic meatus. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the lacrimal drainage system. FMA:70559 epithelial cell of lacrimal duct epithelial cell of lacrimal drainage system An epithelial cell that is part of the lacrimal drainage system. GOC:tfm PMID:22594785 An epithelial cell that is part of the lacrimal sac. FMA:70560 epithelial cell of lacrimal sac An epithelial cell that is part of the lacrimal sac. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the nasolacrimal duct. FMA:70561 epithelial cell of nasolacrimal duct An epithelial cell that is part of the nasolacrimal duct. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. FMA:70610 smooth muscle cell of ciliary body ciliary muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. GOC:tfm smooth muscle cell of ciliary body FMA:70610 A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. FMA:70615 mesothelial cell of anterior chamber of eye A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the sweat gland. FMA:70952 epithelial cell of sweat gland An epithelial cell that is part of the sweat gland. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron. FMA:70965 epithelial cell of nephron An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the glomerular capsule. FMA:70966 KUPO:0001034 Bowmans capsule epithelial cell epithelial cell of Bowman's capsule epithelial cell of glomerular capsule An epithelial cell that is part of the glomerular capsule. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of Bowman's capsule FMA:70966 An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. FMA:70982 KUPO:0001059 epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule kidney collecting duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule FMA:70982 A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. FMA:72142 mesothelial cell of parietal peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. FMA:72143 mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. GOC:tfm A chromaffin cell that is part of the ovary. FMA:74319 chromaffin cell of ovary A chromaffin cell that is part of the ovary. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:83384 transitinal myocyte of sinuatrial node transitional myocyte of sinoatrial node A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:83386 Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:83390 myocardial endocrine cell of interventricular septum A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell that is part of the prostate gland. FMA:84583 smooth muscle fiber of prostate smooth muscle cell of prostate A smooth muscle cell that is part of the prostate gland. GOC:tfm smooth muscle fiber of prostate FMA:84583 An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. FMA:86481 epithelial cell of bile duct cholangiocyte An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. GOC:tfm PMID:16550043 PMID:18356246 A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. FMA:86736 peritoneal mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. GOC:tfm peritoneal mesothelial cell FMA:86736 A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. FMA:86737 pleural mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. GOC:tfm pleural mesothelial cell FMA:86737 A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. FMA:86738 mesothelial cell of parietal pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. FMA:86739 mesothelial cell of visceral pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of a nephron tubule. FMA:86785 KUPO:0001022 kidney tubule epithelial cell This needs to be further defined as a juxtamedullary nephron. Will request the juxtamedullary nephron tubule class from UBERON. nephron tubule epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a nephron tubule. GOC:tfm A goblet cell that is part of the small intestine. FMA:86929 goblet cell of epithelium of small intestine goblet cell of small intestine small intestinal goblet cell small intestine goblet cell A goblet cell that is part of the small intestine. GOC:tfm small intestinal goblet cell FMA:86929 A cell that is part of a kidney. KUPO:0001010 kidney cell A cell that is part of kidney interstitium. KUPO:0001013 kidney interstitial cell A cell that is part of a renal medulla. KUPO:0001017 kidney medulla cell A cell that is part of a renal medulla. PMID:22343825 A cell that is part of a renal pelvis. KUPO:0001018 kidney pelvis cell A cell that is part of a nephron tubule. KUPO:0001020 kidney tubule cell Any kidney epithelial cell that is part of some glomerular epithelium. KUPO:0001023 kidney glomerular epithelial cell Any kidney epithelial cell that is part of some glomerular epithelium. FBC:Autogenerated An epithelial cell that is part of a renal medulla collecting duct. KUPO:0001060 kidney medulla collecting duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a cortical collecting duct. KUPO:0001063 kidney cortex collecting duct epithelial cell Any cell that is part of some lower urinary tract. KUPO:0001115 lower urinary tract cell Any cell that is part of some lower urinary tract. FBC:Autogenerated Any cell that is part of some ureter. KUPO:0001116 ureteral cell Any cell that is part of some ureter. FBC:Autogenerated Any neuron that has its soma located in some kidney. KUPO:0001015 kidney nerve cell Any neuron that has its soma located in some kidney. FBC:Autogenerated Any renal cortical epithelial cell that is part of some renal corpuscle. KUPO:0001021 kidney corpuscule cell Any renal cortical epithelial cell that is part of some renal corpuscle. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that is part of an interstitial compartment of a renal cortex. KUPO:0001091 kidney cortex interstitial cell A cell that is part of an interstitial compartment of a renal cortex. PMID:18575881 A cell that is part of an interstitum of a renal medulla. KUPO:0001092 kidney medulla interstitial cell A cell that is part of an interstitum of a renal medulla. PMID:21359760 A fibroblast that is part of an interstitial compartment of a kidney. KUPO:0001102 kidney interstitial fibroblast A fibroblast that is part of an interstitial compartment of a kidney. PMID:10559635 Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some kidney pelvis smooth muscle. KUPO:0001113 kidney pelvis smooth muscle cell Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some kidney pelvis smooth muscle. FBC:Autogenerated Any ureteral cell that is part of some adventitia of ureter. KUPO:0001119 ureter adventitial cell Any ureteral cell that is part of some adventitia of ureter. FBC:Autogenerated Any renal principal cell that is part of some cortical collecting duct. KUPO:0001130 kidney cortex collecting duct principal cell Any renal principal cell that is part of some cortical collecting duct. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney corpuscule cell that is part of some renal glomerulus. KUPO:0001036 glomerular cell Any kidney corpuscule cell that is part of some renal glomerulus. FBC:Autogenerated A blood vessel cell that is part of a kidney. KUPO:0001014 kidney blood vessel cell A blood vessel cell that is part of a kidney. PMID:34843404 Any kidney blood vessel cell that is part of some kidney arterial blood vessel. KUPO:0001029 kidney arterial blood vessel cell Any kidney blood vessel cell that is part of some kidney arterial blood vessel. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney blood vessel cell that is part of some kidney capillary. KUPO:0001030 kidney capillary endothelial cell Any kidney blood vessel cell that is part of some kidney capillary. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney blood vessel cell that is part of some renal vein. KUPO:0001031 kidney venous blood vessel cell Any kidney blood vessel cell that is part of some renal vein. FBC:Autogenerated Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some muscular coat of ureter. KUPO:0001118 ureter smooth muscle cell Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some muscular coat of ureter. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney capillary endothelial cell that is part of some glomerular capillary endothelium. KUPO:0001037 glomerular capillary endothelial cell Any kidney capillary endothelial cell that is part of some glomerular capillary endothelium. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney arterial blood vessel cell that is part of some renal afferent arteriole. KUPO:0001038 kidney afferent arteriole cell Any kidney arterial blood vessel cell that is part of some renal afferent arteriole. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney arterial blood vessel cell that is part of some renal cortex artery. KUPO:0001077 kidney cortex artery cell Any kidney arterial blood vessel cell that is part of some renal cortex artery. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney venous blood vessel cell that is part of some renal cortex vein. KUPO:0001084 kidney cortex vein cell Any kidney venous blood vessel cell that is part of some renal cortex vein. FBC:Autogenerated KUPO:0001096 Note that the source of this term is KUPO:0001096 (artery smooth muscle cell), which we believe actually denotes the kidney specific structure. kidney artery smooth muscle cell KUPO:0001098 Note that the source of this term is KUPO:0001098 (arteriole smooth muscle cell), which we believe actually denotes the kidney specific structure. kidney arteriole smooth muscle cell Any endothelial cell that is part of some renal afferent arteriole. KUPO:0001039 kidney afferent arteriole endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of some renal afferent arteriole. FBC:Autogenerated Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some renal afferent arteriole. KUPO:0001040 kidney afferent arteriole smooth muscle cell Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some renal afferent arteriole. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney cortex artery cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. KUPO:0001078 arcuate artery cell Any kidney cortex artery cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. FBC:Autogenerated Any kidney cortex artery cell that is part of some interlobular artery. KUPO:0001081 interlobular artery cell Any kidney cortex artery cell that is part of some interlobular artery. FBC:Autogenerated Any endothelial cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. KUPO:0001079 arcuate artery endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. FBC:Autogenerated Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. KUPO:0001080 arcuate artery smooth muscle cell Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. FBC:Autogenerated Any endothelial cell that is part of some interlobular artery. KUPO:0001082 interlobulary artery endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of some interlobular artery. FBC:Autogenerated Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some interlobular artery. KUPO:0001083 interlobulary artery smooth muscle cell Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some interlobular artery. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that is part of a collecting duct of renal tubule. KUPO:0001012 Wikipedia:Kidney_collecting_duct_cell kidney collecting duct cell Any cell that is part of some urinary bladder. KUPO:0001120 bladder cell Any cell that is part of some urinary bladder. FBC:Autogenerated Any cell that is part of some urethra. KUPO:0001123 urethra cell Any cell that is part of some urethra. FBC:Autogenerated Any renal principal cell that is part of some collecting duct of renal tubule. KUPO:0001128 kidney collecting duct principal cell Any renal principal cell that is part of some collecting duct of renal tubule. FBC:Autogenerated An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. FMA:70986 exocrine pancreas cell epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. GOC:tfm The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. intestinal enteroendocrine cell The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. MP:0010802 Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some lung. endothelial cell of lung pulmonary vessel endothelial cell lung endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some lung. FBC:Autogenerated Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery. BTO:0001141 PAEC cell pulmonary artery endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery. FBC:Autogenerated PAEC cell BTO:0001141 A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. CALOHA:TS-2397 colon endothelial cells colonic endothelial cell colon endothelial cell A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. NPX:PDR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 colon endothelial cells CALOHA:TS-2397 colonic endothelial cell CALOHA:TS-2397 Cell of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. CALOHA:TS-2398 nasopharynx respiratory epithelial cells nasopharyngeal epithelial cell Cell of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. NPX:PDR nasopharynx respiratory epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-2398 Squamous cell of uterine cervix epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1251 cervix squamous cell cervix squamous epithelial cell cervix, uterine squamous epithelial cells uterine cervix squamous epithelial cell uterine cervix squamous epithelial cells uterine cervix squamous cell Squamous cell of uterine cervix epithelium. NPX:PDR cervix squamous cell CALOHA:TS-1251 cervix squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1251 cervix, uterine squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1251 uterine cervix squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1251 uterine cervix squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1251 Squamous cell of oral epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous cell oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells oral mucosa squamous cell Squamous cell of oral epithelium. NPX:PDR oral cavity mucosa squamous cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1252 Squamous cell of tonsil epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1253 tonsil squamous epithelial cell tonsil squamous epithelial cells tonsillar squamous cell tonsillar squamous epithelial cell tonsil squamous cell Squamous cell of tonsil epithelium. NPX:PDR tonsil squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1253 tonsil squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1253 tonsillar squamous cell CALOHA:TS-1253 tonsillar squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1253 Squamous cell of vaginal epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1254 vagina squamous epithelial cell vagina squamous epithelial cells vaginal squamous cell vaginal squamous epithelial cell vagina squamous cell Squamous cell of vaginal epithelium. NPX:PDR vagina squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1254 vagina squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1254 vaginal squamous cell CALOHA:TS-1254 vaginal squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1254 Glial cell of cerebral cortex. CALOHA:TS-1256 brain cortex glial cell cerebral cortex glial cells cerebrum cortex glial cell cerebral cortex glial cell Glial cell of cerebral cortex. NPX:PDR brain cortex glial cell CALOHA:TS-1256 cerebral cortex glial cells CALOHA:TS-1256 cerebrum cortex glial cell CALOHA:TS-1256 Glial cell of lateral ventricle. CALOHA:TS-1258 lateral ventricle glial cells lateral ventricle glial cell Glial cell of lateral ventricle. NPX:PDR lateral ventricle glial cells CALOHA:TS-1258 Neuron of lateral ventricle. CALOHA:TS-1261 lateral ventricle neural cell lateral ventricle neuronal cell lateral ventricle neuronal cells lateral ventricle neuron Neuron of lateral ventricle. NPX:PDR lateral ventricle neural cell CALOHA:TS-1261 lateral ventricle neuronal cell CALOHA:TS-1261 lateral ventricle neuronal cells CALOHA:TS-1261 Glandular cell of appendix epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1271 appendix glandular cells caecal appendix glandular cell cecal appendix glandular cell vermiform appendix glandular cell appendix glandular cell Glandular cell of appendix epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR appendix glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1271 caecal appendix glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1271 cecal appendix glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1271 vermiform appendix glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1271 Glandular cell of mammary epithelium. Example: glandular cells of large and intermediate ducts, glandular cells in terminal ducts. CALOHA:TS-1272 breast glandular cell breast glandular cells mammary glandular cell mammary gland glandular cell Glandular cell of mammary epithelium. Example: glandular cells of large and intermediate ducts, glandular cells in terminal ducts. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR breast glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1272 breast glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1272 mammary glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1272 Glandular cell of uterine cervix epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1273 cervix glandular cell cervix, uterine glandular cell cervix, uterine glandular cells uterine cervix glandular cell Glandular cell of uterine cervix epithelium. NPX:PDR cervix glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1273 cervix, uterine glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1273 cervix, uterine glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1273 Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1274 colon glandular cells colon glandular cell Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR colon glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1274 Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. CALOHA:TS-1275 duodenum glandular cells duodenum glandular cell Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. NPX:PDR duodenum glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1275 Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1276 epididymal glandular cell epididymis glandular cells epididymis glandular cell Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium. NPX:PDR epididymal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1276 epididymis glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1276 Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells. CALOHA:TS-1277 fallopian tube glandular cell fallopian tube glandular cells uterine tube glandular cell oviduct glandular cell Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR fallopian tube glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1277 fallopian tube glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1277 uterine tube glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1277 Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1278 gall bladder glandular cell gall bladder glandular cells gallbladder glandular cells gallbladder glandular cell Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. NPX:PDR gall bladder glandular cell FMA:7202 gall bladder glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1278 gallbladder glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1278 Glandular cell of parathyroid epithelium. Example: Parathyroid chief cell and parathyroid oxyphil cells. CALOHA:TS-1279 parathyroid gland glandular cell parathyroid gland glandular cells parathyroid glandular cell Glandular cell of parathyroid epithelium. Example: Parathyroid chief cell and parathyroid oxyphil cells. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR parathyroid gland glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1279 parathyroid gland glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1279 Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1281 rectal glandular cell rectum glandular cells rectum glandular cell Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR rectal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1281 rectum glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1281 Glandular cell of salivary gland. Example: Serous cells, mucous cells, cuboidal epithelial cells of the intercalated ducts, simple cuboidal epithelium of the striated ducts, epithelial cells of excretory ducts. CALOHA:TS-1282 salivary gland glandular cells salivary gland glandular cell Glandular cell of salivary gland. Example: Serous cells, mucous cells, cuboidal epithelial cells of the intercalated ducts, simple cuboidal epithelium of the striated ducts, epithelial cells of excretory ducts. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR salivary gland glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1282 Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1283 seminal vesicle glandular cells seminal vesicle glandular cell Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium. NPX:PDR seminal vesicle glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1283 A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . CALOHA:TS-1286 FMA:86928 small bowel glandular cell small intestinal glandular cell small intestine glandular cells small intestine glandular cell A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . NCI_Thesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Glandular_Cell NPX:PDR small bowel glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1286 small intestinal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1286 small intestine glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1286 Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-1242 exocrine pancreas glandular cell pancreas exocrine glandular cells pancreas exocrine glandular cell Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR exocrine pancreas glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1242 pancreas exocrine glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1242 Hormone secreting cell located in the cortex of adrenal gland. Glandular cells in the adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens. CALOHA:TS-2177 adrenal gland glandular cells adrenal glandular cell suprarenal gland glandular cell adrenal gland glandular cell Hormone secreting cell located in the cortex of adrenal gland. Glandular cells in the adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens. NPX:PDR adrenal gland glandular cells CALOHA:TS-2177 adrenal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-2177 suprarenal gland glandular cell CALOHA:TS-2177 Endothelial cells forming the walls of the capillaries within the cerebral cortex. CALOHA:TS-2372 cerebral cortex endothelial cells endothelial cells of cerebral cortex cerebral cortex endothelial cell Endothelial cells forming the walls of the capillaries within the cerebral cortex. NPX:PDR cerebral cortex endothelial cells CALOHA:TS-2372 endothelial cells of cerebral cortex CALOHA:TS-2372 Circulating macrophages and tissue macrophages (alveolar macrophages) of lung. CALOHA:TS-0576 lung macrophages lung macrophage Circulating macrophages and tissue macrophages (alveolar macrophages) of lung. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR lung macrophages CALOHA:TS-0576 Fibroblast from foreskin. CALOHA:TS-0384 BJ fibroblast foreskin fibroblast Fibroblast from foreskin. NPX:PDR Fibroblast from muscle organ. CALOHA:TS-0643 muscle fibroblast Fibroblast from muscle organ. NPX:PDR Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. CALOHA:TS-2109 bone marrow hematopoietic cells bone marrow poietic cells bone marrow hematopoietic cell Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. NPX:PDR bone marrow hematopoietic cells CALOHA:TS-2109 bone marrow poietic cells CALOHA:TS-2109 Neuron of the cerebellum. CALOHA:TS-2359 FMA:84665 cerebellum neuron cerebellar neuron Neuron of the cerebellum. NPX:PDR cerebellum neuron CALOHA:TS-2359 A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. peripheral blood mononuclear cell A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. GOC:TermGenie A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization. BTO:0002770 BTO:0005756 NCIT:C32429 decidua cell decidual stromal cell decidual cell A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization. BTO:0002770 NCIT:C32429 PMID:30013421 PMID:30429548 Wiki:Decidual_cells&oldid=937509751 Wiki:Decidualization&oldid=908981933 decidua cell BTO:0002770 NCIT:C32429 decidual stromal cell BTO:0005756 PMID:11719592 Any cell that is part of a pituitary gland. pituitary gland cell Any cell that is part of a pituitary gland. GOC:TermGenie Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. microvascular endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. dermis blood vessel endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel that is part of a dermis. dermis lymphatic vessel endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel that is part of a dermis. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a pedal digit skin. fibroblast of pedal digit skin Any skin fibroblast that is part of a pedal digit skin. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. fibroblast of skin of abdomen Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a upper leg skin. fibroblast of upper leg skin Any skin fibroblast that is part of a upper leg skin. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a arm. fibroblast of arm Any skin fibroblast that is part of a arm. GOC:TermGenie Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. lung microvascular endothelial cell Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a periodontal ligament. fibroblast of peridontal ligament Any fibroblast that is part of a periodontal ligament. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a coronary artery. endothelial cell of coronary artery Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a coronary artery. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. inner cell mass cell Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a sebaceous gland. sebaceous gland cell Any native cell that is part of a sebaceous gland. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. cardiac septum cell Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. GOC:TermGenie Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. central nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a hypothalamus. hypothalamus cell Any native cell that is part of a hypothalamus. GOC:TermGenie A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. FMA:84664 PNS neuron peripheral neuron peripheral nervous system neuron A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. GOC:TermGenie ISBN:0721662544 Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. bladder microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. GOC:TermGenie Any dermis lymphatic vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. dermis microvascular lymphatic vessel endothelial cell Any dermis lymphatic vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. embryonic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. brain microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. GOC:TermGenie Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. ventricular cardiac muscle cell Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. brainstem motor neuron Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. splenic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a umbilical cord. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=8010 umbilical artery endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a umbilical cord. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5500 splenic endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver. hepatic dendritic cell http://www.jleukbio.org/content/66/2/322.abstract liver dendritic cell Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a prostate gland. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=4400 prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a prostate gland. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell that is part of a placenta. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7140 placental amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell Any mesenchymal stem cell that is part of a placenta. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7330 ovarian fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7310 ovarian surface epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a female urethra. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7300 ovarian microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a female urethra. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6310 cardiac ventricle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6320 cardiac atrium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6430 pericardium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5430 gallbladder fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6620 optic choroid fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a breast. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7600 mammary microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a breast. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7200 adipose microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. GOC:TermGenie Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. cardiac neural crest cell migratory cardiac neural crest cell Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. GOC:TermGenie cardiac neural crest cell PMID:33060096 Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. Splenocytes is a vague term that refers to any one of the different white blood cell types in the spleen. This name is seen many references as such and is not explained further, necessitating a need for this terminology. splenocyte Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any vein endothelial cell that is part of a hindlimb stylopod. hindlimb stylopod vein endothelial cell Any vein endothelial cell that is part of a hindlimb stylopod. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow that is part of a femur. mesenchymal stem cell of femoral bone marrow Any mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow that is part of a femur. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose tissue Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any mononuclear cell that is part of a umbilical cord. mononuclear cell of umbilical cord Any mononuclear cell that is part of a umbilical cord. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a endometrial blood vessel. endometrial microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a endometrial blood vessel. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus. bronchus fibroblast of lung Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus. GOC:TermGenie Any hematopoietic stem cell that is part of a umbilical cord blood. cord blood hematopoietic stem cell Any hematopoietic stem cell that is part of a umbilical cord blood. GOC:TermGenie A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. ciliated epithelial cell of esophagus A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:CellBLAST PMID:29802404 Peripheral sensory neuron. peripheral sensory neuron Peripheral sensory neuron. GOC:CellBLAST PMID:30096314 A fibroblast that is part of the breast. breast fibroblast fibroblast of breast A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. brain vascular cell A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. midbrain-derived inhibitory neuron A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. somatosensory neuron A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. PMID:22865660 Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a lung. lung capillary endothelial cell pulmonary capillary endothelial cell A stromal cell that is part of the thymus. 2022-07-08T11:39:38Z thymic stromal cell stromal cell of thymus A stromal cell that is part of the thymus. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20082-7 A fibroblast that is located in the renal medulla interstitium. 2022-07-05T12:13:40Z kidney medullary fibroblast It has been noted that inner medullary fibroblasts are involved in the regulation of water and electrolyte homeostasis. renal medullary fibroblast A fibroblast that is located in the renal medulla interstitium. PMID:10559635 It has been noted that inner medullary fibroblasts are involved in the regulation of water and electrolyte homeostasis. PMID:10559635 A fibroblast that is located in the renal cortical interstitium. 2022-07-05T15:50:17Z kidney cortical fibroblast Renal cortical fibroblasts have key roles in mediating intercellular communication with neighboring/infiltrating cells and extracellular matrix and maintenance of renal tissue architecture. They additionally have an endocrine function in the production of epoetin. renal cortical fibroblast A fibroblast that is located in the renal cortical interstitium. PMID:10559635 Renal cortical fibroblasts have key roles in mediating intercellular communication with neighboring/infiltrating cells and extracellular matrix and maintenance of renal tissue architecture. They additionally have an endocrine function in the production of epoetin. PMID:16230044 A lymphocyte located in blood. 2022-11-04T14:40:00Z blood lymphocyte A lymphocyte located in blood. Any cell that is located within the interstitium between the cells most prominent in defining a given tissue. "Interstitial cell" is a morphological term and refers to a variety of cells with differing origins and phenotypes. 2022-11-30T14:35:08Z interstitial cell Any cell that is located within the interstitium between the cells most prominent in defining a given tissue. "Interstitial cell" is a morphological term and refers to a variety of cells with differing origins and phenotypes. PMID:24987007 An interstitial cell that is part of a cardiac valve leaflet. Along with valve endothelial cells, a valve interstitial cell maintains tissue homeostasis for the function of cardiac valves through secreting biochemical signals, matrix proteins and matrix remodeling enzymes. 2022-12-06T14:18:45Z VIC cardiac valve interstitial cell valvular interstitial cell Activated valve interstitial cells undergo continual turn over into deactivated fibroblasts and other cell fates (such as apoptosis). valve interstitial cell An interstitial cell that is part of a cardiac valve leaflet. Along with valve endothelial cells, a valve interstitial cell maintains tissue homeostasis for the function of cardiac valves through secreting biochemical signals, matrix proteins and matrix remodeling enzymes. PMID:25311230 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0580 https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314789 https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006339 https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2007.070251 VIC PMID:25311230 PMID:30796046 valvular interstitial cell PMID:25311230 Activated valve interstitial cells undergo continual turn over into deactivated fibroblasts and other cell fates (such as apoptosis). PMID:25311230 An endothelial cell that lines a surface of a cardiac valve leaflet. Along with valve interstitial cells, a valve endothelial cell maintains tissue homeostasis for the function of cardiac valves through secreting biochemical signals, matrix proteins and matrix remodeling enzymes. 2022-12-09T11:58:49Z VEC valvular endothelial cell At least in some mammalian species, a valve endothelial cell expresses CD31. Valve endothelial cells can undergo an endothelial to mesenchymal transition to acquire a fibroblast or myofibroblast phenotype that leads to changes in the microenvironmental signals and facilitates tissue regeneration. valve endothelial cell An endothelial cell that lines a surface of a cardiac valve leaflet. Along with valve interstitial cells, a valve endothelial cell maintains tissue homeostasis for the function of cardiac valves through secreting biochemical signals, matrix proteins and matrix remodeling enzymes. PMID:25311230 VEC PMID:25311230 PMID:30796046 valvular endothelial cell PMID:25311230 At least in some mammalian species, a valve endothelial cell expresses CD31. Valve endothelial cells can undergo an endothelial to mesenchymal transition to acquire a fibroblast or myofibroblast phenotype that leads to changes in the microenvironmental signals and facilitates tissue regeneration. PMID:25311230 A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. 2023-01-25T11:06:01Z ciliated cell of the respiratory tract respiratory ciliated cell A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. PMID:18757316 PMID:21364219 A dental pulp cell that possesses stem-cell-like qualities, including self-renewal capability and multi-lineage differentiation. 2023-01-10T14:02:02Z DPSC dental pulp stem cell A dental pulp cell that possesses stem-cell-like qualities, including self-renewal capability and multi-lineage differentiation. DOI:10.1177/154405910208100806 DPSC A ciliated cell of the endometrial epithelium. The cilia of this cell type help move mucus from glandular tissue of the endometrium. 2023-02-09T11:25:14Z ciliated cell of the uterus uterine ciliated cell ciliated cell of the endometrium endometrium ciliated epithelial cell In human samples, the expression of FOXJ1 protein, a regulator for motile cilia with epithelial lineage identity, has been noted. endometrial ciliated epithelial cell A ciliated cell of the endometrial epithelium. The cilia of this cell type help move mucus from glandular tissue of the endometrium. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1040-z https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/single+cell+type/Glandular+epithelial+cells#endometrialciliatedcells In human samples, the expression of FOXJ1 protein, a regulator for motile cilia with epithelial lineage identity, has been noted. ttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1040-z A macrophage that expresses the T cell receptor complex at the cell surface. 2023-09-26T12:27:14Z T cell receptor positive macrophage TCR+ macrophage TCR-positive macrophage A macrophage that expresses the T cell receptor complex at the cell surface. PMID:26074923 T cell receptor positive macrophage PMID:26074923 TCR+ macrophage PMID:26074923 An epithelial cell that is part of a ureteric bud. A ureteric bud cell has the potential to induce metanephric mesenchymal cells to proliferate and convert to epithelia that form renal tubules via: (1) the secretion of multiple diffusible growth factors that rescue renal progenitors from apoptosis and stimulate them to proliferate and (2) contact-dependent mechanisms that induce mesenchymal-epithelial conversion. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-877X 2023-10-13T11:22:42Z UB cell ureteric bud cell PMID:9374839 An epithelial cell that is part of a ureteric bud. A ureteric bud cell has the potential to induce metanephric mesenchymal cells to proliferate and convert to epithelia that form renal tubules via: (1) the secretion of multiple diffusible growth factors that rescue renal progenitors from apoptosis and stimulate them to proliferate and (2) contact-dependent mechanisms that induce mesenchymal-epithelial conversion. PMID:17133361 PMID:24183650 PMID:9374839 UB cell PMID:24183650 A(n) endothelial cell that is part of a(n) venule of lymph node. endothelial cell of venule of lymph node A(n) endothelial cell that is part of a(n) venule of lymph node. PMID:28217126 A(n) endothelial cell that is part of a(n) arteriole of lymph node. endothelial cell of arteriole of lymph node A(n) endothelial cell that is part of a(n) arteriole of lymph node. PMID:28217126 A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland. serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland. PMID:5487122 PMID:9651178 A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. vein endothelial cell of respiratory system A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. PMID:34030460 A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. 2023-03-16T11:31:23Z lung resident megakaryocyte lung-resident megakaryocyte MKL lung MKs lung megakaryocyte A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. PMID:33351116 lung resident megakaryocyte PMID:36524131 lung-resident megakaryocyte PMID:36524131 MKL PMID:36524131 lung MKs PMID:33351116 A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea. 2023-03-16T13:03:13Z tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell mucus secreting cell of trachea gland A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea. PMID:18931053 PMID:29656943 tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell PMID:18931053 A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus. 2023-03-16T15:12:52Z bronchial gland mucous cell mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus. PMID:19965983 bronchial gland mucous cell PMID:5487122 A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree. 2023-04-20T10:55:50Z mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree. PMID:30864819 A taste receptor cell that is part of a taste bud of a tongue. 2023-05-03T07:59:58Z gustatory cell of tongue taste receptor cell of tongue A taste receptor cell that is part of a taste bud of a tongue. DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01137.x PMID:10052456 PMID:28655883 http://www.nejohnston.org/Birds/documents/AvianTongues_Johnston.pdf gustatory cell of tongue DOI:10.1016/s0022-5320(69)80043-2 A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. 2023-08-22T13:40:28Z perivascular cell A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. PMID:24928499 PMID:27889329 An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. endothelial cell of central vein endothelial cell of central vein of liver An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. PMID:28287163 endothelial cell of central vein PMID:28287163 A tissue-resident macrophage that is part of the uterus. 2024-01-08T16:05:09Z uterine macrophage Uterine macrophages are reported to be evenly distributed throughout the endometrial stroma but with aggregations observed close to the lumen of superficial secretory glands. uterine resident macrophage A tissue-resident macrophage that is part of the uterus. PMID:36113384 uterine macrophage PMID:36113384 Uterine macrophages are reported to be evenly distributed throughout the endometrial stroma but with aggregations observed close to the lumen of superficial secretory glands. PMID:36113384 Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. 2023-09-18T10:43:00Z OAMSC Orbital ASCs orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stem cell of orbital adipose tissue Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. OAMSC PMID:31377878 Orbital ASCs PMID:30210548 orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell PMID:31377878 A central nervous system macrophage that is part of a choroid plexus, a meninx and a perivascular space. A border associated macrophage interacts with various components of the CNS vasculature and meninges, it participates in immune surveillance and in the regulation of the blood brain barrier. 2024-03-26T16:39:56Z BAM CAM CNS-associated macrophage In humans, a border associate macrophage expresses CD45 and CD11B. This cell is also known to have the following molecular signature: CD206, CD38, LYVE1, CD163, CD169. border associated macrophage A central nervous system macrophage that is part of a choroid plexus, a meninx and a perivascular space. A border associated macrophage interacts with various components of the CNS vasculature and meninges, it participates in immune surveillance and in the regulation of the blood brain barrier. PMID:37232741 PMID:37626977 BAM PMID:36945367 CAM PMID:33556248 CNS-associated macrophage PMID:37232741 In humans, a border associate macrophage expresses CD45 and CD11B. This cell is also known to have the following molecular signature: CD206, CD38, LYVE1, CD163, CD169. PMID:29426702 PMID:37232741 A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification. planned process Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. The FoodOn "food product" class is provided as a branch under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. Here classes are provided to differentiate a food product by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This avoids brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. It has a much greater depth and polyhierarchy than other agency product type schemes have in an effort to group related products together. The upper level basis of this tree originated in the environment ontology (ENVO) and from the US Code of Federal Regulations. food product A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. mammalian meat food product This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. plant food product Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage cabbage food product chicken meat food product A food product that is derived from some cow. Meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle (cows). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z beef food product cow food product Meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle (cows). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment. animal seafood product fermented dairy food product fermented fish or seafood food product sea water fish food product A food product derived from plant fruit. plant fruit food product sugar condiment A lipid material derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature. vegetable oil food product A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. vertebrate animal food product cereal grain food product 2019-06-11T07:25:19Z alcoholic beverage SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 fermented beverage fermented grain beverage A food product made from an avian egg. avian egg food product bovine dairy food product cattle dairy food product A food product made from domesticated bird meat. poultry meat food product A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. condiment condiment food product bovine meat food product fruit juice food product A food product deriving primarily from corn (maize). maize food product maize (corn) food product plant inflorescence food product cruciferous food product cruciferous inflorescence food product nut food product plant seed food product plant lipid food product plant stem food product invertebrate animal food product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. dry pea food product PULSES are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and colour within a pod. They are used for both food and feed. The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes. pulse pulses pulse food product A food product that has some spice or herb as a defining ingredient. A vegetable product such as leaves, flowers, seeds and roots that is rich in essential oils and aromatic principles. Used mainly a a condiment. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-16T10:14:35Z herb or spice spice or herb animal lipid food product A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). fish food product A food product that is derived from some avian. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z avian food product A beverage derived from plants. plant derived beverage plant derived fermented beverage nonfermented plant derived beverage product A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. dairy product milk product dairy food product milk or milk based food product food (fermented) Beer is a fermented cereal beverage resulting from the fermentation most commonly of malted barley (though wheat, corn, or rice may included), by a yeast, most commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flavored by dried flowers of hops, Humulus lupulus. beer beverage A plant food product which derives from one or more vegetables. FAO definition for vegetable: "Vegetables are plants cultivated both as field crops and garden crops, both in the open and under glass." and also: "Vegetables are grouped according to botanic characteristics as follows: leafy or stem vegetables (e.g., cabbage); fruit-bearing vegetables (e.g., melons); flower vegetables (e.g., cauliflowers); root, bulb and tuberous vegetables (e.g., onion); leguminous vegetables (e.g., green peas); other vegetables (e.g., green maize and mushrooms)." vegetable food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. botanical fruit food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=request&amp;uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/1115 http://oek1.fao.org/skosmos/agrovoc/en/page/c_3119 http://www.fao.org/pollination/resources/glossary/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit A one-celled fruit (pod) usually dehiscing down both sutures, and having the seed attached along a ventral suture. (Roubik 1995) legume legume food product A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. Regarding American regulatory aspects of egg products, see this summary: https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/03/crazy-us-chicken-egg-regulation-graphic-000077 egg food product A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. Wikipedia:Egg_%28food%29 A hen egg food product is any food product consisting mainly of hen eggs or derivatives. hen egg food product A food product from a category of domestic birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers including fowl such as chickens, turkeys, and waterfowls such as domestic ducks and geese and other meat birds such as pigeons and doves and games birds including pheasants. A food product that is derived from some poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z poultry food product shellfish food product A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 food fermentation Hoi-dong is fermented sea mussel hoi-dong Fermented meat product is any product made primarily of meat subjected to a fermentation process. fermented meat product An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar. alcoholic beverage animal based refined or partially-refined food product animal fat or oil refined food product A bean vegetable food product is a human or animal food product - such as a snap, shell or dry bean product - derived from the fruit pod, seed, or leaf of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. bean food product A broad bean food product is a product derived from the broad bean plant. broad bean food product broccoli food product brussels sprout food product cabbage juice food product A cabbage vegetable food product is a food product derived from the head or leaf portion of a cabbage plant. 2019-06-27T13:30:10Z cabbage head food product A food product that derives from a cauliflower plant. cauliflower food product cephalopod food product A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component. food product component cloves clove food product vegetable corn food product cow milk based food product crustacean food product Damion Dooley's note: This category was created to organize SIREN inspired food products. It will probably get merged with the upper level 'dietary supplement' food product type items. dietary or therapeutic formulation food product fermented cereal beverage A product made from the North American term for maize (Zea mays) grown for livestock fodder (silage), ethanol, cereal and processed food products. The principal field corn varieties are dent corn, flint corn, flour corn (also known as soft corn) which includes blue corn (Zea mays amylacea), and waxy corn. dry corn food product dry corn field corn food product field corn sweetener product fish refined food product food flavoring or seasoning product food supplement food product fruit based alcoholic beverage gluten refined food product grain based alcoholic beverage human milk based food product barley malt beverage mollusk food product mollusc food product A food product that is derived from some mussel. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z mussel food product nonalcoholic beverage A food product having peanuts as an ingredient. 2019-06-19T22:56:38Z SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 peanut food product plant based refined or partially-refined food product An edible plant fat or oil product with characteristics that consumers desire such as bland flavour and odour, clear appearance, light colour, stability to oxidation and suitability for frying, and which is the result of a refining process that removes free fatty acids. plant fat or oil refined food product plant floret vegetable food product A plant fruit food product which is labeled (in common language or by regulation) as a vegetable food product. plant fruit as vegetable food product plant head vegetable food product food product by consumer group plant seed vegetable food product A food product deriving from a plant stem or spear part. plant stem or spear food product plant sweetener organ meat product poultry fat or oil refined food product A food product deriving from one or more pumpkins. pumpkin food product rape fat or oil refined food product rapeseed food product refined or partially-refined food product sesame food product soybean refined food product soybean seed (field) food product A soybean food product is a product derived from the soybean plant. soy product soybean food product A food product deriving from one or more squashes. squash food product sugar based cacao food product sugar cane refined or partially-refined food product sunflower food product sweetener food product vitamin and mineral food supplement food product vitamin as food supplement food product A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition) food product by meal type A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. food product by organism Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience food foodstuff nourishment sustenance This class is the top of FOODON's main food product hierarchy which is described in the https://www.foodon.org website, and can be searched in lookup services like https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ food material A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 food transformation process Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. invertebrate animal Food material which has been categorized by a characteristic such as granularity or temperature. This term was renamed from "food product by quality" to align better with COB "characteristic" label, and as well to disambiguate from other use of "quality" as a food grading. This term is useful for tasks like food inspection where little prior knowledge of how the food came to be is available. Some terms like "food (frozen)" are both a quality descriptor and the output of a process. food material by characteristic A physical object quality which describes a characteristic of some food material. food material characteristic A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. 2019-01-23T22:40:32Z multi-ingredient The definition of this is being discussed in issue: https://github.com/FoodOntology/foodon/issues/57 Namely, how to characterize the threshold of ingredients that make for multi-component classification? Salt, pepper, spices wouldn't normally make a food multi-component? multi-component food product Dairy cattle are a type of cattle bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. This class covers both male and female members of a dairy breed. 2019-01-26T22:49:27Z dairy cattle Taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus), also called European cattle, are a subspecies of domesticated cattle originating in the Near East. Both taurine cattle and indicine cattle (zebus) are descended from the aurochs. Taurine cattle were originally considered a distinct species, but are now typically grouped with zebus and aurochs into one species, Bos taurus. Most modern breeds of cattle are taurine cattle. 2019-01-28T02:41:04Z taurine cattle An aquatic invertebrate may live entirely beneath the water, or may live upon its surface or on the plants surrounding it. Some breathe air, others breathe water. To move, they may walk, swim, float, skate, fly or glide on their bellies—or they may not move much at all. 2019-04-29T19:23:38Z aquatic invertebrate 2019-05-21T22:37:06Z Aves avian bird avian animal A food product organized by the process which it results from. 2019-05-23T23:02:07Z food product by process A lipid food product is a food product made primarily of plant or animal fat or oil 2019-06-11T09:18:41Z fats and oils oils and fats lipid food product A piece of chicken skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-06-27T06:16:00Z piece of chicken skin A whole animal liver that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-06-27T21:53:27Z chicken liver A raw lung that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-06-27T23:26:24Z bofe cow lung cow lung (raw) paru Cow lung is used in various cuisines and as a source for pulmonary surfactants. In Peru it is known as bofe. In Southeast Asia, Nasi kuning can be made with cow lung. Paru goreng is fried cow lung Padang food. It is a type of offal. In Indonesia, cow's lung is called paru [wikipedia]. beef lung (raw) A whole drumstick that is obtained from a chicken. The segment of a chicken's leg between the thigh and tarsus (ankle). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-06-28T00:09:13Z chicken drumstick A seed of a bean plant from one of several genera of the flowering plant family (Fabaceae). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2020-10-14T07:28:59 bean bean 2019-07-10T00:16:38Z vetch food product A seed of a vetch plant. 2019-07-10T01:33:15Z vetch seed vetch seed 2019-07-12T17:18:31Z pea food product 2019-07-16T15:15:04Z broad bean (raw) A liver food product is a food product that derives from one or more liver organs. 2019-08-02T18:22:37Z liver food product 2019-08-02T18:27:53Z kidney food product A lung food product is a food product that derivers from one or more mammalian lungs. 2019-08-02T19:13:58Z lung food product A whole raw lung is a whole lung organ obtained from an animal during a butchery process. 2019-08-03T16:30:59Z lung (raw) A fish steak, alternatively known as a fish cutlet, is a cut of fish which is cut perpendicular to the spine and can either include the bones or be boneless. 2019-08-12T23:41:29Z fish cutlet fish steak A whole animal. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-08-14T18:02:36Z A whole animal can be dead or alive, but its body must be relatively intact. An organism which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. animal A leaf of a plant that is used for flavoring. The leaves, flowers, or stems of plants, typically excluding vegetables, used for flavoring or as a garnish. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2019-08-24T15:26:51Z 2023-08-16T10:14:35Z herb food product 2019-08-24T15:43:48Z saffron saffron food product One or more piece of chickens. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-08-26T20:50:24Z piece(s) of chicken A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet). 2019-09-11T21:12:43Z vegetarian food vegetarian food product A seed of a peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 peanut peanut A sexually mature female bird. 2019-11-15T20:12:48Z hen 2020-01-08T00:20:27Z echinoderm food product A chicken thigh that contains skin. A chicken thigh that still contains the skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9135 2020-04-01T06:49:46Z chicken thigh (with skin) A skinless chicken thigh. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2020-04-01T06:52:04Z chicken thigh (skinless) A genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. bok choy vegetable food product bomdong vegetable food product broccolini vegetable food product choy sum vegetable food product collard greens vegetable food product gai lan vegetable food product komatsuna vegetable food product mizuna vegetable food product rutabaga vegetable food product savoy cabbage vegetable food product tatsoi vegetable food product cole crop vegetable food product cruciferous vegetable food product brassica food product A chicken thigh that contains skin and bone material. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2020-06-19T14:23:32Z chicken thigh (with skin, with bone) 2020-09-09T19:28:43Z Maize plant A whole drumstick that is obtained from a poultry. The calf part of a poultry hindleg (hindlimb zeugopod). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2020-10-15T19:48:20Z drumstick poultry drumstick An orange-yellow pepo fruit of a pumpkin plant. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2020-10-14T01:29:01 pumpkin pumpkin A pepo fruit varietal of a squash plant (Cucurbita). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2020-10-20T12:01:59 squash squash A seed of a sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus) 2020-11-30T04:49:32 sunflower seed sunflower seed (whole kernel) An anatomical part of a plant that is consumed by humans or other animals as food. 2021-02-12T18:49:32 vegetable A pepo fruit of a winter squash plant harvested in the fall. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-6306 2021-07-22T17:39:12 winter squash winter squash One or more raw pieces of chicken meat. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2022-06-23T19:35:14Z piece(s) of chicken meat (raw) A food product that is derived from some animal. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal food product A whole poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-0788 2022-08-25T10:01:00Z An organism which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. poultry A piece or pieces or amount of substance derived from one or more organisms. 2023-03-02T22:30:19Z organism piece A severed part of an animal that is not a body substance. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal One or more piece of animals. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal A characteristic of an animal, plant, fungi or algae, or a substantial piece thereof, which has not had material processing done to it that affects its biochemical composition. 2023-06-18T09:30:05Z raw A whole animal heart that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-06-20T05:55:31Z cow heart beef heart A raw heart that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-06-20T05:56:12Z cow heart (raw) raw beef heart beef heart (raw) An animal organ that derives from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-07-13T04:53:21Z animal organ A whole raw fish. 2023-10-05T21:38:04Z fish (raw) A severed part of a beef that is not a body substance. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-12-15T19:38:18Z piece of cow piece of cow One or more piece of cows. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-12-15T22:55:22Z piece(s) of cow A whole foot that derives from a cow. 2024-02-02T00:31:51Z cow trotter cow foot A raw winter squash. winter squash (raw) A raw sesame seed. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-02788 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9745 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-3805 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 sesame seed (raw) A piece of animal meat that is derived from cow. piece of beef A piece of boneless beef. piece of beef (boneless) A piece of beef that contains bone material. piece of beef (with bone) A raw piece of beef that contains bone material. piece of beef (with bone, raw) One or more pieces of beef. piece(s) of beef One or more raw pieces of beef. piece(s) of beef (raw) One or more pieces of boneless beef. piece(s) of beef (boneless) Material which is produced by an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z This includes things like eggs and milk. animal substance An egg which is produced by an oviperous animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal egg A raw animal egg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal egg (raw) An animal shelled egg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal shelled egg A raw animal shelled egg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal egg (shell on, raw) Milk which is produced by animal lactation. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal milk Raw animal milk. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal milk (raw) Blood from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal blood Raw animal blood. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal blood (raw) A raw piece of animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal (raw) A piece of animal that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal (with skin) A piece of animal that is skinless. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal (skinless) A piece of animal that contains the skin and is raw. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal (with skin, raw) A raw skinless piece of animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal (skinless, raw) A muscle tissue cut that is derived from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal muscle tissue cut Fat derived from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal fat Raw animal fat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal fat (raw) A whole animal heart that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal heart A whole animal brain that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal brain A whole animal kidney that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal kidney A whole animal liver that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal liver A whole animal spleen that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal spleen A whole animal lung that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal lung A whole animal tongue that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal tongue A whole animal rectum that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal rectum A whole animal thymus that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thymus A whole animal pancreas that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal pancreas A whole animal ovary that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal ovary A whole animal testicle that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal testis animal testicle A whole animal stomach that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal stomach A whole animal ear that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal ear A whole animal small intestine that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal small intestine A raw animal organ that is obtained from an animal during a butchery process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal organ (raw) A raw heart that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z raw animal heart animal heart (raw) A raw brain that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal brain (raw) A raw kidney that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal kidney (raw) A raw liver that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal liver (raw) A raw spleen that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal spleen (raw) A raw lung that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal lung (raw) A raw tongue that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal tongue (raw) A raw thymus that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thymus (raw) A raw pancreas that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal pancreas (raw) A raw ovary that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal ovary (raw) A raw testicle that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal testicle (raw) A raw stomach that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal stomach (raw) A raw ear that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal ear (raw) A raw small intestine that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal small intestine (raw) A piece of organ that derives from an animal organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal organ A piece of animal skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal skin A piece of an animal heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal heart piece of animal heart A piece of an animal brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal brain A piece of an animal kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal kidney A piece of an animal liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal liver A piece of an animal spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal spleen A piece of an animal lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal lung A piece of an animal tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal tongue A piece of an animal thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal thymus A piece of an animal pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal pancreas A piece of an animal ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal ovary A piece of an animal testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal testicle A piece of an animal stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal stomach A piece of an animal ear. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal ear A raw piece of an animal organ. A raw piece of animal organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal organ (raw) A raw piece of animal skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal skin (raw) A raw piece of an animal brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal brain (raw) A raw piece of an animal kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal kidney (raw) A raw piece of an animal liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal liver (raw) A raw piece of an animal spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal spleen (raw) A raw piece of an animal lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal lung (raw) A raw piece of an animal tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal tongue (raw) A raw piece of an animal thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal thymus (raw) A raw piece of an animal pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal pancreas (raw) A raw piece of an animal ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal ovary (raw) A raw piece of an animal testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal testicle (raw) A raw piece of an animal stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal stomach (raw) A raw piece of an animal ear. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal ear (raw) A piece of meat that is derived from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal meat Damion Dooley Feb 6, 2017: Good meat cut resources to incorporate for Canada: The CFIA Meat Cuts Manual http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/labelling/meat-cuts/eng/1300126276015/1300126372856 piece of animal meat A raw piece of animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z raw animal meat piece of animal meat (raw) A piece of skinless animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal meat (skinless) A raw piece of skinless animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal meat (skinless, raw) A piece of animal meat that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal meat (with skin) A raw piece of animal meat that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal meat (with skin, raw) A piece of boneless animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z boneless animal meat piece of animal meat (boneless) A piece of animal meat that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal meat (with bone) A raw piece of animal meat that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal meat (with bone, raw) A whole thigh that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thigh A whole drumstick that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal drumstick A whole foot that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal foot A whole neck that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal neck A whole back that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal back A whole leg that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal leg A whole oviduct that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal oviduct A whole trachea that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal trachea A whole raw thigh that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thigh (raw) A whole raw animal drumstick. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal drumstick (raw) A whole raw animal foot. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal foot (raw) A whole raw animal neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal neck (raw) A whole raw animal back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal back (raw) A whole raw animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal leg (raw) A whole raw animal oviduct. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal oviduct (raw) A whole raw animal trachea. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal trachea (raw) A skinless animal thigh. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thigh (skinless) A skinless animal thigh that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thigh (skinless, with bone) An animal thigh that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thigh (with skin) An animal thigh that contains skin and bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal thigh (with skin, with bone) A piece of an animal neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal neck A piece of an animal back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal back A piece of an animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal leg A raw piece of an animal neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal neck (raw) A raw piece of an animal back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal back (raw) A raw piece of an animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal leg (raw) A piece of animal leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal leg (with skin) A raw piece of animal leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal leg (with skin, raw) A piece of skinless animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal leg (skinless) A raw piece of skinless animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal leg (skinless, raw) A piece of skinless animal back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal back (skinless) A raw piece of skinless animal back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal back (skinless, raw) A piece of animal back that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal back (with skin) A raw piece of animal back that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal back (with skin, raw) A piece of animal neck that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal neck (with skin) A raw piece of animal neck that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal neck (with skin, raw) A piece of skinless animal neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal neck (skinless) A raw piece of skinless animal neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece of animal neck (skinless, raw) One or more pieces of animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal meat animal meat piece(s) of animal meat One or more raw pieces of animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal meat (raw) One or more pieces of animal meat that contain skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal meat (with skin) One or more pieces of skinless animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal meat (skinless) One or more raw pieces of skinless animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal meat (skinless, raw) One or more raw pieces of animal meat that contain skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal meat (with skin, raw) One or more pieces of boneless animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal meat (boneless) One or more pieces of animal organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal organ piece(s) piece(s) of animal organ One or more pieces of animal skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal skin piece(s) piece(s) of animal skin One or more pieces of animal heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal heart piece(s) piece(s) of animal heart One or more pieces of animal brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal brain piece(s) piece(s) of animal brain One or more pieces of animal kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal kidney piece(s) piece(s) of animal kidney One or more pieces of animal liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal liver piece(s) piece(s) of animal liver One or more pieces of animal spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal spleen piece(s) piece(s) of animal spleen One or more pieces of animal lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal lung piece(s) piece(s) of animal lung One or more pieces of animal tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal tongue piece(s) piece(s) of animal tongue One or more pieces of animal thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal thymus piece(s) piece(s) of animal thymus One or more pieces of animal pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal pancreas piece(s) piece(s) of animal pancreas One or more pieces of animal ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal ovary piece(s) piece(s) of animal ovary One or more pieces of animal testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal testicle piece(s) piece(s) of animal testicle One or more pieces of animal stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal stomach piece(s) piece(s) of animal stomach One or more pieces of animal ear. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal ear piece(s) piece(s) of animal ear One or more raw pieces of animal organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal organ (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal skin (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal heart (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal brain (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal kidney (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal liver (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal spleen (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal lung (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal tongue (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal thymus (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal pancreas (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal ovary (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal testicle (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal stomach (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal ear. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal ear (raw) One or more pieces of animal neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal neck piece(s) piece(s) of animal neck One or more pieces of animal back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal back piece(s) piece(s) of animal back One or more pieces of animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z collection of animal leg piece(s) piece(s) of animal leg One or more raw pieces of animal neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal neck (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal back (raw) One or more raw pieces of animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal leg (raw) A raw rectum that is obtained from an animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal rectum (raw) A raw piece of an animal heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z raw animal heart piece of animal heart (raw) A raw piece of boneless animal meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of animal meat (boneless, raw) A raw skinless animal thigh. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal thigh (skinless, raw) A skinless and boneless animal thigh. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal thigh (skinless, boneless) A raw, skinless and boneless animal thigh. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal thigh (skinless, boneless, raw) A raw animal thigh that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal thigh (with skin, raw) A skinless animal drumstick. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal drumstick (skinless) A raw skinless animal drumstick. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal drumstick (skinless, raw) An animal drumstick that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal drumstick (with skin) A raw animal drumstick that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal drumstick (with skin, raw) A skinless animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal leg (skinless) A raw skinless animal leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal leg (skinless, raw) An animal leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal leg (with skin) A raw animal leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z animal leg (with skin, raw) A material that derives from some avian. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z This branch isn't necessarily food material avian material A whole avian. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z An organism which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. avian A material that derives from some chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z This branch isn't necessarily food material chicken material Material which is produced by a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken substance A raw chicken egg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken egg (raw) A chicken shelled egg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken shelled egg A raw chicken shelled egg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken egg (shell on, raw) Blood from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken blood Raw chicken blood. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken blood (raw) A severed part of a chicken that is not a body substance. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken A piece of chicken that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken (with skin) A piece of chicken that is skinless. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken (skinless) A piece of chicken that contains the skin and is raw. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken (with skin, raw) A raw skinless piece of chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken (skinless, raw) Raw chicken fat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken fat (raw) An animal organ that derives from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken organ A whole animal heart that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken heart A whole animal brain that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken brain A whole animal kidney that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken kidney A whole animal spleen that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken spleen A whole animal tongue that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken tongue A raw animal organ that is obtained from a chicken during a butchery process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken organ (raw) A raw brain that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken brain (raw) A raw kidney that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken kidney (raw) A raw spleen that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken spleen (raw) A raw tongue that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken tongue (raw) A piece of organ that derives from a chicken organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken organ A piece of a chicken heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken heart piece of chicken heart A piece of a chicken brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken brain A piece of a chicken kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken kidney A piece of a chicken liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken liver A piece of a chicken spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken spleen A piece of a chicken tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken tongue A raw piece of a chicken organ. A raw piece of chicken organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken organ (raw) A raw piece of a chicken heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z raw chicken heart piece of chicken heart (raw) A raw piece of a chicken brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken brain (raw) A raw piece of a chicken kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken kidney (raw) A raw piece of a chicken liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken liver (raw) A raw piece of a chicken spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken spleen (raw) A raw piece of a chicken tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken tongue (raw) A piece of meat that is derived from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken meat piece of chicken meat A raw piece of chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z raw chicken meat piece of chicken meat (raw) A piece of skinless chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken meat (skinless) A raw piece of skinless chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken meat (skinless, raw) A piece of chicken meat that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken meat (with skin) A raw piece of chicken meat that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken meat (with skin, raw) A piece of boneless chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z boneless chicken meat piece of chicken meat (boneless) A piece of chicken meat that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken meat (with bone) A raw piece of chicken meat that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken meat (with bone, raw) A whole thigh that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken thigh A whole foot that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken foot A whole neck that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken neck A whole back that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken back A whole leg that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken leg A whole raw chicken drumstick. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken drumstick (raw) A whole raw chicken foot. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken foot (raw) A raw skinless chicken thigh. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken thigh (skinless, raw) A skinless chicken thigh that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken thigh (skinless, with bone) A skinless and boneless chicken thigh. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken thigh (skinless, boneless) A raw, skinless and boneless chicken thigh. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken thigh (skinless, boneless, raw) A raw chicken thigh that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken thigh (with skin, raw) A skinless chicken drumstick. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken drumstick (skinless) A raw skinless chicken drumstick. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken drumstick (skinless, raw) A chicken drumstick that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken drumstick (with skin) A raw chicken drumstick that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken drumstick (with skin, raw) A skinless chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken leg (skinless) A raw skinless chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken leg (skinless, raw) A chicken leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken leg (with skin) A raw chicken leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken leg (with skin, raw) A piece of a chicken neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken neck A piece of a chicken back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken back A piece of a chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken leg A raw piece of a chicken neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken neck (raw) A raw piece of a chicken back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken back (raw) A raw piece of a chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken leg (raw) A piece of chicken leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken leg (with skin) A raw piece of chicken leg that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken leg (with skin, raw) A piece of skinless chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken leg (skinless) A raw piece of skinless chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken leg (skinless, raw) A piece of skinless chicken back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken back (skinless) A raw piece of skinless chicken back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken back (skinless, raw) A piece of chicken back that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken back (with skin) A raw piece of chicken back that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken back (with skin, raw) A piece of chicken neck that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken neck (with skin) A raw piece of chicken neck that contains skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken neck (with skin, raw) A piece of skinless chicken neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken neck (skinless) A raw piece of skinless chicken neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of chicken neck (skinless, raw) One or more pieces of chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z chicken meat piece(s) of chicken meat One or more pieces of chicken meat that contain skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken meat (with skin) One or more pieces of skinless chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken meat (skinless) One or more raw pieces of skinless chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken meat (skinless, raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken meat that contain skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken meat (with skin, raw) One or more pieces of boneless chicken meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken meat (boneless) One or more pieces of chicken organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken organ piece(s) piece(s) of chicken organ One or more pieces of chicken skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken skin piece(s) piece(s) of chicken skin One or more pieces of chicken heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken heart piece(s) piece(s) of chicken heart One or more pieces of chicken brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken brain piece(s) piece(s) of chicken brain One or more pieces of chicken kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken kidney piece(s) piece(s) of chicken kidney One or more pieces of chicken liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken liver piece(s) piece(s) of chicken liver One or more pieces of chicken spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken spleen piece(s) piece(s) of chicken spleen One or more pieces of chicken tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken tongue piece(s) piece(s) of chicken tongue One or more raw pieces of chicken organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken organ (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken skin (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken heart (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken brain (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken kidney (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken liver (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken spleen (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken tongue (raw) One or more pieces of chicken neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken neck piece(s) piece(s) of chicken neck One or more pieces of chicken back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken back piece(s) piece(s) of chicken back One or more pieces of chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z collection of chicken leg piece(s) piece(s) of chicken leg One or more raw pieces of chicken neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken neck (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken back (raw) One or more raw pieces of chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of chicken leg (raw) A material that derives from some poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z This branch isn't necessarily food material poultry material A severed part of a poultry that is not a body substance. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of poultry A raw piece of poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of poultry (raw) A raw piece of poultry meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z raw poultry meat piece of poultry meat (raw) A piece of boneless poultry meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z boneless poultry meat piece of poultry meat (boneless) A piece of poultry meat that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of poultry meat (with bone) A raw piece of poultry meat that contains bone material. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of poultry meat (with bone, raw) A whole raw poultry drumstick. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z poultry drumstick (raw) A whole raw poultry foot. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z poultry foot (raw) A whole raw poultry neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z poultry neck (raw) A whole raw poultry leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z poultry leg (raw) One or more piece of poultrys. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of poultry One or more pieces of poultry meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z poultry meat piece(s) of poultry meat One or more pieces of boneless poultry meat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of poultry meat (boneless) A material that derives from some mussel. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z This branch isn't necessarily food material mussel material A material that derives from some cow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z This branch isn't necessarily food material cow material Material which is produced by a cow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow substance Milk which is produced by cow lactation. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow milk A whole cow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z An organism which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. cow A raw piece of beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow (raw) piece of cow (raw) Raw beef fat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow fat (raw) beef fat (raw) An animal organ that derives from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow organ beef organ A whole animal brain that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow brain beef brain A whole animal kidney that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow kidney beef kidney A whole animal liver that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow liver beef liver A whole animal spleen that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow spleen beef spleen A whole animal lung that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow lung beef lung A whole animal tongue that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow tongue beef tongue A whole animal thymus that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow thymus beef thymus A whole animal pancreas that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow pancreas beef pancreas A whole animal testicle that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z beef testis cow testicle beef testicle A whole animal stomach that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow stomach beef stomach A raw animal organ that is obtained from a beef during a butchery process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow organ (raw) beef organ (raw) A raw brain that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow brain (raw) beef brain (raw) A raw spleen that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow spleen (raw) beef spleen (raw) A raw thymus that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow thymus (raw) beef thymus (raw) A raw pancreas that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow pancreas (raw) beef pancreas (raw) A raw testicle that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow testicle (raw) beef testicle (raw) A raw stomach that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z cow stomach (raw) beef stomach (raw) A piece of organ that derives from a beef organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow organ piece of beef organ A piece of a beef heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z beef heart piece of cow heart piece of beef heart A piece of a beef brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow brain piece of beef brain A piece of a beef kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow kidney piece of beef kidney A piece of a beef liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow liver piece of beef liver A piece of a beef spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow spleen piece of beef spleen A piece of a beef lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow lung piece of beef lung A piece of a beef tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow tongue piece of beef tongue A piece of a beef thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow thymus piece of beef thymus A piece of a beef pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow pancreas piece of beef pancreas A piece of a beef testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow testicle piece of beef testicle A piece of a beef stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow stomach piece of beef stomach A raw piece of a beef heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z raw beef heart piece of cow heart (raw) piece of beef heart (raw) A raw piece of a beef brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow brain (raw) piece of beef brain (raw) A raw piece of a beef kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow kidney (raw) piece of beef kidney (raw) A raw piece of a beef liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow liver (raw) piece of beef liver (raw) A raw piece of a beef spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow spleen (raw) piece of beef spleen (raw) A raw piece of a beef lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow lung (raw) piece of beef lung (raw) A raw piece of a beef tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow tongue (raw) piece of beef tongue (raw) A raw piece of a beef thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow thymus (raw) piece of beef thymus (raw) A raw piece of a beef pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow pancreas (raw) piece of beef pancreas (raw) A raw piece of a beef testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow testicle (raw) piece of beef testicle (raw) A raw piece of a beef stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece of cow stomach (raw) piece of beef stomach (raw) One or more pieces of beef organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow organ collection of beef organ piece(s) piece(s) of beef organ One or more pieces of beef heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow heart collection of beef heart piece(s) piece(s) of beef heart One or more pieces of beef brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow brain collection of beef brain piece(s) piece(s) of beef brain One or more pieces of beef kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow kidney collection of beef kidney piece(s) piece(s) of beef kidney One or more pieces of beef liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow liver collection of beef liver piece(s) piece(s) of beef liver One or more pieces of beef spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow spleen collection of beef spleen piece(s) piece(s) of beef spleen One or more pieces of beef lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow lung collection of beef lung piece(s) piece(s) of beef lung One or more pieces of beef tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow tongue collection of beef tongue piece(s) piece(s) of beef tongue One or more pieces of beef thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow thymus collection of beef thymus piece(s) piece(s) of beef thymus One or more pieces of beef pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow pancreas collection of beef pancreas piece(s) piece(s) of beef pancreas One or more pieces of beef testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow testicle collection of beef testicle piece(s) piece(s) of beef testicle One or more pieces of beef stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow stomach collection of beef stomach piece(s) piece(s) of beef stomach One or more raw pieces of beef organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow organ (raw) piece(s) of beef organ (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow heart (raw) piece(s) of beef heart (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow brain (raw) piece(s) of beef brain (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow kidney (raw) piece(s) of beef kidney (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef liver. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow liver (raw) piece(s) of beef liver (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef spleen. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow spleen (raw) piece(s) of beef spleen (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow lung (raw) piece(s) of beef lung (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef tongue. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow tongue (raw) piece(s) of beef tongue (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef thymus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow thymus (raw) piece(s) of beef thymus (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef pancreas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow pancreas (raw) piece(s) of beef pancreas (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef testicle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow testicle (raw) piece(s) of beef testicle (raw) One or more raw pieces of beef stomach. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z piece(s) of cow stomach (raw) piece(s) of beef stomach (raw) A whole raw shell-off hen egg is the egg yolk and egg white obtained from a cracked egg. SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * whole egg FOODON:03420274 hen egg (shell off, raw) SIREN DB annotation: * part of animal FOODON:03420164 fish (whole or pieces) A raw liver that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * liver UBERON:0002107 chicken liver (raw) A seed of a broad bean plant (Vicia faba). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Windsor bean broad bean broadbean faba bean fava bean Horse bean field bean tic bean tick bean broad bean fructose food product fresh bean SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 bean (raw) A seed of a soyabean plant (Glycine max). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 soy bean soya bean soybean soybean SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 * part of plant FOODON:03420174 vegetable juice food product A bean substance is a substance made by processing seed from a bean plant. SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 bean (whole or pieces) SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * germinated or sprouted seed FOODON:03420102 * flavoring, spice or herb added, natural FOODON:03460229 * alcohol fermentation process FOODON:03460232 * carbonated by fermentation FOODON:03460246 * preservation by filtration FOODON:03470121 barley malt beer beverage A liquid prepared for consumption, or a product that can be combined with water or milk to make one. 2019-09-12T00:00:00 beverage food product SIREN DB annotation: * part of animal FOODON:03420164 animal-derived food SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * part of plant FOODON:03420174 vegetable (raw) Fat derived from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z cow fat SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * fat trimmings FOODON:03420253 beef fat milk cow milk SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * milk (mammary secretion) UBERON:0001913 cow milk (liquid) soy beverage SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 soybean beverage A raw liver that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z cow liver (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * liver UBERON:0002107 beef liver (raw) A raw piece of chicken skin. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * skin of body UBERON:0002097 piece of chicken skin (raw) A raw heart that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z raw chicken heart SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * meat color, undesignated or unknown (deprecated) FOODON:03530003 * heart UBERON:0000948 chicken heart (raw) A whole raw chicken back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * dark meat FOODON:03530002 * skeletal meat part, with bone, with skin FOODON:03420265 chicken back (raw) A food product derived from a spice. SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * part of plant FOODON:03420174 spice food product SIREN DB annotation: * whole, shape achieved by forming FOODON:03430147 * fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014 * ingredient: sucrose CHEBI:17992 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 * ingredient: flavoring or spice extract or concentrate added FOODON:03460100 * ingredient: chocolate or cocoa added FOODON:03460231 * ingredient: vegetable fat or oil added FOODON:03460263 dark chocolate Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female. SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * milk (mammary secretion) UBERON:0001913 human milk (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 edible seed food product SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * shelled egg UBERON:0007379 hen egg (shell on, raw) fruit SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * fruit part FOODON:03420167 fruit (raw) sunflower seed SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 pumpkin seed (shell off) A whole soybean or some substance made from a processed soybean. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 soybean SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 soybean (whole or pieces) A whole raw chicken neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * dark meat FOODON:03530002 * skeletal meat part, with bone or shell FOODON:03420243 chicken neck (raw) Fat derived from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * fat trimmings FOODON:03420253 chicken fat SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with small particles FOODON:03430121 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal FOODON:03420228 sugar cane juice (pure) SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139 * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 fish oil Blood from a cow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * semiliquid FOODON:03430103 * blood UBERON:0000178 cow blood SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * skeletal meat part FOODON:03420175 meat (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * surrounded by 'can, bottle or jar' FOODON:03490194 * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 * rehydration process FOODON:03460259 * sterilization by heating FOODON:03470123 peas (rehydrated, canned) A whole raw cow foot. SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * foot (meat cut) FOODON:03530041 * animal body or body part FOODON:03420127 cow foot (raw) Raw cow milk. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z raw milk milk SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * milk (mammary secretion) UBERON:0001913 * not pasteurized claim or use FOODON:03510121 cow milk (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * sliced FOODON:03430137 * skeletal meat part FOODON:03420175 fish (portion cut) fish cutlet (raw) raw fish cutlet raw fish steak SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * skeletal meat part FOODON:03420175 fish steak (raw) A whole raw liver is a whole liver organ obtained from an animal during a butchery process. liver SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * liver UBERON:0002107 liver (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 fermented bean product canola meal SIREN DB annotation: * medium ground FOODON:03430117 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 * water removal process FOODON:03460138 * fat removal process FOODON:03460161 * food animal as consumer FOODON:03510015 rapeseed meal A whole raw thigh that is obtained from a chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * dark meat FOODON:03530002 * thigh (poultry meat cut) FOODON:03530160 * skeletal meat part, with bone, with skin FOODON:03420265 chicken thigh (raw) A seed of a sesame plant (Sesamum indicum). sesame SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 sesame seed SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139 * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 oil SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139 * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 * food bleaching process FOODON:03460197 rapeseed oil A raw kidney that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z cow kidney (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * kidney UBERON:0002113 beef kidney (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * meat color, undesignated or unknown (deprecated) FOODON:03530003 * skeletal meat part FOODON:03420175 poultry (whole or pieces) A seed of a legume plant in the family Fabaceae. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2020-10-21T09:28:28 SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 legume SIREN DB annotation: * whole, shape achieved by forming FOODON:03430147 * ingredient: nutrient or dietary substance added FOODON:03460194 * dietary claim or use FOODON:03510023 vitamin supplement, prenatal SIREN DB annotation: * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 animal fat food product A whole raw kidney is a kidney obtained from an animal during a butchery process. kidney SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * kidney UBERON:0002113 kidney (raw) A raw tongue that is obtained from a beef. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z cow tongue (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * tongue UBERON:0001723 beef tongue (raw) A food product that has not been cooked. SIREN DB annotation: * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 food (raw) processed food product A whole raw chicken leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * dark meat FOODON:03530002 * leg (poultry meat cut) FOODON:03530159 * skeletal meat part, with bone, with skin FOODON:03420265 chicken leg (raw) A raw piece of chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * skeletal meat part, with bone, with skin FOODON:03420265 piece of chicken (raw) SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139 * high fructose syrup FOODON:03420272 corn syrup (high fructose) SIREN DB annotation: * ingredient: nutrient or dietary substance added FOODON:03460194 multivitamin preparation A fish product is a home-made or commercially produced or retail or wholesale product containing substantial amounts of freshwater or saltwater fish and/or shellfish flesh. Note that this category should avoid items that mention a particular species of fish or shellfish. SIREN DB annotation: * skeletal meat part FOODON:03420175 fish product (unspecified species) A whole vegetable or some substance made from a processed vegetable. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2022-04-13T09:20:12Z vegetable vegetable (whole or pieces) juice juice beverage Raw cow blood. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * blood UBERON:0000178 beef blood (raw) cow blood (raw) A piece of meat that is derived from a poultry. Meat from a poultry bird. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z poultry meat SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * meat part of animal FOODON:03420103 piece of poultry meat Fat derived from a poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z SIREN DB annotation: * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 poultry fat An egg produced by a chicken hen. An egg which is produced by an oviperous chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z egg chicken egg hen egg This term is ambiguous about whether shell remains on egg or not, i.e. this encompasses both an uncooked egg in shell, or a boiled peeled egg, or a fried egg. SIREN DB annotation: * whole egg FOODON:03420274 chicken egg hen egg SIREN DB annotation: * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 vegetable fat food product A commercial product which is monosaccharide fructose, dried, ground, and of high purity. crystaline fructose SIREN DB annotation: * crystal FOODON:03430143 * fructose CHEBI:28757 * water removal process FOODON:03460138 * preservation by dehydration or drying FOODON:03470116 crystaline fructose A meat product is a product organized by the form of - or processing done to - its meat component (a skeletal meat part of an animal or crustacean). SIREN DB annotation: * animal body or body part FOODON:03420127 meat (whole or pieces) Liquid food prepared from fruit (21 CFR 146). Products prepared from fruit juice by thickening with pectin are indexed under *FRUIT JELLY*; those thickened with gelatin are under *FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, PRESERVE OR RELATED PRODUCT*. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0104 fruit juice or related product (us cfr) Seasoned product that contains multiple ingredients and that is used in limited amounts to accompany other foods; excludes flavors, spices and herbs. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0105 condiment, dressing, gravy or sauce gravy, condiment, dressing or sauce sauce, condiment, dressing or gravy dressing, condiment, gravy or sauce (us cfr) Beverage containing no more than 0.5% alcohol; it may be flavored, sweetened or carbonated; includes soft drinks and steeped beverages; excludes milk in all forms, fruit juices, diluted fruit juices and vegetable juices. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0112 malt beverage, nonalcoholic nonalcoholic beverage (us cfr) Aromatic or pungent plant product used whole or ground as a seasoning in food products. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0113 herb or spice spice or herb (us cfr) A substance having greater than 2% of the caloric value of sucrose per equivalent unit of sweetening capacity. For example, the amount of such subtance having the sweetening capacity of 1 teaspoon of sucrose would have more than 0.4 calories (21 CFR 170.3(o)(21)). http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0118 nutritive carbohydrate sweetener sweetener, nutritive nutritive sweetener (us cfr) Any form of whole or milled grain, prepared grain product or starch containing product derived from non-grain sources. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0125 grain or starch product (us cfr) The liquid extracted or expressed from mature fruit with or without the application of heat. Includes concentrated juice and single-strength juice. If the single-strength juice is prepared from concentrate, then *WATER ADDED* should be used. Carbonated fruit juices are indexed by *FRUIT JUICE* or *FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED* and *CARBONATED* or the appropriate narrower term. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0127 juice, fruit fruit juice (us cfr) Extract, concentrate or isolate derived from a food source through one or more refining steps (see *EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR ANIMAL*) and marketed as such. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0129 refined or partially-refined food product (us cfr) Product that imparts or helps to impart a taste or aroma in food (21 CFR.170.3(n)(26). [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0133 seasoning or flavoring flavoring or seasoning (us cfr) A multiple-component food product typically containing a protein source, a vegetable, and a potato, rice or cereal-based component packaged to be served after heating, either as separate items or courses or mixed as recipe components; see 21 CFR 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 for nutritional quality guidelines. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0139 compartmentalized dinner dinner with components separated in serving containers dinner, compartmentalized food packs with separate components heat and serve dinner multiple-course dinner tv dinner multicomponent meal (us cfr) Fruit in all forms; includes fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0143 pie filling, fruit fruit or fruit product (us cfr) Milk in all forms, milk-based beverage, cultured milk product, or milk or milk product analog. Index infant formula under *MEAL REPLACEMENT*. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0148 milk or milk product (us cfr) Food product prepared by milling a grain or by producing flour, meal or grits from a non-grain source such as beans, starchy roots or tubers. Refined starch is indexed under *REFINED OR PARTIALLY REFINED FOOD PRODUCT*. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0149 milled grain or starch product (us cfr) Meat (flesh and organs including blood and bone marrow) from mammals. Used for meat in all forms including cured meat, sausage or luncheon meat and meat product analogs. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0150 meat or meat product (from mammal) (us cfr) Vegetables in all forms except where a use-related product type descriptior (such as *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT* or *SNACK FOOD*) takes precedence. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0152 vegetable or vegetable product (us cfr) Milk, a product derived from milk, or a dairy product analog; includes cheese and frozen dairy desserts. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0164 dairy product (us cfr) Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. Prepared foods often undergo several of the processes listed in *F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT* and *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*; these factors should be carefully considered in indexing. The classification of prepared food products emphasizes consumption characteristics. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0172 prepared dish prepared food product (us cfr) Food product that is usually pungent, tart, salty, or spicy and is used to enhance the flavors of other foods; includes catsup, relish, prepared mustard, prepared horseradish, and condiment sauces. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0179 relish or condiment condiment or relish (us cfr) Alcoholic beverage prepared from water, malted grain and hops (humulus) by brewing. Examples are beer, ale and malt liquor (27 CFR 7.10). http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0195 malt beverage (us cfr) Products of the flesh of animals. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0217 meat, poultry, seafood or related product (us cfr) Alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages, fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, and vegetable juices. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0229 beverage (us cfr) A product added to a food item to achieve some degree of sweet taste; it may be nutritive or nonnutritive. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0237 sweetener (us cfr) Fruits and vegetables in all forms. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0257 fruit or vegetable product (us cfr) Nuts in all forms, including nut butters and pastes. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0260 nut or nut product (us cfr) Fresh egg in shell, liquid, frozen, dried egg or egg component, or egg product analog. Includes boiled, poached, scrambled, and fried eggs. Excludes prepared egg dishes, such as omelettes. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0261 egg or egg product (us cfr) The liquid extracted or expressed from mature vegetables with or without optional ingredients such as seasoning or salt. Products prepared from vegetable juice by thickening with gelatin or pectin are indexed under the broader term *VEGETABLE OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*. For part or portion, index the part or the plant from which the juice was extracted, rather than *PLANT EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE, OR ISOLATE*. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0264 juice, vegetable vegetable juice (us cfr) Flesh from fish or shellfish. Includes seafood product analogs and seafood-based sausage or luncheon meat as well as such products as squid ink and clam juice. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0267 seafood or seafood product (us cfr) Any form of cacao, cacao product, chocolate, chocolate product or chocolate product analog except chocolate candy; includes such products as cacao beans, cacao nibs, chocolate liquor, sweet or milk chocolate, and chocolate syrup; excludes flavors and extracts derived from cacao beans and chocolate- or cacao-flavored foods (21 CFR 163). [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0272 chocolate or cacao product cacao or chocolate product (us cfr) Meat (flesh and organs including blood and bone marrow) from poultry. Used for poultry meat in all forms including poultry product analogs and poultry-based sausage or luncheon meat. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0273 poultry or poultry product (us cfr) Beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol; includes distilled spirits, malt beverage, and wine. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0278 alcoholic beverage (us cfr) Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0289 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. USA agency food product type http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0305 seed or seed product (us cfr) http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0306 nut or seed product (us cfr) http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0308 supplemental formulation (us cfr) http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0309 therapeutic formulation dietary or therapeutic formulation (us cfr) Renamed from *PRODUCT TYPE, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS* in LanguaL 2008. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0352 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. international agency food product type An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0361 This class is designed to hold 3rd party food classification schemes which are being mapped to FoodOn classes using the 'has member' relation. The two hierarchies are not melded into a subclass polyhierarchy because of possible logical inconsistencies in the agency schemes. The hierarchies of agency schemes are as true to their agency representation as possible. agency food product type Codex Alimentarius, Volume 2 - 1993, Section 2: Pesticide Residues in Food. The Codex Classification of food and animal feed commodities moving in trade and the description of the various items and groups of food and animal feedstuffs included in the present document have been developed by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. It was first adopted by the 18th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, (1989). The Codex Classification includes food commodities and animal feedstuffs for which Codex maximum residue limits will not necessarily be established. The Classification is intended to be as complete a listing of food commodities in trade as possible, classified into groups on the basis of the commodity's similar potential for pesticide residues. The Classification may also be appropriate for other purposes such as setting maximum levels for other types of residues or for other contaminants in food. The Codex Classification should be consulted in order to obtain a precise description of the food or animal feed commodities and, especially, in cases where Codex maximum residue limits have been set for groups of food and groups of animal feedstuffs. The Codex Classification is intended to promote harmonization of the terms used to describe commodities which are subject to maximum residue limits and of the approach to grouping commodities with similar potential for residue for which a common group maximum residue limit can be set. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0643 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. Codex Alimentarius classification of food and feed commodities http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0644 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. a. primary food commodities of plant origin (ccpr) Vegetables are foods derived from many different kinds of plants mostly annual and usually cultivated, commonly known by custom and tradition as "vegetables". In several countries, some of these commodities grown on large areas are distinguished as "field crops" or arable crops e.g. sugar beet. For the sake of convenience in this guide such crops are classified under Type 2 Vegetables. Exposure to pesticides is dependent on the particular part of the plant used for food and the growing practices. Vegetables may be consumed in whole or in part and in the form of fresh, dried or processed foods. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0650 02 vegetables (ccpr) Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables and flowerhead brassicas are foods derived from the leafy heads, stems and immature inflorescences of plants belonging to the genus Brassica or the family Cruciferae. Although Kohlrabi does not comply fully with the description above, for convenience and because of the similarity in residue behaviour the commodity is classified in this group. Koblrabi is a tuber-like enlargement of the stem. The edible part of the crop is partly protected from pesticides applied during the growing season by outer leaves, or skin (Kohlrabi). The entire vegetable after discarding obviously decomposed or withered leaves may be consumed. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0675 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. langual:A1270 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type Index dietary/food supplements according to legal and market definitions. SUBSET_SIREN:F15918 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A1298 food supplement nutritional supplement LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. The United States defines dietary supplements in the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). Pub L 103-417, 108 STAT. 4235, (Oct. 25, 1994): A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth that contains a "dietary ingredient" intended to supplement the diet. The "dietary ingredients" in these products may include: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandulars, and metabolites. Dietary supplements can also be extracts or concentrates, and may be found in many forms such as tablets, capsules, softgels, gelcaps, liquids, or powders. In the European Union, food supplements are framed by two kinds of regulations: - the EU vertical regulation relating to food supplements, composed with the directive 2002/46/CE (essentially for the definition of food supplements) and the regulation 1170/2009 (which lists the vitamins and minerals, and the chemical forms of the substances allowed in food supplements); - the EU transversal regulation relating to foodstuffs and especially the 2006/1924 regulation concerning nutrition and health claims, and the EU labeling transversal regulations, 90/496/EC and 2008/100/EC. The EU regulation 2002/46/CE defines food supplements as "foodstuffs the purpose of which is to supplement the normal diet and which are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect, alone or in combination, marketed in dose form, namely forms such as capsules, pastilles, tablets, pills and other similar forms, sachets of powder, ampoules of liquids, drop dispensing bottles, and other similar forms of liquids and powders designed to be taken in measured small unit quantities". [Directive 2002/46/EC] Codex Alimentarius also includes supplements containing vitamins or dietary minerals [http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/10206/cxg_055e.pdf] dietary supplement Fibre supplements (or fiber supplements) are considered to be a form of a subgroup of functional dietary fibre, and in the United States are defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). According to the IOM, functional fibre "consists of isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans". Fibre supplements are widely available, and can be found in forms such as powders, tablets and capsules. Consumption of fibre supplements may be for: improving dietary intake, lowering blood cholesterol, alleviating irritable bowel syndrome, reducing the risk of colon cancer, and increasing feelings of satiety. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_supplements] http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A1328 fiber fiber supplement fibre fibre supplement dietary supplement, fibre pea plant edible seed cultivars A vegetable having shoot or stem which can be cooked and eaten. shoot vegetable spear vegetable stem or spear vegetable plant fruit plant used as vegetable polysaccharide-producing plant sugar-producing plant plant used for producing extract or concentrate starch-producing plant oil-producing plant An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in the water for most or all of its lifetime. This is equivalent to: 'fish (food source)' or 'shellfish (food source)' or 'crustacean (food source)' or 'echinoderm (food source)' or 'coelenterate (food source)' However, this disjunction appears to be a burden on reasoners, and so this is currently not implemented. fish or lower water animal floret plant used as vegetable Any chemical or chemical mixture that exists in a food material or was added to a food material. LanguaL curation note: A chemical food component is a food substance derived from a nonliving source (e.g., salt, water or synthesized compounds). Note however that the LanguaL category includes additives which may be naturally derived, such as agar. chemical food component grain or seed-producing plant carbohydrate-producing plant vegetable-producing plant, above-ground parts Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. mammal fruit-producing plant Aquatic animals other than fish and shellfish aquatic invertebrate animal (excluding shellfish) A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family *Fabaceae* (or *Leguminosae*). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, lupin bean, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume] fabaceae pod or seed vegetable plant edible seed producing plant flavor-producing plant herb-producing plant spice or flavor-producing plant Winter squash is an annual fruit representing several squash species within the genus Cucurbita. It differs from summer squash in that it is harvested and eaten in the mature fruit stage when the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind. At this stage, most varieties of this fruit can be stored for use during the winter. curcurbita winter squash Cucurbita moschata Cucurbita pepo cucurbita maxima winter squash plant head vegetable plant A dairy cow is an adult female member of a dairy cattle breed cow domesticated cattle dairy cow squash plant nut producing plant A gill-bearing aquatic craniate animal that lacks limbs with digits. "Most fish are ectothermic ('cold-blooded'), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish fish A whole mussel. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z palaeoheterodonta pteriomorphia mytilidae An organism which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. mussel MANSFELD:10138 PLANTS:SEOR4 simsim Sesamum indicum L. Sesamum orientale L. sesamum indicum sesamum orientale sesame plant MANSFELD:36372 PLANTS:ZEMA Zea mays L. maize zea mays LanguaL curation note: Use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereals or snack foods having 'corn' as the main ingredient. Zia mays plant Rapeseed (*Brassica napus*), also known as rape, oilseed rape, charlock (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family *Brassicaceae* (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapeseed] MANSFELD:24078 brassica napus rape plant Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg. var. napus canola canola plant oilseed rape plant rapeseed plant MANSFELD:12338 Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry caryophyllus eugenia aromatica syzygium aromaticum clove plant A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. animal LanguaL curation note: For a unicellular animal, use *ALGAE OR FUNGUS USED AS FOOD SOURCE*. vertebrate animal Any grass cultivated (grown) for the edible components of its grain. grain plant MANSFELD:30744 Pisum sativum L. green pea plant lathyrus l. pisum l. pea plant Yeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom *Fungi*, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species. yeast *Vicia faba*, the Broad Bean, is a species of bean (*Fabaceae*) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally recognized: Vicia faba var. equina Pers. - Horse Bean. Although usually classified in the same genus Vicia as the vetches, some botanists treat it in a separate monotypic genus *Faba*. The term fava bean (from the Italian fava, meaning "broad bean") is usually used in English speaking countries such as the US, however the term broad bean is the most common name in the UK. vicia faba MANSFELD:30416 PLANTS:VIFA faba bean plant fava bean plant horse bean plant horsebean plant Vicia faba L. Vicia faba L. (varieties for human consumption) broad bean plant Crustaceans form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean] crustacea crustacean MANSFELD:35616 Saccharum officinarum L. saccharum officinarum sugar cane plant Field corn is maize of varieties that (in contrast with sweet corn and popcorn) are not, in the United States, grown primarily for consumption as human food in the form of fresh kernels. More than 98% of corn-growing land in the U.S. is in use for field-corn production. Principal field corn varieties are Dent corn, Flint corn, Flour corn (including blue corn (*Zea mays amylacea*), and Waxy corn. PLANTS:ZEMAM2 Zea mays L. ssp. mays Zea mays L. subsp. mays Zea mays ssp. mays L. corn, field dent corn flint corn maize podcorn zea mays var. indentata (not acc.) zea mays var. indurata (not acc.) Field corn is a general term used in North America for corn varieties other than sweet corn, popcorn, yellow food grade corn used for yellow corn meal or flour and corn starch, and white food-grade corn used for white meal or flour and corn starch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_corn LanguaL curation note: Searching note--use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereal or snack food having 'corn' as the first ingredient. field corn plant The term shellfish is used both broadly and specifically. For regulatory purposes it is often narrowly defined as filter-feeding molluscs such as clams, mussels, and oyster to the exclusion of crustaceans and all else. Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates. Covers both freshwater and saltwater organisms shellfish Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of broccolo, refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage". Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed, but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'oeuvre trays. Broccoli is classified in the *Italica* cultivar group of the species *Brassica oleracea*. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species. MANSFELD:37506 PLANTS:BROLB Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. brassica oleracea l. convar. botrytis var. italica brassica oleracea var. botrytis brassica oleracea var. italica broccoli plant field pumpkin pumpkin plant A whole chicken. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) An organism which is dead or alive and has a relatively intact body. chicken https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-0788 fjerkrae gamebird fowl game birds poultry or game bird This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups. This was LanguaL definition: Individual plant or animal from which the food product or its major ingredient is derived; also a chemical food source [FDA CFSAN 1995]. organism by alternate grouping A bean plant is one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which has seed pods, seeds, and/or leaf material used for human or animal food. bean plant vegetable-producing plant nut or edible seed producing plant MANSFELD:23884 PLANTS:BROLG Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC. Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera Zenker Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC. brassica oleracea var. gemmifera brussels sprout plant A mature female chicken (usually more than 10 months of age) with meat less tender than that of a roaster, and with a nonflexible breastbone tip. hen stewing chicken stewing hen chicken hen MANSFELD:30514 Lathyrus sativus L. tare vicia vetch plant Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds. MANSFELD:4048 Cucurbita maxima L. (Duch.) pumpkin plant cucurbita spp. pumpkin, squash or gourd squash, gourd or pumpkin plant *Mollusca* is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca] EC:No 216/2009 MOL Mollusca mollusk mollusc *Bivalvia*, in previous centuries referred to as the *Lamellibranchiata* and *Pelecypoda*, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalvia] bivalvia lamellibranchiata pelecypod pelecypoda bivalve Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum *Echinodermata* of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm] EC:No 1637/2001 ECH Echinodermata Echinodermata Klein, 1734 echinodermata echinoderm A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class *Cephalopoda* such as a squid, octopus or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod] cephalopoda cephalopod *Coelenterata* is an obsolete term encompassing the animal phyla *Cnidaria* (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their allies) and *Ctenophora* (comb jellies). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenterata] coelenterata coelenterate Damion Dooley's note: manysubclasses here are currently originating from LanguaL additives that have not yet been matched to CHEBI ontology terms. If matches are possible they will be implemented over time, at which point the corresponding FoodOn id's will be deprecated. food additive A chemical food component in liquid form. Liquid as food source liquid chemical food component Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, sweetener. Codex::420(ii) Europe::420 LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments. sorbitol syrup LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. plant by general taxa CCPR: PLANTS:BRASS2 Brassica Brassica L. Brassica sp. Brassica spp. brassica spp. brassica species The biological subfamily *Bovinae* includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium- to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoofs and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns. bovinae bovine A bovid (family *Bovidae*) is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammal which has males with characteristic unbranching horns covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle. bovidae bovid The *Cucurbitaceae*, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, the most important of which are: *Cucurbita* - squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds; *Lagenaria* - calabash, and others that are inedible; *Citrullus* - watermelon (*C. lanatus, C. colocynthis*) and others; *Cucumis* - cucumber (*C. sativus*), various melons; *Luffa* - luffa, loofah cucurbitaceae gourd/squash family Tunicates, previously known as *Urochordata* or urochordates, are members of the *Tunicata*, a subphylum of the phylum *Chordata*. They are marine filter feeders with a saclike morphology. In their respiration and feeding they take in water through an incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through an excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile and attached to rocks or similarly suitable surfaces on the ocean floor; others such as salps, doliolids and pyrosomes swim in the pelagic zone as adults. Various species are commonly known as sea squirts or sea pork. oopah sea squirt tunicata tunicate A broad term that includes the nutritive sweeteners dextrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose and sucrose, which are simple carbohydrates with molecules composed of one or two saccharide units. Note that on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means *SUCROSE* and should be so indexed. Use the broad term *SUGAR* only if the specific sugar used is not known or not listed in the vocabulary. sugar Anatomical or other part(s) or substances derived from plant or animal or fungal organisms. LanguaL curation note: "e.g. *LEAF*, *ROOT OR TUBER*, *ORGAN MEAT*, *MILK* OR *EGG*; it also includes components of parts, such as *CREAM*, and extracts, concentrates or isolates, such as *PROTEIN EXTRACT* or *SUGAR*." organism material Bone, feathers, shell, skin or trim fat. LanguaL curation note: *BLOOD* AND *INK, AQUATIC ANIMAL* are now listed under organism substance. nonmeat part of animal This class and its subclasses can be used if it is ambiguous whether the reference is being made to a whole animal or some part of it, including parts of organs rather than whole organs. LanguaL curation note: Includes carcass meat, organ meat, and nonmeat parts of animals, as well as the whole animal. animal (whole or parts) LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008. fruit, peel removed Extract, concentrate or isolate high in sugar, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. carbohydrate extract, concentrate, or isolate A material that derives from some animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z Langual note: Includes eggs and milk that, although separated from the animal, are produced as integral parts and are affected by the animal's food intake and metabolism. This branch isn't necessarily food material animal material The fleshy fruit of any plant. *FRUIT* includes vegetables berries and pods as well. The bulk of a fruit is its fleshy part, which is covered by a peel (skin) and which encloses a core, pit or seeds. berry berry or fruit (anatomical part) fruit or berry, peel undetermined hip (fruit) infructescence LanguaL curation note: The descriptors under *FRUIT* are arrayed so that the indexer can check first whether the peel is present, removed or undetermined; then check the same informationfor the core, pit or seeds. For juices, beverages or jellies made from fruit, Index the entire part from which the product is derived. Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY* in LanguaL 2008. fruit part Bone (endoskeleton) or shell (exoskeleton) of animals, or any part thereof. shell (animal) bone or shell Extract, concentrate or isolate high in gluten, the predominant protein of wheat or corn. langual:C0177 gluten seed part Food substance or component consisting predominantly of mixed glycerol esters of fatty acids and, in far lesser amounts, of fatty acids, sterols and pigments. A fat is a solid at room temperature, an oil is a liquid at room temperature (20 degrees C.). Excludes essential oils. 2019-06-20T05:09:36Z langual:C0190 oil or fat SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139 * solid FOODON:03430151 * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 fat or oil Poultry, game bird or turtle eggs. LanguaL curation note: Fish roe are indexed under *OVARY, ROE*. egg or egg component Edible organ meat, including blood and bone marrow. variety meat organ meat A physical-chemical component separated from the food source or its parts by extraction, centrifugation, filtration, heat processing, expressing or a similar process. The separated component may be converted through further processing. If this is done, the final substance is indexed. A water-extracted component may remain in aqueous dispersion. The extract, concentrate or isolate is indexed in preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. For example, peanut oil is indexed under *PEANUT* combined wih *FAT OR OIL* rather than with *SEED OR KERNEL*. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable juices can be indexed under *FRUIT JUICE OR NECTAR* or *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE); therefore the anatomic part of the plant should be indexed. langual:C0228 Damion Dooley's note: Items in this branch will be merged into foodon food product branch. extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal flesh of fruit LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED, CORE, PIT OR SEED REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008. fruit, peel removed, core, pit or seed removed Extract, concentrate or isolate high in protein; may contain amino acids, polypeptides and enzymes. protein extract, concentrate or isolate LanguaL curation note: Used when a sugar syrup or sugar syrup solids is the major ingredient. Sugar syrup is a liquid or semiliquid high in sugar content derived from a plant source through extraction possibly followed by conversion and/or concentration. A sugar syrup usually contains several sugars in varying proportions. Sugar syrup solids are derived by removing water from sugar syrup. sugar syrup or syrup solids langual:C0272 high fructose syrup The oil produced by pressing or extracting lipids from plant seeds (e.g. grapeseed oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil) /AM seed oil A liquid that flows slowly at room temperature. Examples are: some heavy liqueurs, evaporated milk, vegetable oil, molasses and honey. The range of high viscosity liquids spans sucrose solutions between 45 and 70% solids (viscosity range from 10 to 500 centipoise). Prefer 'solid pieces' factor term to 'small particles' if both appear in the food. liquid, thick food (liquid, high viscosity) A liquid that flows very easily at room temperature. Examples are: water, apple juice, sherry, acidophilus milk, whipping cream and some heavy liqueurs. The range of low viscosity liquid spans sucrose solutions between 0 and 45% solids (viscosity range from 1 to 10 centipoise). Prefer 'solid pieces' factor term to 'small particles' if both appear in the food. liquid, thin food (liquid, low viscosity) The physical state of the food product (liquid, semiliquid, semisolid, or solid). Solid food products are further subdivided by shape or form. Terms are provided for products that have both liquid and solid components or that incorporate air or other gases. [FDA CFSAN 1995] Damion Dooley's note: these categories need to be mapped over to PATO phenotypic categories, with a suitable treatment of mixtures of solids that are divided into parts. food physical quality A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*. fluid SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 food (liquid) Refers to natural or formed shape as appropriate, regardless of size, which may vary from very large (e.g., beef carcass) to very small (e.g., poppy seed, yeast cell). whole LanguaL curation note: Whole refers not only to a whole plant or animal but also to a whole part as indexed in C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL; examples of whole natural products are: an apple, rice in grain form, an asparagus spear, a spinach leaf, a beef carcass, a dressed chicken, a chicken drumstick, a calf liver. Products may have been slightly modified during processing and preservation (e.g., raisins or a pear that has been peeled and cored). whole, natural shape A solid product is a hard or soft product capable of retaining its own shape at room temperature (20 degrees C.). A soft product that is spreadable or formable is considered semisolid. solid food (solid) Used to specifically characterize a food product based on the treatment or processes applied to the product or any indexed ingredient. The processes include adding, substituting or removing components or modifying the food or component, e.g., through fermentation. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0111 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. food treatment process A food modification process by microbial or enzymatic action which results in molecular changes in any food component. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0119 fermented, unspecified LanguaL curation note: If salt, sugar or other food additive is used to aid in the modification process, index it by the appropriate term under *INGREDIENT ADDED*. microbial/enzymatic modification process http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0141 LanguaL curation note: Used when the food product underwent mechanical, chemical or enzymatic modification that has affected the texture, flavor or other characteristic of the product. food modification process langual:H0177 LanguaL curation note: With the exception of peanut (see *PEANUT OR PEANUT BUTTER ADDED*), used when a nut or seed ingredient is the second ingredient in order of predominance. plant seed or nut food product http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0230 LanguaL curation note: Used for products in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats were modified through microbial processes. Enzymatic or other biological processes may also be involved. If two or more of these components are modified in significant amounts, index under *FERMENTED/MODIFIED, MULTIPLE COMPONENT*. single component food fermentation http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0232 alcohol fermentation http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0256 yeast leavened carbohydrate fermentation A fat or oil derived from vegetable material langual:H0263 This is a convenience class inherited from LanguaL vegetable fat or oil The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated. http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0107 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. food preservation process A piece of animal meat which has been cut according to butchery practice. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z A cut of meat may have an arbitrary boundary that does not conform to an anatomical part. For example, a steak can be taken from a variety of locations. butchery cut of animal LanguaL curation note: See also *COLOR OF POULTRY MEAT* and narrower terms. cut of poultry meat A whole leg that is obtained from a poultry. The leg cut of a poultry bird. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z poultry leg A whole thigh that is obtained from a poultry. The thigh cut of a poultry bird. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z poultry thigh A whole neck that is obtained from a poultry. The neck cut of a poultry bird. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z poultry neck A whole foot that is obtained from a poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2024-03-27T06:40:53Z poultry foot An avian animal which is any of a number of species of wild birds which are hunted, killed and eaten by humans. game bird The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. mitochondrial genome maintenance The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. GOC:ai GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. regulation of DNA recombination Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. mitotic chromosome segregation mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release mitotic sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GOC:ai GOC:jl A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. microtubule cytoskeleton organisation microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis microtubule cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah microtubule cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. nuclear interphase chromosome nuclear chromosome A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. GOC:dph GOC:mah A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell. NIF_Subcellular:sao1186327184 mitochondrial DNA mtDNA mitochondrial genome mitochondrial chromosome A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. glycan biosynthesis glycan biosynthetic process polysaccharide anabolism polysaccharide biosynthesis polysaccharide formation polysaccharide synthesis polysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. polysaccharide breakdown polysaccharide catabolism polysaccharide degradation multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process polysaccharide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. PMID:33139480 Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. Wikipedia:Mitosis mitosis Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0000278 ; mitotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle. mitotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Reactome:69278 The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. karyokinesis nuclear division The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. GOC:mah A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle. organellar ribosome A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle. GOC:mah GOC:mcc A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases. lytic vacuole A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases. GOC:krc The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. NIF_Subcellular:sao1615953555 cytoplasmic chromatin nuclear chromatin chromosome scaffold Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. chromatin The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. GOC:elh PMID:20404130 A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation. NIF_Subcellular:sao445485807 Wikipedia:Euchromatin transcriptionally active chromatin nuclear euchromatin euchromatin A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation. PMID:32017156 A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. NIF_Subcellular:sao581845896 Wikipedia:Heterochromatin transcriptionally inactive chromatin transcriptionally silent chromatin nuclear heterochromatin heterochromatin A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. PMID:32017156 The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai GOC:elh The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). skeletal development skeletal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. Wikipedia:Ossification bone biosynthesis bone formation osteogenesis Note that this term does not have a 'developmental process' parent because ossification isn't necessarily developmental, can also occur as part of bone remodeling. Instead use 'ossification involved in bone maturation ; GO:0043931'. ossification The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. GOC:mtg_mpo PMID:17572649 A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. Action potentials typically propagate across excitable membranes. This class covers both action potentials that propagate and those that fail to do so. action potential A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. retinoid metabolism retinoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. ISBN:0198506732 Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella. ciliary/flagellar motility ciliary or bacterial-type flagellar motility Note that we deem eukaryotic cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent, while the bacterial- and archaeal-type flagella have a different structure. The former are microtubule-based structures that lash back and forth and are present only in eukaryotes, while the latter achieve motility by rotation. Bacterial- and archaeal-type flagella are superficially similar but have a different molecular composition and fine structure. These three structures never co-exist in the same organism. Therefore, GO:0001539 'cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility' is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term. Direct annotations to GO:0001539 'cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility' may be amended during annotation QC. cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella. GOC:cilia GOC:hjd GOC:krc A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. microtubule bundling microtubule bundle formation A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. GOC:dph A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. Wikipedia:Thermoregulation thermoregulation temperature homeostasis A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. GOC:jl thermoregulation GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. response to hypoxic stress response to lowered oxygen tension response to intermittent hypoxia response to sustained hypoxia Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to anoxia ; GO:0034059'. Note that in laboratory studies, hypoxia is typically studied at O2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 5%. response to hypoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. GOC:hjd Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. ameboid cell migration amoeboid cell migration amoeboidal cell migration Note that this term refers to a mode of migration rather than to any particular cell type. ameboidal-type cell migration Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. GOC:dph The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. acrosome formation acrosome assembly The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. GOC:dph GOC:hjd GOC:tb acrosome formation GOC:dph GOC:tb The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. hydrochloric acid secretion gastric acid secretion The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. GOC:hjd The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. in utero embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_sensu The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. formation of primary germ layer The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. ectoderm formation The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. endoblast formation endoderm formation The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators endoblast formation GOC:dph GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. mesoderm formation The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. GOC:go_curators The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. branching morphogenesis morphogenesis of a branching structure The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. ISBN:0721662544 branching morphogenesis GOC:dph The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. myeloid dendritic cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 A multicellular organismal process by which exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand results in a change in the morphology or behavior of a cell. cell activation A multicellular organismal process by which exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand results in a change in the morphology or behavior of a cell. GOC:mgi_curators The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. cytokine biosynthetic process cytokine metabolic process cytokine secretion interferon production interferon secretion interleukin production interleukin secretion Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms. cytokine production The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 interferon production GOC:add GOC:mah interferon secretion GOC:add GOC:mah interleukin production GOC:add GOC:mah http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Why_isn%27t_interleukin_in_GO%3F interleukin secretion GOC:add GOC:mah http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Why_isn%27t_interleukin_in_GO%3F Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. regulation of cytokine anabolism regulation of cytokine biosynthesis regulation of cytokine formation regulation of cytokine synthesis regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process regulation of cytokine secretion regulation of cytokine production Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine. down regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process down regulation of cytokine production down-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process down-regulation of cytokine production downregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process downregulation of cytokine production negative regulation of cytokine anabolism negative regulation of cytokine biosynthesis negative regulation of cytokine formation negative regulation of cytokine synthesis inhibition of cytokine biosynthetic process inhibition of cytokine production negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process negative regulation of cytokine secretion negative regulation of cytokine production Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. up regulation of cytokine production up-regulation of cytokine production upregulation of cytokine production activation of cytokine production positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process positive regulation of cytokine secretion stimulation of cytokine production positive regulation of cytokine production Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. 5-HT secretion 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion serotonin release serotonin secretion The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. GOC:ef ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0781735149 serotonin release GOC:tb The regulated release of histamine by a cell or tissue. It is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and it acts through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems. histamine secretion The regulated release of histamine by a cell or tissue. It is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and it acts through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0781735149 The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. embryonic epithelial tube formation The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. GOC:dph ISBN:0824072820 The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. Wikipedia:Neurulation neural tube morphogenesis neurulation neural tube formation The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. GOC:dph ISBN:0878932437 neural tube morphogenesis GOC:dph The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. neural tube closure The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. GOC:dph ISBN:0878932437 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion activation of neurotransmitter secretion stimulation of neurotransmitter secretion positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. GOC:hjd Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification dermal ossification intramembranous bone ossification An instance of intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division. intramembranous ossification Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. ISBN:0878932437 dermal ossification GO_REF:0000034 intramembranous bone ossification GOC:cjm Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification endochondral ossification Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0878932437 The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response. blood pressure regulation by neurological process neurological process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure neurological system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure fast control of arterial pressure nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response. GOC:mtg_cardio ISBN:0721643949 neurological process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure GOC:dph GOC:tb A slow mechanism of blood pressure regulation that responds to changes in pressure resulting from fluid and salt intake by modulating the quantity of blood in the circulatory system. renal blood volume control of blood pressure renal regulation of blood volume renal system process involved in regulation of blood volume A slow mechanism of blood pressure regulation that responds to changes in pressure resulting from fluid and salt intake by modulating the quantity of blood in the circulatory system. GOC:dph GOC:tb ISBN:0721643949 renal regulation of blood volume GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. blood pressure regulation by hormone hormonal regulation of blood pressure hormonal control of blood pressure regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. GOC:mtg_cardio ISBN:0721643949 The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport. blood pressure regulation by vasopressin vasopressin control of blood pressure regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport. GOC:mtg_cardio ISBN:0721643949 The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. epithelium morphogenesis morphogenesis of an epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. cardiac chronotropy regulation of heart contraction rate regulation of rate of heart contraction regulation of heart rate Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:10358008 cardiac chronotropy GOC:dph GOC:tb The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation activation of mesenchymal cell proliferation stimulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. GOC:dph A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. neurological control of breathing regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:12458206 neurological control of breathing GOC:dph GOC:tb The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences. Note that this process covers somatic recombination, gene conversion, hypermutation, N-region addition, and alternate splicing processes of immune receptor diversification. somatic diversification of immune receptors The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:16102575 PMID:16166509 The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response. somatic recombination of antibody genes during immune response somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes during immune response somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes during immune response GOC:dph The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response. somatic diversification of antibodies during immune response somatic diversification of immunoglobulins during immune response somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:14991701 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins during immune response GOC:dph The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines. NK cell mediated immunity natural killer cell mediated immunity The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response. immune cell chemotaxis during inflammatory response leucocyte chemotaxis during inflammatory response leukocyte chemotaxis during inflammatory response leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 leukocyte chemotaxis during inflammatory response GOC:dph The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus a part of an immune response. immune cell chemotaxis during immune response leucocyte chemotaxis during immune response leukocyte chemotaxis involved in immune response The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus a part of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. GOC:add GOC:rl ISBN:0781735149 PMID:16551251 The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response. healing during inflammatory response inflammatory response wound healing wound healing involved in inflammatory response The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response. GOC:jal ISBN:0721601871 healing during inflammatory response GOC:dph inflammatory response wound healing GOC:dph An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Wikipedia:Adaptive_immune_system acquired immune response immune memory response adaptive immune response An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 acquired immune response ISBN:068340007X immune memory response GOC:add An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues. immune response in organ or tissue organ or tissue specific immune response An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues. GOC:jal GO_REF:0000022 Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation. immune effector process Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. myeloid cell homeostasis The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. CL:0000763 GOC:add A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. cell activation during immune response cell activation involved in immune response A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 cell activation during immune response GOC:tb A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response. immune cell activation during inflammatory response leukocyte activation during inflammatory response leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 leukocyte activation during inflammatory response GOC:tb A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. myeloid leucocyte activation myeloid leukocyte activation A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. myeloid cell activation during immune response myeloid cell activation involved in immune response A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 myeloid cell activation during immune response GOC:tb The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. myeloid dendritic cell activation during immune response myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 myeloid dendritic cell activation during immune response GOC:tb The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response. myeloid dendritic cell differentiation during immune response myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 myeloid dendritic cell differentiation during immune response GOC:tb A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. lymphocyte activation during immune response lymphocyte activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 lymphocyte activation during immune response GOC:tb The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. T cell activation during immune response T lymphocyte activation during immune response T-cell activation during immune response T-lymphocyte activation during immune response T cell activation involved in immune response The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 T cell activation during immune response GOC:tb The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. T cell development involved in immune response T cell differentiation during immune response T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response T-cell differentiation during immune response T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. T cell differentiation involved in immune response The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 T cell development involved in immune response GOC:add T cell differentiation during immune response GOC:tb The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. B cell activation during immune response B lymphocyte activation during immune response B-cell activation during immune response B-lymphocyte activation during immune response B cell activation involved in immune response The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. GOC:jal B cell activation during immune response GOC:tb The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response. mature B cell development involved in immune response mature B cell differentiation during immune response mature B lymphocyte differentiation during immune response mature B-cell differentiation during immune response mature B-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response. GOC:jal mature B cell development involved in immune response GOC:add mature B cell differentiation during immune response GOC:tb The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen. mature B lymphocyte differentiation mature B-cell differentiation mature B-lymphocyte differentiation mature cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. mature B cell differentiation The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen. GOC:jal ISBN:0781735149 mature cell development GOC:add The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. histamine production involved in acute inflammatory response histamine production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:16730260 The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. serotonin production involved in acute inflammatory response serotonin production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:16730260 A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. immune cell activation during immune response leucocyte activation during immune response leukocyte activation during immune response leukocyte activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 leukocyte activation during immune response GOC:tb The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response cytokine production during immune response cytokine secretion during immune response cytokine secretion involved in immune response Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms. cytokine production involved in immune response The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 cytokine production during immune response GOC:dph cytokine secretion during immune response GOC:dph Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. Wikipedia:Immune_system Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). immune system process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. antibody production immunoglobulin biosynthetic process immunoglobulin secretion Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms. immunoglobulin production The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response immunoglobulin biosynthetic process involved in immune response immunoglobulin secretion involved in immune response antibody production during immune response antibody secretion during immune response immunoglobulin production during immune response immunoglobulin production involved in immune response Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms. immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:9185563 immunoglobulin production during immune response GOC:dph immunoglobulin production involved in immune response GOC:dph An immune response taking place in the liver. hepatic immune response An immune response taking place in the liver. GOC:jal GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. production of cellular mediator of immune response Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms. production of molecular mediator of immune response The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The regulated release of histamine by a cell as part of an inflammatory response. histamine secretion involved in acute inflammatory response histamine secretion involved in inflammatory response The regulated release of histamine by a cell as part of an inflammatory response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The regulated release of serotonin by a cell as part of an inflammatory response. serotonin secretion involved in acute inflammatory response serotonin release involved in inflammatory response serotonin secretion involved in inflammatory response The regulated release of serotonin by a cell as part of an inflammatory response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 serotonin release involved in inflammatory response GOC:tb Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. immune cell effector process immune cell mediated immunity leucocyte immune effector process leucocyte mediated immunity leukocyte immune effector process cell-mediated immune response cellular immune response leukocyte mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte. cell-mediated immunity cellular immune response lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell. cell-mediated immunity cellular immune response T lymphocyte mediated immunity T-cell mediated immunity T-lymphocyte mediated immunity T cell mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus. adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0781735149 ISBN:1405196831 Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation. immune response-dependent tolerance induction tolerance induction dependent upon immune response Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation. GOC:jal GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. peripheral tolerance induction Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. GOC:jal GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation of via MHC class II antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:15531770 PMID:15771591 PMID:16153240 A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it. tolerance induction A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it. GOC:jal GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. immune system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. GOC:add GOC:dph The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. immune cell differentiation leucocyte differentiation leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. CL:0000738 GOC:add PMID:16551264 The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response. immune cell migration during immune response immune cell trafficking during immune response leucocyte migration during immune response leucocyte trafficking during immune response leukocyte trafficking during immune response leukocyte migration involved in immune response The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:14680625 PMID:14708592 PMID:7507411 PMID:8600538 The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response. immune cell migration during inflammatory response immune cell trafficking during inflammatory response leucocyte migration during inflammatory response leucocyte trafficking during inflammatory response leukocyte migration during inflammatory response leukocyte trafficking during inflammatory response leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:14680625 PMID:14708592 PMID:7507411 PMID:8600538 leukocyte migration during inflammatory response GOC:dph The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. production of molecular mediator involved in acute inflammatory response production of cellular mediator of acute inflammation production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add GOC:dph GOC:tb ISBN:0781735149 The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response cytokine production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels. arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in acute inflammatory response production of arachidonic acid metabolites involved in acute inflammatory response production of arachidonic acid metabolites involved in inflammatory response arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in acute inflammatory response GOC:mah The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. prostaglandin production involved in acute inflammatory response prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus. somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:16102575 PMID:16166509 The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. myeloid leucocyte differentiation myeloid leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. GOC:add PMID:16551251 The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis. Note that platelets are the non-nucleated mammalian functional equivalent of the nucleated thrombocytes of non-mammalian vertebrates and are sometimes also referred to as thrombocytes. Platelet formation in mammals is covered by the biological_process term platelet formation ; GO:0030220. thrombocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. regulation of antigen processing and presentation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. down regulation of antigen processing and presentation down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation downregulation of antigen processing and presentation inhibition of antigen processing and presentation negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. up regulation of antigen processing and presentation up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation upregulation of antigen processing and presentation activation of antigen processing and presentation stimulation of antigen processing and presentation positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II. regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II. down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II negative regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II. positive regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. regulation of antibody production regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process regulation of immunoglobulin secretion regulation of immunoglobulin production Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. down regulation of immunoglobulin production down-regulation of immunoglobulin production downregulation of immunoglobulin production inhibition of immunoglobulin production negative regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process negative regulation of immunoglobulin secretion negative regulation of immunoglobulin production Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. up regulation of immunoglobulin production up-regulation of immunoglobulin production upregulation of immunoglobulin production activation of immunoglobulin production positive regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion stimulation of immunoglobulin production positive regulation of immunoglobulin production Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. regulation of tolerance induction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. down regulation of tolerance induction down-regulation of tolerance induction downregulation of tolerance induction inhibition of tolerance induction negative regulation of tolerance induction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. up regulation of tolerance induction up-regulation of tolerance induction upregulation of tolerance induction activation of tolerance induction stimulation of tolerance induction positive regulation of tolerance induction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. down regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response down-regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response downregulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response negative regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction inhibition of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. positive regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction up regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response up-regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response upregulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response activation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response stimulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. regulation of peripheral tolerance induction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. down regulation of peripheral tolerance induction down-regulation of peripheral tolerance induction downregulation of peripheral tolerance induction inhibition of peripheral tolerance induction negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. up regulation of peripheral tolerance induction up-regulation of peripheral tolerance induction upregulation of peripheral tolerance induction activation of peripheral tolerance induction stimulation of peripheral tolerance induction positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. regulation of immune system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. down regulation of immune system process down-regulation of immune system process downregulation of immune system process inhibition of immune system process negative regulation of immune system process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. up regulation of immune system process up-regulation of immune system process upregulation of immune system process activation of immune system process stimulation of immune system process positive regulation of immune system process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. regulation of immune cell migration regulation of leucocyte migration regulation of leukocyte migration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. down regulation of leukocyte migration down-regulation of leukocyte migration downregulation of leukocyte migration negative regulation of immune cell migration negative regulation of leucocyte migration inhibition of leukocyte migration negative regulation of leukocyte migration Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. positive regulation of immune cell migration positive regulation of leucocyte migration up regulation of leukocyte migration up-regulation of leukocyte migration upregulation of leukocyte migration activation of leukocyte migration stimulation of leukocyte migration positive regulation of leukocyte migration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. regulation of immune cell chemotaxis regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. down regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis down-regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis downregulation of leukocyte chemotaxis negative regulation of immune cell chemotaxis negative regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. positive regulation of immune cell chemotaxis positive regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis up regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis up-regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis upregulation of leukocyte chemotaxis activation of leukocyte chemotaxis stimulation of leukocyte chemotaxis positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. regulation of immune cell activation regulation of leucocyte activation regulation of leukocyte activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. down regulation of leukocyte activation down-regulation of leukocyte activation downregulation of leukocyte activation negative regulation of immune cell activation negative regulation of leucocyte activation inhibition of leukocyte activation negative regulation of leukocyte activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. positive regulation of immune cell activation positive regulation of leucocyte activation up regulation of leukocyte activation up-regulation of leukocyte activation upregulation of leukocyte activation activation of leukocyte activation stimulation of leukocyte activation positive regulation of leukocyte activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. regulation of immune effector process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. down regulation of immune effector process down-regulation of immune effector process downregulation of immune effector process inhibition of immune effector process negative regulation of immune effector process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. up regulation of immune effector process up-regulation of immune effector process upregulation of immune effector process activation of immune effector process stimulation of immune effector process positive regulation of immune effector process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response. regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response. down regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response down-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response downregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response inhibition of production of molecular mediator of immune response negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response. up regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response up-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response upregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response activation of production of molecular mediator of immune response stimulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. regulation of immune cell mediated immunity regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. down regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity down-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity downregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of immune cell mediated immunity negative regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity inhibition of leukocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. positive regulation of immune cell mediated immunity positive regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity up regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity up-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity upregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity activation of leukocyte mediated immunity stimulation of leukocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. down regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity down-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity downregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity inhibition of lymphocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. up regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity up-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity upregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity activation of lymphocyte mediated immunity stimulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity regulation of T-cell mediated immunity regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity regulation of T cell mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. down regulation of T cell mediated immunity down-regulation of T cell mediated immunity downregulation of T cell mediated immunity negative regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of T-cell mediated immunity negative regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity inhibition of T cell mediated immunity negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. positive regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of T-cell mediated immunity positive regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity up regulation of T cell mediated immunity up-regulation of T cell mediated immunity upregulation of T cell mediated immunity activation of T cell mediated immunity stimulation of T cell mediated immunity positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity regulation of B-cell mediated immunity regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity regulation of B cell mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. down regulation of B cell mediated immunity down-regulation of B cell mediated immunity downregulation of B cell mediated immunity negative regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of B-cell mediated immunity negative regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity inhibition of B cell mediated immunity negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. positive regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of B-cell mediated immunity positive regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity up regulation of B cell mediated immunity up-regulation of B cell mediated immunity upregulation of B cell mediated immunity activation of B cell mediated immunity stimulation of B cell mediated immunity positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. regulation of NK cell mediated immunity regulation of natural killer cell activity regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. down regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity downregulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity negative regulation of NK cell mediated immunity inhibition of natural killer cell mediated immunity negative regulation of NK cell activity negative regulation of natural killer cell activity negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. positive regulation of NK cell mediated immunity up regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity upregulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity activation of natural killer cell mediated immunity stimulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity positive regulation of NK cell activity positive regulation of natural killer cell activity positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response. regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response regulation of cytokine production during immune response regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response. GOC:add regulation of cytokine production during immune response GOC:dph Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response. down-regulation of cytokine production during immune response negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response down regulation of cytokine production during immune response downregulation of cytokine production during immune response inhibition of cytokine production during immune response negative regulation of cytokine production during immune response negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response. GOC:add negative regulation of cytokine production during immune response GOC:dph Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response. activation of cytokine production during immune response positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response stimulation of cytokine production during immune response positive regulation of cytokine production during immune response up regulation of cytokine production during immune response up-regulation of cytokine production during immune response upregulation of cytokine production during immune response positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response. GOC:add positive regulation of cytokine production during immune response GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. down regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation downregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation inhibition of myeloid leukocyte differentiation negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. up regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation upregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation activation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation stimulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. GOC:add The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. peptide secretion The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. regulation of peptide secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. down regulation of peptide secretion down-regulation of peptide secretion downregulation of peptide secretion inhibition of peptide secretion negative regulation of peptide secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. up regulation of peptide secretion up-regulation of peptide secretion upregulation of peptide secretion activation of peptide secretion stimulation of peptide secretion positive regulation of peptide secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. down regulation of adaptive immune response down-regulation of adaptive immune response downregulation of adaptive immune response inhibition of adaptive immune response negative regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. up regulation of adaptive immune response up-regulation of adaptive immune response upregulation of adaptive immune response activation of adaptive immune response stimulation of adaptive immune response positive regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response regulation of Th2 immune response regulation of type 2 immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. GOC:add regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response GOC:add regulation of Th2 immune response GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. down regulation of type 2 immune response down-regulation of type 2 immune response downregulation of type 2 immune response inhibition of type 2 immune response negative regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response negative regulation of Th2 immune response negative regulation of type 2 immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. GOC:add negative regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response GOC:add negative regulation of Th2 immune response GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. up regulation of type 2 immune response up-regulation of type 2 immune response upregulation of type 2 immune response activation of type 2 immune response positive regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response positive regulation of Th2 immune response stimulation of type 2 immune response positive regulation of type 2 immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. GOC:add positive regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response GOC:add positive regulation of Th2 immune response GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. down regulation of response to biotic stimulus down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus downregulation of response to biotic stimulus inhibition of response to biotic stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. up regulation of response to biotic stimulus up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus upregulation of response to biotic stimulus activation of response to biotic stimulus stimulation of response to biotic stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. down regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response down-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response downregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response inhibition of immunoglobulin mediated immune response negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. up regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response up-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response upregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response activation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response stimulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. GOC:add A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. puberty reproductive developmental process developmental process involved in reproduction A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete puberty GOC:dph reproductive developmental process GOC:dph GOC:tb A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process system process A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. GOC:mtg_cardio A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. muscle physiological process muscle system process A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. GOC:mtg_cardio A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. Wikipedia:Circulatory_system circulatory system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. GOC:mtg_cardio A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). excretory system process kidney system process renal system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). GOC:cjm GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. cardiac process heart process A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. GOC:mtg_cardio A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. respiratory gaseous exchange respiratory system process A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:tb The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. detection of oxygen The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:mtg_cardio The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. blood pressure regulation mediated by a chemical signal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. GOC:mtg_cardio Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. renal control of blood pressure renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:tb renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure GOC:dph GOC:tb The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. GOC:mtg_cardio Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body. water homeostasis by the renal system renal water homeostasis Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body. GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. regulation of glomerular filtration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. GOC:mtg_cardio The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein. glomerular filtration The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein. GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:sart ISBN:0721643949 The directed movement of water (H2O) by the renal system. renal water transport The directed movement of water (H2O) by the renal system. GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. positive regulation of glomerular filtration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. negative regulation of glomerular filtration Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. microtubule-based flagellum movement flagellar movement flagellum movement ciliary motility cilium beating flagellar motility Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium movement The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph GOC:jl flagellar movement GOC:bf cilium beating GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement regulation of flagellar movement regulation of flagellum movement Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. regulation of cilium movement Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph regulation of flagellar movement GOC:TermGenie Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. positive regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement positive regulation of flagellar movement positive regulation of flagellum movement Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. positive regulation of cilium movement Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph positive regulation of flagellar movement GOC:TermGenie Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. negative regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement negative regulation of flagellum movement Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. negative regulation of cilium movement Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. molecular function Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GOC:pdt Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. Wikipedia:Enzyme enzyme activity catalytic activity Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 enzyme activity GOC:dph GOC:tb Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H+. EC:2.7.2.3 KEGG_REACTION:R01512 MetaCyc:PHOSGLYPHOS-RXN RHEA:14801 Reactome:R-HSA-70486 Reactome:R-HSA-71850 3-PGK 3-phosphoglycerate kinase activity 3-phosphoglycerate phosphokinase activity 3-phosphoglyceric acid kinase activity 3-phosphoglyceric acid phosphokinase activity 3-phosphoglyceric kinase activity ATP-3-phospho-D-glycerate-1-phosphotransferase activity ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase activity ATP:D-3-phosphoglycerate 1-phosphotransferase activity PGK glycerate 3-phosphate kinase activity glycerophosphate kinase activity phosphoglyceric acid kinase activity phosphoglyceric kinase activity phosphoglycerokinase activity phosphoglycerate kinase activity Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H+. EC:2.7.2.3 RHEA:14801 Reactome:R-HSA-70486 PGK complexes (PGK1,2) phosphorylate 3PG to form 1,3BPG Reactome:R-HSA-71850 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + ADP <=> 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP 3-PGK EC:2.7.2.3 3-phosphoglycerate kinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 3-phosphoglycerate phosphokinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 3-phosphoglyceric acid kinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 3-phosphoglyceric acid phosphokinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 3-phosphoglyceric kinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 ATP-3-phospho-D-glycerate-1-phosphotransferase activity EC:2.7.2.3 ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase activity EC:2.7.2.3 ATP:D-3-phosphoglycerate 1-phosphotransferase activity EC:2.7.2.3 PGK EC:2.7.2.3 glycerate 3-phosphate kinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 glycerophosphate kinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 phosphoglyceric acid kinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 phosphoglyceric kinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 phosphoglycerokinase activity EC:2.7.2.3 Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate. RHEA:15901 Reactome:R-HSA-71445 Reactome:R-HSA-71654 PGM D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase activity PGA mutase activity PGAM activity phosphoglycerate phosphomutase activity phosphoglyceromutase activity phosphoglycerate mutase activity Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate. RHEA:15901 Reactome:R-HSA-71445 PGAM dimers (PGAM1,2) isomerise 2PG to 3PG Reactome:R-HSA-71654 3-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> 2-Phospho-D-glycerate Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O. EC:4.2.1.11 MetaCyc:2PGADEHYDRAT-RXN RHEA:10164 Reactome:R-HSA-70494 Reactome:R-HSA-71660 2-phospho-D-glycerate-hydrolase activity nervous-system specific enolase 14-3-2-protein 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming) 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase activity 2-phosphoglycerate dehydratase activity 2-phosphoglycerate enolase activity 2-phosphoglyceric dehydratase activity enolase activity gamma-enolase activity phosphoenolpyruvate hydratase activity phosphopyruvate hydratase activity Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O. EC:4.2.1.11 ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-70494 Enolase dimers (ENO1,2,3) convert PEP to 2PG Reactome:R-HSA-71660 2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O nervous-system specific enolase EC:4.2.1.11 14-3-2-protein EC:4.2.1.11 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming) EC:4.2.1.11 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase activity EC:4.2.1.11 2-phosphoglycerate dehydratase activity EC:4.2.1.11 2-phosphoglycerate enolase activity EC:4.2.1.11 2-phosphoglyceric dehydratase activity EC:4.2.1.11 enolase activity EC:4.2.1.11 gamma-enolase activity EC:4.2.1.11 phosphoenolpyruvate hydratase activity EC:4.2.1.11 Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. transmembrane receptor activity Reactome:R-HSA-193672 transmembrane signalling receptor activity This term includes intracellular membrane receptors, e.g. IP3 triggered release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. transmembrane signaling receptor activity Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. GOC:go_curators Wikipedia:Transmembrane_receptor transmembrane receptor activity GOC:bf GOC:signaling Reactome:R-HSA-193672 Sphingomyelinase is activated by the NGF:p75NTR complex transmembrane signalling receptor activity GOC:mah Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Reactome:R-HSA-114552 Reactome:R-HSA-114558 Reactome:R-HSA-167408 Wikipedia:GPCR G protein coupled receptor activity G protein linked receptor activity G-protein coupled receptor activity G-protein linked receptor activity GPCR activity ligand-dependent GPCR activity receptor activity, G-protein coupled EBV-induced receptor Epstein-Barr Virus-induced receptor activity G-protein coupled receptor activity, unknown ligand Mas proto-oncogene receptor activity RDC1 receptor activity SREB receptor orphan G protein coupled receptor activity orphan G-protein coupled receptor activity orphan GPCR activity super conserved receptor expressed in brain receptor activity G protein-coupled receptor activity Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. GOC:bf Wikipedia:GPCR http://www.iuphar-db.org Reactome:R-HSA-114552 Thrombin-activated PARs activate G12/13 Reactome:R-HSA-114558 Thrombin-activated PARs activate Gq Reactome:R-HSA-167408 The high affinity receptor complex binds to G-protein receptor activity, G-protein coupled GOC:bf Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. carrier Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules. transporter activity Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. GOC:ai GOC:dgf A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 cell or subcellular entity cellular component subcellular entity Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. cellular_component A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). GOC:pdt subcellular entity NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. Wikipedia:Extracellular extracellular Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'. extracellular region The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:go_curators A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. fibrinogen fibrinogen alpha chain fibrinogen beta chain fibrinogen gamma chain fibrinogen complex A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. ISBN:0198547684 A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures. Wikipedia:Collagen collagen trimer A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures. GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0721639976 PMID:19693541 PMID:21421911 Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils. fibrillar collagen trimer Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils. GOC:mah ISBN:0721639976 PMID:21421911 A collagen trimer containing alpha(I) chains. The most common form of type I collagen is a heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; homotrimers containing three alpha1(I) chains are also found. Type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils. Wikipedia:Collagen_type_I collagen type I trimer A collagen trimer containing alpha(I) chains. The most common form of type I collagen is a heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; homotrimers containing three alpha1(I) chains are also found. Type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils. GOC:mah GOC:sl ISBN:0721639976 A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils. Wikipedia:Collagen_type_II collagen type II trimer A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils. ISBN:0721639976 A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes. Wikipedia:Collagen_type_IV collagen type IV trimer A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes. ISBN:0721639976 PMID:19693541 PMID:21421911 A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. Wikipedia:Basement_membrane basal lamina basement lamina lamina densa Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane ; GO:0016020' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer. basement membrane A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. ISBN:0198547684 PMID:22505934 That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079 intercellular space Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term. extracellular space That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. ISBN:0198547684 A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Wikipedia:Intracellular internal to cell intracellular protoplasm nucleocytoplasm protoplast intracellular anatomical structure A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. ISBN:0198506732 nucleocytoplasm GOC:mah protoplast GOC:mah OBSOLETE. The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. NIF_Subcellular:sao1813327414 Wikipedia:Cell_(biology) This term was obsoleted because it was redundant with the root class of the cell ontology, CL:0000000. obsolete cell OBSOLETE. The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:go_curators A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus cell nucleus horsetail nucleus nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. GOC:go_curators horsetail nucleus GOC:al GOC:mah GOC:vw PMID:15030757 The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope nuclear envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). ISBN:0198547684 A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. Wikipedia:Chromosome interphase chromosome prophase chromosome chromatid Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. chromosome A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. ISBN:0198547684 A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233 Wikipedia:Nucleolus nucleolus A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. ISBN:0198506732 The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. Wikipedia:Cytoplasm cytoplasm The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. ISBN:0198547684 A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010 Wikipedia:Mitochondrion mitochondria Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.) mitochondrion A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GOC:giardia ISBN:0198506732 The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. mitochondrial envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. GOC:ai GOC:pz The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation. NIF_Subcellular:sao1804523077 Wikipedia:Mitochondrial_matrix mitochondrial lumen mitochondrial stroma mitochondrial matrix The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation. GOC:as ISBN:0198506732 A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes. 55S ribosome, mitochondrial mitochondrial ribosome A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. NIF_Subcellular:sao585356902 Wikipedia:Lysosome lysosome A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole. NIF_Subcellular:sao1140587416 primary lysosome A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole. GOC:jl ISBN:0815316194 A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. Wikipedia:Vacuole vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0198506732 The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. vacuolar lumen The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. ISBN:0198506732 A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. Golgi NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436 Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus Golgi complex Golgi ribbon Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon. Golgi apparatus A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. ISBN:0198506732 An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. NIF_Subcellular:sao1429207766 Wikipedia:Ribosome free ribosome membrane bound ribosome ribosomal RNA ribosome An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. ISBN:0198506732 free ribosome NIF_Subcellular:sao1139385046 membrane bound ribosome NIF_Subcellular:sao1291545653 A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton cytoskeleton A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. GOC:mah PMID:16959967 PMID:27419875 A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins. FMA:63851 NIF_Subcellular:sao952483289 Wikipedia:Intermediate_filament intermediate filament associated protein type I intermediate filament associated protein type II intermediate filament associated protein intermediate filament A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins. ISBN:0198506732 http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/intermediate_filaments.htm A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. FMA:63850 NIF_Subcellular:sao1588493326 Wikipedia:Actin microfilament actin filament A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 PMID:10666339 The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. juxtamembrane NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 Wikipedia:Cell_membrane cell membrane cellular membrane cytoplasmic membrane plasmalemma bacterial inner membrane inner endospore membrane integral component of plasma membrane integral to plasma membrane plasma membrane lipid bilayer plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. ISBN:0716731363 cellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645 plasma membrane lipid bilayer GOC:mah Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673 Wikipedia:Microvillus microvilli Note that this term refers to a projection from a single cell, and should not be confused with 'microvillus' as used to refer to a multicellular structure such as that found in the placenta. microvillus Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. ISBN:0815316194 microvilli NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673 A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. cell-cell contact region cell-cell contact zone NIF_Subcellular:sao1922892319 intercellular junction cell-cell junction A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:dgh GOC:hb GOC:mah PMID:21422226 PMID:28096264 intercellular junction NIF_Subcellular:sao1395777368 A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. FMA:67181 NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553 Wikipedia:Cilium eukaryotic flagellum microtubule-based flagellum primary cilium flagellum Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms. cilium A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. GOC:cilia GOC:curators GOC:kmv GOC:vw ISBN:0198547684 PMID:16824949 PMID:17009929 PMID:20144998 The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. Wikipedia:Cell_cortex ectoplasm cell periphery peripheral cytoplasm cell cortex The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism carbohydrate metabolism carbohydrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. polysaccharide metabolism glycan metabolic process glycan metabolism multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process polysaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. glycogen metabolism glycogen metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. MetaCyc:GLYCOGENSYNTH-PWY MetaCyc:PWY-5067 MetaCyc:PWY-7900 glycogen anabolism glycogen biosynthesis glycogen formation glycogen synthesis glycogen biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. regulation of glycogen anabolism regulation of glycogen biosynthesis regulation of glycogen formation regulation of glycogen synthesis regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. MetaCyc:GLYCOCAT-PWY MetaCyc:PWY-5941 MetaCyc:PWY-7662 glycogen breakdown glycogen catabolism glycogen degradation glycogenolysis glycogen catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. ISBN:0198506732 glycogenolysis GOC:sl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. regulation of glycogen breakdown regulation of glycogen catabolism regulation of glycogen degradation regulation of glycogenolysis regulation of glycogen catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. GOC:go_curators regulation of glycogenolysis GOC:sl The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. monosaccharide metabolism monosaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. cellular glucose metabolic process glucose metabolism glucose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. ISBN:0198506732 cellular glucose metabolic process GOC:vw The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. aminoglycan metabolism aminoglycan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. aminoglycan anabolism aminoglycan biosynthesis aminoglycan formation aminoglycan synthesis aminoglycan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. glycosaminoglycan anabolism glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis glycosaminoglycan formation glycosaminoglycan synthesis glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. ISBN:0192800981 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid metabolism organic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. MetaCyc:P41-PWY Wikipedia:Pyruvic_acid pyruvate metabolism pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass pyruvate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. energy pathways intermediary metabolism metabolic energy generation generation of precursor metabolites and energy The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. GOC:jl intermediary metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. MetaCyc:GLYCOLYSIS-VARIANTS Embden-Meyerhof pathway Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway anaerobic glycolysis glycolysis modifed Embden-Meyerhof pathway glycolytic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. GOC:bf GOC:dph ISBN:0201090910 ISBN:0716720094 ISBN:0879010479 Wikipedia:Glycolysis glycolysis GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. regulation of carbohydrate metabolism regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. regulation of glycolysis involved in cellular glucose homeostasis regulation of glycolytic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. energy reserve metabolism energy reserve metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. GOC:mah Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. regulation of nucleotide metabolism regulation of nucleotide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine nucleotide metabolism purine metabolic process purine metabolism purine nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine nucleotide breakdown purine nucleotide catabolism purine nucleotide degradation purine nucleotide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. DNA metabolism cellular DNA metabolism DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. ISBN:0198506732 Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. DNA recombination Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. ISBN:0198506732 The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics) protein anabolism protein biosynthesis protein biosynthetic process protein formation protein synthesis protein translation translation The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. GOC:go_curators The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. protein synthesis elongation translation elongation translational elongation The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. GOC:ems Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. regulation of protein anabolism regulation of protein biosynthesis regulation of protein formation regulation of protein synthesis regulation of translation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. regulation of translational elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. GOC:go_curators The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. Wikipedia:Proteolysis peptidolysis ATP-dependent proteolysis This term was intentionally placed under 'protein metabolic process ; GO:0019538' rather than 'protein catabolic process ; GO:0030163' to cover all processes centered on breaking peptide bonds, including those involved in protein processing. proteolysis The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. GOC:bf GOC:mah ATP-dependent proteolysis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. amino acid derivative metabolic process cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process cellular amino acid derivative metabolism cellular modified amino acid metabolism modified amino acid metabolic process modified amino acid metabolism cellular modified amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. GOC:ai cellular modified amino acid metabolism GOC:mah modified amino acid metabolic process GOC:mah modified amino acid metabolism GOC:mah The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones. Note that this term does not fall under the general GO definition for biosynthetic processes, which is 'The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of... ', because thyroid hormones can only be formed by the proteolysis of a larger molecule (see term definition). The word 'generation' is therefore used in place of biosynthesis. thyroid hormone generation The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones. GOC:jl ISBN:0716720094 Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes. vacuolar protein maturation vacuolar proteolysis vacuolar protein processing Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism lipid metabolism lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolisms#Steroid_biosynthesis steroid anabolism steroid biosynthesis steroid formation steroid synthesis steroidogenesis steroid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. bile acid anabolism bile acid biosynthesis bile acid formation bile acid synthesis bile acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. glucocorticoid anabolism glucocorticoid biosynthesis glucocorticoid formation glucocorticoid synthesis glucocorticoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. mineralocorticoid anabolism mineralocorticoid biosynthesis mineralocorticoid formation mineralocorticoid synthesis mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. isoprenoid metabolism polyisoprenoid metabolic process polyisoprenoid metabolism polyterpene metabolic process polyterpene metabolism isoprenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups. terpenoid metabolism terpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside. nucleoside phosphate metabolism nucleoside phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems. vitamin metabolism vitamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. water-soluble vitamin metabolism water-soluble vitamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water. fat-soluble vitamin metabolism fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. vitamin A metabolism vitamin A metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. GOC:jl http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/thcme/vitamins.html#k The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism sulfur metabolism sulphur metabolic process sulphur metabolism sulfur compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus. phosphorus metabolism phosphorus metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. phosphate metabolism phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. GOC:ai The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. single-organism transport Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport. transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. ion transport monoatomic ion transport The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. GOC:ai The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. water transport The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. sodium:neurotransmitter transport neurotransmitter transport The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. GOC:ai The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. serotonin transport The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. GOC:ai The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. extracellular transport The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. lipid transport The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. ISBN:0198506732 A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. cellular ion homeostasis cellular monoatomic ion homeostasis intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. GOC:mah A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of calcium ions within a cell. regulation of calcium ion concentration cellular calcium ion homeostasis intracellular calcium ion homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of calcium ions within a cell. GOC:ceb GOC:mah The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. copper-induced intracellular protein transport intracellular protein transport The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. GOC:mah copper-induced intracellular protein transport GOC:al A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. Wikipedia:Endocytosis endocytic import into cell vesicle endocytosis plasma membrane invagination nonselective vesicle endocytosis endocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0716731363 Wikipedia:Endocytosis The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. membrane evagination vesicle biosynthesis vesicle formation nonselective vesicle assembly single organism membrane budding single-organism membrane budding vesicle budding vesicle budding from membrane The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. GOC:jid GOC:tb single organism membrane budding GOC:TermGenie The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. vesicle targeting The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. GOC:mah PMID:17335816 A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. Wikipedia:Phagocytosis phagocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. ISBN:0198506732 A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. cell suicide cellular suicide Wikipedia:Apoptosis apoptotic cell death apoptotic programmed cell death programmed cell death by apoptosis activation of apoptosis apoptosis apoptosis signaling apoptotic program type I programmed cell death apoptosis activator activity caspase-dependent programmed cell death commitment to apoptosis induction of apoptosis induction of apoptosis by p53 signaling (initiator) caspase activity apoptotic process A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. GOC:cjm GOC:dhl GOC:ecd GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 PMID:18846107 PMID:21494263 apoptotic cell death GOC:sl apoptotic program GOC:add The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. cellular component disassembly involved in apoptotic process disassembly of cell structures cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). Wikipedia:Chemotaxis taxis in response to chemical stimulus chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). ISBN:0198506732 A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Wikipedia:Muscle_contraction muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. GOC:ef GOC:mtg_muscle ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. regulation of muscle contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. visceral muscle contraction smooth muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. GOC:ef GOC:jl GOC:mtg_muscle ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. regulation of smooth muscle contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope. sarcomeric muscle contraction striated muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_muscle ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. regulation of striated muscle contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. defence response physiological defense response antimicrobial peptide activity defense/immunity protein activity defense response Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GOC:go_curators The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. inflammation Wikipedia:Inflammation inflammatory response The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0198506732 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. immune response Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. organelle organisation single organism organelle organization organelle organization and biogenesis single-organism organelle organization Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. organelle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah single organism organelle organization GOC:TermGenie organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. nuclear organisation nuclear organization nuclear morphology nuclear organization and biogenesis nucleus organization and biogenesis nucleus organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:jl GOC:mah nuclear organization and biogenesis GOC:mah nucleus organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. mitochondria organization mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial organization mitochondrion biogenesis mitochondrion organisation mitochondrion morphogenesis mitochondrion organization and biogenesis mitochondrion organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:sgd_curators PMID:9786946 mitochondria organization GOC:mah mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. mitochondrial membrane organisation mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis mitochondrial membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. cytoskeleton organisation cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis cytoskeletal regulator activity cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis GOC:mah cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. microtubule-based process Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. microtubule-based movement A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. GOC:cjm ISBN:0815316194 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings. vacuolar calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings. GOC:ai GOC:mah The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. Wikipedia:Cell_cycle cell-division cycle cell cycle The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation chromosome division chromosome transmission chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GOC:vw The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. mitotic chromosome condensation The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. regulation of mitosis regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. GOC:go_curators A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. Wikipedia:Mitosis#Endomitosis endomitosis Note that this term should not be confused with 'abortive mitotic cell cycle ; GO:0033277'. Although abortive mitosis is sometimes called endomitosis, GO:0033277 refers to a process in which a mitotic spindle forms and chromosome separation begins. endomitotic cell cycle A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. GOC:curators GOC:dos GOC:expert_vm The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II. Wikipedia:Meiosis#Meiosis_II meiosis II nuclear division meiosis II The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II. GOC:dph GOC:mah ISBN:0198547684 A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. male nuclear division male meiosis male meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:vw A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline. male meiosis II nuclear division male meiosis II A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline. GOC:dph GOC:mah A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. female meiosis female meiotic division Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaphrodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiotic nuclear division; GO:0140013'. female meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:mah GOC:vw The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline. female meiosis II nuclear division female meiosis II The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline. GOC:mah Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. Wikipedia:Cell_signaling cell communication Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:mah The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion cell adhesion molecule activity single organism cell adhesion cell adhesion The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. GOC:hb GOC:pf The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. leukocyte adhesion leukocyte cell adhesion leukocyte cell-cell adhesion The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. down regulation of cell adhesion down-regulation of cell adhesion downregulation of cell adhesion inhibition of cell adhesion cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity negative regulation of cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. GOC:go_curators The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. Wikipedia:Signal_transduction signaling cascade signalling cascade signaling pathway signalling pathway Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not. signal transduction The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway GPCR signaling pathway GPCR signalling pathway G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. GOC:bf GOC:mah PMID:16902576 PMID:24568158 Wikipedia:G_protein-coupled_receptor G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GOC:bf G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer GOC:bf dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. cell-cell signalling cell-cell signaling Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. GOC:dos GOC:mah The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. signal transmission across a synapse synaptic transmission Wikipedia:Neurotransmission neurotransmission chemical synaptic transmission The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. GOC:jl MeSH:D009435 neurotransmission GOC:dph The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. neurotransmitter release neurotransmitter secretory pathway A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin. neurotransmitter secretion The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. GOC:dph The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. cholinergic synaptic transmission synaptic transmission, cholinergic The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. GOC:dos Wikipedia:Cholinergic The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse. neuromuscular synaptic transmission The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse. GOC:dos GOC:jl MeSH:D009435 The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). Note that this term was 'developmental process'. multicellular organism development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. gametogenesis gamete generation The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. GOC:ems GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. germ-cell development gametogenesis primordial germ cell development germ cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. GOC:go_curators The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. Wikipedia:Spermatogenesis generation of spermatozoa spermatogenesis The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. GOC:jid ISBN:9780878933846 PMID:28073824 PMID:30990821 generation of spermatozoa The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Wikipedia:Spermiogenesis spermatid cell development spermiogenesis spermatid development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. sperm axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. GOC:bf GOC:cilia ISBN:0198547684 The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. spermatid nuclear differentiation See also the Cell Ontology term 'spermatid ; CL:0000018'. spermatid nucleus differentiation The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. GOC:bf GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. female gamete generation Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. GOC:dph ISBN:0198506732 The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female. Wikipedia:Insemination insemination The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female. ISBN:0582227089 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. mitotic cell cycle modulation mitotic cell cycle regulation modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle mitotic cell cycle regulator regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Wikipedia:Gastrulation gastrulation A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. GOC:curators ISBN:9780878933846 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. ectoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. pan-neural process nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. GOC:dgh The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. endoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. GOC:dph GOC:tb The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. Wikipedia:Gestation gestation carrying of young female pregnancy The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. ISBN:0192800825 The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. breathing respiration respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. ISBN:0198506732 The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. Wikipedia:Digestion digestion The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. GOC:isa_complete ISBN:0198506732 The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. Wikipedia:Excretion excretion The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. ISBN:0192801023 The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. body fluid secretion The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. Wikipedia:Lactation milk secretion lactation The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. ISBN:0198506732 milk secretion GOC:pr The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. Wikipedia:Coagulation blood clotting blood coagulation The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. PMID:30700128 The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. Wikipedia:Hemostasis hemostasis The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. ISBN:0198506732 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Perception sensory perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai GOC:dph The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. Wikipedia:Visual_perception sense of sight sensory visual perception vision visual perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. Wikipedia:Hearing_(sense) hearing perception of sound sensory perception of sound The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. chemosensory perception sensory perception of chemical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Olfaction olfaction scent perception sense of smell smell perception sensory perception of smell The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. Wikipedia:Behavior behavioral response to stimulus behaviour behavioural response to stimulus single-organism behavior 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). behavior The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. GOC:ems GOC:jl ISBN:0395448956 PMID:20160973 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. learning or memory The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. GOC:jid PMID:8938125 The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). Wikipedia:Memory memory The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). GOC:curators ISBN:0582227089 The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. Wikipedia:Mating_behaviour mating behaviour mating behavior The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. GOC:ai GOC:dph The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. copulation The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. ISBN:0721662544 The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. hemolymph circulation blood circulation The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. GOC:mtg_heart ISBN:0192800825 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. regulation of cardiac contraction regulation of heart contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. cellular protein localisation cellular protein localization protein localisation channel localizer activity asymmetric protein localisation asymmetric protein localization establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization establishment and maintenance of protein localization protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai cellular protein localisation GOC:mah protein localisation GOC:mah channel localizer activity GOC:mah asymmetric protein localisation GOC:mah A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process single organism process single-organism process Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. Wikipedia:Metabolism metabolism metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth multicellular organism metabolic process single-organism metabolic process Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolism steroid metabolism steroid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. bile acid metabolism bile acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. glucocorticoid metabolism glucocorticosteroid metabolic process glucocorticosteroid metabolism glucocorticoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance. mineralocorticoid metabolism mineralocorticoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. Wikipedia:Blood_pressure#Regulation blood pressure regulation blood pressure homeostasis control of blood pressure regulation of blood pressure Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_cardio ISBN:0721643949 Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). accidental cell death necrosis This term should not be used for direct annotation, it is currently kept in GO as a placeholder for describing cell death phenotypes in uPHENO. When information is provided on a programmed cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Unintentional cell death, i.e. cell death caused by injury, ageing, or cell phenotypes observed as a result of a pathological mutation in an essential gene should NOT be annotated using GO terms. cell death Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:25236395 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. GOC:go_curators The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. cell proliferation This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms. cell population proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. GOC:mah GOC:mb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. up regulation of cell proliferation up-regulation of cell proliferation upregulation of cell proliferation activation of cell proliferation stimulation of cell proliferation positive regulation of cell proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. down regulation of cell proliferation down-regulation of cell proliferation downregulation of cell proliferation inhibition of cell proliferation negative regulation of cell proliferation negative regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:go_curators Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. Reactome:R-HSA-2142859 Reactome:R-HSA-561041 Reactome:R-HSA-9794830 organic anion transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-2142859 Growing HA is extruded from the cell by ABCC5 Reactome:R-HSA-561041 OAT1-3 transport organic anions with antiport of dicarboxylic acids Reactome:R-HSA-9794830 SLC22A8 transports Cipro into renal cell The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. lipid anabolism lipid biosynthesis lipid formation lipid synthesis lipogenesis lipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. GOC:go_curators lipogenesis GOC:sl The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. sugar transport carbohydrate transport The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. GOC:ai The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. high-affinity hexose transport low-affinity hexose transport hexose membrane transport hexose transport Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. hexose transmembrane transport The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. GOC:vw The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. Wikipedia:Catabolism breakdown catabolism degradation multicellular organismal catabolic process single-organism catabolic process catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biopolymer catabolic process macromolecule breakdown macromolecule catabolism macromolecule degradation multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process cellular macromolecule catabolic process cellular macromolecule catabolism cellular macromolecule degradation macromolecule catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer catabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. formation Wikipedia:Anabolism anabolism biosynthesis synthesis multicellular organismal biosynthetic process single-organism biosynthetic process biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. GOC:curators ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biopolymer biosynthetic process macromolecule anabolism macromolecule biosynthesis macromolecule formation macromolecule synthesis Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). nucleotide metabolism nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside diphosphate metabolism nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside diphosphate breakdown nucleoside diphosphate catabolism nucleoside diphosphate degradation nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside diphosphate breakdown purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolism purine nucleoside diphosphate degradation purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside triphosphate metabolism nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine ribonucleotide metabolism purine ribonucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine ribonucleotide breakdown purine ribonucleotide catabolism purine ribonucleotide degradation purine ribonucleotide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). nucleotide breakdown nucleotide catabolism nucleotide degradation nucleotide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism purine ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. cobalamin metabolism vitamin B12 metabolic process vitamin B12 metabolism vitamin B12 reduction cobalamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. glucan anabolism glucan biosynthesis glucan formation glucan synthesis glucan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. glucan breakdown glucan catabolism glucan degradation glucan catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. ribonucleotide metabolism ribonucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. ribonucleotide breakdown ribonucleotide catabolism ribonucleotide degradation ribonucleotide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined. Wikipedia:Nucleoid nucleoid The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined. GOC:bm GOC:ma ISBN:3540076689 The controlled release of proteins from a cell. glycoprotein secretion protein secretion during cell fate commitment protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment protein secretion The controlled release of proteins from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus response to radiation stimulus Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. response to radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. GOC:jl Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. response to light stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0582227089 The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). Wikipedia:Fertilisation syngamy fertilization The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. perception of external stimulus detection of external stimulus The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. perception of abiotic stimulus detection of abiotic stimulus The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. detection of light perception of light detection of light stimulus The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:go_curators The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. perception of visible light detection of visible light The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. chemoperception detection of chemical substance chemoreception perception of chemical stimulus perception of chemical substance detection of chemical stimulus The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. response to environmental stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to external stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. response to biotic stress Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. physiological response to wounding response to wounding Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. mechanical stimulus response chemi-mechanical coupling response to mechanical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. response to abiotic stress Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. detoxification response toxin resistance toxin susceptibility/resistance response to toxic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. GOC:lr The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Morphogenesis anatomical structure organization morphogenesis anatomical structure morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0521436125 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Embryogenesis embryogenesis embryonal development embryo development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. post-embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. GOC:go_curators The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. embryogenesis embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_sensu Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. histogenesis and organogenesis animal organ morphogenesis Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:dgh GOC:go_curators ISBN:0471245208 ISBN:0721662544 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. histogenesis and organogenesis Wikipedia:Histogenesis histogenesis tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. ISBN:0471245208 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. regulation of anabolism regulation of biosynthesis regulation of formation regulation of synthesis regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. down regulation of biosynthetic process down-regulation of biosynthetic process downregulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of anabolism negative regulation of biosynthesis negative regulation of formation negative regulation of synthesis inhibition of biosynthetic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. positive regulation of anabolism positive regulation of biosynthesis positive regulation of formation positive regulation of synthesis up regulation of biosynthetic process up-regulation of biosynthetic process upregulation of biosynthetic process activation of biosynthetic process stimulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. down regulation of metabolic process down-regulation of metabolic process downregulation of metabolic process negative regulation of metabolism negative regulation of organismal metabolism inhibition of metabolic process inhibition of organismal metabolic process negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. positive regulation of metabolism up regulation of metabolic process up-regulation of metabolic process upregulation of metabolic process activation of metabolic process positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process positive regulation of organismal metabolism stimulation of metabolic process stimulation of organismal metabolic process up-regulation of organismal metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. regulation of breakdown regulation of catabolism regulation of degradation regulation of catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. down regulation of catabolic process down-regulation of catabolic process downregulation of catabolic process negative regulation of breakdown negative regulation of catabolism negative regulation of degradation inhibition of catabolic process negative regulation of catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. positive regulation of breakdown positive regulation of catabolism positive regulation of degradation up regulation of catabolic process up-regulation of catabolic process upregulation of catabolic process activation of catabolic process stimulation of catabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. hormone transport The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. regulation of signaling pathway regulation of signalling pathway regulation of signal transduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. up regulation of signal transduction up-regulation of signal transduction upregulation of signal transduction activation of signal transduction stimulation of signal transduction positive regulation of signaling pathway positive regulation of signalling pathway positive regulation of signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm positive regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. down regulation of signal transduction down-regulation of signal transduction downregulation of signal transduction inhibition of signal transduction negative regulation of signaling pathway negative regulation of signalling pathway negative regulation of signal transduction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm negative regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance single-organism cellular process This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle meiotic chromosome condensation Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. PMID:10072401 chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. endomembrane organization endomembrane system organisation endomembrane system organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. GOC:mah GOC:sm endomembrane system organisation GOC:mah The infolding of a membrane. single-organism membrane invagination membrane invagination The infolding of a membrane. GOC:tb The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. mesenchymal cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. Wikipedia:Gene_expression gene expression The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. GOC:txnOH-2018 PMID:25934543 PMID:31580950 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). Wikipedia:Regulation_of_gene_expression regulation of protein expression gene regulation regulation of gene product expression This class covers any process that regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that regulate that rate by regulating the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that regulates the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby regulates the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). GOC:txnOH-2018 gene regulation GOC:cjm Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. regulation of receptor activity regulation of signalling receptor activity regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. regulation of gastrulation Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. regulation of cell cycle process Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. GOC:dph GOC:tb The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. developmental programmed cell death programmed cell death involved in development This process is part of the natural developmental program of some cell types, but it does not always happen as part of the development or shaping of a gross anatomical structure. programmed cell death involved in cell development The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). positive regulation of gene expression Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). GOC:txnOH-2018 Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). gene silencing This term covers any process that negatively regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that negatively regulate that rate by reducing the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that reduces the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby reduces the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. negative regulation of gene expression Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). GOC:txnOH-2018 Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. positive regulation of organelle organisation positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis positive regulation of organelle organization Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. negative regulation of organelle organisation negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis negative regulation of organelle organization Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. regulation of cell communication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. positive regulation of cell communication Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. negative regulation of cell communication Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. positive regulation of cell development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. negative regulation of cell development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. regulation of hormone levels Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. regulation of mitochondrion organisation regulation of mitochondrion organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of glucose transport regulation of glucose transmembrane transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. positive regulation of glucose transport positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. negative regulation of glucose transport negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. lipid localisation lipid localization Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb lipid localisation GOC:mah Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. GOC:BHF GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. regulation of glucose metabolism regulation of glucose metabolic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. GOC:BHF GOC:tb regulation of glucose metabolism GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. positive regulation of glucose metabolism positive regulation of glucose metabolic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. GOC:BHF GOC:tb positive regulation of glucose metabolism GOC:tb Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. regulation of isomerase activity Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. positive regulation of isomerase activity Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. GOC:dph GOC:tb The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. negative regulation of cell cycle process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage positive regulation of protein processing Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage GOC:bf Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage negative regulation of protein processing Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage GOC:bf Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. regulation of glucan biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. GOC:dph GOC:tb The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. microtubule-based transport establishment of localization by movement along microtubule movement along microtubule transport along microtubule The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb establishment of localization by movement along microtubule GOC:dph A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. regulated cell death Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death caspase-independent cell death non-apoptotic programmed cell death nonapoptotic programmed cell death PCD RCD caspase-independent apoptosis Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children. programmed cell death A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. GOC:lr GOC:mtg_apoptosis A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. Wikipedia:Endomembrane_system endomembrane system A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. GOC:lh The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. NIF_Subcellular:sao1153182838 vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. GOC:mah GOC:vesicle The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube. primary neural tube morphogenesis primary neurulation neural rod cavitation primary neural tube formation The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube. GOC:ef ISBN:0878932585 PMID:15327780 primary neural tube morphogenesis GOC:dph The regulated release of dopamine by a cell. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone. dopamine secretion The regulated release of dopamine by a cell. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone. GOC:ef The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). GOC:ef Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. GOC:ef Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. up regulation of acetylcholine secretion up-regulation of acetylcholine secretion upregulation of acetylcholine secretion activation of acetylcholine secretion stimulation of acetylcholine secretion positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. GOC:ef Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. down regulation of acetylcholine secretion down-regulation of acetylcholine secretion downregulation of acetylcholine secretion inhibition of acetylcholine secretion negative regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. GOC:ef Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. regulation of dopamine secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. GOC:ef Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. regulation of adrenaline secretion regulation of epinephrine secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. GOC:ef Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. regulation of noradrenaline secretion regulation of norepinephrine secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. GOC:ef Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. regulation of serotonin release regulation of serotonin secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. GOC:ef regulation of serotonin release GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. down regulation of serotonin secretion down-regulation of serotonin secretion downregulation of serotonin secretion inhibition of serotonin secretion positive regulation of serotonin release negative regulation of serotonin secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. GOC:ef positive regulation of serotonin release GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. up regulation of serotonin secretion up-regulation of serotonin secretion upregulation of serotonin secretion activation of serotonin secretion stimulation of serotonin secretion positive regulation of serotonin release positive regulation of serotonin secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. GOC:ef positive regulation of serotonin release GOC:tb A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations. phasic smooth muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations. GOC:mtg_muscle A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract). gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract). GOC:mtg_muscle MA:0001523 MSH:D041981 A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract. urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract. GOC:mr GOC:mtg_muscle PMID:11768524 PMID:18276178 PMID:538956 A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary tract. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary tract consists of organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. urinary tract smooth muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary tract. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary tract consists of organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. GOC:ef GOC:mtg_muscle MA:0000325 MSH:D014551 The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. enzyme transport protein transport The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-. RHEA:28695 Reactome:R-HSA-2752067 hydrogencarbonate transmembrane transporter activity bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-2752067 BESTs transport cytosolic HCO3- to extracellular region The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. actin cytoskeleton The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 ISBN:0815316194 The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. gas transport The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. oxygen transport The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. organic cation transport The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. GOC:ai The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. hydrogencarbonate transport bicarbonate transport The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:krc The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. organic anion transport The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. GOC:ai GOC:krc The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. monocarboxylic acid transport The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:krc The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. bile acid transport bile salt transport bile acid and bile salt transport The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:dph GOC:krc PMID:12663868 PMID:14699511 The process in which a monosaccharide is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. monosaccharide transport monosaccharide transmembrane transport The process in which a monosaccharide is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000069 The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. peptide transport The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. amine/polyamine transport amine transport The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. monoamine transport The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. organic acid transport The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. organic alcohol transport organic hydroxy compound transport The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. GOC:ai The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. acetylcholine transport The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. GOC:ai The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. dopamine transport The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. GOC:ai The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. levarterenol transport noradrenaline transport norepinephrine transport The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. chemoorganotrophy energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. GOC:mah A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. Wikipedia:Biological_membrane Wikipedia:Transmembrane_protein integral component of membrane integral to membrane membrane region region of membrane whole membrane transmembrane membrane A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 transmembrane GOC:mah A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. cell organisation cellular component organisation at cellular level cellular component organisation in other organism cellular component organization at cellular level cellular component organization in other organism cell organization and biogenesis cellular component organization A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:jl GOC:mah cellular component organisation at cellular level GOC:mah cellular component organisation in other organism GOC:mah cell organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. vesicle organisation vesicle organization and biogenesis vesicle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. GOC:mah vesicle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. anabolic carbohydrate metabolic process anabolic carbohydrate metabolism carbohydrate anabolism carbohydrate biosynthesis carbohydrate formation carbohydrate synthesis carbohydrate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. carbohydrate breakdown carbohydrate catabolism carbohydrate degradation catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process catabolic carbohydrate metabolism multicellular organismal carbohydrate catabolic process single-organism carbohydrate catabolic process carbohydrate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid anabolism organic acid biosynthesis organic acid formation organic acid synthesis organic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. ISBN:0198506732 An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. antibody-mediated immune response immunoglobulin mediated immune response An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. diterpenoid metabolism diterpene metabolic process diterpene metabolism diterpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. ISBN:0198547684 A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. vesicle transport vesicular transport nonselective vesicle transport protein sorting along secretory pathway vesicle trafficking vesicle-mediated transport A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. GOC:ai GOC:mah ISBN:08789310662000 vesicular transport GOC:mah Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. Wikipedia:Phosphorylation phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. ISBN:0198506732 The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. female meiosis chromosome segregation The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. GOC:ai The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. GOC:jl Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells. somatic cell DNA recombination Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells. GOC:ma The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins. somatic diversification of antibodies somatic diversification of immunoglobulins The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins. GOC:add GOC:ma ISBN:0781735149 The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus. somatic recombination of antibody gene segments somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Wikipedia:Cell_migration cell migration The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:pf Wikipedia:Cell_migration Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis peptidolysis during protein maturation protein maturation by proteolysis protein processing Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. GOC:curators GOC:jl GOC:jsg protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage GOC:bf protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis GOC:mah peptidolysis during protein maturation GOC:mah protein maturation by proteolysis GOC:mah Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. EC:1.-.-.- Reactome:R-HSA-1614362 Reactome:R-HSA-209921 Reactome:R-HSA-209960 Reactome:R-HSA-3095889 Reactome:R-HSA-390425 Reactome:R-HSA-390438 Reactome:R-HSA-5662660 Reactome:R-HSA-8878581 Reactome:R-HSA-8936442 Reactome:R-HSA-9020249 Reactome:R-HSA-9020260 Reactome:R-HSA-9024624 Reactome:R-HSA-9024630 Reactome:R-HSA-9025007 Reactome:R-HSA-9026001 Reactome:R-HSA-9026917 Reactome:R-HSA-9027033 Reactome:R-HSA-9693722 redox activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates oxidoreductase activity Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. GOC:go_curators Reactome:R-HSA-1614362 SUMF1 mediates the oxidation of cysteine to formylglycine, producing active arylsulfatases Reactome:R-HSA-209921 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated Reactome:R-HSA-209960 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated Reactome:R-HSA-3095889 MMACHC dealkylates RCbl Reactome:R-HSA-390425 FAR1 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL Reactome:R-HSA-390438 FAR2 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL Reactome:R-HSA-5662660 Dopachrome is transformed to DHICA by DCT Reactome:R-HSA-8878581 TYRP1 oxidises DHICA to IQCA Reactome:R-HSA-8936442 MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds Reactome:R-HSA-9020249 Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD6 Reactome:R-HSA-9020260 Hydroperoxy reducatse reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD5 Reactome:R-HSA-9024624 Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD6 Reactome:R-HSA-9024630 Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD5 Reactome:R-HSA-9025007 Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S),14(S)-diHp-DHA to 7-epi-MaR1 Reactome:R-HSA-9026001 Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7,17-diHp-DPAn-3 to RvD5n-3DPA Reactome:R-HSA-9026917 Lipoxygenase dehydrogenates 7(S),17(S)-diHp-DHA to 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA Reactome:R-HSA-9027033 Hydroperoxy reducatase reduces 14(S)-Hp-DHA to 14(S)-HDHA Reactome:R-HSA-9693722 Unknown sepiapterin synthase transforms PTHP to sepiapterin Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP. EC:1.2.1.- Reactome:R-HSA-1222583 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP. GOC:jl Reactome:R-HSA-1222583 MscR reduces nitrosomycothiol to ammonia Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. EC:2.-.-.- Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). EC:2.7.-.- Note that this term encompasses all kinase activities, as well as activities that transfer other phosphorus-containing groups such as diphosphate or nucleotides. transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor). EC:2.7.2.- phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor). GOC:jl Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. EC:4.-.-.- Reactome:R-HSA-5696408 Reactome:R-HSA-6782895 lyase activity Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. ISBN:0198547684 Reactome:R-HSA-5696408 PXLP-K278-PHYKPL tetramer hydrolyses 5PHL Reactome:R-HSA-6782895 TYW1:FMN:4Fe-4S transforms 1-methylguanosine yielding yW-187 (4-demethylwyosine) at nucleotide 37 of tRNA(Phe) Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond. EC:4.2.-.- other carbon-oxygen lyase activity carbon-oxygen lyase activity Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond. EC:4.2.-.- Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water. EC:4.2.1.- Reactome:R-HSA-9014627 hydro-lyase activity Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water. EC:4.2.1.- Reactome:R-HSA-9014627 SDS dimers:PXLP dehydrate L-Thr to 2AA Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. EC:5.-.-.- Reactome:R-HSA-6787623 other isomerase activity isomerase activity Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6787623 TSTA3 dimer epimerises GDP-DHDMan to GDP-KDGal Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule. EC:5.4.-.- mutase activity intramolecular transferase activity, transferring other groups intramolecular transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule. GOC:mah Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule. EC:5.4.2.- intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases phosphomutase activity phosphotransferase activity, with regeneration of donors, apparently catalyzing intramolecular transfers intramolecular phosphotransferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule. GOC:mah Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor. EC:1.2.-.- oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, other acceptors oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor. GOC:ai The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. stem cell renewal stem cell division The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. GOC:jid ISBN:0582227089 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. down regulation of protein biosynthetic process down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process downregulation of protein biosynthetic process negative regulation of protein anabolism negative regulation of protein biosynthesis negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process negative regulation of protein formation negative regulation of protein synthesis inhibition of protein biosynthetic process protein biosynthesis inhibitor activity protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity negative regulation of translation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GOC:isa_complete The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe carbolic acid metabolic process carbolic acid metabolism hydroxybenzene metabolic process hydroxybenzene metabolism phenol-containing compound metabolism Note that phenol metabolism is not included as a child of 'xenobiotic metabolism' because although it is synthesized industrially, phenol is also found naturally in animal wastes and other organic materials. It is often formed by the activity of microorganisms, which can chemically modify a variety of xenobiotic and naturally occurring phenolic compounds. phenol-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. ISBN:0198506732 The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism reproductive behaviour multi-organism reproductive behavior multicellular organism reproductive behavior single-organism reproductive behavior reproductive behavior The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. GOC:jl GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. regulation of lipid metabolism regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. regulation of steroid metabolism regulation of steroid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. GOC:go_curators Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. regulation of phosphate metabolism regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. regulation of metabolism regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process regulation of organismal metabolic process regulation of metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators regulation of organismal metabolic process GOC:tb The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. conduction of nerve impulse signal transmission along a neuron transmission of nerve impulse The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. GOC:curators ISBN:0815316194 conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Nociception perception of physiological pain nociception sensory perception of pain The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. hexose metabolism hexose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. pyridine nucleotide metabolism pyridine nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. pyridine nucleotide breakdown pyridine nucleotide catabolism pyridine nucleotide degradation pyridine nucleotide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. GOC:jl GOC:pde GOC:vw The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. Wikipedia:Protein_metabolism cellular protein metabolic process cellular protein metabolism protein metabolic process and modification protein metabolism protein metabolism and modification multicellular organismal protein metabolic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. organophosphate metabolism organophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. ribose phosphate metabolism ribose phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. GOC:ai Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. B lymphocyte mediated immune effector process B lymphocyte mediated immunity B-cell mediated immune effector process B-cell mediated immunity B-lymphocyte mediated immune effector process B-lymphocyte mediated immunity B cell mediated immunity Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. cellular homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids. regulation of isoprenoid metabolism regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). carboxylic acid metabolism carboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). ISBN:0198506732 A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. antibody Note that an immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available. immunoglobulin complex A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. GOC:add GOC:jl ISBN:0781765196 An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. B lymphocyte receptor complex B-cell receptor complex B-lymphocyte receptor complex BCR complex immunoglobulin complex, membrane bound B cell receptor accessory molecule complex antibody Note that an immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available. B cell receptor complex An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 antibody GOC:mah The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Wikipedia:Antigen_presentation antigen presentation antigen processing antigen processing and presentation The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 PMID:15771591 PMID:15928678 A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction Note that gametes may come from two organisms or from a single organism in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. Note also that sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. sexual reproduction A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. developmental maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GO_REF:0000021 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. neural tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GO_REF:0000021 The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. cell cycle process The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. GOC:isa_complete Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. down regulation of cell-cell adhesion down-regulation of cell-cell adhesion downregulation of cell-cell adhesion inhibition of cell-cell adhesion negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. GOC:isa_complete Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. up regulation of cell-cell adhesion up-regulation of cell-cell adhesion upregulation of cell-cell adhesion activation of cell-cell adhesion stimulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. GOC:isa_complete A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. cell structure disassembly cellular component disassembly at cellular level Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular component disassembly A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. GOC:isa_complete A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. Wikipedia:Reproduction single organism reproductive process reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. digestive system process A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jid GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. regulation of morphogenesis regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. cell structure assembly cellular component assembly at cellular level cellular component assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. Reactome:R-HSA-1236947 Reactome:R-HSA-429036 Reactome:R-HSA-434650 Reactome:R-HSA-5638209 Reactome:R-HSA-5671707 Reactome:R-HSA-6784434 Reactome:R-HSA-6784436 substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity substrate-specific transporter activity uptake permease activity uptake transmembrane transporter activity transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:jid GOC:mtg_transport ISBN:0815340729 Reactome:R-HSA-1236947 Egress of internalized antigen to the cytosol via sec61 Reactome:R-HSA-429036 SLC2A9 transports Fru, Glc, urate Reactome:R-HSA-434650 MATEs mediate extrusion of xenobiotics Reactome:R-HSA-5638209 Defective SLC2A9 does not transport Fru, Glc, urate Reactome:R-HSA-5671707 Fe3+ dissociates from SLC22A17:LCN2:2,5DHBA Reactome:R-HSA-6784434 An unknown carrier transports cytosolic glyoxylate to the peroxisome Reactome:R-HSA-6784436 An unknown carrier transports mitochondrial glyoxylate to the cytosol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. regulation of transmembrane transporter activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:mtg_transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. GOC:mtg_signal regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. regulation of signaling process regulation of signalling process regulation of signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal regulation of signaling process GOC:bf regulation of signalling process GOC:mah The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. biological signaling signaling process signalling signalling process single organism signaling Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change. signaling The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. GOC:mtg_signal GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 GOC:signaling signalling process GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. positive regulation of signalling process positive regulation of signaling process positive regulation of signaling Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal positive regulation of signalling process GOC:mah positive regulation of signaling process GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. negative regulation of signaling process negative regulation of signalling process negative regulation of signaling Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal negative regulation of signaling process GOC:bf negative regulation of signalling process GOC:mah The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. signal secretion signal release The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. GOC:mtg_signal signal secretion GOC:bf A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom. cellular cation homeostasis cellular monoatomic cation homeostasis intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom. GOC:ceb GOC:mah The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. Wikipedia:Myofibril myofibril The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. ISBN:0815316194 The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. Wikipedia:Sarcomere sarcomere The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. ISBN:0815316194 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. cell projection organisation cell projection organization and biogenesis cell surface structure organization and biogenesis cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl GOC:mah http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah cell surface structure organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. formation of a cell surface projection cell projection biogenesis cell projection assembly Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl GOC:mah http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ cell projection biogenesis GOC:mah A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. Wikipedia:Cell_junction cell junction A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 PMID:26820516 PMID:28096264 http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. peptide hormone secretion The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. GOC:mah The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. insulin secretion The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis blood cell biosynthesis blood cell formation haemopoiesis hematopoiesis hemopoiesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. GOC:dgh ISBN:0198506732 The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. lymphocyte cell differentiation lymphocytic blood cell differentiation lymphocyte development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. lymphocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. CL:0000542 GOC:go_curators lymphocyte development GOC:add The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. myeloid cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. regulation of endocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. GOC:go_curators The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood. vasopressin secretion The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood. GOC:mah A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. secretory vesicle Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133'. secretory granule A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation cell differentiation The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. cell adhesion receptor regulator activity regulation of cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. regulation of peptidolysis regulation of proteolysis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. GOC:mah The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. B lymphocyte differentiation B-cell differentiation B-lymphocyte differentiation B cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:mah GO_REF:0000022 B cell development GOC:add The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). melatonin metabolism melatonin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). melatonin anabolism melatonin biosynthesis melatonin formation melatonin synthesis melatonin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. regulation of blood coagulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. up regulation of blood coagulation up-regulation of blood coagulation upregulation of blood coagulation activation of blood coagulation stimulation of blood coagulation positive regulation of blood coagulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. down regulation of blood coagulation down-regulation of blood coagulation downregulation of blood coagulation inhibition of blood coagulation negative regulation of blood coagulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. extracellular matrix organisation extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis extracellular matrix organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. GOC:mah extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. heparin metabolism heparan sulfate metabolic process heparin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. glycosaminoglycan metabolism glycosaminoglycan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. ISBN:0192800981 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. heparin anabolism heparin biosynthesis heparin formation heparin synthesis heparan sulfate biosynthetic process heparin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. hyaluronan metabolism hyaluronan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. hyaluronan anabolism hyaluronan biosynthesis hyaluronan formation hyaluronan synthesis hyaluronan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. T lymphocyte differentiation T-cell differentiation T-lymphocyte differentiation T cell development Note that the term 'thymocyte differentiation' was merged into this term because thymocytes are T cells, and thus the term was essentially redundant. Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. GOC:jid GOC:mah GO_REF:0000022 T cell development GOC:add The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. Wikipedia:Erythropoiesis RBC differentiation erythrocyte cell differentiation erythropoiesis red blood cell differentiation erythrocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. GOC:mah RBC differentiation CL:0000232 erythropoiesis GOC:add GOC:dph red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. megakaryocyte cell differentiation megakaryocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. GOC:mah The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell. basophil cell differentiation basophil differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell. GOC:jid GOC:mah The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. monocyte cell differentiation monocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. GOC:mah The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. macrophage cell differentiation macrophage differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood. somatotropin secretion growth hormone secretion The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood. GOC:mah somatotropin secretion GOC:mah The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. DNA condensation eukaryotic chromosome condensation nuclear chromosome condensation chromosome condensation The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 DNA condensation Wikipedia:DNA_condensation eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:bf nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:bf Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. apoptotic nuclear change apoptotic nuclear changes Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. Wikipedia:Pyknosis pyknosis apoptotic chromosome condensation The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. regulation of bone biosynthesis regulation of bone formation regulation of ossification Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. down regulation of ossification down-regulation of ossification downregulation of ossification negative regulation of bone biosynthesis negative regulation of bone formation inhibition of ossification negative regulation of ossification Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. GOC:go_curators A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. The outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria) are defined as parts of this structure, see 'external encapsulating structure part'. external encapsulating structure A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. GOC:go_curators The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. osteoclast cell differentiation osteoclast differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. CL:0000092 GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:12161749 The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm. sperm motility sperm movement Wikipedia:Sperm_motility flagellated sperm movement sperm flagellum movement sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm motility sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm movement flagellated sperm motility The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000060 PMID:26680031 sperm flagellum movement GOC:cilia GOC:krc sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm movement GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. regulation of cell migration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. up regulation of cell migration up-regulation of cell migration upregulation of cell migration activation of cell migration stimulation of cell migration positive regulation of cell migration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. down regulation of cell migration down-regulation of cell migration downregulation of cell migration inhibition of cell migration negative regulation of cell migration Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. GOC:go_curators The expulsion of feces from the rectum. Wikipedia:Defecation defecation The expulsion of feces from the rectum. GOC:mah A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards. Wikipedia:Peristalsis peristalsis A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards. ISBN:0198506732 The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus. immune cell chemotaxis leucocyte chemotaxis leukocyte chemotaxis The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus. GOC:add GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. regulation of vitamin metabolism regulation of vitamin metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:mah The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. cytoplasmic vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. GOC:mah The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. secretory vesicle membrane secretory granule membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. GOC:mah The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. regulation of nucleotide breakdown regulation of nucleotide catabolism regulation of nucleotide degradation regulation of nucleotide catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. down regulation of nucleotide catabolic process down-regulation of nucleotide catabolic process downregulation of nucleotide catabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide breakdown negative regulation of nucleotide catabolism negative regulation of nucleotide degradation inhibition of nucleotide catabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. positive regulation of nucleotide breakdown positive regulation of nucleotide catabolism positive regulation of nucleotide degradation up regulation of nucleotide catabolic process up-regulation of nucleotide catabolic process upregulation of nucleotide catabolic process activation of nucleotide catabolic process stimulation of nucleotide catabolic process positive regulation of nucleotide catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. GOC:mah The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. granulocyte cell differentiation granulocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. GOC:ecd http://life.nthu.edu.tw/~g864204/dict-search1.htm Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. regulation of granulocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. down regulation of granulocyte differentiation down-regulation of granulocyte differentiation downregulation of granulocyte differentiation inhibition of granulocyte differentiation negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. up regulation of granulocyte differentiation up-regulation of granulocyte differentiation upregulation of granulocyte differentiation activation of granulocyte differentiation stimulation of granulocyte differentiation positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. mammogenesis mammary gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. PMID:9576833 mammogenesis GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation. regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation. down regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation down-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation downregulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell activation negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation. GOC:mah Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation. up regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation up-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation activation of myeloid dendritic cell activation stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation. GOC:mah Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane. MACIT transmembrane collagen trimer Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane. ISBN:0721639976 MACIT ISBN:0198599587 A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. intraflagellar transport complex intraflagellar transport particle IFT complex Note that we deem cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent. intraciliary transport particle A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. GOC:cilia GOC:kmv PMID:14570576 PMID:22118932 PMID:23945166 A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix proteinaceous extracellular matrix matrisome extracellular matrix A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. GOC:BHF GOC:mah GOC:rph NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 PMID:21123617 PMID:28089324 Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted. NIF_Subcellular:sao772007592 dense core vesicle dense core granule Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted. NIF_Subcellular:sao772007592 PMID:14690495 dense core vesicle GOC:kmv A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 intracellular membrane organelle membrane A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. GOC:dos GOC:mah intracellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass). Wikipedia:Regeneration_(biology) regeneration The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass). GOC:mah GOC:pr A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement. pseudopodium organisation pseudopodium organization and biogenesis pseudopodium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement. GOC:pg pseudopodium organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. regulation of cellular metabolism Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. down regulation of cellular metabolic process down-regulation of cellular metabolic process downregulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of cellular metabolism inhibition of cellular metabolic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. positive regulation of cellular metabolism up regulation of cellular metabolic process up-regulation of cellular metabolic process upregulation of cellular metabolic process activation of cellular metabolic process stimulation of cellular metabolic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. regulation of cellular anabolism regulation of cellular biosynthesis regulation of cellular formation regulation of cellular synthesis Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular anabolism negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis negative regulation of cellular formation negative regulation of cellular synthesis inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. positive regulation of cellular anabolism positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis positive regulation of cellular formation positive regulation of cellular synthesis up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process activation of cellular biosynthetic process stimulation of cellular biosynthetic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. regulation of cellular breakdown regulation of cellular catabolism regulation of cellular degradation Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. down regulation of cellular catabolic process down-regulation of cellular catabolic process downregulation of cellular catabolic process negative regulation of cellular breakdown negative regulation of cellular catabolism negative regulation of cellular degradation inhibition of cellular catabolic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. positive regulation of cellular breakdown positive regulation of cellular catabolism positive regulation of cellular degradation up regulation of cellular catabolic process up-regulation of cellular catabolic process upregulation of cellular catabolic process activation of cellular catabolic process stimulation of cellular catabolic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. regulation of cell projection organisation regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis regulation of cell projection organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. down regulation of cell projection organization down-regulation of cell projection organization downregulation of cell projection organization negative regulation of cell projection organisation inhibition of cell projection organization negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis negative regulation of cell projection organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah down regulation of cell projection organization GOC:mah negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. positive regulation of cell projection organisation up regulation of cell projection organization up-regulation of cell projection organization upregulation of cell projection organization activation of cell projection organization stimulation of cell projection organization positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis positive regulation of cell projection organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. regulation of defense response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. down regulation of defense response down-regulation of defense response downregulation of defense response inhibition of defense response negative regulation of defense response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. up regulation of defense response up-regulation of defense response upregulation of defense response activation of defense response stimulation of defense response positive regulation of defense response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769 cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:ai GOC:mah GOC:vesicles A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of protein complex localization protein complex localisation cellular protein complex localisation cellular protein complex localization cellular protein-containing complex localization establishment and maintenance of cellular protein complex localization protein complex localization protein-containing complex localization A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah protein complex localisation GOC:mah cellular protein complex localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. regulation of neurological process regulation of neurological system process regulation of neurophysiological process regulation of nervous system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. down regulation of neurological process down-regulation of neurological process downregulation of neurological process negative regulation of neurological process negative regulation of neurological system process negative regulation of neurophysiological process inhibition of neurological process negative regulation of nervous system process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb negative regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. positive regulation of neurological process positive regulation of neurological system process positive regulation of neurophysiological process up regulation of neurological process up-regulation of neurological process upregulation of neurological process activation of neurological process stimulation of neurological process positive regulation of nervous system process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb positive regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. down regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process down-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process downregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism inhibition of glucocorticoid metabolic process negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism up regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process up-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process upregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process activation of glucocorticoid metabolic process stimulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. down regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process down-regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process downregulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process inhibition of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. up regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process up-regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process upregulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process activation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process stimulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process positive regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. GOC:mah Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. NIF_Subcellular:sao1687101204 nuclear membrane Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. GOC:mah GOC:pz Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope. NIF_Subcellular:sao1045389829 mitochondrial membrane Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope. GOC:mah NIF_Subcellular:sao1045389829 A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. organelle envelope A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. GOC:mah GOC:pz The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. membrane-enclosed lumen The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. GOC:add GOC:mah The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. nuclear lumen The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. GOC:mah GOC:pz Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao221389602 Wikipedia:Vesicle_(biology) membrane-bounded vesicle membrane-enclosed vesicle vesicle Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. GOC:mah GOC:pz GOC:vesicles Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. up regulation of insulin secretion up-regulation of insulin secretion upregulation of insulin secretion activation of insulin secretion stimulation of insulin secretion positive regulation of insulin secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. mitochondrial DNA metabolism mtDNA metabolic process mtDNA metabolism mitochondrial DNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. GOC:mah The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. blebbing membrane blebbing cell blebbing plasma membrane bleb assembly plasma membrane blebbing bleb assembly The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:12083798 PMID:16624291 Wikipedia:Bleb_(cell_biology) blebbing GOC:pr membrane blebbing GOC:pr plasma membrane bleb assembly GOC:pr plasma membrane blebbing GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. down regulation of response to external stimulus down-regulation of response to external stimulus downregulation of response to external stimulus inhibition of response to external stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. up regulation of response to external stimulus up-regulation of response to external stimulus upregulation of response to external stimulus activation of response to external stimulus stimulation of response to external stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. down regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic down-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic downregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic inhibition of synaptic transmission, cholinergic negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. up regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic up-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic upregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic activation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic stimulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:mah The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. gonadotrophin secretion gonadotropin secretion The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. GOC:mah ISBN:0721662544 The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. luteinizing hormone secretion The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. regulation of gonadotrophin secretion regulation of gonadotropin secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. down regulation of gonadotropin secretion down-regulation of gonadotropin secretion downregulation of gonadotropin secretion negative regulation of gonadotrophin secretion inhibition of gonadotropin secretion negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. GOC:mah negative regulation of gonadotrophin secretion GOC:dph Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. positive regulation of gonadotrophin secretion up regulation of gonadotropin secretion up-regulation of gonadotropin secretion upregulation of gonadotropin secretion activation of gonadotropin secretion stimulation of gonadotropin secretion positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. GOC:mah positive regulation of gonadotrophin secretion GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. regulation of hormone metabolism regulation of hormone metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. down regulation of hormone metabolic process down-regulation of hormone metabolic process downregulation of hormone metabolic process negative regulation of hormone metabolism inhibition of hormone metabolic process negative regulation of hormone metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. positive regulation of hormone metabolism up regulation of hormone metabolic process up-regulation of hormone metabolic process upregulation of hormone metabolic process activation of hormone metabolic process stimulation of hormone metabolic process positive regulation of hormone metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. down regulation of hormone biosynthetic process down-regulation of hormone biosynthetic process downregulation of hormone biosynthetic process inhibition of hormone biosynthetic process negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of lipid transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of lipid transport down-regulation of lipid transport downregulation of lipid transport inhibition of lipid transport negative regulation of lipid transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of lipid transport up-regulation of lipid transport upregulation of lipid transport activation of lipid transport stimulation of lipid transport positive regulation of lipid transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. regulation of intracellular transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. down regulation of intracellular transport down-regulation of intracellular transport downregulation of intracellular transport inhibition of intracellular transport negative regulation of intracellular transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. up regulation of intracellular transport up-regulation of intracellular transport upregulation of intracellular transport activation of intracellular transport stimulation of intracellular transport positive regulation of intracellular transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. regulation of transporter activity Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. GOC:mah Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. down regulation of transporter activity down-regulation of transporter activity downregulation of transporter activity inhibition of transporter activity negative regulation of transporter activity Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. up regulation of transporter activity up-regulation of transporter activity upregulation of transporter activity activation of transporter activity stimulation of transporter activity positive regulation of transporter activity Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. GOC:mah An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. actin cable actin filament bundle An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. GOC:mah actin cable GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings. Golgi calcium ion concentration regulation calcium ion homeostasis in Golgi regulation of Golgi calcium ion concentration regulation of calcium ion concentration in Golgi Golgi calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings. GOC:mah Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. organismal physiological process single-multicellular organism process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. multicellular organismal process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. development single-organism developmental process developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GOC:isa_complete The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code. mitochondrial protein anabolism mitochondrial protein biosynthesis mitochondrial protein formation mitochondrial protein synthesis mitochondrial protein translation mitochondrial translation The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. protein translocation within membrane receptor translocation within membrane receptor transport within lipid bilayer protein transport within lipid bilayer The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. GOC:mah The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. IFNG production interferon-gamma production type II IFN production interferon-gamma biosynthetic process interferon-gamma secretion type II interferon production The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. GOC:add GOC:mah PMID:15546383 IFNG production GOC:mah type II IFN production GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. regulation of interferon-gamma production regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process regulation of interferon-gamma secretion regulation of type II interferon production Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. GOC:add GOC:mah PMID:15546383 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. down regulation of interferon-gamma production down-regulation of interferon-gamma production downregulation of interferon-gamma production negative regulation of interferon-gamma production inhibition of interferon-gamma production negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process negative regulation of interferon-gamma secretion negative regulation of type II interferon production Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. GOC:add GOC:mah PMID:15546383 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. positive regulation of interferon-gamma production up regulation of interferon-gamma production up-regulation of interferon-gamma production upregulation of interferon-gamma production activation of interferon-gamma production positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion stimulation of interferon-gamma production positive regulation of type II interferon production Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. GOC:add GOC:mah PMID:15546383 The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue. bile acid secretion The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue. GOC:ecd The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). monocarboxylate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolism monocarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). GOC:vk Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. down regulation of epinephrine secretion down-regulation of epinephrine secretion downregulation of epinephrine secretion negative regulation of adrenaline secretion inhibition of epinephrine secretion negative regulation of epinephrine secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. GOC:vk Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. positive regulation of adrenaline secretion up regulation of epinephrine secretion up-regulation of epinephrine secretion upregulation of epinephrine secretion activation of epinephrine secretion stimulation of epinephrine secretion positive regulation of epinephrine secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. GOC:vk All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. regulation of localisation regulation of localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah regulation of localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. regulation of cellular protein localisation regulation of cellular protein localization regulation of protein localisation regulation of protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides. regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides. regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. regulation of microtubule-based process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of organic acid transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of organic acid transport down-regulation of organic acid transport downregulation of organic acid transport inhibition of organic acid transport negative regulation of organic acid transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of organic acid transport up-regulation of organic acid transport upregulation of organic acid transport activation of organic acid transport stimulation of organic acid transport positive regulation of organic acid transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah The controlled release of a substance by a cell. Wikipedia:Secretion cellular secretion secretion by cell The controlled release of a substance by a cell. GOC:mah The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. tissue secretion expulsion of gland contents secretion by tissue The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. GOC:mah expulsion of gland contents GOC:mah The process in which a cellular entity is generated and organized. A cellular entity has granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. cellular component morphogenesis cellular structure morphogenesis cellular anatomical entity morphogenesis The process in which a cellular entity is generated and organized. A cellular entity has granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb cellular structure morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. macromolecular complex macromolecule complex protein containing complex protein complex protein-protein complex A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole. protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GOC:dos GOC:mah A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. DNA-protein complex Note that this term is intended to classify complexes that have DNA as one of the members of the complex, that is, the complex does not exist if DNA is not present. Protein complexes that interact with DNA e.g. transcription factor complexes should not be classified here. protein-DNA complex A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. GOC:mah DNA-protein complex GOC:mah A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin. immunoglobulin receptor complex Fc-receptor complex FcR complex Fc receptor complex A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG. IgG receptor complex immunoglobulin G receptor complex FcgRIII complex Fc-gamma receptor III complex A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:11244038 PMID:12413532 The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole metabolism tetrapyrrole metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. GOC:mah Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. macromolecule localisation macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah macromolecule localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. regulation of organelle organisation regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis regulation of organelle organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:mah regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. regulation of chromosome organisation regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis regulation of chromosome organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. GOC:mah regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:mah regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. regulation of sister chromatid segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides. regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism regulation of purine nucleotide degradation regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides. negative regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism negative regulation of purine nucleotide degradation negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides. positive regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism positive regulation of purine nucleotide degradation positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides. GOC:mah The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). Wikipedia:V(D)J_recombination V(D)J joining V-D-J joining V-D-J recombination V-J joining V-J recombination V(D)J recombination The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). GOC:add ISBN:0781700221 ISBN:0781735149 The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. immunoglobulin V(D)J joining immunoglobulin V-D-J joining immunoglobulin V-D-J recombination immunoglobulin V-J joining immunoglobulin V-J recombination immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 immunoglobulin V(D)J joining GOC:add immunoglobulin V-D-J joining GOC:add immunoglobulin V-D-J recombination GOC:add immunoglobulin V-J joining GOC:add immunoglobulin V-J recombination GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. secretory granule organisation secretory granule organization and biogenesis secretory granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. GOC:mah secretory granule organisation GOC:mah secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. protein localisation to organelle protein localization in organelle protein localization to organelle A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. GOC:mah protein localisation to organelle GOC:mah protein localization in organelle GOC:mah A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell. carbohydrate homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. down regulation of dopamine secretion down-regulation of dopamine secretion downregulation of dopamine secretion inhibition of dopamine secretion negative regulation of dopamine secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. GOC:sl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. up regulation of dopamine secretion up-regulation of dopamine secretion upregulation of dopamine secretion activation of dopamine secretion stimulation of dopamine secretion positive regulation of dopamine secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. GOC:sl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. down regulation of catecholamine secretion down-regulation of catecholamine secretion downregulation of catecholamine secretion inhibition of catecholamine secretion negative regulation of catecholamine secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. up regulation of catecholamine secretion up-regulation of catecholamine secretion upregulation of catecholamine secretion activation of catecholamine secretion stimulation of catecholamine secretion positive regulation of catecholamine secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. down regulation of kinase activity down-regulation of kinase activity downregulation of kinase activity inhibition of kinase activity kinase inhibitor negative regulation of kinase activity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. up regulation of kinase activity up-regulation of kinase activity upregulation of kinase activity kinase activator stimulation of kinase activity positive regulation of kinase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. down regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion down-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion downregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. up regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion up-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion upregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion activation of luteinizing hormone secretion stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. GOC:mah Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. RBC homeostasis red blood cell homeostasis erythrocyte homeostasis Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. GOC:add PMID:10694114 PMID:14754397 RBC homeostasis CL:0000232 red blood cell homeostasis CL:0000232 The process in which a carbohydrate is transported across a membrane. carbohydrate membrane transport transmembrane carbohydrate transport Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. carbohydrate transmembrane transport The process in which a carbohydrate is transported across a membrane. GOC:mah transmembrane carbohydrate transport GOC:dph GOC:tb A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. ion transmembrane transport ion membrane transport transmembrane ion transport ATP hydrolysis coupled ion transmembrane transport Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. monoatomic ion transmembrane transport A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. GOC:mah transmembrane ion transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. regulation of amide metabolism regulation of cellular amide metabolic process regulation of amide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. negative regulation of amide metabolism negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process negative regulation of amide metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. positive regulation of amide metabolism positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process positive regulation of amide metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:mah nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. regulation of membrane transport regulation of transmembrane transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. down regulation of transmembrane transport down-regulation of transmembrane transport downregulation of transmembrane transport negative regulation of membrane transport inhibition of transmembrane transport negative regulation of transmembrane transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. positive regulation of membrane transport up regulation of transmembrane transport up-regulation of transmembrane transport upregulation of transmembrane transport activation of transmembrane transport stimulation of transmembrane transport positive regulation of transmembrane transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. regulation of ion transmembrane transport regulation of ion membrane transport regulation of transmembrane ion transport regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah regulation of transmembrane ion transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. negative regulation of ion transmembrane transport down regulation of transmembrane ion transport down-regulation of transmembrane ion transport downregulation of transmembrane ion transport negative regulation of ion membrane transport negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport inhibition of transmembrane ion transport negative regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport positive regulation of ion membrane transport positive regulation of transmembrane ion transport up regulation of transmembrane ion transport up-regulation of transmembrane ion transport upregulation of transmembrane ion transport activation of transmembrane ion transport stimulation of transmembrane ion transport positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import. mitochondrial protein modification mitochondrial protein processing The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import. GOC:curators The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. ciliary axoneme assembly cilium axoneme assembly flagellar axoneme assembly flagellum axoneme assembly axoneme biogenesis cilium axoneme biogenesis Note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. GOC:bf GOC:cilia GOC:jl ISBN:0815316194 axoneme biogenesis GOC:mah cilium axoneme biogenesis GOC:mah Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. tube lumen formation lumen formation in an anatomical structure tube formation Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. GOC:bf tube lumen formation GOC:dph GOC:mah lumen formation in an anatomical structure GOC:dph GOC:mah The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. GOC:bf PMID:14624839 The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. organ growth The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. GOC:bf ISBN:0471245208 ISBN:0721662544 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. PMID:12526790 An immunoglobulin-like complex that is present in at least the plasma membrane of pre-B cells, and that is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two surrogate light chains, each composed of the lambda-5 and VpreB proteins, and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. pre-BCR Despite its name, the pre-BCR is not a receptor complex, as it appears to provide a low level of signal not dependent on a ligand, but rather simply on correct assembly of the complex as a measure for correct Ig heavy chain recombination and folding. A significant proportion of pre-BCR complexes fail to reach the cell surface, and in some cases may provide their signaling function from the trans-Golgi network or lysosome. pre-B cell receptor complex An immunoglobulin-like complex that is present in at least the plasma membrane of pre-B cells, and that is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two surrogate light chains, each composed of the lambda-5 and VpreB proteins, and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. GOC:add ISBN:0781765196 PMID:16464608 PMID:17306522 The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. intracellular signal transduction pathway signal transmission via intracellular cascade intracellular signaling cascade intracellular signaling pathway intracellular signal transduction The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl GOC:signaling ISBN:3527303782 intracellular signaling cascade GOC:signaling The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region establishment of protein localization in extracellular region establishment of protein localization to extracellular region The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. GOC:BHF GOC:bf establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region GOC:mah The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. intraflagellar transport Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 intraciliary transport involved in cilium morphogenesis intraflagellar transport involved in cilium morphogenesis intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. GOC:bf GOC:cilia Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. regulation of urinary volume regulation of urine flow regulation of urine volume Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. GOC:mtg_25march11 GOC:yaf The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system. PTH secretion parathormone secretion parathyrin secretion parathyroid hormone secretion The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system. GOC:cjm PMID:12171519 PMID:21164021 PTH secretion PMID:12171519 PR:000013429 parathormone secretion PR:000013429 parathyrin secretion PR:000013429 The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system. steroid hormone secretion The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system. GOC:sl The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system. corticosteroid secretion corticosteroid hormone secretion The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system. GOC:sl corticosteroid secretion GOC:bf The regulated release of any mineralocorticoid into the circulatory system. Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism. mineralocorticoid secretion The regulated release of any mineralocorticoid into the circulatory system. Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism. GOC:sl The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney. aldosterone secretion The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney. GOC:sl The regulated release of an androgen into the circulatory system. Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. androgen secretion The regulated release of an androgen into the circulatory system. Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. GOC:sl The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. direct ossification The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. GO_REF:0000034 Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation. indirect ossification replacement ossification Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation. GO_REF:0000034 indirect ossification GO_REF:0000034 The regulated release of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of a group of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, and stimulate the production of melanin to increase pigmentation. MSH secretion melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion The regulated release of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of a group of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, and stimulate the production of melanin to increase pigmentation. GOC:cjm Wikipedia:Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone MSH secretion GOC:cjm The regulated release of calcitonin, a peptide hormone that participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, from a cell. calcitonin secretion The regulated release of calcitonin, a peptide hormone that participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, from a cell. GOC:cjm A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. myocyte projection muscle arm myopodia muscle cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. CL:0000187 GOC:kmv PMID:15930100 PMID:22464329 myocyte projection CL:0000187 muscle arm GOC:kmv myopodia GOC:kmv Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. response to lowered oxygen levels This term should be used when a decrease in oxygen levels is not considered a stress response. For a hypoxic stress response, consider instead 'response to hypoxia ; GO:0001666'. response to decreased oxygen levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. GOC:al response to lowered oxygen levels GOC:bf The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. somatodendritic compartment The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. GOC:PARL GOC:pad Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. receptor activity receptor activity involved in signal transduction signalling receptor activity signaling receptor activity Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. GOC:bf GOC:signaling receptor activity involved in signal transduction GOC:bf The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. growth pattern non-developmental growth See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'. growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GOC:bf GOC:ma non-developmental growth GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. regulation of growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. GOC:ems GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. locomotion Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. GOC:dgh Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. regulation of locomotion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:ems Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. down regulation of locomotion down-regulation of locomotion downregulation of locomotion inhibition of locomotion negative regulation of locomotion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:go_curators The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. embryonic cleavage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. GOC:clt ISBN:0070524300 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. up regulation of locomotion up-regulation of locomotion upregulation of locomotion activation of locomotion stimulation of locomotion positive regulation of locomotion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. up regulation of embryonic development up-regulation of embryonic development upregulation of embryonic development activation of embryonic development stimulation of embryonic development positive regulation of embryonic development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. regulation of meiosis regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. GOC:ems GOC:ma regulation of meiosis GOC:vw The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. fluid transport The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. Wikipedia:Wound_healing wound healing The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:bf PMID:15269788 The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. Wikipedia:Intraflagellar_transport intraflagellar transport intraflagellar transport involved in cilium organization intraflagellar transport involved in microtubule-based flagellum organisation IFT Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. intraciliary transport The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. GOC:cilia GOC:kmv PMID:17981739 PMID:18180368 PMID:22869374 Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). cell migration involved in gastrulation The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). GOC:jl ISBN:0878932437 http://www.cellmigration.org/ An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects. T-helper 2 type immune response Th2 immune response type 2 immune response An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:18000958 PMID:18007680 PMID:20065995 PMID:20200518 T-helper 2 type immune response GOC:add Th2 immune response GOC:add A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains. Wikipedia:T_cell_receptor T lymphocyte receptor complex T-cell receptor complex T-lymphocyte receptor complex TCR complex TCR T cell receptor complex A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains. GOC:mah ISBN:0781735149 TCR complex GOC:bf The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. T lymphocyte activation T-cell activation T-lymphocyte activation T cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. B lymphocyte activation B-cell activation B-lymphocyte activation B cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. regulation of cell proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. ketone metabolism cellular ketone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. GOC:jl ISBN:0787650153 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. response to chemical stimulus response to chemical substance Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to chemical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GOC:jl response to chemical stimulus GOC:dos The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. tissue regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. GOC:curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of phosphorylation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. down regulation of phosphorylation down-regulation of phosphorylation downregulation of phosphorylation inhibition of phosphorylation Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of phosphorylation Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. up regulation of phosphorylation up-regulation of phosphorylation upregulation of phosphorylation activation of phosphorylation stimulation of phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. GOC:jl The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. Wikipedia:Taxis directed movement in response to stimulus taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. GOC:jl ISBN:0192801023 The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). vitamin D metabolism calciferol metabolic process calciferol metabolism cholecalciferol metabolic process cholecalciferol metabolism ergocalciferol metabolic process ergocalciferol metabolism vitamin D metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). GOC:mah ISBN:0471331309 The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. tocopherol metabolic process tocopherol metabolism vitamin E metabolism alpha-tocopherol metabolic process alpha-tocopherol metabolism vitamin E metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule. naphthoquinone metabolic process naphthoquinone metabolism vitamin K metabolism vitamin K metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule. GOC:jl http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/thcme/vitamins.html#k Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. regulation of membrane potential Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. thyroid hormone metabolism thyroid hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. indole and derivative metabolic process indole and derivative metabolism indole-containing compound metabolism ketole metabolic process ketole metabolism indole derivative metabolic process indole derivative metabolism indole-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GOC:jl GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. indole derivative biosynthesis indole derivative biosynthetic process indole-containing compound anabolism indole-containing compound biosynthesis indole-containing compound formation indole-containing compound synthesis indole-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. hormone metabolism cellular hormone metabolic process hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. hormone anabolism hormone biosynthesis hormone formation hormone synthesis hormone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. GOC:jl The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. odontogeny odontosis tooth development odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth Note that placoid scales found in the cartilaginous fishes presumably develop through the same processes, but are found on the dermis, rather than in the mouth or pharynx. See Wikipedia:Placoid_scale#Placoid_scales. odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. GOC:cjm GOC:mah GOC:mtg_sensu PMID:10333884 PMID:15355794 odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. Wikipedia:Odontogenesis odontogeny odontosis tooth morphogenesis odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth tooth development odontogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. regulation of tooth development regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth regulation of odontogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. positive regulation of tooth development up regulation of odontogenesis up-regulation of odontogenesis upregulation of odontogenesis activation of odontogenesis positive regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth stimulation of odontogenesis positive regulation of odontogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. down regulation of odontogenesis down-regulation of odontogenesis downregulation of odontogenesis negative regulation of tooth development inhibition of odontogenesis negative regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth negative regulation of odontogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates. regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_sensu PMID:15355794 regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates. activation of odontogenesis stimulation of odontogenesis up regulation of odontogenesis up-regulation of odontogenesis upregulation of odontogenesis positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates. GOC:jl PMID:15355794 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx. down regulation of odontogenesis down-regulation of odontogenesis downregulation of odontogenesis inhibition of odontogenesis negative regulation of odontogenesis negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_sensu PMID:15355794 An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component. Wikipedia:Antibody antibody Note that an immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available. immunoglobulin complex, circulating An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 antibody GOC:add Primary lysosomal granule readily stainable with a Romanowsky stain. primary granule azurophil granule Primary lysosomal granule readily stainable with a Romanowsky stain. GOC:jl PMID:17152095 PMID:28717070 PMID:5914694 WIKIPEDIA:Azurophilic_granule A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme. zymogen granule A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule. zymogen granule membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule. GOC:jl Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. homeostasis activation of homeostatic process inhibition of homeostatic process negative regulation of homeostatic process positive regulation of homeostatic process regulation of homeostatic process homeostatic process Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. glucose homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. GOC:go_curators A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen. MHC protein complex A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen. GOC:add GOC:jl ISBN:0781735149 PMID:15928678 PMID:16153240 A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen. MHC class II protein complex A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen. GOC:add GOC:jl ISBN:0120781859 PMID:15928678 The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined. mitochondrial nucleoid The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined. GOC:jl The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract. sperm ejaculation The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin. Wikipedia:Fibrinolysis fibrinolysis A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin. GOC:jl PMID:15842654 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur. regulation of sulfur metabolism regulation of sulphur metabolic process regulation of sulphur metabolism regulation of sulfur metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. amide transport The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. regulation of apoptosis apoptosis regulator activity This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. regulation of apoptotic process Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. cell process cellular process cellular projection cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. NIF_Subcellular:sao867568886 neuron process neuron protrusion neuronal cell projection neurite nerve fiber neuron projection A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ neuron protrusion NIF_Subcellular:sao250931889 nerve fiber GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. chordate embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. GOC:mtg_sensu The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. Wikipedia:Dendritic_cell myeloid dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. CL:0000782 GOC:jl The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. NIF_Subcellular:sao1044911821 Wikipedia:Soma_(biology) neuron cell body neuronal cell soma Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections. neuronal cell body The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. GOC:go_curators A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. extracellular structure organisation extracellular structure organization and biogenesis extracellular structure organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah extracellular structure organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. up regulation of apoptosis up-regulation of apoptosis upregulation of apoptosis activation of apoptosis positive regulation of apoptosis stimulation of apoptosis pro-apoptosis This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is positively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. positive regulation of apoptotic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. anti-apoptosis down regulation of apoptosis down-regulation of apoptosis downregulation of apoptosis inhibition of apoptosis negative regulation of apoptosis apoptosis inhibitor activity pro-survival This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is negatively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. negative regulation of apoptotic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death regulation of programmed cell death Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. up regulation of programmed cell death up-regulation of programmed cell death upregulation of programmed cell death activation of programmed cell death positive regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death stimulation of programmed cell death positive regulation of programmed cell death Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. down regulation of programmed cell death down-regulation of programmed cell death downregulation of programmed cell death inhibition of programmed cell death negative regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death negative regulation of programmed cell death Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. positive regulation of enzyme activity up regulation of enzyme activity up-regulation of enzyme activity upregulation of enzyme activity activation of enzyme activity activation of metalloenzyme activity positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity stimulation of enzyme activity stimulation of metalloenzyme activity up regulation of metalloenzyme activity up-regulation of metalloenzyme activity upregulation of metalloenzyme activity positive regulation of catalytic activity Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ebc GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw positive regulation of enzyme activity GOC:tb Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. down regulation of enzyme activity down-regulation of enzyme activity down-regulation of metalloenzyme activity downregulation of enzyme activity negative regulation of enzyme activity down regulation of metalloenzyme activity downregulation of metalloenzyme activity inhibition of enzyme activity inhibition of metalloenzyme activity negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity negative regulation of catalytic activity Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ebc GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw negative regulation of enzyme activity GOC:tb Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of translational machinery localization establishment and maintenance of translational protein localization regulation of translation by machinery localisation translational machinery localization translational protein localization regulation of translation by machinery localization Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:jl regulation of translation by machinery localisation GOC:mah translational machinery localization GOC:dph GOC:tb The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biopolymer metabolic process macromolecule metabolism organismal macromolecule metabolism multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. response to external biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131 Wikipedia:Organelle organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao414196390 membrane-enclosed organelle membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. NIF_Subcellular:sao1456184038 non-membrane-enclosed organelle biological condensate non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. extracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. GOC:jl PMID:9914479 Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. GOC:go_curators The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. organelle lumen The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. receptor complex Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. regulation of carbohydrate anabolism regulation of carbohydrate biosynthesis regulation of carbohydrate formation regulation of carbohydrate synthesis regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. GOC:jl Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. extracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of ion transport regulation of monoatomic ion transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of ion transport up-regulation of ion transport upregulation of ion transport activation of ion transport stimulation of ion transport positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. negative regulation of ion transport down regulation of ion transport down-regulation of ion transport downregulation of ion transport inhibition of ion transport negative regulation of monoatomic ion transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. contractile fibre contractile muscle fiber Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0815316194 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). keto acid metabolic process keto acid metabolism ketoacid metabolic process ketoacid metabolism oxo acid metabolic process oxo acid metabolism oxoacid metabolism oxoacid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). Wikipedia:Oxyacid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. GOC:mlg Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. regulation of kinase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. amide metabolism cellular amide metabolic process Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. amide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. amide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. GOC:curators Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+. EC:1.2.1.59 MetaCyc:GAPDHSYNEC-RXN D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) (phosphorylating) triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) NAD(P)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+. EC:1.2.1.59 NAD(P)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity EC:1.2.1.59 triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) EC:1.2.1.59 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. glucan metabolism glucan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. regulation of system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. regulation of digestive system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. regulation of endocrine system process regulation of endocrine process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. regulation of excretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. regulation of respiratory system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. GOC:jl A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. cellular component biogenesis at cellular level cellular component biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. regulation of cellular component biogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. GOC:jl Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. negative regulation of molecular function Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GO:jl Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. positive regulation of molecular function Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GO:jl The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. cellular metabolism intermediary metabolism This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:go_curators intermediary metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. primary metabolism primary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. GOC:go_curators http://www.metacyc.org The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular breakdown cellular catabolism cellular degradation cellular catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular anabolism cellular biosynthesis cellular formation cellular synthesis This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. cellular lipid metabolism cellular lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. sulfur compound anabolism sulfur compound biosynthesis sulfur compound formation sulfur compound synthesis sulfur biosynthesis sulfur biosynthetic process sulfur compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. small molecule metabolism Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. small molecule biosynthesis Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. FBbt:00005107 FMA:67301 Wikipedia:Cell_body cell soma Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections. cell body The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. GOC:go_curators Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species. interaction with another species interspecies interaction interspecies interaction between organisms interspecies interaction with other organisms biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species. GOC:cc The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium. motile primary cilia assembly motile primary cilia formation motile primary cilium assembly motile primary cilium formation nodal cilium assembly nodal cilium formation motile cilium assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000079 PMID:19776033 PMID:21129373 ZFIN:dsf motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. multi-organism reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. GOC:jl A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. multi-multicellular organism process A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. microtubule-based flagellum organization Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:cilia GOC:jl The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation. Wikipedia:Thymocyte T lymphocyte selection T-cell selection T-lymphocyte selection T cell selection The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation. ISBN:0781735149 PMID:12414722 Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Wikipedia:Innate_immune_system innate immunity nonspecific immune response innate immune response Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. GOC:add GOC:ebc GOC:mtg_sensu GO_REF:0000022 innate immunity GOC:pg Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. regulation of innate immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. GOC:ebc Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. up regulation of innate immune response up-regulation of innate immune response upregulation of innate immune response stimulation of innate immune response positive regulation of innate immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. GOC:ebc A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins. acidic keratin basic/neutral keratin keratin filament A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins. ISBN:0716731363 Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell. intermediate filament cytoskeleton Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell. ISBN:0716731363 The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. meiotic chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:mah The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle. meiosis II, chromosome segregation meiotic sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai ISBN:0815316194 The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. establishment of protein localisation protein positioning protein recruitment establishment of protein localization The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. GOC:bf establishment of protein localisation GOC:mah The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Wikipedia:Immunoglobulin_class_switching class switch recombination class switching isotype switch recombination Note that IgM and IgD can be coexpressed by B cells via an alternate splicing mechanism, but true recombinational isotype switching to IgD has been demonstrated as well. Note that this term is best used to annotate gene products which are involved in the mechanism of DNA recombination used in isotype switching, like the B cell specific Swap70 factor in the mouse, rather than gene products which promote isotype switching such as cytokines or co-stimulatory molecules, which should instead be annotated to 'regulation of isotype switching ; GO:0045191'. isotype switching The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. ISBN:0781735149 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. regulation of class switch recombination regulation of class switching regulation of isotype switch recombination regulation of isotype switching Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. GOC:ai The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699 Wikipedia:Chemical_synapse synaptic junction mixed synapse electrotonic synapse synapse The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. GOC:aruk ISBN:0198506732 PMID:24619342 PMID:29383328 PMID:31998110 mixed synapse NIF_Subcellular:sao1506103497 electrotonic synapse NIF_Subcellular:sao1311109124 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell. external encapsulating structure organisation external encapsulating structure organization and biogenesis external encapsulating structure organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah external encapsulating structure organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. Wikipedia:Immunologic_activation immune cell activation leucocyte activation leukocyte activation A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation regulation of B-cell differentiation regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation regulation of B cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. regulation of B cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators regulation of B cell development GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. down regulation of B cell differentiation down-regulation of B cell differentiation downregulation of B cell differentiation negative regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation negative regulation of B-cell differentiation negative regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation inhibition of B cell differentiation negative regulation of B cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. negative regulation of B cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of B cell development GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. positive regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation positive regulation of B-cell differentiation positive regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation up regulation of B cell differentiation up-regulation of B cell differentiation upregulation of B cell differentiation activation of B cell differentiation stimulation of B cell differentiation positive regulation of B cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. positive regulation of B cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of B cell development GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation regulation of T-cell differentiation regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation regulation of T cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. regulation of T cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators regulation of T cell development GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. down regulation of T cell differentiation down-regulation of T cell differentiation downregulation of T cell differentiation negative regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation negative regulation of T-cell differentiation negative regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation inhibition of T cell differentiation negative regulation of T cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. negative regulation of T cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of T cell development GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. positive regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation positive regulation of T-cell differentiation positive regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation up regulation of T cell differentiation up-regulation of T cell differentiation upregulation of T cell differentiation activation of T cell differentiation stimulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of T cell development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. positive regulation of T cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of T cell development GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. regulation of cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. down regulation of cell differentiation down-regulation of cell differentiation downregulation of cell differentiation inhibition of cell differentiation negative regulation of cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. up regulation of cell differentiation up-regulation of cell differentiation upregulation of cell differentiation activation of cell differentiation stimulation of cell differentiation positive regulation of cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. regulation of lymphocyte development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. regulation of lymphocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators regulation of lymphocyte development GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. down regulation of lymphocyte differentiation down-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation downregulation of lymphocyte differentiation inhibition of lymphocyte differentiation negative regulation of lymphocyte development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of lymphocyte development GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. up regulation of lymphocyte differentiation up-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation upregulation of lymphocyte differentiation activation of lymphocyte differentiation stimulation of lymphocyte differentiation positive regulation of lymphocyte development Note that immunologists typically use the word 'development' to refer to cells of B or T cell lineages undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of lymphocyte development GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. regulation of myeloid cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. down regulation of myeloid cell differentiation down-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation downregulation of myeloid cell differentiation inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. up regulation of myeloid cell differentiation up-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation upregulation of myeloid cell differentiation activation of myeloid cell differentiation stimulation of myeloid cell differentiation positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. regulation of basophil differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. down regulation of basophil differentiation down-regulation of basophil differentiation downregulation of basophil differentiation inhibition of basophil differentiation negative regulation of basophil differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. up regulation of basophil differentiation up-regulation of basophil differentiation upregulation of basophil differentiation activation of basophil differentiation stimulation of basophil differentiation positive regulation of basophil differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. regulation of RBC differentiation regulation of red blood cell differentiation regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators regulation of RBC differentiation CL:0000232 regulation of red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. down regulation of erythrocyte differentiation down-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation downregulation of erythrocyte differentiation negative regulation of RBC differentiation negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of RBC differentiation CL:0000232 negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. positive regulation of RBC differentiation positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation up regulation of erythrocyte differentiation up-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation upregulation of erythrocyte differentiation activation of erythrocyte differentiation stimulation of erythrocyte differentiation positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of RBC differentiation CL:0000232 positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. regulation of macrophage differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. down regulation of macrophage differentiation down-regulation of macrophage differentiation downregulation of macrophage differentiation inhibition of macrophage differentiation negative regulation of macrophage differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. up regulation of macrophage differentiation up-regulation of macrophage differentiation upregulation of macrophage differentiation activation of macrophage differentiation stimulation of macrophage differentiation positive regulation of macrophage differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. down regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation down-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation downregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation inhibition of megakaryocyte differentiation negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. up regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation up-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation upregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation activation of megakaryocyte differentiation stimulation of megakaryocyte differentiation positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. regulation of monocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. down regulation of monocyte differentiation down-regulation of monocyte differentiation downregulation of monocyte differentiation inhibition of monocyte differentiation negative regulation of monocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. up regulation of monocyte differentiation up-regulation of monocyte differentiation upregulation of monocyte differentiation activation of monocyte differentiation stimulation of monocyte differentiation positive regulation of monocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. regulation of osteoclast differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. down regulation of osteoclast differentiation down-regulation of osteoclast differentiation downregulation of osteoclast differentiation inhibition of osteoclast differentiation negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. up regulation of osteoclast differentiation up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation upregulation of osteoclast differentiation activation of osteoclast differentiation stimulation of osteoclast differentiation positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. down regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation down-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation downregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation inhibition of spermatid nuclear differentiation negative regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. up regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation up-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation upregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation activation of spermatid nuclear differentiation stimulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation positive regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. down regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process down-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process downregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process negative regulation of glycogen anabolism negative regulation of glycogen biosynthesis negative regulation of glycogen formation negative regulation of glycogen synthesis inhibition of glycogen biosynthetic process negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. positive regulation of flagellum assembly up regulation of cilium assembly up-regulation of cilium assembly upregulation of cilium assembly activation of cilium assembly stimulation of cilium assembly positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis positive regulation of cilium assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. GOC:cilia GOC:go_curators positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. positive regulation of glycogen anabolism positive regulation of glycogen biosynthesis positive regulation of glycogen formation positive regulation of glycogen synthesis up regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process up-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process upregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process activation of glycogen biosynthetic process stimulation of glycogen biosynthetic process positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. positive regulation of protein anabolism positive regulation of protein biosynthesis positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process positive regulation of protein formation positive regulation of protein synthesis up regulation of protein biosynthetic process up-regulation of protein biosynthetic process upregulation of protein biosynthetic process activation of protein biosynthetic process stimulation of protein biosynthetic process positive regulation of translation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. down regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway down-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway downregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway negative regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway negative regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway negative regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway inhibition of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity. positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway positive regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway positive regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway stimulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. down regulation of action potential down-regulation of action potential downregulation of action potential inhibition of action potential negative regulation of action potential Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. up regulation of action potential up-regulation of action potential upregulation of action potential activation of action potential stimulation of action potential positive regulation of action potential Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. positive regulation of bone biosynthesis positive regulation of bone formation up regulation of ossification up-regulation of ossification upregulation of ossification activation of ossification stimulation of ossification positive regulation of ossification Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. up regulation of cell adhesion up-regulation of cell adhesion upregulation of cell adhesion activation of cell adhesion stimulation of cell adhesion positive regulation of cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. down regulation of progression through cell cycle down-regulation of progression through cell cycle downregulation of progression through cell cycle negative regulation of cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through cell cycle inhibition of progression through cell cycle negative regulation of cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. positive regulation of cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through cell cycle up regulation of progression through cell cycle up-regulation of progression through cell cycle upregulation of progression through cell cycle activation of progression through cell cycle stimulation of progression through cell cycle positive regulation of cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of progression through cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. down regulation of endocytosis down-regulation of endocytosis downregulation of endocytosis inhibition of endocytosis negative regulation of endocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. up regulation of endocytosis up-regulation of endocytosis upregulation of endocytosis activation of endocytosis stimulation of endocytosis positive regulation of endocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. down regulation of glycogen catabolic process down-regulation of glycogen catabolic process downregulation of glycogen catabolic process negative regulation of glycogen breakdown negative regulation of glycogen catabolism negative regulation of glycogen degradation negative regulation of glycogenolysis inhibition of glycogen catabolic process negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of glycogenolysis GOC:sl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. positive regulation of glycogen breakdown positive regulation of glycogen catabolism positive regulation of glycogen degradation positive regulation of glycogenolysis up regulation of glycogen catabolic process up-regulation of glycogen catabolic process upregulation of glycogen catabolic process activation of glycogen catabolic process stimulation of glycogen catabolic process positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of glycogenolysis GOC:sl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. down regulation of glycolysis down-regulation of glycolysis downregulation of glycolysis inhibition of glycolysis negative regulation of glycolytic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. up regulation of glycolysis up-regulation of glycolysis upregulation of glycolysis activation of glycolysis stimulation of glycolysis positive regulation of glycolytic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. down regulation of heart contraction down-regulation of heart contraction downregulation of heart contraction inhibition of heart contraction negative regulation of cardiac contraction negative regulation of heart contraction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. positive regulation of cardiac contraction up regulation of heart contraction up-regulation of heart contraction upregulation of heart contraction activation of heart contraction stimulation of heart contraction positive regulation of heart contraction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. down regulation of innate immune response down-regulation of innate immune response downregulation of innate immune response inhibition of innate immune response negative regulation of innate immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. down regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process down-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process downregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolism inhibition of isoprenoid metabolic process negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolism up regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process up-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process upregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process activation of isoprenoid metabolic process stimulation of isoprenoid metabolic process positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. down regulation of isotype switching down-regulation of isotype switching downregulation of isotype switching negative regulation of class switch recombination negative regulation of class switching negative regulation of isotype switch recombination inhibition of isotype switching negative regulation of isotype switching Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. positive regulation of class switch recombination positive regulation of class switching positive regulation of isotype switch recombination up regulation of isotype switching up-regulation of isotype switching upregulation of isotype switching activation of isotype switching stimulation of isotype switching positive regulation of isotype switching Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. down regulation of lipid metabolic process down-regulation of lipid metabolic process downregulation of lipid metabolic process negative regulation of lipid metabolism inhibition of lipid metabolic process negative regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. positive regulation of lipid metabolism up regulation of lipid metabolic process up-regulation of lipid metabolic process upregulation of lipid metabolic process activation of lipid metabolic process stimulation of lipid metabolic process positive regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. down regulation of meiosis down-regulation of meiosis downregulation of meiosis negative regulation of meiosis inhibition of meiosis negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. positive regulation of meiosis up regulation of meiosis up-regulation of meiosis upregulation of meiosis activation of meiosis stimulation of meiosis positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. down regulation of mitosis down-regulation of mitosis downregulation of mitosis negative regulation of mitosis inhibition of mitosis negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. positive regulation of mitosis up regulation of mitosis up-regulation of mitosis upregulation of mitosis activation of mitosis mitogenic activity stimulation of mitosis positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. down regulation of proteolysis down-regulation of proteolysis downregulation of proteolysis negative regulation of peptidolysis inhibition of proteolysis negative regulation of proteolysis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. positive regulation of peptidolysis up regulation of proteolysis up-regulation of proteolysis upregulation of proteolysis activation of proteolysis stimulation of proteolysis positive regulation of proteolysis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. down regulation of translational elongation down-regulation of translational elongation downregulation of translational elongation inhibition of translational elongation negative regulation of translational elongation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. up regulation of translational elongation up-regulation of translational elongation upregulation of translational elongation activation of translational elongation stimulation of translational elongation positive regulation of translational elongation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. down regulation of DNA recombination down-regulation of DNA recombination downregulation of DNA recombination inhibition of DNA recombination negative regulation of DNA recombination Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. up regulation of DNA recombination up-regulation of DNA recombination upregulation of DNA recombination activation of DNA recombination stimulation of DNA recombination positive regulation of DNA recombination Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. down regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process downregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolism inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic process negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolism up regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process upregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process activation of carbohydrate metabolic process stimulation of carbohydrate metabolic process positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. down regulation of growth down-regulation of growth downregulation of growth inhibition of growth negative regulation of growth Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. up regulation of growth up-regulation of growth upregulation of growth activation of growth stimulation of growth positive regulation of growth Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. down regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle down-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle downregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle up regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle upregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. down regulation of muscle contraction down-regulation of muscle contraction downregulation of muscle contraction inhibition of muscle contraction negative regulation of muscle contraction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. up regulation of muscle contraction up-regulation of muscle contraction upregulation of muscle contraction activation of muscle contraction stimulation of muscle contraction positive regulation of muscle contraction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. down regulation of phosphate metabolic process down-regulation of phosphate metabolic process downregulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of phosphate metabolism inhibition of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. positive regulation of phosphate metabolism up regulation of phosphate metabolic process up-regulation of phosphate metabolic process upregulation of phosphate metabolic process activation of phosphate metabolic process stimulation of phosphate metabolic process positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. down regulation of steroid metabolic process down-regulation of steroid metabolic process downregulation of steroid metabolic process negative regulation of steroid metabolism inhibition of steroid metabolic process negative regulation of steroid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. positive regulation of steroid metabolism up regulation of steroid metabolic process up-regulation of steroid metabolic process upregulation of steroid metabolic process activation of steroid metabolic process stimulation of steroid metabolic process positive regulation of steroid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. down regulation of nucleotide metabolic process down-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process downregulation of nucleotide metabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide metabolism inhibition of nucleotide metabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. positive regulation of nucleotide metabolism up regulation of nucleotide metabolic process up-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process upregulation of nucleotide metabolic process activation of nucleotide metabolic process stimulation of nucleotide metabolic process positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. down regulation of smooth muscle contraction down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction downregulation of smooth muscle contraction inhibition of smooth muscle contraction smooth muscle relaxation negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. up regulation of smooth muscle contraction up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction upregulation of smooth muscle contraction activation of smooth muscle contraction stimulation of smooth muscle contraction positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. down regulation of striated muscle contraction down-regulation of striated muscle contraction downregulation of striated muscle contraction inhibition of striated muscle contraction negative regulation of striated muscle contraction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. up regulation of striated muscle contraction up-regulation of striated muscle contraction upregulation of striated muscle contraction activation of striated muscle contraction stimulation of striated muscle contraction positive regulation of striated muscle contraction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. down regulation of embryonic development down-regulation of embryonic development downregulation of embryonic development inhibition of embryonic development negative regulation of embryonic development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. regulation of embryonic development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. ADP metabolism ADP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. ADP breakdown ADP catabolism ADP degradation ADP catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. ATP metabolism ATP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. positive regulation of vitamin metabolism up regulation of vitamin metabolic process up-regulation of vitamin metabolic process upregulation of vitamin metabolic process activation of vitamin metabolic process stimulation of vitamin metabolic process positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. down regulation of vitamin metabolic process down-regulation of vitamin metabolic process downregulation of vitamin metabolic process negative regulation of vitamin metabolism inhibition of vitamin metabolic process negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:ai The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. Wikipedia:Glucose_uptake glucose uptake glucose import The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. GOC:ai glucose uptake GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. regulation of glucose uptake regulation of glucose import Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. GOC:ai regulation of glucose uptake GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. down regulation of glucose import down-regulation of glucose import downregulation of glucose import negative regulation of glucose uptake inhibition of glucose import negative regulation of glucose import Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. GOC:ai negative regulation of glucose uptake GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. positive regulation of glucose uptake up regulation of glucose import up-regulation of glucose import upregulation of glucose import activation of glucose import stimulation of glucose import positive regulation of glucose import Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of glucose uptake GOC:dph GOC:tb The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. carboxylic acid anabolism carboxylic acid biosynthesis carboxylic acid formation carboxylic acid synthesis carboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. organophosphate breakdown organophosphate catabolism organophosphate degradation organophosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide. nicotinamide nucleotide metabolism nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide. ISBN:0198506732 The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin. Wikipedia:Salivation salivation saliva secretion The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin. GOC:curators UBERON:0001836 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. regulation of organ growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. GOC:bf GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. negative regulation of organ growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. GOC:bf GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. positive regulation of organ growth Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. GOC:bf GOC:tb A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. lymphocyte activation A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. down regulation of insulin secretion down-regulation of insulin secretion downregulation of insulin secretion inhibition of insulin secretion negative regulation of insulin secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. GOC:ai The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. acid secretion The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue. regulation of saliva secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva. up regulation of saliva secretion up-regulation of saliva secretion upregulation of saliva secretion activation of saliva secretion stimulation of saliva secretion positive regulation of saliva secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva. GOC:ai The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. hormone secretion The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. regulation of hormone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. regulation of hormone anabolism regulation of hormone biosynthesis regulation of hormone formation regulation of hormone synthesis regulation of hormone biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. positive regulation of hormone anabolism positive regulation of hormone biosynthesis positive regulation of hormone formation positive regulation of hormone synthesis up regulation of hormone biosynthetic process up-regulation of hormone biosynthetic process upregulation of hormone biosynthetic process activation of hormone biosynthetic process stimulation of hormone biosynthetic process positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. up regulation of hormone secretion up-regulation of hormone secretion upregulation of hormone secretion activation of hormone secretion stimulation of hormone secretion positive regulation of hormone secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. down regulation of hormone secretion down-regulation of hormone secretion downregulation of hormone secretion inhibition of hormone secretion negative regulation of hormone secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. positive regulation of lipid anabolism positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis positive regulation of lipid formation positive regulation of lipid synthesis positive regulation of lipogenesis up regulation of lipid biosynthetic process up-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process upregulation of lipid biosynthetic process activation of lipid biosynthetic process stimulation of lipid biosynthetic process positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. GOC:ai positive regulation of lipogenesis GOC:sl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. regulation of lipid anabolism regulation of lipid biosynthesis regulation of lipid formation regulation of lipid synthesis regulation of lipogenesis regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. GOC:ai regulation of lipogenesis GOC:sl The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. secretion The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai The directed movement of substances within a cell. single organism intracellular transport single-organism intracellular transport intracellular transport The directed movement of substances within a cell. GOC:ai single organism intracellular transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. down regulation of neurotransmitter secretion down-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion downregulation of neurotransmitter secretion conotoxin activity inhibition of neurotransmitter secretion negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. GOC:ai The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). carboxylic acid transport The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism. cellular ketone body metabolism cellular ketone body metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA. ketone body anabolism ketone body biosynthesis ketone body formation ketone body synthesis ketone body biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA. ISBN:0198506732 The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. somatic stem cell renewal somatic stem cell division The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. GOC:jid ISBN:0582227089 The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids. spermatocyte cell division spermatocyte division The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids. GOC:jid GOC:pr ISBN:0879694238 The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. Golgi-derived vesicle transport Golgi vesicle transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. GOC:jid ISBN:0716731363 PMID:10219233 The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. Golgi vesicle targeting dictyosome vesicle targeting vesicle targeting, to, from or within dictyosome vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. GOC:jid GOC:mah ISBN:0716731363 PMID:10219233 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. regulation of Golgi vesicle targeting regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. GOC:jid GOC:mah ISBN:0716731363 PMID:10219233 Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. male gamete generation Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. GOC:dph GOC:jid A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. sperm activation Avian spermatozoa do not require a period of capacitation, since they are competent to fertilize the egg without a prolonged sojourn in the oviduct or in a capacitation medium in vitro. Therefore, sperm capacitation can only be applied to Aves to refer to gene products involved in processes that occur prior to sperm being deposited from the avian male. The term cannot apply to processes occurring in the avian female reproductive tract. sperm capacitation A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. GOC:jid ISBN:978-3-642-58301-8 PMID:11820818 sperm activation PMID:23180860 The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. adrenaline transport epinephrine transport The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jid The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system. adrenaline secretion epinephrine secretion The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system. GOC:ef GOC:jid The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. noradrenaline secretion norepinephrine secretion The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. GOC:ef GOC:jid The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. organelle fission The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. GOC:jid The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. mesoderm morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. GOC:go_curators The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place. terminal differentiation cell development The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place. GOC:go_curators terminal differentiation GOC:dph GOC:tb The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state. functional differentiation cell maturation The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state. GOC:go_curators functional differentiation GOC:dph The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. Wikipedia:Oogenesis ovum development oogenesis The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:kmv GOC:mtg_sensu GOC:pr ovum development Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Wikipedia:Organogenesis development of an organ organogenesis animal organ development Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:dph GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. spermatid cell differentiation spermatid differentiation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. positive regulation of physiological process up regulation of biological process up-regulation of biological process upregulation of biological process activation of biological process stimulation of biological process positive regulation of biological process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. down regulation of biological process down-regulation of biological process downregulation of biological process negative regulation of physiological process inhibition of biological process negative regulation of biological process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. up regulation of behavior up-regulation of behavior upregulation of behavior activation of behavior stimulation of behavior positive regulation of behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:jid GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. down regulation of behavior down-regulation of behavior downregulation of behavior inhibition of behavior negative regulation of behavior Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:jid GOC:pr Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. positive regulation of cellular physiological process up regulation of cellular process up-regulation of cellular process upregulation of cellular process activation of cellular process stimulation of cellular process positive regulation of cellular process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. down regulation of cellular process down-regulation of cellular process downregulation of cellular process negative regulation of cellular physiological process inhibition of cellular process negative regulation of cellular process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. regulation of post-embryonic development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. down regulation of post-embryonic development down-regulation of post-embryonic development downregulation of post-embryonic development inhibition of post-embryonic development negative regulation of post-embryonic development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. up regulation of post-embryonic development up-regulation of post-embryonic development upregulation of post-embryonic development activation of post-embryonic development stimulation of post-embryonic development positive regulation of post-embryonic development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. up regulation of response to stimulus up-regulation of response to stimulus upregulation of response to stimulus activation of response to stimulus stimulation of response to stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. down regulation of response to stimulus down-regulation of response to stimulus downregulation of response to stimulus inhibition of response to stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. developmental growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. GOC:go_curators The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis embryonic morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. GOC:jid GOC:mtg_sensu embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. organismal reproductive process reproductive process in a multicellular organism multicellular organismal reproductive process The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. regulation of developmental growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. up regulation of developmental growth up-regulation of developmental growth upregulation of developmental growth activation of developmental growth stimulation of developmental growth positive regulation of developmental growth Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. down regulation of developmental growth down-regulation of developmental growth downregulation of developmental growth inhibition of developmental growth negative regulation of developmental growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis Note that, for example, the formation of a pseudopod in an amoeba would not be considered formation involved in morphogenesis because it would not be thought of as the formation of an anatomical structure that was part of the shaping of the amoeba during its development. The formation of an axon from a neuron would be considered the formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis because it contributes to the creation of the form of the neuron in a developmental sense. anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. skeletal morphogenesis skeletal system morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. GOC:dph GOC:dsf GOC:jid GOC:tb skeletal morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. GOC:dph GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. GOC:dph GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. GOC:jid The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. tubulogenesis branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid tubulogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. pigment granule A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. GOC:jid GOC:mh The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. development of an anatomical structure anatomical structure development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GO_REF:0000021 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. cellular developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GOC:isa_complete Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. cell locomotion movement of a cell cell movement cell motility Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mlg Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. multicellular organismal-level homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. GOC:isa_complete Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. cell population homeostasis homeostasis of cell number homeostasis of number of cells Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. GOC:isa_complete homeostasis of cell number GOC:dph Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. chemical homeostasis Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. GOC:isa_complete The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. catecholamine secretion The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. GOC:ai GOC:ef Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines. regulation of catecholamine secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines. GOC:ai The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. epithelial cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. ISBN:0721662544 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. up regulation of epithelial cell proliferation up-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation upregulation of epithelial cell proliferation activation of epithelial cell proliferation stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. down regulation of epithelial cell proliferation down-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation downregulation of epithelial cell proliferation inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. regulation of protein secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. down regulation of protein secretion down-regulation of protein secretion downregulation of protein secretion inhibition of protein secretion negative regulation of protein secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. up regulation of protein secretion up-regulation of protein secretion upregulation of protein secretion activation of protein secretion stimulation of protein secretion positive regulation of protein secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. regulation of inflammatory response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. anti-inflammatory response down regulation of inflammatory response down-regulation of inflammatory response downregulation of inflammatory response inhibition of inflammatory response negative regulation of inflammatory response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. up regulation of inflammatory response up-regulation of inflammatory response upregulation of inflammatory response activation of inflammatory response stimulation of inflammatory response positive regulation of inflammatory response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material. regulation of phagocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. down regulation of phagocytosis down-regulation of phagocytosis downregulation of phagocytosis inhibition of phagocytosis negative regulation of phagocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. up regulation of phagocytosis up-regulation of phagocytosis upregulation of phagocytosis activation of phagocytosis stimulation of phagocytosis positive regulation of phagocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. regulation of immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. down regulation of immune response down-regulation of immune response downregulation of immune response inhibition of immune response negative regulation of immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. up regulation of immune response up-regulation of immune response upregulation of immune response stimulation of immune response positive regulation of immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. regulation of physiological process regulation of biological process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:ai GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. regulation of enzyme activity regulation of metalloenzyme activity regulation of catalytic activity Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ai GOC:ebc GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). regulation of developmental process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. regulation of cellular physiological process regulation of cellular process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. regulation of behaviour regulation of behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. regulation of insulin secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. GOC:ai Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. ion homeostasis electrolyte homeostasis negative regulation of crystal formation regulation of ion homeostasis monoatomic ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. modulation of synaptic transmission regulation of chemical synaptic transmission regulation of synaptic transmission modulation of chemical synaptic transmission Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. down regulation of synaptic transmission down-regulation of synaptic transmission downregulation of synaptic transmission inhibition of synaptic transmission negative regulation of synaptic transmission Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. up regulation of synaptic transmission up-regulation of synaptic transmission upregulation of synaptic transmission activation of synaptic transmission stimulation of synaptic transmission positive regulation of synaptic transmission Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. regulation of steroid anabolism regulation of steroid biosynthesis regulation of steroid formation regulation of steroid synthesis regulation of steroidogenesis regulation of steroid biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. GOC:ai The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. clotting coagulation The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. regulation of clotting regulation of coagulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. down regulation of coagulation down-regulation of coagulation downregulation of coagulation negative regulation of clotting inhibition of coagulation anticoagulant activity negative regulation of coagulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. positive regulation of clotting up regulation of coagulation up-regulation of coagulation upregulation of coagulation activation of coagulation stimulation of coagulation positive regulation of coagulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. regulation of T lymphocyte activation regulation of T-cell activation regulation of T-lymphocyte activation regulation of T cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. regulation of B lymphocyte activation regulation of B-cell activation regulation of B-lymphocyte activation regulation of B cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. regulation of cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation. down regulation of cell activation down-regulation of cell activation downregulation of cell activation inhibition of cell activation negative regulation of cell activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. up regulation of cell activation up-regulation of cell activation upregulation of cell activation activation of cell activation stimulation of cell activation positive regulation of cell activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. down regulation of T cell activation down-regulation of T cell activation downregulation of T cell activation negative regulation of T lymphocyte activation negative regulation of T-cell activation negative regulation of T-lymphocyte activation inhibition of T cell activation negative regulation of T cell activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. down regulation of B cell activation down-regulation of B cell activation downregulation of B cell activation negative regulation of B lymphocyte activation negative regulation of B-cell activation negative regulation of B-lymphocyte activation inhibition of B cell activation negative regulation of B cell activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. positive regulation of T lymphocyte activation positive regulation of T-cell activation positive regulation of T-lymphocyte activation up regulation of T cell activation up-regulation of T cell activation upregulation of T cell activation activation of T cell activation stimulation of T cell activation positive regulation of T cell activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. positive regulation of B lymphocyte activation positive regulation of B-cell activation positive regulation of B-lymphocyte activation up regulation of B cell activation up-regulation of B cell activation upregulation of B cell activation activation of B cell activation stimulation of B cell activation positive regulation of B cell activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. GOC:ai A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. neurological system process neurophysiological process pan-neural process nervous system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. regulation of body fluid levels Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. multicellular organismal movement Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_muscle GOC:tb The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system. musculoskeletal movement The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system. GOC:dph The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will. voluntary musculoskeletal movement The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will. GOC:dph Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. regulation of balance neuromuscular process controlling balance Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. GOC:ai GOC:dph The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. endocrine physiological process endocrine physiology endocrine process The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. ISBN:0721662544 The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. Wikipedia:Cognition cognition The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. ISBN:0721619908 A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell. multicellular organismal water homeostasis body fluid osmoregulation multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb body fluid osmoregulation GOC:dph GOC:tb A process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine. intestinal absorption A process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine. GOC:ai GOC:dph Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. physiological response to stimulus Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. immune cell migration immune cell trafficking leucocyte migration leucocyte trafficking leukocyte trafficking leukocyte migration The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PMID:14680625 PMID:14708592 PMID:7507411 PMID:8600538 Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. neuromotor process neuromuscular physiological process neuromuscular process Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. GOC:ai The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Wikipedia:Transduction_(physiology) sensory detection of stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus sensory perception, stimulus detection sensory transduction detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos GOC:dph The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. sensory detection of chemical stimulus sensory detection of chemical stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of chemical stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during sensory perception detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. sensory detection of light during visual perception sensory detection of light stimulus during visual perception sensory transduction of light during visual perception sensory transduction of light stimulus during visual perception visual perception, detection of light stimulus visual perception, sensory transduction during perception of light visual perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Taste gustation sense of taste taste taste perception sensory perception of taste The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal. detection of sound hearing, sensory transduction of sound perception of sound, detection of mechanical stimulus perception of sound, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus perception of sound, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of sound sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of sound sensory transduction of sound detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. perception of smell, detection of chemical stimulus perception of smell, sensory detection of chemical stimulus perception of smell, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of smell sensory detection of scent sensory detection of smell sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of smell sensory transduction of scent sensory transduction of smell detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. taste perception perception of taste, detection of chemical stimulus perception of taste, sensory detection of chemical stimulus perception of taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of taste sensory detection of taste sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of taste sensory transduction of taste detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. regulation of chemotaxis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. up regulation of chemotaxis up-regulation of chemotaxis upregulation of chemotaxis activation of chemotaxis stimulation of chemotaxis positive regulation of chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. down regulation of chemotaxis down-regulation of chemotaxis downregulation of chemotaxis inhibition of chemotaxis negative regulation of chemotaxis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. sensory perception of light stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. mechanosensory perception perception of mechanical stimulus chemi-mechanical coupling sensory perception of mechanical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion. Wikipedia:Equilibrioception sensory perception of orientation with respect to gravity equilibrioception The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion. http://www.medterms.com The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. sensory detection of light stimulus sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus sensory transduction of light stimulus sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. perception of pain, detection of mechanical stimulus perception of pain, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus perception of pain, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain mechanical nociception detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos mechanical nociception GOC:pr The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. perception of pain, detection of chemical stimulus perception of pain, sensory detection of chemical stimulus perception of pain, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of pain sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of pain chemical nociception detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai chemical nociception GOC:pr The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears. equilibrioception, detection of mechanical stimulus equilibrioception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus equilibrioception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during equilibrioception sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during equilibrioception detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. sensory detection of mechanical stimulus sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). Wikipedia:Touch perception of touch tactile sense taction tactition sensory perception of touch The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). GOC:ai The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. detection of mechanical stimulus The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. regulation of secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. up regulation of secretion up-regulation of secretion upregulation of secretion activation of secretion stimulation of secretion positive regulation of secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. down regulation of secretion down-regulation of secretion downregulation of secretion inhibition of secretion negative regulation of secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of transport up-regulation of transport upregulation of transport activation of transport stimulation of transport positive regulation of transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of transport down-regulation of transport downregulation of transport inhibition of transport negative regulation of transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. regulation of DNA metabolism regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. down regulation of DNA metabolic process down-regulation of DNA metabolic process downregulation of DNA metabolic process negative regulation of DNA metabolism inhibition of DNA metabolic process negative regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. positive regulation of DNA metabolism up regulation of DNA metabolic process up-regulation of DNA metabolic process upregulation of DNA metabolic process activation of DNA metabolic process stimulation of DNA metabolic process positive regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. down regulation of lipid biosynthetic process down-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process downregulation of lipid biosynthetic process negative regulation of lipid anabolism negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis negative regulation of lipid formation negative regulation of lipid synthesis negative regulation of lipogenesis inhibition of lipid biosynthetic process negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. GOC:ai negative regulation of lipogenesis GOC:sl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). down regulation of developmental process down-regulation of developmental process downregulation of developmental process inhibition of developmental process negative regulation of developmental process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). up regulation of developmental process up-regulation of developmental process upregulation of developmental process activation of developmental process stimulation of developmental process positive regulation of developmental process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. regulation of cellular component organisation regulation of cell organisation regulation of cell organization regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis regulation of cellular component organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai regulation of cell organisation GOC:mah regulation of cell organization GOC:mah regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. down regulation of cell organization down-regulation of cell organization downregulation of cell organization inhibition of cell organization negative regulation of cell organisation negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis negative regulation of cellular component organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai negative regulation of cell organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. positive regulation of cell organisation up regulation of cell organization up-regulation of cell organization upregulation of cell organization activation of cell organization stimulation of cell organization positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis positive regulation of cellular component organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. regulation of phosphorus metabolism regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. down regulation of sulfur metabolic process down-regulation of sulfur metabolic process downregulation of sulfur metabolic process negative regulation of sulfur metabolism negative regulation of sulphur metabolic process negative regulation of sulphur metabolism inhibition of sulfur metabolic process negative regulation of sulfur metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. positive regulation of sulfur metabolism positive regulation of sulphur metabolic process positive regulation of sulphur metabolism up regulation of sulfur metabolic process up-regulation of sulfur metabolic process upregulation of sulfur metabolic process activation of sulfur metabolic process stimulation of sulfur metabolic process positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. GOC:ai Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. establishment and maintenance of localization establishment and maintenance of position localisation establishment and maintenance of cellular component location establishment and maintenance of substance location establishment and maintenance of substrate location single organism localization single-organism localization localization Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos localisation GOC:mah single organism localization GOC:TermGenie The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. Wikipedia:Chondrogenesis cartilage biogenesis cartilage biosynthesis cartilage element development cartilage formation cartilage organ development chondrogenesis cartilage development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. GOC:cjm PMID:23251424 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of protein transport up-regulation of protein transport upregulation of protein transport activation of protein transport stimulation of protein transport positive regulation of protein transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of protein transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of protein transport down-regulation of protein transport downregulation of protein transport inhibition of protein transport negative regulation of protein transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. establishment of localisation establishment of localization Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos establishment of localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. up regulation of multicellular organismal process up-regulation of multicellular organismal process upregulation of multicellular organismal process activation of multicellular organismal process stimulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. down regulation of multicellular organismal process down-regulation of multicellular organismal process downregulation of multicellular organismal process inhibition of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. regulation of protein metabolism regulation of cellular protein metabolic process regulation of cellular protein metabolism regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process positive regulation of cellular protein metabolism positive regulation of protein metabolism up regulation of cellular protein metabolic process up regulation of protein metabolic process up-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process up-regulation of protein metabolic process upregulation of cellular protein metabolic process upregulation of protein metabolic process activation of cellular protein metabolic process activation of protein metabolic process stimulation of cellular protein metabolic process stimulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. down regulation of cellular protein metabolic process down regulation of protein metabolic process down-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process down-regulation of protein metabolic process downregulation of cellular protein metabolic process downregulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process negative regulation of cellular protein metabolism negative regulation of protein metabolism inhibition of cellular protein metabolic process inhibition of protein metabolic process negative regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. regulation of lymphocyte activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. down regulation of lymphocyte activation down-regulation of lymphocyte activation downregulation of lymphocyte activation inhibition of lymphocyte activation negative regulation of lymphocyte activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. up regulation of lymphocyte activation up-regulation of lymphocyte activation upregulation of lymphocyte activation activation of lymphocyte activation stimulation of lymphocyte activation positive regulation of lymphocyte activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. GOC:ai A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. DNA condensation chromosome organisation DNA packaging chromosome organization and biogenesis maintenance of genome integrity nuclear genome maintenance chromosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. Wikipedia:Cell_division Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. cell division The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. GOC:di GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. regulation of cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. GOC:go_curators Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. Wikipedia:Meiosis meiosis Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140013 ; meiotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0051321 ; meiotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle. meiotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. transferase regulator This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. regulation of transferase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. lyase regulator regulation of lyase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. oxidoreductase regulator regulation of oxidoreductase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. transferase activator up regulation of transferase activity up-regulation of transferase activity upregulation of transferase activity activation of transferase activity stimulation of transferase activity This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. positive regulation of transferase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. down regulation of transferase activity down-regulation of transferase activity downregulation of transferase activity transferase inhibitor inhibition of transferase activity This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. negative regulation of transferase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. lyase activator up regulation of lyase activity up-regulation of lyase activity upregulation of lyase activity activation of lyase activity stimulation of lyase activity positive regulation of lyase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. down regulation of lyase activity down-regulation of lyase activity downregulation of lyase activity lyase inhibitor inhibition of lyase activity negative regulation of lyase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. oxidoreductase activator up regulation of oxidoreductase activity up-regulation of oxidoreductase activity upregulation of oxidoreductase activity activation of oxidoreductase activity ribonucleotide reductase activating enzyme activity stimulation of oxidoreductase activity positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. down regulation of oxidoreductase activity down-regulation of oxidoreductase activity downregulation of oxidoreductase activity oxidoreductase inhibitor inhibition of oxidoreductase activity negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. GOC:ai The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. perception of orientation with respect to gravity by visual perception equilibrioception by visual perception visual perception during equilibrioception visual perception involved in equilibrioception The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. GOC:ai visual perception during equilibrioception GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. meiotic cell cycle modulation meiotic cell cycle regulation modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle meiotic cell cycle regulator regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle activation of progression through meiotic cell cycle stimulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. down regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle down-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle downregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle inhibition of progression through meiotic cell cycle negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. ACTH secretion adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion adrenotropic hormone secretion adrenotropin secretion corticotropic hormone secretion adrenocorticotropin secretion corticotropin secretion The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. GOC:cjm PMID:11027914 adrenocorticotropin secretion GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell. regulation of ACTH secretion regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion regulation of adrenotropin hormone secretion regulation of adrenotropin secretion regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion regulation of corticotropin secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell. GOC:ai GOC:dph regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion GOC:dph Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell. down regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion down-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion downregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion negative regulation of ACTH secretion negative regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion negative regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion negative regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion negative regulation of adrenotropin secretion negative regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion inhibition of adrenocorticotropin secretion negative regulation of corticotropin secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell. positive regulation of ACTH secretion positive regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion positive regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion positive regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion positive regulation of adrenotropin secretion positive regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion up regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion up-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion upregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion activation of adrenocorticotropin secretion stimulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion positive regulation of corticotropin secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell. GOC:ai positive regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. regulation of cytoskeleton organisation regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. down regulation of cytoskeleton organization down-regulation of cytoskeleton organization downregulation of cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation inhibition of cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation up regulation of cytoskeleton organization up-regulation of cytoskeleton organization upregulation of cytoskeleton organization activation of cytoskeleton organization stimulation of cytoskeleton organization positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings. calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondria calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondrion mitochondrial calcium ion concentration regulation regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings. GOC:ai GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of neurotransmitter transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of neurotransmitter transport down-regulation of neurotransmitter transport downregulation of neurotransmitter transport inhibition of neurotransmitter transport negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of neurotransmitter transport up-regulation of neurotransmitter transport upregulation of neurotransmitter transport activation of neurotransmitter transport stimulation of neurotransmitter transport positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. protein maturation Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. GOC:ai The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. stimulus detection perception of stimulus stimulus sensing detection of stimulus The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:add GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:mah The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. histamine transport The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. GOC:ai Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of organelle localization organelle localisation organelle localization Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai organelle localisation GOC:mah A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. cellular localisation establishment and maintenance of cellular localization establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane single organism cellular localization intracellular localization localization within cell single-organism cellular localization Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular localization A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. GOC:tb GOC:vw cellular localisation GOC:mah single organism cellular localization GOC:TermGenie Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. cytoplasmic vesicle localization establishment and maintenance of vesicle localization vesicle localisation vesicle localization Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai vesicle localisation GOC:mah Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. establishment of localisation in cell establishment of intracellular localization establishment of localization within cell positioning within cell establishment of cellular localization establishment of localization in cell Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:tb establishment of localisation in cell GOC:mah establishment of cellular localization GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. establishment of vesicle localisation establishment of vesicle localization The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of vesicle localisation GOC:mah The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. establishment of organelle localisation establishment of organelle localization The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of organelle localisation GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. response to other organism Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. cell cycle modulation cell cycle regulation control of cell cycle progression modulation of cell cycle progression regulation of cell cycle progression regulation of progression through cell cycle arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression cell cycle arrest mitotic cell cycle arrest negative regulation of cell cycle arrest positive regulation of cell cycle arrest regulation of cell cycle arrest cell cycle regulator tumor suppressor regulation of cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. up regulation of cell division up-regulation of cell division upregulation of cell division activation of cell division stimulation of cell division positive regulation of cell division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. down regulation of cell division down-regulation of cell division downregulation of cell division inhibition of cell division negative regulation of cell division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. regulation of nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. down regulation of nuclear division down-regulation of nuclear division downregulation of nuclear division inhibition of nuclear division negative regulation of nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. up regulation of nuclear division up-regulation of nuclear division upregulation of nuclear division activation of nuclear division stimulation of nuclear division positive regulation of nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. regulation of fibrinolysis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. down regulation of fibrinolysis down-regulation of fibrinolysis downregulation of fibrinolysis inhibition of fibrinolysis negative regulation of fibrinolysis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. GOC:ai Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. up regulation of fibrinolysis up-regulation of fibrinolysis upregulation of fibrinolysis activation of fibrinolysis stimulation of fibrinolysis positive regulation of fibrinolysis Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. regulation of sensory perception of pain Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. regulation of sensory perception Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. GOC:ai The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. catecholamine transport The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of amine transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of amine transport down-regulation of amine transport downregulation of amine transport inhibition of amine transport negative regulation of amine transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of amine transport up-regulation of amine transport upregulation of amine transport activation of amine transport stimulation of amine transport positive regulation of amine transport Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. regulation of nervous system development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. down regulation of nervous system development down-regulation of nervous system development downregulation of nervous system development inhibition of nervous system development negative regulation of nervous system development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. up regulation of nervous system development up-regulation of nervous system development upregulation of nervous system development activation of nervous system development stimulation of nervous system development positive regulation of nervous system development Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. regulation of conduction of nerve impulse regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. GOC:ai regulation of conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. down regulation of transmission of nerve impulse down-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse downregulation of transmission of nerve impulse negative regulation of conduction of nerve impulse inhibition of transmission of nerve impulse negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. GOC:ai negative regulation of conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. positive regulation of conduction of nerve impulse up regulation of transmission of nerve impulse up-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse upregulation of transmission of nerve impulse activation of transmission of nerve impulse stimulation of transmission of nerve impulse positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. GOC:ai positive regulation of conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. up regulation of chromosome segregation up-regulation of chromosome segregation upregulation of chromosome segregation activation of chromosome segregation stimulation of chromosome segregation positive regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. down regulation of chromosome segregation down-regulation of chromosome segregation downregulation of chromosome segregation inhibition of chromosome segregation negative regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. regulation of calcium ion concentration calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. GOC:ceb GOC:jid GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom. cation homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom. GOC:ceb GOC:jid GOC:mah A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell. cellular chemical homeostasis intracellular chemical homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jid The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. membrane transport ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport Transmembrane transport is the transport of a solute across a lipid bilayer. Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane and is not traversed. For transport through the nuclear pore, consider instead the term 'nucleocytoplasmic transport ; GO:0006913' and its children. Note also that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. transmembrane transport The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:dph GOC:jid The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. regulation of cardiac muscle contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. GOC:ecd Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. GOC:ecd The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear. vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear. GOC:mh An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. Wikipedia:Reflex reflex An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. GOC:dph ISBN:0877797099 A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. vestibular reflex A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. PMID:11784757 The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. heart beating cardiac contraction hemolymph circulation heart contraction The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. GOC:dph Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue. heart muscle contraction cardiac muscle contraction Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue. GOC:dph Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury. positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury. GOC:dph The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body. Wikipedia:Urination urination urine voiding micturition The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body. GOC:dph The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body. smooth muscle contraction involved in urination urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body. GOC:dph PMID:15827347 urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:dph The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body. synaptic transmission involved in urination synaptic transmission involved in micturition The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body. GOC:dph PMID:15827347 A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. molecular transducer activity A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. GOC:dos GOC:pdt Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. regulation of growth hormone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. GOC:dph Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. positive regulation of growth hormone secretion Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. GOC:dph Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. negative regulation of growth hormone secretion Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. GOC:dph A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother. embryonic process involved in female pregnancy A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother. GOC:dph A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. milk ejection milk ejection reflex A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:mr GOC:st Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. Reactome:R-HSA-5617833.2 ciliogenesis cilium formation microtubule-based flagellum assembly cilium biogenesis cilium morphogenesis cilium organization Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium assembly The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:BHF GOC:cilia GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:pr GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 PMID:13978319 PMID:27350441 Reactome:R-HSA-5617833.2 cilium biogenesis GOC:mah cilium organization GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. regulation of cell development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:dph GOC:tb Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. cilium cell motility microtubule-based flagellar cell motility ciliary cell motility Note that we deem eukaryotic cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent. cilium-dependent cell motility Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:cilia GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:krc GOC:mlg GOC:mtg_cambridge_2013 Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell. cilium movement involved in cell motility Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility. regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). cell chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. regulation of cellular localisation regulation of cellular localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of cellular localisation GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. bone development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. GOC:dph The process in which bones are generated and organized. bone morphogenesis The process in which bones are generated and organized. GOC:dph The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. endochondral bone morphogenesis The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. GOC:dph PMID:11680679 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones. cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones. GOC:dph The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. mast cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. regulation of mast cell differentiation Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. positive regulation of mast cell differentiation Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. negative regulation of mast cell differentiation Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. epithelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_lung Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. regulation of gastric acid secretion Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. positive regulation of gastric acid secretion Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. negative regulation of gastric acid secretion Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. positive regulation of digestive system process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. negative regulation of digestive system process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). negative regulation of fertilization Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:dph The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence. positive regulation of sperm motility involved in capacitation positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence. GOC:cilia GOC:dph GOC:krc Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly. regulation of cell projection formation regulation of cell projection assembly Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of cell projection formation GOC:dph GOC:tb The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. differential growth developmental growth involved in morphogenesis The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. GOC:dph differential growth GOC:dph Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. apoptosis involved in morphogenesis apoptosis involved in development morphogenetic apoptosis apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_apoptosis morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:dph The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. epithelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. GOC:dph Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold. tube closure Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. regulation of vesicle-mediated transport Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. regulation of microtubule-based movement Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. GOC:dph Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mammary gland, from its initial state to the mature structure. cell-cell signalling involved in mammary gland development cell-cell signaling involved in mammary gland development Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mammary gland, from its initial state to the mature structure. GOC:dph cell-cell signalling involved in mammary gland development GOC:mah The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. endocrine hormone secretion The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. GOC:dph An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. hepatobiliary system process hepaticobiliary system process An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. GOC:dph hepatobiliary system process GOC:dph A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. cellular membrane organisation cellular membrane organization membrane organisation membrane organization and biogenesis single-organism membrane organization membrane organization A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb membrane organisation GOC:mah membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. regulation of cartilage development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. GOC:dph Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. positive regulation of cartilage development Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. GOC:dph Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. negative regulation of cartilage development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. regulation of wound healing Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:BHF GOC:dph Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. negative regulation of wound healing Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:dph The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. morphogenesis of a branching epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. GOC:dph The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. renal tubule development The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. renal tubule morphogenesis The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. connective tissue development The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:BHF A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. protein localization to cilium A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. GOC:dph The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. acetylcholine secretion The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. GOC:dph A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes. second meiotic division meiosis II cell cycle process A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes. PMID:29385397 second meiotic division PMID:29385397 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. regulation of small molecule metabolism regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. positive regulation of small molecule metabolism positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. negative regulation of small molecule metabolism negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. collagen-containing extracellular matrix An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. GOC:BHF GOC:rph PMID:21123617 Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. PMID:12773390 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). regulation of mitochondrial gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). PMID:28285835 The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. PMID:19837031 Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. regulation biological regulation Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. regulation of biological attribute regulation of biological characteristic regulation of biological quality Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. regulation of a molecular function regulation of molecular function Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GOC:isa_complete Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. extracellular membrane-enclosed organelle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. GOC:isa_complete An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. intracellular organelle lumen An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. GOC:mah The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). glucagon secretion The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). GOC:BHF GOC:rl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. regulation of glucagon secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. GOC:BHF GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. down regulation of glucagon secretion down-regulation of glucagon secretion downregulation of glucagon secretion inhibition of glucagon secretion negative regulation of glucagon secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. GOC:BHF GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. up regulation of glucagon secretion up-regulation of glucagon secretion upregulation of glucagon secretion activation of glucagon secretion stimulation of glucagon secretion positive regulation of glucagon secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. GOC:BHF GOC:mah The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion. mitochondrial translation elongation mitochondrial translational elongation The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis regulation of mitochondrial protein formation regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis regulation of mitochondrial translation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein formation GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. negative regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism negative regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis negative regulation of mitochondrial protein formation negative regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis negative regulation of mitochondrial translation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein formation GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. positive regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism positive regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis positive regulation of mitochondrial protein formation positive regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis positive regulation of mitochondrial translation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein formation GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis GOC:mah A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. anchoring cell junction anchoring junction A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. ISBN:0815332181 anchoring cell junction GOC:mah A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. chromosome organisation involved in meiosis meiotic chromosome organization chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:mah chromosome organisation involved in meiosis GOC:mah meiotic chromosome organization GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. regulation of establishment of protein localisation regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. GOC:BHF GOC:mah regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:mah The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. somatostatin secretion The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. GOC:mah The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. mucus production mucus secretion The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. GOC:add ISBN:068340007X ISBN:0721662544 mucus production GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. regulation of mucus production regulation of mucus secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. GOC:add regulation of mucus production GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. negative regulation of mucus production negative regulation of mucus secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. GOC:add negative regulation of mucus production GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. positive regulation of mucus production positive regulation of mucus secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. GOC:add positive regulation of mucus production GOC:add The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell. ECM constituent secretion ECM secretion extracellular matrix constituent secretion The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell. GOC:mah ECM constituent secretion GOC:mah ECM secretion GOC:mah A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686). nephron absorption renal reabsorption renal absorption A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686). GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:yaf nephron absorption GOC:mah renal reabsorption GOC:dph A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures. nephron water absorption renal water reabsorption renal water absorption A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures. GOC:dph GOC:mah nephron water absorption GOC:mah renal water reabsorption GOC:dph The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary. prolactin secretion The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. response to oxygen levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. GOC:BHF GOC:mah The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. detection of reduced oxygen levels detection of hypoxia The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. GOC:BHF GOC:mah detection of reduced oxygen levels GOC:vk Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation regulation of microtubule dynamics regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah regulation of microtubule dynamics GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage regulation of protein processing Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. GOC:mah Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. cellular macromolecule localisation cellular macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:mah cellular macromolecule localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. regulation of bile acid anabolism regulation of bile acid biosynthesis regulation of bile acid formation regulation of bile acid synthesis regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. GOC:BHF GOC:mah regulation of bile acid anabolism GOC:mah regulation of bile acid biosynthesis GOC:mah regulation of bile acid formation GOC:mah regulation of bile acid synthesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. down regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process down-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process downregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process negative regulation of bile acid anabolism negative regulation of bile acid biosynthesis negative regulation of bile acid formation negative regulation of bile acid synthesis inhibition of bile acid biosynthetic process negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. GOC:BHF GOC:mah down regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah down-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah downregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah negative regulation of bile acid anabolism GOC:mah negative regulation of bile acid biosynthesis GOC:mah negative regulation of bile acid formation GOC:mah negative regulation of bile acid synthesis GOC:mah inhibition of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. positive regulation of bile acid anabolism positive regulation of bile acid biosynthesis positive regulation of bile acid formation positive regulation of bile acid synthesis up regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process up-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process upregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process activation of bile acid biosynthetic process stimulation of bile acid biosynthetic process positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. GOC:BHF GOC:mah positive regulation of bile acid anabolism GOC:mah positive regulation of bile acid biosynthesis GOC:mah positive regulation of bile acid formation GOC:mah positive regulation of bile acid synthesis GOC:mah up regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah up-regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah upregulation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah activation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah stimulation of bile acid biosynthetic process GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. regulation of glycogen metabolism regulation of glycogen metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. GOC:mah regulation of glycogen metabolism GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. negative regulation of glycogen metabolism negative regulation of glycogen metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. GOC:mah negative regulation of glycogen metabolism GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. positive regulation of glycogen metabolism positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. GOC:mah positive regulation of glycogen metabolism GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to chemical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. organelle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. chewing mastication The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. GOC:gvg chewing GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. protein localisation in extracellular region protein localization in extracellular region protein localization to extracellular region Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. GOC:mah protein localisation in extracellular region GOC:mah A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. anatomical structure maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. GOC:mah The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. organic substance transport The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. organic molecular entity metabolic process organic molecular entity metabolism organic substance metabolism organic substance metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:mah The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. nitrogen compound transport The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). immunoglobulin V(D)J joining immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination immunoglobulin V-D-J joining immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 immunoglobulin V(D)J joining GOC:add immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination GOC:add immunoglobulin V-D-J joining GOC:add The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). immunoglobulin V(D)J joining immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination immunoglobulin V-J joining immunoglobulin light chain V-J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 immunoglobulin V(D)J joining GOC:add immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination GOC:add immunoglobulin V-J joining GOC:add A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. Note that an IgD immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available. IgD immunoglobulin complex A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. GOC:add ISBN:0781765196 PMID:11282392 A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. Note that an IgM immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available. IgM immunoglobulin complex A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. GOC:add ISBN:0781765196 PMID:20176268 A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. cellular component organisation or biogenesis cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular component organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level GOC:mah The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. cell periphery The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. GOC:pdt An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain. elastic fibre elastin fiber elastic fiber An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain. GOC:BHF GOC:mah PMID:20236620 elastic fibre GOC:mah elastin fiber GOC:BHF The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. extracellular vesicular exosome assembly extracellular exosome assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. GOC:mah GOC:tfm PMID:19442504 PMID:27462458 extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels. urinary system development urinary tract development renal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels. GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 GOC:yaf http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_Urinary_System urinary system development GOC:yaf urinary tract development GOC:yaf PMID:17881463 The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. epithelial tube formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. monocarboxylic acid anabolism monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis monocarboxylic acid formation monocarboxylic acid synthesis monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid anabolism GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid formation GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid synthesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. purine and derivative metabolic process purine-containing compound metabolism purine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. GOC:mah purine-containing compound metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. purine and derivative catabolic process purine-containing compound breakdown purine-containing compound catabolism purine-containing compound degradation purine-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. GOC:mah purine-containing compound breakdown GOC:mah purine-containing compound catabolism GOC:mah purine-containing compound degradation GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. pyridine and derivative metabolic process pyridine-containing compound metabolism pyridine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. GOC:mah pyridine-containing compound metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. pyridine and derivative catabolic process pyridine-containing compound breakdown pyridine-containing compound catabolism pyridine-containing compound degradation pyridine-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. GOC:mah pyridine-containing compound breakdown GOC:mah pyridine-containing compound catabolism GOC:mah pyridine-containing compound degradation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. regulation of primary metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. PMID:19211694 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:dhl Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). regulation of fertilization Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:DHL PMID:20478994 An G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart. G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process GPCR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process GPCR signaling pathway involved in heart process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process An G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart. GOC:BHF GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 PMID:17376402 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process GOC:bf G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in heart process GOC:bf GPCR signaling pathway involved in cardiac process GOC:bf GPCR signaling pathway involved in heart process GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones. regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones. positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones. negative regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. positive regulation of cell cycle process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of peptide transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:dph GOC:tb A process in which mitochondrial chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure. mitochondrial DNA packaging mitochondrial chromosome packaging A process in which mitochondrial chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. regulation of muscle system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. regulation of somatostatin secretion Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. GOC:BHF Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. positive regulation of somatostatin secretion Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. GOC:BHF Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. negative regulation of somatostatin secretion Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. GOC:BHF Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. regulation of peptide hormone secretion Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. positive regulation of wound healing Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:BHF Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. positive regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. negative regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:tb The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents. inflammatory response to wounding The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents. GOC:add All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. cilium plasm microtubule-based flagellar matrix microtubule-based flagellum matrix cilial cytoplasm ciliary cytoplasm cilium cytoplasm microtubule-based flagellar cytoplasm microtubule-based flagellum cytoplasm Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. Also, researchers consider the composition of both the plasm and the membrane of the cilium to be detectably different from that in the non-ciliary cytosol and plasma membrane (e.g. in terms of calcium ion concentration, membrane lipid composition, and more). For this reason, the term "ciliary plasm" is not linked to "cytoplasm". ciliary plasm All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. GOC:BHF GOC:cilia GOC:dos PMID:17895364 The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. Note that immunologists typically use the word 'maturation' to refer to dendritic cells undergoing the process that GO describes as 'cell differentiation'. dendritic cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. CL:0000451 GOC:pr A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. synaptic membrane A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. GOC:BHF PMID:20410104 The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage. enamel development amelogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage. GOC:cjm GOC:sl PMID:10206335 PMID:21196346 A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. execution phase of apoptotic process apoptosis execution phase of apoptosis A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:21760595 A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system. renal filtration A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system. GOC:pr GOC:sart The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. renal tubular secretion The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. GOC:rph PMID:25287933 Wikipedia:Renal_secretion#Secretion Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. intracellular vesicle Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. GOC:vesicles The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. GOC:cilia PMID:20106869 PMID:23351793 PMID:24814148 PMID:26485645 Reactome:R-HSA-5620920.1 Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell. sperm movement sperm motility Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell. GOC:cilia GOC:krc The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. exosome assembly or secretion exosome biogenesis exosome production ILV assembly intraluminal vesicle assembly extracellular exosome biogenesis The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. GOC:PARL GOC:bf PMID:19442504 PMID:25392495 Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism. defence response incompatible interaction defence response to pathogen, incompatible interaction defense response, incompatible interaction resistance response to pathogen defense response to other organism Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism. GOC:dos The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. Examples include the outer membranes of double membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria as well as the bounding membranes of single-membrane bound organelles such as lysosomes. bounding membrane of organelle The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. GOC:dos A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. region of plasma membrane Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass. plasma membrane region A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. single organismal cell-cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. GOC:dos A collagen trimer that forms networks. network-forming collagen trimer A collagen trimer that forms networks. PMID:21421911 A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands). banded collagen fibril A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands). GOC:dos PMID:21421911 A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network. Supramolecular aggregate of collagen Supramolecular collagen assembly complex of collagen trimers A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network. GOC:dos Supramolecular aggregate of collagen PMID:19693541 Supramolecular collagen assembly PMID:21421911 A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network. collagen network A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network. GOC:dos PMID:21421911 Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane. basement membrane collagen trimer Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane. GOC:dos PMID:21421911 The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. uptake import into cell The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. GOC:dos Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance. detoxification Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance. GOC:dos Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. inorganic ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. GOC:dos The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. presynaptic terminal presynapse The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. plasma membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion. mitochondrial protein complex Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. mitochondrial protein-containing complex A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion. GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. regulation of renal system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a signaling receptor. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. plasma membrane signaling receptor complex Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a signaling receptor. GOC:dos The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. nuclear chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. GOC:dos A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules. actin-based cell projection A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules. PMID:15661519 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. The ion channels through which current flows during an action potential should be annotated to the process 'action potential'. Gene products involved in modulating the characteristics of an action potential via changing the expression levels or the activity of these channels (e.g. modulating their kinetics or voltage sensitivity) should be annotated to this regulation term. regulation of action potential Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft. anterograde trans-synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft. GOC:dos Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse. vesicle-mediated transport in synapse Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse. GOC:dos A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. supramolecular complex A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. GOC:dos A polymeric supramolecular structure. supramolecular polymer A polymeric supramolecular structure. GOC:dos A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. microtubule-based transport A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. GOC:cjm ISBN:0815316194 The regulated release of dopamine from the somatodendritic compartment (cell body or dendrites) of a neuron. STD DA release STD dopamine release somatodendritic dopamine release somato-dendritic dopamine secretion The regulated release of dopamine from the somatodendritic compartment (cell body or dendrites) of a neuron. GOC:PARL GOC:bf PMID:21576241 STD DA release PMID:21576241 STD dopamine release PMID:21576241 somatodendritic dopamine release PMID:21576241 The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse. presynaptic actin cytoskeleton The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse. GOC:dos Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling. regulation of trans-synaptic signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling. GOC:dos The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse. presynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse. GOC:dos A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. secretory vesicle A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. GOC:dos A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. fibril supramolecular fiber A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. GOC:dos A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. polymeric cytoskeletal fiber A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. GOC:dos The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission. presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission. GOC:dos Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. GOC:dos Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft. trans-synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft. GOC:dos Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse. GOC:dos Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. GOC:dos Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. cytoplasmic region Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. GOC:dos The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse. presynaptic cytoskeleton The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse. GOC:dos Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse. GOC:dos Any signal release from a synapse. signal release from synapse Any signal release from a synapse. GOC:dos The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. perimembrane region cell cortex region The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. regulation of inflammatory response to wounding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:26022821 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:26022821 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:26022821 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. regulation of cobalamin metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. PMID:29056341 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. positive regulation of cobalamin metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. PMID:29056341 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. negative regulation of cobalamin metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. PMID:29056341 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. GOC:kmv Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. GOC:kmv A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. cellular anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. GOC:kmv A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. plasma membrane bounded cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. GOC:krc Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. eupodium plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. GOC:krc eupodium GOC:krc GOC:rjd PMID:10328951 PMID:9096956 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. GOC:krc Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. negative regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. GOC:krc Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. GOC:krc Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. GOC:krc A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. GOC:krc All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. neuron projection cytoplasm All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. GOC:ha The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any steroid hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. steroid hormone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any steroid hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. GOC:krc GOC:nln Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. regulation of bile acid secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:22767443 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. positive regulation of bile acid secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:22767443 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. negative regulation of bile acid secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:22767443 The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellum, the microtubule-based axoneme and associated structures that are part of a sperm flagellum (or cilium). sperm flagellum assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellum, the microtubule-based axoneme and associated structures that are part of a sperm flagellum (or cilium). GOC:krc PMID:32791035 One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. meiosis meiotic nuclear division One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. PMID:9334324 A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. mitosis mitotic nuclear division A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. ISBN:0198547684 The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus. cell-cell adhesion in response to extracellular stimulus The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus. PMID:14996911 The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. mitochondrial gene expression The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. PMID:27058308 The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. extracellular vesicle assembly extracellular vesicle biogenesis The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. PMID:28736435 Translation that occurs at the presynapse. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. translation at presynapse Translation that occurs at the presynapse. PMID:27321671 Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission. PMID:27321671 A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. presynaptic endocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. PMID:24719103 Translation that occurs at the synapse. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. translation at synapse Translation that occurs at the synapse. PMID:23083742 Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. regulation of translation at synapse Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse. PMID:20427644 Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse. Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. regulation of translation at presynapse Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse. PMID:20427644 The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. efflux export from cell The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. GOC:pg The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. lipid efflux lipid export from cell The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. GOC:pg A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus. nuclear complex nuclear protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus. GOC:pg Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect or prevent damage to the host. defense response to symbiont Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect or prevent damage to the host. GOC:pg A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell. multicellular organism level chemical homeostasis organismal level chemical homeostasis multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell. GOC:curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. GOC:TermGenie regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. down regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response negative regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response down regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. up regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response positive regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response up regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cytokine production involved in acute inflammatory response GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. regulation of hemostasis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. down regulation of hemostasis down-regulation of hemostasis downregulation of hemostasis inhibition of hemostasis negative regulation of hemostasis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. up regulation of hemostasis up-regulation of hemostasis upregulation of hemostasis activation of hemostasis positive regulation of hemostasis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie activation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. down regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission down-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission downregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission inhibition of neuromuscular synaptic transmission negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv down regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie downregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie inhibition of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. activation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission up regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission up-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission upregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv activation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie up regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie upregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region extracellular regulation of signal transduction Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway GOC:bf inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. regulation of execution phase of apoptosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. down regulation of execution phase of apoptosis down-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis downregulation of execution phase of apoptosis inhibition of execution phase of apoptosis negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis down regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. up regulation of execution phase of apoptosis up-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis upregulation of execution phase of apoptosis activation of execution phase of apoptosis positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis up regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie activation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. regulation of hyaluronan anabolism regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis regulation of hyaluronan formation regulation of hyaluronan synthesis regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf regulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. down regulation of hyaluronan anabolism down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process down regulation of hyaluronan formation down regulation of hyaluronan synthesis down-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process down-regulation of hyaluronan formation down-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis downregulation of hyaluronan anabolism downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process downregulation of hyaluronan formation downregulation of hyaluronan synthesis inhibition of hyaluronan anabolism inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthesis inhibition of hyaluronan formation inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis negative regulation of hyaluronan anabolism negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis negative regulation of hyaluronan formation negative regulation of hyaluronan synthesis inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthetic process negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf down regulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. activation of hyaluronan anabolism activation of hyaluronan biosynthesis activation of hyaluronan formation activation of hyaluronan synthesis positive regulation of hyaluronan anabolism positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis positive regulation of hyaluronan formation positive regulation of hyaluronan synthesis up regulation of hyaluronan anabolism up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process up regulation of hyaluronan formation up regulation of hyaluronan synthesis up-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process up-regulation of hyaluronan formation up-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis upregulation of hyaluronan anabolism upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process upregulation of hyaluronan formation upregulation of hyaluronan synthesis activation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf activation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie activation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hyaluronan anabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hyaluronan formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hyaluronan synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism regulation of purine metabolic process regulation of purine metabolism regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism down regulation of purine metabolic process down regulation of purine metabolism down-regulation of purine metabolic process down-regulation of purine metabolism downregulation of purine metabolic process downregulation of purine metabolism inhibition of purine metabolic process inhibition of purine metabolism inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolic process inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolism negative regulation of purine metabolic process negative regulation of purine metabolism negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism activation of purine metabolic process activation of purine metabolism activation of purine nucleotide metabolic process activation of purine nucleotide metabolism positive regulation of purine metabolic process positive regulation of purine metabolism up regulation of purine metabolic process up regulation of purine metabolism up-regulation of purine metabolic process up-regulation of purine metabolism upregulation of purine metabolic process upregulation of purine metabolism positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. carbohydrate derivative metabolism carbohydrate derivative metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative. carbohydrate derivative breakdown carbohydrate derivative catabolism carbohydrate derivative degradation carbohydrate derivative catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative. GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative breakdown GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative catabolism GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. carbohydrate derivative anabolism carbohydrate derivative biosynthesis carbohydrate derivative formation carbohydrate derivative synthesis carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative anabolism GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative formation GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. expression of extracellular matrix proteins extracellular matrix protein production gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pg PMID:18668558 expression of extracellular matrix proteins GOC:bf extracellular matrix protein production GOC:pg The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate. nucleoside phosphate breakdown nucleoside phosphate catabolism nucleoside phosphate degradation nucleoside phosphate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate. GOC:TermGenie nucleoside phosphate breakdown GOC:TermGenie nucleoside phosphate catabolism GOC:TermGenie nucleoside phosphate degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. regulation of sperm motility regulation of sperm movement regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. down regulation of sperm motility down regulation of sperm movement down-regulation of sperm motility down-regulation of sperm movement downregulation of sperm motility downregulation of sperm movement inhibition of sperm movement negative regulation of sperm motility negative regulation of sperm movement inhibition of sperm motility negative regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc down regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. organic cyclic compound metabolism organic cyclic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. organic cyclic compound breakdown organic cyclic compound catabolism organic cyclic compound degradation organic cyclic compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound breakdown GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound catabolism GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. organic cyclic compound anabolism organic cyclic compound biosynthesis organic cyclic compound formation organic cyclic compound synthesis organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound formation GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. acetate ester transport The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolism negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolic process negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. activation of tetrapyrrole metabolism positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism activation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators activation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. down regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation down regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation down regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation down-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation down-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation down-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation downregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation downregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation downregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation inhibition of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation inhibition of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation negative regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation negative regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation negative regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation inhibition of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation down regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation down-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation downregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl down regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. activation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation activation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation positive regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation positive regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation positive regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation upregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation upregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation upregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation activation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation activation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation up-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation upregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl activation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. organonitrogen compound metabolism organonitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound. organonitrogen compound breakdown organonitrogen compound catabolism organonitrogen compound degradation organonitrogen compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound breakdown GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound catabolism GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. organonitrogen compound anabolism organonitrogen compound biosynthesis organonitrogen compound formation organonitrogen compound synthesis organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound formation GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid derivative. fatty acid derivative metabolism fatty acid derivative metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid derivative. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr fatty acid derivative metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative. fatty acid derivative anabolism fatty acid derivative biosynthesis fatty acid derivative formation fatty acid derivative synthesis fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr fatty acid derivative anabolism GOC:TermGenie fatty acid derivative biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie fatty acid derivative formation GOC:TermGenie fatty acid derivative synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. organic molecular entity catabolic process organic substance breakdown organic substance catabolism organic substance degradation organic substance catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. organic molecular entity anabolism organic molecular entity biosynthesis organic molecular entity biosynthetic process organic molecular entity formation organic molecular entity synthesis organic substance anabolism organic substance biosynthesis organic substance formation organic substance synthesis organic substance biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic molecular entity anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity formation GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. organic hydroxy compound metabolism organic hydroxy compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. organic hydroxy compound anabolism organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis organic hydroxy compound formation organic hydroxy compound synthesis organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound formation GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process. regulation of vitamin A metabolism regulation of vitamin A metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie PMID:18093975 regulation of vitamin A metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism regulation of mtDNA metabolic process regulation of mtDNA metabolism regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism down regulation of mtDNA metabolic process down regulation of mtDNA metabolism down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism down-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process down-regulation of mtDNA metabolism downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism downregulation of mtDNA metabolic process downregulation of mtDNA metabolism inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolism inhibition of mtDNA metabolic process inhibition of mtDNA metabolism negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism negative regulation of mtDNA metabolic process negative regulation of mtDNA metabolism inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism activation of mtDNA metabolic process activation of mtDNA metabolism positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism positive regulation of mtDNA metabolic process positive regulation of mtDNA metabolism up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism up regulation of mtDNA metabolic process up regulation of mtDNA metabolism up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism up-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process up-regulation of mtDNA metabolism upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism upregulation of mtDNA metabolic process upregulation of mtDNA metabolism activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. regulation of ciliogenesis regulation of cilium biogenesis regulation of cilium assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:dph PMID:17719545 regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. down regulation of ciliogenesis down regulation of cilium assembly down-regulation of ciliogenesis down-regulation of cilium assembly downregulation of ciliogenesis downregulation of cilium assembly inhibition of ciliogenesis negative regulation of ciliogenesis inhibition of cilium assembly down regulation of cilium biogenesis down-regulation of cilium biogenesis downregulation of cilium biogenesis inhibition of cilium biogenesis negative regulation of cilium biogenesis negative regulation of cilium assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:dph PMID:17719545 down regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. regulation of cilium cell motility regulation of ciliary cell motility regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. down regulation of ciliary cell motility down-regulation of ciliary cell motility downregulation of ciliary cell motility negative regulation of cilium cell motility inhibition of ciliary cell motility negative regulation of ciliary cell motility negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:jl down regulation of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. activation of sperm movement positive regulation of sperm motility positive regulation of sperm movement up regulation of sperm motility up regulation of sperm movement up-regulation of sperm motility up-regulation of sperm movement upregulation of sperm motility upregulation of sperm movement activation of sperm motility positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:jh2 GOC:krc PMID:7513657 activation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie activation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. regulation of immune cell differentiation regulation of leucocyte differentiation regulation of leukocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:add regulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie regulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. down regulation of immune cell differentiation down regulation of leucocyte differentiation down regulation of leukocyte differentiation down-regulation of immune cell differentiation down-regulation of leucocyte differentiation down-regulation of leukocyte differentiation downregulation of immune cell differentiation downregulation of leucocyte differentiation downregulation of leukocyte differentiation negative regulation of immune cell differentiation negative regulation of leucocyte differentiation inhibition of immune cell differentiation inhibition of leucocyte differentiation inhibition of leukocyte differentiation negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:add down regulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. positive regulation of immune cell differentiation positive regulation of leucocyte differentiation up regulation of immune cell differentiation up regulation of leucocyte differentiation up regulation of leukocyte differentiation up-regulation of immune cell differentiation up-regulation of leucocyte differentiation up-regulation of leukocyte differentiation upregulation of immune cell differentiation upregulation of leucocyte differentiation upregulation of leukocyte differentiation activation of immune cell differentiation activation of leucocyte differentiation activation of leukocyte differentiation positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:add positive regulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of immune cell differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of leucocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of leukocyte differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. regulation of organelle assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. down regulation of organelle assembly down-regulation of organelle assembly downregulation of organelle assembly inhibition of organelle assembly negative regulation of organelle assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr down regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. up regulation of organelle assembly up-regulation of organelle assembly upregulation of organelle assembly activation of organelle assembly positive regulation of organelle assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr up regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body. ketone body metabolism ketone body metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr ketone body metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis regulation of apoptosis involved in development regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis down regulation of apoptosis involved in development down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis downregulation of apoptosis involved in development downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis inhibition of apoptosis involved in development inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis activation of apoptosis involved in development activation of morphogenetic apoptosis positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis up regulation of apoptosis involved in development up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis upregulation of apoptosis involved in development upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie activation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. down regulation of chromosome condensation down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation down-regulation of chromosome condensation down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation downregulation of chromosome condensation downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation inhibition of chromosome condensation inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation negative regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:23219725 down regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. regulation of sperm activation regulation of sperm capacitation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hjd PMID:22539676 regulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. down regulation of sperm capacitation down-regulation of sperm capacitation downregulation of sperm capacitation inhibition of sperm capacitation down regulation of sperm activation down-regulation of sperm activation downregulation of sperm activation inhibition of sperm activation negative regulation of sperm activation negative regulation of sperm capacitation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hjd PMID:22539676 down regulation of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. up regulation of sperm capacitation up-regulation of sperm capacitation upregulation of sperm capacitation activation of sperm capacitation activation of sperm activation positive regulation of sperm activation up regulation of sperm activation up-regulation of sperm activation upregulation of sperm activation positive regulation of sperm capacitation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hjd PMID:22539676 up regulation of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie activation of sperm capacitation GOC:TermGenie activation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sperm activation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. regulation of intracellular signaling cascade regulation of intracellular signaling chain regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade regulation of intracellular signaling pathway regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. down regulation of intracellular signal transduction down regulation of intracellular signaling chain down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain downregulation of intracellular signal transduction downregulation of intracellular signaling chain negative regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade inhibition of intracellular signal transduction inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade inhibition of intracellular signaling chain inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb down regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain up regulation of intracellular signal transduction up regulation of intracellular signaling chain up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain upregulation of intracellular signal transduction upregulation of intracellular signaling chain activation of intracellular signal transduction activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway activation of intracellular signaling cascade activation of intracellular signaling chain activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade activation of intracellular signaling pathway activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion. down regulation of prolactin secretion down-regulation of prolactin secretion downregulation of prolactin secretion inhibition of prolactin secretion negative regulation of prolactin secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16159377 down regulation of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion. up regulation of prolactin secretion up-regulation of prolactin secretion upregulation of prolactin secretion activation of prolactin secretion positive regulation of prolactin secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16159377 up regulation of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie activation of prolactin secretion GOC:TermGenie Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic process involved in development Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:pg GO_REF:0000060 apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 PMID:18799626 microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. regulation of bone development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22510437 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. down regulation of bone development down-regulation of bone development downregulation of bone development inhibition of bone development negative regulation of bone development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22510437 down regulation of bone development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bone development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bone development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bone development GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. up regulation of bone development up-regulation of bone development upregulation of bone development activation of bone development positive regulation of bone development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22510437 up regulation of bone development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bone development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bone development GOC:TermGenie activation of bone development GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. regulation of physiological response to wounding regulation of response to wounding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19164535 regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. down regulation of physiological response to wounding down regulation of response to wounding down-regulation of physiological response to wounding down-regulation of response to wounding downregulation of physiological response to wounding downregulation of response to wounding negative regulation of physiological response to wounding inhibition of physiological response to wounding inhibition of response to wounding negative regulation of response to wounding Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19164535 down regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. positive regulation of physiological response to wounding up regulation of physiological response to wounding up regulation of response to wounding up-regulation of physiological response to wounding up-regulation of response to wounding upregulation of physiological response to wounding upregulation of response to wounding activation of physiological response to wounding activation of response to wounding positive regulation of response to wounding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19164535 positive regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie activation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie activation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. regulation of leukocyte adhesion regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion Exogenous expression of ASS1 or NOS3 in HUVECs enhances NO production and inhibits monocyte adhesion regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21106532 regulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. down regulation of leukocyte adhesion down regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion down regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion down-regulation of leukocyte adhesion down-regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion down-regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion downregulation of leukocyte adhesion downregulation of leukocyte cell adhesion downregulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion negative regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion inhibition of leukocyte adhesion inhibition of leukocyte cell adhesion inhibition of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion Exogenous expression of ASS1 or NOS3 in HUVECs enhances NO production and inhibits monocyte adhesion negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21106532 down regulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie down regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie down regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion positive regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion up regulation of leukocyte adhesion up regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion up regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion up-regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion up-regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion upregulation of leukocyte adhesion upregulation of leukocyte cell adhesion upregulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion activation of leukocyte adhesion activation of leukocyte cell adhesion activation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion Exogenous expression of ASS1 or NOS3 in HUVECs enhances NO production and inhibits monocyte adhesion positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21106532 positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie activation of leukocyte adhesion GOC:TermGenie activation of leukocyte cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie activation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GOC:TermGenie A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. meiotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. mitotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. regulation of extracellular matrix organisation regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis regulation of extracellular matrix organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22357537 regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. down regulation of extracellular matrix organisation down regulation of extracellular matrix organization down-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization downregulation of extracellular matrix organisation downregulation of extracellular matrix organization negative regulation of extracellular matrix organisation inhibition of extracellular matrix organisation inhibition of extracellular matrix organization down regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis downregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis inhibition of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22357537 down regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. positive regulation of extracellular matrix organisation up regulation of extracellular matrix organisation up regulation of extracellular matrix organization up-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization upregulation of extracellular matrix organisation upregulation of extracellular matrix organization activation of extracellular matrix organisation activation of extracellular matrix organization activation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis up regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis upregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22357537 positive regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell. mononuclear cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell. CL:0000842 GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000086 PMID:24759906 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. regulation of protein maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. down regulation of protein maturation down-regulation of protein maturation downregulation of protein maturation inhibition of protein maturation negative regulation of protein maturation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. up regulation of protein maturation up-regulation of protein maturation upregulation of protein maturation activation of protein maturation positive regulation of protein maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of protein maturation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. regulation of nuclear organisation regulation of nuclear organization regulation of nuclear morphology regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis regulation of nucleus organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16943282 regulation of nuclear organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear organization GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear morphology GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:9490640 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation activation of mitotic chromosome condensation positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:9490640 up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. regulation of functional differentiation regulation of cell maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. down regulation of cell maturation down-regulation of cell maturation downregulation of cell maturation inhibition of cell maturation down regulation of functional differentiation down-regulation of functional differentiation downregulation of functional differentiation inhibition of functional differentiation negative regulation of functional differentiation negative regulation of cell maturation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 down regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. up regulation of cell maturation up-regulation of cell maturation upregulation of cell maturation activation of cell maturation activation of functional differentiation positive regulation of functional differentiation up regulation of functional differentiation up-regulation of functional differentiation upregulation of functional differentiation positive regulation of cell maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 up regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. regulation of lactation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19563620 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. down regulation of lactation down-regulation of lactation downregulation of lactation inhibition of lactation negative regulation of lactation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19563620 down regulation of lactation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lactation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lactation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lactation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. up regulation of lactation up-regulation of lactation upregulation of lactation activation of lactation positive regulation of lactation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19563620 up regulation of lactation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lactation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lactation GOC:TermGenie activation of lactation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide. mucopolysaccharide metabolism mucopolysaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GO_REF:0000068 PMID:4236091 mucopolysaccharide metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. regulation of hemolymph circulation regulation of blood circulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:10659969 regulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. down regulation of blood circulation down-regulation of blood circulation downregulation of blood circulation inhibition of blood circulation down regulation of hemolymph circulation down-regulation of hemolymph circulation downregulation of hemolymph circulation inhibition of hemolymph circulation negative regulation of hemolymph circulation negative regulation of blood circulation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:10659969 down regulation of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. up regulation of blood circulation up-regulation of blood circulation upregulation of blood circulation activation of blood circulation activation of hemolymph circulation positive regulation of hemolymph circulation up regulation of hemolymph circulation up-regulation of hemolymph circulation upregulation of hemolymph circulation positive regulation of blood circulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:10659969 up regulation of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie activation of blood circulation GOC:TermGenie activation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hemolymph circulation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. regulation of cellular secretion regulation of secretion by cell Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. down regulation of cellular secretion down regulation of secretion by cell down-regulation of cellular secretion down-regulation of secretion by cell downregulation of cellular secretion downregulation of secretion by cell negative regulation of cellular secretion inhibition of cellular secretion inhibition of secretion by cell negative regulation of secretion by cell Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 down regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. positive regulation of cellular secretion up regulation of cellular secretion up regulation of secretion by cell up-regulation of cellular secretion up-regulation of secretion by cell upregulation of cellular secretion upregulation of secretion by cell activation of cellular secretion activation of secretion by cell positive regulation of secretion by cell Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 positive regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie activation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly regulation of extracellular exosome assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24105262 regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly negative regulation of extracellular exosome assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24105262 down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly activation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24105262 up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. microparticle extracellular vesicle Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000064 PMID:24769233 microparticle GOC:vesicles Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. regulation of protein localization to cilium Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22072986 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. down regulation of protein localization to cilium down-regulation of protein localization to cilium downregulation of protein localization to cilium inhibition of protein localization to cilium negative regulation of protein localization to cilium Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22072986 down regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. up regulation of protein localization to cilium up-regulation of protein localization to cilium upregulation of protein localization to cilium activation of protein localization to cilium positive regulation of protein localization to cilium Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22072986 up regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. regulation of ATP metabolism regulation of ATP metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20695849 regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. down regulation of ATP metabolic process down regulation of ATP metabolism down-regulation of ATP metabolic process down-regulation of ATP metabolism downregulation of ATP metabolic process downregulation of ATP metabolism negative regulation of ATP metabolism inhibition of ATP metabolic process inhibition of ATP metabolism negative regulation of ATP metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20695849 down regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. positive regulation of ATP metabolism up regulation of ATP metabolic process up regulation of ATP metabolism up-regulation of ATP metabolic process up-regulation of ATP metabolism upregulation of ATP metabolic process upregulation of ATP metabolism activation of ATP metabolic process activation of ATP metabolism positive regulation of ATP metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20695849 positive regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. regulation of blood cell biosynthesis regulation of blood cell formation regulation of haemopoiesis regulation of hematopoiesis An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. regulation of hemopoiesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20080761 regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis down regulation of blood cell formation down regulation of haemopoiesis down regulation of hematopoiesis down regulation of hemopoiesis down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis down-regulation of blood cell formation down-regulation of haemopoiesis down-regulation of hematopoiesis down-regulation of hemopoiesis downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis downregulation of blood cell formation downregulation of haemopoiesis downregulation of hematopoiesis downregulation of hemopoiesis negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis negative regulation of blood cell formation negative regulation of haemopoiesis negative regulation of hematopoiesis inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis inhibition of blood cell formation inhibition of haemopoiesis inhibition of hematopoiesis inhibition of hemopoiesis An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. negative regulation of hemopoiesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20080761 down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis positive regulation of blood cell formation positive regulation of haemopoiesis positive regulation of hematopoiesis up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis up regulation of blood cell formation up regulation of haemopoiesis up regulation of hematopoiesis up regulation of hemopoiesis up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis up-regulation of blood cell formation up-regulation of haemopoiesis up-regulation of hematopoiesis up-regulation of hemopoiesis upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis upregulation of blood cell formation upregulation of haemopoiesis upregulation of hematopoiesis upregulation of hemopoiesis activation of blood cell biosynthesis activation of blood cell formation activation of haemopoiesis activation of hematopoiesis activation of hemopoiesis An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. positive regulation of hemopoiesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20080761 positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie activation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie activation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie activation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie activation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. down regulation of cellular protein localisation down regulation of cellular protein localization down-regulation of cellular protein localisation down-regulation of cellular protein localization downregulation of cellular protein localisation downregulation of cellular protein localization negative regulation of cellular protein localisation negative regulation of cellular protein localization inhibition of cellular protein localisation inhibition of cellular protein localization negative regulation of protein localization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. positive regulation of cellular protein localisation positive regulation of cellular protein localization up regulation of cellular protein localisation up regulation of cellular protein localization up-regulation of cellular protein localisation up-regulation of cellular protein localization upregulation of cellular protein localisation upregulation of cellular protein localization positive regulation of protein localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. down regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange down-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange downregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange inhibition of respiratory gaseous exchange negative regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22819705 down regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie downregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie inhibition of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. up regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange up-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange upregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange activation of respiratory gaseous exchange positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22819705 up regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie upregulation of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie activation of respiratory gaseous exchange GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. down regulation of nociception down regulation of sensory perception of pain down-regulation of nociception down-regulation of sensory perception of pain downregulation of nociception downregulation of sensory perception of pain negative regulation of nociception down regulation of perception of physiological pain down-regulation of perception of physiological pain downregulation of perception of physiological pain inhibition of nociception inhibition of perception of physiological pain inhibition of sensory perception of pain negative regulation of perception of physiological pain negative regulation of sensory perception of pain Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17167094 down regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie down regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie downregulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nociception GOC:TermGenie inhibition of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. positive regulation of nociception up regulation of nociception up regulation of sensory perception of pain up-regulation of nociception up-regulation of sensory perception of pain upregulation of nociception upregulation of sensory perception of pain activation of nociception activation of perception of physiological pain activation of sensory perception of pain positive regulation of perception of physiological pain up regulation of perception of physiological pain up-regulation of perception of physiological pain upregulation of perception of physiological pain positive regulation of sensory perception of pain Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17167094 positive regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie activation of nociception GOC:TermGenie activation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie activation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie up regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie upregulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. regulation of cell blebbing regulation of bleb assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:als GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25651887 regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. down regulation of bleb assembly down regulation of cell blebbing down-regulation of bleb assembly down-regulation of cell blebbing downregulation of bleb assembly downregulation of cell blebbing negative regulation of cell blebbing inhibition of bleb assembly inhibition of cell blebbing negative regulation of bleb assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:als GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25651887 down regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. positive regulation of cell blebbing up regulation of bleb assembly up regulation of cell blebbing up-regulation of bleb assembly up-regulation of cell blebbing upregulation of bleb assembly upregulation of cell blebbing activation of bleb assembly activation of cell blebbing positive regulation of bleb assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:als GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25651887 positive regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie activation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. regulation of bile acid metabolism regulation of bile acid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 regulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. down regulation of bile acid metabolic process down regulation of bile acid metabolism down-regulation of bile acid metabolic process down-regulation of bile acid metabolism downregulation of bile acid metabolic process downregulation of bile acid metabolism negative regulation of bile acid metabolism inhibition of bile acid metabolic process inhibition of bile acid metabolism negative regulation of bile acid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. positive regulation of bile acid metabolism up regulation of bile acid metabolic process up regulation of bile acid metabolism up-regulation of bile acid metabolic process up-regulation of bile acid metabolism upregulation of bile acid metabolic process upregulation of bile acid metabolism activation of bile acid metabolic process activation of bile acid metabolism positive regulation of bile acid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of bile acid metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of bile acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:10821044 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. down regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction down-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction downregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction inhibition of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:10821044 down regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie downregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie inhibition of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. up regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction up-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction upregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction activation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:10821044 up regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie upregulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie activation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition. regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:18562635 regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition. down regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition downregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition inhibition of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition down regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination down regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination down-regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition downregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination downregulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition inhibition of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination inhibition of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination negative regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:18562635 down regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie down regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie down regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie downregulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie inhibition of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition. up regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition upregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition activation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition activation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination activation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination positive regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition up regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination up regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination up-regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition upregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination upregulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:18562635 up regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie activation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie activation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie activation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie up regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie up regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in urination GOC:TermGenie upregulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion. regulation of calcitonin secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11278900 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion. down regulation of calcitonin secretion down-regulation of calcitonin secretion downregulation of calcitonin secretion inhibition of calcitonin secretion negative regulation of calcitonin secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11278900 down regulation of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion. up regulation of calcitonin secretion up-regulation of calcitonin secretion upregulation of calcitonin secretion activation of calcitonin secretion positive regulation of calcitonin secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11278900 up regulation of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie activation of calcitonin secretion GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. regulation of secretory granule organisation regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. down regulation of secretory granule organisation down regulation of secretory granule organization down-regulation of secretory granule organisation down-regulation of secretory granule organization downregulation of secretory granule organisation downregulation of secretory granule organization negative regulation of secretory granule organisation inhibition of secretory granule organisation inhibition of secretory granule organization down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis negative regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 down regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. positive regulation of secretory granule organisation up regulation of secretory granule organisation up regulation of secretory granule organization up-regulation of secretory granule organisation up-regulation of secretory granule organization upregulation of secretory granule organisation upregulation of secretory granule organization activation of secretory granule organisation activation of secretory granule organization activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis positive regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 positive regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. regulation of intestinal absorption Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12469120 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. down regulation of intestinal absorption down-regulation of intestinal absorption downregulation of intestinal absorption inhibition of intestinal absorption negative regulation of intestinal absorption Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12469120 down regulation of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. up regulation of intestinal absorption up-regulation of intestinal absorption upregulation of intestinal absorption activation of intestinal absorption positive regulation of intestinal absorption Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12469120 up regulation of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie activation of intestinal absorption GOC:TermGenie The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane. glucose transport glucose transmembrane transport The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000069 PMID:9090050 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. regulation of somatic stem cell renewal regulation of somatic stem cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19409607 regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. down regulation of somatic stem cell division down regulation of somatic stem cell renewal down-regulation of somatic stem cell division down-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal downregulation of somatic stem cell division downregulation of somatic stem cell renewal negative regulation of somatic stem cell renewal inhibition of somatic stem cell division inhibition of somatic stem cell renewal negative regulation of somatic stem cell division Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19409607 down regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie down regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie downregulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie downregulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie inhibition of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie inhibition of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. positive regulation of somatic stem cell renewal up regulation of somatic stem cell division up regulation of somatic stem cell renewal up-regulation of somatic stem cell division up-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal upregulation of somatic stem cell division upregulation of somatic stem cell renewal activation of somatic stem cell division activation of somatic stem cell renewal positive regulation of somatic stem cell division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19409607 positive regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie up regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie up regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie upregulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie upregulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie activation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie activation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic process involved in development activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure Q10943 in PMID:22801495, inferred from mutant phenotype regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. down regulation of establishment of protein localisation down regulation of establishment of protein localization down regulation of protein positioning down regulation of protein recruitment down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation down-regulation of establishment of protein localization down-regulation of protein positioning down-regulation of protein recruitment downregulation of establishment of protein localisation downregulation of establishment of protein localization downregulation of protein positioning downregulation of protein recruitment negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation negative regulation of protein positioning negative regulation of protein recruitment inhibition of establishment of protein localisation inhibition of establishment of protein localization inhibition of protein positioning inhibition of protein recruitment negative regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22761445 down regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie downregulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie inhibition of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation positive regulation of protein positioning positive regulation of protein recruitment up regulation of establishment of protein localisation up regulation of establishment of protein localization up regulation of protein positioning up regulation of protein recruitment up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation up-regulation of establishment of protein localization up-regulation of protein positioning up-regulation of protein recruitment upregulation of establishment of protein localisation upregulation of establishment of protein localization upregulation of protein positioning upregulation of protein recruitment activation of establishment of protein localisation activation of establishment of protein localization activation of protein positioning activation of protein recruitment positive regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22761445 positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie up regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie upregulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie activation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie activation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie activation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie activation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25738458 regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. down regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation down regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation down-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation down-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation downregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation downregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation negative regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation inhibition of mitochondrial translation elongation inhibition of mitochondrial translational elongation negative regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25738458 down regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. positive regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation up regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation up regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation up-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation up-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation upregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation upregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation activation of mitochondrial translation elongation activation of mitochondrial translational elongation positive regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25738458 positive regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. regulation of membrane invagination Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26589353 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. down regulation of membrane invagination down-regulation of membrane invagination downregulation of membrane invagination inhibition of membrane invagination negative regulation of membrane invagination Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26589353 down regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie downregulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie inhibition of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. up regulation of membrane invagination up-regulation of membrane invagination upregulation of membrane invagination activation of membrane invagination positive regulation of membrane invagination Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie upregulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie activation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23219725 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). regulation of epithelial tube formation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25745997 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. down regulation of epithelial tube formation down-regulation of epithelial tube formation downregulation of epithelial tube formation inhibition of epithelial tube formation An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). negative regulation of epithelial tube formation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25745997 down regulation of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. up regulation of epithelial tube formation up-regulation of epithelial tube formation upregulation of epithelial tube formation activation of epithelial tube formation An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). positive regulation of epithelial tube formation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25745997 up regulation of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie activation of epithelial tube formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. regulation of epithelium morphogenesis An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25745997 regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. down regulation of epithelium morphogenesis down regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium down-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis down-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium downregulation of epithelium morphogenesis downregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium negative regulation of epithelium morphogenesis inhibition of epithelium morphogenesis inhibition of morphogenesis of an epithelium An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25745997 down regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie downregulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. positive regulation of epithelium morphogenesis up regulation of epithelium morphogenesis up regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium up-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis up-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium upregulation of epithelium morphogenesis upregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium activation of epithelium morphogenesis activation of morphogenesis of an epithelium An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25745997 positive regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie upregulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie activation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GOC:TermGenie The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone. cilial transition zone assembly cilial transition zone formation ciliary transition zone formation cilium transition zone assembly cilium transition zone formation ciliary transition zone assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GO_REF:0000079 PMID:21725307 PMID:23644468 PMID:24448408 PMID:26595381 PMID:26982032 cilial transition zone assembly GOC:TermGenie cilial transition zone formation GOC:TermGenie ciliary transition zone formation GOC:TermGenie cilium transition zone assembly GOC:TermGenie cilium transition zone formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. regulation of motile primary cilia assembly regulation of motile primary cilia formation regulation of motile primary cilium assembly regulation of motile primary cilium formation regulation of nodal cilium assembly regulation of nodal cilium formation regulation of motile cilium assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25294941 regulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. inhibition of motile primary cilia assembly inhibition of motile primary cilia formation inhibition of motile primary cilium assembly inhibition of motile primary cilium formation down regulation of motile primary cilia assembly down regulation of motile primary cilia formation down regulation of motile primary cilium assembly down regulation of motile primary cilium formation down regulation of nodal cilium assembly down regulation of nodal cilium formation down-regulation of motile primary cilia assembly down-regulation of motile primary cilia formation down-regulation of motile primary cilium assembly down-regulation of motile primary cilium formation down-regulation of nodal cilium assembly down-regulation of nodal cilium formation downregulation of motile primary cilia assembly downregulation of motile primary cilia formation downregulation of motile primary cilium assembly downregulation of motile primary cilium formation downregulation of nodal cilium assembly downregulation of nodal cilium formation inhibition of nodal cilium assembly inhibition of nodal cilium formation negative regulation of motile primary cilia assembly negative regulation of motile primary cilia formation negative regulation of motile primary cilium assembly negative regulation of motile primary cilium formation negative regulation of nodal cilium assembly negative regulation of nodal cilium formation negative regulation of motile cilium assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25294941 inhibition of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. activation of motile primary cilia assembly activation of motile primary cilia formation activation of motile primary cilium assembly activation of motile primary cilium formation activation of nodal cilium assembly activation of nodal cilium formation positive regulation of motile primary cilia assembly positive regulation of motile primary cilia formation positive regulation of motile primary cilium assembly positive regulation of motile primary cilium formation positive regulation of nodal cilium assembly positive regulation of nodal cilium formation up regulation of motile primary cilia assembly up regulation of motile primary cilia formation up regulation of motile primary cilium assembly up regulation of motile primary cilium formation up regulation of nodal cilium assembly up regulation of nodal cilium formation up-regulation of motile primary cilia assembly up-regulation of motile primary cilia formation up-regulation of motile primary cilium assembly up-regulation of motile primary cilium formation up-regulation of nodal cilium assembly up-regulation of nodal cilium formation upregulation of motile primary cilia assembly upregulation of motile primary cilia formation upregulation of motile primary cilium assembly upregulation of motile primary cilium formation upregulation of nodal cilium assembly upregulation of nodal cilium formation positive regulation of motile cilium assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25294941 activation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie activation of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie activation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of motile primary cilia assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of motile primary cilia formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of motile primary cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of motile primary cilium formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nodal cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nodal cilium formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. positive regulation of syngamy up regulation of fertilization up regulation of syngamy up-regulation of fertilization up-regulation of syngamy upregulation of fertilization upregulation of syngamy activation of fertilization activation of syngamy positive regulation of fertilization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hbye GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27564576 positive regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie up regulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie activation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie activation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of saliva secretion. down regulation of saliva secretion down regulation of salivation down-regulation of saliva secretion down-regulation of salivation downregulation of saliva secretion downregulation of salivation negative regulation of salivation inhibition of saliva secretion inhibition of salivation negative regulation of saliva secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of saliva secretion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23419067 down regulation of saliva secretion GOC:TermGenie down regulation of salivation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of saliva secretion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of salivation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of saliva secretion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of salivation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of salivation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of saliva secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of salivation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:8692859 regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. down regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch down regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus down regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus down regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus down regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch down regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch down regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus down-regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch down-regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus down-regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus down-regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus down-regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch down-regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch down-regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus downregulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch downregulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus downregulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus downregulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus downregulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch downregulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch downregulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus negative regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus negative regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus negative regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus negative regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch negative regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch negative regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus inhibition of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch inhibition of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus inhibition of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus inhibition of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus inhibition of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch inhibition of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch inhibition of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus negative regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:8692859 down regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie down regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie down regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie down regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie down regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie downregulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie downregulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie inhibition of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie inhibition of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. positive regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus positive regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus positive regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus positive regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch positive regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch positive regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus up regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch up regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus up regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus up regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus up regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch up regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch up regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus up-regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch up-regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus up-regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus up-regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus up-regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch up-regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch up-regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus upregulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch upregulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus upregulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus upregulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus upregulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch upregulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch upregulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus activation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch activation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus activation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus activation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus activation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch activation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch activation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus positive regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:8692859 positive regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie up regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie up regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie upregulation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie upregulation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch GOC:TermGenie activation of perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie activation of sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch GOC:TermGenie activation of tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation up regulation of chromosome condensation up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation up-regulation of chromosome condensation up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation upregulation of chromosome condensation upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation activation of chromosome condensation activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation activation of nuclear chromosome condensation positive regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17268547 positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. regulation of ovum development regulation of oogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. down regulation of oogenesis down regulation of ovum development down-regulation of oogenesis down-regulation of ovum development downregulation of oogenesis downregulation of ovum development negative regulation of ovum development inhibition of oogenesis inhibition of ovum development negative regulation of oogenesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 down regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. positive regulation of ovum development up regulation of oogenesis up regulation of ovum development up-regulation of oogenesis up-regulation of ovum development upregulation of oogenesis upregulation of ovum development activation of oogenesis activation of ovum development positive regulation of oogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 positive regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie activation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. regulation of mesoderm formation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23939491 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. down regulation of mesoderm formation down-regulation of mesoderm formation downregulation of mesoderm formation inhibition of mesoderm formation negative regulation of mesoderm formation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23939491 down regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. up regulation of mesoderm formation up-regulation of mesoderm formation upregulation of mesoderm formation activation of mesoderm formation positive regulation of mesoderm formation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23939491 up regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie activation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion. DNA recombination in mitochondria mitochondrion DNA recombination Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000062 PMID:8087883 DNA recombination in mitochondria GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. regulation of lipid localisation regulation of lipid localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17564681 regulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. down regulation of lipid localisation down regulation of lipid localization down-regulation of lipid localisation down-regulation of lipid localization downregulation of lipid localisation downregulation of lipid localization negative regulation of lipid localisation inhibition of lipid localisation inhibition of lipid localization negative regulation of lipid localization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17564681 down regulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. positive regulation of lipid localisation up regulation of lipid localisation up regulation of lipid localization up-regulation of lipid localisation up-regulation of lipid localization upregulation of lipid localisation upregulation of lipid localization activation of lipid localisation activation of lipid localization positive regulation of lipid localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17564681 positive regulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie activation of lipid localisation GOC:TermGenie activation of lipid localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. regulation of multicellular organismal development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis regulation of animal organ morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. GOC:obol regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. regulation of stem cell renewal regulation of stem cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. GOC:obol regulation of stem cell renewal GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. regulation of cell locomotion regulation of movement of a cell regulation of cell movement regulation of cell motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. negative regulation of cell locomotion negative regulation of movement of a cell negative regulation of cell movement negative regulation of cell motility Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah negative regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol negative regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol negative regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. positive regulation of cell locomotion positive regulation of movement of a cell positive regulation of cell movement positive regulation of cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah positive regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol positive regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol positive regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. positive regulation of ciliary cell motility positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. GOC:cilia GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. regulation of reproductive process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. negative regulation of reproductive process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. positive regulation of reproductive process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. negative regulation of receptor activity negative regulation of signalling receptor activity negative regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. positive regulation of signalling receptor activity positive regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. regulation of defecation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. negative regulation of defecation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. positive regulation of defecation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. regulation of mesoderm development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. negative regulation of mesoderm development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. positive regulation of mesoderm development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. regulation of ectoderm development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. negative regulation of ectoderm development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. positive regulation of ectoderm development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. negative regulation of gastrulation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. positive regulation of gastrulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. regulation of thyroid hormone generation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. negative regulation of thyroid hormone generation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. regulation of PTH secretion regulation of parathormone secretion regulation of parathyrin secretion regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. GOC:obol regulation of PTH secretion GOC:obol regulation of parathormone secretion GOC:obol regulation of parathyrin secretion GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. negative regulation of PTH secretion negative regulation of parathormone secretion negative regulation of parathyrin secretion negative regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. GOC:obol negative regulation of PTH secretion GOC:obol negative regulation of parathormone secretion GOC:obol negative regulation of parathyrin secretion GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. positive regulation of PTH secretion positive regulation of parathormone secretion positive regulation of parathyrin secretion positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. GOC:obol positive regulation of PTH secretion GOC:obol positive regulation of parathormone secretion GOC:obol positive regulation of parathyrin secretion GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. regulation of steroid hormone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. GOC:sl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. negative regulation of steroid hormone secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. GOC:sl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. GOC:sl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. regulation of androgen secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. GOC:sl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. negative regulation of androgen secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. GOC:sl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. positive regulation of androgen secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. GOC:sl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion. regulation of corticosteroid secretion regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion. GOC:sl regulation of corticosteroid secretion GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion. negative regulation of corticosteroid secretion negative regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion. GOC:sl negative regulation of corticosteroid secretion GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion. positive regulation of corticosteroid secretion positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion. GOC:sl positive regulation of corticosteroid secretion GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion. regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion. GOC:sl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion. negative regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion. GOC:sl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion. positive regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion. GOC:sl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion. regulation of aldosterone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion. GOC:sl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion. negative regulation of aldosterone secretion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion. GOC:sl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion. positive regulation of aldosterone secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion. GOC:sl Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis. epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. regulation of renal water transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. negative regulation of renal water transport Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. positive regulation of renal water transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. regulation of dendritic cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. negative regulation of chromosome organisation negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance negative regulation of chromosome organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. GOC:obol negative regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:obol negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:obol negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity GOC:obol negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. positive regulation of chromosome organisation positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance positive regulation of chromosome organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. GOC:obol positive regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:obol positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:obol positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity GOC:obol positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GOC:obol UMLS:C0444868 Root of all terms in the Human Phenotype Ontology. All Deviation from the norm of height with respect to that which is expected according to age and gender norms. UMLS:C4025901 Abnormality of body height Abnormality of body height Deviation from the norm of height with respect to that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Abnormality of body height An abnormality of the female internal genitalia. UMLS:C4025900 Abnormality of female internal genitalia Abnormal morphology of female internal genitalia An abnormality of the female internal genitalia. Dysfunction of the urinary bladder. UMLS:C3806583 Poor bladder function Functional abnormality of the bladder Dysfunction of the urinary bladder. Underdevelopment of the uterus. SNOMEDCT_US:35850006 UMLS:C0266399 Hypoplastic uterus Rudimentary uterus Small uterus Underdeveloped uterus Hypoplasia of the uterus Underdevelopment of the uterus. Small uterus Underdeveloped uterus An abnormality of the urinary bladder. UMLS:C0149632 Abnormality of the bladder An abnormality of the urinary bladder. Diverticulum (sac or pouch) in the wall of the urinary bladder. MSH:C562406 SNOMEDCT_US:197866008 UMLS:C0156273 Bladder diverticula Bladder diverticulum Diverticulum (sac or pouch) in the wall of the urinary bladder. Bladder diverticula An abnormality of the male internal genitalia. UMLS:C4025899 The internal genital structures of the male including the testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, bulbourethral gland, and the prostate. Abnormal male internal genitalia morphology An abnormality of the male internal genitalia. The presence of inflammation of the prostate. MSH:D011472 SNOMEDCT_US:9713002 UMLS:C0033581 Inflammation of the prostate Prostatitis The presence of inflammation of the prostate. Inflammation of the prostate UMLS:C4025898 Functional abnormality of male internal genitalia Decreased functionality of the male gonad, i.e., of the testis, with reduced spermatogenesis or testosterone synthesis. MSH:D005058 SNOMEDCT_US:48723006 UMLS:C0151721 Decreased function of male gonad Male hypogonadism Decreased functionality of the male gonad, i.e., of the testis, with reduced spermatogenesis or testosterone synthesis. Decreased function of male gonad Absence of any measurable level of sperm,whereby spermatozoa cannot be observed even after centrifugation of the semen pellet. MSH:D053713 SNOMEDCT_US:425558002 SNOMEDCT_US:48188009 UMLS:C0004509 Absent sperm in semen Azoospermia Absence of any measurable level of sperm,whereby spermatozoa cannot be observed even after centrifugation of the semen pellet. PMID:20514278 Absent sperm in semen Wasting (atrophy) of the testicle (the male gonad) manifested by a decrease in size and potentially by a loss of fertility. SNOMEDCT_US:17585008 UMLS:C0156312 Testicular degeneration Testicular atrophy Wasting (atrophy) of the testicle (the male gonad) manifested by a decrease in size and potentially by a loss of fertility. Testicular degeneration The presence of inflammation of the epididymis. MSH:D004823 SNOMEDCT_US:31070006 UMLS:C0014534 Epididymitis The presence of inflammation of the epididymis. Any structural abnormality of male external genitalia. UMLS:C4025897 Abnormality of male external genitalia Abnormal male external genitalia morphology Any structural abnormality of male external genitalia. An anomaly of the testicle (the male gonad). SNOMEDCT_US:55631001 UMLS:C0266423 Abnormality of the testis Anomaly of the testes Abnormal testis morphology An anomaly of the testicle (the male gonad). Abnormality of the testis Abnormality of the male external sex organ. UMLS:C4025896 Abnormality of the penis Abnormal penis morphology Abnormality of the penis Penile length more than 2 SD above the mean for age. SNOMEDCT_US:88673001 UMLS:C0269011 Enlarged penis Long penis Penile length is the distance between the midline attachment of the gently stretched, flaccid penis above the pubic symphysis and tip of the glans. Long penis Enlarged penis Long penis Lack of external genitalia in a male or female individual. UMLS:C1848869 Absent external genitalia Absent external genitalia Lack of external genitalia in a male or female individual. Absent external genitalia Any structural abnormality of the scrotum, i.e., the sac that contains the testes, epididymis, and the lower part of the spermatic cord. UMLS:C4025895 Abnormality of the scrotum Abnormal scrotum morphology Apparently small scrotum for age. SNOMEDCT_US:204912007 UMLS:C0431659 Hypoplastic scrotum Scrotal hypoplasia Smaller than typical growth of scrotum Underdeveloped scrotum A small scrotum is often accompanied by Cryptorchidism which should be coded separately. The size of the scrotum is dependent on the ambient temperature: a low temperature may cause the testes to retract, leading to the false impression of a small scrotum. Small scrotum Apparently small scrotum for age. PMID:23650202 Smaller than typical growth of scrotum Underdeveloped scrotum Midline indentation or cleft of the scrotum. SNOMEDCT_US:236780002 UMLS:C0341787 Cleft of scrotum Scrotal cleft A testis may or may not be present in each half of the scrotum. Bifid scrotum Midline indentation or cleft of the scrotum. PMID:23650202 Cleft of scrotum Underdevelopment of part or all of the male external reproductive organs (which include the penis, the scrotum and the urethra). UMLS:C1852534 Hypoplastic male genitalia Small male external genitalia Underdeveloped male genitalia Hypoplastic male external genitalia Underdevelopment of part or all of the male external reproductive organs (which include the penis, the scrotum and the urethra). Small male external genitalia Underdeveloped male genitalia The presence of abnormally large testes. UMLS:C1263023 Large testicles Large testis Macroorchidism The presence of abnormally large testes. Large testis Any structural abnormality of the female external genitalia. UMLS:C4021822 Abnormal female external genitalia Abnormality of female external genitalia Abnormal female external genitalia morphology Any structural abnormality of the female external genitalia. Abnormal female external genitalia Any structural abnormality of the clitoris. UMLS:C4025893 Abnormality of the clit Abnormality of the clitoris Abnormal clitoris morphology Any structural abnormality of the clitoris. Abnormality of the clit Developmental hypoplasia of the clitoris. UMLS:C1844527 Hypoplastic clitoris Small clitoris Underdeveloped clit Clitoral hypoplasia Developmental hypoplasia of the clitoris. Small clitoris Underdeveloped clit An abnormality of the ureter. The ureter is the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. UMLS:C1840382 Abnormality of the ureters Ureter issue Ureteral anomalies Abnormality of the ureter An abnormality of the ureter. The ureter is the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. A developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of two, instead of one, ureter connecting a kidney to the bladder. SNOMEDCT_US:49496001 UMLS:C0221365 Double ureter Ureteral duplication A developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of two, instead of one, ureter connecting a kidney to the bladder. Double ureter A congenital anomaly of the urinary tract, in which the kidney is duplicated and is drained via two separate renal pelves and ureters. SNOMEDCT_US:30275001 UMLS:C0266298 Extra kidney Supernumerary kidney Renal duplication A congenital anomaly of the urinary tract, in which the kidney is duplicated and is drained via two separate renal pelves and ureters. Extra kidney An abnormality of the kidney. MSH:D007674 SNOMEDCT_US:44513007 SNOMEDCT_US:90708001 UMLS:C0022658 UMLS:C0266292 Abnormal kidney Abnormality of the kidney Renal anomalies Renal anomaly The kidney is a paired organ whose primary function is the production of urine. Abnormality of the kidney An abnormality of the kidney. Abnormal kidney Abnormality of the kidney An abnormality of the genital system. UMLS:C0281966 UMLS:C0744356 Genital abnormalities Genital abnormality Genital anomalies Genital defects Abnormality of the reproductive system Abnormality of the genital system An abnormality of the genital system. Genital abnormalities Genital abnormality Genital anomalies Genital defects Abnormality of the reproductive system An abnormality of the urinary system. UMLS:C4021821 Urinary tract abnormalities Urinary tract abnormality Urinary tract anomalies Abnormality of the urinary system An abnormality of the urinary system. Urinary tract abnormalities Urinary tract abnormality Urinary tract anomalies An abnormal functionality of the genital system. Abnormality of genital physiology UMLS:C4020896 UMLS:C4021820 Abnormality of reproductive system physiology Genital functional abnormality Abnormality of reproductive system physiology An abnormal functionality of the genital system. Abnormality of genital physiology Abnormality of reproductive system physiology Genital functional abnormality A duplication of the collecting system of the kidney, defined as a kidney with two (instead of, normally, one) pyelocaliceal systems. The pyelocaliceal system is comprised of the renal pelvis and calices. The duplicated renal collecting system can be associated with a single ureter or with double ureters. In the latter case, the two ureters empty separately into the bladder or fuse to form a single ureteral orifice. UMLS:C1858565 Double collecting system Double urinary collecting systems on intravenous pyelography Duplex collecting system Duplicated renal collecting system Duplicated collecting system A duplication of the collecting system of the kidney, defined as a kidney with two (instead of, normally, one) pyelocaliceal systems. The pyelocaliceal system is comprised of the renal pelvis and calices. The duplicated renal collecting system can be associated with a single ureter or with double ureters. In the latter case, the two ureters empty separately into the bladder or fuse to form a single ureteral orifice. Hypoplasia of the kidney. SNOMEDCT_US:32659003 UMLS:C0266295 Hypoplastic kidney Hypoplastic kidneys Small kidneys Underdeveloped kidneys Oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia differs from simple hypoplasia, in which the renal mass is reduced but the number of nephrons is normal. Renal hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the kidney. Small kidneys Underdeveloped kidneys An abnormality of the renal tubules. UMLS:C4021826 Abnormality of the renal tubule Morphologic abnormality of the renal tubules The renal tubules are reabsorptive canals that are involved in the secreting, collecting, and conducting of the urine. Abnormal renal tubule morphology An abnormality of the renal tubules. The presence of renal tubules with thick redundant basement membranes, or a reduction of greater than 50% in tubular diameter compared to surrounding non-atrophic tubules. UMLS:C1858395 Renal tubular cell atrophy Tubular atrophy Atrophic tubules must be distinguished from acute tubular injury as both can show extensive tubular epithelial changes. In acute tubular injury, tubules are often dilated and tubular basement membranes are smooth and maintain normal thickness, in contrast to the contracted tubules with thickened and wrinkled tubular basement membranes of tubular atrophy. Further, in acute tubular injury, tubules are usually back-to-back or mildly separated by interstitial edema, while in tubular atrophy tubules can be separated by interstitial fibrosis. Uniform thickening of tubular basement membranes without shrinkage and otherwise healthy epithelial cells can be seen in diabetic nephropathy. Duplication, or lamellation, thickening, and disruption of tubular basement membranes with tubular dilatation can be seen in medullary cystic kidney disease/nephronophthisis. Renal tubular atrophy The presence of renal tubules with thick redundant basement membranes, or a reduction of greater than 50% in tubular diameter compared to surrounding non-atrophic tubules. PMID:27211375 Increased levels of protein in the urine. MSH:D011507 SNOMEDCT_US:29738008 UMLS:C0033687 High urine protein levels Protein in urine Proteinuria Increased levels of protein in the urine. High urine protein levels Protein in urine A structural anomaly of the glomerulus. UMLS:C4025889 Abnormality of renal glomerulus morphology Morphologic abnormality of the renal glomerulus Each human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. The glomerulus is the most proximal component of the nephron. The glomerulus of the mammalian kidney is a highly developed vascular bed that acts as a filter, allowing a filtrate of small molecules, such as water, sugars, electrolytes and small proteins, to pass through a barrier that retains high molecular weight proteins and cells in the circulation. Abnormal renal glomerulus morphology A structural anomaly of the glomerulus. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl PMID:18184729 A height above that which is expected according to age and gender norms. SNOMEDCT_US:248328003 UMLS:C0241240 Accelerated linear growth Increased body height Increased linear growth Tall stature Tall stature A height above that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Increased body height Tall stature An increased rate of urine production. MSH:D011141 SNOMEDCT_US:28442001 SNOMEDCT_US:56574000 SNOMEDCT_US:718402002 UMLS:C0032617 Increased urine output An excessive volume of urination for an adult is more than 2.5 liters of urine per day. Polyuria An increased rate of urine production. Increased urine output Agenesis, that is, failure of the kidney to develop during embryogenesis and development. Fyler:4503 SNOMEDCT_US:204942005 UMLS:C0542519 Absent kidney Missing kidney Renal aplasia Renal agenesis can occur as a unilateral or bilateral trait. Renal agenesis Agenesis, that is, failure of the kidney to develop during embryogenesis and development. Absent kidney Missing kidney An abnormal increase in the size of the kidney. SNOMEDCT_US:300444006 UMLS:C0542518 Enlarged kidney Large kidneys Nephromegaly Renal enlargement Large kidney The main causes of large kidney are hydronephrosis, polycystic disease, renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma/Wilms tumor (in children), and solitary cysts. If possible, a specific term should be used instead of this one. There are several ways of diagnosing enlarged kidney including intravenous urography. Enlarged kidney An abnormal increase in the size of the kidney. Enlarged kidney Large kidneys A fluid filled sac in the kidney. MSH:D052177 UMLS:C0022679 UMLS:C3887499 Kidney cyst Cystic kidney disease Cystic kidneys Renal cysts Renal cyst A fluid filled sac in the kidney. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_fschaefer Kidney cyst Cystic kidney disease Cystic kidneys Renal cysts The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney. MSH:C563261 SNOMEDCT_US:204949001 UMLS:C1619700 UMLS:C3536714 Dysplastic kidneys Renal adysplasia Renal dysplasia The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney. A phenotypic abnormality. UMLS:C4021819 Organ abnormality This is the root of the phenotypic abnormality subontology of the HPO. Phenotypic abnormality A phenotypic abnormality. The presence of any abnormality of the genitourinary system. MSH:D014564 SNOMEDCT_US:287085006 SNOMEDCT_US:42030000 UMLS:C0042063 UMLS:C0080276 UMLS:C4020895 Abnormality of the GU system Genitourinary abnormality Genitourinary tract anomalies Genitourinary tract malformation Urogenital abnormalities Urogenital anomalies Genitourinary disease Genitourinary dysplasia Abnormality of the genitourinary system The presence of any abnormality of the genitourinary system. Abnormality of the GU system Nephrocalcinosis is the deposition of calcium salts in renal parenchyma. MSH:D009397 SNOMEDCT_US:48638002 UMLS:C0027709 UMLS:C4280679 Too much calcium deposited in kidneys Increased calcium level in kidney Nephrocalcinosis can be intratubular or interstitial, and can be diagnosed by means of a radiologic exam (plain radiographs, ultrasonograms, or computed tomography scans) or via microscopic examination of the renal tissues. The term nephrocalcinosis most often applies to a generalized increase in renal calcium content. Nephrocalcinosis Nephrocalcinosis is the deposition of calcium salts in renal parenchyma. Too much calcium deposited in kidneys Increased calcium level in kidney The presence of inflammation affecting the kidney. MSH:D009393 SNOMEDCT_US:52845002 UMLS:C0027697 Kidney inflammation Nephritis The presence of inflammation affecting the kidney. Kidney inflammation Abnormal function of the renal tubule. The basic functional unit of the kidney, the nephron, consists of a renal corpuscle attached to a renal tubule, with roughly 0.8 to 1.5 nephrons per adult kidney. The functions of the renal tubule include reabsorption of water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids and secretion of substances such as uric acid. SNOMEDCT_US:95568003 UMLS:C0151747 Abnormal function of filtrating structures in kidney Renal tubular defect Renal tubular disease Renal tubular dysfunction Abnormal function of filtrating structures in kidney An abnormality of the uterus. MSH:C562565 SNOMEDCT_US:37849005 UMLS:C0266383 Abnormality of the uterus Uterine abnormalities Uterine malformations Abnormality of the uterus An abnormality of the uterus. Abnormality of the uterus Uterine abnormalities Uterine malformations The presence of a leiomyoma of the uterus. MSH:D007889 NCIT:C3157 SNOMEDCT_US:146801000119103 SNOMEDCT_US:44598004 SNOMEDCT_US:95315005 UMLS:C0042133 Benign uterine leiomyomas Uterine fibroid Leiomyoma is a benign neoplasm derived from smooth muscle cells. Uterine leiomyoma The presence of a leiomyoma of the uterus. MSH:D006059 MSH:D006060 SNOMEDCT_US:205681004 SNOMEDCT_US:38804009 SNOMEDCT_US:83579008 SNOMEDCT_US:95219002 UMLS:C0018051 UMLS:C0018055 UMLS:C0687149 Mixed gonadal dysgenesis Pure gonadal dysgenesis Gonadal dysgenesis Decreased functionality of the female gonads, i.e., of the ovary. SNOMEDCT_US:16041008 UMLS:C0271578 Hypogonadism, female Female hypogonadism Decreased functionality of the female gonads, i.e., of the ovary. A decreased functionality of the gonad. MSH:D007006 SNOMEDCT_US:48130008 UMLS:C0020619 Decreased activity of gonads Reduced functioning of the gonads (ovaries or testes) with reduced production of sex hormones. Hypogonadism A decreased functionality of the gonad. Decreased activity of gonads The presence of a bifid uterus. UMLS:C1850327 A uterus that is divided into two lateral horns as a result of imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts. Bifid uterus The presence of a bifid uterus. An abnormality of the ovary. MSH:D010049 SNOMEDCT_US:5552004 UMLS:C0029928 UMLS:C4021818 Abnormality of the ovaries Abnormality of the ovary Ovarian disease Abnormality of the ovary An abnormality of the ovary. Abnormality of the ovaries Abnormality of the ovary Ovarian disease Any structural abnormality of the vagina. UMLS:C1856023 Vaginal malformation Abnormal vagina morphology Any structural abnormality of the vagina. Aplasia of the uterus. SNOMEDCT_US:248942000 UMLS:C0425913 Absent uterus uterus absent Aplasia of the uterus Aplasia of the uterus. Absent uterus uterus absent An abnormality of head and neck. UMLS:C4021817 Abnormality of head or neck Head and neck abnormality Abnormality of head or neck An abnormality of head and neck. Abnormality of head or neck Head and neck abnormality An abnormality of the mouth. MSH:D009056 SNOMEDCT_US:128334002 UMLS:C0026633 Abnormal mouth Abnormality of the mouth Abnormality of the mouth An abnormality of the mouth. Abnormal mouth Abnormality of the mouth Any abnormality of the tongue. UMLS:C0878638 Abnormal tongue Abnormality of the tongue Glossal abnormality Lingual abnormality Tongue abnormality Abnormality of the tongue Any abnormality of the tongue. Abnormal tongue Abnormality of the tongue Glossal abnormality Lingual abnormality Tongue abnormality Increased length and width of the tongue. Glossal hypertrophy Lingual hyperplasia Lingual hypertrophy MSH:D008260 SNOMEDCT_US:25273001 UMLS:C0024421 Abnormally large tongue Hyperplasia of the tongue Hypertrophy of the tongue Increased size of tongue Large tongue Tongue hypertrophy Normal standards do not exist. Large size usually leads to protrusion of the tongue. This is an acknowledged bundled term, but due to its frequent usage and relative paucity of situations that would call for separate individual assessments of tongue dimensions, the bundled term is retained. Micrognathia may give the false appearance of a large tongue. Macroglossia Increased length and width of the tongue. PMID:19125428 Glossal hypertrophy Lingual hyperplasia Lingual hypertrophy Abnormally large tongue Increased size of tongue Large tongue An abnormality of the lip. UMLS:C2183966 Abnormal lip Abnormality of the lip Lip abnormality Anomaly of lip Deformity of lip Malformation of lip Abnormal lip morphology An abnormality of the lip. Abnormal lip Abnormality of the lip Lip abnormality Anomaly of lip Deformity of lip Malformation of lip Abnormality of the oral cavity, i.e., the opening or hollow part of the mouth. UMLS:C4025887 Abnormality of the oral cavity Abnormal oral cavity morphology Abnormality of the oral cavity, i.e., the opening or hollow part of the mouth. Abnormality of the oral cavity Any abnormality of the teeth. MSH:D014071 SNOMEDCT_US:422775003 UMLS:C0040427 UMLS:C0262444 Abnormal dentition Abnormal teeth Dental abnormalities Dental abnormality Dental anomalies Abnormality of the teeth Dental problem Dental problems Tooth abnormalities Any abnormality of the primary (deciduous) or permanent teeth. Abnormality of the dentition Any abnormality of the teeth. Abnormal dentition Abnormal teeth Dental abnormalities Dental abnormality Dental anomalies Abnormality of the teeth Dental problem Dental problems Tooth abnormalities Any abnormality of the gingiva (also known as gums). UMLS:C4021816 Abnormality of the gums Gingival abnormality The gingiva consists of the mucosal tissue that lies over the alveolar bone and around the base of the teeth. Abnormality of the gingiva Any abnormality of the gingiva (also known as gums). Abnormality of the gums Decreased length and width of the tongue. MSH:D014060 SNOMEDCT_US:249380003 SNOMEDCT_US:32614006 UMLS:C0025988 UMLS:C0426492 Abnormally small tongue Decreased size of tongue Hypoglossia Hypoplasia of the tongue Hypoplastic tongue Lingual hypoplasia Rudimentary tongue Small tongue Underdevelopment of the tongue Normal standards do not exist. The term aglossia is often used for extremely small tongue, but a nubbin of tongue tissue is almost always present and aglossia in sensu strictu is extremely rare. This is an acknowledged bundled term, but due to its frequent usage and relative paucity of situations that would call for separate individual assessments of tongue dimensions, the bundled term is retained. Microglossia Decreased length and width of the tongue. PMID:19125428 Abnormally small tongue Underdevelopment of the tongue Any abnormality of the palate, i.e., of roof of the mouth. UMLS:C4021815 Abnormality of the palate Abnormality of the roof of the mouth Palatal anomaly Palate abnormality Abnormal palate morphology Any abnormality of the palate, i.e., of roof of the mouth. Abnormality of the palate Abnormality of the roof of the mouth Palatal anomaly Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). Cleft secondary palate Fyler:4876 MSH:D002972 SNOMEDCT_US:63567004 SNOMEDCT_US:87979003 UMLS:C0008925 UMLS:C2981150 Cleft hard and soft palate Cleft of hard and soft palate Cleft of palate Cleft palate Cleft roof of mouth Palatoschisis Uranostaphyloschisis Cleft palate is a developmental defect that occurs between the 7th and 12th week of pregnancy. Normally, the palatine processes fuse during this time to form the soft and hard palate. A failure of fusion results in a cleft palate. The clinical spectrum ranges from bifid uvula, to (incomplete or complete) cleft of the soft palate, up to (complete or incomplete) cleft of both the soft and hard palate. Cleft palate Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). Cleft hard and soft palate Cleft of hard and soft palate Cleft palate Cleft roof of mouth Palatoschisis Uranostaphyloschisis An abnormality of the upper lip. UMLS:C4025884 Abnormality of upper lip Anomaly of the upper lip Deformity of the upper lip Malformation of the upper lip Abnormal upper lip morphology An abnormality of the upper lip. Abnormality of upper lip Anomaly of the upper lip Deformity of the upper lip Malformation of the upper lip An abnormality of the lower lip. UMLS:C4025883 Abnormality of lower lip Anomaly of the lower lip Deformity of the lower lip Malformation of the lower lip Abnormal lower lip morphology An abnormality of the lower lip. Abnormality of lower lip Anomaly of the lower lip Deformity of the lower lip Malformation of the lower lip Decreased width of the upper lip. UMLS:C1848977 Decreased height of upper lip Decreased upper labial height Decreased upper labial length Decreased vertical length of upper lip Short upper lip Shortening of upper lip Vertical deficiency of upper lip Short upper lip Decreased width of the upper lip. Decreased height of upper lip Decreased upper labial height Decreased upper labial length Decreased vertical length of upper lip Short upper lip Shortening of upper lip Vertical deficiency of upper lip A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth. SNOMEDCT_US:262016004 UMLS:C0240379 Gaped jawed appearance Gaped mouthed appearance Open mouth Slack jawed appearance Open mouth appearance Open mouth A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth. Gaped jawed appearance Gaped mouthed appearance Open mouth Slack jawed appearance Open mouth appearance The presence of a cleft (gap, opening, or groove) in the oral cavity, including cleft of the upper lip and/or cleft of the palate. Cleft of the upper lip is visible as a groove or fissure in the lip, most frequently due to a congenital failure of the maxillary and median nasal processes to fuse. Cleft palate is characterized by a grooved depression or fissure in the roof of the mouth, most often resulting from a congenital failure of the palate to fuse properly. Clefts of the lip and palate can occur individually or together. It is preferable to code each defect separately. SNOMEDCT_US:253983005 SNOMEDCT_US:66948001 UMLS:C0158646 UMLS:C4021813 Cleft of the mouth Oral cleft Oral clefting Cleft lip, cleft palate Cleft lip/palate Orofacial cleft The presence of a cleft (gap, opening, or groove) in the oral cavity, including cleft of the upper lip and/or cleft of the palate. Cleft of the upper lip is visible as a groove or fissure in the lip, most frequently due to a congenital failure of the maxillary and median nasal processes to fuse. Cleft palate is characterized by a grooved depression or fissure in the roof of the mouth, most often resulting from a congenital failure of the palate to fuse properly. Clefts of the lip and palate can occur individually or together. It is preferable to code each defect separately. PMID:21331089 https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/surveillancemanual/chapters/chapter-4/chapter4-6.html Cleft of the mouth A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development. Fyler:4875 MSH:D002971 SNOMEDCT_US:80281008 UMLS:C0008924 Cheiloschisis of upper lip Cleft upper lip Harelip Cleft of upper lip Cleft upper lip A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development. Cheiloschisis of upper lip Cleft upper lip Harelip Cleft of upper lip Hyperplasia of the gingiva (that is, a thickening of the soft tissue overlying the alveolar ridge. The degree of thickening ranges from involvement of the interdental papillae alone to gingival overgrowth covering the entire tooth crown. MSH:D005885 MSH:D005886 MSH:D019214 SNOMEDCT_US:441787004 SNOMEDCT_US:441798003 SNOMEDCT_US:54711002 UMLS:C0017566 UMLS:C0017567 UMLS:C0376480 Gingival enlargement Gingival hyperplasia Gum enlargement Gum hypertrophy Hypertrophic gingivitis Oral soft tissue hyperplasia This finding is to be distinguished from overgrowth of the alveolar ridge. Gingival overgrowth Hyperplasia of the gingiva (that is, a thickening of the soft tissue overlying the alveolar ridge. The degree of thickening ranges from involvement of the interdental papillae alone to gingival overgrowth covering the entire tooth crown. PMID:19125428 Gingival enlargement Gum enlargement Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective). SNOMEDCT_US:27272007 UMLS:C0240635 Elevated palate High arched palate High palate High, arched palate High-arched palate Increased palatal height Palate high-arched Palate, high-arched Ogival palate The measuring device for this assessment is described in (Hall JG, Froster-Iskenius UG, Allanson JE, Gripp K, Slavotinek A. 2006. Handbook of Normal Physical Measurements. 2nd edition. Oxford Medical, publishers). A high palate is often associated with a narrow palate. However, a narrow palate can easily give a false appearance of a high palate. Height and width of the palate should be assessed and coded separately. We do not recommend the subjective determination because this term can be overused and applied inaccurately. High palate Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective). PMID:19125428 Elevated palate High palate Increased palatal height Inflammation of the gingiva. MSH:D005891 SNOMEDCT_US:66383009 UMLS:C0017574 Gingival inflammation Inflamed gums Red and swollen gums Gingivitis Inflammation of the gingiva. Gingival inflammation Inflamed gums Red and swollen gums An abnormality of the head. UMLS:C4021812 Abnormal head Abnormality of the head Head abnormality Abnormality of the head An abnormality of the head. Abnormal head Abnormality of the head Head abnormality Any abnormality of the fontanelles (the regions covered by a thick membrane that normally ossify in the first two years of life) or the cranial sutures (the fibrous joints in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments). UMLS:C4025876 Fontanels are the fibrous, membrane-covered gaps created when more than two cranial bones are juxtaposed, as opposed to sutures, which are narrow seams of fibrous connective tissue that separate the flat bones of the skull. At birth, an infant has six fontanels (the anterior and posterior, two mastoid, and two sphenoid). The anterior fontanel is the largest and most important for clinical evaluation. The average size of the anterior fontanel is 2.1 cm, and the median time of closure is 13.8 months. Abnormality of the fontanelles or cranial sutures Any abnormality of the fontanelles (the regions covered by a thick membrane that normally ossify in the first two years of life) or the cranial sutures (the fibrous joints in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments). PMID:12825844 Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation. MSH:D006849 SNOMEDCT_US:230745008 UMLS:C0020255 Hydrocephaly Nonsyndromal hydrocephalus Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain Hydrocephalus results from an imbalance between the rate of production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), mainly in the choroid plexus, and its reabsorption in the subarchnoid space over brain and spinal cord. Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation. PMID:18211712 PMID:19410151 Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain In newborns, the two frontal bones, two parietal bones, and one occipital bone are joined by fibrous sutures, which form a small posterior fontanelle, and a larger, diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle. These regions allow for the skull to pass the birth canal and for later growth. The fontanelles gradually ossify, whereby the posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks and the anterior fontanelle by the 9th to 16th month of age. Large fontanelles are diagnosed if the fontanelles are larger than age-dependent norms. SNOMEDCT_US:276709006 UMLS:C0456132 UMLS:C4072820 UMLS:C4072821 UMLS:C4072822 Enlarged fontanelles Large fontanel Large fontanelle Large fontanels Persistent wide fontanel Wide fontanelles Large bregma sutures Large, late-closing fontanelle Wide bregma sutures There are six membrane-covered openings between the cranial sutures in the incompletely ossified skull of the fetus or newborn infant that normally close sometime after birth (anterior fontanel, cranial fontanel, mastoid fontanel, posterior fontanel, sphenoidal fontanel). Large fontanelles In newborns, the two frontal bones, two parietal bones, and one occipital bone are joined by fibrous sutures, which form a small posterior fontanelle, and a larger, diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle. These regions allow for the skull to pass the birth canal and for later growth. The fontanelles gradually ossify, whereby the posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks and the anterior fontanelle by the 9th to 16th month of age. Large fontanelles are diagnosed if the fontanelles are larger than age-dependent norms. Wide fontanelles Large bregma sutures Large, late-closing fontanelle Wide bregma sutures Any abnormality of the size of the skull. Abnormality of head size UMLS:C4025874 Abnormality of cranium size Abnormality of skull size Abnormality of skull size Any abnormality of the size of the skull. Abnormality of head size Abnormality of cranium size Abnormality of skull size An abnormal increase of density of the bones making up the calvaria. UMLS:C1854834 Dense skull cap Dense calvaria An abnormal increase of density of the bones making up the calvaria. Dense skull cap Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Abnormally small head Decreased size of head Small head Small skull Fyler:4310 SNOMEDCT_US:271611007 UMLS:C4551563 Abnormally small cranium Abnormally small skull Decreased circumference of cranium Decreased size of cranium Decreased size of skull Reduced head circumference Small head circumference small calvarium small cranium Head circumference is measured from just above the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose) to the most posterior prominent point of the occipital bone using a tape measure. Some standard charts are organized by centiles, others by standard deviations. It is important to add an indication of how far below the normal standard the head circumference is if an accurate assessment of this can be made. Microcephaly is an absolute term. The term relative microcephaly can be used when the head size centile is less than the centile for height, for example, head size at the 3rd centile with height at the 75% for age and sex. On prenatal ultrasound, microcephaly is diagnosed if the head circumference or the biparietal diameter is more than three standard deviations below the mean. Microcephaly is divided into primary microcephaly, which is present at birth, and secondary microcephaly, which develops postnatally. The crucial difference between these groupings is that primary microcephaly is usually a static developmental anomaly, whereas secondary microcephaly indicates a progressive neurodegenerative condition Microcephaly Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. PMID:15806441 PMID:19125436 PMID:25465325 PMID:9683597 Abnormally small head Decreased size of head Small head Small skull Abnormally small cranium Abnormally small skull Decreased circumference of cranium Decreased size of cranium Decreased size of skull Reduced head circumference Small head circumference small calvarium small cranium Progressive microcephaly is diagnosed when the head circumference falls progressively behind age- and gender-dependent norms. UMLS:C1850456 Microcephaly, postnatal, progressive Microcephaly, progressive Progressively abnormally small cranium Progressively abnormally small skull Progressive microcephaly Progressive microcephaly is diagnosed when the head circumference falls progressively behind age- and gender-dependent norms. Microcephaly, progressive Progressively abnormally small cranium Progressively abnormally small skull Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium. Big calvaria Big cranium Big head Big skull Increased size of head Large calvaria Large cranium Large skull Fyler:4335 UMLS:C4083076 UMLS:C4255213 UMLS:C4280663 UMLS:C4280664 Increased size of cranium Increased size of skull Large head Large head circumference Macrocephalus Macrocrania Megacephaly Macrocephaly can be due to hydrocephalus (increased CFSF), megalencephaly (increased brain volume) or thickening of the skull. Head circumference is measured from just above the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose) to the most posterior prominent point of the occipital bone using a tape measure. Some standard charts are organized by centiles [Hall et al. [2007]], others by standard deviations [Farkas, [1981]]. It is important to add an indication of how far above the normal standard the head circumference is if an accurate assessment of this can be made. Macrocephaly is an absolute term. The term relative macrocephaly can be used when the head size centile exceeds the centile for height, for example, head size at the 75th centile with height at the 5th centile for age and sex. Macrocephaly Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium. PMID:19125436 Big calvaria Big cranium Big head Big skull Increased size of head Large calvaria Large cranium Large skull Increased size of cranium Increased size of skull Large head Large head circumference Megacephaly An abnormality of the face. Abnormality of the countenance Abnormality of the physiognomy Abnormality of the visage Disorder of face SNOMEDCT_US:118930001 SNOMEDCT_US:32003007 SNOMEDCT_US:398206004 SNOMEDCT_US:398302004 UMLS:C0266617 UMLS:C1290857 UMLS:C4025871 Abnormal face Abnormality of the face Facial abnormality Disorder of the face Anomaly of face Anomaly of the face Facial anomaly Abnormality of the face An abnormality of the face. Abnormality of the countenance Abnormality of the physiognomy Abnormality of the visage Disorder of face Abnormal face Abnormality of the face Facial abnormality Disorder of the face Anomaly of face Anomaly of the face Facial anomaly A face that is short and narrow. UMLS:C1855538 Facial hypoplasia Hypoplasia of face Microface Microfacies Short and narrow face Small face Small facies This term represents a combination of two terms, short face and narrow face. Small face A face that is short and narrow. Facial hypoplasia Hypoplasia of face Microface Microfacies Short and narrow face Small face Small facies Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective). UMLS:C1836047 Elongation of face Increased height of face Increased length of face Increased vertical dimension of face Long face Long facies Vertical Facial Excess Vertical elongation of face Vertical enlargement of face Vertical excess of face Vertical hyperplasia of face Vertical overgrowth of face Objective measurement of the face height is made with sliding calipers from the nasion, just above the depth of the nasal root, to the gnathion, the inferior border of the mandible, both in the midline. Note that long face is distinct from narrow face. Long face Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective). PMID:19125436 Elongation of face Increased height of face Increased length of face Increased vertical dimension of face Long face Long facies Vertical Facial Excess Vertical elongation of face Vertical enlargement of face Vertical excess of face Vertical hyperplasia of face Vertical overgrowth of face An increased amount of subcutaneous fat tissue in the face. UMLS:C4025868 UMLS:C4280649 UMLS:C4280650 Increased amount of facial adipose tissue Increased amount of facial fat Increased volume of facial adipose tissue Facial fat hyperplasia Facial fat hypertrophy Hyperplasia of facial adipose tissue Hypertrophy of facial adipose tissue Increased facial adipose tissue An increased amount of subcutaneous fat tissue in the face. Increased amount of facial adipose tissue Increased amount of facial fat Increased volume of facial adipose tissue Facial fat hyperplasia Facial fat hypertrophy Hyperplasia of facial adipose tissue Hypertrophy of facial adipose tissue An anomaly of the forehead. UMLS:C4025867 Abnormality of the forehead Abnormality of the frontal region of the face Anomaly of the forehead Deformity of the forehead Malformation of the forehead Abnormality of the forehead An anomaly of the forehead. Abnormality of the forehead Abnormality of the frontal region of the face Anomaly of the forehead Deformity of the forehead Malformation of the forehead UMLS:C4025866 Abnormality of facial fat Deformity of facial adipose tissue Malformation of facial adipose tissue Abnormality of facial adipose tissue Abnormality of facial fat Deformity of facial adipose tissue Malformation of facial adipose tissue Loss of normal subcutaneous fat tissue in the face. UMLS:C1837767 Decreased amount of facial adipose tissue Decreased amount of facial fat Decreased volume of facial adipose tissue Loss of facial fat Loss of facial subcutaneous adipose tissue Loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue from face Loss of facial adipose tissue Loss of normal subcutaneous fat tissue in the face. Decreased amount of facial adipose tissue Decreased amount of facial fat Decreased volume of facial adipose tissue Loss of facial fat Increased prominence or roundness of soft tissues between zygomata and mandible. UMLS:C1866231 UMLS:C2748653 UMLS:C3806443 UMLS:C4280647 UMLS:C4280648 Apple cheeks Big cheeks Full cheeks Increased size of cheeks Large cheeks Chubby cheeks Hyperplasia of cheeks Hypertrophy of cheeks Puffy cheeks Full cheeks Increased prominence or roundness of soft tissues between zygomata and mandible. Apple cheeks Big cheeks Full cheeks Increased size of cheeks Large cheeks Chubby cheeks Hyperplasia of cheeks Hypertrophy of cheeks Puffy cheeks An anomaly of a muscle that is innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). UMLS:C4025865 Abnormality of facial muscles Facial muscle issue Facial muscles control facial expression and are innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Facial muscles around the eye are responsible for eye blink and eyelid closure. Abnormality of facial musculature An anomaly of a muscle that is innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). Abnormality of facial muscles Facial muscle issue An anomaly of the midface, which is a region and not an anatomical term. It extends, superiorly, from the inferior orbital margin to, inferiorly, the level of nasal base. It is formed by the maxilla (upper jaw) and zygoma and cheeks and malar region. Traditionally, the nose and premaxilla are not included in the midface. UMLS:C4021811 Abnormal morphology of the midface Abnormality of the midface Anomaly of the midface Deformity of the midface Malformation of the midface Abnormal midface morphology An anomaly of the midface, which is a region and not an anatomical term. It extends, superiorly, from the inferior orbital margin to, inferiorly, the level of nasal base. It is formed by the maxilla (upper jaw) and zygoma and cheeks and malar region. Traditionally, the nose and premaxilla are not included in the midface. PMID:19125436 Abnormality of the midface Deformity of the midface Malformation of the midface The facial appearance is more circular than usual as viewed from the front. Round, full face UMLS:C0239479 UMLS:C1856468 Circular face Round face Round facial appearance Round facial shape Round facies Round face The facial appearance is more circular than usual as viewed from the front. PMID:19125436 Circular face Round face Round facial appearance Round facial shape UMLS:C4025863 Abnormality of the eye region Abnormality of the region around the eyes Anomaly of the orbital region of the face Deformity of the orbital region of the face Malformation of the orbital region of the face Abnormality of the orbital region Abnormality of the eye region Abnormality of the region around the eyes Anomaly of the orbital region of the face Deformity of the orbital region of the face Malformation of the orbital region of the face An abnormally increased height of the forehead. UMLS:C0239676 UMLS:C2677762 High forehead Tall forehead High forehead An abnormally increased height of the forehead. High forehead Tall forehead The presence of a forehead that is abnormally small. UMLS:C1845250 UMLS:C4280633 UMLS:C4280634 Decreased size of forehead Decreased size of frontal region of face Small forehead Hypoplasia of forehead Hypotrophic forehead Small forehead The presence of a forehead that is abnormally small. Decreased size of forehead Decreased size of frontal region of face Small forehead Hypoplasia of forehead Hypotrophic forehead An abnormality of the external ear. SNOMEDCT_US:275259005 UMLS:C0266589 UMLS:C1846460 Abnormal pinnae Abnormality of the auricle Abnormality of the external ear Abnormality of the outer ear Ear anomalies External ear malformation External ear malformations Malformed pinnae Outer ear abnormality Abnormality of the outer ear An abnormality of the external ear. Abnormality of the external ear Abnormality of the outer ear Ear anomalies External ear malformations Outer ear abnormality Abnormal location of the ear. UMLS:C4021810 Abnormal location of ears External ear position defect Abnormal location of ears Abnormal location of the ear. Abnormal location of ears An abnormality of the inner ear. UMLS:C4021809 Abnormality of the inner ear Inner ear abnormality Abnormality of the inner ear An abnormality of the inner ear. Abnormality of the inner ear Inner ear abnormality An abnormality of the sensory perception of sound. UMLS:C4025860 Abnormal hearing Hearing abnormality According to the World Health Organization, deafness refers to the complete loss of hearing ability in one or two ears. Hearing impairment refers to both complete and partial loss of the ability to hear. Hearing abnormality An abnormality of the sensory perception of sound. Abnormal hearing Hearing abnormality A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound. Fyler:4868 MSH:D003638 MSH:D034381 SNOMEDCT_US:103276001 SNOMEDCT_US:15188001 SNOMEDCT_US:343087000 SNOMEDCT_US:95828007 UMLS:C0011053 UMLS:C0018772 UMLS:C0339789 UMLS:C1384666 Deafness Hearing defect Hearing impairment Hypacusis Hearing loss Hypoacusis Hearing loss can be categorized by which part of the auditory system is damaged, as conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss. Another axis of classification uses the degree of hearing impairment. The degree of hearing loss is computed by using a three frequency average taken at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz and 2,000 Hz. The average of these three frequencies is called the Pure Tone Average (PTA). 0-20 dB is considered normal, 21-40 dB mild loss, 41-60 dB moderate loss, 61-70 dB moderately severe loss,71-90 dB severe loss, and greater than 90 dB profound loss. Note that the word deafness is occasionally used to describe partial hearing loss. The World Health Organization uses the word deafness to refer to complete loss of the ability to hear, and hearing impairment to refer to any degree of reduced hearing. Hearing impairment A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound. Deafness Hearing defect Hearing impairment Hearing loss An abnormality of the nose. SNOMEDCT_US:128274005 SNOMEDCT_US:72089000 UMLS:C0240547 UMLS:C0265736 UMLS:C2235909 Abnormality of the nose Anomaly of the nose Nasal abnormality Nasal anomaly Deformity of the nose Malformation of the nose Nasal deformity Nasal malformation Abnormality of the nose An abnormality of the nose. Abnormality of the nose Anomaly of the nose Nasal abnormality Nasal anomaly Deformity of the nose Malformation of the nose Nasal deformity Nasal malformation Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. SNOMEDCT_US:95515009 UMLS:C0239234 Low set ears Low-set ears Low-set pinnae Lowset ears Melotia Low-set ears Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. PMID:19152421 Low set ears Low-set ears Lowset ears An abnormality of the middle ear. UMLS:C1861141 Middle ear abnormalities Middle ear abnormality Abnormality of the middle ear An abnormality of the middle ear. Any structural abnormality of the external acoustic tube (also known as the auditory canal). UMLS:C4021807 Abnormality of the auditory canal Auditory canal abnormality Abnormal auditory canal morphology Any structural abnormality of the external acoustic tube (also known as the auditory canal). An abnormality of the cochlea. UMLS:C4025858 Abnormality of cochlea The cochlea is an inner ear structure comprised of a snail-shell like structure divided into three fluid-filled parts. Two are canals for the transmission of pressure and in the third is the organ of Corti, which detects pressure impulses and responds with electrical impulses which travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. Abnormal cochlea morphology An abnormality of the cochlea. An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear. SNOMEDCT_US:253255002 UMLS:C0431483 UMLS:C0857379 Abnormal form of ears Abnormally shaped ears Auricular malformation Deformed auricles Deformed ears Dysplastic ears Malformation of auricle Malformed auricles Malformed ears Malformed external ears Minor malformation of the auricles Poorly defined conchae The term 'dysplastic' is no longer accepted as a descriptor for an ear with unusual morphology. Each specific anatomical component of the ear should be described when the ear is thought to be abnormal in appearance. Abnormal pinna morphology An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear. Abnormally shaped ears Auricular malformation Deformed ears Malformed ears Inflammation or infection of the middle ear. MSH:D010033 SNOMEDCT_US:65363002 UMLS:C0029882 Middle ear infection Otitis media Inflammation or infection of the middle ear. Middle ear infection Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective). SNOMEDCT_US:275480001 SNOMEDCT_US:69056000 UMLS:C0152421 UMLS:C0554972 UMLS:C1835581 UMLS:C1848570 UMLS:C1850189 UMLS:C1855062 UMLS:C1860838 Large ears Large pinnae This is acknowledged to be a bundled term but retained here because of its usefulness in practice. Ear length is determined by the maximal distance from the superior aspect to the inferior aspect of the external ear. If only length is increased the term Long ear should be used. Macrotia Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective). PMID:19152421 Large ears An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound. MSH:D006314 SNOMEDCT_US:44057004 UMLS:C0018777 Conduction deafness Conductive deafness Conductive hearing loss Hearing loss, conductive A conductive hearing impariment with greater than 90 dB loss. Conductive hearing impairment An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound. Conductive deafness Conductive hearing loss A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve. MSH:D006319 SNOMEDCT_US:60700002 UMLS:C0018784 Hearing loss, sensorineural Sensorineural deafness Sensorineural hearing loss Hearing loss caused by damage or dysfunction of the auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII, also known as the cochlear nerve). Sensorineural hearing impairment A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve. Hearing loss, sensorineural A progressive form of sensorineural hearing impairment. UMLS:C1843156 Bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss Hearing loss, progressive sensorineural Hearing loss, sensorineural, bilateral, progressive Hearing loss, sensorineural, progressive Progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss, progressive Progressive sensorineural hearing impairment A progressive form of sensorineural hearing impairment. Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose. MSH:C538354 UMLS:C0240543 UMLS:C1834118 UMLS:C1855751 Bulbous nose Bulbous nasal tip Potato nose This is a bundled term, but as it is useful in practice it is kept here. This alteration of size and shape may be limited to the tip, but may involve the lower third of the nose. If only the width of the nasal tip is increased this should be coded as Broad nasal tip. Bulbous nose Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose. PMID:19152422 Bulbous nose Potato nose Abnormality of the choanae (the posterior nasal apertures). UMLS:C4025855 Abnormality of the choanae Abnormal choanae morphology Abnormality of the choanae (the posterior nasal apertures). An abnormality of the nasal septum. SNOMEDCT_US:95433000 UMLS:C0151790 Abnormality of septum of nose Abnormality of the nasal septum Anomaly of nasal septum Anomaly of septum of nose Abnormal nasal septum morphology An abnormality of the nasal septum. Abnormality of septum of nose Abnormality of the nasal septum Anomaly of nasal septum Anomaly of septum of nose Reduced superior to inferior length of the nasal septum. UMLS:C1844857 Decreased length of nasal septum Decreased length of septum of nose Short nasal septum Short septum of nose Short nasal septum Reduced superior to inferior length of the nasal septum. Decreased length of nasal septum Decreased length of septum of nose Short nasal septum Short septum of nose An abnormality of the Ala of nose. UMLS:C2227020 UMLS:C4021804 UMLS:C4280631 UMLS:C4280632 Abnormality of the nasal ala Abnormality of the nasal alae Abnormality of the nasal alar cartilage Deformity of the nasal ala Deformity of the nasal alar cartilage Malformation of the nasal ala Malformation of the nasal alar cartilage The nasal ala is the tissue comprising the lateral boundary of the nose, inferiorly, surrounding the naris. Abnormal morphology of the nasal alae An abnormality of the Ala of nose. PMID:19152422 Abnormality of the nasal alar cartilage Deformity of the nasal ala Deformity of the nasal alar cartilage Malformation of the nasal ala Malformation of the nasal alar cartilage Thinned, deficient, or excessively arched ala nasi. UMLS:C1834055 Ala nasi, underdeveloped Alar cartilage hypoplasia Decreased size of nasal alae Hypoplastic alae nasae Hypoplastic alae nasi Hypoplastic alar cartilage Hypoplastic alar nasae Hypoplastic nares Hypoplastic nasal alae Hypoplastic nasal wings Hypoplastic nostrils Nasal cartilage hypoplasia Small nasal alae Thin hypoplastic alae nasi Underdeveloped tissue around nostril The alae nasi are the lateral portions of the nose or the wings of the nostrils, which partly encircle the nostrils (nares). They are usually about the width of the columella, but vary greatly depending on the shape of the nostril. Note that individuals may be described as having a Cleft ala nasi, but have a severely underdeveloped ala nasi. In an underdeveloped ala the continuity of the tissue encircling the nostril is undisturbed while in a cleft it is disrupted. With severe hypoplasia of the nasal alae, the nasal tip may appear depressed. Underdeveloped nasal alae Thinned, deficient, or excessively arched ala nasi. PMID:19152422 Decreased size of nasal alae Small nasal alae Underdeveloped tissue around nostril UMLS:C4025854 Abnormality of mucosa of nose Abnormality of mucous membrane of nose Abnormality of nasal mucous membrane Abnormality of the nasal mucosa Abnormal nasal mucosa morphology Abnormality of mucosa of nose Abnormality of mucous membrane of nose Abnormality of nasal mucous membrane Abnormality of the nasal mucosa An abnormality of the nasal tip. UMLS:C4025852 Abnormality of the nasal tip Abnormality of tip of nose Deformity of the nasal tip Deformity of tip of nose Malformation of the nasal tip Malformation of tip of nose The nasal tip is located at the junction of the inferior margin of the nasal ridge and the columella. Commonly, it is the part of the nose furthest from the plane of the face. In rare circumstances, such as markedly prominent and convex nasal profiles, other parts of the ridge may be further removed from the facial plane. Abnormal nasal tip morphology An abnormality of the nasal tip. PMID:19152422 Abnormality of the nasal tip Abnormality of tip of nose Deformity of the nasal tip Deformity of tip of nose Malformation of the nasal tip Malformation of tip of nose Decreased distance from the nasal tip to the nasal base. UMLS:C1859717 Caved in nasal tip Depressed nasal tip Depressed tip of nose Flat nasal tip Flat tip of nose Flattened nasal tip Nasal tip, depressed Nasal tip, recessed Nasal tip, retruded Retruded tip of nose This often accompanies a Short columella, Overhanging nasal tip, and Underdeveloped nasal tip, but these should be assessed and coded separately. Depressed nasal tip Decreased distance from the nasal tip to the nasal base. PMID:19152422 Caved in nasal tip Depressed nasal tip Depressed tip of nose Flat nasal tip Flat tip of nose Flattened nasal tip Nasal tip, depressed Retruded tip of nose A splitting of the nasal tip. Visually assessable vertical indentation, cleft, or depression of the nasal tip. SNOMEDCT_US:249326006 UMLS:C0426428 UMLS:C4020890 Bifid tip of nose Cleft nasal tip Cleft tip of nose Notched nasal tip Notched tip of nose This is a rare congenital deformity due to failure of the paired nasal processes to fuse to a single midline organ during early gestation. Bifid nasal tip A splitting of the nasal tip. Visually assessable vertical indentation, cleft, or depression of the nasal tip. PMID:19152422 Bifid tip of nose Cleft nasal tip Cleft tip of nose Notched nasal tip Notched tip of nose Lack of prominence of the nose resulting from a posteriorly-placed nasal ridge. UMLS:C1842876 Depressed dorsum of nose Depressed nasal dorsum Flat dorsum of nose Flat nasal dorsum Flat nose Recessed dorsum of nose Recessed nasal dorsum Recessed nasal ridge Retruded dorsum of nose Retruded nasal dorsum Retruded nasal ridge The adjective 'depressed' here does not indicate an active process but a status. The feature should be assessed in a profile view. This finding is typically associated with a Short columella, but this should be assessed separately. Depressed nasal ridge Lack of prominence of the nose resulting from a posteriorly-placed nasal ridge. PMID:19152422 Depressed dorsum of nose Depressed nasal dorsum Flat dorsum of nose Flat nasal dorsum Flat nose Recessed dorsum of nose Recessed nasal dorsum Recessed nasal ridge Retruded dorsum of nose Retruded nasal dorsum Retruded nasal ridge An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell. MSH:D000857 SNOMEDCT_US:44169009 UMLS:C0003126 Loss of smell Lost smell Anosmia An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell. Lost smell An abnormality of the neck. SNOMEDCT_US:298390003 SNOMEDCT_US:40052002 UMLS:C0266623 UMLS:C0575167 UMLS:C4280628 Abnormality of the neck Anomaly of the neck Deformity of the neck Malformation of the neck Abnormality of the neck An abnormality of the neck. Abnormality of the neck Anomaly of the neck Deformity of the neck Malformation of the neck An increased amount of subcutaneous fat tissue around the neck. UMLS:C4025850 Increased fat around the neck Increased adipose tissue around the neck An increased amount of subcutaneous fat tissue around the neck. Increased fat around the neck Diminished length of the neck. SNOMEDCT_US:95427009 UMLS:C0521525 Cervical shortening Decreased cervical height Decreased cervical length Decreased length of neck Short neck Short neck Diminished length of the neck. Cervical shortening Decreased cervical height Decreased cervical length Decreased length of neck Short neck Dysplasia affecting the vasculature of the gastrointestinal tract. UMLS:C0854242 GI angiodysplasia Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Dysplasia affecting the vasculature of the gastrointestinal tract. GI angiodysplasia Increased inferior-superior length of the neck. UMLS:C1839816 Cervical elongation Elongated neck Increased cervical length Increased length of neck Long neck Long neck Increased inferior-superior length of the neck. Cervical elongation Elongated neck Increased cervical length Increased length of neck Long neck Any abnormality of the eye, including location, spacing, and intraocular abnormalities. MSH:D005124 MSH:D005128 SNOMEDCT_US:19416009 SNOMEDCT_US:371405004 SNOMEDCT_US:371409005 UMLS:C0015393 UMLS:C0015397 Abnormal eye Abnormality of the eye Eye disease Abnormality of the eye Any abnormality of the eye, including location, spacing, and intraocular abnormalities. Abnormal eye Abnormality of the eye Eye disease A structural abnormality of the retina. MSH:D012164 SNOMEDCT_US:29555009 UMLS:C0035300 UMLS:C0035309 Abnormal retina Abnormality of the retina Anomaly of the retina Retina issue Retinal disease Abnormal retinal morphology A structural abnormality of the retina. Abnormal retina Retina issue A notch or cleft of the retina. UMLS:C3540764 Hole in the back of the eye Retinal coloboma A notch or cleft of the retina. Hole in the back of the eye Any abnormality of the cornea, which is the transparent tissue at the front of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. UMLS:C1855670 UMLS:C4020889 Abnormality of the cornea Corneal abnormalities Corneal abnormality Cornela disease Abnormal cornea morphology Any abnormality of the cornea, which is the transparent tissue at the front of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. A congenital abnormality of the cornea in which the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye are smaller than normal. The horizontal diameter of the cornea does not reach 10 mm even in adulthood. SNOMEDCT_US:26098002 UMLS:C0266544 UMLS:C1167713 Cornea of eye less than 10mm in diameter Decreased corneal diameter Note that the cornea's diameter is normally about 9.5-10.0 mm at birth and reaches 10.0-12-5 mm in adulthood. Microcornea A congenital abnormality of the cornea in which the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye are smaller than normal. The horizontal diameter of the cornea does not reach 10 mm even in adulthood. Cornea of eye less than 10mm in diameter An enlargement of the cornea with normal clarity and function. Megalocornea is diagnosed with a horizontal corneal diameter of 12 mm or more at birth or 13 mm or more after two years of age. MSH:C562829 SNOMEDCT_US:204118005 SNOMEDCT_US:268158009 UMLS:C0344530 UMLS:C1167712 Anterior megalophthalmos Enlarged cornea Increased corneal diameter Macrocornea Megalocornea An enlargement of the cornea with normal clarity and function. Megalocornea is diagnosed with a horizontal corneal diameter of 12 mm or more at birth or 13 mm or more after two years of age. Enlarged cornea Abnormality of eyesight (visual perception). UMLS:C4025846 Abnormality of sight Abnormality of vision Vision issue Abnormality of vision Abnormality of eyesight (visual perception). Abnormality of sight Abnormality of vision Vision issue Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery. MSH:D014786 MSH:D015354 SNOMEDCT_US:246635007 SNOMEDCT_US:397540003 SNOMEDCT_US:7973008 UMLS:C0042798 UMLS:C3665347 Impaired vision Loss of eyesight Poor vision Visual impairment Visual impairment Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery. Impaired vision Loss of eyesight Poor vision Visual impairment An inherited retinal disease subtype in which the rod photoreceptors appear to be more severely affected than the cone photoreceptors. Typical presentation is with nyctalopia (due to rod dysfunction) followed by loss of mid-peripheral field of vision, which gradually extends and leaves many patients with a small central island of vision due to the preservation of macular cones. MSH:D012174 SNOMEDCT_US:28835009 UMLS:C0035334 Retinitis pigmentosa Rod cone dystrophy Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of hereditary diseases of the eye. However, the term retinitis pigmentosa has also been used to describe the retinal findings characteristic of these diseases but also seen on other diseases such as Usher syndrome. It is preferable to describe the findings precisely if possible, but this term is kept for convenience. Rod-cone dystrophy An inherited retinal disease subtype in which the rod photoreceptors appear to be more severely affected than the cone photoreceptors. Typical presentation is with nyctalopia (due to rod dysfunction) followed by loss of mid-peripheral field of vision, which gradually extends and leaves many patients with a small central island of vision due to the preservation of macular cones. PMID:20212494 An abnormality of the lens. MSH:D007905 SNOMEDCT_US:10810001 UMLS:C0023308 UMLS:C0549651 Abnormality of the lens Lens issue Lens disease Abnormal lens morphology An abnormality of the lens. Abnormality of the lens Lens issue Lens disease A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule. Fyler:4865 MSH:D002386 SNOMEDCT_US:128306009 SNOMEDCT_US:193570009 SNOMEDCT_US:247053007 UMLS:C0086543 UMLS:C1510497 Cataracts Clouding of the lens of the eye Cloudy lens Lens opacities Lens opacity Note that some ophthalmologists call any opacity in the lens a cataract, while others restrict the term to lens opacities that impair vision. We use the term to refer to the first meaning (any lens opacity). Cataract A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule. Clouding of the lens of the eye Cloudy lens An abnormality of the iris, which is the pigmented muscular tissue between the cornea and the lens, that is perforated by an opening called the pupil. UMLS:C4025845 Abnormality of the iris Abnormality iris morphology An abnormality of the iris, which is the pigmented muscular tissue between the cornea and the lens, that is perforated by an opening called the pupil. Abnormality of the iris Abnormality of the iris characterized by, typically bilateral, complete or partial iris hypoplasia. The phenotype ranges from mild defects of anterior iris stroma only to almost complete absence of the iris. MSH:D015783 SNOMEDCT_US:69278003 UMLS:C0003076 Absent iris Aniridia Abnormality of the iris characterized by, typically bilateral, complete or partial iris hypoplasia. The phenotype ranges from mild defects of anterior iris stroma only to almost complete absence of the iris. PMID:24138039 PMID:25313118 PMID:29850208 Absent iris Absence of the globe or eyeball. Fyler:4864 MSH:D000853 SNOMEDCT_US:204099004 SNOMEDCT_US:7183006 UMLS:C0003119 Absence of eyeballs Absence of globes of eyes Anophthalmia, clinical Clinical anophthalmia, unilateral/bilateral Failure of development of eyeball Missing eyeball Missing globe of eye No eyeball No globe of eye Ocular absence Anophthalmia Absence of the globe or eyeball. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_ncarter Absence of eyeballs Absence of globes of eyes Failure of development of eyeball Missing eyeball Missing globe of eye No eyeball No globe of eye Ocular absence An abnormality of the choroid and retina. UMLS:C4025844 Chorioretinal abnormality The choroid is the vascular layer of the eye, located between the retina and the sclera. Abnormal chorioretinal morphology An abnormality of the choroid and retina. Atrophy of the choroid and retinal layers of the fundus. SNOMEDCT_US:95686007 UMLS:C4048273 Chorioretinal thinning Choroidal sclerosis is a descriptive term applied to the ophthalmoscopic appearance of prominent white choroidal vessels in which the blood columns are not seen or are sheathed by white lines. Choroidal sclerosis is a term used to describe a group of genetically heterogeneous retinal dystrophies that share a common funduscopic phenotype of scalloped, well-circumscribed, and confluent chorioretinal atrophic lesions that extend beyond the macula. The term choroidal sclerosis was initially coined because of the sclerotic appearance of choroidal vessels which frequently appear white or light-yellow. However, histologic studies have demonstrated the term to be a misnomer as the principle abnormality is the loss of choriocapillaris, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the outer retina in the absence of abnormal sclerotic changes in the choroidal vasculature. Therefore, we are making choroidal sclerosis a synonym of chorioretinal atrophy. Chorioretinal atrophy Atrophy of the choroid and retinal layers of the fundus. PMID:20224472 A nonspecific term denoting degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and/or retinal photoreceptor cells. MSH:D012162 SNOMEDCT_US:95695004 UMLS:C0035304 Retina degeneration Retinal degeneration A nonspecific term denoting degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and/or retinal photoreceptor cells. Retina degeneration An abnormality of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eyeball. UMLS:C4025842 Abnormality of the uvea Abnormal uvea morphology An abnormality of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eyeball. Inflammation of one or all portions of the uveal tract. MSH:D014605 SNOMEDCT_US:128473001 UMLS:C0042164 The uvea is the pigmented middle layer of the eye consisting of the iris and ciliary body together with the choroid. Uveitis Inflammation of one or all portions of the uveal tract. Retinal dystrophy is an abnormality of the retina associated with a hereditary process. Retinal dystrophies are defined by their predominantly monogenic inheritance and they are frequently associated with loss or dysfunction of photoreceptor cells as a primary or secondary event. MSH:D058499 SNOMEDCT_US:314407005 UMLS:C0854723 Breakdown of light-sensitive cells in back of eye Retinal dystrophy Retinal dystrophy is an abnormality of the retina associated with a hereditary process. Retinal dystrophies are defined by their predominantly monogenic inheritance and they are frequently associated with loss or dysfunction of photoreceptor cells as a primary or secondary event. Breakdown of light-sensitive cells in back of eye A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes. Decreased size of eyeball Decreased size of globe of eye Fyler:4877 MSH:D008850 SNOMEDCT_US:204108000 SNOMEDCT_US:61142002 UMLS:C0026010 UMLS:C4280625 UMLS:C4280808 Abnormally small eyeball Abnormally small globe of eye Microphthalmos Nanophthalmos Microphthalmia A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes. Decreased size of eyeball Decreased size of globe of eye Abnormally small eyeball Abnormally small globe of eye A developmental defect characterized by a cleft of some portion of the eye or ocular adnexa. Fyler:4311 MSH:D003103 SNOMEDCT_US:92828000 SNOMEDCT_US:93390002 UMLS:C0009363 Notched pupil Ocular coloboma Ocular colobomas Coloboma A developmental defect characterized by a cleft of some portion of the eye or ocular adnexa. Notched pupil An abnormality of the sclera. Abnormality of the outer white part of eyeball UMLS:C4025840 Abnormality of the sclera Abnormal sclera morphology An abnormality of the sclera. Abnormality of the outer white part of eyeball Abnormality of the anterior chamber, which is the space in the eye that is behind the cornea and in front of the iris. SNOMEDCT_US:204142009 UMLS:C3152182 Abnormality of the anterior chamber Anterior chamber anomalies Ocular anterior chamber abnormality Abnormal anterior chamber morphology Abnormality of the anterior chamber, which is the space in the eye that is behind the cornea and in front of the iris. An abnormality of the ear. SNOMEDCT_US:275259005 UMLS:C0266589 Abnormality of the ear Ear anomaly Either a morphological abnormality or hearing deficit. This should be split more cleanly in the future. Abnormality of the ear An abnormality of the ear. Abnormality of the ear An anomaly of the pharynx, i.e., of the tubular structure extending from the base of the skull superiorly to the esophageal inlet inferiorly. UMLS:C4025838 The pharynx is tubular structure extending from base of skull superiorly to esophageal inlet inferiorly, and is composed of three distinct areas: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the hypopharynx, with the pharyngeal walls being composed of the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. It is part of the digestive system and of the conducting zone of the respiratory system. Abnormality of the pharynx An anomaly of the pharynx, i.e., of the tubular structure extending from the base of the skull superiorly to the esophageal inlet inferiorly. Any structural abnormality of the choroid. MSH:D015862 UMLS:C0008521 UMLS:C4025836 Abnormality of the choroid Choroid disease Abnormal choroid morphology Any structural abnormality of the choroid. A coloboma of the iris. UMLS:C0240063 Cat eye Coloboma of iris Coloboma of the iris Keyhole iris Iris coloboma A coloboma of the iris. PMID:19369671 Cat eye An abnormality of the nasolacrimal drainage system, which serves as a conduit for tear flow from the external eye to the nasal cavity. UMLS:C4025835 Abnormality of the nasolacrimal system The nasolacrimal system consists of the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. Abnormal nasolacrimal system morphology An abnormality of the nasolacrimal drainage system, which serves as a conduit for tear flow from the external eye to the nasal cavity. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_ncarter Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception defined as a profound reduction in visual perception. On the 6m visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 3/60. On the 20ft visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 20/400. On the decimal visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 0.05. Blindness is typically characterized by a visual field of no greater than 10 degrees in radius around central fixation. Fyler:4866 MSH:D001766 SNOMEDCT_US:65956007 UMLS:C0271215 UMLS:C0456909 Blindness Total vision loss Legal blindness Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision loss and define blindness. Total blindness is the complete lack of form and visual light perception and is clinically recorded as NLP (no light perception). Blindness is frequently used to describe severe visual impairment with residual vision. Those described as having only light perception have no more sight than the ability to tell light from dark and the general direction of a light source. Blindness Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception defined as a profound reduction in visual perception. On the 6m visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 3/60. On the 20ft visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 20/400. On the decimal visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 0.05. Blindness is typically characterized by a visual field of no greater than 10 degrees in radius around central fixation. PMID:28779882 Blindness Legal blindness UMLS:C4021802 Abnormality of retinal arteries Retinal arterial abnormality Abnormal retinal artery morphology Abnormality of retinal arteries Retinal arterial abnormality Atrophy of the eyeball with blindness and decreased intraocular pressure due to end-stage intraocular disease. SNOMEDCT_US:4229009 UMLS:C0271007 Phthisis bulbi refers to atrophy and degeneration of a blind eye. Phthisis bulbi Atrophy of the eyeball with blindness and decreased intraocular pressure due to end-stage intraocular disease. The absence of all teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop. MSH:D000848 SNOMEDCT_US:16958000 SNOMEDCT_US:26624006 UMLS:C0399352 UMLS:C4280622 Anodontia vera Complete agenesis of all teeth Complete dental agenesis Failure of development of all teeth Complete anodontia Total anodontia Missing all teeth Total absence of all teeth Anodontia can affect both primary and permanent teeth. Alternatively, there can be anodontia of just the permanent teeth. Anodontia must be distinguished from non-erupted teeth. Anodontia The absence of all teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop. PMID:31468724 Anodontia vera Complete agenesis of all teeth Failure of development of all teeth Complete anodontia Total anodontia Missing all teeth Total absence of all teeth An abnormality of the dental enamel. UMLS:C4021800 UMLS:C4280262 UMLS:C4280615 Abnormal tooth enamel Abnormality of dental enamel Enamel abnormalities Enamel abnormality Defective tooth enamel Dystrophic tooth enamel Malformation of dental enamel Malformation of tooth enamel The dental enamel is the external layer of the teeth, being a highly mineralized substance consisting primarily of hydroxylapatite. Abnormal dental enamel morphology An abnormality of the dental enamel. Abnormal tooth enamel Enamel abnormalities Enamel abnormality Defective tooth enamel Dystrophic tooth enamel Malformation of dental enamel Malformation of tooth enamel Developmental hypoplasia of teeth. Decreased size of teeth Underdevelopment of teeth UMLS:C0235357 UMLS:C4280611 Hypoplastic teeth Hypoplasia of teeth Developmental hypoplasia of teeth. Decreased size of teeth Underdevelopment of teeth Decreased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD below mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased maximum width of tooth. Hypotrophic tooth SNOMEDCT_US:32337007 UMLS:C0240340 UMLS:C4280611 UMLS:C4280612 Decreased size of tooth Decreased width of tooth Small teeth Small tooth Tooth hypoplasia Tooth hypotrophy Underdeveloped tooth Standard reference has means and standard deviations by gender [Moyers et al, 1976]. It is easy to measure the width of teeth, for which reason the definition of microdontia can be made with reference to the width of the tooth. However, microdontia means that the overall size of the tooth is decreased. In microdontia, the gaps between the teeth, particularly the anterior upper and lower teeth, are increased, creating diastemata. This should be assessed and coded separately. Microdontia Decreased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD below mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased maximum width of tooth. PMID:19125428 Hypotrophic tooth Decreased size of tooth Decreased width of tooth Small tooth Developmental dysplasia of dentin. MSH:D003811 SNOMEDCT_US:196286005 UMLS:C0011436 This term is kept for convenience since it is often used to refer to the phenotype of discolored, fragile teeth in the medical literature. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a disorder of tooth development. This condition causes the teeth to be discolored (most often a blue-gray or yellow-brown color) and translucent. Teeth are also weaker than normal, making them prone to rapid wear, breakage, and loss. Dentinogenesis imperfecta Developmental dysplasia of dentin. Inflammation of the periodontium. Gum disease Periodontal disease MSH:D005882 MSH:D010510 MSH:D010518 SNOMEDCT_US:18718003 SNOMEDCT_US:2556008 SNOMEDCT_US:41565005 UMLS:C0017563 UMLS:C0031090 UMLS:C0031099 Pyorrhea Periodontitis Inflammation of the periodontium. Gum disease Pyorrhea A developmental dysplasia of the dental enamel. MSH:D000567 SNOMEDCT_US:78494001 UMLS:C0002452 Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a term for a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that affect the dental enamel, occasionally in conjunction with other dental, oral and extraoral tissues. This term has often been used to describe the phenotype associated with AI, but for new annotations it is recommended to describe the individual manifestations. Amelogenesis imperfecta A developmental dysplasia of the dental enamel. PMID:18499550 An abnormality of the nervous system. Brain and/or spinal cord issue MSH:D009421 SNOMEDCT_US:88425004 UMLS:C0497552 Abnormality of the nervous system Neurologic abnormalities Neurological abnormality The nervous system comprises the neuraxis (brain, spinal cord, and ventricles), the autonomic nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system. Abnormality of the nervous system An abnormality of the nervous system. Brain and/or spinal cord issue Abnormality of the nervous system Neurologic abnormalities Neurological abnormality Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions, which can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will. MSH:D000066553 MSH:D001526 SNOMEDCT_US:25786006 SNOMEDCT_US:277843001 UMLS:C0004941 UMLS:C0233514 Behavioral abnormality Behavioral changes Behavioral disorders Behavioral disturbances Behavioral problems Behavioral symptoms Behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities Behavioural abnormality Behavioural changes Behavioural disorders Behavioural disturbances Behavioural problems Behavioural symptoms Behavioural/Psychiatric abnormality Behavioural/psychiatric abnormality Psychiatric disorders Psychiatric disturbances Atypical behaviors should include or directly affect observable actions. While behavioral disorders often encompass abnormal thoughts, feelings, perceptions, or other cognitions, these alone would not be considered atypical behavioral features. Atypical behavior Behavioral abnormality Behavioral changes Behavioral disorders Behavioral disturbances Behavioral problems Behavioral symptoms Behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities Behavioural abnormality Behavioural changes Behavioural disorders Behavioural disturbances Behavioural problems Behavioural symptoms Behavioural/Psychiatric abnormality Psychiatric disorders Psychiatric disturbances A state of unease is characterized by diffuse motor activity or motion, which is subject to limited control, nonproductive, or disorganized behavior. SNOMEDCT_US:162221009 UMLS:C3887611 Fidgetiness Restiveness Restlessness Fidgetiness Restiveness A state of extreme restlessness and excessive motor activity is associated with mental distress or a feeling of inner tension. SNOMEDCT_US:24199005 UMLS:C0085631 Psychomotor agitation Agitation An explicit or perceived action, demonstration, conduct, or language (verbal and written) that is contrary to generally accepted norms, rules, procedures, or unacceptable within the context in which it is carried out. Inappropriate behaviors could take place in a sexual or social context and could be aggressive, violent, impulsive, intimidating, or threatening in nature. SNOMEDCT_US:112082005 UMLS:C0233522 Inappropriate behavior Inappropriate behaviour Inappropriate behavior Inappropriate behavior Inappropriate behaviour Reduced ability to control, or a failure to resist a temptation, urge, or impulse. Examples include disregard for social conventions, general impulsivity, and poor risk assessment. SNOMEDCT_US:247977003 UMLS:C0424296 Impulse control disorders Self-control Disinhibition affects motor, instinctual, emotional, cognitive, and perceptual aspects, exhibiting signs and symptoms similar to the diagnostic criteria for mania. Hypersexuality, hyperphagia, and aggressive outbursts are indicative of disinhibited instinctual drives. Disinhibition A structural abnormality of the peripheral nervous system, which is composed of the nerves that lead to or branch off from the central nervous system. This includes the cranial nerves (olfactory and optic nerves are technically part of the central nervous system). MSH:D010523 SNOMEDCT_US:302226006 SNOMEDCT_US:42658009 UMLS:C0031117 UMLS:C4025831 Abnormal peripheral nervous system structure Peripheral nervous system disease The peripheral nervous system is divided into autonomic and somatic components, which both include afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerves. Abnormal peripheral nervous system morphology A structural abnormality of the peripheral nervous system, which is composed of the nerves that lead to or branch off from the central nervous system. This includes the cranial nerves (olfactory and optic nerves are technically part of the central nervous system). Abnormal peripheral nervous system structure Any abnormality of the thorax (the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs). UMLS:C4021797 Abnormality of the chest Abnormality of the thorax Structural abnormality of the chest wall Abnormal thorax morphology Any abnormality of the thorax (the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs). Abnormality of the chest An anomaly of the sternum, also known as the breastbone. UMLS:C1860493 Abnormality of the sternum Pectus carinatum or pectus excavatum Pectus deformities Pectus deformity Pectus excavatum or carinatum Pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum Pectus excavatum/carinatum Sternal anomalies Abnormal sternum morphology An anomaly of the sternum, also known as the breastbone. Abnormality of the sternum Sternal anomalies A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance. SNOMEDCT_US:391987005 UMLS:C2051831 Funnel chest Pectus excavatum A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance. Funnel chest An abnormality of the breast. UMLS:C4025829 Abnormality of the breast Abnormality of the breast An abnormality of the breast. Abnormality of the breast Abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement. MSH:D006177 SNOMEDCT_US:4754008 UMLS:C0018418 Enlarged male breast Gynaecomastia Gynecomastia Abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement. Enlarged male breast An anomaly of the rib. UMLS:C1842083 Abnormality of the ribs Rib abnormalities Rib anomalies Abnormal rib morphology An anomaly of the rib. Abnormality of the ribs Rib abnormalities Reduced rib length. SNOMEDCT_US:249696007 UMLS:C0426817 Hypoplastic ribs Rib hypoplasia Short ribs Short ribs Reduced rib length. Short ribs Any abnormality of the diaphragm, the sheet of skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. UMLS:C1848873 Abnormality of the diaphragm Diaphragm issues Diaphragmatic defect Abnormality of the diaphragm Any abnormality of the diaphragm, the sheet of skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Abnormality of the diaphragm Diaphragm issues Diaphragmatic defect Abnormality of the thymus, an organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity just behind the sternum and whose main function is to provide an environment for T lymphocyte maturation. SNOMEDCT_US:93297002 UMLS:C0262650 UMLS:C0685891 Abnormality of the thymus Abnormal thymus morphology Abnormality of the thymus, an organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity just behind the sternum and whose main function is to provide an environment for T lymphocyte maturation. Abnormality of the thymus Underdevelopment of the thymus. SNOMEDCT_US:93297002 UMLS:C0685891 UMLS:C4228227 Small thymus Thymic hypoplasia Thymus hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the thymus Underdevelopment of the thymus. Small thymus Any abnormality of the scapula, also known as the shoulder blade. UMLS:C4025828 Abnormality of the shoulder blade Abnormal scapula morphology Any abnormality of the scapula, also known as the shoulder blade. Abnormality of the shoulder blade The presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria may be gross hematuria (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic hematuria (detected by dipstick or microscopic examination of the urine). High urine occult blood MSH:D006417 SNOMEDCT_US:34436003 SNOMEDCT_US:53298000 UMLS:C0018965 Blood in urine Hematuria The presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria may be gross hematuria (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic hematuria (detected by dipstick or microscopic examination of the urine). High urine occult blood Blood in urine An abnormality of the urethra, i.e., of the tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. UMLS:C4025826 Urethra issue Abnormality of the urethra An abnormality of the urethra, i.e., of the tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Urethra issue UMLS:C4025825 Abnormal external genitalia Abnormal external genitalia Abnormal external genitalia An anomaly of the adnexa, uterus, and vagina (in female) or seminal tract and prostate (in male). UMLS:C4025824 Abnormal internal genitalia Abnormal internal genitalia An anomaly of the adnexa, uterus, and vagina (in female) or seminal tract and prostate (in male). Abnormal internal genitalia An abnormality of the endocrine system. MSH:D004700 SNOMEDCT_US:362969004 UMLS:C0014130 UMLS:C4025823 Endocrine system disease The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream and includes the following glands: thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, gonads (testicles and ovaries), and pituitary. Many other organs, such as the kidney, liver, and heart, have secondary endocrine functions. Abnormality of the endocrine system An abnormality of the endocrine system. A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. MSH:D003920 SNOMEDCT_US:73211009 UMLS:C0011849 Diabetes mellitus A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. An abnormality of the thyroid gland. MSH:D013959 SNOMEDCT_US:14304000 UMLS:C0040128 Abnormality of the thyroid gland Thyroid abnormality Thyroid disease Abnormality of the thyroid gland An abnormality of the thyroid gland. Abnormality of the thyroid gland Thyroid abnormality Thyroid disease Deficiency of thyroid hormone. MSH:D007037 SNOMEDCT_US:40930008 UMLS:C0020676 Low T4 Underactive thyroid Hypothyroidism Deficiency of thyroid hormone. Underactive thyroid The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system. MSH:D006973 SNOMEDCT_US:24184005 SNOMEDCT_US:38341003 UMLS:C0020538 UMLS:C0497247 Arterial hypertension Systemic hypertension High blood pressure Hypertension is sustained elevation of resting systolic BP (140 mm Hg or higher), diastolic BP (90 mm Hg or higher), or both. Hypertension The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system. High blood pressure Insufficient responses to growth hormone (GH) provocation tests. GH deficiency is defined as a serum peak GH concentration less than 10 ng/mL on provocation with a combination of at least two separate stimulation tests. SNOMEDCT_US:2109003 UMLS:C3714796 GH stimulation tests are performed with various stimuli, such as insulin, L-dopa, arginine, and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). The test using insulin as a stimulus is classically recommended, but this test has potential risks such as hypoglycemia. The effects of growth hormone are mediated almost exclusively by insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), which is produced primarily in the liver. Growth hormone deficiency refers to inadequate levels of GH (and therefore IGF-1), resulting in growth retardation in children and metabolic disturbances in adults. Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test Insufficient responses to growth hormone (GH) provocation tests. GH deficiency is defined as a serum peak GH concentration less than 10 ng/mL on provocation with a combination of at least two separate stimulation tests. PMID:25914878 An increased concentration of insulin combined with a decreased concentration of glucose in the blood. UMLS:C1864903 Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia Hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemia Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia describes a situation in which the level of insulin is inappropriate for the low level of blood sugar. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia An increased concentration of insulin combined with a decreased concentration of glucose in the blood. An abnormality of the parathyroid gland. MSH:D010279 SNOMEDCT_US:73132005 UMLS:C0030517 UMLS:C4025822 Parathyroid disease There are four parathyroid glands, which are small endocrine glands located in the neck behind the thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone. Abnormality of the parathyroid gland An abnormality of the parathyroid gland. A condition caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. MSH:D007011 SNOMEDCT_US:36976004 UMLS:C0020626 Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion Low parathyroid hormone Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion A condition of reduced function of the anterior pituitary gland characterized by decreased secretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. UMLS:C4025821 Anterior hypopituitarism A condition of reduced function of the anterior pituitary gland characterized by decreased secretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. A type of hypothyroidism that results from a defect in the thyroid gland. SNOMEDCT_US:111566002 UMLS:C0700502 Primary hypothyroidism A type of hypothyroidism that results from a defect in the thyroid gland. Abnormality of the adrenal glands, i.e., of the endocrine glands located at the top of the kindneys. MSH:D000307 SNOMEDCT_US:30171000 UMLS:C0001621 UMLS:C4021794 Adrenal abnormalities Adrenal gland disease Abnormality of the adrenal glands Abnormality of the adrenal glands, i.e., of the endocrine glands located at the top of the kindneys. Adrenal abnormalities Adrenal gland disease Developmental hypoplasia of the adrenal glands. MSH:C538429 SNOMEDCT_US:237774001 UMLS:C0342491 UMLS:C1846223 Adrenal gland hypoplasia Hypoplastic adrenal glands Small adrenal glands Underdeveloped adrenal glands Adrenal hypoplasia Developmental hypoplasia of the adrenal glands. Small adrenal glands An abnormality of thyroid physiology characterized by excessive secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (i.e., T4) and/or 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion (i.e., triiodothyronine or T3). MSH:D006980 SNOMEDCT_US:34486009 UMLS:C0020550 Overactive thyroid Hyperthyroidism An abnormality of thyroid physiology characterized by excessive secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (i.e., T4) and/or 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion (i.e., triiodothyronine or T3). Overactive thyroid http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/basics/definition/con-20020986 An increased concentration of insulin in the blood. MSH:D006946 SNOMEDCT_US:83469008 UMLS:C0020459 Elevated insulin level Hyperinsulinemia An increased concentration of insulin in the blood. Excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. MSH:D006961 SNOMEDCT_US:66999008 UMLS:C0020502 Elevated blood parathyroid hormone level Hyperparathyroidism Excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. Elevated blood parathyroid hormone level Acromegaly is a condition resulting from overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in persons with closed epiphyses, and consists chiefly in the enlargement of the distal parts of the body. The circumference of the skull increases, the nose becomes broad, the tongue becomes enlarged, the facial features become coarsened, the mandible grows excessively, and the teeth become separated. The fingers and toes grow chiefly in thickness. MSH:C531600 MSH:D000172 SNOMEDCT_US:74107003 UMLS:C0001206 UMLS:C0235986 Elevated circulating somatotropin concentration Growth hormone excess Somatotropin excess Disorder resulting from excess pituitary gland production of growth hormone (hGH). Elevated circulating growth hormone concentration Acromegaly is a condition resulting from overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in persons with closed epiphyses, and consists chiefly in the enlargement of the distal parts of the body. The circumference of the skull increases, the nose becomes broad, the tongue becomes enlarged, the facial features become coarsened, the mandible grows excessively, and the teeth become separated. The fingers and toes grow chiefly in thickness. Growth hormone excess Insufficient production of steroid hormones (primarily cortisol) by the adrenal glands. MSH:D000309 SNOMEDCT_US:111563005 SNOMEDCT_US:237785004 SNOMEDCT_US:386584007 UMLS:C0001623 Hypoadrenalism Adrenal insufficiency may cause persistent vomiting, anorexia, hypoglycemia, poor weight gain in a child, or unexplained weight loss in an adult, malaise, fatigue, muscular weakness, unexplained isotonic or hyponatremic dehydration, hyperkalemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia and especially generalized hyperpigmentation. Adrenal insufficiency Insufficient production of steroid hormones (primarily cortisol) by the adrenal glands. PMID:11443143 UMLS:C4025820 Adrenocortical abnormality An enlargement of the thyroid gland. MSH:D006042 SNOMEDCT_US:3716002 UMLS:C0018021 Enlarged thyroid gland in neck Goitre Thyroid goiter Thyroid goitre Goiter An enlargement of the thyroid gland. Enlarged thyroid gland in neck Goitre Thyroid goitre Developmental hypoplasia of the parathyroid gland. UMLS:C1389851 Small parathyroid glands Underdeveloped parathyroid glands Parathyroid hypoplasia Developmental hypoplasia of the parathyroid gland. Small parathyroid glands Underdeveloped parathyroid glands Abnormality of the pituitary gland (also known as hypophysis), which is an endocrine gland that protrudes from the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland secretes the hormones ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH, endorphins, FSH, LH, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone. The secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is under the strict control of hypothalamic hormones, and the posterior pituitary is essentially an extension of the hypothalamus, so that hypothalamus and pituitary gland may be regarded as a functional unit. UMLS:C4025819 Abnormality of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis Abnormality of the pituitary gland (also known as hypophysis), which is an endocrine gland that protrudes from the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland secretes the hormones ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH, endorphins, FSH, LH, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone. The secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is under the strict control of hypothalamic hormones, and the posterior pituitary is essentially an extension of the hypothalamus, so that hypothalamus and pituitary gland may be regarded as a functional unit. A pituitary functional deficit affecting all the anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and prolactin). MSH:C580003 SNOMEDCT_US:32390006 UMLS:C0242343 Panhypopituitarism A pituitary functional deficit affecting all the anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and prolactin). PMID:12466332 Decreased inferosuperior length of the sternum. SNOMEDCT_US:298724002 UMLS:C0575497 UMLS:C4020883 Short sternum Hypoplastic sternum Short sternum Decreased inferosuperior length of the sternum. Short sternum Underdeveloped scapula. UMLS:C1846434 Hypoplastic scapula Scapular hypoplasia Short scapulae Small scapula Small scapulae Small shoulder blade Hypoplastic scapulae Underdeveloped scapula. Small shoulder blade Malformation of the rib cage. UMLS:C1838659 Deformed rib cage Deformed rib cage Malformation of the rib cage. Deformed rib cage Any abnormality of the clavicles (collar bones). UMLS:C4021792 Abnormal clavicles Abnormal collarbone Abnormality of the clavicle Abnormal clavicle morphology Any abnormality of the clavicles (collar bones). Abnormal collarbone Increased length of the clavicles. SNOMEDCT_US:249687007 UMLS:C0426808 Elongated clavicles Long collarbone Long clavicles Increased length of the clavicles. Long collarbone A bifid rib refers to cleavage of the sternal end of a rib, usually unilateral. Bifid ribs are usually asymptomatic, and are often discovered incidentally by chest x-ray. UMLS:C4721788 Cleft ribs Split ribs Bifid ribs A bifid rib refers to cleavage of the sternal end of a rib, usually unilateral. Bifid ribs are usually asymptomatic, and are often discovered incidentally by chest x-ray. Cleft ribs Split ribs Reduced length of the clavicles. SNOMEDCT_US:93250003 UMLS:C0426799 Clavicular hypoplasia Hypoplastic clavicles Short collarbone Underdeveloped clavicles Short clavicles Reduced length of the clavicles. Short collarbone Abnormally flat configuration of the glenoid fossa, also known as the glenoid cavity, which is the articular surface of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus. UMLS:C1855177 See PMID:15163819, figure 2, for the arthrographic appearance of a flat glenoid fossa. Flat glenoid fossa Abnormally flat configuration of the glenoid fossa, also known as the glenoid cavity, which is the articular surface of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus. PMID:15163819 A developmental anomaly with absence of one or more ribs. SNOMEDCT_US:249695006 UMLS:C0426816 Absent ribs Decreased rib number Missing ribs Missing ribs A developmental anomaly with absence of one or more ribs. Absent ribs Decreased rib number Missing ribs An abnormality of the skeletal system. UMLS:C4021790 Abnormality of the skeletal system Skeletal abnormalities Skeletal anomalies Abnormality of the skeletal system An abnormality of the skeletal system. Abnormality of the skeletal system Skeletal abnormalities Skeletal anomalies Any abnormality of the vertebral column. UMLS:C4020882 UMLS:C4021789 Abnormal spine Abnormal vertebral column Abnormality of the spine Abnormality of the vertebral column Abnormality of the backbone Abnormality of the vertebral column Any abnormality of the vertebral column. Abnormal spine Abnormal vertebral column Abnormality of the spine Abnormality of the vertebral column Abnormality of the backbone A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates. UMLS:C1844704 Flat vertebral bodies Flattened vertebrae Flattened vertebral bodies Platyspondyly A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates. Flattened vertebrae An abnormality of the skull, the bony framework of the head which is comprised of the neurocranium (with eight cranial bones) and the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) that comprises fourteen facial bones with the mandible as its largest bone. UMLS:C0235942 Abnormality of the skull Abnormality of the skull bones Abnormal skull morphology An abnormality of the skull, the bony framework of the head which is comprised of the neurocranium (with eight cranial bones) and the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) that comprises fourteen facial bones with the mandible as its largest bone. Abnormality of the skull Abnormality of the skull bones Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5. MSH:D001851 SNOMEDCT_US:312894000 SNOMEDCT_US:78441005 UMLS:C0029453 UMLS:C0747078 Generalised osteopenia Generalized osteopenia Osteopaenia Osteopenia Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5. PMID:21234807 Generalised osteopenia Osteopaenia Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD). MSH:D010024 SNOMEDCT_US:64859006 UMLS:C0029456 Osteoporosis is a disease that is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture: it can lead to compromised bone strength and an increase in the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD). PMID:28293453 An abnormality of the structure or form of the diaphysis, i.e., of the main or mid-section (shaft) of a long bone. UMLS:C4021787 Abnormal shape of shaft of long bone Abnormality involving the diaphyses of the limbs Abnormality of shaft of long bone of the limbs Abnormality of the diaphyses Anomaly of the limb diaphyses Anomaly of the limb diaphyses morphology Abnormal diaphysis morphology An abnormality of the structure or form of the diaphysis, i.e., of the main or mid-section (shaft) of a long bone. Abnormal shape of shaft of long bone Abnormality of shaft of long bone of the limbs UMLS:C4025815 Short shaft of long bone Short diaphyses Short shaft of long bone An abnormality of one or more metaphysis, i.e., of the somewhat wider portion of a long bone that is adjacent to the epiphyseal growth plate and grows during childhood. UMLS:C4025814 Abnormality of the wide portion of a long bone Abnormal metaphysis morphology An abnormality of one or more metaphysis, i.e., of the somewhat wider portion of a long bone that is adjacent to the epiphyseal growth plate and grows during childhood. Abnormality of the wide portion of a long bone Underdevelopment of the ilium. Small wings of the pelvic girdle UMLS:C1861218 UMLS:C4280607 Short and small iliac bones Small iliac bones Hypoplastic ilia Underdevelopment of the ilium. Small wings of the pelvic girdle An abnormality of the skin. MSH:D012868 MSH:D012871 SNOMEDCT_US:199879009 SNOMEDCT_US:95320005 UMLS:C0037268 UMLS:C0037274 Abnormality of the skin Dermatopathy Dermopathy Skin abnormality Abnormality of the skin An abnormality of the skin. Abnormality of the skin Dermatopathy Dermopathy Eczema is a form of dermatitis that is characterized by scaly, pruritic, erythematous lesions located on flexural surfaces. MSH:D004485 SNOMEDCT_US:281104002 SNOMEDCT_US:43116000 UMLS:C0013595 Eczema The term eczema is broadly applied to a range of persistent skin conditions and can be related to a number of underlying conditions. Manifestations of eczema can include dryness and recurring skin rashes with redness, skin edema, itching and dryness, crusting, flaking, blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding. Eczema has several forms including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema, nummular eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, and stasis dermatitis. Eczematoid dermatitis Eczema is a form of dermatitis that is characterized by scaly, pruritic, erythematous lesions located on flexural surfaces. PMID:32412211 Eczema Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of conditions in which there is abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands. MSH:D004476 SNOMEDCT_US:254154003 SNOMEDCT_US:8654005 UMLS:C0013575 This term is kept in the HPO for now as 'ectodermal dysplasia' has been recorded as a phenotypic of other disorders such as DEAFNESS WITH ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA (MIM125050). Nevertheless it is preferable to use precise descriptions of the phenotypic abnormalities and this term should not be used for new annotations. It will be made obsolete in the future. Ectodermal dysplasia Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of conditions in which there is abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands. Any structural abnormality of the sweat gland. MSH:D013543 SNOMEDCT_US:88232005 UMLS:C0038986 UMLS:C0262643 UMLS:C4020881 Abnormality of the sweat gland Abnormalities of sweating Sweat gland disease Abnormal sweat gland morphology Any structural abnormality of the sweat gland. Abnormality of the sweat gland Abnormalities of sweating Sweat gland disease A condition in which the skin can be stretched beyond normal, and then returns to its initial position. UMLS:C0241074 Hyperelastic skin Skin hyperelasticity Skin hyperextensibility Stretchable skin Skin hyperelasticity is to be distinguished from cutis laxa, which refers to extra, redundant skin which tends to hang in folds. Hyperextensible skin A condition in which the skin can be stretched beyond normal, and then returns to its initial position. Hyperelastic skin Skin hyperelasticity Stretchable skin Hypertrichosis is increased hair growth that is abnormal in quantity or location. Excessive hair growth Increased hair growth on body MSH:D006983 SNOMEDCT_US:271607001 SNOMEDCT_US:29966009 UMLS:C0020555 Hypertrichosis Hypertrichosis is increased hair growth that is abnormal in quantity or location. Excessive hair growth Increased hair growth on body UMLS:C4025813 Abnormality of fatty tissue below the skin Abnormality of subcutaneous fat tissue Abnormality of fatty tissue below the skin Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair). MSH:D006628 SNOMEDCT_US:399939002 UMLS:C0019572 Excessive hairiness Hirsutism Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair). Excessive hairiness An abnormality of the biliary tree. MSH:D001660 SNOMEDCT_US:105997008 UMLS:C0005424 UMLS:C0549613 Biliary tract disease Biliary tract abnormality An abnormality of the biliary tree. Loss of iris tissue (atrophy) SNOMEDCT_US:95709007 UMLS:C0423319 Iris degeneration Iris atrophy Loss of iris tissue (atrophy) Iris degeneration Diffusely large eye (with megalocornea) without glaucoma. SNOMEDCT_US:246920008 UMLS:C0423221 UMLS:C1855852 UMLS:C4280603 Increased size of eyes Large eyes Megalophthalmos Increased size of palpebral fissures Large eyeballs Large of palpebral fissures Note that Increased size of palpebral fissues is not a synonym of this term. Abnormally large globe Diffusely large eye (with megalocornea) without glaucoma. Increased size of eyes Large eyes Increased size of palpebral fissures Large eyeballs Large of palpebral fissures Any structural abnormality of the fundus of the eye. UMLS:C4025804 Abnormality of the fundus Abnormal fundus morphology UMLS:C2673929 Fundus atrophy Inflammation of the iris. MSH:D007500 SNOMEDCT_US:65074000 UMLS:C0022081 Inflammation of iris Iritis Inflammation of the iris. Inflammation of iris Well-demarcated area(s) of partial or complete depigmentation in the fundus, reflecting atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium with associated retinal photoreceptor loss. MSH:D012162 SNOMEDCT_US:405722004 SNOMEDCT_US:95695004 UMLS:C0035304 UMLS:C0521694 Retinal atrophy Well-demarcated area(s) of partial or complete depigmentation in the fundus, reflecting atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium with associated retinal photoreceptor loss. Any abnormality of the size or morphology of the cornea. UMLS:C4025802 Abnormality of corneal size Any abnormality of the size or morphology of the cornea. The term corneal dystrophy embraces a heterogenous group of bilateral genetically determined non-inflammatory corneal diseases that are restricted to the cornea. SNOMEDCT_US:5587004 UMLS:C0010036 Corneal dystrophy The term corneal dystrophy embraces a heterogenous group of bilateral genetically determined non-inflammatory corneal diseases that are restricted to the cornea. UMLS:C1857627 Chorioretinal dystrophy An abnormality affecting one or both hands. MSH:D006226 SNOMEDCT_US:299033004 UMLS:C0018564 Abnormal hands Abnormality of the hand Hand anomalies Hand deformities Abnormality of the hand An abnormality affecting one or both hands. Abnormal hands Abnormality of the hand Hand anomalies Hand deformities Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here. MSH:D059327 SNOMEDCT_US:43476002 UMLS:C0221357 Brachydactyly syndrome Short fingers or toes Brachydactyly Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here. Short fingers or toes A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary finger or fingers. MEDDRA:10036064 SNOMEDCT_US:81793007 UMLS:C0158733 Extra finger Finger polydactyly Polydactyly of the hand Supernumerary finger Hand polydactyly A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary finger or fingers. MEDDRA:10036064 Polydactyly of fingers Extra finger Supernumerary finger Supernumerary digits located at the ulnar side of the hand (that is, on the side with the fifth finger). SNOMEDCT_US:205131007 UMLS:C0431904 Extra little finger Extra pinkie finger Extra pinky finger Polydactyly affecting the 5th finger Postaxial polydactyly of fingers Postaxial polydactyly of hand Postaxial polydactyly of hands Postaxial hand polydactyly Supernumerary digits located at the ulnar side of the hand (that is, on the side with the fifth finger). Extra little finger Extra pinkie finger Extra pinky finger An anomaly of a finger. UMLS:C2674737 Abnormalities of the fingers Abnormality of finger Abnormal finger morphology An anomaly of a finger. Abnormalities of the fingers Abnormality of finger An abnormal structure of the first digit of the hand. MSH:C536903 SNOMEDCT_US:299130003 UMLS:C0575897 Abnormality of the thumb Abnormality of the thumbs Thumb deformity Abnormal thumb morphology Abnormality of the thumb Abnormality of the thumbs Thumb deformity SNOMEDCT_US:249752003 UMLS:C0426870 Disproportionately large hands Large hands large hand Large hands Large hands large hand Supernumerary digits located at the radial side of the hand. Polydactyly (supernumerary digits) involving the thumb occurs in many distinct forms of high variability and severity. Ranging from fleshy nubbins over varying degrees of partial duplication/splitting to completely duplicated or even triplicated thumbs or preaxial (on the radial side of the hand) supernumerary digits. MSH:C536332 SNOMEDCT_US:205135003 SNOMEDCT_US:445216006 UMLS:C1395852 Extra thumb Polydactyly affecting the thumb Preaxial polydactyly of hands Supernumerary thumb thumb polydactyly Preaxial hand polydactyly Supernumerary digits located at the radial side of the hand. Polydactyly (supernumerary digits) involving the thumb occurs in many distinct forms of high variability and severity. Ranging from fleshy nubbins over varying degrees of partial duplication/splitting to completely duplicated or even triplicated thumbs or preaxial (on the radial side of the hand) supernumerary digits. Extra thumb Supernumerary thumb An abnormality affecting the carpal bones of the wrist (scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate). Abnormal wrist bones UMLS:C1840535 Abnormal carpal bones Abnormality of the carpal bones Anomalous carpal bones Carpal bone anomalies Abnormal carpal morphology An abnormality affecting the carpal bones of the wrist (scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate). Abnormal wrist bones UMLS:C4048199 Ulnar deviation of the hand or of fingers of the hand An abnormality of the placenta (the organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall) or of the umbilical cord (the cord that connects the fetus to the placenta). UMLS:C4025798 Abnormalities of placenta or umbilical cord Abnormalities of placenta or umbilical cord An abnormality of the placenta (the organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall) or of the umbilical cord (the cord that connects the fetus to the placenta). Abnormalities of placenta or umbilical cord Decreased length of the umbilical cord. SNOMEDCT_US:59795007 UMLS:C0266786 Short umbilical cord Short umbilical cord Decreased length of the umbilical cord. Short umbilical cord An abnormality of the fetus or the birth of the fetus, excluding structural abnormalities. UMLS:C4025797 Abnormality of prenatal development or birth Because of the close link between prenatal developmental abnormalities and abnormalities of the birth process, a single term is chosen to subsume both classes of abnormality. Abnormality of prenatal development or birth An abnormality of the fetus or the birth of the fetus, excluding structural abnormalities. Abnormality of prenatal development or birth An abnormal structure of the tip (end) of a finger. UMLS:C4025796 Abnormality of the fingertips Abnormal fingertip morphology Abnormality of the fingertips Ossification of carpal bones occurs later than age-adjusted norms. UMLS:C1841684 UMLS:C4280599 Carpal delayed ossification Delayed carpal bone age Delayed carpal ossification Delayed maturation of carpal bones Delayed maturation of wrist bone Delayed ossification of carpal bones Ossification of carpal bones occurs later than age-adjusted norms. Delayed maturation of wrist bone Chronic loss of joint motion in an interphalangeal joint of a finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. UMLS:C4021784 Interphalangeal joint flexion contractures Interphalangeal joint contracture of finger Chronic loss of joint motion in an interphalangeal joint of a finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. A chronic loss of wrist joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevent normal movement of the joints of the wrist. SNOMEDCT_US:202275008 UMLS:C0409345 Wrist contracture Wrist flexion deformity Wrist flexion contracture A chronic loss of wrist joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevent normal movement of the joints of the wrist. A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. MSH:D004827 MSH:D012640 SNOMEDCT_US:128613002 SNOMEDCT_US:246545002 SNOMEDCT_US:313307000 SNOMEDCT_US:84757009 SNOMEDCT_US:91175000 UMLS:C0014544 UMLS:C0036572 Epileptic seizure Seizures Epilepsy A type of electrographic seizure has been proposed in neonates which does not have a clinical correlate, it is electrographic only. The term epilepsy is not used to describe recurrent febrile seizures. Epilepsy presumably reflects an abnormally reduced seizure threshold. Seizure A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. PMID:15816939 Seizures Epilepsy Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). MSH:D002524 SNOMEDCT_US:85102008 UMLS:C0007758 Cerebellar ataxia Ataxia can be differentiated into dyssynergy, asynergy, dysmetria (hypometria, hypermetria), dysdiadochokinesis, gait ataxia, truncal ataxia, limb ataxia, and dysarthria). Note: This term does not include sensory ataxia. Ataxia Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. SNOMEDCT_US:405946002 UMLS:C0700078 Decreased reflex response Decreased reflexes Hyporeflexia Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. Decreased reflex response Decreased reflexes Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event. SNOMEDCT_US:95646004 UMLS:C0262404 UMLS:C0740279 UMLS:C4020873 Atrophic cerebellum Degeneration of cerebellum Infratentorial atrophy Cerebellar atrophy can be diagnosed if the cerebellum is small with shrunken folia and large cerebellar fissures or if it has been shown to undergo progressive volume loss. Cerebellar atrophy Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event. PMID:12169461 PMID:26331051 Degeneration of cerebellum Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. Absent reflexes MSH:D012021 SNOMEDCT_US:349006 SNOMEDCT_US:37280007 UMLS:C0234146 UMLS:C0241772 UMLS:C0278124 Absent deep tendon reflexes Absent tendon reflexes Deep tendon reflexes absent Loss of deep tendon reflexes The strectch reflexes (also called deep tendon relfexes) include the knee-jerk reflex (patellar reflex, the biceps reflex, the triceps reflex, and the ankle jerk reflex or Achilles tendon reflex). Areflexia Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. Absent reflexes Absent tendon reflexes Inflammation of the meninges. MSH:D008581 SNOMEDCT_US:7180009 UMLS:C0025289 Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges. Structural abnormality affecting one or more of the cranial nerves, which emerge directly from the brain stem. UMLS:C1854510 UMLS:C4020872 Abnormality of cranial nerve Abnormality of the cranial nerves Cranial nerve disease Cranial nerve involvement Cranial nerve abnormality Abnormal cranial nerve morphology Structural abnormality affecting one or more of the cranial nerves, which emerge directly from the brain stem. Abnormality of cranial nerve Diminution of tendon reflexes, which is an invariable sign of peripheral nerve disease. UMLS:C1866934 Absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes Decreased deep tendon reflexes Decreased tendon reflexes Decreased to absent deep tendon reflexes Decreased/absent deep tendon reflexes Depressed tendon reflexes Diminished deep tendon reflexes Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes Diminished or absent tendon reflexes Hypoactive to absent deep tendon reflexes Impaired tendon reflexes Reduced/absent deep tendon reflexes Weak or absent deep tendon reflexes The deep tendon reflex is a monosynaptic reflex arc with sensory and motor nerve components, but the arc is much more vulnerable to sensory nerve damage. Ankle plantar flexion is retained in all but the most severe peripheral neuropathies, and thus loss of the Achilles tendon reflex in an objective indication of a substantial sensory nerve defect. Reduced tendon reflexes Diminution of tendon reflexes, which is an invariable sign of peripheral nerve disease. PMID:20941667 Any structural abnormality of the cerebellum. UMLS:C0742038 UMLS:C1866129 Abnormality of the cerebellum Cerebellar abnormalities Cerebellar abnormality Cerebellar anomaly Cerebellar signs A malformed cerebellum may be abnormally small, dysplastic, or unusually large. The vermis and both hemispheres may be equally or disproportionately affected. Primary malformations of the pons, midbrain, and supratentorial structures are also seen in a substantial subset of patients. The wide range in morphological presentations results from the diversity of causes, including chromosomal abnormalities, specific genetic syndromes, and extrinsic factors. Abnormal cerebellum morphology Any structural abnormality of the cerebellum. PMID:27160001 Abnormality of the cerebellum Cerebellar abnormalities Cerebellar abnormality Cerebellar anomaly Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time. MSH:C562568 SNOMEDCT_US:16026008 UMLS:C0266470 Congenital cerebellar hypoplasia Hypoplasia of cerebellum Hypoplastic cerebellum Small cerebellum Underdeveloped cerebellum By prenatal ultrasound, cerebellar hypoplasia is diagnosed if the cerebellum measures more than two standard deviations below the mean. In adults, cerebellar hypoplasia is typically diagnosed by computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebellar hypoplasia can be diagnosed if there is a small cerebellum with fissures of normal size compared with the folia (this is a distinguishing characteristic compared with cerebellar atrophy). Cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) refers to an underdevelopment of the cerebellum. This category of cerebellar malformation is distinct from Dandy Walker malformation in that it does not involve a concurrent enlargement of the posterior fossa, and almost all individuals exhibit cognitive and motor impairments. Cerebellar hypoplasia Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time. PMID:26331051 PMID:27160001 Small cerebellum Underdeveloped cerebellum Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. MSH:D012021 SNOMEDCT_US:86854008 UMLS:C0151889 Increased deep tendon reflexes Increased reflexes Reflexes are graded according to the following scale: 0=absent; 1=present but diminished; 2=normoactive; 3=exaggerated; and 4=clonus. Clonus is always abnormal, and a grade 3 reflex may be abnormal if it is asymmetric or if it was previously grade 2 or less. Hyperreflexia Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. Increased reflexes A localized defect in the bone of the skull resulting from abnormal embryological development. The defect is covered by normal skin. In some cases, skull x-rays have shown underlying lytic bone lesions which have closed before the age of one year. UMLS:C4025787 UMLS:C4280595 UMLS:C4280596 Cranial defect Skull defect Calvarial defect Calvarial skull defect A localized defect in the bone of the skull resulting from abnormal embryological development. The defect is covered by normal skin. In some cases, skull x-rays have shown underlying lytic bone lesions which have closed before the age of one year. Cranial defect Skull defect Calvarial defect An abnormal structure or form of the joints, i.e., one or more of the articulations where two bones join. MSH:D007592 SNOMEDCT_US:399269003 UMLS:C0022408 UMLS:C0240083 Abnormal shape of joints Abnormality of the joints Anomaly of the joints Joint disease Abnormal joint morphology An abnormal structure or form of the joints, i.e., one or more of the articulations where two bones join. Abnormal shape of joints Abnormality of the joints Anomaly of the joints Joint disease Inflammation of a joint. MSH:D001168 SNOMEDCT_US:3723001 UMLS:C0003864 Arthritis Joint inflammation Arthritis Inflammation of a joint. Arthritis Joint inflammation A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints. MSH:D003286 SNOMEDCT_US:203598005 SNOMEDCT_US:385522000 SNOMEDCT_US:55033002 SNOMEDCT_US:57048009 SNOMEDCT_US:7890003 SNOMEDCT_US:88565003 UMLS:C0009917 UMLS:C0009918 UMLS:C0333068 UMLS:C1850530 Flexed joint that cannot be straightened Flexion contractures Flexion contractures of joints Flexion contracture A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints. Flexed joint that cannot be straightened A reduction in the freedom of movement of one or more joints. UMLS:C1857108 Decreased joint mobility Decreased mobility of joints Limitation of joint mobility Limited joint mobility Limited joint motion Limitation of joint mobility A reduction in the freedom of movement of one or more joints. Decreased joint mobility Decreased mobility of joints Limitation of joint mobility Limited joint mobility Limited joint motion The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. SNOMEDCT_US:298181000 UMLS:C1844820 Double-Jointed Extensible joints Flexible joints Hyperextensible joints Increased joint mobility Increased mobility of joints Joint hyperextensibility Joint hyperflexibility Joint hyperlaxity Joint laxity Joints move beyond expected range of motion Lax joints Loose-jointedness Joint instability Joint ligamentous laxity Ligamentous laxity Synonyms of joint hypermobility (JH) include joint laxity and double-jointedness. In general terms, joint hyperlaxity is often considered a further synonym of JH. JH may be caused by a number of factors including intraarticular disease and injury or slacking of extraarticular structures such as joint capsules, ligaments, and muscles. Establishing whether a joint is hypermobile or not is a relatively easy task and it is carried out by (i) using professional tools, such as the orthopedic goniometer; (ii) following specific procedures; and (iii) comparing the measured range of motion (ROM) with normal parameters. When JH is observed at one or a few types of joints (usually fewer than five) it may be defined as localized joint hypermobility (LJH). Typically, LJH affects a single small or large joint and may be bilateral (e.g., bilateral genu recurvatum due to knee hyperextensibility). LJH may be inherited, but it may be an acquired trait related to, for example, past trauma, joint disease, surgery, or training (e.g., spine hypermobility). In individuals with JH at multiple sites (usually five or more), the term generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is preferred. Joint hypermobility The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. PMID:28145606 Double-Jointed Flexible joints Increased mobility of joints Joints move beyond expected range of motion Lax joints Loose-jointedness An abnormality of the hip joint. UMLS:C4020870 Abnormality of the hip joint Abnormality of the hip joints Abnormal hip joint morphology An abnormality of the hip joint. Abnormality of the hip joint Abnormality of the hip joints The presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Abnormal formation of the hip MSH:D006618 SNOMEDCT_US:48334007 SNOMEDCT_US:52781008 UMLS:C0019555 Congenital hip dysplasia DDH Developmental dysplasia of the hip Hip dysplasia The presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Abnormal formation of the hip DDH An abnormality of the liver. MSH:D008107 SNOMEDCT_US:235856003 UMLS:C0023895 UMLS:C4021780 Abnormal liver Abnormality of the liver Liver abnormality Liver disease Abnormality of the liver An abnormality of the liver. Abnormal liver Abnormality of the liver Liver abnormality Liver disease Increased pressure in the portal vein. MSH:D006975 SNOMEDCT_US:34742003 UMLS:C0020541 Portal hypertension is defined as portal vein pressures exceeding 5 mm Hg or portal vein to hepatic vein gradient of greater than 10 mm Hg. Portal hypertension Increased pressure in the portal vein. Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions. MSH:D008107 SNOMEDCT_US:75183008 SNOMEDCT_US:77981007 UMLS:C0086565 UMLS:C0232744 UMLS:C3279149 Decreased liver function Liver dysfunction Hepatopathy Liver dysfunction, mild Decreased liver function Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions. Decreased liver function Liver dysfunction Liver dysfunction, mild UMLS:C4025786 Abnormal hand muscles Abnormality of the musculature of the hand Abnormal hand muscles UMLS:C4021779 Abnormal calf muscles Abnormality of calf musculature Abnormal calf musculature morphology Abnormal calf muscles Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen. SNOMEDCT_US:36760000 UMLS:C0019214 Enlarged liver and spleen Hepatosplenomegaly Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen. Enlarged liver and spleen UMLS:C4021778 Abnormality of shoulder musculature Abnormality of the shoulder girdle musculature Abnormality of shoulder musculature An anomaly of the musculature of foot. UMLS:C4025785 Abnormal foot muscles Abnormality of the foot musculature An anomaly of the musculature of foot. Abnormal foot muscles UMLS:C4025784 Abnormality of the musculature of the lower limbs A structural abnormality of the abdomen ('belly'), that is, the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. UMLS:C4020869 Abnormality of abdomen morphology Abnormality of abdomen structure Abnormality of the abdomen Abdomen abnormality Abnormal abdomen morphology A structural abnormality of the abdomen ('belly'), that is, the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. Abnormality of abdomen structure Abdomen abnormality UMLS:C4025783 Abnormal thigh muscles Abnormality of the musculature of the thigh Abnormality thigh musculature morphology Abnormal thigh muscles UMLS:C4025780 Abnormality of the hip-girdle musculature UMLS:C4025779 Abnormal upper limb muscles Abnormality of the musculature of the upper limbs Abnormal upper limb muscles UMLS:C4025778 Duplication of long bones of foot Duplication of metatarsal bones Duplication of long bones of foot UMLS:C4025776 Abnormality of the upper arm UMLS:C4025775 Abnormality of the musculature of the upper arm Absence or underdevelopment of the musculature. UMLS:C4025773 Absent/small skeletal muscles Absent/underdeveloped skeletal muscles Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the skeletal musculature Absence or underdevelopment of the musculature. Absent/small skeletal muscles Absent/underdeveloped skeletal muscles Absence or underdevelopment of the muscles of the shoulder. UMLS:C4025772 Absent/small shoulder muscles Absent/underdeveloped shoulder muscles Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the shoulder musculature Absence or underdevelopment of the muscles of the shoulder. Absent/small shoulder muscles Absent/underdeveloped shoulder muscles UMLS:C4025771 Shoulder muscle degeneration Wasting of shoulder muscles Amyotrophy involving the shoulder musculature Shoulder muscle degeneration Wasting of shoulder muscles Absence or underdevelopment of the musculature of the upper limbs. UMLS:C4025770 Absent/small upper limb muscles Absent/underdeveloped upper limb muscles Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the musculature of the upper limbs Absence or underdevelopment of the musculature of the upper limbs. Absent/small upper limb muscles Absent/underdeveloped upper limb muscles Absence or underdevelopment of the muscles of the upper arm. UMLS:C4025769 Absent/small upper arm muscles Absent/underdeveloped upper arm muscles Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the musculature of the upper arm Absence or underdevelopment of the muscles of the upper arm. Absent/small upper arm muscles Absent/underdeveloped upper arm muscles UMLS:C4025768 Abnormality of the musculature of the pelvis Abnormal morphology of the pelvis musculature UMLS:C4025766 Absent/small pelvis muscles Absent/underdeveloped pelvis muscles Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the musculature of the pelvis Absent/small pelvis muscles Absent/underdeveloped pelvis muscles Increased density of the bony tissue of the scapula. UMLS:C1849263 Sclerotic scapulae Increased density of the bony tissue of the scapula. Underdevelopment of one or more carpal bones. Small wrist bones UMLS:C1863749 UMLS:C4280594 Hypoplasia of carpal bones Hypoplastic carpal bones Small carpal bones Small carpals Carpal bone hypoplasia Underdevelopment of one or more carpal bones. Small wrist bones Small carpal bones Small carpals UMLS:C0262361 Abnormal growth Growth abnormality Growth issue Growth abnormality Abnormal growth Growth abnormality Growth issue Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Undergrowth SNOMEDCT_US:36440009 SNOMEDCT_US:432788009 UMLS:C0231246 UMLS:C2315100 Faltering weight Postnatal failure to thrive Weight faltering Poor weight gain Although there is no clear consensus on the exact definition of FTT, it is usually diagnoses in a child growing below the 3rd percentile or in a child whose decreased growth has cross two major growth percentiles (for example, from above the 75th percentile to below the 25th percentile). Failure to thrive Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Undergrowth Faltering weight Weight faltering Poor weight gain A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. SNOMEDCT_US:276617005 SNOMEDCT_US:444896005 SNOMEDCT_US:59576002 UMLS:C0151686 UMLS:C0456070 UMLS:C0878787 UMLS:C1837385 UMLS:C3552463 Delayed growth Growth deficiency Growth delay Growth failure Growth retardation Poor growth Retarded growth Very poor growth Poor or abnormally slow gains in weight or height in a child. Growth delay A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. Delayed growth Growth deficiency Growth delay Growth failure Growth retardation Poor growth Retarded growth Very poor growth An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. MSH:D005317 MSH:D007236 SNOMEDCT_US:199612005 SNOMEDCT_US:22033007 UMLS:C0015934 UMLS:C0021296 UMLS:C1386048 IUGR In utero growth retardation Intrauterine growth failure Intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR Intrauterine retardation Prenatal growth deficiency Prenatal growth failure Prenatal growth retardation Prenatal onset growth retardation Prenatal-onset growth retardation Small for gestational age infant Intrauterine growth restriction is a newer term that is preferred over Intrauterine growth retardation. The causes of IUGR include maternal abnormalities (chronic hypertension, cyanotic heart disease, smoking, drug abuse), placental or umbilical cord abnormalities (including placenta previa and cord anomalies), maternal medicationas, and genetic disorders of the fetus. Intrauterine growth retardation An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. IUGR Prenatal growth deficiency Prenatal growth retardation Accumulation of substantial excess body fat. MSH:D009765 SNOMEDCT_US:414915002 SNOMEDCT_US:414916001 UMLS:C0028754 Having too much body fat Obesity Obesity Having too much body fat Obesity Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. MSH:D001201 SNOMEDCT_US:389026000 UMLS:C0003962 Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen Ascites is commonly associated with liver disease that has resulted in portal hypertension and low serum albumin levels. Ascites Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen A morphological anomaly of the rib cage. UMLS:C4025763 Abnormality of the rib cage Abnormal rib cage morphology A morphological anomaly of the rib cage. Abnormality of the rib cage Excessive postnatal growth which may comprise increased weight, increased length, and/or increased head circumference. UMLS:C1849265 UMLS:C1851731 UMLS:C3150281 General overgrowth Generalised overgrowth Generalized overgrowth Overgrowth Excessive postnatal growth which may comprise increased weight, increased length, and/or increased head circumference. General overgrowth Generalised overgrowth Generalized overgrowth UMLS:C4025762 Abnormality of the ileum Abnormal ileum morphology Abnormality of the amniotic fluid, which is the fluid contained in the amniotic sac surrounding the developing fetus. SNOMEDCT_US:42170009 UMLS:C0266781 Abnormal amniotic fluid Abnormality of the amniotic fluid Abnormality of the amniotic fluid, which is the fluid contained in the amniotic sac surrounding the developing fetus. The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy. MSH:D006831 SNOMEDCT_US:86203003 UMLS:C0020224 High levels of amniotic fluid Hydramnios Increased amniotic fluid index Polyhydramnios is diagnosed if the deepest vertical pool of amniotic fluid is more than 8 cm or amniotic fluid index is more than 95th percentile for the corresponding gestational age. Polyhydramnios The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy. High levels of amniotic fluid Increased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD above mean for age. Alternatively, an apparently increased maximum width of the tooth. Hyperplasia of tooth Hypertrophy of tooth SNOMEDCT_US:71485000 UMLS:C0266036 UMLS:C4280590 UMLS:C4280591 UMLS:C4280592 Increased size of tooth Increased width of tooth Large tooth Megalodontia Tooth mass excess The standard reference has means and standard deviations by gender [Moyers et al, 1976]. Although it is easy to measure the width of teeth, and the definition is made with reference to the width of teeth, macrodontia actually means that the overall size of the tooth is increased. Macrodontia Increased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD above mean for age. Alternatively, an apparently increased maximum width of the tooth. PMID:19125428 Hyperplasia of tooth Hypertrophy of tooth Increased size of tooth Increased width of tooth Large tooth Tooth mass excess An abnormality of the integument, which consists of the skin and the superficial fascia. UMLS:C4025761 Abnormality of skin, hair, or nails. Abnormality of the integument An abnormality of the integument, which consists of the skin and the superficial fascia. An abnormality of the hair. UMLS:C0157733 UMLS:C2677869 Abnormality of the hair Hair abnormality Abnormality of the hair shaft Abnormal hair morphology An abnormality of the hair. Abnormality of the hair Hair abnormality Abnormality of the hair shaft An abnormality of the larynx. UMLS:C4021777 Laryngeal abnormalities Laryngeal anomalies Abnormality of the larynx An abnormality of the larynx. Any abnormality of the cardiovascular system. MSH:D002318 MSH:D018376 SNOMEDCT_US:49601007 UMLS:C0007222 UMLS:C0243050 Abnormality of the cardiovascular system Cardiovascular abnormality Cardiovascular disease The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, vasculature, and the lymphatic system. Abnormality of the cardiovascular system Any abnormality of the cardiovascular system. Abnormality of the cardiovascular system Cardiovascular abnormality Cardiovascular disease Any structural anomaly of the heart. MSH:D006330 SNOMEDCT_US:13213009 UMLS:C0018798 UMLS:C0152021 Abnormality of cardiac morphology Abnormality of the heart Abnormally shaped heart Cardiac abnormality Cardiac anomalies Cardiac anomaly Congenital heart defect Congenital heart defects Heart defect Abnormal heart morphology Any structural anomaly of the heart. Abnormality of the heart Abnormally shaped heart Heart defect A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Fyler:1300 MSH:D006345 SNOMEDCT_US:253549006 SNOMEDCT_US:30288003 UMLS:C0018818 Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers VSD Ventricular septal defects Ventriculoseptal defect Ventricular septal defect A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. PMID:33327983 Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers VSD Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. Fyler:2050 ICD-10:Q21.1 MSH:D006344 SNOMEDCT_US:253366007 SNOMEDCT_US:405752007 SNOMEDCT_US:70142008 UMLS:C0018817 ASD An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart Atria septal defect Atrial septum defect Atrioseptal defect Defect in the atrial septum Hole in heart wall separating two upper heart chambers Atrial septal defect Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown ASD An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart Hole in heart wall separating two upper heart chambers Any structural anomaly of the mitral valve. UMLS:C4025759 Abnormality of the mitral valve Abnormal mitral valve morphology Any structural anomaly of the mitral valve. The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction. MSH:D006333 SNOMEDCT_US:42343007 SNOMEDCT_US:84114007 UMLS:C0018801 UMLS:C0018802 CHF Cardiac failure Cardiac failures Cardiac insufficiency Chronic heart failure Heart failure Congestive heart failure The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction. CHF Cardiac failure Cardiac failures Heart failure A structural anomaly of the muscle layer of the heart wall. UMLS:C4025758 Abnormality of the myocardium Abnormal myocardium morphology A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality. Fyler:1840 MSH:D009202 SNOMEDCT_US:57809008 SNOMEDCT_US:85898001 UMLS:C0878544 Disease of the heart muscle Cardiomyopathy A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality. PMID:17916581 Disease of the heart muscle Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography. MSH:D006332 SNOMEDCT_US:8186001 UMLS:C0018800 Enlarged heart Increased heart size Cardiomegaly Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography. PMID:31194436 Enlarged heart Increased heart size Any structural abnormality of the pulmonary valve. Fyler:1600 Fyler:1602 SNOMEDCT_US:448643005 UMLS:C3164374 Abnormality of the pulmonary valve Anomaly of the pulmonary valve Abnormal pulmonary valve morphology Any structural abnormality of the pulmonary valve. Any structural abnormality of a cardiac valve. MSH:D006349 SNOMEDCT_US:368009 UMLS:C0018824 UMLS:C0241654 Abnormality of the heart valves Valvular abnormality Valvular heart disease Abnormal heart valve morphology Any structural abnormality of a cardiac valve. In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal. Fyler:3609 MSH:D017380 SNOMEDCT_US:89792004 UMLS:C0162770 Heart right ventricle hypertrophy Right ventricular hypertrophy In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal. Heart right ventricle hypertrophy An anomaly of the intra-atrial or intraventricular septum. MSH:D006343 SNOMEDCT_US:253273004 SNOMEDCT_US:396351009 SNOMEDCT_US:59494005 UMLS:C0018816 Abnormality of the cardiac septa Heart septal defect Septal defects Abnormal cardiac septum morphology An anomaly of the intra-atrial or intraventricular septum. Septal defects Delayed or lack of conduction of atrial depolarizations through the atrioventricular node to the ventricles. MSH:D054537 SNOMEDCT_US:233917008 UMLS:C0004245 UMLS:C1841659 Interruption of electrical communication between upper and lower chambers of heart Atrioventricular nodal disease Atrioventricular block Delayed or lack of conduction of atrial depolarizations through the atrioventricular node to the ventricles. Interruption of electrical communication between upper and lower chambers of heart An abnormality of the aorta. Fyler:1453 UMLS:C4025756 Abnormal aorta morphology Abnormality of the aorta Abnormal aortic morphology An abnormality of the aorta. PMID:24910511 Abnormal aorta morphology An abnormality of the pericardium, i.e., of the fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends of the aorta, vena cava, and the pulmonary artery. Fyler:1900 UMLS:C4025754 Abnormality of the pericardium Abnormal pericardium morphology An abnormality of the pericardium, i.e., of the fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends of the aorta, vena cava, and the pulmonary artery. Inflammation of the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium). MSH:D010493 SNOMEDCT_US:3238004 UMLS:C0031046 Swelling or irritation of membrane around heart Pericarditis Inflammation of the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium). Swelling or irritation of membrane around heart Any structural anomaly of the tricuspid valve. EPCC:06.01.00 UMLS:C4025753 Abnormality of the tricuspid valve Abnormal tricuspid valve morphology Any structural anomaly of the tricuspid valve. An abnormality of the right ventricle of the heart. Fyler:1820 SNOMEDCT_US:253516002 UMLS:C0344887 Abnormality of the right ventricle Right ventricular abnormality The function of the right ventricle is to receive blood from the right atrium and to eject blood into the pulmonary artery. Abnormal right ventricle morphology An abnormality of the right ventricle of the heart. Any structural abnormality of the left ventricle of the heart. Fyler:1810 SNOMEDCT_US:253535002 UMLS:C0344905 Abnormal heart left ventricle morphology Abnormality of the left ventricle Left ventricular abnormality Abnormal left ventricle morphology Any structural abnormality of the left ventricle of the heart. Abnormal heart left ventricle morphology Enlargement or increased size of the heart left ventricle. Fyler:3608 MSH:D017379 SNOMEDCT_US:55827005 UMLS:C0149721 Heart left ventricle hypertrophy Left ventricular wall hypertrophy Left ventricular hypertrophy Enlargement or increased size of the heart left ventricle. MP:0002625 Heart left ventricle hypertrophy An abnormality of a cardiac ventricle. UMLS:C4025752 Abnormality of cardiac ventricle Abnormal cardiac ventricle morphology An abnormality of a cardiac ventricle. Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy. SNOMEDCT_US:266249003 UMLS:C0340279 Ventricular hypertrophy Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy. An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in a coronary artery. SNOMEDCT_US:445512009 UMLS:C1611184 Coronary artery calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in a coronary artery. A progressive form of hearing impairment. UMLS:C1842138 Progressive hearing loss Progressive hearing impairment A progressive form of hearing impairment. An abnormality of the pancreas. MSH:D010182 SNOMEDCT_US:3855007 UMLS:C0030286 UMLS:C4025751 Abnormality of the pancreas Pancreatic disease Abnormality of the pancreas An abnormality of the pancreas. Abnormality of the pancreas Pancreatic disease The presence of inflammation in the pancreas. MSH:D010195 SNOMEDCT_US:75694006 UMLS:C0030305 Pancreatic inflammation Pancreatitis The presence of inflammation in the pancreas. Pancreatic inflammation A structural anomaly of the nasopharynx. UMLS:C4025750 Abnormality of the nasopharynx The nasopharynx (nasal part of the pharynx) lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate. Abnormal nasopharynx morphology An abnormality of the spleen. UMLS:C4025749 Abnormality of the spleen The spleen is an abdominal organ that functions as a member of the hematopoietic system and of the immune system. Abnormality of the spleen An abnormality of the spleen. Abnormality of the spleen Abnormal increased size of the spleen. MSH:D013163 SNOMEDCT_US:16294009 UMLS:C0038002 Increased spleen size Splenomegaly Abnormal increased size of the spleen. Increased spleen size Absence (aplasia) of the spleen. Fyler:4771 SNOMEDCT_US:702624008 SNOMEDCT_US:707147002 SNOMEDCT_US:93030006 UMLS:C0600031 Absent spleen Asplenia Absence (aplasia) of the spleen. Absent spleen An abnormality of the functioning of the vestibular apparatus. UMLS:C1843865 Impaired vestibular function Interictal vestibular dysfunction Vestibular function defect The vestibular apparatus is the nonauditory portion of the inner ear that mediates the subjective sensation of motion and spatial orientation of the head, adjusts muscular activity and body position to maintain posture, and stabilizes in space the fixation point of the eyes when the head moves, in order to provide a stable image upon the retina. The functioning of the vestibular system is often checked clinically by means of the caloric test, in which the head is tilted backward by about 60 degrees and either warm or cold water is introduced into the external auditory meatus on one side. The immediate results are usually vertigo, nausea, nystagmus, and twisting of the head and body. Abnormal vestibular function An abnormality of the functioning of the vestibular apparatus. A general descriptive term that describes impaired functioning of the vestibular apparatus that leads to manifestations such as dizziness or postural imbalance UMLS:C1848606 Vestibular deficiency Vestibular dysfunction Vestibular failure Vestibular hyporeflexia Vestibular loss Vestibulopathy Vestibular hypofunction A general descriptive term that describes impaired functioning of the vestibular apparatus that leads to manifestations such as dizziness or postural imbalance PMID:32767115 An abnormality of the skeleton of foot. MSH:D005530 SNOMEDCT_US:229844004 UMLS:C0016506 Abnormal feet structure Abnormality of the feet Abnormality of the foot Foot deformities Foot deformity A disorder of the foot that can either be congenital or acquired. Such deformities can include hammer toe, club foot deformity, flat feet, pes cavus, congenital vertical talus (rocker bottom foot), and many others. Abnormal foot morphology An abnormality of the skeleton of foot. Abnormal feet structure Abnormality of the feet Abnormality of the foot Foot deformities Foot deformity A measured foot length that is more than 2 SD below the mean for a newborn of 27 - 41 weeks gestation, or foot that is less than the 3rd centile for individuals from birth to 16 years of age (objective). Alternatively, a foot that appears disproportionately short (subjective). UMLS:C1848673 Hypoplastic feet Short feet Short foot Small feet Short foot A measured foot length that is more than 2 SD below the mean for a newborn of 27 - 41 weeks gestation, or foot that is less than the 3rd centile for individuals from birth to 16 years of age (objective). Alternatively, a foot that appears disproportionately short (subjective). PMID:19125433 Short feet Short foot Small feet An anomaly of a toe. UMLS:C2674738 Abnormalities of the toes Abnormality of toe Abnormal toe morphology An anomaly of a toe. Abnormalities of the toes Abnormality of toe Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity during the fetal period. SNOMEDCT_US:363125002 UMLS:C1285291 Foetal ascites Fetal ascites Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity during the fetal period. Foetal ascites Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe). MSH:D000071378 MSH:D006215 SNOMEDCT_US:122480009 SNOMEDCT_US:415692008 UMLS:C0006386 UMLS:C0018536 Bunion Lateral deviation of great toe Lateral deviation of halluces Hallux valgus Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe). Bunion Reduction of total body weight. MSH:D015431 SNOMEDCT_US:161832001 SNOMEDCT_US:262285001 SNOMEDCT_US:89362005 UMLS:C1262477 Loss of weight Weight loss Reduction of total body weight. A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary toe or toes. SNOMEDCT_US:62218008 UMLS:C0158734 Duplication of bones of the toes Polydactyly of feet Polydactyly of the foot Foot polydactyly A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary toe or toes. Duplication of bones of the toes Polydactyly of the foot most commonly refers to the presence of six toes on one foot. Postaxial polydactyly affects the lateral ray and the duplication may range from a well-formed articulated digit to a rudimentary digit. UMLS:C2112129 UMLS:C4020865 Extra toe attached near the little toe Polydactyly affecting the 5th toe Postaxial polydactyly of feet Postaxial polydactyly of foot Posterior polydactyly of foot Fibular polydactyly The modifier postaxial means that the supernumerary digit is not a hallux. Postaxial foot polydactyly Polydactyly of the foot most commonly refers to the presence of six toes on one foot. Postaxial polydactyly affects the lateral ray and the duplication may range from a well-formed articulated digit to a rudimentary digit. Extra toe attached near the little toe A toe that appears disproportionately short compared to the foot. UMLS:C1836195 Brachydactyly of the foot Hypoplasia of the toe Hypoplastic toes Short foot phalanges Short toe Short toes Stubby toes This finding must be distinguished from digits that are of increased girth but of normal length and that of a long mid- and hind foot with normal digit lengths. The affected digits should be specified as described in the introductory comments. Note that we designate brachydactyly as a synonym, but this use of the term is distinct from the use of the same word in Bell's classification of brachdactyly. Short toe A toe that appears disproportionately short compared to the foot. Short toe Short toes Stubby toes Abnormalities of the metatarsal bones (i.e. of five tubular bones located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes). UMLS:C4025745 Abnormality of the long bone of foot Abnormal metatarsal morphology Abnormalities of the metatarsal bones (i.e. of five tubular bones located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes). Abnormality of the long bone of foot Increased back to front length of the foot. SNOMEDCT_US:299462005 UMLS:C0576225 Disproportionately large feet Long foot large feet long feet Long foot Increased back to front length of the foot. Disproportionately large feet Long foot large feet long feet Camptodactyly is a painless flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint that is usually gradually progressive. This term refers to camptodactyly of one or more toes. UMLS:C4021774 Camptodactyly of feet Camptodactyly of toe Camptodactyly is a painless flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint that is usually gradually progressive. This term refers to camptodactyly of one or more toes. Duplication of all or part of the first ray. MSH:C566632 UMLS:C1866339 UMLS:C2112942 Partial/complete duplication of the phalanges of the big toe Polydactyly affecting the hallux Preaxial hallucal polydactyly Preaxial polydactyly of feet Preaxial polydactyly of foot Preaxial polydactyly of the feet Preaxial polydactyly, feet This term applies for a wide variety of partial and/or complete duplications of the phalanges of the big toe (sometimes including the 1st metatarsal). A partial duplication can present itself on x-rays as a notched phalanx, bifid phalanx or a broadened phalanx. Polydactyly affecting the big toe is called preaxial or hallucal polydactyly of the feet. Preaxial foot polydactyly Duplication of all or part of the first ray. PMID:19125433 Partial/complete duplication of the phalanges of the big toe Preaxial polydactyly of the feet This term applies for all abnormalities of the big toe, also called hallux. UMLS:C4021773 Abnormalities of the hallux Abnormality of the big toe Abnormality of the hallux Abnormal hallux morphology This term applies for all abnormalities of the big toe, also called hallux. Abnormality of the big toe Increased length of the big toe. UMLS:C1864375 Increased length of the hallux Large halluces Long big toe Long halluces Long hallux Increased length of the big toe. Long big toe A developmental defect resulting in the presence of fewer than the normal number of toes. SNOMEDCT_US:249820005 UMLS:C0426934 Missing toes Oligodactyly of feet Foot oligodactyly A developmental defect resulting in the presence of fewer than the normal number of toes. Missing toes An abnormality of the tarsus are the cluster of seven bones in the foot between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsus, including the calcaneus (heel) bone and the talus (ankle) bone. UMLS:C1862136 Abnormal ankle bones Abnormal tarsals Abnormality of the tarsal bones An abnormality of the tarsus are the cluster of seven bones in the foot between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsus, including the calcaneus (heel) bone and the talus (ankle) bone. Abnormal ankle bones UMLS:C4021772 Bifid distal phalanges of toes Bifid terminal phalanx of toe Notched outermost bones of toes Bifid distal phalanx of toe Notched outermost bones of toes Short distance from the end of the toe to the most distal interphalangeal crease or distal interphalangeal joint flexion point, i.e., abnormally short distal phalanx of toe. UMLS:C4021771 Hypoplastic distal phalanges of feet Short outermost bone of toe This term differs from Partial absence of the toe because in that term the phalanx must be missing, whereas here it may be small, but present. Relative shortening of the distal phalanges of the toes can be harder to assess than in the fingers, as they are normally quite short. Distal phalangeal lengths can be assessed subjectively by comparing that digit segment to the rest of the digit, to other normal digits in that patient, or to typical patients of that age or build. Short distal phalanx of toe Short distance from the end of the toe to the most distal interphalangeal crease or distal interphalangeal joint flexion point, i.e., abnormally short distal phalanx of toe. PMID:19125433 Short outermost bone of toe An abnormality of the hematopoietic system. MSH:D006402 SNOMEDCT_US:191124002 SNOMEDCT_US:34093004 UMLS:C0018939 UMLS:C0850715 UMLS:C4020864 Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues Abnormality of the haematopoietic system Abnormality of the hematopoietic system Haematological abnormality Hematological abnormality Hematologic disease The hematopoietic system comprises the organs that are involved in the production of blood, primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes. Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues An abnormality of the hematopoietic system. Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues Abnormality of the haematopoietic system Haematological abnormality An abnormality of platelets. MSH:D013915 SNOMEDCT_US:127566005 SNOMEDCT_US:32942005 UMLS:C0040015 UMLS:C0151854 UMLS:C4020863 Platelet abnormalities Blood platelet disease Thrombasthenia Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are non-nucleated disk-shaped cells mainly involved in blood coagulation. Abnormality of thrombocytes An abnormality of platelets. Platelet abnormalities A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes. MSH:D013921 SNOMEDCT_US:302215000 SNOMEDCT_US:415116008 UMLS:C0040034 UMLS:C0392386 Low platelet count Thrombocytopenia can be divided into three major causes; 1) low production of platelets in the bone marrow; 2) intravascular breakdown of thrombocytes; and 3) increased turnover of platelets in spleen or liver (extravascular). Thrombocytopenia A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes. Low platelet count A neutrophil abnormality. SNOMEDCT_US:250274006 UMLS:C0427515 Abnormality of neutrophil Abnormality of neutrophils Abnormality of polymorphonuclear neutrophils Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood and are considered to be the first line of defense during inflammation and infections. They are myeloid granulocytes and their names is derived from the fact that their cytoplasm contains granules that stain with acidic dye as well as granules that stain with basic dye. Their nuclei consist of three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin. Mature neutrophils live for approximately one day. Abnormality of neutrophils A neutrophil abnormality. PMID:21094463 PMID:26819959 Abnormality of neutrophils An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. SNOMEDCT_US:165517008 UMLS:C0853697 Low blood neutrophil count Low neutrophil count Neutropoenia Peripheral neutropenia Mild neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1500 cells per microliter of blood, moderate less than 1000 cells per microliter of blood and, and severe is less than 500 cells per microliter of blood. Neutropenia An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. PMID:25642312 Low blood neutrophil count Low neutrophil count Neutropoenia An abnormal reduction in numbers of all blood cell types (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). MSH:D010198 SNOMEDCT_US:127034005 UMLS:C0030312 Low blood cell count Pancytopaenia Pancytopenia An abnormal reduction in numbers of all blood cell types (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Low blood cell count Pancytopaenia Any structural abnormality of erythrocytes (red-blood cells). SNOMEDCT_US:12222001 UMLS:C0391870 UMLS:C4020862 Abnormality of erythrocytes Abnormality of red blood cells Abnormality of erythroid lineage cell Abnormal erythrocyte morphology Any structural abnormality of erythrocytes (red-blood cells). An abnormal count or structure of eosinophils. UMLS:C4025738 Abnormality of eosinophils Eosinophils stain with acidophilic dyes including eosin red. They have a bilobed nucleus, are weakly phagocytic, and are involved in the immune defense against worms. Eosinophils are released into the peripheral blood in a phenotypically mature state, and are capable of undergoing activation and recruitment into tissues in response to appropriate stimuli, most notably cytokines interleukin-5 and the eotaxins. Eosinophils spend only a brief time in the peripheral blood (half-life of about 18 hours) before they migrate to the thymus or gastrointestinal tract, where they reside under homeostatic conditions. In response to inflammatory stimuli, eosinophils develop from committed bone marrow progenitors, after which they exit, migrate into the blood and subsequently accumulate in peripheral tissues where survival is prolonged. Abnormal eosinophil morphology An abnormal count or structure of eosinophils. PMID:23154224 Increased count of eosinophils in the blood. MSH:D004802 UMLS:C0014457 High blood eosinophil count Eosinophilia Increased count of eosinophils in the blood. High blood eosinophil count An abnormality of leukocytes. SNOMEDCT_US:134199001 SNOMEDCT_US:24827003 UMLS:C0152009 Abnormality of leukocytes Leukocytes are nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue. Abnormal leukocyte morphology An abnormality of leukocytes. An abnormal decreased number of leukocytes in the blood. MSH:D007970 SNOMEDCT_US:84828003 UMLS:C0023530 Decreased blood leukocyte number Low white blood cell count Leukopenia An abnormal decreased number of leukocytes in the blood. Decreased blood leukocyte number Low white blood cell count A reduced number of lymphocytes in the blood. MSH:D008231 SNOMEDCT_US:48813009 UMLS:C0024312 Absolute lymphocyte count decrease Decreased blood lymphocyte number Low lymphocyte number Lymphocytopenia Lymphopenia A reduced number of lymphocytes in the blood. Decreased blood lymphocyte number Low lymphocyte number An abnormal susceptibility to bleeding, often referred to as a bleeding diathesis. A bleeding diathesis may be related to vascular, platelet and coagulation defects. SNOMEDCT_US:248250000 SNOMEDCT_US:64779008 UMLS:C1458140 Bleeding diathesis Bleeding tendency Hemorrhagic diathesis This term is kept for historical reasons. If possible, a more exact description of the phenotype (i.e., whether there is a vascular, platelet and coagulation defect) should be attempted. Abnormal bleeding An abnormal susceptibility to bleeding, often referred to as a bleeding diathesis. A bleeding diathesis may be related to vascular, platelet and coagulation defects. Bleeding tendency Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. MSH:D013922 SNOMEDCT_US:415115007 SNOMEDCT_US:6631009 UMLS:C0836924 UMLS:C0857460 Increased number of platelets in blood Increased platelet count Thrombocythaemia Thrombocythemia Thrombocythemia and thrombocytosis are conditions with a higher than normal number of platelets. The term "thrombocythemia" is preferred when the cause of a high platelet count isn't known. The condition sometimes is called primary or essential thrombocythemia. Thrombocytosis Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. Increased number of platelets in blood A reduced number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood. SNOMEDCT_US:124961001 UMLS:C0858867 Reticulocytopenia A reduced number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood. The presence of an increased mass of red blood cells in the circulation. UMLS:C1853288 Increased RBC mass Increased red blood cell mass The presence of an increased mass of red blood cells in the circulation. Increased RBC mass Concentration of hemoglobin in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. SNOMEDCT_US:131141003 UMLS:C0549448 Increased Hb Increased Hb concentration Increased haemoglobin Increased haemoglobin concentration Increased hemoglobin Increased hemoglobin concentration Increased circulating hemoglobin concentration Increased Hb Increased Hb concentration Increased haemoglobin Increased haemoglobin concentration Polycythemia is diagnosed if the red blood cell count, the hemoglobin level, and the red blood cell volume all exceed the upper limits of normal. MSH:D011086 SNOMEDCT_US:109992005 SNOMEDCT_US:127062003 UMLS:C0032461 UMLS:C1527405 Abnormally shaped erythrocytes Erythrocytosis Increased red blood cells Polyglobulia Polycythemia Polycythemia is diagnosed if the red blood cell count, the hemoglobin level, and the red blood cell volume all exceed the upper limits of normal. Abnormally shaped erythrocytes Increased red blood cells A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration. MSH:D000740 SNOMEDCT_US:165397008 SNOMEDCT_US:271737000 UMLS:C0002871 UMLS:C0162119 Anaemia Low number of red blood cells or haemoglobin Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin Decreased haemoglobin Decreased hemoglobin Anemia is not a specific entity but can result from many underlying pathologic processes. The three main causes of anemia are blood loss, decreased or faulty red blood cell production, and increased destruction of red blood cells. Various classifications are in clinical use including a classification according to the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of the erythrocytes: microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic. Anemias can also be classified according to variations in cell size and shape, as reflected by the red-cell distribution width (RDW). Additionally, anemias can be classified into those of inadequate production and hemolytic anemias. Anemia A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration. Low number of red blood cells or haemoglobin Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin Decreased haemoglobin The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel that subsequently travels through the blood stream from the site where it formed to another location in the body, generally leading to vascular occlusion at the distant site. MSH:D013923 MSH:D016769 SNOMEDCT_US:13713005 SNOMEDCT_US:371039008 UMLS:C0040038 UMLS:C0085307 Blood clot in blood vessel Thromboembolic disease Thromboembolic events Embolism and thrombosis Thromboembolism The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel that subsequently travels through the blood stream from the site where it formed to another location in the body, generally leading to vascular occlusion at the distant site. Blood clot in blood vessel Any structural abnormality or abnormal count of granulocytes. SNOMEDCT_US:250274006 UMLS:C0427515 Abnormality of granulocytes Abnormal granulocyte morphology Any structural abnormality or abnormal count of granulocytes. Any structural abnormality or abnormal count of basophils. UMLS:C4025736 Abnormality of basophils Basophils are myeoloid granulocytes and part of the innate immune system. They represent the least abundant granulocyte population in mammals. They have a complex, almost C-shaped nucleus. Their granules stain blue with basic dye. They are not phagacytic. They are involved in the immune response to worms. Their cell surface has Fc receptors which may be attached to class E antibodies. Abnormal basophil morphology Any structural abnormality or abnormal count of basophils. PMID:24075190 An abnormally reduced number of granulocytes in the blood. MSH:D000380 SNOMEDCT_US:17182001 SNOMEDCT_US:417672002 UMLS:C0001824 Granulocytopenia An abnormally reduced number of granulocytes in the blood. An elevation in the number of reticulocytes (immature erythrocytes) in the peripheral blood circulation. MSH:D045262 SNOMEDCT_US:46049004 UMLS:C0206160 Increased immature red blood cells Increased number of immature red blood cells Increased reticulocyte count Increased reticulocytes Reticulocytosis An elevation in the number of reticulocytes (immature erythrocytes) in the peripheral blood circulation. Increased immature red blood cells Increased number of immature red blood cells An abnormality of the process of blood coagulation. That is, altered ability or inability of the blood to clot. MSH:D001778 MSH:D006474 SNOMEDCT_US:362970003 SNOMEDCT_US:64779008 UMLS:C0005779 UMLS:C0019087 UMLS:C1846821 Abnormal blood coagulation studies Coagulation abnormalities Coagulation abnormality Haemorrhagic disorders Blood coagulation disorder Abnormality of coagulation An abnormality of the process of blood coagulation. That is, altered ability or inability of the blood to clot. Haemorrhagic disorders UMLS:C4021768 Laboratory abnormality Metabolism abnormality Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis Laboratory abnormality Metabolism abnormality Abnormal acid accumulation or depletion of base. MSH:D000138 SNOMEDCT_US:51387008 UMLS:C0001122 When describing acid-base abnormalities, acidosis and alkalosis refer to physiological processes that lower or raise the pH, respectively, while acidemia and alkalemia simply describe the state of an abnormal blood pH. This distinction is important: a patient with acidemia could have both a respiratory and metabolic acidosis as well as a concurrent metabolic alkalosis. Acidosis Abnormal acid accumulation or depletion of base. PMID:24381489 A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood. MSH:D007003 SNOMEDCT_US:237630007 SNOMEDCT_US:271327008 SNOMEDCT_US:302866003 UMLS:C0020615 Hypoglycaemia Low blood sugar Hypoglycemia A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood. Low blood sugar MSH:D003681 SNOMEDCT_US:34095006 UMLS:C0011175 Dehydration Exsiccosis Dehydration Dehydration Body temperature elevated above the normal range. MSH:D005334 SNOMEDCT_US:386661006 SNOMEDCT_US:50177009 UMLS:C0015967 Fever Hyperthermia Pyrexia Fever has been defined as a state of elevated core temperature, which is often, but not necessarily, part of the defensive responses of multicellular organisms (host) to the invasion of live (microorganisms) or inanimate matter recognized as pathogenic or alien by the host. The febrile response (of which fever is a component) is a complex physiologic reaction to disease, involving a cytokine-mediated rise in core temperature, generation of acute phase reactants, and activation of numerous physiologic, endocrinologic, and immunologic systems. The rise in temperature during fever is to be distinguished from that occurring during episodes of hyperthermia. Unlike fever, hyperthermia involves an unregulated rise in body temperature in which pyrogenic cytokines are not directly involved and against which standard antipyretics are ineffective. It represents a failure of thermoregulatory homeostasis, in which there is uncontrolled heat production, inadequate heat dissipation, or defective hypothalamic thermoregulation. Fever Body temperature elevated above the normal range. PMID:9759682 Fever Presence of elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body. MSH:D007662 SNOMEDCT_US:213281004 SNOMEDCT_US:2538008 UMLS:C0022638 UMLS:C0235430 High levels of ketone bodies Hyperketosis Ketone bodies are formed from acetyl-CoA in the liver by ketogenesis when the liver glycogen stores are depleted. Ketone bodies are acidic, and ketoacidosis ensues if the compensatory mechanisms are overloaded. The predominant ketones being acetoacetate, acetone, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Ketosis Presence of elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body. PMID:28278308 High levels of ketone bodies Depletion of acid or accumulation base in the body fluids. MSH:D000471 SNOMEDCT_US:21420006 UMLS:C0002063 When describing acid-base abnormalities, acidosis and alkalosis refer to physiological processes that lower or raise the pH, respectively, while acidemia and alkalemia simply describe the state of an abnormal blood pH. This distinction is important: a patient with acidemia could have both a respiratory and metabolic acidosis as well as a concurrent metabolic alkalosis. Alkalosis Depletion of acid or accumulation base in the body fluids. PMID:24381489 Glucose intolerance (GI) can be defined as dysglycemia that comprises both prediabetes and diabetes. It includes the conditions of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Abnormal glucose tolerance UMLS:C0235401 Glucose intolerance Glucose intolerance Glucose intolerance (GI) can be defined as dysglycemia that comprises both prediabetes and diabetes. It includes the conditions of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). PMID:29763085 Glucose intolerance Obesity located preferentially in the trunk of the body as opposed to the extremities. MSH:D056128 SNOMEDCT_US:248311001 UMLS:C0311277 Centripetal obesity Truncal obesity Truncal obesity Obesity located preferentially in the trunk of the body as opposed to the extremities. Truncal obesity UMLS:C3151525 Small heart Underdeveloped heart Hypoplastic heart Small heart Underdeveloped heart Absence or underdevelopment of the metatarsal bones. UMLS:C1860182 Absent or hypoplastic metatarsal Absent/hypoplastic metacarpals Absent/hypoplastic metatarsals Absent/small long bone of foot Absent/underdeveloped long bone of foot Aplastic/hypoplastic metatarsals Aplasia/Hypoplasia of metatarsal bones Absence or underdevelopment of the metatarsal bones. Absent/small long bone of foot Absent/underdeveloped long bone of foot An abnormal increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood. MSH:D007964 SNOMEDCT_US:111583006 UMLS:C0023518 Elevated white blood count High white blood count Increased blood leukocyte number Leukocytosis An abnormal increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood. Elevated white blood count High white blood count Increased blood leukocyte number Venous or arterial thrombosis (formation of blood clots) of spontaneous nature and which cannot be fully explained by acquired risk (e.g. atherosclerosis). UMLS:C4025731 Abnormal blood clot Abnormal blood clotting Abnormal thrombosis Venous or arterial thrombosis (formation of blood clots) of spontaneous nature and which cannot be fully explained by acquired risk (e.g. atherosclerosis). Abnormal blood clot An increased concentration of ammonia in the blood. MSH:D022124 SNOMEDCT_US:9360008 UMLS:C0220994 High blood ammonia levels Hyperammonemia An increased concentration of ammonia in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti High blood ammonia levels Absence or hypoplasia of toes. UMLS:C3551148 Absent/small toe Absent/underdeveloped toe Aplastic/hypoplastic toe phalanges Absent/hypoplastic toes Aplasia/Hypoplasia of toe Absence or hypoplasia of toes. Absent/small toe Absent/underdeveloped toe Absent/hypoplastic toes Excretion of non-amino organic acids in urine. UMLS:C0241775 Organic aciduria Excretion of non-amino organic acids in urine. An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components. Deformity of face Malformation of face SNOMEDCT_US:248200007 SNOMEDCT_US:32003007 SNOMEDCT_US:398206004 SNOMEDCT_US:398302004 UMLS:C0266617 UMLS:C0424503 UMLS:C1385263 UMLS:C4072832 UMLS:C4072833 Abnormal facial shape Abnormal morphology of the face Distinctive facies Dysmorphic facial features Dysmorphic facies Facial dysmorphism Unusual facial appearance Unusual facies Distortion of face Funny looking face This term now covers many of the historical inexact descriptions such as Bird-like facies that probably should be avoided in modern genetics. This portion of the Ontology should be revised. Abnormal facial shape An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components. Deformity of face Malformation of face Abnormal facial shape Abnormal morphology of the face Dysmorphic facies Facial dysmorphism Unusual facial appearance Distortion of face Funny looking face UMLS:C1839783 UMLS:C4280583 UMLS:C4280584 Increased size of forehead Increased size of frontal region of face Large forehead Hyperplasia of forehead Hypertrophy of forehead Large forehead Increased size of forehead Increased size of frontal region of face Large forehead Hyperplasia of forehead Hypertrophy of forehead A structural abnormality of the central nervous system. MSH:D002493 SNOMEDCT_US:23853001 UMLS:C0007682 UMLS:C4021765 Abnormality of the central nervous system Morphological abnormality of the CNS Morphological abnormality of the central nervous system Central nervous system disease Morphological central nervous system abnormality A structural abnormality of the central nervous system. Morphological abnormality of the CNS An abnormality of the viscera of the abdomen. UMLS:C4021764 Abnormality of the abdominal organs Gastrointestinal tract defects The abdominal organs comprise the stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, bile tract, and spleen. Abnormality of the abdominal organs An abnormality of the viscera of the abdomen. Abnormality of the abdominal organs Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day. MSH:D003967 SNOMEDCT_US:267060006 SNOMEDCT_US:62315008 UMLS:C0011991 Diarrhea Diarrhoea Watery stool Diarrhea Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day. Diarrhea Diarrhoea Watery stool Impaired ability to absorb one or more nutrients from the intestine. UMLS:C3714745 Intestinal malabsorption Malabsorption Malabsorption Impaired ability to absorb one or more nutrients from the intestine. Intestinal malabsorption Malabsorption A structural abnormality of the esophagus. SNOMEDCT_US:69771008 UMLS:C0266126 Abnormal oesophagus morphology Abnormality of esophagus structure Abnormality of oesophagus structure Anomaly of the esophagus Anomaly of the oesophagus Abnormal esophagus morphology A structural abnormality of the esophagus. Abnormal oesophagus morphology Abnormality of esophagus structure Abnormality of oesophagus structure Anomaly of the oesophagus An abnormaltiy of the rectum, the final segment of the large intestine that stores solid waste until it passes through the anus. SNOMEDCT_US:86993003 UMLS:C0266210 Abnormality of the rectum Anomaly of the rectum Abnormal rectum morphology An abnormaltiy of the rectum, the final segment of the large intestine that stores solid waste until it passes through the anus. Abnormality of the rectum Anomaly of the rectum Inflammation, or an inflammatory state in the large intestine. MSH:D015212 SNOMEDCT_US:24526004 SNOMEDCT_US:302168000 UMLS:C0021390 UMLS:C0578878 Inflammation of the large intestine Inflammatory bowel disease Inflammation of the large intestine Inflammation of the large intestine Inflammatory bowel disease Atrophy of the cortex of the kidney. UMLS:C4025730 Renal cortical atrophy Atrophy of the cortex of the kidney. Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum. SNOMEDCT_US:278849000 SNOMEDCT_US:418143002 SNOMEDCT_US:52522001 UMLS:C0154671 UMLS:C0235946 UMLS:C4020860 Degeneration of cerebrum Supratentorial atrophy Atrophy may be progressive over time. Cerebral atrophy Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum. Degeneration of cerebrum Any structural abnormality of the telencephalon, which is also known as the cerebrum. UMLS:C4021762 Abnormality of the cerebrum Abnormality of the telencephalon Cerebral lesion Abnormal cerebral morphology Any structural abnormality of the telencephalon, which is also known as the cerebrum. A kind of ataxia that affects movements of the extremities. MSH:D001259 UMLS:C0750937 Appendicular ataxia Limb ataxia is generally caused by lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres and associated pathways. Limb ataxia A kind of ataxia that affects movements of the extremities. Truncal ataxia is a sign of ataxia characterized by instability of the trunk. It usually occurs during sitting. MSH:D001259 SNOMEDCT_US:250067008 UMLS:C0427190 Instability or lack of coordination of central trunk muscles Trunk ataxia Truncal ataxia is generally caused by midline damage to the cerebellar vermis and associated pathways. Patients with truncal ataxia may not be able to sit or stand without support. Truncal ataxia Truncal ataxia is a sign of ataxia characterized by instability of the trunk. It usually occurs during sitting. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UKT_rschuele Instability or lack of coordination of central trunk muscles An abnormality of the respiratory system, which include the airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. UMLS:C4018871 Respiratory abnormality Abnormality of the respiratory system An abnormality of the respiratory system, which include the airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. An abnormality of the upper respiratory tract. UMLS:C4025727 Abnormality of the upper respiratory tract Upper respiratory tract issues Abnormality of the upper respiratory tract An abnormality of the upper respiratory tract. Abnormality of the upper respiratory tract Upper respiratory tract issues Any structural anomaly of the lung. MSH:D008171 SNOMEDCT_US:19829001 UMLS:C0024115 UMLS:C4021760 Abnormality of lung structure Abnormality of the lungs Abnormally shaped lung Unusal lung shape Lung disease Abnormal lung morphology Any structural anomaly of the lung. Abnormality of lung structure Abnormality of the lungs Abnormally shaped lung Unusal lung shape Lung disease SNOMEDCT_US:80825009 UMLS:C0265783 Hypoplastic lung Hypoplastic lungs Lung hypoplasia Poorly developed lungs Small lung Underdeveloped lung Pulmonary hypoplasia Poorly developed lungs Small lung Underdeveloped lung Inflammation of any part of the lung parenchyma. MSH:D011014 SNOMEDCT_US:233604007 UMLS:C0032285 Pneumonia Pneumonia Inflammation of any part of the lung parenchyma. Pneumonia Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position. MSH:D006976 MSH:D065627 SNOMEDCT_US:11399002 SNOMEDCT_US:697898008 SNOMEDCT_US:70995007 UMLS:C0020542 UMLS:C2973725 UMLS:C3203102 Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs Pulmonary artery hypertension Primary pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary hypertension can be secondary to known cardiac, pulmonary, or hepatic disease. If no cause is identifiable, the term primary pulmonary hypertension is used. Pulmonary arterial hypertension Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position. Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs Primary pulmonary hypertension MSH:D011656 SNOMEDCT_US:87433001 UMLS:C0034067 Pulmonary emphysema Emphysema An abnormality of the pulmonary pleura, the thin, transparent membrane which covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest walls. UMLS:C4025726 Abnormality of the pleura Abnormal pleura morphology An abnormality of the pulmonary pleura, the thin, transparent membrane which covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest walls. Lack of breathing with no movement of the respiratory muscles and no exchange of air in the lungs. This term refers to a disposition to have recurrent episodes of apnea rather than to a single event. MSH:D001049 SNOMEDCT_US:1023001 SNOMEDCT_US:248583008 UMLS:C0003578 Absence of spontaneous respiration Apneic episodes Apnoea Apnea Lack of breathing with no movement of the respiratory muscles and no exchange of air in the lungs. This term refers to a disposition to have recurrent episodes of apnea rather than to a single event. Any structural abnormality of the cerebral ventricles. UMLS:C4025724 Abnormality of the cerebral ventricles Abnormal cerebral ventricle morphology Any structural abnormality of the cerebral ventricles. An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain. UMLS:C3278923 Cerebral ventricular dilatation Dilated cerebral ventricle Dilated cerebral ventricles Dilated ventricles Enlarged cerebral ventricles Enlarged ventricles Enlarged ventricular system Large cerebral ventricles and cisternae Ventricular dilatation Ventriculomegaly An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain. Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum. SNOMEDCT_US:278849000 UMLS:C0235946 Cerebral cortex atrophy Cortical atrophy Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells Cortical atrophy is a finding that can be demonstrated by computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral cortical atrophy Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum. Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells A structural abnormality of the spinal cord (myelon). MSH:D013118 SNOMEDCT_US:48522003 UMLS:C0037928 UMLS:C4025722 Abnormality of the spinal cord Spinal cord disease Spinal cord pathology Abnormal spinal cord morphology A structural abnormality of the spinal cord (myelon). Abnormality of the spinal cord Spinal cord disease An abnormally decreased phosphate concentration in the blood. MSH:D017674 SNOMEDCT_US:4996001 UMLS:C0085682 Hypophosphataemia Low blood phosphate level Hypophosphatemia An abnormally decreased phosphate concentration in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Low blood phosphate level MSH:D053565 SNOMEDCT_US:71938000 UMLS:C0020438 Elevated urine calcium levels Hypercalcinuria Hypercalciuria Elevated urine calcium levels An increased concentration of proteins in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:37064009 UMLS:C0267988 Hyperproteinemia An increased concentration of proteins in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti An abnormally increased potassium concentration in the blood. MSH:D006947 SNOMEDCT_US:14140009 SNOMEDCT_US:166689004 SNOMEDCT_US:238142003 UMLS:C0020461 Elevated serum potassium levels Hyperkalemia An abnormally increased potassium concentration in the blood. Elevated serum potassium levels An elevated concentration of glycine in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:64654004 UMLS:C0268559 Elevated blood glycine levels Hyperglycinaemia Normal blood glycine levels are around 200-250 micromole per liter. Hyperglycinemia An elevated concentration of glycine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti PMID:16902722 PMID:4696900 Elevated blood glycine levels An abnormal increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood. UMLS:C1522137 Increased circulating Tg levels Increased plasma Tg levels Increased plasma triglycerides Increased serum triglycerides Increased triglycerides Hypertriglyceridemia An abnormal increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood. Increased circulating Tg levels Increased plasma Tg levels Increased plasma triglycerides Increased serum triglycerides Increased triglycerides An increased concentration of nitrogen compounds in the blood. MSH:D053099 SNOMEDCT_US:445009001 UMLS:C0242528 Azotaemia Abnormal levels of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea and creatinine. Azotemia An increased concentration of nitrogen compounds in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti An increased concentration of lysine in the blood. MSH:D020167 SNOMEDCT_US:58558003 UMLS:C0268553 Elevated blood lysine Normal blood lysine levels are around 180-200 micromole per liter. Hyperlysinemia An increased concentration of lysine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti PMID:4696900 Elevated blood lysine Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue. MSH:D009410 MSH:D019636 UMLS:C0027746 UMLS:C0524851 UMLS:C4020854 Ongoing loss of nerve cells Neuro-degenerative disease Neurodegenerative disease Progressive neurodegenerative disorder Neurodegeneration Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue. Ongoing loss of nerve cells An embolus (that is, an abnormal particle circulating in the blood) located in the pulmonary artery and thereby blocking blood circulation to the lung. Usually the embolus is a blood clot that has developed in an extremity (for instance, a deep venous thrombosis), detached, and traveled through the circulation before becoming trapped in the pulmonary artery. MSH:D011655 SNOMEDCT_US:59282003 UMLS:C0034065 Blood clot in artery of lung Pulmonary embolism Blood clot in artery of lung Excessive, increased hair growth located in the facial region. MSH:C565029 UMLS:C1851400 Increased facial hair growth Facial hypertrichosis Increased facial hair growth Absence of axillary hair. UMLS:C1859392 Absent axillary hair Absence of axillary hair. Hemorrhage affecting the gastrointestinal tract. MSH:D006471 SNOMEDCT_US:74474003 UMLS:C0017181 GI haemorrhage GI hemorrhage Gastrointestinal bleeding Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Hemorrhage affecting the gastrointestinal tract. GI haemorrhage GI hemorrhage Gastrointestinal bleeding Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Abnormally increased size of the liver. MSH:D006529 SNOMEDCT_US:80515008 UMLS:C0019209 Enlarged liver Hepatomegaly Abnormally increased size of the liver. Enlarged liver An abnormality of the intestine. The closely related term enteropathy is used to refer to any disease of the intestine. MSH:D007410 SNOMEDCT_US:85919009 UMLS:C0021831 Abnormality of the intestine Enteropathy Abnormal intestine morphology An abnormality of the intestine. The closely related term enteropathy is used to refer to any disease of the intestine. Abnormality of the intestine A structural abnormality of the small intestine. UMLS:C4025717 Abnormality of the small intestine Abnormal small intestine morphology A structural abnormality of the small intestine. Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum located in the distal ileum. MEDDRA:10027055 MSH:D008467 SNOMEDCT_US:127962001 SNOMEDCT_US:37373007 UMLS:C0025037 Meckel diverticulum Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum located in the distal ileum. MEDDRA:10027055 Meckel's diverticulum An abnormality of the duodenum, i.e., the first section of the small intestine. UMLS:C4025716 Abnormality of the duodenum Abnormal duodenum morphology An abnormality of the duodenum, i.e., the first section of the small intestine. The passage of blackish, tarry feces associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Melena occurs if the blood remains in the colon long enough for it to be broken down by colonic bacteria. One degradation product, hematin, imbues the stool with a blackish color. Thus, melena generally occurs with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (e.g., stomach ulcers or duodenal ulcers), since the blood usually remains in the gut for a longer period of time than with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. MSH:D008551 SNOMEDCT_US:249627005 SNOMEDCT_US:267055007 SNOMEDCT_US:269899009 SNOMEDCT_US:2901004 SNOMEDCT_US:35064005 UMLS:C0025222 UMLS:C0474585 Black faeces Black feces Melena The passage of blackish, tarry feces associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Melena occurs if the blood remains in the colon long enough for it to be broken down by colonic bacteria. One degradation product, hematin, imbues the stool with a blackish color. Thus, melena generally occurs with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (e.g., stomach ulcers or duodenal ulcers), since the blood usually remains in the gut for a longer period of time than with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Black faeces Black feces Any abnormality of the large intestine. UMLS:C4025715 Abnormality of the large intestine The large intestine comprises the cecum and colon. Abnormal large intestine morphology Any abnormality of the large intestine. Abnormality of the large intestine An abnormality of the autonomic nervous system. UMLS:C4025714 The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls visceral functions such as heart rate and digestion and functions largely below the level of consciousness. Abnormality of the autonomic nervous system An abnormality of the autonomic nervous system. SNOMEDCT_US:297991008 UMLS:C0574763 Absent hair Absent hair Absent hair Inability to initiate changes in activity or movement and to perform ordinary volitional movements rapidly and easily. SNOMEDCT_US:33994004 UMLS:C0085623 Akinesia is a typical extrapyramidal abnormality. Akinesia Inability to initiate changes in activity or movement and to perform ordinary volitional movements rapidly and easily. An anomaly of the brainstem. UMLS:C1850601 Abnormal shape of brainstem Abnormality of brainstem morphology Abnormality of the brainstem Abnormal brainstem morphology An anomaly of the brainstem. Abnormal shape of brainstem Underdevelopment of the brainstem. UMLS:C1842688 Brainstem hypoplasia Hypoplastic brain stem Hypoplastic brainstem Small brainstem Underdeveloped brainstem This finding can be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. Hypoplasia of the brainstem Underdevelopment of the brainstem. Small brainstem Underdeveloped brainstem UMLS:C4025710 Diminished movement Diminished movement Diminished movement Abnormally diminished motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. The typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency. MSH:D018476 SNOMEDCT_US:255385008 SNOMEDCT_US:43994002 UMLS:C0086439 Decreased muscle movement Decreased spontaneous movement Decreased spontaneous movements Hypokinesia Abnormally diminished motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. The typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency. Decreased muscle movement Decreased spontaneous movement Decreased spontaneous movements UMLS:C1836696 Brisk lower extremity reflexes Hyperreflexia in lower limbs Hyperreflexia in the lower limbs Increased deep tendon reflexes in the lower limbs Leg hyperreflexia Overactive lower leg reflex Lower limb hyperreflexia Overactive lower leg reflex UMLS:C1843505 Anterior horn cell loss Degeneration of alpha-motor neurons in anterior horn cells of the spinal cord Degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn cells Loss of spinal cord anterior horn cells Progressive loss of anterior horn cells Spinal cord anterior horn cell degeneration Degeneration of anterior horn cells An abnormality of the midbrain, which has as its parts the tectum, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum and cerebral aqueduct. UMLS:C4021755 Abnormal shape of midbrain Abnormality of midbrain morphology Abnormality of the mesencephalon Abnormality of the midbrain Abnormal midbrain morphology An abnormality of the midbrain, which has as its parts the tectum, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum and cerebral aqueduct. Abnormal shape of midbrain Abnormality of the midbrain UMLS:C4025708 Cerebellar malformation Any structural anomaly that affects the motor neuron. UMLS:C4025707 Abnormal shape of motor neuron Abnormal motor neuron morphology Abnormal shape of motor neuron Reduced size of the cerebral cortex. UMLS:C1837503 Decreased volume of cerebral cortex Small cerebral cortex Reduced size of the cerebral cortex. The presence of calcium deposition within the cerebrum. SNOMEDCT_US:17944005 UMLS:C0270685 Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain This finding can be demonstrated upon cerebral computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or potentially by standard radiography of the skull. The cerebrum is the largest of the five major components of the brain, which comprise the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus. Cerebral calcification The presence of calcium deposition within the cerebrum. Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain Inability to elicit tendon reflexes in the lower limbs. UMLS:C1856694 Absent lower limb tendon reflexes Areflexia in lower limbs Areflexia of the lower limbs Areflexia, lower limbs Areflexia of lower limbs Inability to elicit tendon reflexes in the lower limbs. UMLS:C1850496 Loss of brain cells Neuronal loss Neuronal loss in CNS This finding can be demonstrated by neuropathology. Neuronal loss in central nervous system Loss of brain cells Neuronal loss in CNS Any structural abnormality of the cerebral cortex. UMLS:C4025701 Abnormality of the cerebral cortex The cerebral cortex constitutes more than half the volume of the human brain and is presumed to be responsible for the neuronal computations underlying complex phenomena, such as perception, thought, language, attention, episodic memory and voluntary movement. Abnormal cerebral cortex morphology Any structural abnormality of the cerebral cortex. PMID:31373394 The presence of developmental dysplasia of the cerebral cortex. MSH:D054220 SNOMEDCT_US:253153000 UMLS:C0431380 Neocortical dysplasia Cortical dysplasia The presence of developmental dysplasia of the cerebral cortex. Absence of facial hair. UMLS:C1848192 Absent facial hair Absent facial hair Absence of facial hair. Absent facial hair Developmental dysplasia of the hair. UMLS:C4020850 UMLS:C4025700 Generalised trichodysplasia Generalized trichodysplasia Trichodysplasia Developmental dysplasia of the hair. Generalised trichodysplasia Underdevelopment of the nipple. SNOMEDCT_US:268290005 UMLS:C0432355 Nipple hypoplasia Small nipples Hypoplastic nipples Underdevelopment of the nipple. Small nipples Presence of more than two nipples. Fyler:4234 MSH:C562557 SNOMEDCT_US:50956007 UMLS:C0266011 Accessory nipple Increased nipple number accessory mamilla Accessory nipples Supernumerary nipples accessory mamillas Supernumerary nipple Presence of more than two nipples. Accessory nipple Increased nipple number Accessory nipples Congenital failure to develop, and absence of, the nipple. SNOMEDCT_US:248820000 UMLS:C0425795 Absent nipple Absent nipples Athelia This finding can be unilateral or bilateral. Absent nipple Absent nipple Absent nipples Placement of the nipples at a lower than normal location. UMLS:C1836933 Low-set nipples Low-set nipples Placement of the nipples at a lower than normal location. Low-set nipples Greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces. This is a result of malabsorption of lipids in the small intestine and results in frothy foul-smelling fecal matter that floats. MSH:D045602 SNOMEDCT_US:27868004 SNOMEDCT_US:66187002 UMLS:C0038238 Fat in faeces Fat in feces Fatty stool Greasy stools Steatorrhea Greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces. This is a result of malabsorption of lipids in the small intestine and results in frothy foul-smelling fecal matter that floats. Fat in faeces Fat in feces Greasy stools An abnormality of the stomach. UMLS:C4025699 Abnormality of the stomach The stomach is the hollow, muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract between the esophagus and the small intestine. Abnormal stomach morphology An abnormality of the stomach. Abnormal intestinal contractions, such as spasms and intestinal paralysis, related to the loss of the ability of the gut to coordinate muscular activity because of endogenous or exogenous causes. UMLS:C1836923 GI dysmotility Gastrointestinal dysmotility Abnormal intestinal contractions, such as spasms and intestinal paralysis, related to the loss of the ability of the gut to coordinate muscular activity because of endogenous or exogenous causes. GI dysmotility Colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, cecum and rectum). Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, and broadly fit into the category of digestive diseases. MSH:D003092 SNOMEDCT_US:64226004 UMLS:C0009319 Colitis Colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, cecum and rectum). Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, and broadly fit into the category of digestive diseases. An abnormality of the peritoneum. UMLS:C4025698 Abnormality of the peritoneum The peritoneum is the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. Abnormal peritoneum morphology An abnormality of the peritoneum. Inflammation of the peritoneum. MSH:D010538 SNOMEDCT_US:48661000 UMLS:C0031154 Inflammation of the peritoneum Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum. Hypoplasia of the pancreas. SNOMEDCT_US:68591005 UMLS:C0266267 Hypoplastic pancreas Underdeveloped pancreas Hypoplasia is defined in MPATH as resulting in a small organ or structure owing to failure to develop to normal size. Pancreatic hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the pancreas. Underdeveloped pancreas An abnormality of the vasculature. UMLS:C0241657 Abnormality of blood vessels Abnormality of the vasculature Vascular abnormalities Abnormality of the vasculature An abnormality of the vasculature. Abnormality of blood vessels Abnormality of the vasculature Vascular abnormalities Reduced intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in the lower limbs. Reflexes are elicited by stretching the tendon of a muscle, e.g., by tapping. UMLS:C1834696 Hyporeflexia in lower limbs Hyporeflexia of the lower limbs Hyporeflexia, lower limbs Hyporeflexia/areflexia in lower limbs Reflexes are sensorimotor arcs that require some type of sensory (afferent) signal, and some motor response. While the simplest of reflexes involve direct synapse between the sensory fiber and the motor neuron (monosynaptic), many reflexes have several neurons interposed (polysynaptic reflexes). Hyporeflexia can result from a defect anywhere in this chain. Hyporeflexia of lower limbs Reduced intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in the lower limbs. Reflexes are elicited by stretching the tendon of a muscle, e.g., by tapping. Low Blood Pressure, vascular hypotension. MSH:D007022 SNOMEDCT_US:45007003 UMLS:C0020649 Arterial hypotension Low blood pressure Hypotension Low Blood Pressure, vascular hypotension. Low blood pressure Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of an atery, vein or the heart. Fyler:2399 MSH:D000783 SNOMEDCT_US:432119003 SNOMEDCT_US:85659009 UMLS:C0002940 UMLS:C4020848 Aneurysmal dilatation Wider than typical opening or gap Aneurysm Aneurysms Aneurysmal disease Aneurysm is considered a severe form of dilatation. Vascular dilatation Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of an atery, vein or the heart. PMID:30225143 Aneurysmal dilatation Wider than typical opening or gap Aneurysm Aneurysms Aneurysmal disease An anomaly of vein. UMLS:C0241665 Abnormal vein Venous abnormality Abnormal venous morphology An anomaly of vein. Abnormal vein Abnormality of the absorption of fat from the gastrointestinal tract. SNOMEDCT_US:197494007 UMLS:C0554103 Fat malabsorption Abnormality of the absorption of fat from the gastrointestinal tract. An abnormality of the bony pelvic girdle, which is a ring of bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs. UMLS:C4020847 Abnormal shape of pelvic girdle bone Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology Abnormality of the pelvic girdle Abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology An abnormality of the bony pelvic girdle, which is a ring of bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs. Abnormal shape of pelvic girdle bone A general term describing features characterized by abnormal development of bones and connective tissues. Abnormal skeletal development MSH:D010009 SNOMEDCT_US:105985007 SNOMEDCT_US:240190009 UMLS:C0029422 UMLS:C4280567 The word skeletal dysplasia is most often used to describe a group of over 380 inherited conditions that involve abnormal development of bones and connective tissues. However, the word can also be used to describe the presence of congenital defects of bones or connective tissues that are found in one or more of the diseases, especially on prenatal ultrasound, i.e., a situation in which it is often not yet possible to make an exact etiological diagnosis. This is the sense of the phrase we use in the HPO. It is, however, preferable to annotate the observed abnormalities. Skeletal dysplasia A general term describing features characterized by abnormal development of bones and connective tissues. Abnormal skeletal development MSH:D010009 SNOMEDCT_US:59708000 UMLS:C0026760 Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia Abnormal development of end part of bone SNOMEDCT_US:254080004 UMLS:C0392476 UMLS:C4280566 Abnormal development of the ends of long bones in arms and legs Epiphyseal dysplasia Abnormal development of end part of bone Abnormal development of the ends of long bones in arms and legs UMLS:C1865200 UMLS:C4280565 Delayed epiphyseal maturation Delayed opacification of the epiphyses Epiphyseal ossification delay Delayed maturation of end part of long bone Delayed epiphyseal ossification Delayed maturation of end part of long bone An organ or organ-system abnormality that consists of uncontrolled autonomous cell-proliferation which can occur in any part of the body as a benign or malignant neoplasm (tumor). Abnormal tissue mass MSH:D009369 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:108369006 SNOMEDCT_US:363346000 UMLS:C0006826 UMLS:C0027651 Neoplasia Oncological abnormality Tumor Tumour Cancer Oncology The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies neoplasms into four main groups: (i) benign neoplasm, (ii) in situ neoplasm, (iii) malignant neoplasm, and (iv) neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior. A malignant neoplasm is also known as cancer. Neoplasm An organ or organ-system abnormality that consists of uncontrolled autonomous cell-proliferation which can occur in any part of the body as a benign or malignant neoplasm (tumor). Abnormal tissue mass Cancer Oncology An abnormal narrowing of the foramen magnum. SNOMEDCT_US:444879009 UMLS:C1535953 UMLS:C1861217 UMLS:C4072838 Foramen magnum stenosis Little foramen magnum Narrow foramen magnum Hypoplasia of foramen magnum Stenosis of foramen magnum The foramen magnum is the aperture through which the medulla oblongata enters and exits the skull. Stenosis of the foramen magnum can represent a risk for compression to the spinal cord. Small foramen magnum An abnormal narrowing of the foramen magnum. Little foramen magnum Narrow foramen magnum Hypoplasia of foramen magnum Stenosis of foramen magnum Abnormality of the morphology (structure) of the calvaria (skullcap), that is, of that part of the skull that is made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bones and covers the cranial cavity that contains the brain. Abnormality of cranium UMLS:C4025691 UMLS:C4280561 Abnormality of calvarium Abnormality of cranial vault Abnormality of the calvaria Abnormality of the shape of calvarium Abnormality of the skull cap Abnormality of the skullcap The calvaria, or skull cap, is the upper part of the skull (cranium) and comprises the frontal, occipital and right and left parietal bones. Occasionally, calvaria is misspelled as 'calvarium' in the medical literature. Abnormal calvaria morphology Abnormality of the morphology (structure) of the calvaria (skullcap), that is, of that part of the skull that is made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bones and covers the cranial cavity that contains the brain. Abnormality of cranium Abnormality of calvarium Abnormality of cranial vault Abnormality of the skull cap Abnormality of the skullcap Hypoplasia of facial skeleton Small facial bones Small facial skeleton Underdevelopment of facial bones Underdevelopment of facial skeleton UMLS:C1846438 UMLS:C4229090 UMLS:C4280268 UMLS:C4280557 UMLS:C4280558 Decreased size of facial bones Decreased size of facial skeleton Flattening of facial bones Flattening of facial skeleton Hypotrophic facial bones Hypotrophic facial skeleton Hypoplastic facial bones Hypoplasia of facial skeleton Small facial bones Small facial skeleton Underdevelopment of facial bones Underdevelopment of facial skeleton Decreased size of facial bones Decreased size of facial skeleton Flattening of facial bones Flattening of facial skeleton Hypotrophic facial bones Hypotrophic facial skeleton An abnormality of the base of the skull, which forms the floor of the cranial cavity and separates the brain from other facial structures. The skull base is made up of five bones: the ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, paired frontal, and paired parietal bones, and is subdivided into 3 regions: the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae. The petro-occipital fissure subdivides the middle cranial fossa into 1 central component and 2 lateral components. UMLS:C4025688 Abnormality of cranial base Abnormality of the skull base Abnormal skull base morphology An abnormality of the base of the skull, which forms the floor of the cranial cavity and separates the brain from other facial structures. The skull base is made up of five bones: the ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, paired frontal, and paired parietal bones, and is subdivided into 3 regions: the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae. The petro-occipital fissure subdivides the middle cranial fossa into 1 central component and 2 lateral components. Abnormality of cranial base Abnormality of the skull base Increased bone density of the skull base without significant changes in bony contour. UMLS:C1851714 UMLS:C4072847 UMLS:C4072848 Dense bone of skull base Hyperossification of skull base Hyperostosis of skull base Marked sclerosis of skull base Sclerosis of cranial base Sclerosis of the skull base Sclerotic skull base HyperCalcification of skull base HyperMineralization of skull base Sclerosis of skull base Increased bone density of the skull base without significant changes in bony contour. Dense bone of skull base Hyperossification of skull base Hyperostosis of skull base Sclerosis of cranial base HyperCalcification of skull base HyperMineralization of skull base Any abnormality of the foramen magnum. UMLS:C4025687 Abnormality of the foramen magnum The foramen magnum is the aperture through which the medulla oblongata enters and exits the skull. Abnormal foramen magnum morphology Any abnormality of the foramen magnum. An abnormal increase in the size of the foramen magnum. UMLS:C1844508 UMLS:C4073291 UMLS:C4280554 UMLS:C4280555 Big foramen magnum Dilation of foramen magnum Enlarged foramen magnum Wide foramen magnum Increased circumference of foramen magnum Increased diameter of foramen magnum Large foramen magnum An abnormal increase in the size of the foramen magnum. Big foramen magnum Dilation of foramen magnum Wide foramen magnum Increased circumference of foramen magnum Increased diameter of foramen magnum An abnormality of the process of ossification of the skull. Abnormality of skull bone formation UMLS:C4025686 UMLS:C4280550 UMLS:C4280551 UMLS:C4280552 UMLS:C4280553 Abnormality of ossification of calvarium Abnormality of ossification of cranium Abnormality of bone calcification of calvarium Abnormality of bone calcification of cranium Abnormality of bone calcification of skull Abnormality of bone formation of calvarium Abnormality of bone formation of cranium Abnormality of bone mineralization of calvarium Abnormality of bone mineralization of cranium Abnormality of bone mineralization of skull The bones of the skull derive directly from mesenchyme cells by intramembranous ossification. Abnormality of skull ossification An abnormality of the process of ossification of the skull. Abnormality of skull bone formation Abnormality of ossification of calvarium Abnormality of ossification of cranium Abnormality of bone calcification of calvarium Abnormality of bone calcification of cranium Abnormality of bone calcification of skull Abnormality of bone formation of calvarium Abnormality of bone formation of cranium Abnormality of bone mineralization of calvarium Abnormality of bone mineralization of cranium Abnormality of bone mineralization of skull An abnormality of the immune system. UMLS:C4021753 Abnormality of the immune system Immunological abnormality The immune system is composed of organs and interdependent cell types that collectively protect the body from infections and from the growth of tumor cells. The organs of the immune system comprise the bone marrow, the spleen, the thymus,the lymph nodes, and the cell types comprise B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes,dendritic cells, and macrophages. Abnormality of the immune system An abnormality of the immune system. Abnormality of the immune system Immunological abnormality UMLS:C4025685 Cortisol is the main member of the glucocorticoid family in humans and together with aldosterone is one of the main secretions of the adrenal cortex. Adrenal overactivity Increased susceptibility to infections. UMLS:C0239998 Frequent infections Frequent, severe infections Increased frequency of infection Predisposition to infections Recurrent infections Susceptibility to infection infections, recurrent Recurrent infections Increased susceptibility to infections. Frequent infections Frequent, severe infections Increased frequency of infection Predisposition to infections Recurrent infections Susceptibility to infection infections, recurrent Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance. MSH:D007153 SNOMEDCT_US:234532001 UMLS:C0021051 Decreased immune function Immune deficiency Immunodeficiency Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance. PMID:20042227 Decreased immune function Underdevelopment of the lymph nodes. UMLS:C1865377 UMLS:C4025683 Small lymph nodes Lymph node hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the lymph nodes. Small lymph nodes A structural lymph node abnormality. UMLS:C0149727 Abnormal lymph node histology Abnormality of the lymph nodes Abnormal lymph node morphology A structural lymph node abnormality. Abnormal lymph node histology Abnormality of the lymph nodes Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process accompanied by bone destruction and caused by an infecting microorganism. MSH:D010019 SNOMEDCT_US:111253001 SNOMEDCT_US:60168000 UMLS:C0029443 UMLS:C2242472 Bone infection Osteomyelitis can be acute or chronic and can be caused by a variety of microbial agents. Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process accompanied by bone destruction and caused by an infecting microorganism. PMID:15276398 Bone infection Any morphological abnormality of cartilage. UMLS:C4025680 Abnormal shape of cartilage Abnormality of cartilage morphology Abnormal cartilage morphology Any morphological abnormality of cartilage. Abnormal shape of cartilage UMLS:C3277114 Relatively short spine Relatively short spine Relatively short spine A structural anomaly of the trachea. MSH:D014133 SNOMEDCT_US:47125007 UMLS:C0040580 UMLS:C4025678 Abnormal trachea morphology Abnormality of the trachea Tracheal disease Abnormal tracheal morphology A structural anomaly of the trachea. Calcification (abnormal deposits of calcium) in the tracheal tissues. SNOMEDCT_US:81089005 UMLS:C0264324 Calcification of the trachea Tracheal calcifications Tracheal ectopic calcification Tracheal calcification Calcification (abnormal deposits of calcium) in the tracheal tissues. PMID:18663210 Tracheal calcifications An anomaly of the rhythm or depth of breathing. UMLS:C1837388 Abnormal pattern of respiration Abnormal respiratory patterns Unusual breathing patterns Abnormal pattern of respiration An anomaly of the rhythm or depth of breathing. Abnormal pattern of respiration Abnormal respiratory patterns Unusual breathing patterns Fyler:4200 UMLS:C4025677 Abnormal respiration Functional respiratory abnormality Impaired pulmonary function Respiratory problem Abnormal respiratory system physiology Abnormal respiration Functional respiratory abnormality Respiratory problem Any abnormality of bones of the arms or legs. UMLS:C4082761 Abnormal shape of limb bone Abnormality of limb bone morphology Arm and/or leg bone differences Limb abnormality Abnormal limb bone morphology Any abnormality of bones of the arms or legs. Abnormal shape of limb bone Arm and/or leg bone differences Limb abnormality An abnormality of the leg. SNOMEDCT_US:449715001 UMLS:C1096086 Abnormality of the leg Abnormality of the lower limb Lower limb deformities Abnormality of the lower limb An abnormality of the leg. Abnormality of the lower limb Lower limb deformities An abnormality of the knee joint or surrounding structures. UMLS:C4025676 Abnormality of the knee Abnormality of the knee An abnormality of the knee joint or surrounding structures. Abnormality of the knee An abnormality of the arm. UMLS:C4020900 Abnormality of the arm Abnormality of the upper limb Abnormality of the upper limb An abnormality of the arm. Abnormality of the upper limb Any anomaly of the structure of the femur. UMLS:C4021750 Abnormality of femur morphology Abnormality of the femora Abnormality of the thighbone The femur (plural: femora) is the thigh bone. Abnormal femur morphology Any anomaly of the structure of the femur. Abnormality of the thighbone Inflammation of a lymph node. MSH:D008199 SNOMEDCT_US:19471005 UMLS:C0024205 Inflammation of the lymph nodes Lymphadenitis Inflammation of a lymph node. Inflammation of the lymph nodes An abnormality of T cells. UMLS:C1855752 Abnormal T cells Abnormality of T cells Cellular immune defect Defective cellular immunity T-cells are lymphocytes whose principle function in the adaptive immune system is to mediate cell-mediated immunity. Abnormal T cell morphology An abnormality of T cells. Abnormal T cells A structural abnormality of B cells. UMLS:C4021748 Abnormal B cells Abnormality of B cells B cells are bursal or bone marrow-derived lymphocytes whose principle function in the adaptive immune system is to make antibodies against antigens. A simple definition of B lymphocytes is a population of cells that express clonally diverse cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors recognizing specific antigenic epitopes. Over 10 B cell-specific cell surface molecules have been identified by monoclonal antibodies, including CD19, which is considered a pan-B cell and possibly follicular dendritic cell marker, and CD20, which is considered to be a marker for mature B cells. Abnormal B cell morphology A structural abnormality of B cells. PMID:18725575 Abnormal B cells An abnormality of the ilium, the largest and uppermost bone of the pelvis. UMLS:C4021746 Abnormality of the ilium Iliac abnormalities Abnormal ilium morphology An abnormality of the ilium, the largest and uppermost bone of the pelvis. A kind of neoplasm of the liver that originates from immature liver precursor cells and macroscopically is composed of tissue resembling fetal or mature liver cells or bile ducts. MSH:D018197 NCIT:C3728 SNOMEDCT_US:109843000 SNOMEDCT_US:45024009 UMLS:C0206624 Hepatoblastoma occurs nearly exclusively in infants and children. Hepatoblastoma A kind of neoplasm of the liver that originates from immature liver precursor cells and macroscopically is composed of tissue resembling fetal or mature liver cells or bile ducts. eMedicine:986802 A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the liver. MSH:D008113 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126851005 SNOMEDCT_US:93870000 UMLS:C0023903 UMLS:C0345904 Liver cancer Liver tumor Liver tumour Neoplasm of the liver A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the liver. Liver cancer Liver tumor Liver tumour MSH:D009373 UMLS:C0027654 Embryonal neoplasia Embryonal tumors Embryonal tumours Embryonal neoplasm Embryonal tumours An abnormally decreased potassium concentration in the blood. MSH:D007008 SNOMEDCT_US:166690008 SNOMEDCT_US:43339004 UMLS:C0020621 Low blood potassium levels Hypokalemia An abnormally decreased potassium concentration in the blood. Low blood potassium levels An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the blood. MSH:D006996 SNOMEDCT_US:5291005 UMLS:C0020598 Hypocalcaemia Low blood calcium levels Hypocalcemia An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the blood. Low blood calcium levels An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood. MSH:D007010 SNOMEDCT_US:89627008 UMLS:C0020625 Low blood sodium levels Hyponatremia An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood. Low blood sodium levels An increased amount of bilirubin in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:26165005 UMLS:C0311468 High blood bilirubin levels Hyperbilirubinemia An increased amount of bilirubin in the blood. High blood bilirubin levels An abnormally increased phosphate concentration in the blood. MSH:D054559 SNOMEDCT_US:20165001 UMLS:C0085681 UMLS:C0553706 High blood phosphate levels Hyperphosphatemia An abnormally increased phosphate concentration in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti High blood phosphate levels An abnormality of chromosome segregation. UMLS:C4025670 Abnormality of chromosome segregation An abnormality of chromosome segregation. An abnormally decreased magnesium concentration in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:190855004 UMLS:C0151723 Low blood Mg levels Low blood magnesium levels Hypomagnesemia An abnormally decreased magnesium concentration in the blood. Low blood Mg levels Low blood magnesium levels An abnormally increased magnesium concentration in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:66978005 UMLS:C0151714 High blood Mg levels High blood magnesium levels Hypermagnesemia An abnormally increased magnesium concentration in the blood. High blood Mg levels High blood magnesium levels High levels of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) in the urine. Ketone bodies are insignificant in the blood and urine of normal individuals in the postprandial or overnight-fasted state. MSH:D007662 SNOMEDCT_US:274783007 SNOMEDCT_US:36815008 UMLS:C0162275 Ketonaciduria Ketone bodies in urine Acetonuria Ketoaciduria Acetone is the main component of the ketone bodies. Ketonuria High levels of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) in the urine. Ketone bodies are insignificant in the blood and urine of normal individuals in the postprandial or overnight-fasted state. PMID:11344564 Ketone bodies in urine Ketoaciduria An abnormality of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). UMLS:C0151583 Abnormal CSF findings Abnormality of the CSF Abnormality of the cerebrospinal fluid The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is secreted by the choroid plexus, and flows uninterrupted throughout the central nervous system (the central cerebrospinal canal of the spinal cord and through the four interconnected cerebral ventricles in the brain). Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid morphology An abnormality of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Abnormal CSF findings Abnormality of the CSF Increased concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. UMLS:C1806780 Cerebrospinal fluid protein increased Cerebrospinal fluid with increased protein Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein Elevated csf protein Hyperproteinorrhachia Increased CSF protein Increased protein in csf Spinal fluid protein elevated Increased CSF protein concentration Increased concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:KI_phemming PMID:29114301 An abnormal functionality of the thyroid gland. UMLS:C0857576 Abnormal thyroid function Abnormality of thyroid physiology An abnormal functionality of the thyroid gland. Abnormal thyroid function Decreased height of the intervertebral disk. SNOMEDCT_US:11301007 UMLS:C0263870 Narrow intervertebral disc spaces Narrow intervertebral disk spaces Narrow intervertebral spaces A decrease in the height of the intervertebral disks is usually observed as a narrowing of the space between the vertebrae on X-ray examination. Intervertebral space narrowing Decreased height of the intervertebral disk. Narrow intervertebral disc spaces SNOMEDCT_US:87294007 UMLS:C0265681 Supernumerary vertebrae An abnormality of the lower arm. UMLS:C4025666 Abnormality of the forearm Abnormal forearm morphology An abnormality of the lower arm. Abnormality of the forearm Absence or underdevelopment of tissue in the central nervous system. UMLS:C4025665 Absent/underdeveloped central nervous system tissue Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the CNS Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the central nervous system Absence or underdevelopment of tissue in the central nervous system. Absent/underdeveloped central nervous system tissue Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the CNS An abnormality of the calf, i.e. of the posterior part of the lower leg. UMLS:C4021832 Abnormality of the calf Abnormality of the calf An abnormality of the calf, i.e. of the posterior part of the lower leg. Abnormality of the calf The presence of abnormally small extremities. MEDDRA:10027546 SNOMEDCT_US:74370006 UMLS:C0025995 Smaller or shorter than typical limbs Micromelia The presence of abnormally small extremities. MEDDRA:10027546 Micromelia Smaller or shorter than typical limbs An elbow contracture that limits the ability of the elbow joint to be extended (straightened), meaning that the elbow is fixed in an flexed (bent) position. SNOMEDCT_US:202271004 UMLS:C0409338 Elbow flexion contractures Elbow flexion deformity Fixed flexion at the elbow joint Elbow flexion contracture An elbow contracture that limits the ability of the elbow joint to be extended (straightened), meaning that the elbow is fixed in an flexed (bent) position. Absence of the fibula. MEDDRA:10054882 UMLS:C1836186 Absent calf bone Absent fibulae Absent-hypoplastic fibulae Fibular aplasia Absence of the fibula. MEDDRA:10054882 Fibula agenesis Absent calf bone An anomaly of the calf bone (fibula), one of the two bones of the calf. UMLS:C4025664 Abnormality of fibula morphology Abnormality of the calf bone Abnormal fibula morphology An anomaly of the calf bone (fibula), one of the two bones of the calf. Abnormality of the calf bone Abnormality of the tibia (shinbone). UMLS:C4025663 Abnormality of the shankbone Abnormality of the shinbone Abnormality of tibia morphology Abnormal tibia morphology Abnormality of the tibia (shinbone). Abnormality of the shankbone Abnormality of the shinbone UMLS:C1849955 Decreased elbow mobility Limited elbow mobility Limited elbow movement Restricted elbow motion Limited elbow movement Decreased elbow mobility Limited elbow mobility Limited elbow movement Restricted elbow motion Abnormality originating in one or more muscles, i.e., of the set of muscles of body. UMLS:C4021745 Muscular abnormality Abnormality of the musculature Abnormality originating in one or more muscles, i.e., of the set of muscles of body. Muscular abnormality Abnormality of the wrist, the structure connecting the hand and the forearm. UMLS:C4021744 Abnormalities of the wrists Abnormality of the wrist Abnormality of the wrist Abnormality of the wrist, the structure connecting the hand and the forearm. Abnormalities of the wrists Abnormality of the wrist One or more abnormally short long bone. UMLS:C1854912 Long bone shortening Short long bone Short tubular bones shortened long tubular bones Long bones are also known as tubular bones. Short long bone One or more abnormally short long bone. Long bone shortening Short long bone An anomaly of the joint that connects the foot with the leg. UMLS:C4025660 Abnormality of the ankles Abnormality of the ankle Abnormality of the ankles UMLS:C1838664 Enlargement of the ankles Enlargement of the ankles Enlargement of the ankles An elevation in bone density in one or more diaphyses. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. MSH:D003966 SNOMEDCT_US:318761000119105 SNOMEDCT_US:34643004 UMLS:C0011989 Craniodiaphyseal osteosclerosis Diaphyseal osteosclerosis Increased bone density in shaft of long bone Diaphyseal sclerosis An elevation in bone density in one or more diaphyses. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. Increased bone density in shaft of long bone Increase in size of one or more joints. UMLS:C1859111 Enlarged joints Prominent joints Enlarged joints Increase in size of one or more joints. Enlarged joints Underdevelopment of the fibula. UMLS:C1832119 Hypoplastic fibula Short calf bone Short fibula Short fibulae Fibular hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the fibula. Short calf bone An abnormality of the shoulder, which is defined as the structures surrounding the shoulder joint where the humerus attaches to the scapula. UMLS:C4025659 Abnormality of the shoulder Abnormal shoulder morphology An abnormality of the shoulder, which is defined as the structures surrounding the shoulder joint where the humerus attaches to the scapula. Abnormality of the shoulder Chronic reduction in active and passive mobility of the shoulder joint due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement. SNOMEDCT_US:202265005 UMLS:C0409336 Shoulder flexion contracture Chronic reduction in active and passive mobility of the shoulder joint due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement. Abnormality of the patella (knee cap). UMLS:C4021743 Abnormal kneecap Abnormality of the patella Patellar abnormality Abnormal patella morphology Abnormality of the patella (knee cap). Abnormal kneecap SNOMEDCT_US:43689004 UMLS:C0231678 Ulnar deviation of wrists Ulnar deviation of the wrist Abnormal increase in size of one or more metaphyses. UMLS:C1855544 Enlarged wide portion of a long bone Enlarged metaphyses Abnormal increase in size of one or more metaphyses. Enlarged wide portion of a long bone An abnormality of the humerus (i.e., upper arm bone). UMLS:C4021742 Abnormality of the humeri Abnormality of the humerus An abnormality of the humerus (i.e., upper arm bone). Underdevelopment of the patella. UMLS:C1840068 Hypoplastic patellae Small kneecap Small patella Small patellae Underdeveloped kneecap Patellar hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the patella. Small kneecap Underdeveloped kneecap Abnormal flatness (decreased height) of epiphyses. UMLS:C1857527 Flat end part of bone Flat epiphyses Flattened epiphysis Abnormal flatness (decreased height) of epiphyses. Flat end part of bone An abnormally increased calcium concentration in the blood. MSH:D006934 SNOMEDCT_US:166702002 SNOMEDCT_US:66931009 UMLS:C0020437 High blood calcium levels Hypercalcaemia Increased calcium in blood Hypercalcemia An abnormally increased calcium concentration in the blood. High blood calcium levels Increased calcium in blood Reduction in the concentration of albumin in the blood. Low albumin MSH:D034141 SNOMEDCT_US:119247004 UMLS:C0239981 Hypoalbuminaemia Low blood albumin Hypoalbuminemia Reduction in the concentration of albumin in the blood. Low albumin Low blood albumin An increased concentration of glucose in the blood. MSH:D006943 SNOMEDCT_US:237598005 SNOMEDCT_US:80394007 UMLS:C0020456 High blood glucose High blood sugar Hyperglycemia An increased concentration of glucose in the blood. High blood glucose High blood sugar A decreased concentration of protein in the blood. MSH:D007019 SNOMEDCT_US:8900005 UMLS:C0020639 Decreased protein levels in blood Hypoproteinemia A decreased concentration of protein in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Decreased protein levels in blood An increased concentration of glucose in the urine. MSH:D006029 SNOMEDCT_US:45154002 UMLS:C0017979 Glucose in urine Glucosuria Glycosuria, the excretion of abnormal amounts of glucose in the urine, generally results in osmotic diuresis. Glycosuria An increased concentration of glucose in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Glucose in urine An elevated lipid concentration in the blood. MSH:D006949 SNOMEDCT_US:55822004 UMLS:C0020473 Elevated lipids in blood Hyperlipidemia is an elevation of the blood levels of lipids including primarily cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The lipids are transported on lipoproteins some of which are commonly used for clinical measurements, including chylomicrons, very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Hyperlipidemia An elevated lipid concentration in the blood. Elevated lipids in blood An increased concentration of potassium(1+) in the urine. UMLS:C1846351 Hyperkaliuresis Increased urinary K Increased urinary potassium Increased urinary potassium An increased concentration of potassium(1+) in the urine. Increased urinary K Increased urinary potassium Disproportionately long fibulae. UMLS:C1848109 Disproportionately long fibula Long calf bone Long fibula Long fibula Disproportionately long fibulae. Long calf bone Long fibula Underdevelopment of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. UMLS:C1839254 Small capital femoral epiphyses Small femoral capital epiphyses Small innermost thighbone end part Small proximal femoral epiphyses Underdevelopment of the innermost thighbone end part Hypoplasia of the capital femoral epiphysis Underdevelopment of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Small innermost thighbone end part Underdevelopment of the innermost thighbone end part An abnormal shortening of the femur. SNOMEDCT_US:93255008 UMLS:C0345375 Femoral hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the femora Short femurs Short thighbone Short femur An abnormal shortening of the femur. Short thighbone Relatively increased growth of the fibula compared to that of the tibia. UMLS:C1864298 Overgrowth of calf bone Fibular overgrowth Relatively increased growth of the fibula compared to that of the tibia. PMID:17259417 Overgrowth of calf bone Any deviation from the normal concentration of cholesterol in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025656 Abnormal cholesterol homeostasis Abnormality of cholesterol metabolism Abnormal circulating cholesterol concentration Abnormality of cholesterol metabolism An increased concentration of glycine in the urine. MSH:C563009 SNOMEDCT_US:236477004 UMLS:C0341706 UMLS:C0543541 Glycinuria High urine glycine levels Normal urinary glycine total (free and combined form) excretion is around 450 mg per 24 hours. Hyperglycinuria An increased concentration of glycine in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti PMID:18901181 PMID:20240447 High urine glycine levels An increased excretion of phosphates in the urine. SNOMEDCT_US:22450000 UMLS:C0268079 UMLS:C0948023 High urine phosphate levels Phosphaturia Hyperphosphaturia An increased excretion of phosphates in the urine. High urine phosphate levels An abnormality of the composition of urine or the levels of its components. UMLS:C4025655 Pee issues Urine issues Abnormality of urine homeostasis An abnormality of the composition of urine or the levels of its components. Pee issues Urine issues Abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of a monoatomic ion. SNOMEDCT_US:237840007 UMLS:C1704431 UMLS:C4025654 Abnormality of ion homeostasis Electrolyte disorders Electrolyte disturbance Abnormal blood ion concentration Abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of a monoatomic ion. Electrolyte disorders The presence of an abnormal decrease or increase of one or more amino acids in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025653 Abnormality of serum amino acid level Abnormality of serum amino acid levels Abnormal circulating amino acid concentration The presence of an abnormal decrease or increase of one or more amino acids in the blood circulation. Abnormality of serum amino acid levels Concentration of a hormone in the blood circulation outside of normal limits. UMLS:C4025652 Abnormal circulating hormone level Abnormality of circulating hormone level Abnormal circulating hormone concentration Concentration of a hormone in the blood circulation outside of normal limits. Abnormality of circulating hormone level Any deviation from the normal concentration of a lipid in the blood circulation. MSH:D050171 SNOMEDCT_US:370992007 UMLS:C0242339 UMLS:C4025650 Dyslipidaemia Dyslipidemia According to CHEBI:18059 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. Abnormal circulating lipid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a lipid in the blood circulation. Dyslipidaemia A contracture (chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin) that prevent normal movement of one or more joints of the limbs. UMLS:C1969879 Limb contractures Limb joint contracture A contracture (chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin) that prevent normal movement of one or more joints of the limbs. Limb contractures An increased concentration of cholesterol in the blood. High cholesterol MSH:D006937 SNOMEDCT_US:13644009 SNOMEDCT_US:166830008 UMLS:C0020443 UMLS:C0595929 Elevated serum cholesterol Elevated total cholesterol Increased total cholesterol Hypercholesterolemia An increased concentration of cholesterol in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti High cholesterol Elevated serum cholesterol Elevated total cholesterol Increased total cholesterol An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the urine. SNOMEDCT_US:86353007 UMLS:C0020599 Low urine calcium levels Hypocalciuria An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the urine. Low urine calcium levels An increased amount of nitrogen in the form of urea in the blood. UMLS:C0151539 Increased BUN Increased blood urea nitrogen Increased blood urea nitrogen An increased amount of nitrogen in the form of urea in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Increased BUN Increased blood urea nitrogen An decreased concentration of cholesterol in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:61336008 UMLS:C0151718 Decreased circulating cholesterol level Hypocholesterolemia An decreased concentration of cholesterol in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Decreased circulating cholesterol level Increased excretion of oxalates in the urine. MSH:D006959 SNOMEDCT_US:367621000119107 UMLS:C0020500 High urine oxalate levels Increased level of oxalate in urine Hyperoxaluria Increased excretion of oxalates in the urine. High urine oxalate levels Increased level of oxalate in urine PMID:11135054 An abnormality of the acetabulum, i.e., the Acetabular part of hip bone, which together with the head of the femur forms the hip joint. UMLS:C4021739 Abnormality of the acetabulum Abnormality of the hipbone socket Acetabular abnormality Abnormal acetabulum morphology An abnormality of the acetabulum, i.e., the Acetabular part of hip bone, which together with the head of the femur forms the hip joint. Abnormality of the hipbone socket An anomaly of the the pubic bone, i.e., of the ventral and anterior of the three principal components (pubis, ilium, ischium) of the hip bone. UMLS:C4021738 Abnormality of the pubic bone Abnormality of the pubic bones Abnormality of the pubis Abnormal pubic bone morphology An anomaly of the the pubic bone, i.e., of the ventral and anterior of the three principal components (pubis, ilium, ischium) of the hip bone. Abnormality of the pubic bone Abnormality of the pubic bones Abnormality of the pubis Underdevelopment of the pubis, which together with the ilium and the ischium, is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone. UMLS:C1865030 Hypoplastic pubic bones Hypoplastic pubis Hypoplastic pubic bone Underdevelopment of the pubis, which together with the ilium and the ischium, is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone. Hypoplastic pubic bones An anomaly of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone. SNOMEDCT_US:93008005 UMLS:C0685661 Abnormality of the ischial bones Abnormality of the ischium Anomaly of the ischium The ischium, together with the ilium and the pubis, forms the hip bone (os coxae). Abnormal ischium morphology An anomaly of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone. Underdevelopment of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone. UMLS:C1859447 Hypoplastic ischial bones Hypoplastic ischii Hypoplastic ischium Hypoplastic ischia Underdevelopment of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone. Underdevelopment of the breast. SNOMEDCT_US:8915006 UMLS:C0266013 Underdeveloped breasts Breast hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the breast. Underdeveloped breasts Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased length from the nasal root to the nasal base. UMLS:C1839798 Elongated nose Increased height of nose Increased length of nose Increased nasal height Increased nasal length Long nose Nasal elongation Long nose Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased length from the nasal root to the nasal base. PMID:19152422 Elongated nose Increased height of nose Increased length of nose Increased nasal height Increased nasal length Long nose Nasal elongation Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip. SNOMEDCT_US:249310005 UMLS:C0426414 UMLS:C1854114 Decreased length of nose Hypoplastic nose Nasal hypoplasia Short nose Shortened nose Small nose Note: a small nose has both decreased height and a decreased width. These should be coded separately. Short nose Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip. PMID:19152422 Decreased length of nose Short nose Shortened nose Small nose UMLS:C1837108 Decreased muscle mass Decreased muscle mass Decreased muscle mass The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy). MSH:D009133 SNOMEDCT_US:74035001 UMLS:C0234958 UMLS:C0270948 UMLS:C0541794 UMLS:C1843479 Amyotrophy Amyotrophy involving the extremities Muscle atrophy Muscle atrophy, neurogenic Muscle degeneration Muscle hypotrophy Muscle wasting Muscular atrophy Neurogenic muscle atrophy Neurogenic muscle atrophy, especially in the lower limbs Neurogenic muscular atrophy Skeletal muscle atrophy The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy). Muscle degeneration Muscle wasting Pathological deposition of calcium salts in one or more arteries. UMLS:C1168153 Most individuals aged over 60 years have progressively enlarging deposits of calcium mineral in their major arteries. This vascular calcification reduces aortic and arterial elastance, which impairs cardiovascular hemodynamics, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality in the form of hypertension, aortic stenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial and lower-limb ischemia, congestive heart failure, and compromised structural integrity.The severity and extent of mineralization reflect atherosclerotic plaque burden and strongly and independently predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. (From PMID:18519861). Arterial calcification Pathological deposition of calcium salts in one or more arteries. PMID:18519861 An increased concentration of dicarboxylic acid in the urine. UMLS:C1856432 Elevated urinary dicarboxylic acid level A dicarboxylic acid is an oxoacid containing two carboxy groups. Dicarboxylic aciduria occurs during increased mobilization or inhibited beta-oxidation of fatty acids, where a number of 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acids are excreted in the urine. Dicarboxylic aciduria An increased concentration of dicarboxylic acid in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti The concentration of methylcobalamin in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. Methylcobalamin is a form of vitamin B12. UMLS:C4021736 Decreased methylcobalamin Methylcobalamin deficiency Decreased circulating methylcobalamin concentration The concentration of methylcobalamin in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. Methylcobalamin is a form of vitamin B12. An abnormally increased sodium concentration in the blood. MSH:D006955 SNOMEDCT_US:286926003 SNOMEDCT_US:39355002 UMLS:C0020488 High blood sodium levels Hypernatremia An abnormally increased sodium concentration in the blood. High blood sodium levels An increased concentration of tyrosine in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:56595005 UMLS:C1879362 Increased tyrosine in blood Tyrosinemia Defect in fumarylacetoacetase. Hypertyrosinemia An increased concentration of tyrosine in the blood. Increased tyrosine in blood Concentration of carnitine in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal. SNOMEDCT_US:421784001 UMLS:C1142132 Decreased plasma carnitine Carnitine deficiency Carnitine is responsible for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria. Decreased circulating carnitine concentration Concentration of carnitine in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Decreased plasma carnitine Carnitine deficiency An increased concentration of methionine in the blood. MSH:C564683 SNOMEDCT_US:124283007 SNOMEDCT_US:43123004 SNOMEDCT_US:57835009 UMLS:C0268621 Increased methionine in blood Methioninemia Elevated blood methionine levels in the range of 500-2000 micromolar. Hypermethioninemia An increased concentration of methionine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Increased methionine in blood Underdevelopment of part or all of the external reproductive organs. UMLS:C1855333 Hypogenitalism Small genitalia Underdevelopment of external reproductive organs Partial or complete failure of the genitalia to develop, often as a consequence of hypogonadism. External genital hypoplasia Underdevelopment of part or all of the external reproductive organs. Underdevelopment of external reproductive organs UMLS:C1851722 Overgrowth of external genitalia Overgrowth of external genitalia Overgrowth of external genitalia Aplasia of the vagina. MSH:C536523 SNOMEDCT_US:248871003 SNOMEDCT_US:87380008 UMLS:C0220763 UMLS:C1321884 UMLS:C1841990 Absent vagina Congenital absence of the vagina Aplasia of the vagina Aplasia of the vagina. Absent vagina A increased concentration of arginine in the urine. UMLS:C4025635 High urine arginine levels Normal urinary arginine total (free and combined form) excretion is around 30 mg per 24 hours. Argininuria A increased concentration of arginine in the urine. PMID:18901181 PMID:20240447 High urine arginine levels Abnormal increased size of the viscera of the abdomen. SNOMEDCT_US:28543008 UMLS:C0042782 Visceromegaly is enlargement of the internal organs in the abdomen, including liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, or pancreas. Visceromegaly Abnormal increased size of the viscera of the abdomen. An abnormality of the hip bone. UMLS:C4021735 Abnormality of the hip bone Abnormality of the hips The hip region comprises the vasculature of hip, skin of hip, superficial fascia of hip, the hip bone, hip joint, and musculature of hip. The hip is part of the pelvic girdle. Abnormal hip bone morphology An abnormality of the hip bone. Abnormality of the hip bone Abnormality of the hips Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the hip joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. SNOMEDCT_US:202283002 UMLS:C0409354 Flexion contracture of hips Flexion contractures of hips Hip contractures Hip flexion contractures Hip contracture Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the hip joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. PMID:16214063 PMID:24975760 PMID:31282072 Underdeveloped acetabulae. UMLS:C1846442 Acetabular hypoplasia Hypoplastic acetabula Hypoplastic acetabulae Underdeveloped acetabulae. A functional anomaly of mitochondria. UMLS:C4021734 Mitochondrial dysfunction Abnormality of mitochondrial metabolism A functional anomaly of mitochondria. An increased concentration of lysine in the urine. UMLS:C4021733 High urine lysine levels Lysinuria Normal urinary lysine total (free and combined form) excretion is around 80 mg per 24 hours. Hyperlysinuria An increased concentration of lysine in the urine. PMID:18901181 PMID:20240447 High urine lysine levels Abnormal morphology of vertebral body. UMLS:C1839326 Abnormal vertebral bodies Abnormally shaped vertebrae Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies SNOMEDCT_US:298186005 UMLS:C0574967 Cervical spine joint hypermobility Cervical spine hypermobility Any abnormality of the cervical vertebral column. UMLS:C1852464 Abnormal cervical spine Abnormality of cervical vertebra Abnormality of the cervical vertebrae Cervical spine abnormalities Cervical vertebral abnormalities Disorder of cervical vertebra Cervical vertebral anomalies Abnormality of the cervical spine Any abnormality of the cervical vertebral column. Abnormal cervical spine Abnormality of cervical vertebra Abnormality of the cervical vertebrae Cervical vertebral anomalies UMLS:C1833753 Biconcave flattened vertebrae Any anomaly in the composite material or the layered arrangement of the bony skeleton. UMLS:C4025630 Abnormal bone structure Any anomaly in the composite material or the layered arrangement of the bony skeleton. An abnormality of the process of endochondral ossification, which is a type of replacement ossification in which bone tissue replaces cartilage. UMLS:C4025628 This term is intended to describe histological abnormalities of enchondral ossification observed upon bone biopsy. Abnormal enchondral ossification An abnormality of the process of endochondral ossification, which is a type of replacement ossification in which bone tissue replaces cartilage. An increased concentration of an amino acid in the urine. SNOMEDCT_US:35912001 UMLS:C0238621 UMLS:C4020843 High urine amino acid levels Hyperaminoaciduria Increased levels of animo acids in urine Abnormal urinary amino-acid findings Aminoaciduria An increased concentration of an amino acid in the urine. High urine amino acid levels Increased levels of animo acids in urine Abnormal urinary amino-acid findings Decreased concentration of sulfate in the urine. UMLS:C1848958 Decreased urinary sulfate Decreased urinary sulphate Decreased urinary sulfate Decreased concentration of sulfate in the urine. Decreased urinary sulfate Decreased urinary sulphate UMLS:C4025622 Abnormal neck or head of thigh bone Abnormality of the femoral neck or head region Abnormal femoral neck/head morphology Abnormal neck or head of thigh bone An abnormality of the femoral neck (which is the process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft). UMLS:C4025621 Abnormal neck of thigh bone Abnormality of the femoral neck Abnormal femoral neck morphology An abnormality of the femoral neck (which is the process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft). Abnormal neck of thigh bone An abnormality of the femoral head. UMLS:C4025620 Abnormal head of thigh bone Abnormality of the femoral head Abnormal femoral head morphology An abnormality of the femoral head. Abnormal head of thigh bone An abnormal flattening of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. UMLS:C1842155 Flat capital femoral epiphyses Flat end part of innermost thighbone Flat femoral capital epiphyses Flat proximal femoral epiphyses Flattened proximal femoral epiphyses Flat capital femoral epiphysis An abnormal flattening of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Flat end part of innermost thighbone An abnormal enlargement of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. UMLS:C1859697 Enlarged capital femoral epiphyses Enlarged end part of innermost thighbone Enlargement of the proximal femoral epiphysis An abnormal enlargement of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Enlarged end part of innermost thighbone An anomaly of the atlantoaxial joint, i.e., of the joint between the first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae. UMLS:C4025617 Atlantoaxial abnormality An anomaly of the atlantoaxial joint, i.e., of the joint between the first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae. An abnormality related to a defect of vertebral separation during development. SNOMEDCT_US:205455005 UMLS:C0432163 Abnormal spinal segmentation The vertebral column derives from somites, transient paired segments of mesoderm that surround the neural tube in the early embryo. The formation of the vertebrar involves many processes including resegmentation of the rostral and caudal regions of adjacent somites that then fuse to form vertebral elements. Disruption of these processes can a cause of severe segmentation defects of the vetebrae. The frequency of segmentation defects of the vetebra has been estimated at 0.5 of 1000 births. The range of segmentation defects includes left-right uneven formation of somites that results in hemivertebrae or wedge vertebrae. Incomplete segmentation can result in fused segments such as block vertebrae. A failure of the process of resegmentation and migration of the sclerotomal compartment can result in a failure of midline fusion, such as butterlfy vertebrae. Vertebral segmentation defect An abnormality related to a defect of vertebral separation during development. PMID:23653580 PMID:23801490 The concentration of iron in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. SNOMEDCT_US:165624002 UMLS:C0151900 Increased serum iron Increased circulating iron concentration Increased concentration of long-chain fatty acids in the blood circulation. UMLS:C1859241 Elevated long chain fatty acids Elevated serum long-chain fatty acids Increased serum long-chain fatty acids This feature can be measured in plasma, as well as in cultured fibroblasts of amniocytes. Elevated circulating long chain fatty acid concentration Increased concentration of long-chain fatty acids in the blood circulation. An abnormality of one or more of the vertebrae. Fyler:4108 SNOMEDCT_US:205043005 SNOMEDCT_US:74877002 UMLS:C0158775 UMLS:C4020839 UMLS:C4020840 Abnormal vertebrae Abnormality of the vertebrae Vertebral anomalies Multiple vertebral anomalies A vertebra is one of 33 bony segments that form the spinal column of humans. There are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 4 coccygeal vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae are fused into one coccyx bone). Abnormal vertebral morphology An abnormality of one or more of the vertebrae. Multiple vertebral anomalies A kind of short stature in which different regions of the body are shortened to differing extents. UMLS:C0878659 UMLS:C1846797 Short stature, disproportionate Short stature, severe disproportionate Disproportionate short stature A kind of short stature in which different regions of the body are shortened to differing extents. Short stature, severe disproportionate A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short trunk but a average-sized limbs. UMLS:C1846435 Disproportionate short-trunked dwarfism Disproportionate short-trunked short stature Short-trunked dwarfism Disproportionate short-trunk short stature A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short trunk but a average-sized limbs. Disproportionate short-trunked dwarfism Disproportionate short-trunked short stature Short-trunked dwarfism Concentration of calcitonin, a 32-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. UMLS:C1868394 Elevated calcitonin Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone. Elevated circulating calcitonin concentration Elevated calcitonin Level of ornithine in the urine above the upper limit of normal. UMLS:C4025602 Ornithine high in urine Ornithinuria Level of ornithine in the urine above the upper limit of normal. Excretion of glycosaminoglycan in the urine. Glycosaminoglycans are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. UMLS:C4025598 Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion Excretion of glycosaminoglycan in the urine. Glycosaminoglycans are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. An increased concentration of pyruvate in the blood. UMLS:C1849488 Increased serum pyruvic acid An abnormal increase in the concentration of pyruvate in the blood. Pyruvate is involved in energy metabolism, forming part of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Increased serum pyruvate An increased concentration of pyruvate in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Any abnormality of the soft tissues, including both connective tissue (tendons, ligaments, fascia, fibrous tissues, and fat). UMLS:C4025596 Abnormality of connective tissue Any abnormality of the soft tissues, including both connective tissue (tendons, ligaments, fascia, fibrous tissues, and fat). The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, defects in muscle proteins, and histological features of muscle fiber degeneration (necrosis) and regeneration. If possible, it is preferred to use other HPO terms to describe the precise phenotypic abnormalities. MSH:D009136 SNOMEDCT_US:193225000 SNOMEDCT_US:73297009 UMLS:C0026850 UMLS:C1864711 Congenital muscular dystrophy Muscle biopsy shows dystrophic changes Muscular dystrophy can be demonstrated by muscle biopsy. Muscular dystrophy The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, defects in muscle proteins, and histological features of muscle fiber degeneration (necrosis) and regeneration. If possible, it is preferred to use other HPO terms to describe the precise phenotypic abnormalities. Muscle biopsy shows dystrophic changes A decreased concentration of citrulline in the blood. UMLS:C1839532 Low plasma citrulline A decreased concentration of citrulline in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti An abnormally increased sodium concentration in the cytosol. UMLS:C4025593 High intracellular Na Increased intracellular Na+ levels Increased intracellular sodium An abnormally increased sodium concentration in the cytosol. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Increased concentration of trimethylamine in the urine. MSH:C536561 SNOMEDCT_US:237959005 UMLS:C0342739 High urine trimethylamine levels Increased concentration of trimethylamine, an organic amino compound with an oder characterized as that of rotting fish, in the urine. Trimethylaminuria is generally caused by impaired oxidation of trimethylamine into the odorless compound trimethylamine N-oxide. Trimethylaminuria Increased concentration of trimethylamine in the urine. High urine trimethylamine levels Loss (disappearance) of previously present subcutaneous fat tissue in arm or leg. UMLS:C1837764 Loss of fat tissue below the skin in limbs Loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue from extremities Loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in limbs Loss (disappearance) of previously present subcutaneous fat tissue in arm or leg. Loss of fat tissue below the skin in limbs The presence of free hemoglobin in the urine. MSH:D006456 SNOMEDCT_US:68600005 UMLS:C0019048 Haemoglobin in urine Hemoglobin in urine If, following hemolysis, haptoglobins (hemoglobin-binding proteins) are saturated, then free hemoglobin appears in the urine. Hemoglobinuria The presence of free hemoglobin in the urine. Haemoglobin in urine Hemoglobin in urine Abnormally increased concentration of hydrogencarbonate in the urine. UMLS:C1839865 Increased urine HCO3 concentration Increased urine bicarbonate concentration Bicarbonaturia Abnormally increased concentration of hydrogencarbonate in the urine. Increased urine bicarbonate concentration A decreased concentration of methionine in the blood. UMLS:C1848555 Decreased plasma methionine Decreased serum methionine Normal methionine blood levels are around 30 micromole per liter. Hypomethioninemia A decreased concentration of methionine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Decreased plasma methionine Decreased serum methionine Muscular atrophy affecting the muscles of the pelvis. UMLS:C4025581 Amyotrophy of the musculature of the pelvis Muscular atrophy affecting the muscles of the pelvis. Muscular atrophy affecting muscles in the distal portions of the extremities. UMLS:C1848736 Amyotrophy of distal limb muscles Distal amyotrophy, especially of the hands and feet Distal limb muscle atrophy Distal muscle atrophy Distal muscle atrophy, upper and lower limbs Distal muscle degeneration Distal muscle wasting Distal muscular atrophy Muscle atrophy, distal Most polyneuropathies affect distal lower extremity miuscles early on. Polyneuropathies are roughly symmeetric in distribution and tend to affect nerves in a length-dependent manner, with the longest nerves first (stocking-glove distribution). Distal amyotrophy Muscular atrophy affecting muscles in the distal portions of the extremities. Distal muscle degeneration Distal muscle wasting Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger. UMLS:C4025577 Absent end part of the outermost bone of the little finger Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie finger Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinky finger Absent epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger. Absent end part of the outermost bone of the little finger Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie finger Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinky finger Abnormal increase in muscle size and mass not due to training. UMLS:C2265792 Hypertrophic muscles Increased skeletal muscle cells Muscle hypertrophy Muscular hypertrophy Increased muscle bulk based on clinical observation. Myofiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy may contribute but this is not easily tested clinically. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy Abnormal increase in muscle size and mass not due to training. Increased skeletal muscle cells UMLS:C1859442 Minimal fat below the skin Minimal subcutaneous fat Minimal fat below the skin Amyotrophy affecting the muscles of the shoulder girdle. UMLS:C1847766 Shoulder girdle atrophy Shoulder girdle muscle wasting Shoulder-girdle muscle atrophy Shoulder girdle muscle atrophy Amyotrophy affecting the muscles of the shoulder girdle. Shoulder girdle muscle wasting Shoulder-girdle muscle atrophy Muscle hypertrophy affecting the thighs. UMLS:C1846674 Increased thigh size Proximal lower limb hypertrophy Thigh hypertrophy Muscle hypertrophy affecting the thighs. Increased thigh size A reduced amount of fat tissue in the lowest layer of the integument. This feature can be appreciated by a reduced skinfold thickness. SNOMEDCT_US:248316006 UMLS:C0424631 UMLS:C1857657 Decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue Decreased subcutaneous fat Reduced fat tissue below the skin Reduced subcutaneous fat Scanty adipose tissue Reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue Reduced fat tissue below the skin Congenital underdevelopment of lymph vessels. UMLS:C4025570 Underdeveloped lymphatic vessels This feature can be demonstrated by lymphography. Hypoplasia of lymphatic vessels Congenital underdevelopment of lymph vessels. Underdeveloped lymphatic vessels Pulp calcifications may appear as punctate calcifications, irregular, roughly spherical mineralized masses in any part of the pulp. It may occur isolated or associated to calcifications elsewhere such as the carotid arteries and kidneys. The diagnosis pulp calcifications can be established using radiological studies. MSH:D003784 SNOMEDCT_US:57602001 UMLS:C1527284 UMLS:C4280259 UMLS:C4280546 Pulp calcifications Pulp denticles Pulp stones Pulpoliths False denticles False pulp stones True denticles True pulp stones Pulp calcification Pulp calcifications may appear as punctate calcifications, irregular, roughly spherical mineralized masses in any part of the pulp. It may occur isolated or associated to calcifications elsewhere such as the carotid arteries and kidneys. The diagnosis pulp calcifications can be established using radiological studies. PMID:31468724 Pulp calcifications Pulp denticles Pulp stones False denticles False pulp stones True denticles True pulp stones Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of middle phalanx of toe. UMLS:C4021723 Short middle bones (feet) Short middle phalanges of toes Short middle phalanx of toe Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of middle phalanx of toe. Short middle bones (feet) Muscular atrophy affecting the muscles of the limb girdle. Limb-girdle myopathy UMLS:C1404521 UMLS:C1842552 Wasting of limb-girdle muscle Limb-girdle muscle atrophy Muscular atrophy affecting the muscles of the limb girdle. Wasting of limb-girdle muscle UMLS:C4021722 Abnormal shape of end part of upper limb long bones Abnormality involving the epiphyses of the upper limbs Abnormality of upper limb epiphysis morphology Epihyseal plate abnormality of the upper limbs Abnormal upper limb epiphysis morphology Abnormal shape of end part of upper limb long bones A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more long bones of the upper limbs. UMLS:C4025560 UMLS:C4280544 Delayed maturation fo the end part of the upper limb bone Delayed upper limb epiphyseal ossification A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more long bones of the upper limbs. Delayed maturation fo the end part of the upper limb bone UMLS:C4025557 Round end part of upper limb bones Round epiphyses of the upper limbs Round end part of upper limb bones UMLS:C4025556 Small end part of upper limb bones Small epiphyses of the upper limbs Small end part of upper limb bones An elevation in bone density in one or more diaphyses of the arms. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. UMLS:C4025547 Increased bone density in central part of long bone of upper limbs Diaphyseal sclerosis of the upper limbs An elevation in bone density in one or more diaphyses of the arms. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. Increased bone density in central part of long bone of upper limbs Clefting affecting the humerus. UMLS:C4025545 Notched long bone in upper arm Bifid humerus Clefting affecting the humerus. Notched long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025539 Deformed long bone in upper arm Deformed humerus Deformed long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025535 Osteoporotic humerus UMLS:C4025527 Abnormality of the deltoid tuberosities Abnormal deltoid tuberosity morphology An anomaly of the humeral epiphysis. UMLS:C4021714 Abnormality of end part of the long bone of the upper arm Abnormality of the humeral epiphyses Abnormality of the humeral epiphysis An anomaly of the humeral epiphysis. Abnormality of end part of the long bone of the upper arm Lack of formation of bone in the epiphysis of the humerus. UMLS:C4021713 Absent maturation of end part of long bone in upper arm Absent ossification of the humeral epiphyses Normally, the proximal humeral epiphysis can be visualized at about 40 weeks of gestation. Absent humeral epiphyseal ossification Lack of formation of bone in the epiphysis of the humerus. Absent maturation of end part of long bone in upper arm A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the humeral epiphysis. UMLS:C4021712 UMLS:C4280543 Delayed maturation/delayed ossification of the humeral epiphyses Delayed maturation of the end part of the long bone in upper arm Delayed humeral epiphyseal ossification A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the humeral epiphysis. Delayed maturation of the end part of the long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025525 Flattened end part of long bone in upper arm Flattened humeral epiphyses Flattened end part of long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025523 UMLS:C4280542 Irregular maturation of the end part of the long bone in upper arm Irregular ossification of the humeral epiphyses Irregular maturation of the end part of the long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025522 Large end part of long bone in upper arm Large humeral epiphyses Large end part of long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025521 Round end part of long bone in upper arm Round humeral epiphyses Round end part of long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025520 Small end part of long bone in upper arm Small humeral epiphyses Small end part of long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025517 Abnormality of the humeral metaphyses Abnormality of the wide portion of the long bone in upper arm Abnormal humeral metaphysis morphology Abnormality of the wide portion of the long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025513 Irregular bone maturation of the wide portion of the long bone in upper arm Irregular ossification of humeral metaphyses Irregular bone maturation of the wide portion of the long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025509 Hardening of wide portion of long bone of upper arm Stiffening of wide portion of long bone of upper arm Sclerotic humeral metaphysis Hardening of wide portion of long bone of upper arm Stiffening of wide portion of long bone of upper arm An anomaly of the humeral diaphysis. UMLS:C4025502 Abnormality of shaft of long bone in upper arm Abnormality of the humeral diaphysis Abnormal humeral diaphysis morphology An anomaly of the humeral diaphysis. Abnormality of shaft of long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025496 Increased bone density in shaft of long bone in upper arm Sclerosis of humeral diaphysis Increased bone density in shaft of long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025491 Abnormality of the joint spaces of the elbow Abnormality of the joint spaces of the elbow Abnormality of the joint spaces of the elbow UMLS:C4025488 Abnormality of end part of the elbow bone Abnormality of the epiphyses of the elbow Abnormality of end part of the elbow bone A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more long bones that are part of the elbow. UMLS:C4025487 Delayed maturation of the end part of the elbow bone Delayed elbow epiphyseal ossification A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more long bones that are part of the elbow. Delayed maturation of the end part of the elbow bone UMLS:C4025485 Abnormal wide portion of elbow bone Abnormal elbow metaphysis morphology Abnormal wide portion of elbow bone Absence of one or more forearm bones associated with congenital failure of development. UMLS:C4021701 Absent forearm bone Aplasia of the forearm bones Absent forearm bone Absence of one or more forearm bones associated with congenital failure of development. Absent forearm bone UMLS:C4025479 Deformed forearm bones Deformed forearm bones Deformed forearm bones UMLS:C4025475 Osteoporotic forearm bones The total absence of the hand, with no bony elements distal to the radius or ulna. SNOMEDCT_US:371199008 UMLS:C0265594 Absent hand Acheiria Absent hand The total absence of the hand, with no bony elements distal to the radius or ulna. PMID:19125433 Absent hand Ossification of hand bones is less advanced than would be expected according to age-adjusted norms. UMLS:C4020833 UMLS:C4021686 Delay maturation/delayed ossification of the hand Delayed maturation of the hand bones Delayed ossification of the hand bones Ossification of hand bones is less advanced than would be expected according to age-adjusted norms. Delayed maturation of the hand bones Deviated fingers is a term that should be used if one or more fingers of the hand are deviated from their normal position, either to the radial or ulnar side. A deviation of a finger can be caused by an abnormal form of one or more of the phalanges of the affected finger, or by a deviation or displacement of one or more phalanges. SNOMEDCT_US:203556007 SNOMEDCT_US:26517000 UMLS:C0410740 Atypical position of finger Deviated fingers Finger pointing in a different direction than usual Deviation of finger Deviated fingers is a term that should be used if one or more fingers of the hand are deviated from their normal position, either to the radial or ulnar side. A deviation of a finger can be caused by an abnormal form of one or more of the phalanges of the affected finger, or by a deviation or displacement of one or more phalanges. Atypical position of finger Finger pointing in a different direction than usual Significant increase in the length and girth of most or all of a digit compared to its contralateral digit (if unaffected) or compared to what would be expected for age/body build. The increased girth is accompanied by an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension AND the lateral dimension of the digit. MEDDRA:10025386 MSH:C562546 SNOMEDCT_US:48449000 UMLS:C0265552 Finger overgrowth Megalodactyly There are no recognized standards for the girth of digits and this finding can vary substantially in the population. This assessment relies on the judgment of the examiner to recognize when the difference between the expected and the observed is significant. The affected digits should be specified. The definition does not mandate the component of the increased size (bone, connective tissue, etc.), but should exclude edema. The requirement that the girth is most, or all, of the digit is intended to distinguish this from broad fingertips. This should be distinguished from Broad fingers or Broad fingertips as the girth is circumferential in macrodactyly, which is not the case for broad fingers or broad fingertips, which are increased only (or predominantly) in their lateral (A/P) width. Macrodactyly Significant increase in the length and girth of most or all of a digit compared to its contralateral digit (if unaffected) or compared to what would be expected for age/body build. The increased girth is accompanied by an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension AND the lateral dimension of the digit. PMID:19125433 MEDDRA:10025386 Macrodactyly Finger overgrowth This term groups together three conditions that presumably represent different degrees of severity of a midline defect of the nose or nasal tip. UMLS:C4025411 UMLS:C4280539 Central defect of nose Central nasal defect Midline defect of the nose Midline nasal defect Central cleft of nose Midline cleft of nose Midline defect of the nose This term groups together three conditions that presumably represent different degrees of severity of a midline defect of the nose or nasal tip. Central defect of nose Central nasal defect Midline defect of the nose Midline nasal defect Central cleft of nose Midline cleft of nose An abnormality affecting one or both 5th fingers. UMLS:C4021678 Abnormality of the 5th finger Abnormality of the little finger Abnormality of the pinkie finger Abnormality of the pinky finger Abnormal 5th finger morphology An abnormality affecting one or both 5th fingers. Abnormality of the little finger Abnormality of the pinkie finger Abnormality of the pinky finger Abnormality of the phalanges of the 5th (little) finger. UMLS:C4025408 Abnormality of the little finger bone Abnormality of the phalanges of the 5th finger Abnormality of the pinkie finger bone Abnormality of the pinky finger bone Abnormal 5th finger phalanx morphology Abnormality of the phalanges of the 5th (little) finger. Abnormality of the little finger bone Abnormality of the pinkie finger bone Abnormality of the pinky finger bone UMLS:C4025406 Abnormality of the middle bone of little finger Abnormality of the middle bone of pinkie finger Abnormality of the middle bone of pinky finger Abnormality of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormality of the middle bone of little finger Abnormality of the middle bone of pinkie finger Abnormality of the middle bone of pinky finger Hypoplastic/small middle phalanx of the fifth finger. UMLS:C1834060 5th finger middle phalangeal hypoplasia Brachymesophalangism V Brachymesophalangy V (finger) Fifth finger mid-phalanx hypoplasia Hypoplastic fifth finger middle phalanx Hypoplastic middle phalanx of the 5th finger Hypoplastic/small middle phalanx of the 5th finger Hypoplastic/small middle phalanx of the little finger Short middle bone of the little finger Short middle bone of the pinkie finger Short middle bone of the pinky finger Short middle phalanx of the little finger Type A3 brachydactyly Brachymesophalangia-V, a short and broad middle phalanx of the fifth digit, is the most common of all skeletal anomalies of the hand. When this feature appears alone, it is clinically known as brachydactyly type A3 (BDA3). Short middle phalanx of the 5th finger Hypoplastic/small middle phalanx of the fifth finger. PMID:18494372 Short middle bone of the little finger Short middle bone of the pinkie finger Short middle bone of the pinky finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the fifth finger. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. UMLS:C4025405 Abnormality of the end part of middle little finger bone Abnormality of the end part of middle pinkie finger bone Abnormality of the end part of middle pinky finger bone Abnormality of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the fifth finger. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. Abnormality of the end part of middle little finger bone Abnormality of the end part of middle pinkie finger bone Abnormality of the end part of middle pinky finger bone Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the 5th (little) finger. UMLS:C4021673 Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the little finger Abnormality of the outermost little finger bone Abnormality of the outermost pinkie finger bone Abnormality of the outermost pinky finger bone Abnormality of the terminal phalanx of the little finger Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the 5th (little) finger. Abnormality of the outermost little finger bone Abnormality of the outermost pinkie finger bone Abnormality of the outermost pinky finger bone Hypoplastic/small distal phalanx of the fifth finger. UMLS:C1836674 Brachytelophalangism V Fifth digit distal phalangeal hypoplasia Hypoplastic/small terminal phalanx of the little finger Short distal phalanx of the fifth finger Short outermost little finger bone Short outermost pinkie finger bone Short outermost pinky finger bone Short distal phalanx of the 5th finger Hypoplastic/small distal phalanx of the fifth finger. Short outermost little finger bone Short outermost pinkie finger bone Short outermost pinky finger bone The presence of more than the normal number of carpal bones. Extra wrist bones SNOMEDCT_US:20136007 SNOMEDCT_US:9181003 UMLS:C0265609 Supernumerary carpal bones Accessory carpal bones The presence of more than the normal number of carpal bones. Extra wrist bones Increased size of carpal bones. Large wrist bones UMLS:C4021671 Large carpals Large carpal bones Increased size of carpal bones. Large wrist bones UMLS:C4025376 UMLS:C4280534 Deficient maturation of hand bones Deficient ossification of hand bones Deficient maturation of hand bones UMLS:C3276746 Duplication of hand bones Duplication of hand bones Duplication of hand bones UMLS:C4025374 Irregular maturation of hand bones Irregular ossification of hand bones Irregular maturation of hand bones UMLS:C4025368 Pseudoepiphyses of hand bones An abnormality of the gastric mucous membrane. UMLS:C4025362 Abnormality of the gastric mucosa Abnormality of the mucous membrane layer of stomach Abnormal gastric mucosa morphology An abnormality of the gastric mucous membrane. Abnormality of the mucous membrane layer of stomach UMLS:C4025361 Abnormality of GI blood vessels Abnormality of GI vasculature Abnormality of gastrointestinal vasculature Abnormal gastrointestinal vascular morphology Abnormality of GI blood vessels Abnormality of GI vasculature An abnormality of the biliary system. UMLS:C0940767 Abnormality of the biliary system An abnormality of the biliary system. The presence of any abnormality affecting the abdominal wall. UMLS:C4021664 Abnormality of external features of the abdomen Abnormality of the abdominal wall Abnormality of the abdominal wall The presence of any abnormality affecting the abdominal wall. Abnormality of the abdominal wall Any abnormality of the skeletal muscle cell. Muscle fibers are subdivided into two types. Type I fibers are fatigue-resistant and rich in oxidative enzymes (they stain light with the myosin ATPase reaction), and type II fibers are fast-contracting, fatigue-prone, and rich in glycolytic enzymes (these fibers stain darkly). Normal muscle tissue has a random distribution of type I and type II fibers. UMLS:C4021663 Abnormal muscle fibre morphology Abnormal skeletal muscle fiber morphology Abnormal skeletal muscle fibre morphology Abnormality of muscle fibers Abnormality of muscle fibres Normal human muscle is composed of many individual muscle fibers bundled together by layers of connective tissue that are arranged in a nesting-doll like fashion. The inner most structure, the single muscle fiber, is covered by a thin layer of primarily reticular fibers called the endomysium. The endomysium is quite inconspicuous and muscle fibers appear to be in direct contact with each other. The finest capillaries, nerve twigs and lymphatic capillaries are found within the endomysium. Groups of muscle fibers are bound together by the thicker perimysium, forming structures called fascicles. Capillaries, nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels also track in the perimyseum. Bundles of fascicles are encased within the dense irregular connective tissue of the epimysium. These connective tissue layers provide mechanical protection for the muscle fibers and increase the tensile strength of the muscle. The layers are continuous with the tendon, which provides attachment to bone. Individual muscle fibers are syncytia, formed by embryonic fusion of many myoblasts or later, myosatellite cells. Each muscle fiber contains many nuclei, peripherally positioned immediately adjacent to the sarcolemmal membrane. In healthy muscle only 3-5 percent of fibers contain nuclei that are located internally, within the cell, but many disease processes lead to internal nuclei. Each nucleus provides a segment of the cell with needed translated protein products. Abnormal muscle fiber morphology Any abnormality of the skeletal muscle cell. Muscle fibers are subdivided into two types. Type I fibers are fatigue-resistant and rich in oxidative enzymes (they stain light with the myosin ATPase reaction), and type II fibers are fast-contracting, fatigue-prone, and rich in glycolytic enzymes (these fibers stain darkly). Normal muscle tissue has a random distribution of type I and type II fibers. PMID:22938878 Abnormal muscle fibre morphology Abnormal skeletal muscle fibre morphology Abnormality of muscle fibres An abnormality of the endocardium. UMLS:C4021662 Abnormality of the endocardium Abnormality of the endomycoardium Abnormal endocardium morphology An abnormality of the endocardium. Developmental defect characterized by an anomalous anatomic location of the heart. UMLS:C4025359 Abnormal anatomic location of the heart An abnormality of macrophages. UMLS:C4021661 Abnormality of histiocytes Abnormality of macrophages Abnormal macrophage morphology An abnormality of macrophages. A reticulocyte abnormality. UMLS:C4025358 Abnormality of reticulocytes Reticulocytes are immature erythrocytes that show a basophilic reticulum under vital staining. Abnormal reticulocyte morphology A reticulocyte abnormality. An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin in blood. MSH:D000361 SNOMEDCT_US:119250001 UMLS:C0086438 UMLS:C4048270 Decreased antibody level in blood Decreased immunoglobulin level Decreased serum immunoglobulin Hypogammaglobulinemia Immunoglobulin deficiency Reduced immunoglobulin levels In humans, immunoglobulins comprise the five antibody isotypes IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. Decreased circulating antibody level An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin in blood. A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). SNOMEDCT_US:237836003 UMLS:C0349588 Decreased body height Height less than 3rd percentile Short stature Small stature Stature below 3rd percentile Short stature A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). Decreased body height Short stature Small stature An abnormal increase or decrease of weight or an abnormal distribution of mass in the body. UMLS:C0878621 UMLS:C4025357 Abnormality of body weight Abnormality of habitus Abnormality of body weight An abnormal increase or decrease of weight or an abnormal distribution of mass in the body. Abnormality of body weight Abnormally increased body weight. MSH:D015430 SNOMEDCT_US:161831008 SNOMEDCT_US:262286000 SNOMEDCT_US:8943002 UMLS:C0043094 Increased body weight Weight gain Increased body weight Increased body weight Weight gain Abnormally low body weight. MSH:D013851 MSH:D015431 SNOMEDCT_US:161832001 SNOMEDCT_US:248342006 SNOMEDCT_US:262285001 SNOMEDCT_US:89362005 UMLS:C0041667 UMLS:C1262477 UMLS:C1844806 Decreased body weight Decreased weight Low body weight Low weight Weight less than 3rd percentile Decreased body weight Decreased body weight Decreased weight Low body weight Low weight Weight less than 3rd percentile Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease. MSH:D002100 SNOMEDCT_US:238108007 SNOMEDCT_US:285384003 UMLS:C0006625 Wasting syndrome Cachexia Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease. Wasting syndrome Any structural anomaly of the vitreous body. UMLS:C4025356 Abnormal vitreous humour morphology The vitreous humor is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina. Abnormal vitreous humor morphology Any structural anomaly of the vitreous body. Abnormal vitreous humour morphology An abnormality of the anterior segment of the eyeball (which comprises the structures in front of the vitreous humor: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens). UMLS:C4025355 Abnormal anterior segment morphology Abnormality of the anterior segment of the eye Abnormality of the anterior segment of the eyeball Abnormality of the anterior segment of the globe The anterior segment comprises the structures in front of the vitreous humor: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens. Abnormal anterior eye segment morphology An abnormality of the anterior segment of the eyeball (which comprises the structures in front of the vitreous humor: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens). UMLS:C4025354 Abnormal morphology of the posterior segment of the globe Abnormality of the posterior segment of the eye Abnormality of the posterior segment of the eyeball Abnormality of the posterior segment of the globe The posterior segment comprises the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. Abnormal posterior eye segment morphology An increase in the magnitude or amount of ossification of the skull. SNOMEDCT_US:17401000119104 UMLS:C0020496 UMLS:C4072850 UMLS:C4072851 Hyperossification of skull Hyperostosis of skull Sclerosis of bones of skull Sclerosis of skull Increased Mineralization of skull Increased calcification of skull Increased skull ossification An increase in the magnitude or amount of ossification of the skull. Hyperossification of skull Hyperostosis of skull Sclerosis of bones of skull Sclerosis of skull Increased Mineralization of skull Increased calcification of skull A reduction in the magnitude or amount of ossification of the skull. SNOMEDCT_US:253980008 UMLS:C0432073 UMLS:C4280533 Decreased bone formation of skull Deficient skull ossification Hypoossification of skull Ossification defect of skull Poorly mineralized skull Poorly ossified skull Poorly ossified skull bones Decreased calcification of skull Decreased mineralization of skull Decreased skull ossification A reduction in the magnitude or amount of ossification of the skull. Decreased bone formation of skull Hypoossification of skull Ossification defect of skull Poorly ossified skull Decreased calcification of skull Decreased mineralization of skull An abnormality of lymphocytes. SNOMEDCT_US:250284007 UMLS:C0427546 Abnormal lymphocytes Abnormality of cells of the lymphoid lineage A lymphocyte refers to a cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage. Abnormal lymphocyte morphology An abnormality of lymphocytes. Partial or complete wasting (atrophy) of the skin. MEDDRA:10040799 SNOMEDCT_US:399979006 SNOMEDCT_US:400190005 UMLS:C0151514 Atrophic skin Skin atrophy Skin degeneration Dermal atrophy Partial or complete wasting (atrophy) of the skin. MEDDRA:10040799 Skin atrophy Skin degeneration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a aromatic amino acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025352 Abnormality of aromatic amino acid family metabolism Abnormal circulating aromatic amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a aromatic amino acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a sulfur amino acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4021660 Abnormal circulating sulphur amino acid concentration Abnormality of sulfur-containing amino acids Cysteine and methionine contain a sulfur atom. Abnormal circulating sulfur amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a sulfur amino acid in the blood circulation. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Abnormal circulating sulphur amino acid concentration UMLS:C4021659 Abnormality of B-vitamin metabolism Abnormality of vitamin B metabolism UMLS:C4021658 Abnormality of the vitamin B12 metabolism Abnormality of vitamin B12 metabolism This term applies to all changes in bone mineral density which (depending on severity) can be seen on x-rays as a change in density and or structure of the bone. Changes may affect all bones of the organism, just certain bones or only parts of bones and include decreased mineralisation as may be seen in osteoporosis or increased mineralisation and or ossification as in osteopetrosis, exostoses or any kind of atopic calicfications of different origin and distribution. The overall amount of mineralization of the bone-organ can be measured as the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones, usually measured by densitometry of the lumbar spine or hip. The measurements are usually reported as g/cm3 or as a Z-score (the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for the patient's age and sex). Note that measurement with this method does not reflect local changes in other bones, and as such might not be correct with regard the hole bone-organ. UMLS:C4021657 Abnormality of bone mineralisation and ossification Abnormality of bone mineral density This term applies to all changes in bone mineral density which (depending on severity) can be seen on x-rays as a change in density and or structure of the bone. Changes may affect all bones of the organism, just certain bones or only parts of bones and include decreased mineralisation as may be seen in osteoporosis or increased mineralisation and or ossification as in osteopetrosis, exostoses or any kind of atopic calicfications of different origin and distribution. The overall amount of mineralization of the bone-organ can be measured as the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones, usually measured by densitometry of the lumbar spine or hip. The measurements are usually reported as g/cm3 or as a Z-score (the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for the patient's age and sex). Note that measurement with this method does not reflect local changes in other bones, and as such might not be correct with regard the hole bone-organ. A reduction of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones. UMLS:C2674432 Decreased bone mineral density Decreased bone mineral density Z score Low solidness and mass of the bones Reduced bone mineral density A reduction of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones. Decreased bone mineral density Low solidness and mass of the bones Any deviation from the normal concentration of a purine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025346 Abnormal circulating purine level Purines are nitrogenous bases including the two nucleotide bases deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine. Abnormal circulating purine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a pyrimidine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025345 Abnormal circulating pyrimidine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a pyrimidine in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a carboxylic acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025344 Carboxylic acid refers to an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (-COOH). Abnormal circulating carboxylic acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a carboxylic acid in the blood circulation. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti UMLS:C4025342 A major lysosomal function is the breakdown and recycling of macromolecules and organelles into basic precursors. Abnormality of lysosomal metabolism Any deviation from the normal circulation of leucine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025341 Abnormal circulating leucine concentration Any deviation from the normal circulation of leucine in the blood circulation. A deviation from the normal concentration of a fatty acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4020830 UMLS:C4021656 Abnormality of fatty acid metabolism Fatty acids abnormal A fatty acid is an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. R-COOH. Fatty acids are usually derived from triglycerides or phospholipids. Abnormal circulating fatty-acid concentration A deviation from the normal concentration of a fatty acid in the blood circulation. An abnormality of the balance or maintenance of the balance of acids and bases in bodily fluids, resulting in an abnormal pH. MSH:D000137 UMLS:C0001118 Acid base imbalance Abnormality of acid-base homeostasis An abnormality of the balance or maintenance of the balance of acids and bases in bodily fluids, resulting in an abnormal pH. Any deviation from the normal concentration of calcium in the blood circulation. Abnormal blood calcium concentration Abnormal blood calcium levels Abnormal circulating Ca concentration Abnormal circulating Ca2+ concentration Abnormal circulating calcium concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of calcium in the blood circulation. Abnormal blood calcium concentration Abnormal blood calcium levels Abnormal circulating Ca concentration Abnormal circulating Ca2+ concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a nitrogen compound in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4025336 Ammonia (NH3), one of the most clinically important nitrogen compounds in human metabolism, is a substance containing nitrogen resulting from the catabolism of protein. It is converted to the less toxic substance urea prior to excretion in urine. Abnormal circulating nitrogen compound concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a nitrogen compound in the blood circulation. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti An abnormality of glycolysis. UMLS:C4025334 Abnormality of glycolysis An abnormality of glycolysis. Abnormally elevated concentration of a purine compound. Purine compounds are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a purine moiety, which is formed a pyrimidine-ring ring fused to an imidazole ring. UMLS:C4025332 Increased purine level Increased purine levels Increased circulating purine concentration Increased purine levels Abnormally reduced concentration of a purine compound. Purine compounds are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a purine moiety, which is formed a pyrimidine-ring ring fused to an imidazole ring. UMLS:C4025331 Decreased purine level Decreased purine levels Decreased circulating purine concentration Decreased purine levels An abnormality of temperature homeostasis. MSH:D001832 UMLS:C0005904 UMLS:C1832160 Abnormality of temperature regulation Poor temperature regulation Body temperature changes Abnormality of temperature regulation An abnormality of temperature homeostasis. Abnormality of temperature regulation Poor temperature regulation Body temperature changes Abnormality of glycosaminoglycan metabolism. UMLS:C4025330 A glycosaminoglycan is any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. Among the most common GAGs are chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan. Abnormality of glycosaminoglycan metabolism Abnormality of glycosaminoglycan metabolism. Abnormality of the anal canal. UMLS:C4025329 Abnormality of the anus The anal canal is continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. Abnormality of the anus Abnormality of the anal canal. Abnormality of the anus Abnormal calcification of the mitral valve. SNOMEDCT_US:473372009 UMLS:C0919718 Mitral valve calcification Abnormal calcification of the mitral valve. Inflammation of the alimentary part of the gastrointestinal system. UMLS:C1535950 GI inflammation Gastrointestinal inflammation Gastrointestinal inflammation GI inflammation Gastrointestinal inflammation A colon of abnormally small caliber. MSH:C562563 SNOMEDCT_US:18389004 UMLS:C0266200 UMLS:C3553395 Microcolon on contrast enema Microcolon A colon of abnormally small caliber. PMID:3484569 Microcolon on contrast enema MSH:C562464 SNOMEDCT_US:78809005 SNOMEDCT_US:87252009 UMLS:C0236048 Multiple gastric polyps An abnormality of the pylorus. UMLS:C4025326 Abnormality of the pylorus An abnormality of the pylorus. An abnormality of the nipple. SNOMEDCT_US:700153004 UMLS:C3839073 Abnormality of the nipple Abnormal nipple morphology An abnormality of the nipple. Abnormality of the nipple An anomaly in the ability to perceive and distinguish scents (odors). UMLS:C4021655 Abnormal sense of smell Abnormality of olfaction Abnormality of the sense of smell Smell defect Abnormality of the sense of smell Abnormal sense of smell Abnormality of the sense of smell Smell defect An abnormality of the pulmonary artery. SNOMEDCT_US:128588008 SNOMEDCT_US:198914002 SNOMEDCT_US:36110001 UMLS:C0009681 Abnormality of lung artery Abnormality of the pulmonary artery An abnormality of the pulmonary artery. Abnormality of lung artery The formation of a blood clot inside an artery. SNOMEDCT_US:65198009 UMLS:C0151942 Blood clot in artery Arterial thrombosis The formation of a blood clot inside an artery. Blood clot in artery A forehead with abnormal flatness. UMLS:C1857485 Flat forehead Flattened forehead Frontal flattening Flat forehead A forehead with abnormal flatness. Flat forehead Flattened forehead Frontal flattening An abnormality of the cheek- one of two bilateral soft tissue facial structures in the region of the face inferior to the eyes and between the nose and the ear. "Buccal" means relating to the cheek. The cheek is part of the midface UMLS:C4025324 Abnormality of the cheek Abnormality of the cheeks Anomaly of the cheeks Deformity of the cheeks Malformation of the cheeks Abnormal cheek morphology Abnormality of the cheek Abnormality of the cheeks Anomaly of the cheeks Deformity of the cheeks Malformation of the cheeks Excessive growth of the bones of cranium, i.e., of the skull. Enlargement of skull bones Excessive growth of skull bones Hypertrophy of cranial bones Overgrowth of skull bones Thick skull bones UMLS:C1832451 UMLS:C4280528 UMLS:C4280529 UMLS:C4280530 UMLS:C4280531 Hyperostosis of cranial bones Hyperostosis of cranial vault Increased ossification of cranial bones Cranial hyperostosis Excessive growth of the bones of cranium, i.e., of the skull. Enlargement of skull bones Excessive growth of skull bones Hypertrophy of cranial bones Overgrowth of skull bones Thick skull bones Hyperostosis of cranial bones Increased ossification of cranial bones The presence of abnormally shaped erythrocytes. SNOMEDCT_US:165479004 UMLS:C0221281 General description for abnormally shaped erythrocytes. Poikilocytosis The presence of abnormally shaped erythrocytes. An abnormality of the middle-ear ossicles (three small bones called malleus, incus, and stapes) that are contained within the middle ear and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). UMLS:C1836678 Malformed ossicles Ossicular malformation Abnormality of the middle ear ossicles An abnormality of the middle-ear ossicles (three small bones called malleus, incus, and stapes) that are contained within the middle ear and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). The progressive development of an abnormally large skull. UMLS:C1859896 Macrocephaly, progressive Progressively abnormally enlarging cranium Progressively abnormally enlarging skull Progressive macrocephaly The progressive development of an abnormally large skull. Progressively abnormally enlarging cranium Progressively abnormally enlarging skull Excessive growth of the calvaria. Enlargement of calvarial bones Excessive growth of calvarial bones Hypertrophy of calvarial bones Overgrowth of calvarial bones Thick calvarial bones MSH:C537963 UMLS:C1863351 UMLS:C4280519 UMLS:C4280520 Hyperostosis of calvarial bones Increased ossification of calvarial bones Overgrowth of skullcap The calvaria (skull cap) is made up of the frontal, occipital, right and left parietal, right and left temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones, and thus comprises the upper dome-like part of the skull and does not include the lower jaw. Calvarial hyperostosis Excessive growth of the calvaria. Enlargement of calvarial bones Excessive growth of calvarial bones Hypertrophy of calvarial bones Overgrowth of calvarial bones Thick calvarial bones Hyperostosis of calvarial bones Increased ossification of calvarial bones Overgrowth of skullcap Excessive growth of the craniofacial bones. Enlargement of craniofacial bones Excessive growth of craniofacial bones Hypertrophy of craniofacial bones Overgrowth of craniofacial bones Thick craniofacial bones UMLS:C1868085 UMLS:C4280516 UMLS:C4280517 UMLS:C4280518 Excessive bone growth of the skull and face Hyperostosis of craniofacial bones Increased ossification of craniofacial bones Craniofacial hyperostosis Excessive growth of the craniofacial bones. Enlargement of craniofacial bones Excessive growth of craniofacial bones Hypertrophy of craniofacial bones Overgrowth of craniofacial bones Thick craniofacial bones Excessive bone growth of the skull and face Hyperostosis of craniofacial bones Increased ossification of craniofacial bones Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans, i.e., of the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells. UMLS:C0597167 Hyperplastic islets of langerhans Hypertrophic pancreatic islets Islet of Langerhans hyperplasia Islets of langerhans hypertrophy Pancreatic islet-cell hypertrophy The islets of Langerhans contain the alpha cells (producing glucagon), beta cells (insulin and amylin), delta cells (somatostatin),PP cells (pancreatic polypeptide), and the epsilon cells (ghrelin). Pancreatic islet-cell hyperplasia Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans, i.e., of the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells. A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates affecting the cervical spine. UMLS:C1856641 Flattened cervical vertebral bodies Cervical platyspondyly A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates affecting the cervical spine. Increased bone density affecting the bones of the spine (vertebral column). UMLS:C4020828 UMLS:C4280254 UMLS:C4280513 UMLS:C4280514 UMLS:C4280515 Increased density of spinal bone Ivory spinal bone Compact spinal bone Concrete spinal bone Dense spinal bone Eburnation of spinal bone Increased spinal bone density Z-score Sclerosis of spinal bone Increased spinal bone density Increased bone density affecting the bones of the spine (vertebral column). Increased density of spinal bone Ivory spinal bone Compact spinal bone Concrete spinal bone Dense spinal bone Eburnation of spinal bone Sclerosis of spinal bone Increased top to bottom height of vertebral bodies. UMLS:C1864853 Tall vertebral bodies Increased vertebral height Increased top to bottom height of vertebral bodies. UMLS:C4025311 Irregularity of vertebral bodies Exaggerated concavity of the anterior or posterior surface of the vertebral body, i.e., the upper and lower vertebral endplates are hollowed inward. UMLS:C1856087 Biconcave 'codfish' vertebrae Biconcave vertebrae Codfish vertebrae Fish vertebrae Scalloping of vertebral bodies This finding has been called fish or codfish vertebra because of the characteristic biconcave form of fish vertebral bodies. Biconcave vertebral bodies Exaggerated concavity of the anterior or posterior surface of the vertebral body, i.e., the upper and lower vertebral endplates are hollowed inward. UMLS:C4025310 Dysplasia of second lumbar vertebra UMLS:C1970816 Small sacrum Hypoplastic sacrum Small sacrum UMLS:C1835444 Disc-like vertebral bodies A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance beween the vertebral endplates affecting the thoracic spine. UMLS:C1862428 Thoracic platyspondyly A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance beween the vertebral endplates affecting the thoracic spine. UMLS:C1832983 Absent or minimally ossified vertebral bodies A lack of ossification of the vertebral bodies. UMLS:C1860202 Unossified vertebral bodies A lack of ossification of the vertebral bodies. Reduced size of cervical vertebrae. UMLS:C1851130 Small cervical vertebrae Small cervical vertebral bodies Reduced size of cervical vertebrae. Underdevelopment of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). Small facial muscles UMLS:C1834042 UMLS:C4280509 UMLS:C4280510 UMLS:C4280511 Decreased size of facial muscles Deficiency of facial musculature Underdevelopment of facial muscles Atrophy of facial musculature Hypotrophic facial musculature Hypoplasia of facial musculature Underdevelopment of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). Small facial muscles Decreased size of facial muscles Deficiency of facial musculature Underdevelopment of facial muscles Atrophy of facial musculature Hypotrophic facial musculature UMLS:C1859116 Large ankle bones Large tarsal bones Large ankle bones Decrease in mass and density of the metatarsal bones. UMLS:C1836873 Osteoporotic metatarsal Decrease in mass and density of the metatarsal bones. Short (hypoplastic) fifth metatarsal bone. UMLS:C4021649 Hypoplasia of the fifth metatarsal bone Short 5th long bone of foot Short fifth metatarsal Short (hypoplastic) fifth metatarsal bone. Short 5th long bone of foot An abnormality of the renal collecting system. UMLS:C1851303 Abnormal collecting system Abnormality of the renal collecting system Renal collecting system anomalies Abnormal renal collecting system morphology An abnormality of the renal collecting system. Underdevelopment or reduced size of the heart right ventricle, often due to a reduced number of cells. Fyler:1821 UMLS:C4082954 Heart right ventricle hypoplasia Small right heart chamber Underdeveloped right heart chamber Hypoplasia of right ventricle Underdevelopment or reduced size of the heart right ventricle, often due to a reduced number of cells. MP:0010422 Heart right ventricle hypoplasia Small right heart chamber Underdeveloped right heart chamber Underdevelopment of the small intestine. UMLS:C4025291 Underdeveloped small intestine Hypoplasia of the small intestine Underdevelopment of the small intestine. Underdeveloped small intestine A type of poikilocytosis characterized by the presence in the blood of erythrocytes of varying sizes and abnormal shapes. UMLS:C2675920 Anisopoikilocytosis A type of poikilocytosis characterized by the presence in the blood of erythrocytes of varying sizes and abnormal shapes. An abnormally elevated blood pressure in the circulation of the pulmonary artery. UMLS:C3805917 Elevated lung artery pressure increased pulmonary artery pressure Elevated pulmonary artery pressure An abnormally elevated blood pressure in the circulation of the pulmonary artery. increased pulmonary artery pressure Concentration of vitamin A below the lower limit of normal in the blood circulation. MSH:D014802 SNOMEDCT_US:72000004 UMLS:C0042842 Low levels of vitamin A Vitamin A deficiency Reduced circulating vitamin A concentration Vitamin A deficiency An abnormality of magnesium ion homeostasis. UMLS:C4020826 UMLS:C4025274 Abnormal Mg concentration Abnormality of magnesium homeostasis Abnormal magnesium metabolism Abnormal magnesium concentration An abnormality of magnesium ion homeostasis. Abnormal Mg concentration An increased concentration of L-phenylalanine in the blood. MSH:D010661 SNOMEDCT_US:68528007 UMLS:C0751435 Hyperphenylalaninemia An increased concentration of L-phenylalanine in the blood. UMLS:C4025271 Abnormality of the lung blood vessels Abnormality of the pulmonary vasculature Abnormality of the lung blood vessels Abnormal calcification of the vasculature. MSH:D061205 SNOMEDCT_US:237897009 UMLS:C0342649 Vascular calcification Abnormal calcification of the vasculature. Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a vein, causing the obstruction of blood flow. MSH:D020246 SNOMEDCT_US:111293003 UMLS:C0042487 Blood clot in vein Venous thrombosis Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a vein, causing the obstruction of blood flow. Blood clot in vein Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts, affecting arteries distributed throughout the body. UMLS:C4025269 Generalised arterial calcification Generalized arterial calcification Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts, affecting arteries distributed throughout the body. Generalised arterial calcification A congenital defect with aplasia (absence) of one of the right or left pulmonary artery. SNOMEDCT_US:86252004 UMLS:C0265905 Absent lung artery Missing pulmonary artery This is a rare feature that has been observed in recessive lethal osteogenesis imperfecta with mutation in CRTAP. Absent pulmonary artery A congenital defect with aplasia (absence) of one of the right or left pulmonary artery. PMID:17192541 Absent lung artery Missing pulmonary artery An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in the thoracic aorta. UMLS:C1969292 Thoracic aorta calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in the thoracic aorta. Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the aorta. UMLS:C1096249 Note that the phrase "aortic calcification" is mainly used to describe calcification of the aortic valve rather than of the aorta itself. Calcification of the aorta Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the aorta. Underdevelopment of the pulmonary artery. Fyler:2966 SNOMEDCT_US:54682008 UMLS:C0265910 Underdeveloped lung artery Underdeveloped pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the pulmonary artery. Underdeveloped lung artery Underdeveloped pulmonary artery Abnormally increased density of metaphyseal bone. UMLS:C3552526 Increased bone density in wide portion of long bone Sclerotic metaphyses Metaphyseal sclerosis Abnormally increased density of metaphyseal bone. Increased bone density in wide portion of long bone UMLS:C1857192 Multicentric ossification of proximal humeral epiphyses Absence or underdevelopment of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. UMLS:C4025261 Absent/small end part of innermost thighbone Absent/underdeveloped end part of innermost thighbone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the capital femoral epiphysis Absence or underdevelopment of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Absent/small end part of innermost thighbone Absent/underdeveloped end part of innermost thighbone Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of all phalanges of the foot. UMLS:C4025257 Short toe bones Shortening of all phalanges of the toes Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of all phalanges of the foot. Short toe bones Overgrowth of the proximal part of the fibula. UMLS:C2673395 Overgrowth of innermost part of calf bone Proximal fibular overgrowth Overgrowth of the proximal part of the fibula. Overgrowth of innermost part of calf bone Deterioration or loss of the tissues of the cochlea. UMLS:C1849095 Progressive cochlear degeneration Cochlear degeneration Deterioration or loss of the tissues of the cochlea. Ossification affecting the external ear cartilage. UMLS:C1408806 Cartilaginous ossification of pinnae Ossification of pinnae Petrified ear Ear cartilage calcification Calcification of the auricular cartilage Ossification affecting the external ear cartilage. PMID:15523361 PMID:23259082 Underdevelopment of the nasal septum. UMLS:C1861328 Decreased size of nasal septum Decreased size of septum of nose Hypoplasia of septum of nose Small nasal septum Small septum of nose Hypoplastic nasal septum Underdevelopment of the nasal septum. Decreased size of nasal septum Decreased size of septum of nose Hypoplasia of septum of nose Small nasal septum Small septum of nose Fyler:4870 UMLS:C4025252 Abnormal nose morphology Abnormal of morphology of nose Abnormal of nasal shape Abnormal of shape of nose This is a category for overall abnormal morphology that may be replaced later with more exact descriptions. Abnormal nasal morphology Abnormal nose morphology Abnormal of morphology of nose Abnormal of nasal shape Abnormal of shape of nose An abnormality of the sacral bone. UMLS:C4025250 Abnormality of the sacrum The sacrum is the large, roughly triangular bone at the base of the verterbal column that is formed by fusion of the five sacral vertebrae S1 to S5. Abnormal sacrum morphology An abnormality of the sacral bone. Any structural abnormality of the intervertebral disk. UMLS:C4025249 Abnormality of the intervertebral disc Abnormality of the intervertebral disk Any abnormality of the fibrocartilaginous structures that are located between adjacent vertebral bodies. Abnormal intervertebral disk morphology Any structural abnormality of the intervertebral disk. Abnormality of the intervertebral disc Any structural abnormality of a cardiac atrium. UMLS:C4025246 Abnormality of cardiac atrium morphology Abnormality of heart atrium Abnormal cardiac atrium morphology Any structural abnormality of a cardiac atrium. Abnormality of heart atrium Refers to the specific combination of defects with a severely dysplastic pulmonary valve and massively dilated branch pulmonary arteries. SNOMEDCT_US:6996004 UMLS:C0265831 Absent pulmonary valve The distinctive feature of APVS is the airway obstruction caused by tracheobronchial compression that results from massive dilatation of the main pulmonary artery (PA) and its first- and second-order branches. Consequential tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia determine the timing and severity of respiratory compromise, as well as the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Absence of the pulmonary valve Refers to the specific combination of defects with a severely dysplastic pulmonary valve and massively dilated branch pulmonary arteries. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown Mitral annular calcification (MAC) results from progressive calcium deposition along and beneath the mitral valve annulus. UMLS:C1835130 Premature calcification of mitral annulus MAC is a common degenerative process involving the fibrous annulus of the mitral valve, and is generally an incidental finding associated with aging. This term applies if MAC occurs at a substantially younger age than usual. Mitral annular calcification Mitral annular calcification (MAC) results from progressive calcium deposition along and beneath the mitral valve annulus. PMID:23587525 Abnormal calcification of a cardiac valve. UMLS:C1856483 Calcifications of the cardiac valves Cardiac valve calcification Abnormal calcification of a cardiac valve. An impairment of the electrical continuity between the atria and ventricles. UMLS:C4025244 Abnormal atrioventricular conduction An impairment of the electrical continuity between the atria and ventricles. PMID:15372490 A type of cardiomyopathy characterized pathologically by hamartomatous lesions of cardiac Purkinje cells. MSH:C535584 UMLS:C1708371 Arachnocytosis of the myocardium Foamy myocardial transformation Focal lipid cardiomyopathy Infantile cardiomyopathy with histiocytoid changes Infantile xanthomatous cardiomyopathy Isolated cardiac lipidosis Myocardial or conduction system hamartoma Oncocytic cardiomyopathy This HPO term intends to refer to the histological changes that characterize histiocytoid cardiomyopthy. The disease entity Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy is a rare arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by incessant ventricular tachycardia, cardiomegaly, and often sudden death by age 2 years. Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy A type of cardiomyopathy characterized pathologically by hamartomatous lesions of cardiac Purkinje cells. PMID:21585276 PMID:28050600 Underdeveloped, small left heart atrium Fyler:3040 UMLS:C1970625 Left atrium hypoplasia Underdeveloped left heart atrium Hypoplastic left atrium A congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve characterized by leaflet deformation. UMLS:C1866206 Dysplasia of pulmonary valve Pulmonary valve dysplasia Dysplastic pulmonary valve A congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve characterized by leaflet deformation. PMID:7704986 Synovial hyperplasia involves proliferation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and leads to synovial thickening, which can be observed radiographically. MSH:D013585 SNOMEDCT_US:240206002 UMLS:C0410574 Synovial hyperplasia Synovial hypertrophy Synovial hyperplasia is a frequent clinical finding in patients with joint injury and other joint disorders. Synovial lining hyperplasia Synovial hyperplasia involves proliferation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and leads to synovial thickening, which can be observed radiographically. PMID:27412524 PMID:30618151 Absence of the abdominal musculature. UMLS:C3149223 Absent abdominal musculature Aplasia of the abdominal wall musculature Absence of the abdominal musculature. Hypertrophy of the stomach. Increased stomach size UMLS:C1834341 UMLS:C4280502 Gastric hypertrophy Hypertrophy of the stomach. Increased stomach size Underdevelopment of the colon. UMLS:C1392839 Hypoplasia of the colon Underdeveloped colon Hypoplastic colon Underdevelopment of the colon. Underdeveloped colon The presence of abnormal calcium deposition lesions in the pancreas. UMLS:C1842406 Pancreatic calcifications Pancreatic calcification The presence of abnormal calcium deposition lesions in the pancreas. Pancreatic calcifications UMLS:C1850328 Duplicated colon The presence of developmental dysplasia of the pancreas. UMLS:C4019084 Dysplasia is defined in MPATH as a distortion or deficiency of the tissue or cellular architecture. Pancreatic dysplasia The presence of developmental dysplasia of the pancreas. The presence of a hypoplastic gallbladder. SNOMEDCT_US:93259002 UMLS:C0345282 Hypoplastic gallbladder Hypoplasia of the gallbladder The presence of a hypoplastic gallbladder. The presence of degenerative changes of the liver. UMLS:C4025230 Degenerative liver disease The presence of degenerative changes of the liver. Developmental hypoplasia of the intestine. UMLS:C4021640 Hypoplastic intestines Underdeveloped instestine Intestinal hypoplasia Developmental hypoplasia of the intestine. Underdeveloped instestine Underdevelopment of the abdominal musculature. UMLS:C3279407 Abdominal muscular hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the abdominal wall musculature Underdevelopment of the abdominal musculature. UMLS:C1837482 Small chest Small thorax Thoracic hypoplasia Small chest Small thorax Any structural anomaly of the synovium, which is a membrane that lines the cavity of synovial joints and consists of a lining layer of macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes, as well as a sublining of connective tissue. Synovial cells are thought to contribute to joint homeostasis by secreting various factors such as hyaluronic acid and lubricin important for joint lubrication and function, as well as disposing of the waste products. UMLS:C4025225 Abnormal synovial membrane morphology Any structural anomaly of the synovium, which is a membrane that lines the cavity of synovial joints and consists of a lining layer of macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes, as well as a sublining of connective tissue. Synovial cells are thought to contribute to joint homeostasis by secreting various factors such as hyaluronic acid and lubricin important for joint lubrication and function, as well as disposing of the waste products. PMID:27412524 The presence of inflammation of the gastric mucous membrane. MEDDRA:10017853 MSH:D005756 SNOMEDCT_US:4556007 UMLS:C0017152 Stomach inflammation Gastritis The presence of inflammation of the gastric mucous membrane. MEDDRA:10017853 Gastritis Stomach inflammation An abnormality of the gallbladder. SNOMEDCT_US:253803008 SNOMEDCT_US:49714001 UMLS:C0266249 Abnormality of the gallbladder Anomaly of the gallbladder Abnormality of the gallbladder An abnormality of the gallbladder. Abnormality of the gallbladder An abnormality of the jejunum, i.e., of the middle section of the small intestine. UMLS:C4025224 Abnormality of the jejunum Abnormal jejunum morphology An abnormality of the jejunum, i.e., of the middle section of the small intestine. A discrete abnormal tissue mass that protrudes into the lumen of the intestine and is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or a broad base. MSH:D007417 SNOMEDCT_US:254588001 UMLS:C0021846 Intestinal polyps Intestinal polyp A discrete abnormal tissue mass that protrudes into the lumen of the intestine and is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or a broad base. Lack of the cartilage of the nasal septum. UMLS:C4021638 UMLS:C4280501 Absent nasal septal cartilage Absent nasal septum Ageneis of nasal septal cartilage Failure of development of nasal septal cartilage Absent nasal septal cartilage Lack of the cartilage of the nasal septum. Absent nasal septal cartilage Absent nasal septum Ageneis of nasal septal cartilage Failure of development of nasal septal cartilage UMLS:C1855616 Cartilaginous nasal ossification Cartilaginous ossification of nose Cartilaginous nasal ossification UMLS:C1844731 UMLS:C4280496 UMLS:C4280497 Decreased size of nasal tip Decreased size of tip of nose Hypoplasia of tip of nose Small nasal tip Small tip of nose Underdevelopment of nasal tip Underdevelopment of tip of nose Aplasia of nasal tip Deficient nasal tip Hypotrophic nasal tip Hypotrophic tip of nose Hypoplastic nasal tip Decreased size of nasal tip Decreased size of tip of nose Hypoplasia of tip of nose Small nasal tip Small tip of nose Underdevelopment of nasal tip Underdevelopment of tip of nose Aplasia of nasal tip Deficient nasal tip Hypotrophic nasal tip Hypotrophic tip of nose Abnormality of the nostril. UMLS:C4021637 Abnormal naris morphology Abnormality of the nares Abnormality of the nostrils Anomaly of the nares Deformity of the nares Deformity of the nostrils Malformation of the nares Malformation of the nostrils Abnormal nostril morphology Abnormality of the nostril. Abnormality of the nostrils Anomaly of the nares Deformity of the nares Deformity of the nostrils Malformation of the nares Malformation of the nostrils UMLS:C1855736 UMLS:C4280491 UMLS:C4280492 UMLS:C4280493 Decreased size of internal carotid artery Small internal carotid artery Aplasia of internal carotid artery Deficiency of internal carotid artery Hypotrophic internal carotid artery Internal carotid artery hypoplasia Decreased size of internal carotid artery Small internal carotid artery Aplasia of internal carotid artery Deficiency of internal carotid artery Hypotrophic internal carotid artery Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the arch of aorta. UMLS:C1969291 Aortic arch calcification Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the arch of aorta. UMLS:C1970501 Underdeveloped lung veins Hypoplastic pulmonary veins Underdeveloped lung veins Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a cerebral vein, causing the obstruction of blood flow. SNOMEDCT_US:95455008 UMLS:C0151945 Blood clot in cerebral vein Cerebral thrombosis Cerebral vein thrombosis Cerebral venous thrombosis Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a cerebral vein, causing the obstruction of blood flow. Blood clot in cerebral vein A developmental defect characterized by the lack of formation of the pulmonary blood vessels. UMLS:C1970630 Absent lung vessels Agenesis of pulmonary vessels Absent lung vessels UMLS:C3277426 Lack of facial fat below the skin Lack of facial subcutaneous fat Lack of facial fat below the skin Underdevelopment of the urinary bladder. UMLS:C1855335 Hypoplastic bladder Underdeveloped bladder Hypoplasia of the bladder Underdevelopment of the urinary bladder. Underdeveloped bladder Any structural abnormality of the carotid arteries, including the common carotid artery and its' arterial branches. UMLS:C4025211 Abnormality of the carotid arteries Abnormal carotid artery morphology An abnormality of the structure of the veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart, i.e., the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. UMLS:C4025210 Abnormality of the vena cava Abnormal vena cava morphology A severe form of B lymphocytopenia in which the count of B cells is very low or absent. UMLS:C1863715 UMLS:C4020824 Absent B cells Absence of B cells Severe B lymphocytopenia A severe form of B lymphocytopenia in which the count of B cells is very low or absent. An abnormality of the humoral immune system, which comprises antibodies produced by B cells as well as the complement system. UMLS:C3150510 Defective humoral immunity Abnormality of humoral immunity An abnormality of the humoral immune system, which comprises antibodies produced by B cells as well as the complement system. An abnormality of the physiological functioning of B cells. UMLS:C1849242 Abnormality of B cell physiology Reduced B cell function This term refers to any abnormality of the B cells, which play a role in the humoral immune response. The main functions of B cells are to produce antibodies, to perform the role of antigen presenting cells, and to develop into memory cells. Abnormality of B cell physiology An abnormality of the physiological functioning of B cells. Abnormality of B cell physiology Reduced B cell function An immunodeficiency characterized by defective cell-mediated immunity or humoral immunity. UMLS:C1855204 Cellular immunodeficiency An immunodeficiency characterized by defective cell-mediated immunity or humoral immunity. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/cellular-immunodeficiency An abnormally low count of T cells. MSH:C536783 UMLS:C2931322 Decrease in T cell count Decrease in T cell number Decreased numbers of circulating T cells Low T cell count Reduced number of T cells T lymphocytopenia An abnormally low count of T cells. Decrease in T cell count Low T cell count Reduced number of T cells An abnormal increase from the normal count of B cells. UMLS:C1858972 Increase in B cell count Increase in B cell number Increased number of B cells Increased B cell count An abnormal increase from the normal count of B cells. Decreased or impaired activation of T cells in response to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. UMLS:C1846550 Decreased T lymphocyte activation Decreased T-cell activation Decreased T-lymphocyte activation Defective T cell activation Profound depletion of T4+ lymphocytes Decreased T cell activation Decreased or impaired activation of T cells in response to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. ISBN:0781735149 Abnormally reduced ability of T cells to perform their functions in cell-mediated immunity. UMLS:C1860127 Impaired T cell function T-cell dysfunction Impaired T cell function Abnormally reduced ability of T cells to perform their functions in cell-mediated immunity. Impaired T cell function T-cell dysfunction An increased density in the cranial sutures following obliteration. UMLS:C4025195 Sclerotic cranial sutures An increased density in the cranial sutures following obliteration. UMLS:C1835442 Decreased cranial base ossification Normally, the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior fontanelle closes by about the middle of the second year. This term refers to the situation in which the fontanelles close at an inappropriately early time point. Early closure of the cranial sutures Premature closure of the cranial sutures MSH:D003398 SNOMEDCT_US:1667003 SNOMEDCT_US:57219006 UMLS:C0010278 UMLS:C0277827 UMLS:C4072853 Early closure of the fontanelles Obliterated fontanelles Early closure of the bregma sutures Premature closure of the bregma sutures Premature closure of fontanelles Normally, the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior fontanelle closes by about the middle of the second year. This term refers to the situation in which the fontanelles close at an inappropriately early time point. Early closure of the cranial sutures Premature closure of the cranial sutures Early closure of the fontanelles Early closure of the bregma sutures Premature closure of the bregma sutures Underdevelopment of the frontal bone. UMLS:C1845147 UMLS:C4280483 UMLS:C4280484 Decreased size of bone of forehead Hypoplastic frontal bones Small bone of forehead Underdevelopment of bone of forehead Hypotrophic frontal bone Hypotrophic frontal bones Thin bone of forehead Hypoplasia of the frontal bone Underdevelopment of the frontal bone. Decreased size of bone of forehead Small bone of forehead Underdevelopment of bone of forehead Hypotrophic frontal bone Hypotrophic frontal bones Thin bone of forehead Reduced convexity of the occiput (posterior part of skull). Flat back of skull Flat back of the head Flat back of the skull Flat posterior head UMLS:C1837402 UMLS:C4280482 Flat posterior cranium Posterior flattening of the skull Reduced convexity of the occiput gives an appearance of flattening. There are no objective measures for convexity of the occiput, and evaluation depends heavily on the experience of the observer. This finding may or may not be accompanied by Brachycephaly (which should be coded separately), and may be observed more frequently when an infant is placed to sleep on his/her back. Occipital plagiocephaly can result from fusion or sclerosis of the lambdoid suture. If unilateral, this is accompanied by unilateral occipital flattening and bulging of the ispilateral frontal bone. Flat occiput Reduced convexity of the occiput (posterior part of skull). PMID:19125436 Flat back of skull Flat back of the head Flat back of the skull Flat posterior head Flat posterior cranium Abnormal reduction in ossification of the calvaria (roof of the skull consisting of the frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bones, and occipital bone). UMLS:C1833762 Poorly ossified calvaria Poorly ossified calvarium Soft calvaria Soft skullcap Undermineralized calvarium Skull soft on palpation A hypomineralised skull castes little or no acoustic shadow on prenatal ultrasound. This makes visualization of the intracranial anatomy clearer than normal. In conditions associated with profound hypomineralisation, the skull shape can be distorted by pressure from the ultrasound transducer later in pregnancy. Decreased calvarial ossification Abnormal reduction in ossification of the calvaria (roof of the skull consisting of the frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bones, and occipital bone). PMID:31173381 Soft skullcap Head circumference which falls below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender because of insufficient head growth after birth. Development of small head that was not present at birth UMLS:C1847514 Acquired microcephaly Deceleration of head growth Microcephaly, acquired Microcephaly, postnatal Postnatal deceleration of head circumference Postnatal microcephaly Secondary microcephaly Head circumference which falls below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender because of insufficient head growth after birth. Development of small head that was not present at birth Acquired microcephaly A fontanelle that is small for age. Little cranial sutures Small cranial sutures SNOMEDCT_US:276710001 UMLS:C0456133 UMLS:C4072854 UMLS:C4072855 Little fontanelle Microfontanelle Small soft spot Small bregma sutures Small fontanelle A fontanelle that is small for age. PMID:12825844 Little cranial sutures Small cranial sutures Little fontanelle Microfontanelle Small soft spot Small bregma sutures A transient reduction in the number of erythroblasts in the circulation. UMLS:C4082199 Transient decrease in blood erythrocyte number An erythroblast, the immediate precursor of a normal erythrocyte which, still retains a cell nucleus. Transient erythroblastopenia A transient reduction in the number of erythroblasts in the circulation. Transient decrease in blood erythrocyte number Increased megakaryocyte number, i.e., of platelet precursor cells, present in the bone marrow. UMLS:C4025187 Increased megakaryocyte count Increased megakaryocyte number, i.e., of platelet precursor cells, present in the bone marrow. Average platelet volume below the lower limit of the normal reference interval. UMLS:C1096368 UMLS:C1833182 Small platelet size Small platelets Small platelets size Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of the average size of platelets, with a typical reference range of 7.5 to 11.5 femtoliters (fL). Decreased mean platelet volume Average platelet volume below the lower limit of the normal reference interval. Small platelet size Small platelets Small platelets size A reduced count of megakaryocytes. UMLS:C1858312 Megakaryocytes decreased im bone marrow Megakaryocytes are giant cells in the bone marrow. Mature blood platelets are released from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes. Megakaryocytopenia A reduced count of megakaryocytes. The frontal suture divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children and generally undergoes fusion by the age of six. A persistent frontal suture is referred to as a "metopic suture". UMLS:C4025180 Abnormality of the metopic suture The frontal suture divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children and generally undergoes fusion by the age of six. A persistent frontal suture is referred to as a "metopic suture". An anomaly of the form or number of cells in the bone marrow. MSH:D001855 SNOMEDCT_US:127035006 UMLS:C0005956 UMLS:C4021634 Abnormality of bone marrow cell morphology Anomaly of the bone marrow cells Bone marrow disease Abnormal bone marrow cell morphology An anomaly of the form or number of cells in the bone marrow. Bone marrow disease A reduction in the count of nephrons per kidney. UMLS:C1841994 UMLS:C2673888 Oligonephronia Decreased numbers of glomeruli Decreased numbers of nephrons A reduction in the count of nephrons per kidney. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl A duplication of the renal pelvis. UMLS:C1839269 Duplication of renal pelvis A duplication of the renal pelvis. Fyler:4232 UMLS:C4021631 Tracheobronchial anomalies Abnormal tracheobronchial morphology SNOMEDCT_US:51047007 UMLS:C0232769 Gallbladder dysfunction Gallbladder dysfunction Gallbladder dysfunction Absence or underdevelopment of the femur. UMLS:C1851310 Absent/small thighbone Absent/underdeveloped thighbone Hypoplastic to absent femora Hypoplastic/aplastic femora Aplasia/hypoplasia of the femur Absence or underdevelopment of the femur. Absent/small thighbone Absent/underdeveloped thighbone The ability of the interphalangeal joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. UMLS:C4025172 Increased mobility of hinge joints Hypermobility of interphalangeal joints The ability of the interphalangeal joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. Increased mobility of hinge joints Acalvaria is an extremely rare congenital malformation characterized by an absence of flat bones of skull, dura mater, and associated muscles in the presence of normal cranial contents and facial bones. UMLS:C4021629 Absent bone maturation of skullcap Absent ossification of skull vault Acalvaria Absent ossification of the calvaria (vault of the skull). Absent ossification of calvaria Acalvaria is an extremely rare congenital malformation characterized by an absence of flat bones of skull, dura mater, and associated muscles in the presence of normal cranial contents and facial bones. Absent bone maturation of skullcap Osteoporosis affecting predominantly the vertebrae. UMLS:C4025170 Osteoporosis of vertebrae Osteoporosis affecting predominantly the vertebrae. UMLS:C1408532 Absent forearm Absent forearms Absent forearm Absent forearm Absent forearms The presence of abnormal calcium deposition of the intervertebral disk. SNOMEDCT_US:240211000 UMLS:C0410607 Intervertebral disc calcification Multiple intervertebral disc calcifications Multiple intervertebral disk calcifications Intervertebral disk calcification The presence of abnormal calcium deposition of the intervertebral disk. Intervertebral disc calcification Multiple intervertebral disc calcifications UMLS:C4025150 Flattened end part of knee bone Flattened knee epiphyses Flattened end part of knee bone Underdevelopment (reduced size) of the tibia. UMLS:C1850259 UMLS:C1855277 Hypoplasia of the tibia Hypoplastic tibia Short shinbone Short skankbone Short tibiae Shortening of the shankbone Shortening of the shinbone Shortening of the tibia Short tibia Underdevelopment (reduced size) of the tibia. Short shinbone Short skankbone A limitation in the passive range of motion of a joint of the lower limb resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. UMLS:C1859523 Contractures of the joints of the lower limbs Contractures, lower limbs Lower-limb joint contracture Absence or underdevelopment of the tibia. UMLS:C1969181 Absent/hypoplastic tibia Absent/small shankbone Absent/small shinbone Absent/underdeveloped shankbone Absent/underdeveloped shinbone Aplastic/hypoplastic tibia Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the tibia Absence or underdevelopment of the tibia. Absent/small shankbone Absent/small shinbone Absent/underdeveloped shankbone Absent/underdeveloped shinbone Underdevelopment of both forearm bones, the ulna and the radius, resulting in a shortened forearm. UMLS:C1855299 Hypoplasia of both radius and ulna Short forearm Short forearm Underdevelopment of both forearm bones, the ulna and the radius, resulting in a shortened forearm. Short forearm A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance beween the vertebral endplates affecting the lumbar spine. UMLS:C4025136 Lumbar platyspondyly A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance beween the vertebral endplates affecting the lumbar spine. Underdevelopment of the humerus. UMLS:C1832117 Humeral hypoplasia Humeral shortening Hypoplastic humerus Short humeri Short humerus Short long bone of upper arm Short upper arms Short humerus Underdevelopment of the humerus. Short humerus Short long bone of upper arm Short upper arms Aplasia (absence) of the distal phalanges. UMLS:C1861339 Absent outermost digital bones Absent distal phalanges Aplasia (absence) of the distal phalanges. Absent outermost digital bones The presence of more than 12 rib pairs. SNOMEDCT_US:205460009 UMLS:C0345397 Extra ribs Supernumerary ribs The presence of more than 12 rib pairs. Extra ribs Short (hypoplastic) middle phalanx of finger, affecting one or more fingers. UMLS:C1846950 Brachymesophalangy Disproportionately short middle phalanges Hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of the hand Hypoplastic middle phalanges Hypoplastic middle phalanx Midphalangeal hypoplasia Short middle bone of finger Short middle phalanges Shortened middle finger bones Short middle phalanx of finger Short (hypoplastic) middle phalanx of finger, affecting one or more fingers. Short middle bone of finger UMLS:C4025128 Mixed sclerosis of humeral metaphyses One or more bent (flexed) toe joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C1406835 Contractures involving the toes Contractures of the toes Toe contractures Flexion contracture of toe One or more bent (flexed) toe joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively. An abnormally round shape of the middle phalanx of the finger. UMLS:C4025126 Rounded middle bone of finger Rounded middle phalanx of finger An abnormally round shape of the middle phalanx of the finger. Rounded middle bone of finger A lack of bone mineralization of one or more body of cervical vertebra. UMLS:C4025115 Absent ossification of cervical vertebral bodies A lack of bone mineralization of one or more body of cervical vertebra. The presence of an abnormal curvature of the cervical vertebral column. UMLS:C3151523 Abnormal neck curve Abnormal cervical curvature The presence of an abnormal curvature of the cervical vertebral column. Abnormal neck curve UMLS:C4025110 Abnormality of end part of long bone of hand Abnormality of metacarpal epiphyses Abnormal metacarpal epiphysis morphology Abnormality of end part of long bone of hand Aplasia or Hypoplasia affecting the metacarpal bones. UMLS:C1836192 Absent or hypoplastic metacarpals Absent/small long bones of hand Absent/underdeveloped long bones of hand Aplastic/hypoplastic metacarpals Hypoplastic metacarpals Hypoplastic/absent metacarpal bones Hypoplastic/absent metacarpals Metacarpal aplasia/hypoplasia Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the metacarpal bones Aplasia or Hypoplasia affecting the metacarpal bones. Absent/small long bones of hand Absent/underdeveloped long bones of hand Any abnormal shape or structure of the metacarpal bones. UMLS:C4021615 Abnormal shape of long bones of hand Abnormal shape of metacarpal bones Abnormal metacarpal morphology Any abnormal shape or structure of the metacarpal bones. Abnormal shape of long bones of hand The presence of more than the normal number of metacarpal bones. SNOMEDCT_US:91846008 UMLS:C0545617 Extra long bones of hand Supernumerary metacarpal bones The presence of more than the normal number of metacarpal bones. Extra long bones of hand Abnormalities affecting the phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4021614 Abnormal form of phalanges of the hand Abnormality of phalanx of finger Abnormality of the finger bones Abnormality of the phalanges Abnormality of the phalanges of the hand This category is a supercategory for abnormalties affect phalanges of the hand. Abnormal finger phalanx morphology Abnormalities affecting the phalanx of finger. Abnormality of the finger bones Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand. Note that this includes the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal. In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5 (whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits). UMLS:C4021613 Abnormal epiphysis morphology of the phalanges of the hand Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand. Note that this includes the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal. In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5 (whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits). Any structural anomaly of the hand. UMLS:C4025109 Abnormal shape of hand This is a category to be used for general descriptions of hand dysmorphology. In time, it should be replaced by more accurate descriptions. Abnormal hand morphology Any structural anomaly of the hand. Abnormal shape of hand UMLS:C4025108 Abnormalities of the metaphyses of the hand Abnormality of the wide portion of the hand bone Abnormal hand metaphysis morphology Abnormality of the wide portion of the hand bone Any abnormality of the epiphyses of the phalanges or metacarpal bones. UMLS:C4025107 Abnormality of the end part of the hand bone Abnormality of the end part of the hand bones Abnormality of the epiphyses of the fingers Abnormality of the epiphyses of the hand Abnormality of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand Abnormal hand epiphysis morphology Any abnormality of the epiphyses of the phalanges or metacarpal bones. Abnormality of the end part of the hand bone UMLS:C4025106 Abnormalities of shaft of long bone of the hand Abnormalities of the diaphyses of the hand Abnormal hand diaphysis morphology Abnormalities of shaft of long bone of the hand Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the bones of the hand. UMLS:C4021612 Absent/small hand bones Absent/underdeveloped hand bones Hypoplasia/absence of hand bones Aplasia/hypoplasia involving bones of the hand Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the bones of the hand. Absent/small hand bones Absent/underdeveloped hand bones An anomaly of epiphysis, which is the expanded articular end of a long bone that developes from a secondary ossification center, and which during the period of growth is either entirely cartilaginous or is separated from the shaft by a cartilaginous disk. UMLS:C4021611 Abnormal shape of end part of bone Abnormality of epiphysis morphology Abnormality of the epiphyses Anomaly of the epiphyses Epiphyseal abnormality Abnormal epiphysis morphology An anomaly of epiphysis, which is the expanded articular end of a long bone that developes from a secondary ossification center, and which during the period of growth is either entirely cartilaginous or is separated from the shaft by a cartilaginous disk. Abnormal shape of end part of bone A decreased concentration of arginine in the blood. UMLS:C1859735 UMLS:C4025095 Low blood arginine levels Arginine deficiency Hypoargininemia A decreased concentration of arginine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Low blood arginine levels Developmental hypoplasia of the thyroid gland. MSH:D050033 SNOMEDCT_US:367524008 UMLS:C0151516 Hypoplastic thyroid Small thyroid gland Thyroid hypoplasia Developmental hypoplasia of the thyroid gland. Small thyroid gland Reduced amount of adipose tissue in the region of the neck. UMLS:C1837763 Loss of adipose tissue around the neck Loss of fat around neck Decreased adipose tissue around neck Reduced amount of adipose tissue in the region of the neck. Loss of fat around neck UMLS:C1860111 Abnormally shaped wrist bones Abnormally shaped carpal bones Abnormally shaped wrist bones Delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more phalanx. UMLS:C4021609 Delayed phalangeal epiphyseal bone maturation Delayed bone maturation of end part of digital bone Delayed phalangeal epiphyseal ossification Delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more phalanx. Delayed bone maturation of end part of digital bone UMLS:C1850632 Rounded end part of bone Rounded epiphyses Rounded end part of bone A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more long bones. UMLS:C1835573 Multiple carpal ossification centres Multiple carpal ossification centers A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more long bones. Multiple carpal ossification centres SNOMEDCT_US:298193009 UMLS:C0574974 Increased mobility in finger joint Finger joint hypermobility Increased mobility in finger joint Increased length of the proximal phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4025090 Long innermost finger bone Long proximal phalanx of finger Increased length of the proximal phalanx of finger. Long innermost finger bone Abnormally large size of one or more growth plates (epiphyses) of the metacarpal bones (i.e., the tubular bones of the hand between the carpus and the phalanges). UMLS:C1865035 Enlarged end part of long bone of hand Enlarged metacarpal epiphyses Abnormally large size of one or more growth plates (epiphyses) of the metacarpal bones (i.e., the tubular bones of the hand between the carpus and the phalanges). Enlarged end part of long bone of hand Increased length of multiple or a single phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4025087 Long finger bone Long phalanx of finger Increased length of multiple or a single phalanx of finger. Long finger bone Bending or curvature of a thumb towards the ulnar side (towards the ring finger). Curved thumb deviated towards palm SNOMEDCT_US:299137000 UMLS:C0575904 UMLS:C4280465 Ulnar deviation of the 1st finger Ulnar deviation of thumb Bending or curvature of a thumb towards the ulnar side (towards the ring finger). PMID:10955488 Curved thumb deviated towards palm UMLS:C1859700 Enlarged metacarpophalangeal joints UMLS:C1859369 Cylindrical shaped long bones of hand Tubular metacarpal bones Cylindrical shaped long bones of hand UMLS:C1839285 Two carpal ossification centres present at birth Two carpal ossification centers present at birth Two carpal ossification centres present at birth UMLS:C1861350 Enlarged innermost hinge joint Enlarged proximal interphalangeal joints Enlarged innermost hinge joint UMLS:C1851811 Increased mobility of outermost hinge joint Hypermobility of distal interphalangeal joints Increased mobility of outermost hinge joint UMLS:C1859701 Enlarged hinge joints Enlarged interphalangeal joints Enlarged hinge joints Concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. UMLS:C0235971 UMLS:C0476489 Increased levels of alpha fetoprotein Increased serum alpha-fetoprotein Serum alpha-fetoprotein increased Alpha fetoprotein abnormal An elevation of alpha-feto protein, which is produced by the fetal liver and the yolk sac and may be increased in the serum of pregnant women with a fetus with some types of developmental anomaly such as open neural tube defects and omphalocele. Elevated circulating alpha-fetoprotein concentration Concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti UMLS:C4025076 Abnormality of hand joint mobility Abnormality of hand joint mobility Abnormality of hand joint mobility UMLS:C4025075 Abnormal wrist bone maturation Abnormality of carpal bone ossification Abnormal wrist bone maturation UMLS:C4021604 Abnormality of phalangeal joints of the hand Abnormality of the small joints of the hand Abnormal phalangeal joint morphology of the hand Abnormality of the small joints of the hand A small/hypoplastic or absent/aplastic 5th finger. UMLS:C4025074 Absent/small little finger Absent/small pinkie finger Absent/small pinky finger Absent/underdeveloped little finger Absent/underdeveloped pinkie finger Absent/underdeveloped pinky finger Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 5th finger A small/hypoplastic or absent/aplastic 5th finger. Absent/small little finger Absent/small pinkie finger Absent/small pinky finger Absent/underdeveloped little finger Absent/underdeveloped pinkie finger Absent/underdeveloped pinky finger Small/hypoplastic or absent/aplastic fingers. UMLS:C4025071 Absent/small fingers Absent/underdeveloped fingers Aplasia/Hypoplasia of fingers Small/hypoplastic or absent/aplastic fingers. Absent/small fingers Absent/underdeveloped fingers Reduced size of the placenta. SNOMEDCT_US:289264006 UMLS:C0566694 Small placenta Small placenta Reduced size of the placenta. Small placenta Increased size of the placenta. SNOMEDCT_US:289263000 UMLS:C0566693 Large placenta Placental enlargement Large placenta Increased size of the placenta. Large placenta Underdevelopment of the spleen. UMLS:C1970617 Underdeveloped spleen Hypoplastic spleen Underdevelopment of the spleen. Underdeveloped spleen Reduced number of beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. UMLS:C1856904 The beta cells are responsible for producing insulin and amylin. Reduced pancreatic beta cells Reduced number of beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. UMLS:C1969875 Beta-cell dysfunction Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel. Defective enamel matrix Thin dental enamel Thin tooth enamel MSH:D003744 SNOMEDCT_US:26597004 SNOMEDCT_US:699382004 SNOMEDCT_US:699421005 UMLS:C0011351 UMLS:C1851854 UMLS:C4280456 UMLS:C4280457 Dental enamel hypoplasia Enamel hypotrophy Enamel, underdeveloped Hypoplasia of dental enamel Hypoplasia of tooth enamel Underdeveloped teeth enamel Dysplasia of tooth enamel Enamel dysplasia Enamel hypoplasia can be caused by genetic or environmental factors. It may occur in both deciduous and permanent dentitions, although more often in the permanent dentition. Enamel hypoplasia may concern a single tooth, several teeth, or the complete dentition and may affect part or the complete surface of the tooth. Enamel hypoplasia regroups different clinical aspects: localized hypoplasia, generalized hypoplasia, enamel pits, enamel striae, and grooves defects. The term should be used to describe a quantitative defect of enamel. Enamel hypotrophy cannot be used as hypotrophy indicates loss of cells, whereas enamel is an acellular structure and thus not a tissue. Enamel hypoplasia Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel. PMID:18499550 PMID:31468724 Defective enamel matrix Thin dental enamel Thin tooth enamel Hypoplasia of tooth enamel Underdeveloped teeth enamel Dysplasia of tooth enamel Dagger-shaped calcifications in the dental pulp. UMLS:C4025067 Dagger shaped pulp denticles Dagger shaped pulp stones Dagger-shaped pulp calcifications Dagger-shaped calcifications in the dental pulp. Dagger shaped pulp denticles Dagger shaped pulp stones UMLS:C1855642 UMLS:C4280454 UMLS:C4280455 Atrophy of alveolar margins Atrophy of alveolar processes of jaw Resorption of alveolar margins Resorption of alveolar processes of jaw Resorption of alveolar ridges Shrinking of alveolar ridges Shrinking of gum ridges Alveolar bone loss Flattening of alveolar margin Flattening of alveolar processes of jaw Flattening of alveolar ridges Flattening of gum ridges Atrophy of alveolar ridges Atrophy of alveolar margins Atrophy of alveolar processes of jaw Resorption of alveolar margins Resorption of alveolar processes of jaw Resorption of alveolar ridges Shrinking of alveolar ridges Shrinking of gum ridges Flattening of alveolar margin Flattening of alveolar processes of jaw Flattening of alveolar ridges Flattening of gum ridges Tooth root length more than 2 SD below mean, or subjectively apparently decreased tooth root length. Underdeveloped tooth roots UMLS:C2678330 Decreased length of dental roots Decreased length of tooth roots Dental root hypoplasia Dental root hypotrophy Rhizomicry Root dwarfism Short dental roots Short tooth roots Underdeveloped dental roots Short dental root Tooth root length more than 2 SD below mean, or subjectively apparently decreased tooth root length. PMID:31468724 Underdeveloped tooth roots Decreased length of dental roots Decreased length of tooth roots Short dental roots Short tooth roots Underdeveloped dental roots An alteration of the normally relatively smooth margins of the kneecap in radiographic images leading to an irregular contour. UMLS:C1836870 Irregular patellar contour Irregular patellar margins Irregular patellae An alteration of the normally relatively smooth margins of the kneecap in radiographic images leading to an irregular contour. A type of knee joint contracture in which the knee is in a fixed bent (flexed) configuration such that it cannot be straightened actively or passively. Inability to straighten knee SNOMEDCT_US:202289003 UMLS:C0409355 Flexion contracture of knees Flexion contractures at both knees Flexion contractures of knees Flexion deformity of the knee Knee flexion contractures Knee flexion deformity Knee flexion contracture A type of knee joint contracture in which the knee is in a fixed bent (flexed) configuration such that it cannot be straightened actively or passively. PMID:31282072 Inability to straighten knee Flexion contractures at both knees Shortening of the legs related to developmental hypoplasia of the bones of the leg. SNOMEDCT_US:249786007 UMLS:C0426901 Short legs Short lower limbs Short lower limbs Shortening of the legs related to developmental hypoplasia of the bones of the leg. Short legs Short lower limbs An abnormal increase in the bone density of the long bones. UMLS:C1849307 Increased density of long bones Increased density of long bones An abnormal increase in the bone density of the long bones. Increased density of long bones UMLS:C1859462 Absent knee end part Absent knee epiphyses Absent knee end part UMLS:C1840307 Short outer part of limbs Distal shortening of limbs Short outer part of limbs UMLS:C1968943 Rudimentary to absent tibiae UMLS:C1844516 Increased density of shaft of long bone Increased density of long bone diaphyses Increased density of shaft of long bone Underdevelopment or shortening of the end of the fibula (calf bone) nearest the knee. UMLS:C1859478 Small innermost upper end of calf bone Underdeveloped innermost upper end of calf bone Hypoplasia of proximal fibula Underdevelopment or shortening of the end of the fibula (calf bone) nearest the knee. PMID:880750 Small innermost upper end of calf bone Underdeveloped innermost upper end of calf bone Absence of the patella. UMLS:C1868578 Absent kneecap Absent patella Absent patellae Absent patellas Aplastic patellae Patellar aplasia Absence of the patella. Absent kneecap UMLS:C1849580 Dysplastic patella UMLS:C1857193 Multicentric ossification of proximal femoral epiphyses Formation of bone in the patella later than normal. UMLS:C4021597 UMLS:C4280446 Delayed patellae ossification Delayed bone maturation of the knee cap The patella initially ossifies at between three and five years, commencing as multiple foci that rapidly coalesce. As the patellar ossification center enlarges the expanding margins may be irregular and associated with accessory ossification centers. These are most common superolaterally and may lead to the development of a bipartite patella. The bipartite patella has cartilaginous continuity despite the appearance of osseous discontinuity. The patella expands to all cartilaginous contours during late adolescence when the epiphyseal ossification centers around the knee are also in the final stages of maturation. The only cartilage not replaced is that occupying the superior two-thirds of the articular surface (the lower one-third is covered by the fat pad). The subchondral plate does not assume the actual articular contours until the late stages of osseous maturation (after ten to twelve years). Accordingly, typical measurements such as medial and lateral angulation cannot be accurately done prior to the final stages of patellar ossification expansion and maturation (PMID:6729496). Delayed patellar ossification Formation of bone in the patella later than normal. PMID:6729496 Delayed bone maturation of the knee cap UMLS:C1837407 Ankle flexion contracture An abnormality of the islet of Langerhans, i.e., of the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells. These are the alpha cells, which produce glucagon, the beta cells, which produce insulin and amylin, the delta cells, which produce somatostatin, the PP cells, which produce pancreatic polypeptide, and the epsilon cells, which produce ghrelin. UMLS:C4025043 Abnormality of the pancreatic islet cells An abnormality of the islet of Langerhans, i.e., of the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells. These are the alpha cells, which produce glucagon, the beta cells, which produce insulin and amylin, the delta cells, which produce somatostatin, the PP cells, which produce pancreatic polypeptide, and the epsilon cells, which produce ghrelin. Any abnormality of the alveolar ridges (on the upper or lower jaws). The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth. Abnormality of the alveolar ridges SNOMEDCT_US:235013007 UMLS:C0341007 UMLS:C4280445 Abnormality of alveolar margin Abnormality of dentoalveolar ridges Abnormality of gum ridge Defect in alveolar ridge Abnormality of alveolar processes of jaw Abnormal alveolar ridge morphology Any abnormality of the alveolar ridges (on the upper or lower jaws). The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth. Abnormality of alveolar margin Abnormality of dentoalveolar ridges Abnormality of gum ridge Abnormality of alveolar processes of jaw An abnormality of the dental pulp. UMLS:C4025042 Abnormality of the dental pulp Abnormality of tooth pulp Endodontic abnormality Abnormal dental pulp morphology An abnormality of the dental pulp. Abnormality of tooth pulp Endodontic abnormality An abnormality of the morphology of the tooth. MSH:D014071 SNOMEDCT_US:422775003 UMLS:C0040427 UMLS:C0262444 Abnormality of dental morphology Abnormality of dental shape Abnormality of shape of tooth Abnormally shaped teeth Deformity of teeth Dental deformity Dental malformations Malformation of teeth Malformed teeth Misshapen teeth Misshapened teeth Abnormal dental morphology An abnormality of the morphology of the tooth. Abnormality of dental shape Abnormality of shape of tooth Abnormally shaped teeth Deformity of teeth Dental deformity Dental malformations Malformation of teeth Malformed teeth Misshapen teeth Misshapened teeth The presence of an altered number of of teeth. SNOMEDCT_US:335443002 UMLS:C1290508 Abnormal complement of teeth Abnormal number of teeth Abnormal tooth count Humans usually have 20 primary teeth (also called deciduous teeth) and 32 permanent teeth. This term comprises anomalies with too many or too few teeth. Abnormal number of teeth The presence of an altered number of of teeth. Abnormal complement of teeth Abnormal number of teeth Abnormal tooth count An abnormality of the dental root. UMLS:C4025041 Abnormality of the dental root Abnormality of tooth root Dental root anomaly Abnormal dental root morphology An abnormality of the dental root. Abnormality of the dental root Abnormality of tooth root An anomaly of the femoral metaphysis. Abnormality of the wide portion of the femoral bone UMLS:C4025040 UMLS:C4280444 Abnormality of the femoral metaphysis Abnormal femoral metaphysis morphology An anomaly of the femoral metaphysis. Abnormality of the wide portion of the femoral bone UMLS:C4025039 Abnormality of lower-limb metaphyses Abnormality of the wide portion of the lower-limb bone Abnormal lower-limb metaphysis morphology Abnormality of the wide portion of the lower-limb bone Abnormality of the wide portion of shankbone Abnormality of the wide portion of shinbone UMLS:C4025038 Abnormality of the tibial metaphysis Abnormal tibial metaphysis morphology Abnormality of the wide portion of shankbone Abnormality of the wide portion of shinbone Absence or underdevelopment of the fibula. UMLS:C1856732 Absent/small calf bone Absent/underdeveloped calf bone Fibular aplasia/hypoplasia Hypoplastic/aplastic fibulae Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the fibula Absence or underdevelopment of the fibula. Absent/small calf bone Absent/underdeveloped calf bone Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the bones of the lower limbs. UMLS:C4025037 Absent/small lower limb bones Absent/underdeveloped lower limb bones Aplasia/hypoplasia involving bones of the lower limbs Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the bones of the lower limbs. Absent/small lower limb bones Absent/underdeveloped lower limb bones UMLS:C4025036 Absent/small foot bones Absent/underdeveloped foot bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving bones of the feet Absent/small foot bones Absent/underdeveloped foot bones Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the bones of the upper limbs. UMLS:C4025035 Absent/small bones of the upper limbs Absent/underdeveloped bones of the upper limbs Aplasia/hypoplasia involving bones of the upper limbs Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the bones of the upper limbs. Absent/small bones of the upper limbs Absent/underdeveloped bones of the upper limbs Absence or underdevelopment of the patella. MSH:C535568 UMLS:C1868577 Absent or hypoplastic patellae Absent/hypoplastic patella Absent/small kneecap Absent/underdeveloped kneecap Aplastic or hypoplastic patellae Hypoplastic or absent patella Patellar aplasia/hypoplasia Small to absent patellae Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the patella Absence or underdevelopment of the patella. Absent/small kneecap Absent/underdeveloped kneecap An anomaly of a growth plate of a femur. UMLS:C4025034 Abnormality of femoral epiphysis Abnormality of thighbone end part Abnormal femoral epiphysis morphology An anomaly of a growth plate of a femur. Abnormality of thighbone end part An anomaly of one or more epiphyses of one or both legs. UMLS:C4021595 Abnormal shape of end part of lower limb end bone Abnormality involving the epiphyses of the lower limbs Abnormality of lower limb epiphysis morphology Abnormal lower limb epiphysis morphology Abnormal shape of end part of lower limb end bone Absence or underdevelopment of the carpal bones. UMLS:C4025033 Absent/small wrist bones Absent/underdeveloped wrist bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the carpal bones Absence or underdevelopment of the carpal bones. Absent/small wrist bones Absent/underdeveloped wrist bones Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of one or more forearm bones. UMLS:C4025032 Absent/small forearm bones Absent/underdeveloped forearm bones Aplasia/hypoplasia involving forearm bones Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of one or more forearm bones. Absent/small forearm bones Absent/underdeveloped forearm bones An anomaly of one or more epiphyses of a limb. UMLS:C4021593 Abnormal shape of end part of limb bones Abnormality involving the epiphyses of the limbs Abnormality of limb epiphysis morphology An epiphysis is the expanded articular end of a long bone that developes from a secondary ossification center, and which during the period of growth is either entirely cartilaginous or is separated from the shaft by a cartilaginous disk. Abnormal limb epiphysis morphology Abnormal shape of end part of limb bones Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the humerus. UMLS:C4025031 Absent/small long bone in upper arm Absent/underdeveloped long bone in upper arm Aplasia/hypoplasia of the humerus Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the humerus. Absent/small long bone in upper arm Absent/underdeveloped long bone in upper arm UMLS:C4025030 Abnormality of end part of shinbone Abnormality of tibial epiphyses Abnormality of end part of shinbone An abnormality of the pulmonary lymphatic chain. UMLS:C4025026 Abnormal pulmonary lymphatics An abnormality of the pulmonary lymphatic chain. UMLS:C4025025 Bronchodysplasia UMLS:C4025024 Underdevelopment of the bronical cartilage Bronchial cartilage hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the bronical cartilage The presence of abnormal calcium deposition in the liver. UMLS:C1696466 Liver calcifications Hepatic calcification The presence of abnormal calcium deposition in the liver. UMLS:C1837257 Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes The presence of reduced numbers of intrahepatic bile duct than normal. UMLS:C1861621 UMLS:C4021591 Hepatic ductopenia Intrahepatic duct deficiency Reduced number of intrahepatic bile ducts The presence of reduced numbers of intrahepatic bile duct than normal. UMLS:C1861226 Small abnormally formed scapula Small abnormally formed shoulder blade Small abnormally formed scapulae Small abnormally formed shoulder blade Lack of development of the glenoid fossa, also known as the glenoid cavity, which is the articular surface of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus. UMLS:C4021589 Aplasia of the glenoid fossa Absent glenoid fossa Lack of development of the glenoid fossa, also known as the glenoid cavity, which is the articular surface of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus. A less than normal number of sternal ossification centers. The sternum is initially formed from bilateral sternal plates that chondrify and begin to fuse with ribs at 10 weeks gestational age. Ossification starts in the manubrium and upper part of the sternal body at the 6th month, in the middle of the sternal body at the 7th month, in the lower part of the body during the 1st postnatal year and in the xiphoid process between years 5 and 18. The number of ossification centers vary up to six, and it is the ossification centers that are visualized by prenatal ultrasound. This term describes a reduction in the number of ossification centers compared with age-related norms. UMLS:C1856223 Decreased number of sternal ossification centres Decreased number of sternal ossification centers A less than normal number of sternal ossification centers. The sternum is initially formed from bilateral sternal plates that chondrify and begin to fuse with ribs at 10 weeks gestational age. Ossification starts in the manubrium and upper part of the sternal body at the 6th month, in the middle of the sternal body at the 7th month, in the lower part of the body during the 1st postnatal year and in the xiphoid process between years 5 and 18. The number of ossification centers vary up to six, and it is the ossification centers that are visualized by prenatal ultrasound. This term describes a reduction in the number of ossification centers compared with age-related norms. PMID:10204210 Decreased number of sternal ossification centres Lack of formation of mineralized bony tissue of the sternum. UMLS:C1857074 UMLS:C4280443 Absent sternal mineralization Lack of sternal ossification Absent bone maturation in sternum Absent sternal ossification Lack of formation of mineralized bony tissue of the sternum. Absent bone maturation in sternum Underdevelopment of the glenoid fossa, which is the cavity in the lateral part of the scapula which articulates with the head of the humerus. UMLS:C1834384 Glenoid hypoplasia Hypoplastic glenoid fossa Glenoid fossa hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the glenoid fossa, which is the cavity in the lateral part of the scapula which articulates with the head of the humerus. UMLS:C1865241 Large sternal ossification centres Large sternal ossification centers Large sternal ossification centres UMLS:C1406921 Thoracic dysplasia UMLS:C4025006 Absent atrioventricular node Calcium deposition in the myocardium. Fyler:1889 UMLS:C1096561 Calcified myocardium Calcification affecting the muscle layer of the heart. Myocardial calcification Calcium deposition in the myocardium. Abnormally short chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve. UMLS:C4025001 The chordae tendineae connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve. Short chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve Abnormally short chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve. A localized outpouching of ventricular cavity that is generally associated with dyskinesia and paradoxical expansion during systole. SNOMEDCT_US:90539001 UMLS:C0392464 Ventricular aneurysm Aneurysm is considered a severe form of dilatation. Ventricular aneurysms may have rim of calcium in the affected regions of the ventricular wall (which can become fibrotic). Thromboembolism is a potential complication. Ventricular aneurysms can be diagnosed by ventriculography. Dilatation of the ventricular cavity A localized outpouching of ventricular cavity that is generally associated with dyskinesia and paradoxical expansion during systole. UMLS:C4024996 Absent/small lungs Absent/underdeveloped lungs Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the lungs Absent/small lungs Absent/underdeveloped lungs Any structural abnormality of the coronary arteries. Fyler:3100 SNOMEDCT_US:28574005 UMLS:C0158623 Abnormal coronary artery morphology Any structural abnormality of the coronary arteries. An abnormality of an atrioventricular valve. UMLS:C4024995 Abnormality of the atrioventricular valves Abnormal atrioventricular valve morphology An abnormality of an atrioventricular valve. An abnormality of the hepatic vasculature. UMLS:C4024994 Abnormality of liver blood vessels Abnormality of the liver vasculature Abnormality of the hepatic vasculature An abnormality of the hepatic vasculature. Abnormality of liver blood vessels UMLS:C3150086 Absent/rudimentary nipples Absent/small nipples Absent/underdeveloped nipples Nipples absent or rudimentary Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the nipples Absent/small nipples Absent/underdeveloped nipples Absence or underdevelopment of the clavicles (collar bones). UMLS:C4024993 Absent/small collarbone Absent/underdeveloped collarbone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the clavicles Absence or underdevelopment of the clavicles (collar bones). Absent/small collarbone Absent/underdeveloped collarbone UMLS:C4024992 Absent/small outermost thorax bone Absent/underdeveloped thorax bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving bones of the thorax Absent/small outermost thorax bone Absent/underdeveloped thorax bone UMLS:C1847363 Absent/small ribs Absent/underdeveloped ribs Hypoplastic or missing ribs Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the ribs Absent/small ribs Absent/underdeveloped ribs UMLS:C4024991 Absent/small shoulder blade Absent/underdeveloped shoulder blade Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the scapulae Absent/small shoulder blade Absent/underdeveloped shoulder blade UMLS:C4024990 Absent/small sternum Absent/underdeveloped sternum Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the sternum Absent/small sternum Absent/underdeveloped sternum A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the stomach. MSH:D013274 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126824007 UMLS:C0038356 UMLS:C4020813 Stomach tumor Stomach tumour Neoplasia of the stomach Neoplasm of the stomach A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the stomach. Stomach tumor Stomach tumour Any anomaly of the anterior horn cell. Abnormality of the anterior horn cell MSH:D016472 SNOMEDCT_US:85672005 UMLS:C0154681 UMLS:C4020812 Abnormality of the anterior horn cells Anomaly of the anterior horn cells Anterior horn cell disease Anterior horn cells are efferent neurons that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle. They conduct nerve impulses that lead to movement of muscles. Abnormal anterior horn cell morphology Any anomaly of the anterior horn cell. Underdevelopment of the cerebrum. UMLS:C1855330 Small cerebrum Underdeveloped cerebrum Cerebral hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the cerebrum. Small cerebrum Underdeveloped cerebrum The presence of developmental dysplasia of the cortex of frontal lobe and the cortex of parietal lobe. UMLS:C4024959 Frontoparietal cortical dysplasia The presence of developmental dysplasia of the cortex of frontal lobe and the cortex of parietal lobe. Proximal spinal muscular atrophy, i.e., muscular weakness and atrophy related to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem. UMLS:C4024957 Proximal spinal muscular atrophy Proximal spinal muscular atrophy, i.e., muscular weakness and atrophy related to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem. The presence of calcium deposition in the choroid plexus. UMLS:C1863184 Calcified choroid plexus Choroid plexus calcification The presence of calcium deposition in the choroid plexus. UMLS:C3277687 CNS degeneration Central nervous system degeneration CNS degeneration A morphological abnormality of the metencephalon. UMLS:C4024951 The metencephalon comprises the pons and the cerebellum; contains a portion of the fourth ventricle; and the trigeminal nerve, abducens nerve, facial nerve, and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The metencephalon is part of the hindbrain. Poorly formed metencephalon A morphological abnormality of the metencephalon. Cerebellar dysplasia (abnormal growth or development) is defined by abnormal cerebellar foliation, white matter arborization, and gray-white matter junction. Cerebellar dysplasia is a neuroimaging finding that describes abnormalities of both the cerebellar cortex and white matter and is associated with variable neurodevelopmental outcome. Dysplasia may globally involve the cerebellum or affect only one cerebellar hemisphere. In addition, cerebellar dysplasia may be associated with cortical/subcortical cysts. UMLS:C3278322 Any part of the cerebellum can be dysplastic, from small focal regions within one hemisphere to abnormal foliation throughout the cerebellum. Hypoplastic cerebella are frequently also dysmorphic, as observed in tubulinopathies and cobblestone malformations. Cerebellar dysplasia Cerebellar dysplasia (abnormal growth or development) is defined by abnormal cerebellar foliation, white matter arborization, and gray-white matter junction. Cerebellar dysplasia is a neuroimaging finding that describes abnormalities of both the cerebellar cortex and white matter and is associated with variable neurodevelopmental outcome. Dysplasia may globally involve the cerebellum or affect only one cerebellar hemisphere. In addition, cerebellar dysplasia may be associated with cortical/subcortical cysts. PMID:25105227 PMID:27160001 Hyperactive stretch reflexes of muscles that move proximal joints (elbow, knee). UMLS:C1836012 Hyperreflexia proximally Proximal hyperreflexia UMLS:C0240116 Hyperreflexia in knees Overactive knee reflex Brisk knee jerk Hyperactive patellar reflex Overactive knee reflex Brisk knee jerk Amyotrophy (muscular atrophy) affecting the proximal musculature. UMLS:C1850794 Muscle atrophy, proximal Proximal muscle atrophy Proximal muscle wasting Symmetric proximal muscular atrophy Symmetrical, proximal limb muscle atrophy Wasting of muscles near the body Proximal amyotrophy usually has a roughly symmetric distribution. Proximal amyotrophy Amyotrophy (muscular atrophy) affecting the proximal musculature. Wasting of muscles near the body Muscular atrophy of distal arm muscles. UMLS:C4021581 Distal upper limb muscle atrophy Distal upper limb amyotrophy Muscular atrophy of distal arm muscles. UMLS:C1849485 Neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex Muscular atrophy affecting the lower limb. UMLS:C4024921 Lower limb amyotrophy Muscular atrophy affecting the lower limb. Agenesis of the midbrain. UMLS:C4024913 Midbrain and mesencephalon are synonymous. Absent mesencephalon Agenesis of the midbrain. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:KI_phemming Muscular weakness and atrophy related to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem. MSH:D009134 SNOMEDCT_US:5262007 UMLS:C0026847 Spinal muscle degeneration Spinal muscle wasting Spinal muscular atrophy Muscular weakness and atrophy related to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem. Spinal muscle degeneration Spinal muscle wasting SNOMEDCT_US:418143002 SNOMEDCT_US:52522001 UMLS:C0154671 Neuroaxonal degeneration in the brain Cerebral degeneration Underdevelopment of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. UMLS:C1849172 Frontal lobe hypoplasia Hypoplastic frontal lobes Underdeveloped frontal lobe Hypoplasia of the frontal lobes Underdevelopment of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. Underdeveloped frontal lobe Any structural anomaly of the limbic system, a set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. UMLS:C1863392 Limbic malformation Abnormal morphology of the limbic system UMLS:C1843858 Atrophic and degenerative changes in the spinal cord Atrophy/Degeneration involving the spinal cord UMLS:C1843175 Hyperreflexia in upper limbs UMLS:C1851431 Cerebellar calcifications UMLS:C3279222 Absent/small cerebellum Absent/underdeveloped cerebellum Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the cerebellum Atrophy/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum Cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum Absent/small cerebellum Absent/underdeveloped cerebellum A structural abnormality of the pons. UMLS:C4024905 Abnormality of the pons The pons is the portion of the brainstem superior to the medulla oblongata. Abnormal pons morphology A structural abnormality of the pons. UMLS:C4024904 Absent/small brainstem Absent/underdeveloped brainstem Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the brainstem Absent/small brainstem Absent/underdeveloped brainstem UMLS:C4024902 Absent/small cerebrum Absent/underdeveloped cerebrum Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebrum Absent/small cerebrum Absent/underdeveloped cerebrum UMLS:C4024900 Brainstem atrophy Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the brainstem UMLS:C4024899 Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the CNS Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the central nervous system Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the CNS The presence of atrophy (wasting) of the cerebrum, also known as the telencephalon, the largest and most highly developed part of the human brain. UMLS:C4024898 Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the cerebrum The presence of atrophy (wasting) of the cerebrum, also known as the telencephalon, the largest and most highly developed part of the human brain. Wasting involving the motor neuron. UMLS:C4024896 Motor neuron degeneration Motor neuron atrophy Wasting involving the motor neuron. Motor neuron degeneration An abnormality of the choroid plexus, which is the area in the cerebral ventricles in which cerebrospinal fluid is produced by modified ependymal cells. UMLS:C4024893 The choroid plexus is a structure in the ventricles of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced. Abnormal choroid plexus morphology An abnormality of the choroid plexus, which is the area in the cerebral ventricles in which cerebrospinal fluid is produced by modified ependymal cells. A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the gastrointestinal tract. MSH:D005770 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126768004 UMLS:C0017185 GI tract tumor GI tract tumour Gastrointestinal tract neoplasia Gastrointestinal tract neoplasm Gastrointestinal tract tumor Gastrointestinal tract tumour Neoplasm of the GI tract Neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the gastrointestinal tract. GI tract tumor GI tract tumour Gastrointestinal tract tumor Gastrointestinal tract tumour Neoplasm of the GI tract A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genitourinary system. MSH:D014565 NCIT:C3262 UMLS:C0042065 UMLS:C4020809 Genitourinary tract neoplasm Genitourinary tract tumors Genitourinary tract tumours Neoplasm of the GU tract Genitourinary tract neoplasia Neoplasm of the genitourinary tract A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genitourinary system. Genitourinary tract tumors Genitourinary tract tumours Neoplasm of the GU tract Underdevelopment of the sweat glands. UMLS:C1832455 Underdeveloped sweat glands Hypoplastic sweat glands Underdevelopment of the sweat glands. Underdeveloped sweat glands Lack of subcutaneous adipose tissue. UMLS:C0241267 UMLS:C4024855 Absent fat below the skin General absence of subcutaneous fat Lack of fatty tissue below the skin Absence of subcutaneous fat Lack of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Absent fat below the skin Lack of fatty tissue below the skin The presence of fewer than normal sweat glands. UMLS:C4021574 Decreased sweat glands Decreased sweat pores Decreased number of sweat glands The presence of fewer than normal sweat glands. Decreased sweat glands Decreased sweat pores UMLS:C1832454 Hypoplastic pilosebaceous units SNOMEDCT_US:13164000 UMLS:C0234632 Decreased central vision Decreased clarity of vision Decreased visual acuity Poor visual acuity Reduced visual acuity Decreased clarity of vision Congenital underdevelopment of the iris. SNOMEDCT_US:95714006 UMLS:C0344539 Hypoplastic iris Iris hypoplasia Underdeveloped iris Hypoplasia of the iris Congenital underdevelopment of the iris. Underdeveloped iris Abnormal development (dysgenesis) of the anterior segment of the eye globe. These structures are mainly of mesenchymal origin. SNOMEDCT_US:65075004 UMLS:C0266525 Anterior chamber cleavage defect Anterior chamber cleavage disorder Anterior chamber malformation Anterior chamber mesodermal anomalies Anterior segment developmental abnormality Anterior segment dysgenesis Anterior segment mesencyhmal dysgenesis Anterior segment ocular dysgenesis In anterior segment mesenchymal ocular dysgenesis (ASMOD), multiple tissues are affected, including the iris, cornea, and lens as well as the Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork drainage structures located at the anterior segment angle where the iris and cornea meet. These abnormalities may result from a primary defect in the migration and/or differentiation of the mesenchymal cells that contribute to development of the cornea, iris, and drainage structures. Ocular anterior segment dysgenesis Abnormal development (dysgenesis) of the anterior segment of the eye globe. These structures are mainly of mesenchymal origin. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_ncarter SNOMEDCT_US:111521006 UMLS:C0155118 Corneal degeneration Cornea plana is an abnormally flat shape of the cornea such that the normal protrusion of the cornea from the sclera is missing. The reduced corneal curvature can lead to hyperopia, and a hazy corneal limbus and arcus lipoides may develop at an early age. SNOMEDCT_US:204145006 UMLS:C0344529 Cornea plana Flat cornea Cornea plana is an abnormally flat shape of the cornea such that the normal protrusion of the cornea from the sclera is missing. The reduced corneal curvature can lead to hyperopia, and a hazy corneal limbus and arcus lipoides may develop at an early age. Abnormal development of the choroid and retina. UMLS:C4024809 Chorioretinal dysplasia Abnormal development of the choroid and retina. Underdevelopment of the lacrimal gland. UMLS:C1863200 Hypoplastic lacrimal gland Underdeveloped tear gland Lacrimal gland hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the lacrimal gland. Underdeveloped tear gland Abnormally big lacrimal glands. UMLS:C1867030 Enlarged tear gland Enlarged lacrimal glands Abnormally big lacrimal glands. Enlarged tear gland Reduced transparency of the stroma of cornea. SNOMEDCT_US:246957002 UMLS:C0423250 UMLS:C1856661 Cloudy cornea Corneal stromal opacity Cloudy corneas Opacification of the corneal stroma Reduced transparency of the stroma of cornea. Cloudy corneas UMLS:C1854685 Retinal hypoplasia Underdeveloped retina Hypoplasia of the retina Underdeveloped retina Underdevelopment of the ciliary body. UMLS:C1836890 Hypoplasia of the ciliary body Underdevelopment of the ciliary body. A kind of cataract that progresses with age. UMLS:C4021566 Cataract, progressive Progressive cataract A kind of cataract that progresses with age. MSH:D015861 SNOMEDCT_US:61267008 UMLS:C0035320 Retinal vascular proliferation Deposition of calcium salts in the retina. UMLS:C1867289 Retinal calcification Deposition of calcium salts in the retina. Underdevelopment of the lacrimal puncta. UMLS:C4021564 Hypoplasia of the lacrimal puncta Hypoplastic lacrimal puncta Hypoplasia of the lacrimal punctum Underdevelopment of the lacrimal puncta. Hypoplasia of the lacrimal puncta Hypoplastic lacrimal puncta UMLS:C1968574 Underdeveloped tear duct Hypoplastic lacrimal duct Underdeveloped tear duct UMLS:C3275963 Abnormality of iris blood vessels Abnormal iris vasculature Abnormality of iris blood vessels A reduction of corneal clarity. MSH:D003318 SNOMEDCT_US:413921009 SNOMEDCT_US:64634000 SNOMEDCT_US:95735008 UMLS:C0010038 UMLS:C0521719 Corneal clouding Corneal opacities Reduction of corneal clarity Scarring or clouding of the cornea of the eye Corneal opacity A reduction of corneal clarity. The presence of developmental dysplasia of the retina. MSH:D015792 SNOMEDCT_US:95494009 UMLS:C0035313 Retinal dysgenesis This feature is a congenital developmental anomaly of the retina characterized by abnormal growth and differentiation. The retina contains numerous tubular structures and rosettes. Retinal dysplasia (synonym: retinal dysgenesis) is often accompanied by retinal detachment and micropthalmos, but the latter features should be coded separately. Retinal dysplasia The presence of developmental dysplasia of the retina. Underdevelopment of the stroma of iris. UMLS:C1860344 Hypoplastic iris stoma Iris stromal hypoplasia Underdeveloped iris stroma Hypoplastic iris stroma Underdevelopment of the stroma of iris. Underdeveloped iris stroma Congenital malformation of the lacrimal duct associated with incomplete development of the bony nasolacrimal canal or craniofacial anomalies. UMLS:C4024757 Malformed tear ducts Malformed lacrimal duct Congenital malformation of the lacrimal duct associated with incomplete development of the bony nasolacrimal canal or craniofacial anomalies. Malformed tear ducts An abnormally reduced response to stimulation of the cornea (by touch, foreign body, blowing air). The corneal reflex (also known as the blink reflex, normally results in an involuntary blinking of the eyelids. MSH:D012021 SNOMEDCT_US:103254005 UMLS:C0151572 Decreased blink reflex Reduced corneal reflex Decreased corneal reflex An abnormally reduced response to stimulation of the cornea (by touch, foreign body, blowing air). The corneal reflex (also known as the blink reflex, normally results in an involuntary blinking of the eyelids. Absence or underdevelopment of the lacrimal gland. UMLS:C1835602 Absent/underdeveloped lacrimal glands Absent/underdeveloped tear glands Aplastic/hypoplastic lacrimal glands Absence or underdevelopment of the lacrimal gland. Absent/underdeveloped lacrimal glands Absent/underdeveloped tear glands A structural abnormality of retinal vasculature. UMLS:C4024753 Abnormality of retina blood vessels Abnormality of the retinal vasculature Abnormal retinal vascular morphology A structural abnormality of retinal vasculature. Abnormality of retina blood vessels UMLS:C4024752 Abnormality of eye blood vessels Abnormality of the vasculature of the eye Abnormality of eye blood vessels Absence or underdevelopment of the iris. UMLS:C4024748 Absent/small iris Absent/underdeveloped iris Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the iris Absence or underdevelopment of the iris. Absent/small iris Absent/underdeveloped iris Absence or underdevelopment of the uvea, the pigmented middle layer of the eye consisting of the iris and ciliary body together with the choroid. UMLS:C4024746 Absent/underdeveloped uvea Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the uvea Absence or underdevelopment of the uvea, the pigmented middle layer of the eye consisting of the iris and ciliary body together with the choroid. Absent/underdeveloped uvea UMLS:C4024745 Absent/small eye Absent/underdeveloped eye Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the eye Absent/small eye Absent/underdeveloped eye UMLS:C4024744 Absent/small fundus Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the fundus Absent/small fundus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/febrile_seizure UMLS:C4024740 Absent/small retina Absent/underdeveloped retina Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the retina Absent/small retina Absent/underdeveloped retina Absence or underdevelopment of the anterior segment of the eye. UMLS:C4024739 Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the anterior segment of the eye Absence or underdevelopment of the anterior segment of the eye. Absence or underdevelopment of the lens. UMLS:C4024738 Absent/small lens Absent/underdeveloped lens Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the lens Absence or underdevelopment of the lens. Absent/small lens Absent/underdeveloped lens UMLS:C4024737 Absent/small skin Absent/underdeveloped skin Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the skin Absent/small skin Absent/underdeveloped skin UMLS:C4024736 Abnormally loose or hyperelastic skin Abnormally loose or stretchable skin Abnormally lax or hyperextensible skin Abnormally loose or hyperelastic skin Abnormally loose or stretchable skin Reduction in bone mineral density affecting any or all of the tarsal bones, seven bones of the foot comprising the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiform bones. UMLS:C1836872 Osteoporotic tarsals Reduction in bone mineral density affecting any or all of the tarsal bones, seven bones of the foot comprising the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiform bones. The presence of a fifth metatarsal bone that has not undergone ossification at an age when ossification is usually visible. UMLS:C1844712 Nonossified fifth metatarsal The presence of a fifth metatarsal bone that has not undergone ossification at an age when ossification is usually visible. An anomaly of the fifth metatarsal bone. UMLS:C4024733 Abnormality of the 5th long bone of foot Abnormality of the fifth metatarsal bone An anomaly of the fifth metatarsal bone. Abnormality of the 5th long bone of foot Delayed maturation and calcification of any of the tarsal bones, seven bones of the foot comprising the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiform bones. UMLS:C1846853 UMLS:C4280418 Tarsal delayed ossification Delayed ankle bone maturation Delayed tarsal ossification Delayed maturation and calcification of any of the tarsal bones, seven bones of the foot comprising the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiform bones. Delayed ankle bone maturation UMLS:C1856746 Deformed ankle bones Deformed tarsal bones Deformed ankle bones Excessive amounts of mucopolysaccharide in the urine. UMLS:C4024726 This finding is suggestive of the diagnosis of a mucopolysaccharidosis. Mucopolysacchariduria Excessive amounts of mucopolysaccharide in the urine. UMLS:C4024719 Small adrenal cortex Adrenocortical hypoplasia Small adrenal cortex MSH:D050033 UMLS:C1563716 Thyroid dysplasia Thyroid dysgenesis The congenital absence of the thyroid gland. MSH:D050033 UMLS:C0749420 UMLS:C4020805 Athyroidal hypothyroidism Thyroid agenesis The congenital absence of the thyroid gland. PMID:2918525 Abnormal development of the adrenal gland. UMLS:C1856017 Adrenal gland dysplasia Dysplastic adrenal glands Adrenal gland dysgenesis Abnormal development of the adrenal gland. Enlargement of the adrenal gland. SNOMEDCT_US:419920004 UMLS:C1621895 Enlarged adrenal glands Adrenal hyperplasia Enlargement of the adrenal gland. Enlarged adrenal glands Developmental hypoplasia of the adrenal medulla. UMLS:C4024717 Small adrenal medulla Adrenal medullary hypoplasia Developmental hypoplasia of the adrenal medulla. Small adrenal medulla An abnormality of zinc ion homeostasis. UMLS:C4020802 UMLS:C4024711 Abnormality of zinc homeostasis Abnormal zinc metabolism Abnormal blood zinc concentration An abnormality of zinc ion homeostasis. Atrophy (wasting) of the cerebellar cortex. UMLS:C4024710 Cerebellar cortex degeneration Cerebellar cortical atrophy may be associated with vacuolated or binucleated Purkinje cells. Cerebellar cortical atrophy Atrophy (wasting) of the cerebellar cortex. Cerebellar cortex degeneration UMLS:C3151556 Abnormal iron deposition in mitochondria An abnormality of the mitochondria in muscle tissue. UMLS:C4021546 Abnormal mitochondria in muscle This finding is typically demonstrated by muscle biopsy. Abnormal mitochondria in muscle tissue An abnormality of the mitochondria in muscle tissue. Any structural anomaly of the mitochondria. UMLS:C4014650 Abnormal mitochondrion morphology This feature may be assessed by means of electron microscopy. Abnormal mitochondrial morphology Any structural anomaly of the mitochondria. An increased urine level of any amino acid carrying two amino groups (Asparagine, glutamine and lysine, cystine, ornithine). UMLS:C4024698 Diaminoaciduria Concentration of a branched chain amino acid in the blood above the upper limit of normal. UMLS:C4024697 Elevated circulating branched chain amino acid concentration Concentration of a branched chain amino acid in the blood above the upper limit of normal. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Absence or underdevelopment of the big toe. UMLS:C1836213 Absent/small big toe Absent/underdeveloped big toe Aplastic/hypoplastic halluces Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the hallux Absence or underdevelopment of the big toe. Absent/small big toe Absent/underdeveloped big toe Absence or underdevelopment of the tarsal bones. UMLS:C1848671 Absent/small ankle bone Absent/underdeveloped ankle bone Aplastic/hypoplastic tarsals Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the tarsal bones Absence or underdevelopment of the tarsal bones. Absent/small ankle bone Absent/underdeveloped ankle bone Contractures of one or more joints of the feet meaning chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. SNOMEDCT_US:239742004 UMLS:C0343149 Contractures involving the joints of the feet Contractures of the foot joints Joint contractures involving the joints of the feet Foot joint contracture Contractures of the foot joints An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any of the tarsal bones, seven bones of the foot comprising the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiform bones. UMLS:C4021544 UMLS:C4025075 Abnormal ossification of tarsal bones Hardening of ankle bones Abnormal maturation of ankle bones Abnormal tarsal ossification An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any of the tarsal bones, seven bones of the foot comprising the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiform bones. Hardening of ankle bones Abnormal maturation of ankle bones Any abnormal process of ossification of the metatarsal bones, which normally are each ossified from two centers: one for the body, and one for the head (metatarsal II,III,IV, and V) and one for the body and one for the base (metatarsal I). The ossification process begins in the center of the body about the ninth week, and extends toward either extremity. The center for the base of the first metatarsal appears about the third year, and the centers for the heads of the other bones between the fifth and eighth years. They join the bodies between the eighteenth and twentieth years. UMLS:C4021543 Abnormal ossification involving metatarsal bones Abnormal maturation of long bone of foot Abnormal metatarsal ossification Any abnormal process of ossification of the metatarsal bones, which normally are each ossified from two centers: one for the body, and one for the head (metatarsal II,III,IV, and V) and one for the body and one for the base (metatarsal I). The ossification process begins in the center of the body about the ninth week, and extends toward either extremity. The center for the base of the first metatarsal appears about the third year, and the centers for the heads of the other bones between the fifth and eighth years. They join the bodies between the eighteenth and twentieth years. Abnormal maturation of long bone of foot Concentration of vitamin A in the blood circulation outside limits of normal. UMLS:C4024686 Abnormal circulating vitamin A concentration UMLS:C4024685 Puberty and gonadal disorders Puberty and gonadal disorders Puberty and gonadal disorders Small, underdeveloped vertebral bodies. SNOMEDCT_US:205456006 UMLS:C0345394 Underdeveloped vertebrae Vertebral hypoplasia Small, underdeveloped vertebral bodies. Underdeveloped vertebrae The presence of degenerative changes of intervertebral disk. MSH:D055959 SNOMEDCT_US:77547008 UMLS:C0158266 Degeneration of intervertebral discs Degeneration of intervertebral disks Degenerative disc disease Degenerative disk disease Degenerative intervertebral disc Degenerative intervertebral disk Intervertebral disk degeneration The presence of degenerative changes of intervertebral disk. Degeneration of intervertebral discs Degenerative disc disease Degenerative disk disease Degenerative intervertebral disc UMLS:C1863313 Tall lumbar vertebral bodies The presence of developmental dysplasia of the vertebral column. UMLS:C4021853 Spinal dysplasia The presence of developmental dysplasia of the vertebral column. UMLS:C1859366 Underdeveloped 5th lumbar vertebrae Hypoplastic 5th lumbar vertebrae Underdeveloped 5th lumbar vertebrae UMLS:C1835570 Cervical vertebrae hypoplasia Underdeveloped cervical vertebrae Hypoplastic cervical vertebrae Underdeveloped cervical vertebrae UMLS:C2751478 Bifid thoracic vertebrae A morphological abnormality of the vertebral arch, i.e., of the posterior part of a vertebra. UMLS:C1835764 Vertebral arch abnormalities A vertebral arch is the posterior part of a vertebra and forms the canal through which the spinal cord passes. A vertebral arch consists of (i) a pair of vertebral pedicles, which are short thick processes that extend from the vertebral body to connect the body to the vertebral arch; (ii) a pari of vertebral laminae (broad plates that extending dorsally and medially from the pedicles fusing with one another to complete the roof of the vertebral arch); (iii) the spinous process (a process that is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae and to which muscles and ligaments attach); (iv) two superior articular processes and two inferior articular processes that articulate between two adjacent vertebrae); and (v) two transverse processes that extend at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes and allow the attachment of muscles and ligaments. Vertebral arch anomaly A morphological abnormality of the vertebral arch, i.e., of the posterior part of a vertebra. Any abnormality of the atlas and the axis. UMLS:C4024675 The atlas is the first cervical vertebral body and the axis is the second vertebral body. C1-C2 vertebral abnormality Any abnormality of the atlas and the axis. Excessive growth of the bones of the vertebral bodies. UMLS:C1834057 Vertebral hyperostosis Excessive growth of the bones of the vertebral bodies. A progressive disorder of vertebral joint degeneration that occurs in the setting of any condition characterized by decreased afferent innervation, involving loss of deep pain and proprioceptive sensation in the vertebral column. Patients most commonly present with symptoms of lower back pain, sitting imbalance, progressive spinal deformity (usually kyphosis), and an audible clicking sound on changing postures. SNOMEDCT_US:298380006 UMLS:C0575157 Charcot spinal arthropathy Spinal deformities Spinal neuroarthropathy Neuropathic spinal arthropathy presents almost exclusively in patients who have suffered traumatic spinal cord injury or less commonly, secondary to syringomyelia, meningocele, myelomeningocele, diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathies, anesthetic leprosy, congenital analgesia, Parkinson's disease, arachnoiditis, transverse myelitis, and others. Neuropathic spinal arthropathy A progressive disorder of vertebral joint degeneration that occurs in the setting of any condition characterized by decreased afferent innervation, involving loss of deep pain and proprioceptive sensation in the vertebral column. Patients most commonly present with symptoms of lower back pain, sitting imbalance, progressive spinal deformity (usually kyphosis), and an audible clicking sound on changing postures. PMID:29755231 A developmental defect of the sacrum characterized by partial or disordered development of the sacrum in which portions of the sacrum, which normally is formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae S1-S5, fail to form or fail to form normally. UMLS:C1851305 Absence of some of the sacral and coccygeal bones Partial sacral agenesis Sacral dysgenesis Dysplastic sacrum Absence of some of the sacral and coccygeal bones UMLS:C4024674 Underdeveloped spinal processes Hypoplastic spinal processes Underdeveloped spinal processes UMLS:C4024671 Absent spinous processes of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae A developmental defect characterized by agenesis of one or more vertebral bodies. SNOMEDCT_US:15843004 UMLS:C0158776 Absent vertebrae Absent vertebra A developmental defect characterized by agenesis of one or more vertebral bodies. PMID:26167231 Absent vertebrae Dysplasia of the cervical vertebral column. MSH:C566140 UMLS:C1861693 Cervical vertebral dysplasia Dysplasia of the cervical vertebral column. UMLS:C2751479 Hypoplastic sacral vertebrae Decreased ossification of the cervical vertebral bodies, i.e., of the Cervical vertebrae set. UMLS:C4024670 Poorly ossified cervical vertebrae Decreased ossification of the cervical vertebral bodies, i.e., of the Cervical vertebrae set. UMLS:C1863353 Small vertebrae Small vertebral bodies Underdeveloped back bones Hypoplastic vertebral bodies Underdeveloped back bones UMLS:C1850329 Sacral segmentation defect UMLS:C4024662 Absent/small vertebrae Absent/underdeveloped vertebrae Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the vertebrae Absent/small vertebrae Absent/underdeveloped vertebrae UMLS:C4024661 Abnormality of the vertebral spinous processes Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the sacral bone. UMLS:C4024660 Absent/small sacrum Absent/underdeveloped sacrum Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the sacrum Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the sacral bone. Absent/small sacrum Absent/underdeveloped sacrum UMLS:C4024659 Absent/small backbone Absent/small spine Absent/small vertebral column Absent/underdeveloped backbone Absent/underdeveloped spine Absent/underdeveloped vertebral column Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the vertebral column Absent/small backbone Absent/small spine Absent/small vertebral column Absent/underdeveloped backbone Absent/underdeveloped spine Absent/underdeveloped vertebral column Underdevelopment of the external ear. MSH:D065817 SNOMEDCT_US:35045004 UMLS:C0152423 Bilateral microtia Hypoplasia of the external ear Hypoplastic ears Hypoplastic pinna Small ears Small pinnae Underdeveloped ears The definitions of microtia follow a widely used, surgically based, classification of ear anomalies outlined by Weerda 1988. As microtia indicates at least both decreased length and width, and in more severe forms it includes abnormal shape of structures, all forms are acknowledged to be bundled terms, but are retained here because they are well established. Microtia Underdevelopment of the external ear. PMID:19152421 PMID:3270622 Small ears Underdeveloped ears The presence of a malformed cochlea. UMLS:C1862050 A cochlear malformation may include a membranous abnormality, a bony abnormality, or a combination of the two. Cochlear malformation The presence of a malformed cochlea. Developmental hypoplasia of the cochlea. UMLS:C2676974 Hypoplastic cochlea Underdeveloped cochlea Hypoplasia of the cochlea Developmental hypoplasia of the cochlea. Underdeveloped cochlea A progressive type of conductive deafness. UMLS:C1861325 Progressive conductive deafness Progressive conductive hearing impairment A progressive type of conductive deafness. UMLS:C1857263 Hypertrophic auricular cartilage An abnormality of the morphology or structure of the middle ear. UMLS:C1857456 Middle ear malformation Morphological abnormality of the middle ear Abnormal middle ear morphology An abnormality of the morphology or structure of the middle ear. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_mbitner-glidicz Middle ear malformation Morphological abnormality of the middle ear Absence of sex glands (gonads are the organs that produce gametes; testis in males and ovary in females). UMLS:C4024652 Absent gonadal tissue Gonadal agenesis Gonadal agenesis refers to the lack of development of gonads during fetal development; it may not be possible clinically to determine if gonal tissue was present at any point of development. For this reason, we regard agonadism and gonadal agenesis as synonymous. Agonadism Increase in thickness of the wall of the urinary bladder. This finding may be seen in conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction and may be accompanied by increased trabeculation of the bladder wall musculature. UMLS:C4021531 Hypertrophic urinary bladder Hypertrophy of the urinary bladder wall Urinary bladder wall thickening Urinary bladder wall hypertrophy Increase in thickness of the wall of the urinary bladder. This finding may be seen in conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction and may be accompanied by increased trabeculation of the bladder wall musculature. PMID:11002301 UMLS:C0239761 Underdeveloped gonad Gonadal hypoplasia Underdeveloped gonad Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the fallopian tube. UMLS:C4020791 UMLS:C4024646 Absent/small fallopian tube Absent/underdeveloped fallopian tube Absent or rudimentary fallopian tubes Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the fallopian tube Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the fallopian tube. Absent/small fallopian tube Absent/underdeveloped fallopian tube Hypertrophy of the clitoris. SNOMEDCT_US:80212005 UMLS:C0156394 Clitoral enlargement Clitoromegaly Enlarged clitoris Hypertrophic clitoris Prominent clitoris Increased size of the clitoris. Clitoral hypertrophy Hypertrophy of the clitoris. Enlarged clitoris Incomplete maturation or aberrant formation of the male gametes. SNOMEDCT_US:4529005 UMLS:C0520933 UMLS:C4020789 Impaired spermatogenesis Abnormal sperm development Abnormal spermatogenesis Incomplete maturation or aberrant formation of the male gametes. MP:0001156 Abnormal sperm development Absence or underdevelopment of the kidney. UMLS:C1857453 Absent/small kidney Absent/underdeveloped kidney Renal agenesis/hypoplasia Renal aplasia/hypoplasia Renal hypoplasia/aplasia Absence or underdevelopment of the kidney. Absent/small kidney Absent/underdeveloped kidney Absence or developmental hypoplasia of the uterus. UMLS:C4024640 Absent/small uterus Absent/underdeveloped uterus Aplasia/hypoplasia of the uterus Absence or developmental hypoplasia of the uterus. Absent/small uterus Absent/underdeveloped uterus UMLS:C1844923 Hypoplastic prostate Underdeveloped prostate Hypoplasia of the prostate Underdeveloped prostate Developmental hypoplasia of the fallopian tube. UMLS:C1968706 Rudimentary fallopian tubes Underdeveloped fallopian tube Hypoplasia of the fallopian tube Developmental hypoplasia of the fallopian tube. Underdeveloped fallopian tube UMLS:C4024637 Absent internal genitalia Deposition of calcium salts in gonadal tissue. UMLS:C4024636 Gonadal calcification Deposition of calcium salts in gonadal tissue. SNOMEDCT_US:253847002 UMLS:C0302885 Testicular dysgenesis The presence of a diverticulum (sac or pouch) in the wall of the urethra. SNOMEDCT_US:90531003 UMLS:C0152443 Urethral diverticulum The presence of a diverticulum (sac or pouch) in the wall of the urethra. Developmental hypoplasia of the ovary. SNOMEDCT_US:93279005 UMLS:C0685840 UMLS:C1835452 Hypoplastic ovary Underdeveloped ovary Hypoplasia of the ovary Developmental hypoplasia of the ovary. Underdeveloped ovary Developmental hypoplasia of the vagina. SNOMEDCT_US:253836009 UMLS:C0345309 UMLS:C1442988 Hypoplastic vagina Rudimentary vagina Underdeveloped vagina Hypoplasia of the vagina Developmental hypoplasia of the vagina. Underdeveloped vagina Reduced volume of the testicle (the male gonad). SNOMEDCT_US:276411001 UMLS:C0241355 Decreased testicular size Hypoplastic testes Small testes Small testis Testicular hypoplasia Decreased testicular size Reduced volume of the testicle (the male gonad). Decreased testicular size Small testes Small testis SNOMEDCT_US:34911001 UMLS:C0266435 Underdeveloped penis Hypoplasia of penis Underdeveloped penis Ossification affecting the set of cartilages of larynx. UMLS:C1855622 This term describes abnormal ossification affecting one or more of the cartilages of the larnyx (cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage, triticeal cartilage, and sesamoid cartilage). Cartilaginous ossification of larynx Ossification affecting the set of cartilages of larynx. Underdevelopment of the larynx. SNOMEDCT_US:253736003 UMLS:C0431527 Hypoplastic larynx Laryngeal hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the larynx. Presence of a gap in the posterior laryngotracheal wall with a continuity between the larynx and the esophagus. MSH:C537875 SNOMEDCT_US:232461002 UMLS:C1840311 Laryngotracheal cleft Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft i Embryologically, the trachea and esophagus share a common lumen until they are separated by the development of the tracheoesophageal septum. Failure of this fusion and incomplete development of the tracheoesophageal septum may lead to congenital abnormalities such as isolatedlaryngeal cleft, tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophageal atresia, depending on the severity of the abnormality. Patients with laryngeal cleft may present with feeding difficulty, chronic cough, stridor, pneumonia or respiratory distress, depending on the size of the cleft. Laryngeal cleft Presence of a gap in the posterior laryngotracheal wall with a continuity between the larynx and the esophagus. PMID:17178945 A malformation of the laryngeal cartilage. UMLS:C4021530 Vocal impairment, severe, due to laryngeal cartilage abnormalities Laryngeal cartilage malformation A malformation of the laryngeal cartilage. Calcification (abnormal deposits of calcium) in the laryngeal tissues. UMLS:C1859158 Laryngeal calcifications Laryngeal calcification Calcification (abnormal deposits of calcium) in the laryngeal tissues. Laryngeal calcifications Lack of intentional participation in interactions with another person. UMLS:C1849683 No social interaction No social interaction No social interaction The presence of aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the ear. UMLS:C4024627 Absent/small ear Absent/underdeveloped ear Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the ear The presence of aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the ear. Absent/small ear Absent/underdeveloped ear The presence of aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of all or part of the external ear. UMLS:C4024626 Absent/small external ear Absent/underdeveloped external ear Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the external ear The presence of aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of all or part of the external ear. Absent/small external ear Absent/underdeveloped external ear Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of all or part of the middle ear. UMLS:C4021529 Absent/small middle ear Absent/underdeveloped middle ear Hypoplastic/aplastic middle ear structures Middle ear hypoplasia/aplasia Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the middle ear Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of all or part of the middle ear. Absent/small middle ear Absent/underdeveloped middle ear Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the inner ear. UMLS:C4024625 Absent/small inner ear Absent/underdeveloped inner ear Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the inner ear Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the inner ear. Absent/small inner ear Absent/underdeveloped inner ear An abnormality of the prostate. UMLS:C0747987 Abnormality of the prostate Abnormal prostate morphology An abnormality of the prostate. Abnormality of the prostate Any structural abnormality of the renal artery. UMLS:C4024624 Abnormal kidney artery Abnormality of the renal artery Abnormal renal artery morphology Any structural abnormality of the renal artery. Abnormal kidney artery Delayed maturation and calcification of the pubic bone. UMLS:C1861528 UMLS:C1866710 UMLS:C4280411 Absent pubic ossification in infancy Delayed maturation fo pubic bone Delayed mineralization of pubic bone Delayed pubic bone ossification Delayed maturation and calcification of the pubic bone. Delayed maturation fo pubic bone Delayed mineralization of pubic bone Underdevelopment of the femoral head. UMLS:C1856920 Hypoplastic femoral head Small femoral heads Small head of thigh bone Hypoplasia of the femoral head Underdevelopment of the femoral head. Small head of thigh bone A smaller than normal acetabulum that has insufficient femoral head coverage leading to abnormal hip joint contact pressures, instability and pain. MSH:D006617 UMLS:C1328407 Dysplastic acetabulae Acetabular dysplasia can lead to hip pain and early-onset hip osteoarthritis. Acetabular dysplasia A smaller than normal acetabulum that has insufficient femoral head coverage leading to abnormal hip joint contact pressures, instability and pain. PMID:23764788 PMID:34377520 An abnormally flattened femoral head. UMLS:C1860601 Flat head of thigh bone Flattened femoral heads Flattened femoral head An abnormally flattened femoral head. Flat head of thigh bone Flattened femoral heads Lack of ossification of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. UMLS:C1968686 Absent ossification of femoral capital epiphyses The ossification center of the capital femoral epiphysis appears at the end of the first year after birth. Absent ossification of capital femoral epiphysis Lack of ossification of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Developmental delay of ossification of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. UMLS:C1855222 Delayed ossification of the proximal femoral epiphysis Delayed ossification proximal femoral epiphyses The proximal femoral epiphyseal ossification center normally appears at about age 6 months. Delayed proximal femoral epiphyseal ossification Developmental delay of ossification of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Delayed ossification of the femoral head. UMLS:C1846446 UMLS:C4280410 Delayed maturation of the head of the thigh bone Delayed femoral head ossification Delayed ossification of the femoral head. Delayed maturation of the head of the thigh bone There is normally one ossification center in the head of the femur. This term applies if there are multiple such centers. UMLS:C1846447 Additionally, the ossification center of the capital femoral epiphysis appears at the end of the first year after birth. This is not what this term refers to. Multicentric femoral head ossification There is normally one ossification center in the head of the femur. This term applies if there are multiple such centers. Underdevelopment of the bony pelvis. UMLS:C3536734 Hypoplastic pelvic bones Small pelvis Hypoplastic pelvis Underdevelopment of the bony pelvis. A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short limbs but an average-sized trunk. UMLS:C1849937 Brachymelic dwarfism Disproportionate short limb dwarfism Dwarfism, short-limbed Micromelic dwarfism Short limb dwarfism, disproportionate Short stature, disproportionate short limb Short stature, disproportionate short-limb Short-limb dwarfism Short-limbed dwarfism Short limb dwarfism A type of dwarfism (marked short stature with adult height below 147 cm) in which the limbs are disproportionatley affected. Note that brachymelia is a general term refering to shortening of the limbs. Micromelia refers to the shortening of entire limbs (in contrast to rhizomelia, mesomelia, and acromelia, which refer to shortening of the proximal, middle, or distal portions of the limbs). Disproportionate short-limb short stature A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short limbs but an average-sized trunk. Short limb dwarfism, disproportionate Short-limbed dwarfism Short limb dwarfism A loss of adipose tissue. UMLS:C4024615 Loss of fat tissue Adipose tissue loss A loss of adipose tissue. Loss of fat tissue Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the arms. UMLS:C1866013 Proximal muscle atrophy in upper limbs Proximal upper limb muscle atrophy Proximal upper limb amyotrophy Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the arms. Underdevelopment of muscles of the shoulder. UMLS:C1969001 Underdeveloped shoulder muscle Shoulder muscle hypoplasia Underdevelopment of muscles of the shoulder. Underdeveloped shoulder muscle Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the legs, i.e., of the thigh. UMLS:C1836767 Amyotrophy involving the thigh Amyotrophy of the thigh musculature Proximal lower limb muscle atrophy Thigh muscle atrophy Wasting of thigh muscle Proximal lower limb amyotrophy Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the legs, i.e., of the thigh. Wasting of thigh muscle Underdevelopment of the muscuklature of the calf. UMLS:C3805450 Hypoplastic calf muscles Underdeveloped calf muscles Calf muscle hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the muscuklature of the calf. Underdeveloped calf muscles Muscle hypertrophy primarily affecting the legs. UMLS:C1850663 Muscle hypertrophy of the lower extremities Muscle hypertrophy primarily affecting the legs. Muscle hypertrophy affecting the calf muscles. UMLS:C1843057 Calf hypertrophy Increased size of calf muscles Muscular hypertrophy of the calf muscles Distal lower limb hypertrophy Calf muscle hypertrophy Muscle hypertrophy affecting the calf muscles. Increased size of calf muscles Underdevelopment of muscles of the neck. UMLS:C1969000 UMLS:C4280408 UMLS:C4280409 Decreased size of neck muscle Small neck muscle Underdevelopment of neck muscle Deficiency of neck muscle Hypotrophic neck muscle Neck muscle hypoplasia Underdevelopment of muscles of the neck. Decreased size of neck muscle Small neck muscle Underdevelopment of neck muscle Deficiency of neck muscle Hypotrophic neck muscle An abnormal increase in the amount of intramuscular fat tissue. UMLS:C1835389 Increased IM fat Increased intramuscular fat Increased intramuscular fat An abnormal increase in the amount of intramuscular fat tissue. Increased IM fat Increased intramuscular fat Congenital lack, i.e., aplasia of the diaphragm. SNOMEDCT_US:702613006 SNOMEDCT_US:72424001 UMLS:C0221360 Absent diaphragm Agenesis of diaphragm An extremely large diaphragmatic defect, or apparent absence of the hemidiaphragm, is called agenesis of the diaphragm; this defect probably represents the severe end of the Bochdalek hernia spectrum rather than a distinct entity. Agenesis of the diaphragm Congenital lack, i.e., aplasia of the diaphragm. Absent diaphragm Muscular atrophy affecting the muscles that attach to the pelvic girdle (the gluteal muscles, the lateral rotators, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, pectineus, and gracilis muscles). UMLS:C0240679 Pelvic girdle muscle wasting Pelvic girdle muscle atrophy Muscular atrophy affecting the muscles that attach to the pelvic girdle (the gluteal muscles, the lateral rotators, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, pectineus, and gracilis muscles). An abnormal increase in the amount of intraabdominal fat tissue. UMLS:C1835390 Increased intraabdominal fat An abnormal increase in the amount of intraabdominal fat tissue. Loss (reduction of previously present) of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the region of the trunk. UMLS:C1835384 Loss of fat tissue in trunk Loss of subcutaneous truncal adipose tissue Loss of truncal adipose tissue Loss of truncal subcutaneous adipose tissue Loss (reduction of previously present) of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the region of the trunk. Loss of fat tissue in trunk The presence of an abnormally increased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the trunk of the body. UMLS:C1837781 Increased fat below the skin in trunk Increased subcutaneous truncal adipose tissue The presence of an abnormally increased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the trunk of the body. Increased fat below the skin in trunk Underdevelopment of the musculature. SNOMEDCT_US:205530002 UMLS:C0240414 Muscle hypoplasia Poorly developed skeletal musculature Underdeveloped muscle Underdeveloped muscles Hypoplasia of the musculature Underdevelopment of the musculature. Poorly developed skeletal musculature Underdeveloped muscle Underdevelopment of the serratus anterior muscle, which is involved in abduction, upward Rotation, and elevation of the scapula. UMLS:C1868167 Hypoplasia of serratus anterior muscle Underdevelopment of the serratus anterior muscle, which is involved in abduction, upward Rotation, and elevation of the scapula. Underdevelopment of muscles of the arm. UMLS:C1846478 Underdevelopment of upper limb muscles Upper limb muscle hypoplasia Underdevelopment of muscles of the arm. Underdevelopment of upper limb muscles The presence of an abnormally increased amount of connective tissue. UMLS:C1866021 Increased connective tissue The presence of an abnormally increased amount of connective tissue. Underdevelopment of the latissimus dorsi muscle, which is involved in adduction, extension, internal rotation, and transverse extension of the shoulder and assists in movement of the scapula. UMLS:C3805860 Hypoplasia of latissimus dorsi muscle Underdevelopment of the latissimus dorsi muscle, which is involved in adduction, extension, internal rotation, and transverse extension of the shoulder and assists in movement of the scapula. UMLS:C4024602 Loss of fat tissue below the skin from upper limbs Loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue from upper limbs Loss of fat tissue below the skin from upper limbs An abnormal accumulation of lipids in skeletal muscle. UMLS:C1837262 Fat accumulation in muscle fibers Fat accumulation in muscle fibres Fat deposits in muscle fibers Fat deposits in muscle fibres Increased muscle lipid content Lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle Muscle lipidosis Skeletal muscle lipid accumulation Increased neutral lipid content may be observed on muscle biopsies specimen with the specific staining of Sudan black or oil red O techniques by optic microscopy. Increased muscle lipid content An abnormal accumulation of lipids in skeletal muscle. PMID:20691590 Fat accumulation in muscle fibers Fat accumulation in muscle fibres Fat deposits in muscle fibers Fat deposits in muscle fibres Increased muscle lipid content Lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle lipid accumulation Progressive spinal muscular atrophy, i.e., muscular weakness and atrophy related to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem. UMLS:C4082951 Progressive spinal muscle degeneration Progressive spinal muscle wasting Progressive spinal muscular atrophy Progressive spinal muscular atrophy, i.e., muscular weakness and atrophy related to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem. Progressive spinal muscle degeneration Progressive spinal muscle wasting UMLS:C1854934 UMLS:C4280407 Increasing size of gum ridge Progressive hypertrophy of alveolar process of jaw Increasing overgrowth of gum ridge Progressive alveolar ridge hypertropy Increasing size of gum ridge Progressive hypertrophy of alveolar process of jaw Increasing overgrowth of gum ridge UMLS:C4024597 Absent/small pelvis Absent/underdeveloped pelvis Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the pelvis Absent/small pelvis Absent/underdeveloped pelvis Absence or underdevelopment of the pubic bone. UMLS:C1849305 Absent/small pubic bones Absent/underdeveloped pubic bones Hypoplastic/aplastic pubic bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the pubic bone Absence or underdevelopment of the pubic bone. Absent/small pubic bones Absent/underdeveloped pubic bones Hypoplastic/aplastic pubic bones Abnormal ossification (bone tissue formation) affecting the pubic bone, also known as the pubis. UMLS:C4024596 UMLS:C4280403 Abnormal maturation of the pubic bone Abnormal ossification of the pubic bone Abnormal ossification (bone tissue formation) affecting the pubic bone, also known as the pubis. Abnormal maturation of the pubic bone An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any bone of the bony pelvis. UMLS:C4021525 UMLS:C4280402 Abnormal ossification involving the bones of the pelvis Abnormal maturation of the pelvis bone Abnormal pelvis bone ossification An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any bone of the bony pelvis. Abnormal maturation of the pelvis bone UMLS:C4024595 Abnormal maturation of thigh bone head and neck Abnormal ossification involving the femoral head and neck Abnormal maturation of thigh bone head and neck UMLS:C4024594 Absent/small head and neck of thighbone Absent/underdeveloped head and neck of thighbone Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the femoral head and neck Absent/small head and neck of thighbone Absent/underdeveloped head and neck of thighbone Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of one or more components of the skeleton. UMLS:C4024592 Absent/small skeleton Absent/underdeveloped skeleton Aplasia/hypoplasia involving the skeleton Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of one or more components of the skeleton. Absent/small skeleton Absent/underdeveloped skeleton UMLS:C4024591 Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving bones of the skull An abnormality of the axial skeleton, which comprises the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum. UMLS:C4020785 UMLS:C4024586 Abnormality of the axial skeleton Abnormal axial skeleton morphology An abnormality of the axial skeleton, which comprises the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum. Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of bones of the axial skeleton. UMLS:C4024585 Aplasia/hypoplasia affecting bones of the axial skeleton Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of bones of the axial skeleton. An abnormality of adipose tissue, which is loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. UMLS:C4021524 Abnormality of adipose tissue Abnormality of fat tissue Abnormality of fatty tissue Abnormal adipose tissue morphology An abnormality of adipose tissue, which is loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. Abnormality of adipose tissue Abnormality of fat tissue Abnormality of fatty tissue An increase in adipose tissue mass by hyperplastic growth (increase in the number of adipocytes) or by hypertrophic growth (increase in the size of adipocytes occurring primarily by lipid accumulation within the cell). UMLS:C4024583 Increased adipose tissue Increased fat tissue Increased adipose tissue An increase in adipose tissue mass by hyperplastic growth (increase in the number of adipocytes) or by hypertrophic growth (increase in the size of adipocytes occurring primarily by lipid accumulation within the cell). Increased adipose tissue Increased fat tissue UMLS:C4024582 Abnormal limb muscles Muscle issues in the arms and/or legs Abnormality of the musculature of the limbs Abnormal limb muscles Muscle issues in the arms and/or legs UMLS:C4024581 Absent/small muscles of extremities Absent/underdeveloped muscles of extremities Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the musculature of the extremities Absent/small muscles of extremities Absent/underdeveloped muscles of extremities Muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the upper limbs. UMLS:C4021523 Amyotrophy involving the upper limbs Upper limb amyotrophy Muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the upper limbs. Muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the hand. UMLS:C0239830 Amyotrophy involving the musculature of the hand Amyotrophy of hand muscles Hand muscle degeneration Hand muscle wasting Hand muscle wasting, bilateral This term can be used to described bilateral amyotrophy of the musculature of the hand. Hand muscle atrophy Muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the hand. Hand muscle degeneration A disease or lesion affecting the muscles of the thorax. UMLS:C4024580 Abnormality of the musculature of the thorax A disease or lesion affecting the muscles of the thorax. This term applies to all changes in bone mineral density of the tarsal bones, which (depending on severity) can be seen on x-rays as a change in density and or structure of the bone. UMLS:C4021522 Abnormality of bone mineral density involving tarsal bones Abnormal tarsal bone mineral density This term applies to all changes in bone mineral density of the tarsal bones, which (depending on severity) can be seen on x-rays as a change in density and or structure of the bone. UMLS:C4024578 Duplication involving bones of the feet Duplication involving bones of the feet Duplication involving bones of the feet UMLS:C4024574 Duplication of bones involving the upper extremities Duplication of bones involving the upper extremities Duplication of bones involving the upper extremities UMLS:C4024573 Supernumerary bones of the axial skeleton Any structural anomaly of a cerebral artery. The cerebral arteries comprise three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which supply the cerebrum of the brain. These are the anterior cerebral artery, the middle cerebral artery, and the posterior cerebral artery. UMLS:C4021520 Abnormality of cerebral artery Abnormality of the cerebral arteries Abnormal cerebral artery morphology Any structural anomaly of a cerebral artery. The cerebral arteries comprise three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which supply the cerebrum of the brain. These are the anterior cerebral artery, the middle cerebral artery, and the posterior cerebral artery. Abnormality of cerebral artery Abnormality of the cerebral arteries Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024572 Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of little finger Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of pinkie finger Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of pinky finger Enlarged epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of little finger Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of pinkie finger Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of pinky finger Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024571 Small end part of the outermost bone of little finger Small end part of the outermost bone of pinkie finger Small end part of the outermost bone of pinky finger Small epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of the outermost bone of little finger Small end part of the outermost bone of pinkie finger Small end part of the outermost bone of pinky finger Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger. UMLS:C4024570 Abnormality of the innermost bone little finger Abnormality of the innermost bone pinkie finger Abnormality of the innermost bone pinky finger Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger. Abnormality of the innermost bone little finger Abnormality of the innermost bone pinkie finger Abnormality of the innermost bone pinky finger Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of the 5th finger. UMLS:C4024569 Abnormality of end part of little finger bone Abnormality of end part of pinkie finger bone Abnormality of end part of pinky finger bone Abnormality of the epiphyses of the 5th finger Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of the 5th finger. Abnormality of end part of little finger bone Abnormality of end part of pinkie finger bone Abnormality of end part of pinky finger bone Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. UMLS:C4024568 Abnormality of end part of the innermost bone of little finger Abnormality of end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Abnormality of end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. Abnormality of end part of the innermost bone of little finger Abnormality of end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Abnormality of end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024566 Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of little finger Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Enlarged epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of little finger Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024565 Small end part of the innermost bone of little finger Small end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Small end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Small epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of the innermost bone of little finger Small end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Small end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger. UMLS:C4024564 Absent end part of the innermost bone of little finger Absent end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Absent end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Absent epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger. Absent end part of the innermost bone of little finger Absent end part of the innermost bone of pinkie finger Absent end part of the innermost bone of pinky finger Absence or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the middle phalanx of the little (5th) finger. UMLS:C1834034 Absent/hypoplastic middle phalanx of 5th finger Absent/small middle bone of pinky finger Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of little finger Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinkie finger Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinky finger Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Absence or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the middle phalanx of the little (5th) finger. Absent/small middle bone of pinky finger Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of little finger Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinkie finger Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinky finger UMLS:C1968592 Abnormal calcification of the wrist bones Carpal calcifications Abnormal calcification of the carpal bones Abnormal calcification of the wrist bones Displacement of the 5th finger from its normal position. UMLS:C4021515 Displaced little finger Displaced pinkie finger Displaced pinky finger Laterally displaced fifth finger Deviation of the 5th finger Displacement of the 5th finger from its normal position. Displaced little finger Displaced pinkie finger Displaced pinky finger Displacement of the 5th finger towards the ulnar side. UMLS:C4024553 Ulnar deviation of the 5th finger Displacement of the 5th finger towards the ulnar side. Chronic loss of joint motion in the 5th finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. The term camptodactyly of the 5th finger is used if the distal and/or proximal interphalangeal joints are affected. UMLS:C1865702 5th finger camptodactyly Fifth finger camptodactyly Joint contracture of the 5th finger Chronic loss of joint motion in the 5th finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. The term camptodactyly of the 5th finger is used if the distal and/or proximal interphalangeal joints are affected. Chronic loss of joint motion of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. UMLS:C4024551 Contracture of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th finger Chronic loss of joint motion of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) flexion deformity of the little finger. That is, the PIP joint of a little finger is bent (flexed) and cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement. UMLS:C3554612 Camptodactyly of 5th finger Camptodactyly of the fifth finger Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 5th finger Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) flexion deformity of the little finger. That is, the PIP joint of a little finger is bent (flexed) and cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement. Chronic loss of joint motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the 5th finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. UMLS:C4024550 Contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the 5th finger Chronic loss of joint motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the 5th finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. A secondary ossification center in the distal phalanx of the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4024548 Pseudoepiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger A secondary ossification center in the distal phalanx of the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. Absence or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger. UMLS:C4024544 Absent/small innermost little finger bone Absent/small innermost pinkie finger bone Absent/small innermost pinky finger bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost pinky finger bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Absence or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger. Absent/small innermost little finger bone Absent/small innermost pinkie finger bone Absent/small innermost pinky finger bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost pinky finger bone A pseudoepiphysis is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis. The normal metacarpal epiphyses are located at the distal ends of the metacarpal bones. Accessory epiphyses (which are also known as pseudoepiphyses) can also occasionally be observed at the proximal ends of the metacarpals, usually involving the 2nd metacarpal bone. UMLS:C1860253 Accessory proximal metacarpal ossification centers Accessory proximal metacarpal ossification centres Metacarpal pseudoepiphyses Pseudoepiphyses of the metacarpals A pseudoepiphysis is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis. The normal metacarpal epiphyses are located at the distal ends of the metacarpal bones. Accessory epiphyses (which are also known as pseudoepiphyses) can also occasionally be observed at the proximal ends of the metacarpals, usually involving the 2nd metacarpal bone. Accessory proximal metacarpal ossification centres Abnormally small size of the epiphyses located at the distal end of the metacarpals in respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024543 Small end part of the long bone of hand Small epiphyses of the metacarpals Abnormally small size of the epiphyses located at the distal end of the metacarpals in respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of the long bone of hand Absence of the epiphyses of the metacarpal bones, which are normally located at the distal ends of the metacarpals. UMLS:C4021513 Absent end part of the long bone of hand Absent metacarpal ossification center Absent metacarpal ossification centre Absent metacarpal epiphyses Absence of the epiphyses of the metacarpal bones, which are normally located at the distal ends of the metacarpals. Absent end part of the long bone of hand Absent metacarpal ossification centre Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the fifth finger. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. UMLS:C4021512 Abnormality of end part of the outermost bone of the little finger Abnormality of end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie finger Abnormality of end part of the outermost bone of the pinky finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the terminal phalanx of the little finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the fifth finger. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. Abnormality of end part of the outermost bone of the little finger Abnormality of end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie finger Abnormality of end part of the outermost bone of the pinky finger A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4024540 Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger. UMLS:C4024537 Absent end part of the middle bone of the little finger Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinkie finger Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinky finger Absent epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger. Absent end part of the middle bone of the little finger Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinkie finger Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinky finger Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024534 Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the little finger Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinkie finger Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinky finger Enlarged epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the little finger Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinkie finger Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinky finger A secondary ossification center in the middle phalanx of the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4024530 Pseudoepiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger A secondary ossification center in the middle phalanx of the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024529 Small end part of the middle bone of the little finger Small end part of the middle bone of the pinkie finger Small end part of the middle bone of the pinky finger Small epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of the middle bone of the little finger Small end part of the middle bone of the pinkie finger Small end part of the middle bone of the pinky finger Hypoplastic/small proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. UMLS:C4021509 Hypoplastic/small proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Short innermost little finger bone Short innermost pinkie finger bone Short innermost pinky finger bone Short proximal phalanx of the fifth finger Short proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Hypoplastic/small proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. Short innermost little finger bone Short innermost pinkie finger bone Short innermost pinky finger bone Short proximal phalanx of the fifth finger Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the fifth finger, also known as the little finger. UMLS:C1842878 Fifth finger brachydactyly Hypoplastic phalanges of the little finger Hypoplastic/small 5th finger Hypoplastic/small little finger Short 5th finger Short fifth finger Short fifth fingers Short little finger Short phalanges of the little finger Short pinkie finger Short pinky finger Short 5th finger Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the fifth finger, also known as the little finger. Short 5th finger Short fifth finger Short fifth fingers Short little finger Short pinkie finger Short pinky finger UMLS:C4024507 Absent/small outermost bone of little finger Absent/small outermost bone of pinkie finger Absent/small outermost bone of pinky finger Absent/underdeveloped outermost bone of pinky finger Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Absent/small outermost bone of little finger Absent/small outermost bone of pinkie finger Absent/small outermost bone of pinky finger Absent/underdeveloped outermost bone of pinky finger UMLS:C4024413 Type A brachydactyly Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the 5th finger. UMLS:C4024410 Absent/small little finger bones Absent/small pinkie finger bones Absent/small pinky finger bones Absent/underdeveloped pinky finger bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the 5th finger Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the 5th finger. Absent/small little finger bones Absent/small pinkie finger bones Absent/small pinky finger bones Absent/underdeveloped pinky finger bones A developmental defect resulting in the presence of fewer than the normal number of fingers (i.e., aplasia of one or more fingers). SNOMEDCT_US:71358006 UMLS:C0728895 Absent fingers Aplasia of the fingers Hand has less than 5 fingers Hand oligodactyly Finger aplasia A developmental defect resulting in the presence of fewer than the normal number of fingers (i.e., aplasia of one or more fingers). Absent fingers Hand has less than 5 fingers Abnormally short finger associated with developmental hypoplasia. SNOMEDCT_US:249765007 UMLS:C0239594 UMLS:C1844548 Hypoplastic digits Hypoplastic fingers Hypoplastic/small fingers Short finger Stubby finger Stubby fingers Short finger Abnormally short finger associated with developmental hypoplasia. Short finger Stubby finger Stubby fingers Absence of one or more epiphyses of the 5th finger. UMLS:C4024407 Absent end part of little finger bone Absent end part of pinkie finger bone Absent end part of pinky finger bone Absent epiphyses of the 5th finger Absence of one or more epiphyses of the 5th finger. Absent end part of little finger bone Absent end part of pinkie finger bone Absent end part of pinky finger bone Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024404 Enlarged end part of the little finger bones Enlarged end part of the pinkie finger bones Enlarged end part of the pinky finger bones Enlarged epiphyses of the 5th finger Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of the little finger bones Enlarged end part of the pinkie finger bones Enlarged end part of the pinky finger bones A secondary ossification center in the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4024400 Pseudoepiphyses of the 5th finger A secondary ossification center in the fifth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. Abnormally small size of the epiphyses of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024399 Small end part of little finger bone Small end part of pinkie finger bone Small end part of pinky finger bone Small epiphyses of the 5th finger Abnormally small size of the epiphyses of the 5th finger with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of little finger bone Small end part of pinkie finger bone Small end part of pinky finger bone Bending or curvature of a finger toward the ulnar side (i.e., away from the thumb). The deviation is at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, and this finding is distinct from clinodactyly. SNOMEDCT_US:276662009 SNOMEDCT_US:367510009 UMLS:C0231679 Finger bends toward pinky Ulnar Drift Ulnar deviation of finger Bending or curvature of a finger toward the ulnar side (i.e., away from the thumb). The deviation is at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, and this finding is distinct from clinodactyly. PMID:19125433 Finger bends toward pinky Contractures of one ore more joints of the hands meaning chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. MEDDRA:10010821 SNOMEDCT_US:86414002 UMLS:C0158113 Contractures involving the hands Contractures of the hands Joint contracture of the hand Contractures of one ore more joints of the hands meaning chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. MEDDRA:10010821 Contracture of hand joint Displacement of the hand or of fingers of the hand from their normal position. UMLS:C4024338 Displaced hand or fingers of the hand Deviation of the hand or of fingers of the hand Displacement of the hand or of fingers of the hand from their normal position. Displaced hand or fingers of the hand Divergence of the longitudinal axis of the hand at the wrist in a posterior (ulnar) direction (i.e., towards the little finger). SNOMEDCT_US:249757009 UMLS:C0241521 Ulnar deviation of hands Ulnar deviation of the hands Ulnar deviation of the hand Divergence of the longitudinal axis of the hand at the wrist in a posterior (ulnar) direction (i.e., towards the little finger). PMID:19125433 Ulnar deviation of hands Ulnar deviation of the hands Underdevelopment of the pharynx. Small pharynx UMLS:C4024295 UMLS:C4280396 UMLS:C4280397 UMLS:C4280398 UMLS:C4280399 UMLS:C4280400 Decreased size of pharynx Underdevelopment of pharynx Decreased diameter of pharynx Decreased length of pharynx Decreased volume of pharynx Decreased width of pharynx Hypotrophic pharynx Hypoplasia of the pharynx Underdevelopment of the pharynx. Small pharynx Decreased size of pharynx Underdevelopment of pharynx Decreased diameter of pharynx Decreased length of pharynx Decreased volume of pharynx Decreased width of pharynx Hypotrophic pharynx Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the proximal, and distal phalanges of the thumb and/or the 1st metacarpal. UMLS:C4021429 Abnormality of end part of thumb long bone Abnormality of the epiphyses of the thumb Abnormality of thumb epiphyses In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5 (whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits). Abnormality of thumb epiphysis Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the proximal, and distal phalanges of the thumb and/or the 1st metacarpal. Abnormality of end part of thumb long bone Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the thumb joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. The term camptodactyly is used if the distal and/or proximal interphalangeal joints are affected. SNOMEDCT_US:239736003 UMLS:C0409346 Contracture of thumb Flexion deformities of thumbs Joint contractures of the thumb Thumb joint contracture Thumb contracture Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the thumb joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. The term camptodactyly is used if the distal and/or proximal interphalangeal joints are affected. PMID:16214063 PMID:24975760 PMID:31282072 Hypoplastic/small or absent thumb. MSH:C536903 UMLS:C3179508 Absent or hypoplastic thumbs Absent/hypoplastic thumb Absent/hypoplastic thumbs Absent/small thumb Absent/underdeveloped thumb Aplasia/hypoplasia of thumbs Aplastic/hypoplastic thumbs Hypoplastic to aplastic thumbs Hypoplastic/absent thumb Thumb aplasia/hypoplasia Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thumb Hypoplastic/small or absent thumb. Absent/small thumb Absent/underdeveloped thumb A structural anomaly of one or more phalanges of the thumb. UMLS:C4021428 Abnormality of the thumb bones Abnormality of thumb phalanges Abnormality of thumb phalanx A structural anomaly of one or more phalanges of the thumb. Abnormality of the thumb bones Displacement of the thumb from its normal position. UMLS:C3552414 Abnormal thumb placement Deviated thumb Displacement of the thumb Deviation of the thumb Displacement of the thumb from its normal position. Abnormal thumb placement Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. On x-ray two separate bones appear side to side. UMLS:C4021427 Complete duplication of outermost bone of the thumb Complete duplication of distal phalanx of the thumb Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. On x-ray two separate bones appear side to side. Complete duplication of outermost bone of the thumb Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. On x-ray two separate bones appear side to side. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4024273 Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the thumb Complete duplication of proximal phalanx of the thumb Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. On x-ray two separate bones appear side to side. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the thumb Partail or complete duplication of the first metacarpal bone. UMLS:C4021426 Partial/complete duplication of the 1st long bone of hand Partial/complete duplication of the 1st metacarpal In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin. This term applies if the first metacarpal is completely or partially duplicated. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched metacarpal (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the metacarpal), a partially fused appearance of the two bones (in most cases the fused bone resembles a Y-shape), or two separate metacarpal bones appearing side to side. Duplication of the 1st metacarpal Partail or complete duplication of the first metacarpal bone. Partial/complete duplication of the 1st long bone of hand Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx) to a partially fused appearance of the two bones. UMLS:C1860162 Bifid distal phalanx of thumb Bifid terminal phalanges of thumbs Bifid thumb distal phalanx Incipient distal thumb phalanx duplication Notched outermost bone of the thumb Notched outermost bone of thumb Notched terminal thumb phalanx Note that with bifid distal phalanx, the terminal phalanx of the thumb is clefted but is still one bone. With duplication of the terminal phalanx of the thumb, the distal phalanx is split into two bones that are located side by side. With triphalangeal thumb, the thumb has three phalanxes located one after the other. Bifid distal phalanx of the thumb Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx) to a partially fused appearance of the two bones. Notched outermost bone of the thumb Complete or partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx), a partially fused appearance of the two bones, or two separate bones appearing side to side. UMLS:C4021425 Double thumb distal phalanges Duplicated terminal phalanx of thumb Duplication of distal thumb phalanx Duplication of terminal thumb phalanx Duplication of the outermost bone of the thumb Partial/complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb Duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb Complete or partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx), a partially fused appearance of the two bones, or two separate bones appearing side to side. Duplication of the outermost bone of the thumb Complete or partial duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx), a partially fused appearance of the two bones, or two separate bones appearing side to side. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4021424 Notched innermost bone of thumb Partial/complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Complete or partial duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx), a partially fused appearance of the two bones, or two separate bones appearing side to side. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Notched innermost bone of thumb This term applies if the proximal phalanx of the thumb is partially duplicated. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx) to a partially fused appearance of the two bones. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4024272 Notched thumb bone Bifid proximal phalanx of the thumb This term applies if the proximal phalanx of the thumb is partially duplicated. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx) to a partially fused appearance of the two bones. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Notched thumb bone Complete duplication of the first metacarpal bone. UMLS:C4024271 Complete duplication of the first long bone of hand In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin, equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. This term applies if the first metacarpal is completely duplicated. On x-ray two separate metacarpal bones appear side to side. This term applies if the first metacarpal is completely duplicated. Complete duplication of the first metacarpal Complete duplication of the first metacarpal bone. Complete duplication of the first long bone of hand Partial duplication of the first metacarpal bone. UMLS:C4021423 Notched first long bone of hand partial duplication of the first metacarpal In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin (equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits). This term applies if the first metacarpal is partially duplicated. Depending on the severity the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched metacarpal (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the metacarpal) to a partially fused appearance of the two bones. In most cases the fused bone resembles a Y-shape. Bifid first metacarpal Partial duplication of the first metacarpal bone. Notched first long bone of hand Any anomaly of the distal phalanx of thumb. UMLS:C4021422 Abnormality of terminal thumb phalanx Abnormality of the outermost bone of the thumb Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the thumb Any anomaly of the distal phalanx of thumb. Abnormality of the outermost bone of the thumb An anomaly of the shape or form of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. UMLS:C4021421 Abnormal innermost thumb bone Abnormality of proximal thumb phalanx In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the thumb An anomaly of the shape or form of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Abnormal innermost thumb bone In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Chronic loss of joint motion of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. This joint is formed by the first metacarpal and the trapezial bone and is also called Articulatio carpometacarpalis pollicis, carpometacarpal articulation of thumb, carpometacarpal joint of thumb or first carpometacarpal articulation. Seldom referred to as thumb saddle joint. UMLS:C4024269 Contracture of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Carpometacarpal thumb joint contracture Chronic loss of joint motion of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. This joint is formed by the first metacarpal and the trapezial bone and is also called Articulatio carpometacarpalis pollicis, carpometacarpal articulation of thumb, carpometacarpal joint of thumb or first carpometacarpal articulation. Seldom referred to as thumb saddle joint. Chronic loss of joint motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. This joint is also called Articulatio metacarpophalangealis pollicis. UMLS:C2108151 Contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb Metacarpophalangeal thumb joint contracture Chronic loss of joint motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. This joint is also called Articulatio metacarpophalangealis pollicis. Chronic loss of joint motion of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. This joint is also called Articulatio interphalangealis pollicis. UMLS:C2108146 Contracture of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb Interphalangeal extension contractures of thumbs Interphalangeal thumb joint contracture Chronic loss of joint motion of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. This joint is also called Articulatio interphalangealis pollicis. This term applies if the proximal phalanx of the thumb is either small/hypoplastic or absent. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4024268 Absent/small innermost thumb bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost thumb bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of the thumb This term applies if the proximal phalanx of the thumb is either small/hypoplastic or absent. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Absent/small innermost thumb bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost thumb bone Hypoplastic (short) proximal phalanx of the thumb. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C1855091 Hypoplastic/small proximal phalanx of the thumb Short proximal phalanges of thumb Short proximal thumb bone Short proximal thumb phalanx Short proximal phalanx of thumb Hypoplastic (short) proximal phalanx of the thumb. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Short proximal thumb bone UMLS:C4024261 Absent/small outermost thumb bone Absent/underdeveloped outermost thumb bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of the thumb Absent/small outermost thumb bone Absent/underdeveloped outermost thumb bone Hypoplastic (short) distal phalanx of the thumb. UMLS:C1862313 Hypoplastic terminal thumb phalanx Hypoplastic/small distal phalanx of the thumb Short outermost bone of the thumb Short terminal thumb phalanx Short thumb terminal phalanx Small terminal thumb phalanx Short distal phalanx of the thumb Hypoplastic (short) distal phalanx of the thumb. Short outermost bone of the thumb UMLS:C4024256 Absent/small thumb bones Absent/underdeveloped thumb bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the thumb Absent/small thumb bones Absent/underdeveloped thumb bones Hypoplastic (short) thumb phalanx. UMLS:C4021411 Hypoplastic thumb phalanges Hypoplastic/small phalanges of the thumb Short thumb bone Short thumb phalanges Short phalanx of the thumb Hypoplastic (short) thumb phalanx. Short thumb bone Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the thumb. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. UMLS:C4021410 Abnormality of terminal thumb epiphysis Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the thumb Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the thumb Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the thumb. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx. Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the thumb This term applies if the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, which is located at the proximal end of the phalanx, does not appear in concordance with gender and age dependant norms as seen on x-rays. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4024254 Abnormality of end part of thumb innermost long bone Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb This term applies if the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, which is located at the proximal end of the phalanx, does not appear in concordance with gender and age dependant norms as seen on x-rays. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Abnormality of end part of thumb innermost long bone Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4024253 Absent end part of thumb innermost long bone Absent epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Absent end part of thumb innermost long bone Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4024250 Enlarged end part of thumb innermost long bone Enlarged epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Enlarged end part of thumb innermost long bone A pseudoepiphysis (which is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis) of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. UMLS:C4024246 Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb A pseudoepiphysis (which is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis) of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024245 Small end part of thumb innermost long bone Small epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of thumb innermost long bone Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the thumb. UMLS:C4024242 Absent end part of thumb outermost long bone Absent epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the thumb Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Absent end part of thumb outermost long bone Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4021408 Enlarged end part of thumb outermost long bone Large terminal thumb phalanx epiphysis Enlarged epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the thumb Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of thumb outermost long bone A pseudoepiphysis (which is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis) of the distal phalanx of the thumb. UMLS:C4024237 Pseudoepiphysis of the outermost bone of the thumb Pseudoepiphysis of the distal phalanx of the thumb A pseudoepiphysis (which is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis) of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Pseudoepiphysis of the outermost bone of the thumb Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024236 Small end part of thumb outermost bone Small epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the thumb Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of thumb outermost bone Absence of one or more epiphyses of the thumb. UMLS:C4024233 Absent epiphyses of the thumb Absence of one or more epiphyses of the thumb. Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4021406 Enlarged end part of thumb long bone Enlarged epiphyses of the thumb Enlarged thumb epiphysis Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of thumb long bone A pseudoepiphysis (which is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis) of one or more phalanges of the thumb. UMLS:C3552484 Pseudoepiphyses of the thumb Pseudoepiphysis of the thumb A pseudoepiphysis (which is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis) of one or more phalanges of the thumb. Abnormally small size of one or more of the epiphyses of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4021402 Small end part of thumb long bone Small epiphyses of the thumb Small thumb epiphysis Abnormally small size of one or more of the epiphyses of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of thumb long bone Chronic loss of joint motion in one or more distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. UMLS:C4024230 Contracture of the distal interphalangeal joint of the fingers Chronic loss of joint motion in one or more distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. An abnormality of the epididymis. UMLS:C4024222 Abnormality of the epididymis The epididymis is the structure that connects efferent ductules to vas deferens. Abnormal epididymis morphology An abnormality of the epididymis. An abnormality of the spinal dura mater, which is the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the spinal cord. UMLS:C4024214 Abnormality of the spinal dura mater Abnormal spinal dura mater morphology An abnormality of the spinal dura mater, which is the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the spinal cord. A bony defect in the skull base. UMLS:C1856027 Cleft in cranial base Cleft in skull base Cleft in skull base A bony defect in the skull base. Cleft in cranial base Cleft in skull base Small or missing phalangeal bones of the fingers of the hand. UMLS:C1848670 Aplastic/hypoplastic phalanges Aplastic/hypoplastic phalanges of the hand Hypoplastic/absent phalanges Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the hand Small or missing phalangeal bones of the fingers of the hand. Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the thumb. MSH:C536903 SNOMEDCT_US:253936008 UMLS:C0431890 Hypoplastic thumb Hypoplastic thumbs Hypoplastic/small thumb Short thumb Short thumbs Small thumbs Thumb brachydactyly Thumb hypoplasia Short thumb Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the thumb. Short thumb Short thumbs Small thumbs Absence or underdevelopment involving the musculature of the thigh. UMLS:C4024207 Absent/small thigh muscles Absent/underdeveloped thigh muscles Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the musculature of the thigh Absence or underdevelopment involving the musculature of the thigh. Absent/small thigh muscles Absent/underdeveloped thigh muscles Presence of a bifid sacral bone. UMLS:C4024204 Bifid sacrum Presence of a bifid sacral bone. The presence of two or more accessory spleens. SNOMEDCT_US:10362008 UMLS:C0266631 Extra spleen Supernumerary spleens The presence of two or more accessory spleens. Extra spleen Short (hypoplastic) phalanx of finger, affecting one or more phalanges. UMLS:C0877165 Hypoplastic phalanges Hypoplastic phalanges of hands Hypoplastic/small phalanges of the hand Phalangeal hypoplasia Rudimentary phalanges Short finger bones Short phalanges Shortened phalanges Short phalanx of finger Short (hypoplastic) phalanx of finger, affecting one or more phalanges. Short finger bones The absence of one or more teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop UMLS:C4024202 UMLS:C4083050 Decreased tooth count Dental agenesis Failure of development of some teeth Reduced number of teeth Teeth, agenesis Decreased number of teeth Fewer teeth than normal Missing some teeth Teeth agenesis needs to be confirmed by X-rays. Teeth agenesis encompasses hypodontia, oligodontia, and anodontia. The total number and the type of teeth missing should be added to the description. The clinical absence of a tooth due to a disturbed eruption should not be termed teeth agenesis but a missing tooth. Tooth agenesis The absence of one or more teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop PMID:31468724 Decreased tooth count Failure of development of some teeth Reduced number of teeth Teeth, agenesis Decreased number of teeth Fewer teeth than normal Missing some teeth A structural abnormality of a diaphysis of the arm. UMLS:C4021389 Abnormality involving the diaphyses of the upper limbs Abnormality of shaft of long bone of the upper limbs Diaphyseal abnormality of the upper limbs Anomaly of the upper limb diaphyses A structural abnormality of a diaphysis of the arm. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang Abnormality of shaft of long bone of the upper limbs An anomaly of one or more metaphyses of the arms. UMLS:C4021388 Abnormality of the wide portion of upper limb bone Abnormality of upper limb metaphysis Metaphyseal abnormality of the upper limbs Abnormal upper limb metaphysis morphology An anomaly of one or more metaphyses of the arms. Abnormality of the wide portion of upper limb bone UMLS:C4021387 Abnormality of the joints of the upper limbs Abnormality of upper limb joint Abnormality of upper limb joint Abnormality of the joints of the upper limbs Abnormality of upper limb joint An anomaly of the joint that connects the upper and the lower arm. UMLS:C4021386 Abnormality of the elbow Abnormality of the elbows Abnormality of the elbow An anomaly of the joint that connects the upper and the lower arm. Abnormality of the elbow Abnormality of the elbows Peromelia affecting only the upper limbs. That is, the distal parts of the arm are missing leading to stump formation. UMLS:C4024199 Upper limb peromelia Peromelia affecting only the upper limbs. That is, the distal parts of the arm are missing leading to stump formation. Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the extremities. UMLS:C0239399 Absent/small extremities Absent/underdeveloped extremities Short or absent limbs Shortened limbs Aplasia/hypoplasia of the extremities Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of the extremities. Absent/small extremities Absent/underdeveloped extremities Leg shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the lower extremity. SNOMEDCT_US:253959002 UMLS:C0345371 Hypoplasia involving bones of the lower limbs Hypoplasia of the lower limbs Lower limb undergrowth Underdeveloped lower limb bones Lower limb undergrowth Leg shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the lower extremity. Lower limb undergrowth Underdeveloped lower limb bones Peromelia affecting only the lower limbs. That is, the distal parts of the leg are missing leading to stump formation. UMLS:C4024196 Lower limb peromelia Peromelia affecting only the lower limbs. That is, the distal parts of the leg are missing leading to stump formation. Forearm shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the forearm. UMLS:C1855299 Forearm undergrowth Hypoplasia involving forearm bones Short forearm bones Short forearms Shortened forearm Forearm undergrowth Forearm shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the forearm. Forearm undergrowth Short forearm bones Short forearms Shortened forearm Arm shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the upper extremity. UMLS:C1837406 Hypoplasia involving bones of the upper limbs Short arms Shortening of the arms Upper limb undergrowth Upper limb undergrowth Arm shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the upper extremity. Short arms Shortening of the arms Upper limb undergrowth Limb shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the extremities. UMLS:C0239399 Hypoplasia involving bones of the extremities Limb undergrowth Short limb Short limbs limb shortening Limb undergrowth Limb shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the extremities. Limb undergrowth Short limb Short limbs limb shortening The distal parts of the limbs are missing leading to a stump formation. UMLS:C4024192 Peromelia The distal parts of the limbs are missing leading to a stump formation. Any anomaly of distal phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4021385 Abnormal terminal phalanges of the hand Abnormality of the distal phalanges of the hand Abnormality of the distal phalanx of finger Abnormality of the outermost finger bone Abnormal distal phalanx morphology of finger Any anomaly of distal phalanx of finger. Abnormality of the outermost finger bone An anomaly of middle phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4024191 Abnormality of the middle finger bones of the hand Abnormality of the middle phalanges of the hand Abnormal middle phalanx morphology of the hand An anomaly of middle phalanx of finger. Abnormality of the middle finger bones of the hand UMLS:C4024190 Abnormality of the innermost finger bones of the hand Abnormality of the proximal phalanges of the hand Abnormal proximal phalanx morphology of the hand Abnormality of the innermost finger bones of the hand Absence or underdevelopment of the distal phalanges. UMLS:C1861336 Absent/hypoplastic distal phalanges Absent/small outermost finger bone of the hand Absent/underdeveloped outermost finger bone of the hand Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges Aplastic/hypoplastic distal phalanges Hypoplastic to absent terminal phalanges Hypoplastic/aplastic distal phalanges Hypoplastic/aplastic distal phalanx Small or absent distal phalanges Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the hand Absence or underdevelopment of the distal phalanges. Absent/small outermost finger bone of the hand Absent/underdeveloped outermost finger bone of the hand Small or absent distal phalanges UMLS:C1862152 Absent/hypoplastic middle phalanges Absent/small middle finger bone of the hand Absent/underdeveloped middle finger bone of the hand Aplasia/hypoplasia of middle phalanges Aplastic/hypoplastic middle phalanges Hypoplastic/aplastic middle phalanx Short to absent middle phalanges Short/absent middle phalanges Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of the hand Absent/small middle finger bone of the hand Absent/underdeveloped middle finger bone of the hand UMLS:C4024182 Absent/small innermost finger bones of the hand Absent/underdeveloped innermost finger bones of the hand Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the proximal phalanges of the hand Absent/small innermost finger bones of the hand Absent/underdeveloped innermost finger bones of the hand Short distance from the end of the finger to the most distal interphalangeal crease or the distal interphalangeal joint flexion point. That is, hypoplasia of one or more of the distal phalanx of finger. UMLS:C1839829 Brachytelophalangy Distal phalangeal hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the hand Hypoplasic terminal phalanges Hypoplastic distal phalanges Hypoplastic terminal phalanges Short distal phalanges Short outermost finger bone Terminal phalangeal hypoplasia of hand This term differs from Partial absence of the finger because in that term, the phalanx must be missing, whereas in this term it may be small, but present. Distal phalangeal lengths can be assessed subjectively by comparing that digit segment to the rest of the digit, to other normal digits in that patient, or to typical patients of that age or build. Regarding the subjective definition, for individuals who do not have flexion creases, one may determine this by flexing the DIP joint and estimating the length of the terminal segment of the digit. Alternatively, one may be able to palpate the joint. Short distal phalanx of finger Short distance from the end of the finger to the most distal interphalangeal crease or the distal interphalangeal joint flexion point. That is, hypoplasia of one or more of the distal phalanx of finger. PMID:19125433 Short outermost finger bone This term applies if one or more of the distal phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. UMLS:C1849343 Bifid terminal phalanges Duplication of the outermost bone of hand Notched outermost bone of hand Partial/complete duplication of the distal phalanges of the hand Duplication of the distal phalanx of hand This term applies if one or more of the distal phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. Duplication of the outermost bone of hand Notched outermost bone of hand Abnormality of the growth of secondary sexual hair, which normally ensues during puberty. In males, secondary sexual hair usually comprises body hair, including underarm, abdominal, chest, and pubic hair. In females, secondary sexual hair usually comprises a lesser degree of body hair, most prominently underarm and pubic hair. UMLS:C4024171 Abnormality of secondary sexual hair Abnormality of secondary sexual hair Abnormality of the growth of secondary sexual hair, which normally ensues during puberty. In males, secondary sexual hair usually comprises body hair, including underarm, abdominal, chest, and pubic hair. In females, secondary sexual hair usually comprises a lesser degree of body hair, most prominently underarm and pubic hair. Abnormality of secondary sexual hair Abnormally increased hair growth with a localized distribution. UMLS:C4024170 Localised abnormal hair growth Localised hirsutism Localized abnormal hair growth Localized hirsutism Abnormally increased hair growth with a localized distribution. Localised abnormal hair growth Localised hirsutism Localized abnormal hair growth Complete absence of any auricular structures. MSH:D065817 SNOMEDCT_US:57436000 UMLS:C0702139 UMLS:C1408788 Absent ear Absent ears Congenital absence of external ear Complete absence of the auricle (external ear). The skin of the cheek passes smoothly over the aural area without definite elevation or depression. Anotia Complete absence of any auricular structures. PMID:19125421 Absent ear Absent ears Congenital absence of external ear Abnormality of the temporal bone of the skull, which is situated at the sides and base of the skull roughly underlying the region of the face known as the temple. UMLS:C4024163 Abnormality of the temporal bone Abnormal temporal bone morphology Abnormality of the temporal bone of the skull, which is situated at the sides and base of the skull roughly underlying the region of the face known as the temple. Underdevelopment or absence of the nose or parts thereof. SNOMEDCT_US:204519007 SNOMEDCT_US:93278002 UMLS:C0685684 UMLS:C4024159 UMLS:C4280392 Decreased nasal size Decreased size of nose Hypoplasia of the nose Hypotrophic nose Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the nose Underdevelopment or absence of the nose or parts thereof. Decreased nasal size Decreased size of nose Hypoplasia of the nose Hypotrophic nose The presence of only a single nostril. SNOMEDCT_US:95266003 UMLS:C0685682 Mono nostril One nostril Single nare Single nostril The single opening may occur in the midline or it can occur on one side, that is, it can be symmetric or asymmetric. Although the columella is invariably absent, this is implicit and does not need to be separately specified. Single naris The presence of only a single nostril. PMID:19152422 Mono nostril One nostril Single nare Single nostril The presence of more than two nostrils. UMLS:C4021372 Accessory nares Accessory nostril Extra nostril Supernumerary nares Supernumerary nostrils Supernumerary naris The presence of more than two nostrils. PMID:19152422 Accessory nares Accessory nostril Extra nostril Supernumerary nares Absence or underdevelopment of the nasal septum. UMLS:C4024156 Ageneis of nasal septum Underdevelopment of nasal septum Failure of development of nasal septum Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the nasal septum Absence or underdevelopment of the nasal septum. Ageneis of nasal septum Underdevelopment of nasal septum Failure of development of nasal septum Excess facial hair. Excessive face hair UMLS:C1850041 UMLS:C2128203 Facial hirsutism Excess facial hair. Excessive face hair Lack or loss of the soft tissues between the zygomata and mandible. UMLS:C4024154 Depressed cheeks Hollow cheeks Sunken cheeks Sunken cheeks Lack or loss of the soft tissues between the zygomata and mandible. PMID:19125436 Depressed cheeks Hollow cheeks Sunken cheeks Complete or partial duplication of the phalanges of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx), a partially fused appearance of the two bones (bifid), two separate bones appearing side to side, or completely duplicated phalanges (proximal and distal phalanx of the thumb and/or 1st metacarpal). In contrast to the phalanges of the digits 2-5 (proximal, middle and distal), the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. UMLS:C4021370 Complete/partial duplication of phalanges of the thumb Duplicated thumbs Duplication of phalanx of thumb Duplicated thumb Duplication of thumb phalanx Complete or partial duplication of the phalanges of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx), a partially fused appearance of the two bones (bifid), two separate bones appearing side to side, or completely duplicated phalanges (proximal and distal phalanx of the thumb and/or 1st metacarpal). In contrast to the phalanges of the digits 2-5 (proximal, middle and distal), the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Duplicated thumbs A complete duplication affecting one or more of the phalanges of the thumb. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. UMLS:C3554724 Complete duplication of the phalanges of the thumb Complete duplication of thumb bones Digitalization of thumb Digitalization of thumbs Complete duplication of thumb phalanx A complete duplication affecting one or more of the phalanges of the thumb. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. Complete duplication of thumb bones A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the thumb. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. UMLS:C4082168 Bifid thumb Notching of thumb phalanges Partial duplication of the phalanges of the thumb Partial duplication of the thumb bones Partial duplication of thumb phalanx A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the thumb. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. Partial duplication of the thumb bones This term applies if one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. UMLS:C4021354 Partial/complete duplication of little finger bone Partial/complete duplication of phalanges of the 5th finger Partial/complete duplication of pinkie finger bone Partial/complete duplication of pinky finger bone Duplication of phalanx of 5th finger This term applies if one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. Partial/complete duplication of little finger bone Partial/complete duplication of pinkie finger bone Partial/complete duplication of pinky finger bone A complete duplication affecting one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. UMLS:C4024128 Complete duplication of the little finger bone Complete duplication of the pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the pinky finger bone Complete duplication of the phalanges of the 5th finger A complete duplication affecting one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. Complete duplication of the little finger bone Complete duplication of the pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the pinky finger bone A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. UMLS:C4024127 Partial duplication of the little finger bone Partial duplication of the pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of the pinky finger bone Partial duplication of the phalanges of the 5th finger A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. Partial duplication of the little finger bone Partial duplication of the pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of the pinky finger bone Partial or complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little finger. UMLS:C4021353 Duplication of the outermost little finger bone Duplication of the outermost pinkie finger bone Duplication of the outermost pinky finger bone Partial/complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Duplication of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Partial or complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little finger. Duplication of the outermost little finger bone Duplication of the outermost pinkie finger bone Duplication of the outermost pinky finger bone Partial or complete duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand. UMLS:C4021352 Duplication of the middle little finger bone Duplication of the middle pinkie finger bone Duplication of the middle pinky finger bone Partial/complete duplication of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Duplication of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Partial or complete duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand. Duplication of the middle little finger bone Duplication of the middle pinkie finger bone Duplication of the middle pinky finger bone Partial or complete duplication of the fifth proximal phalanx of hand. UMLS:C4021351 Duplication of the innermost little finger bone Duplication of the innermost pinkie finger bone Duplication of the innermost pinky finger bone Partial/complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Partial or complete duplication of the fifth proximal phalanx of hand. Duplication of the innermost little finger bone Duplication of the innermost pinkie finger bone Duplication of the innermost pinky finger bone Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little finger. UMLS:C4024126 Complete duplication of the outermost little finger bone Complete duplication of the outermost pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the outermost pinky finger bone Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little finger. Complete duplication of the outermost little finger bone Complete duplication of the outermost pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the outermost pinky finger bone Complete duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand. UMLS:C4024125 Complete duplication of the middle little finger bone Complete duplication of the middle pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the middle pinky finger bone Complete duplication of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Complete duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand. Complete duplication of the middle little finger bone Complete duplication of the middle pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the middle pinky finger bone Complete duplication of the fifth proximal phalanx of hand. UMLS:C4024124 Complete duplication of the innermost little finger bone Complete duplication of the innermost pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the innermost pinky finger bone Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Complete duplication of the fifth proximal phalanx of hand. Complete duplication of the innermost little finger bone Complete duplication of the innermost pinkie finger bone Complete duplication of the innermost pinky finger bone Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of little finger, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx. UMLS:C4021350 Bifid terminal phalanx of the 5th finger Notched outermost pinky finger bone Partial duplication of outermost little finger bone Partial duplication of outermost pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of outermost pinky finger bone Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of little finger, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx. Notched outermost pinky finger bone Partial duplication of outermost little finger bone Partial duplication of outermost pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of outermost pinky finger bone Partial duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx. UMLS:C4024123 Partial duplication of the middle little finger bone Partial duplication of the middle pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of the middle pinky finger bone Partial duplication of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger Partial duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx. Partial duplication of the middle little finger bone Partial duplication of the middle pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of the middle pinky finger bone Partial or complete duplication of the fifth proximal phalanx of hand, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx. UMLS:C4024122 Partial duplication of the innermost little finger bone Partial duplication of the innermost pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of the innermost pinky finger bone Partial duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger Partial or complete duplication of the fifth proximal phalanx of hand, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx. Partial duplication of the innermost little finger bone Partial duplication of the innermost pinkie finger bone Partial duplication of the innermost pinky finger bone This term applies if one or more of the phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. UMLS:C4021349 Duplication of finger bones Duplication of phalanx of hand This term applies if one or more of the phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. Duplication of finger bones A complete duplication affecting one or more of the phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, is a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. UMLS:C4024121 Complete duplication of hand bones Complete duplication of phalanx of hand A complete duplication affecting one or more of the phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, is a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. Complete duplication of hand bones A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. UMLS:C4024120 Partial duplication of hand bones Partial duplication of the phalanx of hand A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. Partial duplication of hand bones A complete duplication affecting one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. UMLS:C4024119 Complete duplication of the innermost bones of the hand Complete duplication of the proximal phalanges of the hand A complete duplication affecting one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accesory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. Complete duplication of the innermost bones of the hand A complete duplication affecting one or more of the distal phalanges of the hand. UMLS:C4024118 Complete duplication of the outermost bones of the hand As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accessory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, is actually a different entity called a pseudoepiphysis (see corresponding terms), sometimes also referred to as hyperphalangism. Complete duplication of the distal phalanges of the hand A complete duplication affecting one or more of the distal phalanges of the hand. Complete duplication of the outermost bones of the hand A complete duplication affecting one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accessory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a pseudoepiphysis (see corresponding terms) sometimes also referred to as hyperphalangism. UMLS:C4024117 Complete duplication of the middle bones of the hand Complete duplication of the middle phalanges of the hand A complete duplication affecting one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accessory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a pseudoepiphysis (see corresponding terms) sometimes also referred to as hyperphalangism. Complete duplication of the middle bones of the hand A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. UMLS:C4024116 Partial duplication of the innermost bones of the hand Partial duplication of the proximal phalanges of the hand A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. Partial duplication of the innermost bones of the hand A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the distal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. UMLS:C4021348 Bifid terminal phalanges of the hand Partial duplication of the outermost bone of the hand Partial duplication of the distal phalanges of the hand A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the distal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. Partial duplication of the outermost bone of the hand A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. UMLS:C4024115 Partial duplication of the middle bones of hand Partial duplication of the middle phalanges of the hand A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. Partial duplication of the middle bones of hand This term applies if one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. UMLS:C4021347 Duplication of the innermost bones of hand Partial/complete duplication of the proximal phalanges of the hand Duplication of the proximal phalanx of hand This term applies if one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. Duplication of the innermost bones of hand This term applies if one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. UMLS:C4021346 Duplication of the middle bones of hand Partial/complete duplication of the middle phalanges of the hand Duplication of the middle phalanx of hand This term applies if one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. Duplication of the middle bones of hand A structural anomaly of the first metacarpal. UMLS:C4024114 Abnormality of the 1st long bone of hand Abnormality of the 1st metacarpal In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits. Abnormal 1st metacarpal morphology A structural anomaly of the first metacarpal. Abnormality of the 1st long bone of hand Any abnormality of the fifth metacarpal bone. UMLS:C4024110 Abnormality of the 5th long bone of hand Abnormality of the 5th metacarpal Abnormal 5th metacarpal morphology Any abnormality of the fifth metacarpal bone. Abnormality of the 5th long bone of hand In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5 (whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits). The epiphysis of the first metacarpal is localized at the proximal end (as seen in the proximal phalanges of the other digits), whereas the epiphyses of the other metacarpal bones are located at the distal end. This term applies if the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal is in any way abnormal, referring to age and gender depending norms, as seen on x-rays. UMLS:C4024109 Abnormality of the end part of the 1st long bone of hand Abnormality of the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5 (whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits). The epiphysis of the first metacarpal is localized at the proximal end (as seen in the proximal phalanges of the other digits), whereas the epiphyses of the other metacarpal bones are located at the distal end. This term applies if the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal is in any way abnormal, referring to age and gender depending norms, as seen on x-rays. Abnormality of the end part of the 1st long bone of hand UMLS:C4024108 Absent end part of the 1st long bone of hand Absent epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal Absent end part of the 1st long bone of hand Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the 1st metacarpal with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024105 Enlarged end part of the 1st long bone of hand Enlarged epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the 1st metacarpal with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of the 1st long bone of hand The epiphysis of the first metacarpal is localized at the proximal end of the metacarpal bone although an accessory epiphysis may be located at the distal end of the metacarpal. UMLS:C4024101 This feature can be seen for example in Holt-Oram Syndrome. Pseudoepiphysis of the 1st metacarpal The epiphysis of the first metacarpal is localized at the proximal end of the metacarpal bone although an accessory epiphysis may be located at the distal end of the metacarpal. Abnormally small size of the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4024100 Small end part of the 1st long bone of hand Small epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal Abnormally small size of the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of the 1st long bone of hand Aplasia or Hypoplasia affecting the 1st metacarpal. In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5 (whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits). UMLS:C4024098 Absent/small 1st long bone of hand Absent/underdeveloped 1st long bone of hand Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 1st metacarpal Aplasia or Hypoplasia affecting the 1st metacarpal. In contrast to the metacarpals 2-5, the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5 (whereas the proximal phalanx of the thumb is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits). Absent/small 1st long bone of hand Absent/underdeveloped 1st long bone of hand A developmental defect characterized by reduced length of the first metacarpal (long bone) of the hand. UMLS:C1849311 First metacarpal hypoplasia First metacarpals hypoplastic Hypoplastic 1st metacarpal Short first metacarpal Short first metacarpals Shortened 1st long bone of hand In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Short 1st metacarpal A developmental defect characterized by reduced length of the first metacarpal (long bone) of the hand. Shortened 1st long bone of hand In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Aplasia or Hypoplasia affecting the 5th metacarpal. UMLS:C4024085 Absent/small 5th long bone of hand Absent/underdeveloped 5th long bone of hand Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 5th metacarpal Aplasia or Hypoplasia affecting the 5th metacarpal. Absent/small 5th long bone of hand Absent/underdeveloped 5th long bone of hand Short fifth metacarpal bone. UMLS:C1861388 Fifth metacarpal hypoplasia Hypoplastic 5th metacarpal Short fifth metacarpal Short fifth metacarpals Shortened 5th long bone of hand Short 5th metacarpal Short fifth metacarpal bone. Shortened 5th long bone of hand Developmental defect associated with absence of one or more metacarpal bones. UMLS:C1846473 Absent long bone of hand Absent metacarpal Absent metacarpals Aplasia of metacarpal bones Developmental defect associated with absence of one or more metacarpal bones. Absent long bone of hand Diminished length of one or more metacarpal bones in relation to the others of the same hand or to the contralateral metacarpal. UMLS:C1837084 Brachymetacarpalia Hypoplastic metacarpal Metacarpal hypoplasia Short metacarpals Shortened long bone of hand Shortened long bones of hand Shortened metacarpals Shortening of metacarpals Short metacarpal bones Short metacarpals can involve any of the metacarpal bones, and the affected ray should be specified. The assessment of isolated short metacarpal can be made by viewing the dorsum of the hand when clenched. Note that if metacarpals F2-5 are affected, the correct term is Short palm. Short metacarpal Diminished length of one or more metacarpal bones in relation to the others of the same hand or to the contralateral metacarpal. PMID:19125433 Shortened long bone of hand Short metacarpal bones Displacement of the big toe from its normal position. UMLS:C4021344 Displacement of big toe Displacement of the hallux Deviation of the hallux Displacement of the big toe from its normal position. Displacement of big toe An abnormal shape or form of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. UMLS:C4024084 Abnormal innermost big toe bone Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the hallux In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the big toe is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metatarsal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. Abnormal morphology of the proximal phalanx of the hallux An abnormal shape or form of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Abnormal innermost big toe bone UMLS:C4024083 Abnormality of the outermost bone of the big toe Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the hallux Abnormality of the outermost bone of the big toe An anomaly of the first metatarsal bone. UMLS:C4024082 Abnormality of the 1st long bone of foot In contrast to the metatarsals 2-5, the first metatarsal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, whereas the proximal phalanx of the big toe is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits. This term applies to abnormalities of the first metatarsal. Abnormality of the first metatarsal bone An anomaly of the first metatarsal bone. Abnormality of the 1st long bone of foot UMLS:C4024081 Abnormality of the end part of the big toe bone Abnormality of the epiphyses of the hallux Abnormality of the end part of the big toe bone UMLS:C4024080 Abnormal big toe bones Abnormality of the phalanges of the hallux Abnormal hallux phalanx morphology Abnormal big toe bones UMLS:C4024079 Absent/small big toe bone Absent/underdeveloped big toe bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the hallux Absent/small big toe bone Absent/underdeveloped big toe bone Partial or complete duplication of one or more phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C1860164 UMLS:C4020691 Duplicated hallux Duplication of big toe bone Duplication of great toes Duplication of phalanx of big toe Hallucal duplication Partial/complete duplication of the phalanges of the hallux Duplication of phalanx of hallux Partial or complete duplication of one or more phalanx of big toe. Duplication of big toe bone Duplication of great toes Absence or underdevelopment of the first metatarsal bone. UMLS:C4024076 Absent/small 1st long bone of foot Absent/underdeveloped 1st long bone of foot Aplasia/hypoplasia of the 1st metatarsal Absence or underdevelopment of the first metatarsal bone. Absent/small 1st long bone of foot Absent/underdeveloped 1st long bone of foot A developmental defect consisting in the duplication of the first metatarsal bone. UMLS:C1851855 Duplicated 1st long bone of foot Duplicated first metatarsals Duplication of the 1st metatarsal A developmental defect consisting in the duplication of the first metatarsal bone. Duplicated 1st long bone of foot UMLS:C4024069 Absent/small outermost big toe bone Absent/underdeveloped outermost big toe bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of the hallux Absent/small outermost big toe bone Absent/underdeveloped outermost big toe bone UMLS:C4021339 Duplication of the outermost bone of big toe Partial/complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the hallux Duplication of the distal phalanx of the hallux Duplication of the outermost bone of big toe UMLS:C4024061 Absent/small innermost big toe bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost big toe bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of the hallux Absent/small innermost big toe bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost big toe bone Partial or complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C4024054 Duplication of the innermost bone of big toe Duplication of the proximal phalanx of the hallux Partial or complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of big toe. Duplication of the innermost bone of big toe Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C4024053 Complete duplication of the innermost bone of big toe Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the hallux Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of big toe. Complete duplication of the innermost bone of big toe Partial duplication of the proximal phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C4024052 Partial duplication of the innermost bone of big toe Partial duplication of the proximal phalanx of the hallux Partial duplication of the proximal phalanx of big toe. Partial duplication of the innermost bone of big toe UMLS:C4024051 Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the big toe Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the hallux Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the big toe UMLS:C4021337 Bifid distal phalanx of hallux Notched outermost bone of big toe Partial duplication of the outermost bone of big toe Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the hallux Notched outermost bone of big toe Partial duplication of the outermost bone of big toe A developmental defect consisting in the complete duplication of the first metatarsal bone. UMLS:C4024050 Complete duplication of the 1st long bone of foot Complete duplication of the 1st metatarsal A developmental defect consisting in the complete duplication of the first metatarsal bone. Complete duplication of the 1st long bone of foot A developmental defect consisting in the duplication of part of the first metatarsal bone. UMLS:C4024049 Partial duplication of the 1st long bone of foot Partial duplication of the 1st metatarsal A developmental defect consisting in the duplication of part of the first metatarsal bone. Partial duplication of the 1st long bone of foot Complete duplication of one or more phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C4021336 Complete duplication of big toe bones Complete duplication of the phalanges of the hallux Complete duplication of hallux phalanx Complete duplication of one or more phalanx of big toe. Complete duplication of big toe bones UMLS:C1855005 Partial duplication of big toe partial duplication of hallux Partial duplication of the phalanges of the hallux Partial duplication of big toe Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the distal phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C4021335 Hypoplastic/small distal phalanx of the hallux Small distal phalanx of big toe Small distal phalanx of hallux Small outermost bone of big toe Short distal phalanx of hallux Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the distal phalanx of big toe. Small outermost bone of big toe Short first metatarsal bone. UMLS:C1841688 First metatarsal hypoplasia First metatarsals hypoplastic Short 1st long bone of foot Short first metatarsal Short first metatarsal bone. Short 1st long bone of foot Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the proximal phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C1862159 Hypoplastic proximal phalanx of the hallux Short innermost big toe bone Short proximal phalanges of halluces Short proximal phalanx of halluces Small proximal phalanx of big toe Small proximal phalanx of hallux Short proximal phalanx of hallux Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the proximal phalanx of big toe. Short innermost big toe bone Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the big toe. UMLS:C1865992 Hypoplastic big toes Hypoplastic hallux Short big toe Short halluces Small hallux Short hallux Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the big toe. Short big toe Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of a phalanx of big toe. UMLS:C4021334 Hypoplastic phalanges of the hallux Short bone of big toe Short phalanx of hallux Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of a phalanx of big toe. Hypoplastic phalanges of the hallux Short bone of big toe Failure to form (agenesis) of one or more epiphyses of the big toe. UMLS:C4020906 Absent end part of big toe bone Absent epiphyses of the hallux Absent hallux epiphysis Failure to form (agenesis) of one or more epiphyses of the big toe. Absent end part of big toe bone UMLS:C4024043 Enlarged end part of the big toe bone Enlarged epiphyses of the hallux Enlarged end part of the big toe bone UMLS:C4024039 Pseudoepiphyses of the hallux UMLS:C4024038 Small end part of the big toe bone Small epiphyses of the hallux Small end part of the big toe bone UMLS:C4024035 Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the big toe bone Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the big toe bone In contrast to the metatarsals 2-5, the first metatarsal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, whereas the proximal phalanx of the big toe is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits. This term applies to abnormalities of the epiphysis of the first metatarsal bone. UMLS:C4024034 Abnormality of the end part of the 1st long bone of foot Abnormality of the epiphysis of the 1st metatarsal In contrast to the metatarsals 2-5, the first metatarsal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, whereas the proximal phalanx of the big toe is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits. This term applies to abnormalities of the epiphysis of the first metatarsal bone. Abnormality of the end part of the 1st long bone of foot In contrast to the metatarsals 2-5, the first metatarsal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, whereas the proximal phalanx of the big toe is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits. This term applies to abnormalities affecting the proximal phalanx of the hallux. UMLS:C4024033 Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the big toe Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux In contrast to the metatarsals 2-5, the first metatarsal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, whereas the proximal phalanx of the big toe is equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits. This term applies to abnormalities affecting the proximal phalanx of the hallux. Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the big toe Failure to form (agenesis) of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux. UMLS:C4024032 Absent end part of the innermost bone of the big toe Absent epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux Failure to form (agenesis) of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux. Absent end part of the innermost bone of the big toe UMLS:C4024029 Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the big toe Enlarged epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the big toe A pseudoepiphysis (an accessory epiphysis that does not significantly contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone) located in the proximal phalanx of the big toe. UMLS:C4024025 Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux UMLS:C4024024 Small end part of the innermost bone of the big toe Small epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux Small end part of the innermost bone of the big toe Failure to form (agenesis) of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux. UMLS:C4024021 Absent end part of the outermost bone of the big toe Absent epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux Failure to form (agenesis) of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux. Absent end part of the outermost bone of the big toe UMLS:C4024018 Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the big toe Enlarged epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the big toe UMLS:C4024014 Pseudoepiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux UMLS:C4024013 Small end part of the outermost bone of the big toe Small epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux Small end part of the outermost bone of the big toe Failure to form (agenesis) of the epiphysis of the 1st metatarsal. UMLS:C4024010 Absent end part of the 1st long bone of foot Absent epiphysis of the 1st metatarsal Failure to form (agenesis) of the epiphysis of the 1st metatarsal. Absent end part of the 1st long bone of foot UMLS:C4024007 Enlarged end part of the 1st long bone of foot Enlarged epiphysis of the 1st metatarsal Enlarged end part of the 1st long bone of foot UMLS:C4024003 Pseudoepiphysis of the 1st metatarsal UMLS:C4024002 Small end part of the 1st long bone of foot Small epiphysis of the 1st metatarsal Small end part of the 1st long bone of foot UMLS:C4023999 Abnormality of the end part of the toe bones Abnormality of the epiphyses of the toes Abnormal toe epiphysis morphology Abnormality of the end part of the toe bones UMLS:C4023998 Abnormality of the long bones of the toes Abnormality of the phalanges of the toes Abnormal toe phalanx morphology Abnormality of the long bones of the toes Absence of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the toes. UMLS:C4023997 Absent end part of the toe bones Absent epiphyses of the toes Absence of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the toes. Absent end part of the toe bones UMLS:C4023994 Enlarged end part of the toe bones Enlarged epiphyses of the toes Enlarged end part of the toe bones UMLS:C4023990 Pseudoepiphyses of the toes UMLS:C4023989 Small end part of the toe bones Small epiphyses of the toes Small end part of the toe bones UMLS:C4023987 Absent/small toe bones Absent/underdeveloped toe bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the toes Absent/small toe bones Absent/underdeveloped toe bones Partial/complete duplication of one or more phalanx of toe. UMLS:C4021328 Duplicated toe bone Partial/complete duplication of the phalanges of the toes Duplication of phalanx of toe Partial/complete duplication of one or more phalanx of toe. Duplicated toe bone UMLS:C4023982 Abnormality of the outermost bone of the toes Abnormality of the distal phalanges of the toes Abnormality of the outermost bone of the toes UMLS:C4023981 Abnormal middle bones of toe Abnormality of the middle phalanges of the toes Abnormal middle bones of toe A morphological anomaly of one or more proximal phalanges of one or more toes. UMLS:C4021327 Abnormal innermost toe bone Abnormality of the proximal phalanges of the toes Abnormality of toe proximal phalanx A morphological anomaly of one or more proximal phalanges of one or more toes. Abnormal innermost toe bone Absence or underdevelopment of the distal phalanges of the toes. UMLS:C4020773 UMLS:C4021326 Absent/hypoplastic terminal phalanges of toes Absent/small outermost bones of toe Absent/underdeveloped outermost bones of toe Hypoplasia/agenesis of distal phalanges of toes Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the toes Absence or underdevelopment of the distal phalanges of the toes. Absent/small outermost bones of toe Absent/underdeveloped outermost bones of toe A partial or complete duplication of one or more distal phalanx of toe. UMLS:C4021322 Duplication of outermost bone of toe Partial/complete duplication of the distal phalanges of the toes Duplication of distal phalanx of toe A partial or complete duplication of one or more distal phalanx of toe. Duplication of outermost bone of toe UMLS:C4023976 Absent/small middle bones of toe Absent/underdeveloped middle bones of toe Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of the toes Absent/small middle bones of toe Absent/underdeveloped middle bones of toe Partial or complete duplication of a middle phalanx of toe. UMLS:C4021318 Partial/complete duplication of the middle bones of the toes Partial/complete duplication of the middle phalanges of the toes Duplication of middle phalanx of toe Partial or complete duplication of a middle phalanx of toe. Partial/complete duplication of the middle bones of the toes Absence (agenesis) or underdevelopment of the proximal phalanx of the toe. UMLS:C4021317 Absent/small innermost toe bones Absent/underdeveloped innermost toe bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the proximal phalanges of the toes Aplasia/hypoplasia of proximal toe phalanx Absence (agenesis) or underdevelopment of the proximal phalanx of the toe. Absent/small innermost toe bones Absent/underdeveloped innermost toe bones Partial/complete duplication of a proximal phalanx of toe. UMLS:C4021312 Duplication of innermost toe bones Partial/complete duplication of the proximal phalanges of the toes Duplication of proximal phalanx of toe Partial/complete duplication of a proximal phalanx of toe. Duplication of innermost toe bones One or more bent (flexed) joints of the first (big) toe that cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C4021311 Joint contracture of the big toe Joint contracture of the hallux Flexion contracture of the hallux One or more bent (flexed) joints of the first (big) toe that cannot be straightened actively or passively. Joint contracture of the big toe Chronic loss of joint motion in the tarsometatarsal joint of the hallux due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. The tarsometatarsal joints of the feet are also called Lisfranc's joints. UMLS:C4023968 Contracture of the tarsometatarsal joint of the hallux Chronic loss of joint motion in the tarsometatarsal joint of the hallux due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. The tarsometatarsal joints of the feet are also called Lisfranc's joints. The interphalangeal joint of the big toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C4023967 Contracture of the interphalangeal joint of the hallux The interphalangeal joint of the big toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. The joint between the first metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the first (big) toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C4023966 Contractures of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux The joint between the first metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the first (big) toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. Any abnormality of the epiphysis of the fifth metacarpal bone. UMLS:C4023958 Abnormality of the end part of the long bone of little finger Abnormality of the end part of the long bone of pinkie finger Abnormality of the end part of the long bone of pinky finger Abnormality of the epiphysis of the 5th metacarpal Any abnormality of the epiphysis of the fifth metacarpal bone. Abnormality of the end part of the long bone of little finger Abnormality of the end part of the long bone of pinkie finger Abnormality of the end part of the long bone of pinky finger Absence of one or more epiphyses of the phalanges of the fingers. UMLS:C4021310 Absent end part of fingers Absent epiphyses of the fingers Absent epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand Absence of one or more epiphyses of the phalanges of the fingers. Absent end part of fingers Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the fingers with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C1865036 Enlarged end part of finger bones Enlarged epiphyses of the fingers Enlarged phalangeal epiphyses Enlarged epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the fingers with respect to age-dependent norms. Enlarged end part of finger bones A secondary ossification center in the phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4021306 Pseudoepiphysis of the fingers Pseudoepiphyses of the phalanges of the hand A secondary ossification center in the phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. Abnormally small size of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the fingers with respect to age-dependent norms. UMLS:C4021305 Small end part of finger bones Small epiphyses of the fingers Small epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand Abnormally small size of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the fingers with respect to age-dependent norms. Small end part of finger bones Congenital hypoplasia of one or more proximal phalanx of finger. UMLS:C1860606 Hypoplasia of the proximal phalanges of the hand Short innermost finger bones Short proximal phalanges Short proximal phalanx of finger Shortening in proximal phalanges Short proximal phalanx of finger Congenital hypoplasia of one or more proximal phalanx of finger. Short innermost finger bones Short proximal phalanx of finger Any anomaly of distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4023956 Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of finger Abnormality of the epiphyses of the distal phalanx of finger Any anomaly of distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger. Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of finger UMLS:C4023955 Abnormality of the end part of the middle hand bones Abnormality of the epiphyses of the middle phalanges of the hand Abnormality of the end part of the middle hand bones UMLS:C4023954 Abnormality of the end part of the innermost hand bones Abnormality of the epiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand Abnormality of the end part of the innermost hand bones UMLS:C4023953 Absent end part of the outermost hand bones Absent epiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand Absent end part of the outermost hand bones UMLS:C4023950 Enlarged end part of the outermost hand bones Enlarged epiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand Enlarged end part of the outermost hand bones A secondary ossification center in the distal phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4023947 Pseudoepiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand UMLS:C4023946 Small end part of the outermost hand bones Small epiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand Small end part of the outermost hand bones UMLS:C4023943 Absent end part of the middle hand bones Absent epiphyses of the middle phalanges of the hand Absent end part of the middle hand bones UMLS:C4023941 Enlarged end part of the middle hand bones Enlarged epiphyses of the middle phalanges of the hand Enlarged end part of the middle hand bones A secondary ossification center in the middle phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4023937 Pseudoepiphyses of the middle phalanges of the hand UMLS:C4023936 Small end part of the middle hand bones Small epiphyses of the middle phalanges of the hand Small end part of the middle hand bones UMLS:C4023933 Absent end part of the innermost hand bones Absent epiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand Absent end part of the innermost hand bones UMLS:C4023930 Enlarged end part of the innermost hand bones Enlarged epiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand Enlarged end part of the innermost hand bones A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4023926 Pseudoepiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. UMLS:C4023925 Small end part of the innermost hand bones Small epiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand Small end part of the innermost hand bones Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of any of the structures in the mouth. MSH:D013280 SNOMEDCT_US:20607006 SNOMEDCT_US:61170000 UMLS:C0038362 UMLS:C0149704 Inflammation of the mouth Gingivostomatitis Stomatitis Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of any of the structures in the mouth. Inflammation of the mouth Gingivostomatitis A gap in the lower lip. UMLS:C1856026 Cleft lower lip Cleft of the lower lip Lower labial cleft Cleft lower lip A gap in the lower lip. Cleft lower lip Cleft of the lower lip Lower labial cleft Any abnormality of the salivary glands, the exocrine glands that produce saliva. MSH:D012466 SNOMEDCT_US:10890000 UMLS:C0036093 UMLS:C0149772 Abnormality of the salivary glands Salivary gland disease Abnormal salivary gland morphology Any abnormality of the salivary glands, the exocrine glands that produce saliva. Abnormality of the salivary glands Salivary gland disease Any abnormality of the submandibular glands, which are the salivary glands that are located beneath the floor of the mouth, superior to the digastric muscles. UMLS:C4023920 Abnormality of the submaxillary glands Abnormality of the submandibular glands Any abnormality of the submandibular glands, which are the salivary glands that are located beneath the floor of the mouth, superior to the digastric muscles. Abnormality of the submaxillary glands A gap (cleft) affecting one of the alveolar ridges, which are the protuberances in the mouth that contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth. An alveolar cleft can affect all structures of the alveolar ridge, including the gingiva, other mucosa, periosteum, alveolar bone, and teeth. Alveolar cleft occurs in response to divergence from normal development during frontonasal prominence growth, contact, and fusion. The most common alveolar portion of the cleft is located between the lateral incisor and the canine. SNOMEDCT_US:445306000 UMLS:C1398533 UMLS:C2919907 UMLS:C4280386 Alveolar cleft Alveolar ridge cleft Cleft anterior maxilla Cleft maxillary alveolus Cleft of alveolar ridge of maxilla Cleft of gum ridge Notch of alveolar ridge Notch of gum ridge Cleft of alveolar process Notch of alveolar process The palate develops from the frontonasal and maxillary prominences between 4 and 12 weeks of gestation. During gestational weeks 4 to 7, the primary palate originates from the median palatine process, which itself originated from frontonasal prominence. The lip, alveolus, and hard palate anterior to the incisive foramen all share this origin in development. During this period, disruptions of palatal development process can result in primary palate clefting. The secondary palate develops from the lateral palatine processes originating from the maxillary prominences between 7 and 12 weeks, and the hard palate posterior to incisive foramen and the soft palate are developmental products of this process. As such, disruptions during this time will result in secondary palate clefts. The alveolus is a component of the primary palate, and alveolar cleft results from mal-development of the frontonasal prominence. As such, it is most closely related to cleft lip and cleft palate. Generally, alveolar clefts are located between the lateral incisor and canine. Cleft maxillary alveolar ridge A gap (cleft) affecting one of the alveolar ridges, which are the protuberances in the mouth that contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth. An alveolar cleft can affect all structures of the alveolar ridge, including the gingiva, other mucosa, periosteum, alveolar bone, and teeth. Alveolar cleft occurs in response to divergence from normal development during frontonasal prominence growth, contact, and fusion. The most common alveolar portion of the cleft is located between the lateral incisor and the canine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:mengelstad Cleft anterior maxilla Cleft of gum ridge Notch of alveolar ridge Notch of gum ridge Cleft of alveolar process Notch of alveolar process Absence or underdevelopment of the tongue. UMLS:C4023916 UMLS:C4280384 Lingual aplasia/hypoplasia Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the tongue Absence or underdevelopment of the tongue. Lingual aplasia/hypoplasia Tongue with a median apical indentation or fork. SNOMEDCT_US:84557007 UMLS:C0266111 UMLS:C4255098 Bifurcated tongue Bilobed tongue Cleft tongue Forked tongue Split tongue Snake tongue Bifid tongue can be associated with ankyloglossia, but this should be assessed and coded separately. Small indentations of the tip of the tongue should not be coded as a bifid tongue. Bifid tongue Tongue with a median apical indentation or fork. PMID:19125428 Bifurcated tongue Cleft tongue Forked tongue Split tongue Snake tongue Any abnormality of dentin. UMLS:C4021299 Abnormal dentin Abnormality of dentin Abnormality of dentine Dentin anomaly Dentin is a calcified tissue of teeth that is covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root and surrounds the entire pulp. Abnormal dentin morphology Any abnormality of dentin. Abnormal dentin Abnormality of dentin Abnormality of dentine A heterogeneous group of congenital spinal anomalies that result from defective closure of the neural tube early in fetal life. MSH:D009436 SNOMEDCT_US:253098009 UMLS:C0027794 Incomplete closure of the vertebral arch Spinal dysraphism, or neural tube defect comprises a heterogeneous group of congenital spinal anomalies that result from defective closure of the neural tube early in fetal life and anomalous development of the caudal cell mass. The anatomic features common to the entire group is an anomaly in the midline structures of the back, especially the absence of some of the neural arches, and defects of the skin, filum terminale, nerves, and spinal cord. Open forms of spinal dysraphism include myelocele, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. These open forms are often associated with hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation type II and may be classified as spina bifida aperta. Closed forms of spinal dysraphism includ spina bifida occulta. Spinal dysraphism A heterogeneous group of congenital spinal anomalies that result from defective closure of the neural tube early in fetal life. Incomplete closure of the vertebral arch Any abnormality of the spinal meninges, the system of membranes (dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater) which envelops the spinal cord. UMLS:C4023914 Abnormality of the spinal meninges Abnormal spinal meningeal morphology Any abnormality of the spinal meninges, the system of membranes (dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater) which envelops the spinal cord. An outpouching of the spinal meninges. UMLS:C4023913 Spinal meningeal diverticula Spinal meningeal diverticulum An outpouching of the spinal meninges. Spinal meningeal diverticula Absence (aplasia) of the sacrum. Sacrococcygeal agenesis MSH:C537221 SNOMEDCT_US:205425003 UMLS:C0344490 Absent sacrum Sacral agenesis Absence of the sacrum Absence (aplasia) of the sacrum. Reduced inferior to superior extent of the thorax. SNOMEDCT_US:249670005 UMLS:C0426789 Shorter than typical length between neck and abdomen Short thorax Reduced inferior to superior extent of the thorax. Shorter than typical length between neck and abdomen The congenital absence of the sternum. UMLS:C4023912 Aplasia of the sternum Breast bone aplasia Asternia The congenital absence of the sternum. PMID:3424262 Absence or underdevelopment of the breasts. UMLS:C4023911 Absent/small breasts Absent/underdeveloped breasts Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the breasts Absence or underdevelopment of the breasts. Absent/small breasts Absent/underdeveloped breasts The presence of hypertrophy of the breast. MSH:C536821 SNOMEDCT_US:372281005 SNOMEDCT_US:372283008 SNOMEDCT_US:372285001 UMLS:C0020565 UMLS:C0392533 UMLS:C2225524 Breast enlargement Breasts enlarged Gigantomastia Hypertrophy of the breasts Large breast Macromastia Breast hypertrophy The presence of hypertrophy of the breast. Breast enlargement Breasts enlarged Gigantomastia Hypertrophy of the breasts Large breast Macromastia Absence or underdevelopment of the diaphragm. UMLS:C4023910 Absent/small diaprhagm Absent/underdeveloped diaprhagm Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the diaphragm Absence or underdevelopment of the diaphragm. Absent/small diaprhagm Absent/underdeveloped diaprhagm Absence or underdevelopment of the abdominal musculature. UMLS:C4023909 Absent/small abdominal wall muscles Absent/underdeveloped abdominal wall muscles Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the abdominal wall musculature Absence or underdevelopment of the abdominal musculature. Absent/small abdominal wall muscles Absent/underdeveloped abdominal wall muscles An anomaly of the little toe. UMLS:C4023905 Abnormal 5th toe morphology Abnormality of the 5th toe Abnormality of the little toe Abnormality of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the pinky toe Abnormal fifth toe morphology An anomaly of the little toe. Abnormality of the little toe Abnormality of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the pinky toe UMLS:C4023893 Abnormality of the end part of the little toe bone Abnormality of the end part of the pinkie toe bone Abnormality of the end part of the pinky toe bone Abnormality of the epiphyses of the 5th toe Abnormality of the end part of the little toe bone Abnormality of the end part of the pinkie toe bone Abnormality of the end part of the pinky toe bone UMLS:C4023892 Abnormality of the little toe bones Abnormality of the pinkie toe bones Abnormality of the pinky toe bones Abnormality of the phalanges of the 5th toe Abnormality of the little toe bones Abnormality of the pinkie toe bones Abnormality of the pinky toe bones UMLS:C4023891 Absent/small little toe Absent/small pinkie toe Absent/small pinky toe Absent/underdeveloped pinky toe Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 5th toe Absent/small little toe Absent/small pinkie toe Absent/small pinky toe Absent/underdeveloped pinky toe UMLS:C4021291 Displacement of the 5th toe Displacement of the little toe Displacement of the pinkie toe Displacement of the pinky toe Deviation of the 5th toe Displacement of the little toe Displacement of the pinkie toe Displacement of the pinky toe One or more bent (flexed) joints of the fifth toe that cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C4021290 Joint contractures of the 5th toe Flexion contracture of the 5th toe One or more bent (flexed) joints of the fifth toe that cannot be straightened actively or passively. Joint contractures of the 5th toe UMLS:C4023867 Absent/small little toe bones Absent/small pinkie toe bones Absent/small pinky toe bones Absent/underdeveloped pinky toe bones Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the 5th toe Absent/small little toe bones Absent/small pinkie toe bones Absent/small pinky toe bones Absent/underdeveloped pinky toe bones Partial or complete duplication of one or more phalanx of little toe. UMLS:C4020903 Duplication of the bones of the little toe Duplication of the bones of the pinkie toe Duplication of the bones of the pinky toe Duplication of the phalanges of the fifth toe Partial/complete duplication of the phalanges of the 5th toe Duplication of the phalanges of the 5th toe Partial or complete duplication of one or more phalanx of little toe. Duplication of the bones of the little toe Duplication of the bones of the pinkie toe Duplication of the bones of the pinky toe UMLS:C4023862 Abnormality of the outermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Abnormality of the outermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the outermost bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4023861 Abnormality of the middle bone of the little toe Abnormality of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the middle bone of the pinky toe Abnormality of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe Abnormality of the middle bone of the little toe Abnormality of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the middle bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4023860 Abnormality of the innermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Abnormal morphology of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Abnormality of the innermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the innermost bone of the pinky toe A structural abnormality of the interventricular septum. Fyler:1815 UMLS:C4021264 Abnormal interventricular septum morphology Abnormality of the ventricular septum Ventricular septum abnormality Abnormal ventricular septum morphology A structural abnormality of the interventricular septum. Abnormal interventricular septum morphology A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary fingers or toes. Fyler:4103 MSH:D017689 SNOMEDCT_US:367506006 UMLS:C0152427 More than five fingers or toes on hands or feet Polydactyly A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary fingers or toes. More than five fingers or toes on hands or feet A bifid or bifurcated appearance of the femur as seen on x-rays, possible appearing as a more or less severe bowing of the upper leg. Might be associated with hip dysplasia on the affected side. UMLS:C4023824 Notched thighbone Split thighbone Bifid femur A bifid or bifurcated appearance of the femur as seen on x-rays, possible appearing as a more or less severe bowing of the upper leg. Might be associated with hip dysplasia on the affected side. Notched thighbone Split thighbone Absence or underdevelopment of the spleen. UMLS:C4023823 Absent/small spleen Absent/underdeveloped spleen Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the spleen Absence or underdevelopment of the spleen. Absent/small spleen Absent/underdeveloped spleen Abnormality of the female genital system. UMLS:C4023820 Abnormality of the female internal or external genitalia. Abnormality of the female genitalia Abnormality of the female genital system. Abnormality of the male genital system. UMLS:C4023819 Abnormal male genitals Abnormality of the male genitalia Abnormality of the male genitalia Abnormality of the male genital system. Abnormal male genitals Abnormality of the male genitalia Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the ovary. UMLS:C4023818 Absent/small ovary Absent/underdeveloped ovary Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the ovary Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the ovary. Absent/small ovary Absent/underdeveloped ovary Absence or underdevelopment of the testes. UMLS:C4023817 Absent/small testes Absent/underdeveloped testes Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the testes Absence or underdevelopment of the testes. Absent/small testes Absent/underdeveloped testes The presence of more than two testes. SNOMEDCT_US:17471001 UMLS:C0266430 Extra testes Polyorchidism Supernumerary testes The presence of more than two testes. Extra testes Increased urinary excretion of oligosaccharides (low molecular weight carbohydrate chains composed of at least three monosaccharide subunits), derived from a partial degradation of glycoproteins. UMLS:C4023815 Oligosacchariduria Increased urinary excretion of oligosaccharides (low molecular weight carbohydrate chains composed of at least three monosaccharide subunits), derived from a partial degradation of glycoproteins. An abnormality in the synthesis or catabolism of heme. Heme is composed of ferrous iron and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential molecule as the prosthetic group of hemeproteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, mitochondrial and microsomal cytochromes. UMLS:C4023814 Abnormal circulating porphyrin concentration An abnormality in the synthesis or catabolism of heme. Heme is composed of ferrous iron and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential molecule as the prosthetic group of hemeproteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, mitochondrial and microsomal cytochromes. Abnormally increased excretion of porphyrins in the urine. SNOMEDCT_US:44574006 UMLS:C0151861 Porphyrins are natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. One of the best-known porphyrins is heme. Porphyrinuria Abnormally increased excretion of porphyrins in the urine. Absence or underdevelopment of the urinary bladder. UMLS:C4023813 Absent/small bladder Absent/underdeveloped bladder Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the bladder Absence or underdevelopment of the urinary bladder. Absent/small bladder Absent/underdeveloped bladder Abnormal increase in size of the upper limbs (due to an increase of the size of cells). SNOMEDCT_US:298745009 UMLS:C0575518 Increased size of upper limb Hypertrophy of the upper limb Abnormal increase in size of the upper limbs (due to an increase of the size of cells). Increased size of upper limb An abnormally increased length of the metacarpal bones. UMLS:C4021260 Elongated long bone of hand Increased length of metacarpals Long metacarpals An abnormally increased length of the metacarpal bones. Elongated long bone of hand Abnormal increase in size of the lower limbs (due to an increase of the size of cells). UMLS:C4023803 Hypertrophy of the lower limb Abnormal increase in size of the lower limbs (due to an increase of the size of cells). The ability of the knee joint to extend beyond its normal range of motion (the lower leg is moved beyond a straight position with respect to the thigh). UMLS:C4023802 Hyperextensibility of the knee The ability of the knee joint to extend beyond its normal range of motion (the lower leg is moved beyond a straight position with respect to the thigh). Duplication of the fibula. This may occur as a part of diplopodia (accessory tarsal or metatarsal bone). Diplopodia with double fibula is an extremely rare condition. UMLS:C3276742 Duplicated calf bone Fibular duplication Duplication of the fibula. This may occur as a part of diplopodia (accessory tarsal or metatarsal bone). Diplopodia with double fibula is an extremely rare condition. Duplicated calf bone An abnormal increase in the length of the tibia. UMLS:C4021864 Increased length of shankbone Increased length of shinbone Increased length of the tibia An abnormal increase in the length of the tibia. Increased length of shankbone Increased length of shinbone An ability of the toe joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. UMLS:C4023798 Hypermobility of toe joints An ability of the toe joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. Toes that appear disproportionately long compared to the foot. UMLS:C3150613 Increased length of toes Long toe Long toes This finding must be distinguished from digits that are thin but of normal length and that of a short mid and hind foot with normal digit lengths. The affected digits should be specified. If only a subset of the digits of a limb is lengthened, the affected digits should be specified. Long toe Toes that appear disproportionately long compared to the foot. PMID:19125433 Increased length of toes Long toe Long toes Calcification within the adrenal glands. SNOMEDCT_US:12286000 UMLS:C0271750 This condition may occur in a wide variety of pathologies, some serious and some with no obvious consequence. Adrenal hemorrhage may be detected as an incidental finding in children in radiographic studies of the abdomen. Etiologies include hemorrhage into the adrenals at or immediately after birth, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, cortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and cysts. Adrenal calcification Calcification within the adrenal glands. Deposition of calcium salts in the pituitary gland. UMLS:C4023797 Pituitary calcification Deposition of calcium salts in the pituitary gland. Hypersecretion of one or more pituitary hormones. This can occur in conditions in which deficiency in the target organ leads to decreased hormonal feedback, or as a primary condition most usually in connection with a pituitary adenoma. MSH:D006964 SNOMEDCT_US:10649000 UMLS:C0020506 Hyperpituitarism Hypersecretion of one or more pituitary hormones. This can occur in conditions in which deficiency in the target organ leads to decreased hormonal feedback, or as a primary condition most usually in connection with a pituitary adenoma. Absence or underdevelopment of the thymus. UMLS:C3278004 UMLS:C4023796 Absent/small thymus Absent/underdeveloped thymus Thymic hypoplasia or aplasia Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thymus Absence or underdevelopment of the thymus. Absent/small thymus Absent/underdeveloped thymus Thymic hypoplasia or aplasia An abnormal elevation of phytanic acid. UMLS:C4023786 Elevated level of phytanic acid Elevated levels of phytanic acid Phytanic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecanoic acid) is a fatty acid that is derived from chlorophyll and present in the diet. The metabolism of phytanic acid involves alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome, which converts phytanic acid to pristanic acid. Peroxisomes involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids and phytanic acid. Peroxisomal malfunctioning can lead to over-accumulation of very long chain fatty acids and phytanic acid, among other things. Elevated circulating phytanic acid concentration An abnormal elevation of phytanic acid. Elevated levels of phytanic acid Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. sandra1 UMLS:C4021252 Abnormality of the end part of the innermost thighbone Abnormality of the proximal femoral epiphysis Note that the proximal epiphysis of the femur is often referred to as the capital femoral epiphysis from the Latin word caput for head. Abnormality of the epiphysis of the femoral head Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Abnormality of the end part of the innermost thighbone The presence of developmental dysplasia of the femoral head. sandra1 Abnormality of femoral head development UMLS:C4021251 UMLS:C4280377 Dysplastic femoral head Dysplasia of the femoral head The presence of developmental dysplasia of the femoral head. Abnormality of femoral head development sandra1 UMLS:C4021862 Absent end part of bone Absent epiphyses Absent end part of bone Increased size of epiphyses. sandra1 UMLS:C1833328 Large end part of bone Large epiphyses Widened, distorted epiphyses Enlarged epiphyses Increased size of epiphyses. Large end part of bone sandra1 UMLS:C1841685 Pseudoepiphyses Reduction in the size or volume of epiphyses. sandra1 UMLS:C1846803 Small end part of bone Small epiphyses Reduction in the size or volume of epiphyses. Small end part of bone Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. sandra1 UMLS:C4023782 Abnormality of the end part of innermost shankbone Abnormality of the end part of innermost shinbone Abnormality of the proximal tibial epiphysis Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. Abnormality of the end part of innermost shankbone Abnormality of the end part of innermost shinbone sandra1 UMLS:C4023780 Abnormality of fibular epiphyses Abnormality of the end part of the calf bone Abnormal fibular epiphysis morphology Abnormality of the end part of the calf bone Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the fibula. sandra1 UMLS:C4023779 Abnormality of the innermost end part of calf bone Abnormality of the proximal fibular epiphysis Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the fibula. Abnormality of the innermost end part of calf bone Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus. sandra1 UMLS:C4023775 Abnormality of the end part of the innermost long bone in upper arm Abnormality of the proximal humeral epiphysis Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus. Abnormality of the end part of the innermost long bone in upper arm A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the skeleton. NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:442868003 UMLS:C2732838 UMLS:C4020771 Skeletal tumor Skeletal tumour Neoplasia of the skeletal system Bone neoplasm Neoplasm of the skeletal system A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the skeleton. Skeletal tumor Skeletal tumour Absence or underdevelopment of the anterior pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. MSH:D010903 SNOMEDCT_US:62818001 UMLS:C0032008 UMLS:C4023771 Adenohypophysis Anterior pituitary dysgenesis Absence or underdevelopment of the anterior pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. Adenohypophysis Underdevelopment of the anterior pituitary gland. UMLS:C0948740 UMLS:C1859775 Small anterior pituitary lobe Underdeveloped pituitary gland Hypoplasia of the pituitary gland Anterior pituitary hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the anterior pituitary gland. Underdeveloped pituitary gland Any abnormality of a metatarsal bone epiphysis. UMLS:C4021248 Abnormality of end part of long bone of foot Abnormality of metatarsal epiphysis Abnormality of the epiphyses of the metatarsals Abnormal metatarsal epiphysis morphology Any abnormality of a metatarsal bone epiphysis. Abnormality of end part of long bone of foot Any abnormality of the epiphyses of the feet. UMLS:C4023769 Abnormality of the end part of the foot bone Abnormality of the epiphyses of the feet Any abnormality of the epiphyses of the feet. Abnormality of the end part of the foot bone Abnormality of the nasal cavity (the cavity includes and starts at the nares and reaches all the way through to the and includes the choanae, the posterior nasal apertures). UMLS:C4023763 Abnormality of the nasal cavity Abnormal nasal cavity morphology Abnormality of the nasal cavity (the cavity includes and starts at the nares and reaches all the way through to the and includes the choanae, the posterior nasal apertures). Any abnormal increase or reduction in skin elasticity. UMLS:C4023760 Abnormal elasticity of skin Any abnormal increase or reduction in skin elasticity. An abnormal degree of flatness of the Ala of nose, which can be defined as a reduced nasal elevation index (lateral depth of the nose from the tip of the nose to the insertion of the nasal ala in the cheek x 100 divided by the side-to-side breadth of the nasal alae). UMLS:C4023759 Depressed nasal alae Flat nasal alar cartilage Flat nasal alae An abnormal degree of flatness of the Ala of nose, which can be defined as a reduced nasal elevation index (lateral depth of the nose from the tip of the nose to the insertion of the nasal ala in the cheek x 100 divided by the side-to-side breadth of the nasal alae). Depressed nasal alae Flat nasal alar cartilage An abnormality of the Meninges, including any abnormality of the Dura mater, the Arachnoid mater, and the Pia mater. UMLS:C4023758 Abnormality of the meninges Abnormal meningeal morphology An abnormality of the Meninges, including any abnormality of the Dura mater, the Arachnoid mater, and the Pia mater. An abnormality of the Dura mater. UMLS:C4023757 Abnormality of the dura mater Abnormal dura mater morphology An abnormality of the Dura mater. An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of an epiphysis. UMLS:C4021246 Abnormality of the mineralisation or ossification of the epiphyses Abnormal maturation of the end part of a bone Abnormal epiphyseal ossification An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of an epiphysis. Abnormal maturation of the end part of a bone An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any bone of the skeleton of hand. UMLS:C4021244 Abnormal ossification of hand bones Abnormality of the mineralisation and ossification of bones of the hand Abnormal maturation of the hand bones Abnormal hand bone ossification An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any bone of the skeleton of hand. Abnormal maturation of the hand bones An abnormality of the Diencephalon, which together with the cerebrum (telencephalon) makes up the forebrain. UMLS:C4023752 The diencephalon comprises the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, prethalamus or subthalamus and pretectum. Abnormality of the diencephalon An abnormality of the Diencephalon, which together with the cerebrum (telencephalon) makes up the forebrain. The presence of an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column. sandra1 UMLS:C4023747 Abnormal curve of the backbone Abnormal curve of the spine Abnormal curving of the spine Abnormality of the curvature of the vertebral column Curvature of spine Curved spine Abnormal curvature of the vertebral column The presence of an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column. Abnormal curve of the backbone Abnormal curve of the spine An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any bone of the skeleton of foot. sandra1 UMLS:C4020768 UMLS:C4021241 UMLS:C4280367 Abnormality of the mineralisation and ossification of bones of the feet Abnormal maturation of foot bones Abnormal ossification involving bones of the feet Abnormal foot bone ossification An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of any bone of the skeleton of foot. Abnormal maturation of foot bones An abnormal deviation from normal levels of immunoglobulins in blood. UMLS:C1855755 Abnormal immunoglobulin concentration Abnormal serum immunoglobulin concentration Abnormal serum immunoglobulin levels Abnormal serum level of immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin abnormality 'has part' some (amount and ('inheres in' some (IMR_0002090 and ('part of' some blood))) and ('has modifier' some abnormal)) Abnormal immunoglobulin level An abnormal deviation from normal levels of immunoglobulins in blood. Abnormal serum immunoglobulin levels An increased level of gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) in the blood. MSH:D006942 SNOMEDCT_US:127388009 SNOMEDCT_US:129646001 UMLS:C0020455 UMLS:C0151669 UMLS:C0541985 UMLS:C1306857 UMLS:C2048011 Elevated immunoglobulin levels Hypergammaglobulinaemia Hypergammaglobulinemia Hyperglobulinemia Increased antibody level in blood Increased gamma globulin Increased immunoglobulin level Increased serum gamma globulin Raised immunoglobulin levels In humans, immunoglobulins comprise the five antibody isotypes IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. Increased circulating antibody level An increased level of gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) in the blood. An abnormality of the texture of the hair. UMLS:C4023722 UMLS:C4072880 UMLS:C4072881 UMLS:C4073290 Abnormality of hair texture Abnormality of hair consistency Abnormality of hair curl pattern Abnormality of hair volume Abnormality of hair texture An abnormality of the texture of the hair. Abnormality of hair texture Abnormality of hair consistency Abnormality of hair curl pattern Abnormality of hair volume An abnormality of the distribution of hair growth. UMLS:C4023721 Abnormal distribution of hair Abnormal hair pattern Abnormal hair pattern An abnormality of the distribution of hair growth. Abnormal distribution of hair Abnormal hair pattern A developmental defect characterized by absence of the retina. UMLS:C4023718 Absent retina Aplasia of the retina A developmental defect characterized by absence of the retina. Absent retina Diminished length of a metatarsal bone, with resultant proximal displacement of the associated toe. UMLS:C1849020 Hypoplasia of the metatarsal bones Hypoplastic metatarsals Short long bone of foot Short metatarsal bone Short metatarsals Shortened metatarsals Short metatarsal bones This is a subjective assessment and one generally compares the position of the MTP joint to that of the contralateral digit or the putatively shortened ray in proportion to the other rays. The affected digits should be specified. Short metatarsal Diminished length of a metatarsal bone, with resultant proximal displacement of the associated toe. PMID:19125433 Short long bone of foot Short metatarsal bones UMLS:C4023715 Small toe bones Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the toes Small toe bones Positioning of a lacrimal punctum other than at the medial margins of the eyelid. UMLS:C4021230 Abnormal position of the lacrimal punctum The openings of the tear ducts are normally located at the medial margin of each eyelid. The opening on the lower eyelid border is more visible than the opening on the upper eyelid border. Ectopic positions can include the upper eyelid, nasal bridge, or inferior to medial aspect of the lower lid. Ectopic lacrimal punctum Positioning of a lacrimal punctum other than at the medial margins of the eyelid. PMID:19125427 Aplasia of a toe. That is, absence of all phalanges of a non-hallux digit of the foot and the associated soft tissues. UMLS:C3553754 Absent toe Absent toes Aplasia of toe Aplasia of the toes This descriptor does NOT require absence of the metatarsal. The definition excludes partial absent hallux. Absent toe Aplasia of a toe. That is, absence of all phalanges of a non-hallux digit of the foot and the associated soft tissues. Absent toe Absent toes Deposition of calcium salts in a tissue or location in which calcification does not normally occur. UMLS:C3806226 Ectopic calcification Deposition of calcium salts in a tissue or location in which calcification does not normally occur. The presence of an abnormally large pelvis. Large pelvis UMLS:C4019074 UMLS:C4072882 Large pelvis bone Large pelvis bone The presence of an abnormally large pelvis. Large pelvis Large pelvis bone A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the uterus. Uterine cancer MSH:D014594 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126908007 UMLS:C0042138 Uterine tumor Uterine tumour Uterine neoplasia Uterine neoplasm A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the uterus. Uterine cancer Uterine tumor Uterine tumour The presence of a neoplasm of the urinary system. MSH:D014571 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126879004 SNOMEDCT_US:254913005 UMLS:C0042076 Urinary tract neoplasia Urinary tract neoplasm The presence of a neoplasm of the urinary system. A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genital system. NCIT:C3262 UMLS:C0679347 UMLS:C4020767 Genital tumor Genital tumour Genital neoplasia Genital neoplasm A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genital system. Genital tumor Genital tumour Any structural abnormality of the fifth cranial nerve. UMLS:C4021226 Abnormal trigeminal nerve morphology Abnormality of the fifth cranial nerve Abnormality of the nervus trigeminus Abnormal fifth cranial nerve morphology Any structural abnormality of the fifth cranial nerve. Abnormality of the eleventh cranial nerve. UMLS:C4021225 Abnormality of cranial nerve XI Abnormality of the accessory nerve Abnormality of the eleventh cranial nerve Abnormality of the eleventh cranial nerve. Abnormality of cranial nerve XI Abnormality of the twelfth cranial nerve. UMLS:C4021224 Abnormality of cranial nerve 12 Abnormality of cranial nerve xii Abnormality of the hypoglossal nerve Abnormality of the twelfth cranial nerve Abnormality of the twelfth cranial nerve. Abnormality of cranial nerve 12 Abnormality of cranial nerve xii Abnormality of the seventh cranial nerve sometimes also referred to as the facial nerve. UMLS:C4021223 Abnormality of the facial nerve Abnormal seventh cranial physiology Abnormality of the seventh cranial nerve sometimes also referred to as the facial nerve. An incomplete closure of the abdominal wall. UMLS:C0238577 Abdominal wall defect Congenital anterior abdominal wall defect Abdominal wall defect An incomplete closure of the abdominal wall. Abdominal wall defect An abnormal level of a circulating protein in the blood. UMLS:C4020763 UMLS:C4020764 UMLS:C4023679 Abnormal circulating protein level Abnormality of circulating protein level Blood protein disease Serum protein abnormality Abnormal circulating protein concentration An abnormal level of a circulating protein in the blood. Blood protein disease An abnormality of the umbilical cord, which is the cord connecting the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta. SNOMEDCT_US:90009001 UMLS:C0266785 Umbilical cord issue Abnormality of the umbilical cord An abnormality of the umbilical cord, which is the cord connecting the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta. Umbilical cord issue Any deviation from the normal concentration of a branched chain family amino acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023673 Abnormal circulating branched chain amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a branched chain family amino acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of phenylalanine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023672 Abnormality of phenylalanine metabolism Abnormal circulating phenylalanine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of phenylalanine in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a serine family amino acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023671 Abnormality of serine family amino acid metabolism Abnormal circulating serine family amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a serine family amino acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of glycine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023670 Abnormal circulating glycine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of glycine in the blood circulation. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Any deviation from the normal concentration of an aspartate family amino acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023667 Abnormal circulating aspartate family amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of an aspartate family amino acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of methionine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023665 Abnormality of methionine metabolism Abnormal circulating methionine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of methionine in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a glutamine family amino acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023664 Abnormal circulating glutamine family amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a glutamine family amino acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of lysine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023660 Abnormality of lysine metabolism Abnormal circulating lysine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of lysine in the blood circulation. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Any deviation from the normal concentration of arginine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023659 Abnormality of arginine metabolism Arginine is a charged, aliphatic amino acid. Abnormal circulating arginine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of arginine in the blood circulation. An increased concentration of valine in the blood. MSH:C536524 SNOMEDCT_US:47719001 UMLS:C0268573 High blood valine concentration Hypervalinemia An increased concentration of valine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti High blood valine concentration An increased concentration of leucine in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:24013007 UMLS:C0268576 High blood leucine concentration Normal leucine blood levels are around 120-160 micromole per liter. Hyperleucinemia An increased concentration of leucine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti High blood leucine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of isoleucine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023658 Abnormal circulating isoleucine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of isoleucine in the blood circulation. An increased concentration of isoleucine in the blood. UMLS:C4023657 High blood isoleucine concentration Normal isoleucine blood levels are around 60-80 micromole per liter. Hyperisoleucinemia An increased concentration of isoleucine in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti High blood isoleucine concentration Any deviation from the normal circulation of valine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023656 Abnormality of valine metabolism Abnormal circulating valine concentration Any deviation from the normal circulation of valine in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of tyrosine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023653 Abnormal circulating tyrosine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of tyrosine in the blood circulation. An abnormality of a cysteine metabolic process. UMLS:C4023652 Abnormal circulating cysteine concentration An abnormality of a cysteine metabolic process. An abnormality of divalent inorganic cation homeostasis. UMLS:C4023648 Abnormality of divalent inorganic cation homeostasis Abnormal blood inorganic cation concentration An abnormality of divalent inorganic cation homeostasis. An abnormality of cation homeostasis. UMLS:C4023646 Abnormality of cation homeostasis Abnormal blood cation concentration An abnormality of cation homeostasis. An abnormality of monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis. UMLS:C4023645 Abnormality of monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis Abnormal blood monovalent inorganic cation concentration An abnormality of monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis. An abnormal concentration of sodium. UMLS:C4023644 Abnormal blood Na+ levels Abnormal circulating Na concentration Abnormality of sodium homeostasis Abnormal blood sodium concentration An abnormal concentration of sodium. Abnormal blood Na+ levels Abnormal circulating Na concentration An abnormality of a nucleobase metabolic process. UMLS:C4020762 UMLS:C4023643 Abnormal nucleoside levels This term is used to refers to abnormality in chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine. Abnormal circulating nucleobase concentration An abnormality of a nucleobase metabolic process. An abnormality of the upper urinary tract. UMLS:C4023641 Abnormality of the upper urinary tract The upper urinary tract is a subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. Abnormality of the upper urinary tract An abnormality of the upper urinary tract. Abnormality of the upper urinary tract An abnormality of the lower urinary tract. UMLS:C4023640 The lower urinary tract is a subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. Abnormality of the lower urinary tract An abnormality of the lower urinary tract. An abnormality of the nasal skeleton. UMLS:C4023639 UMLS:C4280361 Abnormality of the nasal skeleton Anomaly of the nasal skeleton Deformity of the bones of the nose Deformity of the nasal skeleton Distortion of the bones of the nose Distortion of the nasal skeleton Malformation of the bones of the nose Malformation of the nasal skeleton Abnormal nasal skeleton morphology An abnormality of the nasal skeleton. Abnormality of the nasal skeleton Anomaly of the nasal skeleton Deformity of the bones of the nose Deformity of the nasal skeleton Distortion of the bones of the nose Distortion of the nasal skeleton Malformation of the bones of the nose Malformation of the nasal skeleton An abnormality of the external nose. UMLS:C2164724 UMLS:C4023638 UMLS:C4280360 Abnormality of the external nose Anomaly of the external nose Deformity of the external nose Malformation of the external nose Abnormal external nose morphology An abnormality of the external nose. Abnormality of the external nose Anomaly of the external nose Deformity of the external nose Malformation of the external nose An abnormality of the renal pelvis. UMLS:C4023633 Abnormality of the renal pelvis Abnormal renal pelvis morphology An abnormality of the renal pelvis. Mild pyelectasis is defined as a hypoechoic spherical or elliptical space within the renal pelvis that measures at least 5mm and not more than 10 mm. The measurement is taken on a transverse section through the fetal renal pelvis using the maximum anterior-to-posterior measurement. MSH:D058536 SNOMEDCT_US:430035004 UMLS:C2317073 Fetal renal pelvic dilatation Foetal pyelectasis Foetal renal pelvic dilatation Mild fetal hydronephrosis Mild foetal hydronephrosis The renal pelvis is the part of the kidney that collects urine. Fetal pyelectasis is a prenatal ultrasound finding that is diagnosed with enlargement of the renal pelvis from 4 to 10 millimeters. In many cases, fetal pyelectasis resolves spontaneously. Note that dilatation of the renal pelvis to more than 10 mm is referred to as severe pyelectasis or hydronephrosis. Measurements less than 5mm are normal, should not be designated as pyelectasis, and should not be reported (PMID:16100637). Fetal pyelectasis Mild pyelectasis is defined as a hypoechoic spherical or elliptical space within the renal pelvis that measures at least 5mm and not more than 10 mm. The measurement is taken on a transverse section through the fetal renal pelvis using the maximum anterior-to-posterior measurement. PMID:16100637 Foetal pyelectasis Foetal renal pelvic dilatation Mild foetal hydronephrosis An abnormality of the fourth ventricle. UMLS:C4023630 Abnormality of the fourth ventricle The fourth ventricle is the cerebral ventricle that extends from the cerebral aqueduct to the obex, and is located within the pons and the upper part of the medulla oblongata. Abnormal fourth ventricle morphology An abnormality of the fourth ventricle. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a long-chain fatty acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023624 A long-chain fatty-acid is defined as an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of C13 to C18. Abnormal circulating long-chain fatty-acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a long-chain fatty acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of phytanic acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023623 Abnormal circulating phytanic acid level Phytanic acid is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. Abnormal circulating phytanic acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of phytanic acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a fatty acid anion in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4021209 Abnormality of fatty acid anion A fatty acid anion is the conjugate base of a fatty acid. Abnormal circulating fatty-acid anion concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a fatty acid anion in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of carnitine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4020761 UMLS:C4021855 Carnitine levels abnormal L-carnitine (3-hydroxy-4-N.trimethylammonium butyrate) plays a key role in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix, where they undergo 13-oxidation. Abnormal circulating carnitine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of carnitine in the blood circulation. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti An abnormality of myeloid leukocytes. UMLS:C4023618 Abnormality of myeloid leukocytes A myeloid leukocyte refers to a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. Abnormal myeloid leukocyte morphology An abnormality of myeloid leukocytes. A deviation from the normal count of B cells, i.e., the cells that are formed in the bone marrow, migrate to the peripheral lymphatic system, and mature into plasma cells or memory cells. UMLS:C4021208 Abnormal number of B cells Abnormal numbers of B cells Abnormality of B cell count Abnormality of B cell numbers Abnormal B cell count A deviation from the normal count of B cells, i.e., the cells that are formed in the bone marrow, migrate to the peripheral lymphatic system, and mature into plasma cells or memory cells. MP:0002458 Abnormal number of B cells Abnormal numbers of B cells An abnormal decrease from the normal count of B cells. UMLS:C1855067 B cell deficiency B cell lymphopenia Decreased B cell count Low B cell count Reduction in B cell number Plasma B cells differentiate from B cells and secrete large amounts of antibodies. B lymphocytopenia An abnormal decrease from the normal count of B cells. Low B cell count An abnormal functioning of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is an elegant but complex process for the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, but it is also important for the elimination of apoptotic cells and hence fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis can be divided into four main steps: (i) recognition of the target particle, (ii) signaling to activate the internalization machinery, (iii) phagosome formation, and (iv) phagolysosome maturation. UMLS:C4023617 Abnormal phagocytosis An abnormal functioning of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is an elegant but complex process for the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, but it is also important for the elimination of apoptotic cells and hence fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis can be divided into four main steps: (i) recognition of the target particle, (ii) signaling to activate the internalization machinery, (iii) phagosome formation, and (iv) phagolysosome maturation. PMID:28691037 A functional abnormality of the immune system. UMLS:C4023616 Abnormality of immune system physiology A functional abnormality of the immune system. MP:0001790 An abnormality of the morphology or counts of the cells that make up the immune system. UMLS:C4023612 Abnormal cellular immune system morphology An abnormality of the morphology or counts of the cells that make up the immune system. An abnormality of the abdominal musculature. UMLS:C4023608 Abnormality of the abdominal musculature Abnormal morphology of the abdominal musculature An abnormality of the abdominal musculature. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a dicarboxylic acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023606 A dicarboxylic acid is an oxoacid containing two carboxy groups. Abnormal circulating dicarboxylic acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a dicarboxylic acid in the blood circulation. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a monocarboxylic acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023605 Abnormal circulating monocarboxylic acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a monocarboxylic acid in the blood circulation. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti An abnormal increase of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones which is often referred to as osteosclerosis. Osteosclerosis can be detected on radiological examination as an increased whiteness (density) of affected bones. MSH:D010026 SNOMEDCT_US:49347007 UMLS:C0029464 Increased bone density Increased bone mineral density Osteosclerosis Osteosclerosis of bones This term may be merged with Increased bone density in the future or made obsolete. Increased bone mineral density An abnormal increase of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones which is often referred to as osteosclerosis. Osteosclerosis can be detected on radiological examination as an increased whiteness (density) of affected bones. Increased bone density Increased bone mineral density Abnormally increased formation of dense trabecular bone tissue. Despite the increased density of bone tissue, osteopetrotic bones tend to be more fracture-prone than normal. MSH:D010022 SNOMEDCT_US:1926006 SNOMEDCT_US:367489004 UMLS:C0029454 Harder, denser, fracture-prone bones Albers-Schoenberg disease Albers-Schonberg disease Albers-Schönberg disease Marble bone disease Osteopetrosis Abnormally increased formation of dense trabecular bone tissue. Despite the increased density of bone tissue, osteopetrotic bones tend to be more fracture-prone than normal. Harder, denser, fracture-prone bones An abnormality of the systemic arterial tree, which consists of the aorta and other systemic arteries. Fyler:2600 SNOMEDCT_US:234119001 UMLS:C0151489 UMLS:C4021205 Abnormal systemic artery morphology Abnormality of the systemic arterial tree Systemic artery abnormality Arterial abnormalities Abnormal systemic arterial morphology An abnormality of the systemic arterial tree, which consists of the aorta and other systemic arteries. An abnormality of the neck musculature. UMLS:C4023601 Abnormality of cervical musculature Abnormality of the musculature of the neck Neck muscle issue Abnormal morphology of the musculature of the neck An abnormality of the neck musculature. Abnormality of cervical musculature Abnormality of the musculature of the neck Neck muscle issue A deviation from the normal concentration of a polysaccharide in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023600 Abnormal circulating polysaccharide concentration A deviation from the normal concentration of a polysaccharide in the blood circulation. A deviation from the normal concentration of a carbohydrate in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023599 An abnormality of the metabolism (include abnormality of the concentration) of a carbohydrate, including monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and substances derived from them. Abnormal circulating carbohydrate concentration A deviation from the normal concentration of a carbohydrate in the blood circulation. Abnormality of glucose homeostasis. UMLS:C4023598 An abnormality of any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. Abnormal glucose homeostasis Abnormality of glucose homeostasis. An abnormality of the concentration of glucose in the blood. UMLS:C4023597 Abnormality of blood glucose concentration Abnormal blood glucose concentration An abnormality of the concentration of glucose in the blood. An abnormality in a cellular process. UMLS:C4023595 Abnormality of cell physiology Abnormal cellular physiology An abnormality in a cellular process. An abnormality of the cell cycle. UMLS:C4023594 Abnormality of the cell cycle Abnormality of the cell cycle An abnormality of the cell cycle. Abnormality of the cell cycle An abnormality of chromosome condensation. UMLS:C4023593 Abnormality of chromosome condensation An abnormality of chromosome condensation. An abnormality of the metabolism of mucopolysaccharide. UMLS:C4023592 Abnormality of mucopolysaccharide metabolism An abnormality of the metabolism of mucopolysaccharide. A deviation from the normal concentration of an unsaturated fatty acid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023590 Abnormal circulating unsaturated fatty acid concentration A deviation from the normal concentration of an unsaturated fatty acid in the blood circulation. An abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. MSH:D004066 MSH:D005767 SNOMEDCT_US:119292006 SNOMEDCT_US:25374005 SNOMEDCT_US:53619000 UMLS:C0012242 UMLS:C0017178 UMLS:C4023588 Abnormality of the GI tract Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract Digestive system disease Gastrointestinal disease Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract An abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormality of the GI tract Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract Digestive system disease Gastrointestinal disease Abnormal functionality of the cardiovascular system. UMLS:C4023587 Abnormality of cardiovascular system physiology Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology Abnormal functionality of the cardiovascular system. Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the vagina. UMLS:C4023586 Absent/small vagina Absent/underdeveloped vagina Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the vagina Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the vagina. Absent/small vagina Absent/underdeveloped vagina An abnormality of the fallopian tube. UMLS:C0281842 Abnormality of the fallopian tube The Fallopian tubes (also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges) are ducts that lead from the ovaries into the uterus. Abnormal fallopian tube morphology An abnormality of the fallopian tube. An abnormality of blood circulation. UMLS:C4020760 UMLS:C4023585 Blood circulation disorder Abnormality of blood circulation An abnormality of blood circulation. The presence of hemorrhage within the body. UMLS:C1390214 Internal bleeding Internal haemorrhage Internal hemorrhage The presence of hemorrhage within the body. Internal bleeding Internal haemorrhage An abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of transition element cation. UMLS:C4023584 Abnormality of transition element cation homeostasis Abnormal blood transition element cation concentration An abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of transition element cation. An abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of iron cation. UMLS:C4023583 Abnormality of iron homeostasis An abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of iron cation. An abnormality of the regulation of body fluids. SNOMEDCT_US:1860003 SNOMEDCT_US:190902006 UMLS:C2364164 Abnormality of fluid regulation Fluid imbalance Abnormality of fluid regulation An abnormality of the regulation of body fluids. Abnormality of fluid regulation Fluid imbalance An abnormality of the cortex of the kidney. UMLS:C4023580 Abnormality of renal cortex morphology Abnormal renal cortex morphology An abnormality of the cortex of the kidney. An altered ability of the kidneys to void urine and/or specific substances. MP:0005555 UMLS:C4023579 Abnormality of renal excretion An altered ability of the kidneys to void urine and/or specific substances. A decreased rate of urine production. UMLS:C3887784 A reduction in the overall amount of urine output. Decreased urine output A decreased rate of urine production. An abnormality of renal absorption. UMLS:C4023578 Abnormal renal resorption Abnormality of renal resorption Abnormal renal tubular resorption An abnormality of renal absorption. An abnormality of the intrahepatic bile duct. UMLS:C4023577 Abnormality of the intrahepatic bile duct Abnormal intrahepatic bile duct morphology An abnormality of the intrahepatic bile duct. Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the cervical vertebral column. UMLS:C4023576 Absent/small cervical spine Absent/underdeveloped cervical spine Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cervical spine Aplasia or developmental hypoplasia of the cervical vertebral column. Absent/small cervical spine Absent/underdeveloped cervical spine An abnormal concentration of potassium. UMLS:C4023575 Abnormal blood K concentration Abnormality of potassium homeostasis Abnormal blood potassium concentration An abnormal concentration of potassium. Abnormal blood K concentration A localized form of periodontitis. Limited area of gum disease Localised gum disease Localized gum disease UMLS:C4023559 UMLS:C4280344 Localised periodontal disease Localised periodontitis Localized periodontal disease Localized periodontitis A localized form of periodontitis. Limited area of gum disease Localised gum disease Localized gum disease Localised periodontal disease Localised periodontitis Localized periodontal disease An abnormality of the structure or composition of the teeth. UMLS:C4023557 Abnormality of tooth part Abnormality of tooth structure Abnormality of dental structure An abnormality of the structure or composition of the teeth. Abnormality of tooth part Abnormality of tooth structure The presence of one or more teeth additional to the normal number. MSH:D014096 SNOMEDCT_US:266414008 SNOMEDCT_US:367534004 SNOMEDCT_US:8666004 UMLS:C0040457 Extra teeth Hyperdontia Increased number of teeth Increased tooth count Supernumerary teeth Supplemental dentition Supplemental teeth Tooth, supernumerary Supernumary dentition Supernumary teeth More teeth than normal Age-related physiological sequential eruption should be taken into account during evaluation. The type and the location of the additional tooth/teeth should be added to the description. Supernumerary teeth are uncommon (in 0.21% of deciduous dentitions and in 0.9% of permanent dentitions), and often abnormal positioning of a normal number of teeth is wrongly classified as supernumerary teeth. Supernumerary teeth are most frequent in the upper maxilla, and typically, a single additional tooth is present. We discourage the use of distodens, distomolars (an extra fourth molar posterior to the third molar), paramolars (supernumerary tooth in the molar region) but rather to mention the presence of the supernumerary tooth mesial to or distal to a tooth from the normal series. Diagnosing a supernumerary tooth may require radiographic examination. A supernumerary tooth present between the maxillary central incisors is called mesiodens. Supernumerary tooth The presence of one or more teeth additional to the normal number. PMID:31468724 Extra teeth Hyperdontia Increased number of teeth Increased tooth count Supplemental dentition Supplemental teeth Supernumary dentition Supernumary teeth More teeth than normal MSH:C538215 SNOMEDCT_US:109493006 UMLS:C0399379 UMLS:C4082200 Absence of tooth root Agenesis of tooth root Aplasia of tooth root Missing tooth root Rootless teeth Teeth without roots Tooth with dentin dysplasia type i Rootless teeth Absence of tooth root Agenesis of tooth root Aplasia of tooth root Missing tooth root Rootless teeth Teeth without roots Tooth with dentin dysplasia type i A localized form of developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel. UMLS:C4023550 UMLS:C4280339 Localised hypoplasia of dental enamel Localised hypoplasia of tooth enamel Localized hypoplasia of tooth enamel Localised dysplasia of tooth enamel Localized dysplasia of tooth enamel Localized hypoplasia of dental enamel A localized form of developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel. Localised hypoplasia of dental enamel Localised hypoplasia of tooth enamel Localized hypoplasia of tooth enamel Localised dysplasia of tooth enamel Localized dysplasia of tooth enamel An abnormality of the outflow tract of the left ventricle. SNOMEDCT_US:253545000 UMLS:C0344916 Abnormality of the left ventricular outflow tract Abnormal left ventricular outflow tract morphology An abnormality of the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Inflammation of the tonsils that has occurred repeatedly. The definition of recurrent may vary somewhat, but the criteria used recently as a measure of severity were five or more episodes of true tonsillitis per year, symptoms recurring for at least a year, and episodes that are disabling and that prevent normal functioning. In some cases recurrent tonsillitis may be related to immunosusceptibility. Evidence exists for a genetic predisposition for recurrent tonsillitis. MSH:D014069 SNOMEDCT_US:90176007 UMLS:C0040425 Recurrent inflammation of tonsils Recurrent tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils that has occurred repeatedly. The definition of recurrent may vary somewhat, but the criteria used recently as a measure of severity were five or more episodes of true tonsillitis per year, symptoms recurring for at least a year, and episodes that are disabling and that prevent normal functioning. In some cases recurrent tonsillitis may be related to immunosusceptibility. Evidence exists for a genetic predisposition for recurrent tonsillitis. PMID:15897415 Recurrent inflammation of tonsils An abnormality of the concentration or function of circulating immune proteins. UMLS:C4023536 Abnormality of immune serum protein physiology Abnormal immune serum protein physiology An abnormality of the concentration or function of circulating immune proteins. An abnormality in the production or cellular release of a cytokine (i.e., any of the non-antibody proteins made by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells that affect the behavior of other cells). MP:0003009 UMLS:C4023534 Abnormality of cytokine secretion An abnormality in the production or cellular release of a cytokine (i.e., any of the non-antibody proteins made by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells that affect the behavior of other cells). An abnormality of the nasal dorsum, also known as the nasal ridge. UMLS:C4021202 UMLS:C4280332 Abnormality of the dorsum of nose Abnormality of the nasal dorsum Abnormality of the nasal ridge Anomaly of the nasal ridge Abnormal morphology of dorsum of nose Crooked dorsum of nose Crooked nasal dorsum Crooked nasal ridge Deformity of the dorsum of the nose Deformity of the nasal dorsum Deformity of the nasal ridge Malformation of the dorsum of nose Malformation of the nasal dorsum Malformation of the nasal ridge The nasal ridge is the midline prominence of the nose, extending from the nasal root to the tip. Abnormal nasal dorsum morphology An abnormality of the nasal dorsum, also known as the nasal ridge. PMID:19152422 Abnormality of the dorsum of nose Abnormality of the nasal ridge Abnormal morphology of dorsum of nose Crooked dorsum of nose Crooked nasal dorsum Crooked nasal ridge Deformity of the dorsum of the nose Deformity of the nasal dorsum Deformity of the nasal ridge Malformation of the dorsum of nose Malformation of the nasal dorsum Malformation of the nasal ridge Any morphological abnormality of the skin. Fyler:4133 UMLS:C4023528 Abnormal skin morphology Abnormal skin structure Abnormality of skin morphology Abnormal skin morphology Any morphological abnormality of the skin. Abnormal skin morphology Abnormal skin structure Any abnormality of the physiological function of the skin. UMLS:C4023527 Abnormality of skin physiology Abnormality of skin physiology Any abnormality of the physiological function of the skin. Abnormality of skin physiology The presence of inflammation of the skin. That is, an abnormality of the skin resulting from the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes. MP:0004947 MSH:D003872 SNOMEDCT_US:703938007 UMLS:C0011603 UMLS:C3875321 Abnormal tendency to infections of the skin Inflammatory abnormality of the skin Skin inflammation Dermatitis Inflammatory skin disease Inflammatory abnormality of the skin The presence of inflammation of the skin. That is, an abnormality of the skin resulting from the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes. Inflammatory abnormality of the skin Skin inflammation An abnormality of the morphology of the epidermis. UMLS:C4023526 Abnormality of epidermal morphology Abnormal epidermal morphology An abnormality of the morphology of the epidermis. Absence or developmental hypoplasia of the sweat glands. UMLS:C4023520 Absent/small sweat glands Absent/underdeveloped sweat glands Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the sweat glands Absence or developmental hypoplasia of the sweat glands. Absent/small sweat glands Absent/underdeveloped sweat glands An abnormality of the skin adnexa (skin appendages), which are specialized skin structures located within the dermis and focally within the subcutaneous fatty tissue, comprising three histologically distinct structures: (1) the pilosebaceous unit (hair follicle and sebaceous glands); (2) the eccrine sweat glands; and (3) the apocrine glands. UMLS:C4023518 Abnormal skin appendage Abnormality of skin adnexa morphology Abnormal skin adnexa morphology An abnormality of the skin adnexa (skin appendages), which are specialized skin structures located within the dermis and focally within the subcutaneous fatty tissue, comprising three histologically distinct structures: (1) the pilosebaceous unit (hair follicle and sebaceous glands); (2) the eccrine sweat glands; and (3) the apocrine glands. Abnormal skin appendage Gastric duplication is a usually cystic malformation of gastrointestinal tract, usually attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and has no communication with the stomach. UMLS:C4021201 Gastric duplication cyst Gastric duplication usually presents as gastric outlet obstruction. They are usually spherical in form, do not communicate with the stomach, and are generally localized at the greater curvature. In some cases they may exhibit adhesion to the pancreas and even communicate with aberrant pancreatic ducts. Gastric duplication is more frequent in females. It is generally either diagnosed in infancy because of symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction or is an incidental finding in adulthood. Gastric duplication Gastric duplication is a usually cystic malformation of gastrointestinal tract, usually attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and has no communication with the stomach. A spherical hollow structure with a smooth muscle coat, lined by a mucous membrane, and attached to any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the base of the tongue to the anus. SNOMEDCT_US:33257003 UMLS:C0266019 GI duplication Gastrointestinal duplication A spherical hollow structure with a smooth muscle coat, lined by a mucous membrane, and attached to any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the base of the tongue to the anus. PMID:21218094 GI duplication An abnormal shape of occiput. Abnormal shape of posterior head Abnormal shape of the back of the head UMLS:C4023459 Abnormal shape of posterior cranium Abnormal shape of posterior skull Abnormal shape of the back of the skull Abnormal shape of the occiput An abnormal shape of occiput. Abnormal shape of posterior head Abnormal shape of the back of the head Abnormal shape of posterior cranium Abnormal shape of posterior skull Abnormal shape of the back of the skull An abnormal shape of the frontal part of the head. UMLS:C4023458 Abnormal morphology of the frontal region Abnormal shape of the forehead Dysmorphic forehead Dysmorphic frontal region Abnormal shape of the frontal region An abnormal shape of the frontal part of the head. Abnormal morphology of the frontal region Abnormal shape of the forehead Dysmorphic forehead Dysmorphic frontal region Facial height (length) is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or an apparent decrease in the height (length) of the face (subjective). UMLS:C4023457 Decreased height of face Decreased length of face Decreased vertical dimension of face Short face Short facies Vertical Facial Deficiency Vertical deficiency of face Vertical facial insufficiency Vertical hypoplasia of face Vertical insufficiency of face Vertical shortening of face Objective measurement of face height is made with sliding calipers from the nasion, just above the depth of the nasal root to the gnathion, the inferior border of the mandible, both in the midline. Note that short face is distinct from wide face. Short face Facial height (length) is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or an apparent decrease in the height (length) of the face (subjective). PMID:19125436 Decreased height of face Decreased length of face Decreased vertical dimension of face Short face Short facies Vertical Facial Deficiency Vertical deficiency of face Vertical facial insufficiency Vertical hypoplasia of face Vertical insufficiency of face Vertical shortening of face UMLS:C4023437 Abnormality of the urinary system physiology An abnormal amount of hydrogencarbonate in the urine. UMLS:C4023435 Abnormality of urine HCO3 concentration Abnormality of urine bicarbonate level An abnormal amount of hydrogencarbonate in the urine. Abnormality of urine HCO3 concentration An abnormality of calcium concentration in the urine. UMLS:C4023434 Abnormality of urine Ca concentration Abnormality of urine Ca2+ concentration Abnormality of urine calcium concentration An abnormality of calcium concentration in the urine. Abnormality of urine Ca concentration Abnormality of urine Ca2+ concentration An abnormality of the hindbrain, also known as the rhombencephalon. UMLS:C4021170 Abnormal shape of hindbrain Abnormality of hindbrain morphology Abnormality of the hindbrain The hindbrain consists of two main structures: The pons and the cerebellum. Abnormal hindbrain morphology An abnormality of the hindbrain, also known as the rhombencephalon. Abnormal shape of hindbrain An abnormality of the metencephalon. The metencephalon is the part of the hindbrain that consists of the pons and the cerebellum. UMLS:C4023432 Abnormality of the metencephalon Abnormal metencephalon morphology An abnormality of the metencephalon. The metencephalon is the part of the hindbrain that consists of the pons and the cerebellum. A morphological abnormality of a digit, i.e., of a finger or toe. UMLS:C3550704 Abnormality of digit Abnormality of fingers or toes Digital anomalies Abnormal digit morphology A morphological abnormality of a digit, i.e., of a finger or toe. Abnormality of fingers or toes The total absence of the foot, with no bony elements distal to the tibia or fibula. SNOMEDCT_US:371197005 UMLS:C0265624 Absent foot Aplasia of the foot Apodia Absent foot The total absence of the foot, with no bony elements distal to the tibia or fibula. PMID:19125433 Absent foot An abnormality of size or shape of the long bones. UMLS:C4021165 Abnormal shape of long bone Abnormality of long bone morphology Abnormality of the tubular bones Abnormal long bone morphology An abnormality of size or shape of the long bones. Abnormal shape of long bone An abnormality of the fontanelle. UMLS:C4020755 Anomaly of the fontanelles The fontanelles are the regions in an infant's calvaria that are covered by a thick membrane that normally ossify in the first two years of life. Abnormality of fontanelles An abnormality of the fontanelle. PMID:12825844 Any anomaly of a cranial suture, that is one of the six membrane-covered openings in the incompletely ossified skull of the fetus or newborn infant. UMLS:C4023412 Abnormality of cranial sutures Abnormality of the bregma sutures Abnormality of the calvarium sutures Abnormality of the cranial sutures Abnormality of the skull suture Abnormality of cranial sutures Any anomaly of a cranial suture, that is one of the six membrane-covered openings in the incompletely ossified skull of the fetus or newborn infant. Abnormality of cranial sutures UMLS:C4023408 Abnormality of mouth size Anomaly of mouth size Abnormality of mouth size Abnormality of mouth size Anomaly of mouth size An abnormality of the outline, configuration, or contour of the mouth. Fyler:4874 UMLS:C4023407 Abnormality of mouth shape Anomaly of mouth shape Unusual mouth shape Abnormality of mouth shape An abnormality of the outline, configuration, or contour of the mouth. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_jhurst Abnormality of mouth shape Anomaly of mouth shape Unusual mouth shape Increased width of the upper lip. UMLS:C3151495 Elongation of upper lip Increased height of upper lip Increased vertical length of upper lip Long upper lip Long upper lip Increased width of the upper lip. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_jhurst Elongation of upper lip Increased height of upper lip Increased vertical length of upper lip Long upper lip An abnormality of the skin that is not localized to any one particular region. UMLS:C4021157 Generalised abnormality of skin Generalized abnormality of skin Generalized abnormality of skin An abnormality of the skin that is not localized to any one particular region. Generalised abnormality of skin Generalized abnormality of skin A lesion of the skin that is located in a specific region rather than being generalized. UMLS:C0850826 Localised skin lesion Localized skin lesion Localized skin lesion A lesion of the skin that is located in a specific region rather than being generalized. Localised skin lesion Localized skin lesion An abnormal amount of hair. UMLS:C4023397 UMLS:C4023401 Abnormal hair quantity Abnormality of hair density Abnormal hair quantity An abnormal amount of hair. Abnormal hair quantity Absence of the inner ear due to a developmental defect. SNOMEDCT_US:71973003 UMLS:C0266604 Absent inner ear Aplasia of the labyrinth Labyrinthine aplasia Michel deformity Aplasia of the inner ear is usually diagnosed on MR or CT imaging. Aplasia of the inner ear Absence of the inner ear due to a developmental defect. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dfitzpatrick Absent inner ear Incomplete formation of the cochlear partition. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani separated by the cochlear partition, except in the apical turn where the two scalae are in continuity via the helicotrema. UMLS:C4023392 Incomplete partition of the cochlea Incomplete formation of the cochlear partition. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani separated by the cochlear partition, except in the apical turn where the two scalae are in continuity via the helicotrema. Absence of the cochlea, a spiral shaped cavity in the inner ear, owing to a developmental defect. UMLS:C4023390 Absent cochlea Cochlear aplasia Absence of the cochlea, a spiral shaped cavity in the inner ear, owing to a developmental defect. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:dfitzpatrick Absent cochlea An abnormality of the function of the inner ear. UMLS:C4023382 Functional abnormality of the inner ear The inner ear comprises the cochlea, three semicircular canals and the vestibule (labyrinth), and is directly responsible for hearing. Additionally, the vestibule and semicircular canals function to maintain balance or equilibrium. Functional abnormality of the inner ear An abnormality of the function of the inner ear. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dfitzpatrick Functional abnormality of the inner ear A structural anomaly of the internal part of the ear. UMLS:C4023381 Morphological abnormality of the inner ear The inner ear contains the cochlea and the semicircular canals. Abnormal inner ear morphology A structural anomaly of the internal part of the ear. UMLS:C4023380 Morphological abnormality of the nerves of the inner ear Abnormal inner ear nerve morphology Absence or underdevelopment of the cochlea, a spiral shaped cavity in the inner ear, owing to a developmental defect. UMLS:C4023378 Absent/small cochlea Absent/underdeveloped cochlea Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cochlea Absence or underdevelopment of the cochlea, a spiral shaped cavity in the inner ear, owing to a developmental defect. Absent/small cochlea Absent/underdeveloped cochlea UMLS:C4023372 Abnormal umbilical cord blood vessels Abnormal umbilical cord blood vessel morphology SNOMEDCT_US:249174002 UMLS:C0426234 Placental calcification Calcified placenta Increased length of the umbilical cord. SNOMEDCT_US:237261008 UMLS:C0405028 Long umbilical cord Long umbilical cord Increased length of the umbilical cord. Long umbilical cord An increased consentration of zinc in the blood. UMLS:C0854520 UMLS:C0856208 Hyperzincemia Increased serum zinc An increased consentration of zinc in the blood. An finding upon obstetric ultrasound examination performed at around 16 to 20 weeks of gestation that is abnormal but not clearly identifiable as a fetal anatomic malformation or growth restriction. Such findings are known as soft markers since they are associated with increased risk for fetal aneuploidy or other disorders. UMLS:C4023366 Foetal ultrasound soft marker The screening ultrasound at 16 to 20 weeks should evaluate 8 markers, 5 of which (thickened nuchal fold, echogenic bowel, mild ventriculomegaly, echogenic focus in the heart, and choroid plexus cyst) are associated with an increased risk of fetal aneuploidy, and in some cases with nonchromosomal problems, while 3 (single umbilical artery, enlarged cisterna magna, and pyelectasis) are only associated with an increased risk of nonchromosomal abnormalities when seen in isolation (PMID:16100637). Fetal ultrasound soft marker An finding upon obstetric ultrasound examination performed at around 16 to 20 weeks of gestation that is abnormal but not clearly identifiable as a fetal anatomic malformation or growth restriction. Such findings are known as soft markers since they are associated with increased risk for fetal aneuploidy or other disorders. PMID:16100637 Foetal ultrasound soft marker An abnormality of the medulla oblongata, the lower half of the brainstem. UMLS:C4021148 Abnormality of the medulla oblongata Abnormality of the myencephalon The medulla oblongata, which is often referred to simply as the medulla, comprises the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures. Abnormal medulla oblongata morphology An abnormality of the medulla oblongata, the lower half of the brainstem. An anomaly of the control or production of movement in the central nervous system. UMLS:C4023354 Abnormality of central motor function Abnormal central motor function An anomaly of the control or production of movement in the central nervous system. UMLS:C4023353 Abnormality of coordination Coordination issue Abnormality of coordination Abnormality of coordination Coordination issue Cognitive, psychiatric, or memory anomaly. UMLS:C4023352 Abnormality of higher mental function This includes abnormalities in speech, mood, emotions, behavior, and cognition. Abnormality of mental function A type of infection of the central nervous system that can be regarded as a sign of a pathological susceptibility to infection. MSH:D002494 SNOMEDCT_US:128117002 UMLS:C0007684 Central nervous system infection Unusual CNS infection Central nervous system infection An abnormality of the function of the middle ear. UMLS:C4021846 Functional abnormality of the middle ear The middle ear comprises the tympanic cavity in the temporal bone of the skull behind the eardrum, and is separated from the outer ear by the ear drum. The tympanic cavity contains the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) that vibrate when exposed to sound, forming a chain that extends to the oval window of the inner ear and whose main function is to amplify sound. Additionally, the middle ear connects to the back of the throat and nose through the Eustachian tube. Functional abnormality of the middle ear An abnormality of the function of the middle ear. Functional abnormality of the middle ear A subjective manifestation of disease localized to the abdomen. UMLS:C0740651 Abdominal symptom Absence or underdevelopment of the gallbladder. UMLS:C4023344 Absent/small gallbladder Absent/underdeveloped gallbladder Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the gallbladder Absence or underdevelopment of the gallbladder. Absent/small gallbladder Absent/underdeveloped gallbladder A developmental defect in which the gallbladder fails to form. MSH:C562564 SNOMEDCT_US:86507001 UMLS:C0266251 Absent gallbladder Agenesis of the gallbladder Aplasia of the gallbladder Absent gallbladder A developmental defect in which the gallbladder fails to form. Absent gallbladder UMLS:C4023341 Abnormal shape of small intestinal villus Abnormality of small intestinal villus morphology Abnormal small intestinal villus morphology Abnormal shape of small intestinal villus The enteric villi are atrophic or absent. SNOMEDCT_US:275403002 SNOMEDCT_US:75581001 UMLS:C0267456 UMLS:C0554101 UMLS:C1833058 UMLS:C1859541 UMLS:C2677378 UMLS:C4020747 Atrophy of small intestinal villi Villous degeneration Biopsy shows villous atrophy Duodenal villous atrophy Small intestine biopsy shows villous atrophy Variable degree of villous atrophy Villous atrophy The enteric villi are atrophic or absent. Villous degeneration Biopsy shows villous atrophy Duodenal villous atrophy Small intestine biopsy shows villous atrophy Variable degree of villous atrophy An abnormality of the lacrimal punctum, an opening on the eyelid close to the medial canthus that drains tears from the conjunctival sac into the lacrimal duct in the same eyelid. UMLS:C4023337 Abnormality of the lacrimal punctum Abnormal lacrimal punctum morphology An abnormality of the lacrimal punctum, an opening on the eyelid close to the medial canthus that drains tears from the conjunctival sac into the lacrimal duct in the same eyelid. An abnormality of the lacrimal duct, a duct that drain tears from the conjunctiva, via the lacrimal puncta, into the lacrimal sac. UMLS:C1858567 Abnormality of the lacrimal canaliculus Abnormality of the lacrimal duct Abnormal lacrimal duct morphology An abnormality of the lacrimal duct, a duct that drain tears from the conjunctiva, via the lacrimal puncta, into the lacrimal sac. Abnormality of the lacrimal gland, i.e., of the almond-shaped gland that secretes the aqueous layer of the tear film for each eye. UMLS:C4023336 Abnormality of the lacrimal gland Abnormal lacrimal gland morphology Abnormality of the lacrimal gland, i.e., of the almond-shaped gland that secretes the aqueous layer of the tear film for each eye. Abnormality of the corneal endothelium, that is, the single layer of cells on the inner surface of the cornea. UMLS:C4023332 Abnormality of corneal endothelium Abnormal corneal endothelium morphology Abnormality of the corneal endothelium, that is, the single layer of cells on the inner surface of the cornea. Abnormal migration of corneal endothelium. UMLS:C4023331 Can be seen in posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy. Abnormal migration of corneal endothelium Abnormal migration of corneal endothelium. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_ncarter Abnormality of Descemet's membrane, which is the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. UMLS:C4023330 Abnormality of Descemet's membrane Abnormal Descemet membrane morphology Abnormality of Descemet's membrane, which is the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. An abnormality of the stroma of cornea, also known as the substantia propria of cornea. UMLS:C4023328 Abnormality of corneal stroma Abnormal corneal stroma morphology An abnormality of the stroma of cornea, also known as the substantia propria of cornea. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_ncarter Abnormality of the corneal epithelium, that is of the epithelial tissue that covers the front of the cornea. UMLS:C4023326 Abnormality of corneal epithelium Abnormal corneal epithelium morphology Abnormality of the corneal epithelium, that is of the epithelial tissue that covers the front of the cornea. An abnormal shape of the lens. UMLS:C4023314 Abnormality of lens shape Abnormality of lens shape An abnormal shape of the lens. Abnormality of lens shape Congenital defect characterized by underdevelopment of the tricuspid valve. Fyler:1720 UMLS:C4023294 Tricuspid valve hypoplasia Underdeveloped tricuspid valve Hypoplastic tricuspid valve Congenital defect characterized by underdevelopment of the tricuspid valve. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown Underdeveloped tricuspid valve Abnormally short chordae tendineae of the mitral valve. UMLS:C4023288 The chordae tendineae connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart. Short chordae tendineae of the mitral valve Abnormally short chordae tendineae of the mitral valve. An abnormality of the pulmonary situs, i.e., of the sidedness of the morphological right and left lungs, which is defined by characteristics such as the number of lobes per lung and the relationship of the pulmonary arteries to their bronchi. UMLS:C4023271 Abnormality of pulmonary situs Abnormal pulmonary situs morphology An abnormality of the pulmonary situs, i.e., of the sidedness of the morphological right and left lungs, which is defined by characteristics such as the number of lobes per lung and the relationship of the pulmonary arteries to their bronchi. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown A developmental defect of the pericardium with congenital onset. UMLS:C4023261 Congenital defect of the pericardium A developmental defect of the pericardium with congenital onset. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown No pericardium around the heart, occurring as a congenital defect, not the result of a surgical pericardectomy. Fyler:1910 SNOMEDCT_US:253732001 UMLS:C0345140 Absent pericardium Congenital absence of the pericardium Total absence of the pericardium No pericardium around the heart, occurring as a congenital defect, not the result of a surgical pericardectomy. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown Absent pericardium Congenital absence of the pericardium An abnormality of the coronary sinus, which is formed by the union of the great cardiac vein and the left marginal vein and terminates in the right atrium. The coronary sinus functions to o collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium of the heart and drain it into the right atrium. Fyler:2840 SNOMEDCT_US:253323000 UMLS:C0344680 Abnormality of the coronary sinus Abnormal coronary sinus morphology An abnormality of the coronary sinus, which is formed by the union of the great cardiac vein and the left marginal vein and terminates in the right atrium. The coronary sinus functions to o collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium of the heart and drain it into the right atrium. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown A venous pouch within the left ventricular wall, with a neck opening into the coronary sinus. SNOMEDCT_US:447661004 UMLS:C3163894 Diverticulum of the coronary sinus Coronary sinus diverticulum A venous pouch within the left ventricular wall, with a neck opening into the coronary sinus. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:DDD_dbrown PMID:3138904 An abnormality of the pulmonary veins. SNOMEDCT_US:111322000 SNOMEDCT_US:128585006 SNOMEDCT_US:199113001 UMLS:C0265914 Abnormality of lung veins The right superior, right inferior, left superior, and left inferior pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium. Abnormality of the pulmonary veins An abnormality of the pulmonary veins. Abnormality of lung veins An abnormality in the range and ease of motion of joints across their normal range. UMLS:C4023216 Abnormality of joint mobility An abnormality in the range and ease of motion of joints across their normal range. Any structural anomaly of the adrenal glands. UMLS:C4023213 Abnormality of adrenal morphology Abnormal adrenal morphology Any structural anomaly of the adrenal glands. A functional abnormality of the adrenal glands. UMLS:C4023212 Abnormality of adrenal physiology A functional abnormality of the adrenal glands. Absent development of the adrenal gland. MSH:C538429 SNOMEDCT_US:702615004 SNOMEDCT_US:83190008 UMLS:C0266273 Adrenal gland agenesis Absent development of the adrenal gland. An abnormality of the adenohypophysis, which is also known as the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. MSH:D010900 SNOMEDCT_US:399244003 UMLS:C0032002 UMLS:C4023206 Pituitary disease Abnormality of the anterior pituitary An abnormality of the adenohypophysis, which is also known as the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. An abnormality of the neurohypophysis, which is also known as the posterior lobe of the hypophysis. UMLS:C4023204 Abnormality of the neurohypophysis Abnormality of the posterior pituitary Abnormal posterior pituitary morphogenesis An abnormality of the neurohypophysis, which is also known as the posterior lobe of the hypophysis. Abnormality of the neurohypophysis Abnormal development of the neurohypophysis during embryonic growth and development. UMLS:C4021123 Neurohypophysis dysplasia Posterior pituitary dysplasia Posterior pituitary dysgenesis Abnormal development of the neurohypophysis during embryonic growth and development. Neurohypophysis dysplasia Absence of the neurohypophysis owing to a developmental defect. UMLS:C4023203 Neurohypophysis agenesis Posterior pituitary agenesis Absence of the neurohypophysis owing to a developmental defect. Neurohypophysis agenesis Underdevelopment of the neurohypophysis. UMLS:C4023202 Neurohypophysis hypoplasia Posterior pituitary hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the neurohypophysis. Neurohypophysis hypoplasia A structural abnormality of the parathyroid gland. UMLS:C4023199 Abnormality of the parathyroid morphology Abnormal parathyroid morphology A structural abnormality of the parathyroid gland. A functional abnormality of the parathyroid gland. Parathyroid issue UMLS:C4023198 Parathyroid dysfunction Abnormality of the parathyroid physiology A functional abnormality of the parathyroid gland. Parathyroid issue Parathyroid dysfunction Abnormal embryonic development of the parathyroid gland. UMLS:C4023197 Parathyroid dysgenesis Abnormal embryonic development of the parathyroid gland. A structural abnormality of the thyroid gland. UMLS:C4023195 Abnormal shape of thyroid gland Abnormality of thyroid morphology Abnormal thyroid morphology A structural abnormality of the thyroid gland. Abnormal shape of thyroid gland Neoplasm categorized according to type of histological abnormality. UMLS:C4023186 Neoplasm by histology Neoplasm categorized according to type of histological abnormality. Neoplasm categorized according to the anatomical site of origin of the neoplasm. UMLS:C4023185 Neoplasm by anatomical site Neoplasm categorized according to the anatomical site of origin of the neoplasm. UMLS:C4023183 Abnormality of facial soft tissue Anomaly of facial soft tissue Deformity of facial soft tissue Malformation of facial soft tissue Abnormality of facial soft tissue Abnormality of facial soft tissue Anomaly of facial soft tissue Deformity of facial soft tissue Malformation of facial soft tissue Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle. Small midface UMLS:C1853242 UMLS:C2673410 UMLS:C4280320 UMLS:C4280321 Decreased size of midface Flat midface Hypoplasia of midface Midface deficiency Midface hypoplasia Midface retrusion Midface, flat Retrusive midface Underdevelopment of midface Decreased projection of midface Hypotrophic midface Midface retrusion Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle. PMID:19125436 Small midface Decreased size of midface Midface deficiency Midface hypoplasia Midface retrusion Retrusive midface Underdevelopment of midface Decreased projection of midface Hypotrophic midface Visually assessable vertical indentation, cleft, or depression of the nasal bridge, ridge and tip. MSH:C535441 SNOMEDCT_US:204521002 UMLS:C0221363 UMLS:C4280318 UMLS:C4280319 Bifid nasal bridge Indentation or clefting of the nose Cleft nasal bridge Cleft nose Indented bridge of nose This is a bundled term, but as it is useful in practice it is kept here. If it is only an indentation or cleft of the nasal tip, this should be coded as Bifid nasal tip. Bifid nose Visually assessable vertical indentation, cleft, or depression of the nasal bridge, ridge and tip. PMID:19152422 Bifid nasal bridge Indentation or clefting of the nose Cleft nasal bridge Cleft nose Indented bridge of nose A functional abnormality of a skeletal muscle. UMLS:C4023182 Abnormality of muscle physiology Issue with muscle function Abnormal muscle physiology A functional abnormality of a skeletal muscle. Issue with muscle function A structural abnormality of a skeletal muscle. UMLS:C4023181 Abnormal muscle morphology Abnormality of muscle morphology Abnormally shaped muscle Issue with muscle structure Abnormal skeletal muscle morphology A structural abnormality of a skeletal muscle. Abnormally shaped muscle Issue with muscle structure Decreased intensity of the patellar reflex (also known as the knee jerk reflex). UMLS:C3277184 Decreased knee jerk reflex Decreased patellar reflexes Decreased patellar reflex Decreased intensity of the patellar reflex (also known as the knee jerk reflex). Decreased knee jerk reflex Decreased patellar reflexes An abnormality of one or more of the set of bones that make up the facial skeleton. SNOMEDCT_US:433096001 UMLS:C2315229 Abnormality of facial skeleton Anomaly of facial skeleton Abnormality of facial bones Anomaly of facial bones Deformity of facial skeleton Deformity of the facial bones Malformation of facial bones Malformation of facial skeleton The facial skeleton comprises the mandible, maxilla, frontal bone, nasal bones, and zygoma, as well as the inferior nasal concha, the lacrimal bones, the palatine bone, and the vomer. Abnormal facial skeleton morphology An abnormality of one or more of the set of bones that make up the facial skeleton. Abnormality of facial skeleton Anomaly of facial skeleton Abnormality of facial bones Anomaly of facial bones Deformity of facial skeleton Deformity of the facial bones Malformation of facial bones Malformation of facial skeleton Abnormality of the oral mucosa. UMLS:C4023170 Abnormality of lining of mouth Abnormality of mucosa of mouth Abnormality of oral mucosa Abnormality of oral mucous membrane Abnormal oral mucosa morphology Abnormality of the oral mucosa. Abnormality of lining of mouth Abnormality of mucosa of mouth Abnormality of oral mucous membrane A deviation from the normal count of T cells. UMLS:C4021113 Abnormal number of T cells Abnormality of T cell number Abnormal T cell count A deviation from the normal count of T cells. Abnormal number of T cells Abnormality of T cell number A functional anomaly of T cells. UMLS:C4023166 Abnormality of T cell physiology A functional anomaly of T cells. An abnormality of the form, structure, or size of the skeletal system. UMLS:C4023165 Abnormality of skeletal morphology Abnormally shaped skeletal Abnormal skeletal morphology An abnormality of the form, structure, or size of the skeletal system. Abnormally shaped skeletal An abnormality of the function of the skeletal system. UMLS:C4023164 Abnormality of musculoskeletal physiology Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology An abnormality of the function of the skeletal system. An abnormality of the appendicular skeletal system, consisting of the of the limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles. UMLS:C4023163 Abnormal appendicular skeleton morphology An abnormality of the appendicular skeletal system, consisting of the of the limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles. Any anomaly in the formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. MP:0008271 UMLS:C4023161 UMLS:C4280317 Abnormal bone maturation All bones are formed by the replacement by osteocytes of mesenchyme-derived connective tissue. Intramembranous ossification refers to the direct replacement of primitive mesenchyme with bone, and is responsible for bones such as the calvarium (e.g., frontals, parietals, interparietal) and the clavicula. In endochondral ossification, the mesenchyme differentiates into a cartilaginous intermediate, which serves as a template (anlange) that is subsequently removed and replaced by bone. Most bones are formed via endochondral ossification, including those at the base of the skull, the vertebral column, pectoral and pelvic regions and long bones of the extremities. A reduction in the amount of mineralized bone compared with that expected for a given developmental age. In clinicakl parlance, reduced ossification and delayed ossification are often used synonymously, but in principle a bone delayed ossification in a child can display normal ossification at a later developmental stage. The HPO will therefore treat poor, reduced, and decreased officiation as synonymous, and delayed ossification as a specific kind of reduced ossification. Abnormal bone ossification Any anomaly in the formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. PMID:18157903 MP:0008271 Abnormal bone ossification Abnormal bone maturation Any structural anomaly of the connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. UMLS:C4023158 Abnormal bone collagen fibril morphology Any structural anomaly of the connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. MP:0011642 Any anomaly in the formation of the bony substance of the sternum. UMLS:C1860243 Abnormal maturation of breastbone Sternal ossification center abnormalities Sternal ossification centre abnormalities The sternum develops from two cartilaginous bars, situated one on either side of the median plane and connected with the cartilages of the upper nine ribs of its own side. During development, the two cartilaginous bars fuse with each other to form the cartilaginous sternum. This in turn is ossified from six centers: one in the manubrium, four in the body of the sternum, and one in the xiphoid process. Abnormal sternal ossification Any anomaly in the formation of the bony substance of the sternum. Abnormal maturation of breastbone Sternal ossification centre abnormalities Any anomaly in the function of thrombocytes. UMLS:C0855740 Abnormal platelet function Any anomaly in the function of thrombocytes. Abnormal number of platelets per volume of blood. In a healthy adult, a normal platelet count is between 150,000 and 450,000 per microliter of blood. SNOMEDCT_US:165558001 UMLS:C0580317 Abnormal platelet count Abnormal number of platelets per volume of blood. In a healthy adult, a normal platelet count is between 150,000 and 450,000 per microliter of blood. An anomaly in platelet form, ultrastructure, or intracellular organelles. UMLS:C0855742 Abnormal shape of platelets Abnormal platelet morphology An anomaly in platelet form, ultrastructure, or intracellular organelles. Abnormal shape of platelets Anomalous size of platelets. Most normal sized platelets are 1.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter. Large platelets are 4 to 7 micrometers. Giant platelets are larger than 7 micrometers and usually 10 to 20 micrometers. UMLS:C4023152 Abnormal platelet volume Anomalous size of platelets. Most normal sized platelets are 1.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter. Large platelets are 4 to 7 micrometers. Giant platelets are larger than 7 micrometers and usually 10 to 20 micrometers. Average platelet volume above the upper limit of the normal reference interval. UMLS:C1096367 Large platelets Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of the average size of platelets, with a typical reference range of 7.5 to 11.5 femtoliters (fL). Increased mean platelet volume Average platelet volume above the upper limit of the normal reference interval. Large platelets The concentration of vitamin K in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. MSH:D014813 SNOMEDCT_US:52675005 UMLS:C0042880 Low levels of vitamin K Decreased circulating vitamin K concentration Number of leukocytes per volume of blood beyond normal limits. SNOMEDCT_US:165509000 UMLS:C0580531 Abnormal white blood cell count Abnormal leukocyte count Number of leukocytes per volume of blood beyond normal limits. Abnormal white blood cell count Anomaly in the level or the function of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of erythrocytes. UMLS:C0349705 Abnormal Hb Abnormal haemoglobin Abnormal hemoglobin Anomaly in the level or the function of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of erythrocytes. Abnormal Hb Abnormal haemoglobin An anomaly of a metacarpophalangeal joint. UMLS:C4023132 Abnormality of metacarpophalangeal joint Abnormality of the knuckle Abnormal metacarpophalangeal joint morphology An anomaly of a metacarpophalangeal joint. Abnormality of the knuckle An anomaly of the glenoid fossa, also known as the glenoid cavity, which is the articular surface of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus. UMLS:C4023131 Abnormality of the glenoid fossa An anomaly of the glenoid fossa, also known as the glenoid cavity, which is the articular surface of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus. Abnormal calcification in the cardiovascular system. UMLS:C4023128 Cardiovascular calcification Abnormal calcification in the cardiovascular system. Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the fifth toe. UMLS:C4021111 Short fifth toe Short little toe Short pinkie toe Short pinky toe Short 5th toe Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the fifth toe. Short little toe Short pinkie toe Short pinky toe One or more digit that appears disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot, whereby either the entire digit or a specific phalanx is shortened. UMLS:C1860176 UMLS:C4023124 Short digit Very short digits Note that the term brachydactyly is reserved for specific patterns of short digits, see HP:0001156. Short digit One or more digit that appears disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot, whereby either the entire digit or a specific phalanx is shortened. Short digit Very short digits Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of proximal phalanx of toe. UMLS:C4023123 Short innermost toe bone Short proximal phalanx of toe Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of proximal phalanx of toe. Short innermost toe bone An infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. MSH:D012141 SNOMEDCT_US:275498002 UMLS:C0035243 Respiratory infection Respiratory tract infection Respiratory infections Respiratory tract infection An infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Respiratory infection Respiratory tract infection Respiratory infections Any deviation from the normal concentration of citrulline in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023103 Citrulline is an alpha-amino acid that is a key intermediate in the urea cycle. Abnormal circulating citrulline concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of citrulline in the blood circulation. An increased concentration of citrulline in the blood. UMLS:C4023102 Elevated plasma citrulline An increased concentration of citrulline in the blood. A functional abnormality of neutrophils. UMLS:C4023093 Abnormality of neutrophil physiology A functional abnormality of neutrophils. A deviation from the normal range of neutrophil cell counts in the circulation. UMLS:C4023092 Abnormal neutrophil cell number Abnormal neutrophil count A deviation from the normal range of neutrophil cell counts in the circulation. An abnormal form or size of neutrophils. UMLS:C4023091 Abnormality of neutrophil morphology Abnormal neutrophil morphology An abnormal form or size of neutrophils. An abnormality of the interatrial septum. Fyler:2002 SNOMEDCT_US:253363004 UMLS:C0344722 Abnormal interatrial septum morphology Abnormality of the atrial septum Abnormal atrial septum morphology An abnormality of the interatrial septum. Abnormal interatrial septum morphology Elevated concentration of galactose in the urine. SNOMEDCT_US:71690006 UMLS:C0268157 Increased urinary galactose level Galactosuria Elevated concentration of galactose in the urine. Increased urinary galactose level Elevated concentration of galactose in the blood. MSH:D005693 SNOMEDCT_US:190745006 SNOMEDCT_US:190749000 UMLS:C0016952 UMLS:C4023071 Galactosemia Hypergalactosemia is used here to mean the increased concentration of galactose in the blood. Note that the word galactosemia is occasionally used with the same meaning but more commonly denotes the disease entity called galactosemia caused by mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene (MIM:230400). Hypergalactosemia Elevated concentration of galactose in the blood. Deviation from the normal concentration of ornithine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4023070 Ornithine is an amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. Ornithine is a naturally occurring, non-proteinogenic amino acid found in meat, fish, dairy and eggs. Abnormal circulating ornithine concentration Deviation from the normal concentration of ornithine in the blood circulation. Increased concentration of ornithine in the blood. MSH:D015799 SNOMEDCT_US:276426004 SNOMEDCT_US:33985005 UMLS:C0599035 High blood ornithine levels Hyperornithinemia Increased concentration of ornithine in the blood. High blood ornithine levels An abnormal concentration of a hormone in the urine. UMLS:C4023069 Abnormality of urine hormone level Abnormal urine hormone level An abnormal concentration of a hormone in the urine. Inability to elicit tendon reflexes in the upper limbs. UMLS:C2674177 Areflexia of upper limbs Inability to elicit tendon reflexes in the upper limbs. Increased concentration of disaccharide in the urine. UMLS:C4023062 Excess amount of disaccharides such as mannosyl-N-acetylglucosamine excreted in the urine. Increased urinary disaccharide excretion Increased concentration of disaccharide in the urine. An increased concentration of keratan sulfate in the urine. UMLS:C4023060 Keratan sulphate excretion in urine Keratan sulfate is a a glycosaminoglycan. Keratan sulfate excretion in urine An increased concentration of keratan sulfate in the urine. Keratan sulphate excretion in urine An increased concentration of chondroitin sulfate (CHEBI:37397) in the urine. UMLS:C4023059 Chondroitin sulphate excretion in urine Chondroitin sulfate refers to a class of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycan sulfates, which are widely distributed in cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate excretion in urine An increased concentration of chondroitin sulfate (CHEBI:37397) in the urine. Chondroitin sulphate excretion in urine Excretion of urine with an acid pH, i.e., having an increased hydrogen ion concentration. SNOMEDCT_US:21806007 UMLS:C0278026 Acidic urine Aciduria Excretion of urine with an acid pH, i.e., having an increased hydrogen ion concentration. Acidic urine An abnormally increased size of the cerebellum compared to other brain structures. UMLS:C3278024 Enlarged cerebellum An abnormally increased size of the cerebellum compared to other brain structures. Any abnormality of the size of the skeletal muscle cell. UMLS:C4023051 Abnormality of skeletal muscle fibre size Abnormality of skeletal muscle fiber size Any abnormality of the size of the skeletal muscle cell. Abnormality of skeletal muscle fibre size The presence of 10 or more white cells per cubic millimeter in a urine specimen, 3 or more white cells per high-power field of unspun urine, a positive result on Gram staining of an unspun urine specimen, or a urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase. MSH:D011776 SNOMEDCT_US:275765006 SNOMEDCT_US:4800001 UMLS:C0034359 High urine neutrophil count Leukocyturia Pyuria The presence of 10 or more white cells per cubic millimeter in a urine specimen, 3 or more white cells per high-power field of unspun urine, a positive result on Gram staining of an unspun urine specimen, or a urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase. PMID:25760357 High urine neutrophil count An anomaly in the surface contour of mitochondria. UMLS:C4023050 Abnormal mitochondrial shape An anomaly in the surface contour of mitochondria. MP:0011633 UMLS:C4023049 Abnormality of pancreas morphology Abnormally shaped pancreas Abnormal pancreas morphology Abnormally shaped pancreas An anomaly of the function of the pancreas. UMLS:C4023048 Abnormality of pancreas physiology An anomaly of the function of the pancreas. A functional anomaly of the acinar gland portion of the pancreas that secretes digestive enzymes. UMLS:C4021103 Abnormal exocrine pancreatic function Abnormality of exocrine pancreas physiology A functional anomaly of the acinar gland portion of the pancreas that secretes digestive enzymes. Abnormal exocrine pancreatic function A function abnormality of the endocrine pancreas. UMLS:C4023047 Abnormality of endocrine pancreas physiology A function abnormality of the endocrine pancreas. A deviation from the normal size of the pancreas. UMLS:C4023046 Abnormal pancreas size Abnormal pancreas size A deviation from the normal size of the pancreas. Abnormal pancreas size A deviation from the normal number of mitochondria per cell. UMLS:C4023043 Abnormal mitochondrial number A deviation from the normal number of mitochondria per cell. An anomaly of the mitochondrion, the membranous cytoplasmic organelle the interior of which is subdivided by cristae. The mitochondrion is a self replicating organelle that is the site of tissue respiration. UMLS:C4020732 UMLS:C4023042 Mitochondrial abnormalities Abnormality of the mitochondrion An anomaly of the mitochondrion, the membranous cytoplasmic organelle the interior of which is subdivided by cristae. The mitochondrion is a self replicating organelle that is the site of tissue respiration. Mitochondrial abnormalities Underdevelopment of the pons. UMLS:C1848529 Pontine hypoplasia Hypoplasia of the pons Underdevelopment of the pons. An abnormality of the concentration of a glucocorticoid in the blood. UMLS:C4023038 Abnormality of circulating glucocorticoid level An abnormality of the concentration of a glucocorticoid in the blood. A deviation from the normal concentration of creatine in the blood circulation. Creatine is a derivative of glycine having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen. Creatine is naturally produced from amino acids, primarily in liver and kidney, and acts as an energy source for cells, primarly for muscle cells. UMLS:C4020731 Abnormality of creatine metabolism Creatine metabolism abnormal Abnormal circulating creatine concentration A deviation from the normal concentration of creatine in the blood circulation. Creatine is a derivative of glycine having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen. Creatine is naturally produced from amino acids, primarily in liver and kidney, and acts as an energy source for cells, primarly for muscle cells. Abnormality of creatine metabolism Creatine metabolism abnormal Inflammation of the liver. MSH:D006505 SNOMEDCT_US:128241005 UMLS:C0019158 Liver inflammation Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver. Liver inflammation Deviation from normal concentration of albumin in the blood. UMLS:C4023036 Abnormal albumin level Abnormal circulating albumin concentration Deviation from normal concentration of albumin in the blood. Abnormal albumin level Elevation in the concentration of albumin in the blood. High albumin SNOMEDCT_US:119248009 UMLS:C1142113 High blood albumin levels Hyperalbuminaemia Hyperalbuminemia Elevation in the concentration of albumin in the blood. High albumin High blood albumin levels Increased concentration of uracil in the urine. UMLS:C4021833 High urine uracil levels Uraciluria Increased concentration of uracil in the urine. High urine uracil levels An anomaly of erythroid lineage cells, that is, of the erythropoietic cells in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. UMLS:C4020862 Abnormality of cells of the erythroid lineage Abnormal erythroid lineage cell morphology An anomaly of erythroid lineage cells, that is, of the erythropoietic cells in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. A deviation from the normal count of erythroid precursor cells, that is, erythroid lineage cells in the bone marrow. UMLS:C4023033 Abnormal number of erythroid precursors A deviation from the normal count of erythroid precursor cells, that is, erythroid lineage cells in the bone marrow. Increased count of erythroid precursor cells, that is, erythroid lineage cells in the bone marrow. UMLS:C0014800 UMLS:C1838111 UMLS:C3552917 Bone marrow biopsy shows erythroid hyperplasia Bone marrow smear shows erythroid hyperplasia Erythroid hyperplasia Increased count of erythroid precursor cells, that is, erythroid lineage cells in the bone marrow. Bone marrow biopsy shows erythroid hyperplasia Bone marrow smear shows erythroid hyperplasia Decreased count of erythroid precursor cells, that is, erythroid lineage cells in the bone marrow. MSH:D000741 SNOMEDCT_US:167923006 SNOMEDCT_US:41614006 UMLS:C0178416 UMLS:C0542035 Erythroblastopenia Erythroid hypoplasia in the bone marrow Erythroid hypoplasia Decreased count of erythroid precursor cells, that is, erythroid lineage cells in the bone marrow. Erythroid hypoplasia in the bone marrow An anomaly of cells involved in the formation of a granulocytes, that is, of the granulocytopoietic cell. UMLS:C4023031 Abnormality of cells of the granulocytic lineage Abnormal granulocytopoietic cell morphology An anomaly of cells involved in the formation of a granulocytes, that is, of the granulocytopoietic cell. UMLS:C4023029 Abnormal number of granulocyte precursors UMLS:C4023028 Granulocytic hyperplasia Decreased number of granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow. SNOMEDCT_US:416627004 UMLS:C1534864 Granulocytic hypoplasia Decreased number of granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow. Any structural anomaly of megakaryocytes. Mature blood platelets are released from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes, which are bone-marrow resident cells. UMLS:C4023026 Abnormality of cells of the megakaryocyte lineage Abnormal megakaryocyte morphology Any structural anomaly of a myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. UMLS:C4023025 Abnormal monocyte morphology UMLS:C4023024 Abnormality of multiple cell lineages in the bone marrow An decrease in the level of triglycerides in the blood. UMLS:C0542037 Decreased circulating Tg levels Decreased plasma Tg levels Low blood triglyceride levels Hypotriglyceridemia An decrease in the level of triglycerides in the blood. Decreased circulating Tg levels Decreased plasma Tg levels Low blood triglyceride levels A developmental defect resulting in the presence of fewer than the normal number of digits. UMLS:C3887496 Oligodactyly A developmental defect resulting in the presence of fewer than the normal number of digits. An anomaly of the natural killer cell, which is a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors. It also regulates immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. UMLS:C4021098 Abnormal NK cells Abnormality of natural killer cells Abnormal natural killer cell morphology An anomaly of the natural killer cell, which is a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors. It also regulates immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. PMID:21212348 Abnormal NK cells A functional anomaly of the natural killer cell. UMLS:C4023012 Abnormal natural killer cell physiology A functional anomaly of the natural killer cell. Reduced ability of the natural killer cell to function in the adaptive immune response. UMLS:C1839969 Reduced natural killer cell activity Reduced ability of the natural killer cell to function in the adaptive immune response. An increase in the concentration of bile acid in the blood. UMLS:C4023004 Increased serum bile acid concentration An increase in the concentration of bile acid in the blood. An anomaly of the mobility of ejaculated sperm. UMLS:C0855512 Abnormal sperm motility Abnormal sperm motility An anomaly of the mobility of ejaculated sperm. Abnormal sperm motility An abnormal reduction in the mobility of ejaculated sperm. UMLS:C4023002 Asthenospermia Asthenozoospermia Reduced sperm motility Reduced sperm motility An abnormal reduction in the mobility of ejaculated sperm. Reduced sperm motility Any structural anomaly of the kidney. Fyler:4512 SNOMEDCT_US:44513007 UMLS:C0266292 Abnormal kidney morphology Abnormally shaped kidney Kidney malformation Kidney structure issue Renal malformation Structural anomalies of the renal tract Structural kidney abnormalities Structural renal anomalies Abnormal renal morphology Any structural anomaly of the kidney. Abnormal kidney morphology Abnormally shaped kidney Kidney malformation Kidney structure issue Structural kidney abnormalities An abnormal functionality of the kidney. SNOMEDCT_US:39539005 UMLS:C0151746 Abnormal kidney function Abnormal renal function Abnormality of renal physiology Kidney function issue Renal functional abnormality Abnormal renal physiology An abnormal functionality of the kidney. Abnormal kidney function Abnormal renal function Kidney function issue Marked decrease in the number of granulocytes. UMLS:C0702094 Agranulocytosis is defined as an absolute neutrophil count less than 500 cells/microliter. Agranulocytosis Marked decrease in the number of granulocytes. A structural or developmental anomaly of any of the tissues involved in the genital system. UMLS:C4021096 Abnormal genital system morphology Abnormal reproductive system morphology A structural or developmental anomaly of any of the tissues involved in the genital system. MP:0002160 A structural anomaly of the respiratory system. Fyler:4235 UMLS:C4022992 Abnormal respiratory system morphology A structural anomaly of the respiratory system. Any structural anomaly of the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. UMLS:C4022991 Abnormal respiratory epithelium morphology Any structural anomaly of the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. MP:0010942 An abnormally reduced concentration of glycine in the blood. UMLS:C4022973 Low blood glycine levels Hypoglycinemia An abnormally reduced concentration of glycine in the blood. Low blood glycine levels Any deviation from the normal concentration of serine in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4022972 Abnormal circulating serine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of serine in the blood circulation. Reduced concentration of serine in the blood. UMLS:C4022971 Low blood serine levels Hyposerinemia Reduced concentration of serine in the blood. Low blood serine levels Reduced size of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. UMLS:C4022969 Small end part of innermost shankbone Small end part of innermost shinbone Small proximal tibial epiphyses Reduced size of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. Small end part of innermost shankbone Small end part of innermost shinbone An abnormal functionality of the hypothalamus. UMLS:C4022968 The hypothalamus is linked vascularly with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and thereby controls the secretion of pituitary hormones. Abnormal hypothalamus physiology An abnormal functionality of the hypothalamus. Any structural anomaly of the hypothalamus. UMLS:C4021095 Abnormal shape of hypothalamus Abnormality of hypothalamus morphology Abnormality of the hypothalamus The hypothalamus is a cone-shaped cerebral structure that projects downward, ending in the pituitary (infundibular) stalk, a tubular connection to the pituitary gland. It is linked vascularly with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and thereby controls the secretion of pituitary hormones. Abnormal hypothalamus morphology Any structural anomaly of the hypothalamus. Abnormal shape of hypothalamus Abnormality of the occipital bone of the skull. UMLS:C4022964 Abnormality of the occipital bone Abnormal occipital bone morphology Abnormality of the occipital bone of the skull. Increased length of the middle phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4022960 Long middle bone of finger Long middle phalanx of finger Increased length of the middle phalanx of finger. Long middle bone of finger Increased length of the distal phalanx of finger. UMLS:C4021865 Long outermost bone of finger Long distal phalanx of finger Increased length of the distal phalanx of finger. Long outermost bone of finger An anomaly of the arch of aorta. Fyler:2700 SNOMEDCT_US:448742006 UMLS:C3163801 Abnormality of the aortic arch Abnormal aortic arch morphology An anomaly of the arch of aorta. Underdevelopment of the arch of aorta. Fyler:2704 SNOMEDCT_US:60787001 UMLS:C0265881 Aortic arch hypoplasia Underdeveloped aortic arch Hypoplastic aortic arch Underdevelopment of the arch of aorta. Underdeveloped aortic arch An anomaly of the process of rib bone formation. UMLS:C4022957 Abnormal maturation of rib bones Abnormal rib ossification An anomaly of the process of rib bone formation. Abnormal maturation of rib bones An anomaly in the number of monocytes, which are myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. SNOMEDCT_US:165540007 SNOMEDCT_US:165541006 UMLS:C0580319 Abnormal monocyte number Abnormal monocyte count An anomaly in the number of monocytes, which are myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. An increased number of circulating monocytes. SNOMEDCT_US:19636003 UMLS:C0085702 High blood monocyte number Monocytosis An increased number of circulating monocytes. High blood monocyte number An decreased number of circulating monocytes. SNOMEDCT_US:165539005 UMLS:C0427544 Low blood monocyte number Monocytopenia An decreased number of circulating monocytes. Low blood monocyte number An anomaly of the celiac artery. UMLS:C4022954 Abnormal coeliac artery morphology Abnormality of the celiac artery Abnormality of the coeliac artery The celiac artery (celiac trunk or truncus coeliacus) is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Abnormal celiac artery morphology An anomaly of the celiac artery. Abnormal coeliac artery morphology Abnormality of the coeliac artery A structural abnormality of the autonomic nervous system. UMLS:C4022953 Abnormal autonomic nervous system morphology A structural abnormality of the autonomic nervous system. A functional abnormality of the autonomic nervous system. UMLS:C4022952 Autonomic dysfunction Autonomic dysregulation Dysautonomia Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology A functional abnormality of the autonomic nervous system. An abnormality of the metabolism of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9. UMLS:C4022951 Abnormality of folate metabolism An abnormality of the metabolism of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9. An anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium. MP:0001764 UMLS:C4022950 Abnormal homeostasis An anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium. MP:0001764 Abnormal homeostasis A decreased concentration of potassium(1+) in the urine. SNOMEDCT_US:54781007 UMLS:C0268024 Decreased urinary K Hypokaliuria Hypokaluria Low urine potassium levels Decreased urinary potassium A decreased concentration of potassium(1+) in the urine. Decreased urinary K Low urine potassium levels An abnormally decreased phosphate concentration in the urine. SNOMEDCT_US:91632005 UMLS:C0268077 Low urine phosphate levels Hypophosphaturia An abnormally decreased phosphate concentration in the urine. Low urine phosphate levels Absence of concavity or convexity of the face when viewed in profile. UMLS:C1853241 Flat face Flat facial profile Flat facial shape Flat facies A useful guide is to imagine that a line connecting the glabella to the anterior most part of the mandible touches the top of the philtrum where it meets the base of the columella. The glabella is the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose. If the superior philtrum is anterior to this line the face is convex, if the superior philtrum is posterior to this line the face is concave. Flat face Absence of concavity or convexity of the face when viewed in profile. PMID:19125436 Flat face Flat facial profile Flat facial shape Flat facies A structural anomaly of the globe of the eye, or bulbus oculi. Fyler:4863 UMLS:C4022925 Abnormal eye structure Abnormality of the globe Abnormally shaped eye previously: Abnormal globe morphology Abnormal eye morphology A structural anomaly of the globe of the eye, or bulbus oculi. Abnormal eye structure Abnormally shaped eye A functional anomaly of the eye. Abnormal vision physiology UMLS:C4022924 Abnormal eye physiology Abnormal eye physiology A functional anomaly of the eye. Abnormal eye physiology The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers or toes cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension. SNOMEDCT_US:29271008 UMLS:C0685409 Permanent flexion of the finger or toe Camptodactyly The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers or toes cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension. Permanent flexion of the finger or toe Reduced intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in the upper limbs. Reflexes are elicited by stretching the tendon of a muscle, e.g., by tapping. UMLS:C1836835 Hyporeflexia of upper limbs Reduced intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in the upper limbs. Reflexes are elicited by stretching the tendon of a muscle, e.g., by tapping. Reduced intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in jaw. UMLS:C4022918 Mandibular hyporeflexia The jaw jerk is elicited by the examiner placing the tip of the index finger on a relaxed jaw, one that is about one-third open. One then taps briskly on the index finger with the other hand and notes the speed as the mandible is flexed. Jaw hyporeflexia Reduced intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in jaw. Mandibular hyporeflexia An abnormality of the partial pressure of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. SNOMEDCT_US:312391003 UMLS:C0476337 Abnormal blood gas level Abnormal blood gas level An abnormality of the partial pressure of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Abnormal blood gas level An inflammation of the choroid and retina. MSH:D002825 SNOMEDCT_US:46627006 UMLS:C0008513 Chorioretinitis is a form of posterior uveitis. Note that the term Chorioretinitis suggests that the origin of the process is predominantly in the choroid while Retinitis suggests that the process is mainly in the retina. Chorioretinitis An inflammation of the choroid and retina. PMID:16196117 An abnormality of actions or reactions of a person taking place during interactions with others. UMLS:C4020726 UMLS:C4021087 Abnormal social behavior Abnormal social interactions Abnormal social behavior Abnormal social behavior Abnormal social interactions A structural anomaly of the gallbladder. UMLS:C4022904 Abnormal gallbladder structure Abnormal shape of gallbladder Abnormal gallbladder morphology A structural anomaly of the gallbladder. Abnormal gallbladder structure Abnormal shape of gallbladder A functional anomaly of the gallbladder. UMLS:C4022903 Abnormal gallbladder physiology A functional anomaly of the gallbladder. A functional abnormality of the biliary tree. UMLS:C4022902 Abnormal biliary tract physiology A functional abnormality of the biliary tree. A structural abnormality of the biliary tree. UMLS:C4021086 Anomaly of the biliary tract Abnormal biliary tract morphology A structural abnormality of the biliary tree. A structural abnormality of the brain, which has as its parts the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. UMLS:C4021085 Abnormal shape of brain Abnormality of brain morphology Abnormality of the brain Abnormal brain morphology A structural abnormality of the brain, which has as its parts the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Abnormal shape of brain Abnormality of the brain Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present. SNOMEDCT_US:278849000 SNOMEDCT_US:418143002 SNOMEDCT_US:52522001 UMLS:C0154671 UMLS:C0235946 Brain degeneration Brain wasting Brain atrophy Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present. Brain degeneration Brain wasting Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the tunica media of arteries. UMLS:C4022896 Medial arterial calcification causes stiffening and decreased compliance of the affected arteries. Medial arterial calcification Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the tunica media of arteries. An increased level of iron in liver tissues. UMLS:C4022891 Increased iron concentration in liver Increased liver iron level This abnormality can be measured by liver biopsy or by hepatic magnetic resonance imaging. Elevated hepatic iron concentration An increased level of iron in liver tissues. PMID:10922422 PMID:14668426 Increased iron concentration in liver Increased liver iron level An anomaly of cerebral veins. UMLS:C4022888 Abnormality of cerebral veins Abnormal cerebral vein morphology An anomaly of cerebral veins. Inflammation of the spinal cord. MSH:D009187 SNOMEDCT_US:41370002 UMLS:C0026975 Inflammation of spinal cord Myelitis Inflammation of the spinal cord. Inflammation of spinal cord Inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue. MSH:D015434 SNOMEDCT_US:22125009 UMLS:C0030326 Inflammation of adipose tissue Inflammation of fat tissue Panniculitis most commonly affects the skin and characterized by reddened subcutaneous nodules. Panniculitis Inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue. PMID:20666823 Inflammation of adipose tissue Inflammation of fat tissue An anomaly of the pituitary gland. MSH:D010900 SNOMEDCT_US:399244003 UMLS:C0032002 Abnormality of the pituitary gland disorder of pituitary gland Abnormal pituitary gland morphology An anomaly of the pituitary gland. A deviation from the normal size of the pituitary gland. UMLS:C4022874 Abnormal size of pituitary gland A deviation from the normal size of the pituitary gland. An abnormally increased size of the pituitary gland. SNOMEDCT_US:237718009 UMLS:C0342422 Enlarged pituitary gland An abnormally increased size of the pituitary gland. An abnormally decreased size of the pituitary gland. UMLS:C4022873 Small pituitary gland An abnormally decreased size of the pituitary gland. An anomaly of the circle of Willis, also known as the cerebral arterial circle. UMLS:C4022868 Abnormality of the cerebral arterial circle The circle of Willis is a circulatory anastomosis in the brain comprised of the anterior cerebral arteries, the anterior communicating artery, the internal carotid arteries, the posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior communicating arteries. Abnormal circle of Willis morphology An anomaly of the circle of Willis, also known as the cerebral arterial circle. Abnormality of the cerebral arterial circle A deviation from the normal discoid platelet shape. UMLS:C4022866 Abnormal platelet shape A deviation from the normal discoid platelet shape. An anomaly in the communication from a neuron to a target across a synapse. This is a four step process, comprising (i) synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters; (ii) neurotransmitter release; (iii) activation of postsynaptic receptors by the neurotransmitter; and (iv) inactivation of the neurotransmitter. Thus, this term is defined as an anomaly of neurotransmitter metabolic process. UMLS:C4021083 Abnormality of neurotransmitter metabolism Abnormal synaptic transmission An anomaly in the communication from a neuron to a target across a synapse. This is a four step process, comprising (i) synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters; (ii) neurotransmitter release; (iii) activation of postsynaptic receptors by the neurotransmitter; and (iv) inactivation of the neurotransmitter. Thus, this term is defined as an anomaly of neurotransmitter metabolic process. MP:0003635 Increased concentration of beta-alanine in the blood. UMLS:C4021080 High blood beta-alanine levels Hyperbetaalaninemia Hyperbeta-alaninemia Increased concentration of beta-alanine in the blood. High blood beta-alanine levels A structural anomaly of the nephron. UMLS:C4022838 Abnormality of the nephron Abnormal nephron morphology A structural anomaly of the nephron. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_fschaefer Atrophy of the kidney. SNOMEDCT_US:197659005 UMLS:C0341698 Kidney degeneration Renal atrophy Atrophy of the kidney. Kidney degeneration An abnormal amount of urine production. UMLS:C3693260 Abnormal urine output An abnormal amount of urine production. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl An abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the urine. UMLS:C4022833 Urinary electrolyte imbalance Abnormal urinary electrolyte concentration An abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the urine. PMID:25215103 Increased concentration of albumin in the urine. MSH:D000419 SNOMEDCT_US:274769005 UMLS:C0001925 Albuminuria Increased concentration of albumin in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_fschaefer An abnormal concentration of potassium(1+) in the urine. UMLS:C4022829 Abnormal urine K concentration Abnormal urine potassium concentration An abnormal concentration of potassium(1+) in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_fschaefer Abnormal urine K concentration An abnormal phosphate concentration in the urine. UMLS:C4022828 Abnormal urine phosphate concentration An abnormal phosphate concentration in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl An abnormal concentration of sodium in the urine. UMLS:C4022825 Abnormal urine Na concentration Abnormal urine Na+ levels Abnormal urine sodium concentration An abnormal concentration of sodium in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_fschaefer An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the urine. UMLS:C4022824 Low urine sodium levels Hyponatriuria An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl Low urine sodium levels An increased concentration of sodium(1+) in the urine. UMLS:C3671887 Increased urinary sodium Hypernatriuria An increased concentration of sodium(1+) in the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl An abnormal concentration of magnesium the urine. UMLS:C4022823 Abnormal urine magnesium concentration Abnormal urine magnesium concentration An abnormal concentration of magnesium the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl Abnormal urine magnesium concentration An increased concentration of magnesium the urine. UMLS:C2673443 Hypermagnesiuria An increased concentration of magnesium the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_fschaefer An decreased concentration of magnesium the urine. UMLS:C3203528 Decreased urine magnesium Low urine magnesium levels Hypomagnesiuria An decreased concentration of magnesium the urine. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_fschaefer Decreased urine magnesium Low urine magnesium levels Abnormal concentration of sulfate in the urine. UMLS:C4022821 Abnormal urinary sulphate concentration Abnormal urinary sulfate concentration Abnormal concentration of sulfate in the urine. Abnormal urinary sulphate concentration Elevated concentration of SO4(2-), i.e., sulfate, in the urine. UMLS:C4022820 Increased urinary sulphate Increased urinary sulfate Elevated concentration of SO4(2-), i.e., sulfate, in the urine. Increased urinary sulphate An anomalous finding in the examination of the urine for cells. SNOMEDCT_US:310439007 UMLS:C0587955 Abnormal urine cytology An anomalous finding in the examination of the urine for cells. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:Eurenomics_ewuehl A developmental anomaly associated with the failure of rectum, vagina, and bladder to separate. UMLS:C4022816 Cloacal abnormality A developmental anomaly associated with the failure of rectum, vagina, and bladder to separate. A functional anomaly of the nervous system. UMLS:C4022811 Abnormality of nervous system physiology Abnormal nervous system physiology A functional anomaly of the nervous system. A structural anomaly of the nervous system. Fyler:4135 Fyler:4300 UMLS:C4022810 Abnormal shape of nervous system Abnormality of nervous system morphology Abnormal nervous system morphology A structural anomaly of the nervous system. Abnormal shape of nervous system Increase in size of a peripheral nerve. This finding can be appreciated by palpation along the axis of the nerve. UMLS:C2675074 Enlarged peripheral nerves This feature can be appreciated by imaging studies (magnetic resonancy tomography), by palpation along the axis of a nerve, and by biopsy, and may be caused by axonal swelling or by myelin thickening. The differential diagnosis of enlarged peripheral nerves includes leprosy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1 (about 30% of patients), but not type 2 (the axonal form), some other polyneuropathies, neurofibromatosis, and nerve tumors. A good review is available in Practical Neurology, 2003,3:40-45 by Michael Donaghy (no pubmed id). Enlarged peripheral nerve Increase in size of a peripheral nerve. This finding can be appreciated by palpation along the axis of the nerve. Enlarged peripheral nerves Any anomaly of the inflammatory response, a response to injury or infection characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. UMLS:C4022805 Abnormal inflammatory response Abnormal inflammatory response Any anomaly of the inflammatory response, a response to injury or infection characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. Abnormal inflammatory response An abnormal reduction in the inflammatory response to injury or infection. UMLS:C4022804 Decreased inflammatory response Decreased inflammatory response An abnormal reduction in the inflammatory response to injury or infection. Decreased inflammatory response A abnormal increase in the inflammatory response to injury or infection. UMLS:C4022803 Increased inflammatory response A abnormal increase in the inflammatory response to injury or infection. An abnormal build up of iron (Fe) in brain tissue. UMLS:C4021076 Brain iron deposition Iron accumulation in brain Iron accumulation in brain An abnormal build up of iron (Fe) in brain tissue. Iron accumulation in brain An anomaly of the pineal gland,a small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin. UMLS:C4022783 Abnormality of the pineal gland An anomaly of the pineal gland,a small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin. A structural abnormality of the pineal gland. UMLS:C4022782 Abnormality of pineal morphology The pineal gland typically measures 7 x 6 x 3mm in size and is located in a groove between the laterally placed thalamic bodies. Abnormal pineal morphology A structural abnormality of the pineal gland. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang Accumulation of calcium salts in the pineal gland. UMLS:C1398718 This feature can be appreciated on skull radiography. Pineal gland calcification Accumulation of calcium salts in the pineal gland. An abnormal increase or decrease in the quantity of three-dimensional space taken up by the pineal gland. UMLS:C4022781 This feature is typically assessed by magnetic resonance tomography of the brain. Abnormal pineal volume An abnormal increase or decrease in the quantity of three-dimensional space taken up by the pineal gland. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang An abnormal reduction in the quantity of three-dimensional space taken up by the pineal gland. UMLS:C4022780 Decreased pineal volume An abnormal reduction in the quantity of three-dimensional space taken up by the pineal gland. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang PMID:24456088 An abnormal elevation in the quantity of three-dimensional space taken up by the pineal gland. UMLS:C4022779 Increased pineal volume An abnormal elevation in the quantity of three-dimensional space taken up by the pineal gland. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang A functional abnormality of the pineal gland. UMLS:C4022778 Abnormality of pineal physiology A functional abnormality of the pineal gland. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang A structural abnormality of a diaphysis of the leg. UMLS:C4022767 Anomaly of shaft of long bone of lower limb Anomaly of lower limb diaphyses A structural abnormality of a diaphysis of the leg. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang Anomaly of shaft of long bone of lower limb A functional anomaly of the large intestine. UMLS:C4022766 Abnormal large intestine physiology A functional anomaly of the large intestine. Abnormal structure of the gastrointestinal tract. UMLS:C4021073 Abnormal shape of the digestive system Morphological abnormality of the GI tract Morphological abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract Morphological anomaly of the digestive system Abnormal gastrointestinal tract morphology Abnormal structure of the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormal shape of the digestive system Morphological abnormality of the GI tract Abnormal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. UMLS:C4022755 Functional abnormality of the GI tract GI dysfunction Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract Abnormal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. Functional abnormality of the GI tract GI dysfunction A vascular malformation resulting from a developmental error of venous tissue composed of dysmorphic channels lined by flattened endothelium and exhibiting slow turnover. A venous malformation may present as a blue patch on the skin ranging to a soft blue mass. Venous malformations are easily compressible and usually swell in thewhen venous pressure increases (e.g., when held in a dependent position or when a child cries). They may be relatively localized or quite extensive within an anatomic region. SNOMEDCT_US:297222002 UMLS:C2937220 Venous malformations Venous malformations are always present at birth, and usually involve the skin of the face, limbs, or trunk. Venous malformation A vascular malformation resulting from a developmental error of venous tissue composed of dysmorphic channels lined by flattened endothelium and exhibiting slow turnover. A venous malformation may present as a blue patch on the skin ranging to a soft blue mass. Venous malformations are easily compressible and usually swell in thewhen venous pressure increases (e.g., when held in a dependent position or when a child cries). They may be relatively localized or quite extensive within an anatomic region. Venous malformations Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse occurring anywhere along the conduction pathway. MSH:D006327 SNOMEDCT_US:233916004 UMLS:C0018794 Heart block Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse occurring anywhere along the conduction pathway. An abnormality of the anus or rectum. MSH:D000071056 SNOMEDCT_US:33225004 UMLS:C3495676 Anorectal anomaly An abnormality of the anus or rectum. A discrete abnormal tissue mass that protrudes into the lumen of the small intestine and is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or a broad base. SNOMEDCT_US:399723004 UMLS:C1302645 Small intestinal polyp A discrete abnormal tissue mass that protrudes into the lumen of the small intestine and is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or a broad base. Excessive fat around the stomach and abdomen. MSH:D056128 SNOMEDCT_US:248311001 UMLS:C0311277 Abdominal obesity Central obesity Abdominal obesity Excessive fat around the stomach and abdomen. Abdominal obesity Central obesity Failure of the femur to develop. SNOMEDCT_US:47276000 UMLS:C0265629 Absent femur Absent thighbone Aplasia of the femur Femoral aplasia Failure of the femur to develop. Absent thighbone A structural anomaly of a neuron. Neurons are electrically excitable cells that transmit signals throughout the body. Neurons employ both electrical and chemical components in the transmission of information. Neurons are connected to other neurons at synapses and connected to effector organs or cells at neuroeffector junctions. UMLS:C4022739 Abnormal neuron shape Abnormal neuronal morphology Abnormal neuron morphology A structural anomaly of a neuron. Neurons are electrically excitable cells that transmit signals throughout the body. Neurons employ both electrical and chemical components in the transmission of information. Neurons are connected to other neurons at synapses and connected to effector organs or cells at neuroeffector junctions. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:KI_phemming PMID:28723006 Abnormal neuron shape A reduced ability to participate in the back-and-forth flow of social interaction appropriate to culture and developmental level, which is normally characterized by an influence of the behavior of one person on the behavior of another person. This results in difficulty interacting with others through emotional, physical, or verbal communication. UMLS:C4022736 Impaired social interaction Impaired social interactions Impaired social reciprocity Poor social interactions Reduced friendship reciprocity Reciprocity can be assessed by determining the extent to which a child demonstrates activity similar to that of peers or of the examiner (e.g., playing the same game), shows turn-taking behavior, or recognizes the intentions of the other person and contributes to an activity that a peer or the examiner has initiated. In the diagnostic process, it may be difficult to decide whether limitations in social behavior of children with intellectual disability (ID) are due to a co-occurring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are often unduly attributed to the ID, a phenomenon also known as diagnostic overshadowing. This term is intended to apply to impaired social reciprocity that is not attributed to ID. Reduced social reciprocity A reduced ability to participate in the back-and-forth flow of social interaction appropriate to culture and developmental level, which is normally characterized by an influence of the behavior of one person on the behavior of another person. This results in difficulty interacting with others through emotional, physical, or verbal communication. PMID:28707360 Impaired social reciprocity Poor social interactions A deviation from normal size of the placenta. UMLS:C4022732 Abnormal placental size A deviation from normal size of the placenta. A structural anomaly of the ciliary body. UMLS:C4022726 Abnormality of the ciliary body Abnormal ciliary body morphology A structural anomaly of the ciliary body. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:CINEAS_asollie Chronic loss of joint motion in a finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. UMLS:C1857304 Flexion deformity of finger Note that the term camptodactyly refers to a painless flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and not to a finger joint contracture in general. Flexion contracture of finger Chronic loss of joint motion in a finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. An anomaly of the process of formation of bone in the humerus. UMLS:C4022722 Abnormal maturation of long bone in upper arm Abnormal humeral ossification An anomaly of the process of formation of bone in the humerus. Abnormal maturation of long bone in upper arm A lack of bone mineralization of one or more body of thoracic vertebra. UMLS:C4022721 Absent ossification of thoracic vertebral bodies A lack of bone mineralization of one or more body of thoracic vertebra. Underdevelopment of part or all of the female external reproductive organs (which include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin glands, and clitoris). UMLS:C4022715 Underdeveloped female external genitalia Hypoplastic female external genitalia Underdevelopment of part or all of the female external reproductive organs (which include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin glands, and clitoris). Underdeveloped female external genitalia Inflammation of the myocardium. MSH:D009205 SNOMEDCT_US:50920009 UMLS:C0027059 Inflammation of heart muscle Myocarditis can be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral infections. Enteroviruses, especially coxsackievirus B, and adenovirus and parvovirus B19 are often associated with acute myocarditis. Exposure to drug treatment, physical stimuli such as radiation and heat, metabolic disorders, immune disorders, and pregnancy are also causes of myocarditis. Many cases of myocarditis are idiopathic. Myocarditis presents with non-specific symptoms including chest pain, dyspnea, and palpitations, and thus often mimics more common disorders such as coronary artery disease. In some patients, cardiac MRI and endomyocardial biopsy can help identify myocarditis, predict risk of cardiovascular events, and guide treatment. Myocarditis Inflammation of the myocardium. PMID:21304213 PMID:22185868 PMID:22361396 Inflammation of heart muscle Any structural anomaly of a reproductive cell. UMLS:C4022704 Abnormal shape of a reproductive cell Abnormally shaped germ cell Abnormally shaped reproductive cell Abnormal germ cell morphology Any structural anomaly of a reproductive cell. Abnormally shaped reproductive cell A structural anomaly of a male reproductive cell. UMLS:C4022703 Abnormal male germ cell morphology A structural anomaly of a male reproductive cell. A structural anomaly of sperm. MSH:D000072660 SNOMEDCT_US:236817003 UMLS:C0403824 Abnormal shape of sperm Teratospermia Teratozoospermia Abnormal sperm morphology A structural anomaly of sperm. Abnormal shape of sperm An abnormal functionality of the male genital system. UMLS:C4020716 Abnormal male genital system physiology Abnormal male reproductive system physiology An abnormal functionality of the male genital system. Abnormality in the process of ejection of semen (usually carrying sperm) from the male reproductive tract. SNOMEDCT_US:386674000 UMLS:C2937350 Abnormal ejaculation Abnormality in the process of ejection of semen (usually carrying sperm) from the male reproductive tract. Difficulty of a male in achieving orgasm. SNOMEDCT_US:15405008 UMLS:C0234047 Delayed ejaculation Retarded ejaculation Difficulty of a male in achieving orgasm. PMID:24528812 Delayed ejaculation Inability to ejaculate. SNOMEDCT_US:248782001 SNOMEDCT_US:42288005 UMLS:C0278106 Ejaculatory incompetence Anejaculation Inability to ejaculate. PMID:24528812 An anomaly of the neck of the uterus (lower part of the uterus), called the uterine cervix. UMLS:C4022694 Abnormality of the uterine cervix Abnormal uterine cervix morphology An anomaly of the neck of the uterus (lower part of the uterus), called the uterine cervix. Hypertrophy of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). UMLS:C4022691 UMLS:C4280307 Increased size of facial muscles Large facial muscles Hyperplasia of facial muscles Facial muscle hypertrophy Hypertrophy of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang Increased size of facial muscles Large facial muscles Hyperplasia of facial muscles Muscle hypertrophy affecting the muscles of the neck. Increased size of neck muscles UMLS:C4022690 UMLS:C4280306 Hypertrophy of cervical muscles Large neck muscles Overgrowth of neck muscles Hyperplasia of neck muscles Neck muscle hypertrophy Muscle hypertrophy affecting the muscles of the neck. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang Increased size of neck muscles Hypertrophy of cervical muscles Large neck muscles Overgrowth of neck muscles Hyperplasia of neck muscles Muscle hypertrophy affecting the scapular muscles. UMLS:C4022688 Scapular muscle hypertrophy Muscle hypertrophy affecting the scapular muscles. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:UToronto_htrang A coloboma of the ciliary body. UMLS:C4072884 Ciliary body coloboma Any structural anomaly of a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. 2017-12-22T14:32:10Z Abnormal myeloid cell morphology Any functional abnormality of erythrocytes (red-blood cells). 2018-09-28T23:39:07Z Abnormal erythrocyte physiology Any deviation from the normal concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. 2018-09-28T23:52:35Z Abnormal Hb concentration Abnormal haemoglobin concentration Abnormal hemoglobin concentration Abnormal Hb concentration Abnormal haemoglobin concentration Any deviation from the normal number of eosinophils per volume in the blood circulation. 2018-10-17T13:48:52Z Abnormal eosinophil count Any deviation of the concentration of one or more proteins in the urine. Abnormal urine protein level 2016-08-12T11:24:56Z Abnormal vascular morphology A structural anomaly of the tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules and whose walls act as semipermeable membranes that mediate the diffusion of fluids and gases between the blood circulation and body tissues. 2016-08-12T11:42:27Z Abnormal capillary morphology A functional anomaly of the tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules and whose walls act as semipermeable membranes that mediate the diffusion of fluids and gases between the blood circulation and body tissues. 2016-08-12T11:56:48Z Abnormal capillary physiology 2016-08-27T13:44:32Z Any anomaly of the digestive system, a collection of organs that is made up of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The gastrointestinal tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. Abnormality of the digestive system A functional anomaly of the digestive system. 2016-08-27T13:58:05Z Abnormality of digestive system physiology A structural anomaly of the digestive system. 2016-08-27T13:58:23Z Abnormality of digestive system morphology Abnormal digestive system morphology Abnormal form of the progenitor cells committed to the erythroid lineage. 2016-09-02T11:14:05Z Abnormal morphology of erythroid progenitor cell Anomalous form of the proerythroblast, i.e., the immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. 2016-09-02T11:16:54Z Abnormal proerythroblast morphology Partial or complete wasting (loss) of hypothalamus tissue that was once present. 2016-09-26T09:07:40Z Atrophy of the hypothalamus Hypothalamic atrophy Passage of many stools containing blood. 2016-10-15T13:58:14Z Blood in stool Bloody stool Bloody bowel movement Bloody diarrhea Diarrhea that contains bright red or maroon-colored blood may be referred to as hematochezia, while melena is used to describe black, tarry, and smelly diarrhea. Bloody diarrhea Blood in stool Bloody stool Bloody bowel movement Bloody diarrhea Structural abnormality of the hypothalamus related to defective development. 2016-10-28T06:41:35Z Hypothalamic dysgenesis Note that the term hypothalamic dysgenesis is generally used to refer to a morphological abnormality of the hypothalamus that is of presumed developmental (rather than acquired) origin. Dysgenesis of the hypothalamus A structural anomaly of the mucous lining of the small intestine. 2016-11-15T11:57:47Z Abnormal small intestinal mucosa morphology Ectopic deposition of calcium salts found in the gingiva. 2016-11-27T14:27:44Z Gingival calcifications Gingival calcification Ectopic deposition of calcium salts found in the gingiva. PMID:25928877 A functional anomaly of the hepatobiliary system 2016-12-04T12:05:04Z Abnormality of hepatobiliary system physiology Any physiological abnormality of the esophagus. 2016-12-18T13:39:06Z Abnormality of esophagus physiology Abnormality of oesophagus physiology Functional abnormality of the esophagus Functional abnormality of the oesophagus Abnormal esophagus physiology Abnormality of oesophagus physiology Functional abnormality of the oesophagus An anomaly of arterial function. 2017-02-03T12:08:38Z Abnormal arterial physiology An anomaly of the margin of the cornea overlapped by the sclera. 2017-02-12T23:58:19Z Abnormality of the corneal limbus Abnormal corneal limbus morphology An anomaly of cellular morphology or physiology. 2017-02-13T00:29:35Z Abnormal cellular phenotype Abnormal bone tissue formation (ossification) affecting the sacrum. 2017-02-20T14:45:33Z Abnormal ossification of the sacrum Any anomaly of the structure of the spleen. 2017-04-23T10:55:52Z Splenic lesion Abnormal spleen morphology Any anomaly of the function of the spleen. 2017-04-23T10:56:59Z Abnormal spleen physiology Any anomaly of the structure of the larynx. 2017-04-23T12:44:49Z Abnormal larynx morphology Any anomaly of the function of the larynx. 2017-04-23T12:46:36Z Abnormal larynx physiology Any structural anomaly of the bronchi, i.e., of the airways leading from the trachea to the lungs. 2017-04-23T12:50:43Z Abnormality of the bronchi Abnormal bronchus morphology Any anomaly of the function of the bronchi. 2017-04-23T12:51:32Z Abnormal bronchus physiology Inflammation (due to infection or irritation) of the pharynx. 2017-04-24T00:03:24Z Pharyngitis Any deviation from the normal range of concentration of a metabolite in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2017-05-05T10:24:32Z Abnormal CSF metabolite level Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid metabolite concentration Abnormal CSF metabolite concentration Abnormal CSF metabolite level Any deviation from the normal range of a protein concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2017-05-05T10:32:59Z Abnormal CSF protein level Abnormal CSF protein concentration CSF total protein level is below the lower limit of normal. 2017-05-05T10:34:12Z Decreased CSF protein Decreased cerebrospinal fluid total protein Hypoproteinorrhachia Low CSF total protein Decreased CSF protein concentration CSF total protein level is below the lower limit of normal. PMID:27388694 Low CSF total protein CSF albumin level is below the lower limit of normal. 2017-05-05T10:46:15Z Low CSF albumin Decreased CSF albumin concentration CSF albumin level is below the lower limit of normal. PMID:27388694 Low CSF albumin Any anomaly of cell structure. 2017-05-07T11:14:54Z Abnormal cell morphology An abnormality of the processes that maintain the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell, that is, the balance between reduction and oxidation chemical reactions. 2017-05-07T11:17:15Z Abnormality of redox activity Any structural anomaly of the bladder. 2017-05-14T17:07:03Z Abnormality of bladder morphology Abnormal bladder morphology A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of two bladders. 2017-05-14T17:16:59Z Bladder duplication A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of two bladders. PMID:25657554 Abnormal increased in length of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve. 2017-05-17T23:42:26Z Elongated chordae tendinae of the mitral valve A structural anomaly of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve, whose main function is to transmit the contraction and relaxation of the papillary muscles during the cardiac cycle, thus ensuring the closing of the leaflets of the mitral valve. 2017-05-17T23:44:02Z Abnormal morphology of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve A structural anomaly of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve, whose main function is to transmit the contraction and relaxation of the papillary muscles during the cardiac cycle, thus ensuring the closing of the leaflets of the mitral valve. PMID:23304176 Any structural anomaly of the principal vein draining blood from the upper portion of the body and delivering it to the right ventricle of the heart. 2017-12-15T23:00:56Z Fyler:2820 Abnormal superior vena cava morphology Any structural anomaly of the principal vein draining blood from the upper portion of the body and delivering it to the right ventricle of the heart. MP:0006064 Any structural anomaly of the principal vein draining blood from the lower portion of the body. 2017-12-15T23:02:17Z Fyler:2810 Abnormal inferior vena cava morphology Any structural anomaly of the principal vein draining blood from the lower portion of the body. MP:0006063 Any structural abnormality of the left atrium. 2017-12-15T23:54:09Z Fyler:3010 Abnormal left atrium morphology Any structural abnormality of the right atrium. 2017-12-15T23:56:01Z Fyler:1770 Abnormal right atrium morphology A structural abnormality of the ureter. The ureter is the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. 2019-04-26T17:40:47Z Abnormal ureter morphology A functional abnormality of the ureter. The ureter is the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. 2019-04-26T17:43:08Z Abnormal ureter physiology A growth protruding from the mucous membrane of the ureter. Ureteral polyps can be attached to the ureter by a broad base or a thin stalk. 2019-04-26T17:44:45Z NCIT:C4530 Polyp of the ureter Ureter polyp Ureteral polyp A growth protruding from the mucous membrane of the ureter. Ureteral polyps can be attached to the ureter by a broad base or a thin stalk. NCIT:C4530 Any structural anomaly of the neck region. Abnormal neck morphology Congenital absence of the uterine cervix. SNOMEDCT_US:37687000 UMLS:C0266404 Absent cervix Aplasia of the cervix Cervical aplasia Cervical agenesis Absent cervix UMLS:C4020714 UMLS:C4022678 Abnormal female reproductive system physiology Abnormal female genital system physiology Abnormal female reproductive system physiology Abnormal female reproductive system physiology Abnormal female genital system physiology A morphological anomaly of the nasal cartilage. UMLS:C4022670 Abnormality of cartilage of nose Abnormality of the nasal cartilage Anomaly of cartilage of nose Anomaly of nasal cartilage Deformity of cartilage of nose Deformity of nasal cartilage Malformation of cartilage of nose Malformation of nasal cartilage Abnormal nasal cartilage morphology Abnormality of cartilage of nose Abnormality of the nasal cartilage Anomaly of cartilage of nose Anomaly of nasal cartilage Deformity of cartilage of nose Deformity of nasal cartilage Malformation of cartilage of nose Malformation of nasal cartilage Lack of a palpable nasal cartilage. MSH:C562753 SNOMEDCT_US:232381002 UMLS:C4022669 UMLS:C4082198 Absent cartilage of nose Absent nasal cartilage Agenesis of cartilage of nose Agenesis of nasal cartilage Failure of development of cartilage of nose Failure of development of nasal cartilage Missing cartilage of nose Missing nasal cartilage This feature may be accompanied by a deficiency of the nasal bone. Absence of the nasal cartilage may lead to a Depressed nasal tip, which should be coded separately. Absent nasal cartilage Lack of a palpable nasal cartilage. PMID:19152422 eom:73e4e8bb2eec316d Absent cartilage of nose Absent nasal cartilage Agenesis of cartilage of nose Agenesis of nasal cartilage Failure of development of cartilage of nose Failure of development of nasal cartilage Missing cartilage of nose Missing nasal cartilage Incomplete duplication of the ureter. UMLS:C3887498 Bifid ureter Incomplete duplication of the ureter. PMID:23513084 A bent (flexed) finger or toe joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints. UMLS:C1839864 Flexion contracture of digit A morphological anomaly of the lateral ventricle. UMLS:C4022662 Abnormality of lateral ventricle There are two lateral ventricles, one on each side of the brain. The lateral ventricle resembles a C-shaped structure that begins at an inferior horn in the temporal lobe, travels through a body in the parietal lobe and frontal lobe, and ultimately terminates at the interventricular foramen of Monro where each lateral ventricle connects to the central third ventricle. Abnormal lateral ventricle morphology An anomalous amount of protein present in or on the surface of muscle fibers. This feature may be appreciate upon immunohistochemical investigation of muscle biopsy tissue. UMLS:C4022653 Abnormal muscle fibre protein expression Abnormal muscle fiber protein expression Abnormal muscle fibre protein expression An anomaly of the inner mucous membrane of the uterus. UMLS:C4022620 Abnormality of the endometrium Abnormal endometrium morphology An anomaly of the inner mucous membrane of the uterus. A structural anomaly of the liver located predominantly in the hepatocytes as opposed to stromal cells. UMLS:C4022605 Abnormal liver parenchyma morphology A structural anomaly of the liver located predominantly in the hepatocytes as opposed to stromal cells. PMID:11157536 Inflammation of the biliary ductal system, affecting the intrahepatic or extrahepatic portions, or both. MSH:D002761 SNOMEDCT_US:82403002 UMLS:C0008311 Bile duct inflammation Cholangitis is characterized by biliary epithelial damage with inflammatory cell infiltration. Some cholangitis is also associated with ductal and periductal fibrosis. Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system, affecting the intrahepatic or extrahepatic portions, or both. PMID:21994886 Bile duct inflammation Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane of the endocervix. MSH:D002583 SNOMEDCT_US:123841004 SNOMEDCT_US:65576009 UMLS:C0007855 UMLS:C0007873 Cervical tumor Cervical tumour Cervical polyp Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane of the endocervix. PMID:21270291 Cervical tumor Cervical tumour Abnormally large size of glomeruli. UMLS:C4022604 Glomeruli enlarged Glomerulomegaly is a histologic finding that can be present in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, congenital cyanotic heart disease, morbid obesity associated with sleep apnea syndrome, sickle cell disease, and polycythemic states. Glomerulomegaly Abnormally large size of glomeruli. PMID:21115671 PMID:9402101 Abnormality of vascular function. UMLS:C4022603 Abnormal vascular physiology Abnormality of vascular function. Abnormalities of the overall muscle bulk based on clinical observation. UMLS:C4022563 Abnormality of muscle size Abnormality of muscle size Abnormalities of the overall muscle bulk based on clinical observation. Abnormality of muscle size Underdevelopment of the deltoid muscle. UMLS:C1868170 Deltoid muscle hypoplasia Hypoplasia of deltoid muscle Underdevelopment of the deltoid muscle. Thrombosis of the portal vein and/or its tributaries, which include the splenic vein and the superior and inferior mesenteric veins. SNOMEDCT_US:17920008 UMLS:C0155773 Blood clot in portal vein Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) can occur within the main portal vein, or it can occur in the branches of the portal vein within the liver itself. It can be an occluding thrombus or nonoccluding, with a clot present but continued blood flow through the vessel. The sequela of a long-standing PVT is cavernous formation of the portal vein, which represents bridging collaterals around the occlusion. Portal vein thrombosis Thrombosis of the portal vein and/or its tributaries, which include the splenic vein and the superior and inferior mesenteric veins. PMID:21960890 Blood clot in portal vein An obstruction in the veins of the liver caused by a blood clot (thrombosis). MSH:D006502 SNOMEDCT_US:38739001 UMLS:C0019154 Blood clot in liver vein Hepatic venous thrombosis Hepatic vein thrombosis An obstruction in the veins of the liver caused by a blood clot (thrombosis). Blood clot in liver vein The term splanchnic vein thrombosis encompasses Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein thrombosis), extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), and mesenteric vein thrombosis; the word splanchnic is used to refer to the visceral organs (of the abdominal cavity). UMLS:C4022560 Blood clot in splanchnic vein Splanchnic vein thrombosis The term splanchnic vein thrombosis encompasses Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein thrombosis), extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), and mesenteric vein thrombosis; the word splanchnic is used to refer to the visceral organs (of the abdominal cavity). PMID:20532730 Blood clot in splanchnic vein The presence of multiple polyps in the large intestine. UMLS:C4022556 Large intestinal polyposis The presence of multiple polyps in the large intestine. Lack of recognizable penile structures. SNOMEDCT_US:204908001 SNOMEDCT_US:59981001 UMLS:C0555231 Absent penis Aphallia Aplasia of the penis Penis aplasia Absence of the penis is always accompanied by abnormal position of the meatus (usually in the perineum, sometimes in the rectum), may be accompanied by Cryptorchidism, and is often associated with non-genital anomalies, which all should be coded separately. Absent penis should be differentiated from a penis concealed within pre-pubic fat tissue. Absent penis Lack of recognizable penile structures. PMID:23650202 Absent penis An abnormal flattening of an epiphysis of femur. UMLS:C1850642 Flattended end part of thigh bone Flattened femoral epiphysis An abnormal flattening of an epiphysis of femur. Flattended end part of thigh bone Lack of ossification of the sacrum. UMLS:C2675562 Absence of sacrum ossification Unossified sacrum Lack of ossification of the sacrum. A deviation from the normal number of vertebrae in the spinal column. UMLS:C4022523 Abnormal number of vertebrae A deviation from the normal number of vertebrae in the spinal column. UMLS:C4022522 Decreased number of vertebrae An increase in the vertical distance between adjacent vertebral bodies, observed as an increase in the intervertebral disk space. UMLS:C4022513 Increased intervertebral space An increase in the vertical distance between adjacent vertebral bodies, observed as an increase in the intervertebral disk space. An anomaly in the number of macrophages. UMLS:C4022509 Abnormal macrophage count An anomaly in the number of macrophages. UMLS:C4072991 Yellow/white lesions of the retina A structural anomaly of the adjacent structures (i.e., adnexa) of the eye, defined as the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. UMLS:C4073120 Abnormal ocular adnexa morphology Any structural anomaly of the heart and blood vessels. UMLS:C4049796 Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology Cardiovascular malformations Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology Any structural anomaly of the muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart (cardiac trabeculae, trabeculae carneae). UMLS:C4073289 Abnormal morphology of myocardial trabeculae Inflammation of the vagina that can result from a spectrum of conditions that cause vaginal and sometimes vulvar symptoms, such as itching, burning, irritation, odor, and vaginal discharge. MSH:D014627 SNOMEDCT_US:30800001 UMLS:C0042267 Vulvovaginitis The most common infectious causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Physicians traditionally diagnose vaginitis using the combination of symptoms, physical examination, pH of vaginal fluid, microscopy, and the whiff test. Vaginitis Increase in size of the right atrium. Fyler:1771 Fyler:2859 SNOMEDCT_US:67751000119106 UMLS:C0748427 Dilated right atrium Enlarged heart right atrium Right atrial dilatation This feature can be appreciated on chext radiography, MRI, or CT. Right atrial enlargement Increase in size of the right atrium. Any structural anomaly of the tongue. UMLS:C4280755 Abnormal tongue morphology Increase in size of the tonsils, small collections of lymphoid tissue facing into the aerodigestive tract on either side of the back part of the throat. SNOMEDCT_US:46689006 UMLS:C0272386 Enlargment of tonsils Tonsillar hypertrophy tonsils large/hypertrophy Enlarged tonsils Increase in size of the tonsils, small collections of lymphoid tissue facing into the aerodigestive tract on either side of the back part of the throat. Lack of observable tonsillar tissue. SNOMEDCT_US:249393008 SNOMEDCT_US:300277007 UMLS:C0576999 Hypoplastic tonsils Tonsillar hypoplasia Absent tonsils Lack of observable tonsillar tissue. An anomaly of venous function. UMLS:C4280744 Abnormality of venous physiology An anomaly of venous function. A functional anomaly of that portion of the cardiosvascular system that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. UMLS:C4280730 Abnormal pulmonary circulation Abnormality of respiratory circulation Abnormality of pulmonary circulation A functional anomaly of that portion of the cardiosvascular system that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. An anomaly of the muscular contractions that propel food though the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormal GI motility Abnormal gastrointestinal motility An anomaly of the muscular contractions that propel food though the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormal GI motility Supernumerary clitoris. The word bifid indicates the presence of a split clitoris, as opposed to a supernumerary clitoris, which could be described as duplicated clitoris. Duplicated clitoris An anomaly of the wave-like muscle contractions of the digestive tract. Abnormal peristalsis An anomaly of the wave-like muscle contractions of the digestive tract. An anomaly of the electrical conduction physiology of the heart. 2017-03-17T17:47:04Z Abnormality of cardiovascular system electrophysiology A structural anomaly affecting a blood vessel involved in the circulation of the heart, i.e., the superior or inferior vena cava, the pulmonary arteries, the pulmonary veins, and the aorta. 2017-04-18T13:00:44Z Abnormal morphology of the great vessels 2017-04-18T13:14:14Z Abnormal aortic physiology An abnormality of the structure of the pulmonary artery. 2017-04-18T13:29:12Z Abnormal pulmonary artery morphology An abnormality of the structure of the pulmonary veins. 2017-04-18T13:38:34Z Fyler:3000 Abnormal pulmonary vein morphology An abnormality of the function of the pulmonary veins. 2017-04-18T13:38:42Z Abnormal pulmonary vein physiology A chronic deviation from normal pressure in the systemic arterial system. 2017-04-18T13:55:40Z Abnormal systemic BP Abnormal systemic blood pressure Abnormal systemic BP A deviation from the normal concentration of serum bile acid concentration. 2017-05-13T12:45:39Z There are two major bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, which are synthesized in the hepatocyte by the cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation of cholesterol. These bile acids are secreted into the biliary canaliculi as sodium salts and conjugated with glycine, taurine, sulfate or glucuronic acid, and stored in the gall bladder until excreted into the intestinal lumen in response to a fatty meal. Enterohepatic circulation of bile salts is associated with conversion of the primary bile salts to secondary bile salts by bacerial enyzmes. The total bile pool of about 4 grams is recirculated about 5 to 10 times per day. Because serum bile salt concentration can increase by two to five times after a meal it is important that bile salts are measured while the subject is fasting. Abnormal serum bile acid concentration A reduction in the concentration of bile acid in the blood. 2017-05-13T13:02:06Z Decreased serum bile acid concentration An elevation in bone density in one or more tarsal bones of the foot. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. 2017-05-27T14:41:39Z Tarsal sclerosis 2017-05-28T22:32:58Z Abnormal ovarian morphology Any anomaly of ovarian function. 2017-05-28T22:33:50Z Abnormal ovarian physiology Any anomaly of the structure of an organ ofthe endocrine system. 2017-05-28T23:11:43Z Abnormal endocrine morphology Any anomaly of the function of the endocrine system. 2017-05-28T23:12:36Z Abnormal endocrine physiology An anomalous response to a test that is designed to probe the function of the endocrine system. 2017-05-28T23:14:39Z Abnormal response to endocrine stimulation test Any anomaly of the structure of the breast. 2017-06-30T15:41:38Z Abnormal breast morphology Any anomaly of the function of the breast. 2017-06-30T15:42:09Z Abnormal breast physiology Any anomaly of the structure of the humerus. 2017-05-30T01:22:39Z Abnormal humerus morphology Any anomaly of the structure of the uterus 2017-05-30T02:52:38Z Abnormal uterus morphology Hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) exhibit a bloated appearance because of expansion of the cytoplasm by accumulated material. 2017-06-10T15:30:13Z Storage in hepatocytes A deviation from the normal concentration of hyaluronic acid in the blood. 2017-07-02T11:00:02Z Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) is considered to be a marker of liver function. HA is a glycosaminoglycan that is rapidly cleared from the circulation by the liver via receptor mediated endocytosis into sinusoidal endothelial cells. Abnormal circulating hyaluronic acid concentration A deviation from the normal concentration of hyaluronic acid in the blood. PMID:11861239 Any anomolous structure of the renal corpuscle, which is the initial component of the nephron that filters blood. The renal corpuscle consists of a knot of capillaries (glomerulus) that is surrounded by a double-walled capsule (Bowman capsule) that opens into a renal tubule. 2017-08-12T18:30:25Z Abnormal renal corpuscle morphology Increase in size of the left atrium. 2017-08-13T21:38:04Z Fyler:3011 Fyler:3020 Enlarged heart left atrium Left atrial enlargement An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall. 2017-08-26T20:56:01Z Peripheral artery calcification Peripheral arterial calcification can be observed on radiographs and may be classified as either medial (linear calcifications in a train-track pattern) or atherosclerotic (distinct, nodular calcifications). A number of other techniques may also be used to detect peripheral arterial calcification including computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, duplex ultrasonography, measurement of pulse wave velocity, echocardiography, planar radiographs, and indirectly, the ankle-brachial index. A discussion on the ontological description of peripheral arterial calcification can be found here: https://github.com/obophenotype/human-phenotype-ontology/issues/6877. Peripheral arterial calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall. PMID:24402839 PMID:26811161 An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall of the leg. 2017-08-26T21:03:24Z Lower extremity peripheral artery calcification GitHub issue: https://github.com/obophenotype/human-phenotype-ontology/issues/6877 Lower extremity peripheral arterial calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall of the femoral artery. 2017-08-26T21:04:24Z Femoral arterial calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall of the iliac artery. 2017-08-26T21:05:02Z Iliac arterial calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in an artery that is located within the skull (intracranial). 2017-08-26T21:30:38Z Intracranial arterial calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in the internal carotid artery. 2017-08-26T21:32:35Z Internal carotid artery calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in a cerebral artery. 2017-08-26T21:34:47Z Cerebral artery calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in abdominal aorta. 2017-08-26T21:44:24Z Abdominal aortic calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in a carotid artery. 2017-08-26T21:52:52Z Carotid artery calcification An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in the external carotid artery. 2017-08-26T21:53:48Z External carotid artery calcification Any abnormality in the multiplication or reproduction of cells, which may result in the expansion of a cell population. 2017-09-02T15:54:47Z Abnormal cell proliferation An impaired immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). 2017-09-03T15:36:45Z Impaired adaptive immune response Impaired antigen-specific response Any anomaly of lymphocyte function. 2017-09-04T12:08:45Z Abnormal lymphocyte physiology Any structural anomaly of the chordae tendinae of the tricuspid valve. The chordae tendineae connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve. 2017-09-17T13:37:09Z Abnormal tricuspid chordae tendinae morphology Any functional anomaly of the mitral valve. 2017-09-17T22:37:40Z Abnormal mitral valve physiology Any deviation from the normal range of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland. 2017-09-21T01:56:23Z Abnormal thyroid hormone level Thyroid hormones (TH) are involved in the regulation of metabolism, proliferation, and growth of most tissues. Serum TH levels are tightly controlled by the hypothalamic, pituitary, and thyroid (HPT) axis to deliver appropriate amounts of TH to target tissues. The two major THs (T3 and T4) are iodothyrosines synthesized by the thyroid gland under the control of thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a glycoprotein heterodimer that is produced by the pituitary gland. TSH, in turn, is regulated by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), a tripeptide generated by the hypothalamus that is released into its own portal system to reach the pituitary. Both the production of TRH and TSH are under negative feedback control determined by the circulating free TH concentrations. Abnormal circulating thyroid hormone concentration Any deviation from the normal range of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland. PMID:28932413 Any anomaly of the progression of electrical impulses through the heart. 2017-09-24T22:36:44Z Abnormality of cardiac conduction Abnormality of cardiac conduction system Cardiac conduction abnormalities Cardiac conduction defects Heart conduction disorder The conduction system of the heart initiates and coordinates the electric signal that causes the rhythmic and synchronized contractions of the atria and ventricles. In higher vertebrates, this system comprises the sinuatrial (SAN) and atrioventricular nodes (AVN) and the wiring of the ventricles. The latter comprises the atrioventricular bundle (AVB), the left and right bundle branches (BBs), and the peripheral ventricular conduction system (PVCS). Cardiac conduction abnormality Any functional defect of the mitral or tricuspid valve. 2017-12-17T15:17:45Z Abnormal atrioventricular valve physiology Any functional defect of the tricuspid valve. 2017-12-17T15:19:13Z Abnormal tricuspid valve physiology Any functional abnormality of a cardiac valve. 2017-12-17T15:21:49Z Abnormal heart valve physiology Abnormal level of metabolite or other abnormal analyte result in a stool test. 2017-12-17T21:04:26Z Abnormal faeces composition Abnormal feces composition Abnormal faecal test result Abnormal fecal test result Abnormal stool composition Abnormal faeces composition Abnormal faecal test result Any structural anomaly of the ear. 2017-12-18T00:20:14Z Fyler:4867 Abnormal ear morphology Any functional anomaly of the ear. 2017-12-18T00:20:24Z Abnormal ear physiology A developmental defect in which the coronary sinus fails to form. 2018-01-28T12:02:56Z Fyler:2841 Absent coronary sinus A developmental defect in which the coronary sinus fails to form. PMID:24551710 A decrease below the normal concentration of glycerol in the blood. 2018-02-25T14:13:06Z Decreased circulating glycerol level Any deviation from the normal concentration of glycerol in the blood. 2018-02-25T14:28:46Z Abnormal circulating glycerol level Any deviation from the normal number of basophils per volume in the blood circulation. 2018-04-04T01:11:52Z Abnormal basophil count An abnormally increased count of basophils per volume in the blood circulation. 2018-04-04T01:15:24Z Basophilia Increased basophil count An abnormally reduced count of basophils per volume in the blood circulation. 2018-04-04T01:16:02Z Decreased basophil count A functional anomaly of the mouth (which is also known as the oral cavity). 2018-04-29T14:50:56Z The physiological functions of the mouth include salivary gland secretory function, mastication (chewing) and preparation of food for swallowing. Abnormal oral physiology Any structural anomaly of the mouth, which is also known as the oral cavity. 2018-04-29T14:55:47Z Abnormal oral morphology Any anomaly of a reflex, i.e., of an automatic response mediated by the nervous system (a reflex does not need the intervention of conscious thought to occur). 2018-05-02T01:05:40Z Abnormal reflex A reduced concentration of zinc in the blood. 2018-05-04T02:05:49Z Decreased serum zinc A reduced concentration of zinc in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:RGD_gthayman PMID:16518702 Abnormal reduction in the count of eosinophils in the blood per volume. 2018-05-13T20:35:28Z Decreased eosinophil count Abnormal reduction in the count of eosinophils in the blood per volume. A functional abnormality affecting one or more of the cranial nerves, which emerge directly from the brain stem. 2018-06-23T13:49:43Z Abnormal cranial nerve physiology Any structural anomaly of the portal venous sytem, which comprises all of the veins draining the abdominal part of the digestive tract, including the lower esophagus but excluding the lower anal canal. The portal vein conveys blood from viscera and ramifies like an artery at the liver, ending at the sinusoids. Tributaries of the portal vein, which make up the portal venous system, are the splenic, superior mesenteric, left gastric, right gastric, paraumbilical, and cystic veins. 2018-07-05T13:39:22Z Abnormal portal venous system morphology Any structural anomaly of the portal venous sytem, which comprises all of the veins draining the abdominal part of the digestive tract, including the lower esophagus but excluding the lower anal canal. The portal vein conveys blood from viscera and ramifies like an artery at the liver, ending at the sinusoids. Tributaries of the portal vein, which make up the portal venous system, are the splenic, superior mesenteric, left gastric, right gastric, paraumbilical, and cystic veins. PMID:11796904 Anomaly where the intestinal and the splenic venous drainage bypass the liver and drain into systemic veins through other possible venous shunts. 2018-07-05T13:42:31Z CAPV Missing portal vein Congenital absence of portal vein Anomaly where the intestinal and the splenic venous drainage bypass the liver and drain into systemic veins through other possible venous shunts. PMID:18932274 PMID:2053351 CAPV An abnormally low concentration of urea nitrogen in the blood. 2018-07-07T23:28:55Z Reduced BUN Reduced blood urea nitrogen Reduced BUN Any deviation from the normal concentration of urea nitrogen in the blood. 2018-07-07T23:29:10Z Abnormal BUN concentration Abnormal blood urea nitrogen concentration Abnormal BUN concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of a carbohydrate in the urine. 2018-07-08T12:53:24Z Carbohydrates, also known as saccharides, comprise mono-, d-, and oligosaccharides (substances from endogenous metabolism or from exogenous sources such as diet). Most saccharides except glucose are readily excreted in the urine, reflecting dieteray consuption. Increased sacchardie levels may indicate an enzyme defect or other disease if a certain type of saccharide or a certain profile is found. Abnormal urine carbohydrate level Any deviation from the normal concentration of a carboxylic acid in the urine. 2018-07-08T13:01:16Z Carboxylic acid refers to an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (-COOH). Abnormal urine carboxylic acid level An anomaly of the adjacent structures (i.e., adnexa) of the eye, defined as the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. 2018-09-03T00:17:49Z Abnormality of the ocular adnexa A functional anomaly of the adjacent structures (i.e., adnexa) of the eye, defined as the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. 2018-09-03T00:18:45Z Abnormal ocular adnexa physiology Underdevelopment of the carotid canal, which normally is a circular aperture in the temporal bone of the skull through which the internal carotid artery and the carotid plexus of nerves traverse. 2018-09-16T10:47:06Z Hypoplastic carotid canal A type of infection that is regarded as a sign of a pathological susceptibility to infection. There are five general subtypes. (i) Opportunistic infection, meaning infection by a pathogen that is not normally able to cause infection in a healthy host (e.g., pneumonia by Pneumocystis jirovecii or CMV); (ii) Unusual location (focus) of an infection (e.g., an aspergillus brain abscess); (iii) a protracted course or lack of adequate response to treatment (e.g., chronic rhinosinusitis); (iv) Unusual severity or intensity of an infection; and (v) unusual recurrence of infections. 2018-11-04T22:23:03Z Unusual infection A type of infection that is regarded as a sign of a pathological susceptibility to infection. There are five general subtypes. (i) Opportunistic infection, meaning infection by a pathogen that is not normally able to cause infection in a healthy host (e.g., pneumonia by Pneumocystis jirovecii or CMV); (ii) Unusual location (focus) of an infection (e.g., an aspergillus brain abscess); (iii) a protracted course or lack of adequate response to treatment (e.g., chronic rhinosinusitis); (iv) Unusual severity or intensity of an infection; and (v) unusual recurrence of infections. PMID:22052638 Any functional abnormality of the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. 2018-11-17T16:57:55Z Abnormal peripheral nervous system physiology An unusual infection classified by the affected body part. 2018-12-09T12:17:59Z Unusual infection by anatomical site An elevated circulating concentration of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9. 2018-12-09T14:04:29Z Increased blood folate concentration An abnormal level of an analyte measured in the blood. 2019-01-12T13:45:59Z Abnormal circulating metabolite concentration Any structural anomaly of the sebaceous glands. 2019-01-26T14:26:26Z Sebaceous glands are found all over the human body except on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The glands are numerous on the face and scalp and are sparse in areas such as the back. They can number as many as 400-900 glands/cm2 on the face. Sebaceous glands are usually found in association with a hair follicle, which, together, is referred to as a pilosebaceous unit. The sebaceous gland is located in association with the upper portion of the hair follicle, where it is not affected by the hair cycle. Sebaceous glands can be unilobular or multilobular. Although a majority of sebaceous glands are part of a pilosebaceous unit, some glands can be found without an associated hair follicle. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which contains cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, squalene, fatty acids, diglycerides and triglycerides, and wax esters. Abnormal sebaceous gland morphology Any structural anomaly of the sebaceous glands. PMID:17975220 Any deviation from the normal concentration of a metabolite in a tissue. 2019-01-27T11:56:39Z Abnormal tissue metabolite concentration An abnormality in the function of the chemical reactions related to processes including conversion of food to enter, synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, or the elimination of waste products. 2019-01-27T12:48:52Z Abnormal metabolism 2019-01-27T16:44:33Z Abnormal immune system morphology Abnormal increase in blood pressure. An individual measurement of increased blood pressure does not necessarily imply hypertension. In practical terms, multiple measurements are recommended to diagnose the presence of hypertension. 2019-01-27T20:07:59Z Increased BP Increased blood pressure Abnormal increase in blood pressure. An individual measurement of increased blood pressure does not necessarily imply hypertension. In practical terms, multiple measurements are recommended to diagnose the presence of hypertension. PMID:9137951 Increased BP Any deviation from the normal cell count per volume of granulocytes in the blood circulation. 2019-02-14T10:54:57Z Granulocytes belong to the innate immune system and make up the largest proportion of white blood cells. They are myeloid cells and can be classified as neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils), eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and mast cells. Abnormal granulocyte count Increased level of phenylalanine in urine. 2019-02-23T16:46:17Z Increased level of phenylalanine in urine Phenylalaninuria Increased level of phenylalanine in urine. PMID:18566668 Any deviation from the normal level of growth hormone (GH) in the blood circulation. GH or somatotropin is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration. Its secretion from the pituitary is regulated by the neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus, which can release Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH or somatocrinin) and Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH or somatostatin) into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pituitary. GH is secreted in a pulsatile manner, which is one of the reasons why an isolated measurement of its blood concentration is not meaningful. 2019-02-23T18:15:25Z Abnormal somatotropin level Abnormal growth hormone level An abnormally low blood pH (usually defined as less than 7.35). 2019-02-23T18:37:21Z When describing acid-base abnormalities, acidosis and alkalosis refer to physiological processes that lower or raise the pH, respectively, while acidemia and alkalemia simply describe the state of an abnormal blood pH. This distinction is important: a patient with acidemia could have both a respiratory and metabolic acidosis as well as a concurrent metabolic alkalosis. Acidemia An abnormally low blood pH (usually defined as less than 7.35). PMID:24381489 An abnormally high blood pH (usually defined as 7.41 or above). 2019-02-23T18:42:24Z When describing acid-base abnormalities, acidosis and alkalosis refer to physiological processes that lower or raise the pH, respectively, while acidemia and alkalemia simply describe the state of an abnormal blood pH. This distinction is important: a patient with acidemia could have both a respiratory and metabolic acidosis as well as a concurrent metabolic alkalosis. Alkalemia An abnormally high blood pH (usually defined as 7.41 or above). PMID:24381489 Pulmonary bullae are rounded focal regions of emphysema with a thin wall which measure more than 1 cm in diameter. They are often subpleural in location and are typically larger in the apices. In some cases, bullae can be very large and result in compression of adjacent lung tissue. A giant bulla is arbitrarily defined as one that occupies at least one third of the volume of a hemithorax. When large, bullae can simulate pneumothorax. The most common cause is paraseptal emphysema but bullae may also be seen in association with centrilobular emphysema. 2019-03-03T17:45:09Z Pulmonary bullae Blebs and bullae are commonly subpleural and are mostly seen in both upper lobes in patients with coexisting centrilobular and paraseptal emphysema. Pulmonary bulla Pulmonary bullae are rounded focal regions of emphysema with a thin wall which measure more than 1 cm in diameter. They are often subpleural in location and are typically larger in the apices. In some cases, bullae can be very large and result in compression of adjacent lung tissue. A giant bulla is arbitrarily defined as one that occupies at least one third of the volume of a hemithorax. When large, bullae can simulate pneumothorax. The most common cause is paraseptal emphysema but bullae may also be seen in association with centrilobular emphysema. PMID:18195376 PMID:20028879 PMID:24106540 Pulmonary bullae Underdevelopment of the ureter. 2019-04-04T09:26:25Z Hypoplasia of the ureter Ureter hypoplasia Ureteral hypoplasia Underdevelopment of the ureter. A deviation from the normal level of a nucleobase in the urine. Nucleobases are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U). Abnormal urinary nucleobase concentration Any structural anomaly of the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC), a layer of cells in the outer layer of the renal tubule. These cells play a role in the absorption of substances such as glucose and amino from the primary urine. Abnormal renal tubular epithelial morphology A deviation of urine pH from the normal range of 4.5 to 7.8. Urine pH typically is 5 as a result of daily net acid excretion. The interpretation of the urine pH depends on the medical context. Abnormal urine pH A neoplasm that affects the female reproductive system. NCIT:C3053 Female reproductive system neoplasm Any structural anomaly of the fetal part of the placenta, which is known as the chorion. Abnormal chorion morphology Any structural anomaly of the fetal part of the placenta, which is known as the chorion. PMID:18755720 Absence or underdevelopment of the thyroid gland. Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thyroid gland An elevated level of an aromatic amino acid in the urine. Increased aromatic amino acid level in urine An abnormally increased level of tyrosine in the urine. Increased tyrosine in urine Tyrosinuria An elevated level of an glutamine family amino acid in the urine. Increased glutamine family amino acid level in urine An elevated level of an aspartate family amino acid in the urine. Increased aspartate family amino acid level in urine An increased level in the urine of an alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids. Elevated urinary non-proteinogenic amino acid level Increased urinary non-proteinogenic amino acid level An increased level of a serine family amino acid in the urine. Increased serine family amino acid in urine An elevated level of a proteinogenic amino acid in the urine. These are the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Increased proteinogenic amino acid level in urine An elevated level of a proteinogenic amino acid in the blood circulation. These are the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. 2020-08-29T11:59:15Z Abnormal circulating proteinogenic amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration in the blood circulation of a compound that is derived from an amino acid. 2020-08-29T12:01:40Z Abnormal circulating proteinogenic amino acid derivative concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration in the blood circulation of an alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids. 2020-08-29T12:04:47Z Abnormal circulating non-proteinogenic amino acid concentration Inflammation of the lining of the upper small intestine (duodenum). 2020-09-03T12:01:20Z Duodenal inflammation The diagnosis of duodenitis is made when there is infiltration by inflammatory cells with changes in villous architecture and surface and crypt epithelium. Duodenitis can be graded according to the amount of neutrophilic and plasma cell infiltration, villous height, Brunner's gland hyperplasia with prolapse into the lamina propria and gastric metaplasia. Duodenitis Inflammation of the lining of the upper small intestine (duodenum). PMID:16679353 An anomaly of the musculoskeletal system, which consists of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue. The musculoskeletal system supports the weight of the body, maintains body position and produces movements of the body or of parts of the body. 2020-09-05T13:35:03Z Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system Concentration of uracil in the blood circulation is above the normal range. 2020-09-09T13:56:10Z Elevated circulating uracil concentration Inflammation of the lining of the middle section of the small intestine. 2020-09-15T10:25:52Z Jejunitis Inflammation of the lining of the middle section of the small intestine. PMID:26420973 Any deviation from the normal concentration of a short-chain fatty acid in the blood circulation. 2020-09-19T11:37:22Z A short-chain fatty acid is defined as n aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid. Abnormal circulating short-chain fatty-acid concentration A structural anomaly of the pharynx. 2020-09-20T11:17:40Z Abnormal pharynx morphology A functional anomaly of the pharynx. 2020-09-20T11:18:32Z Abnormal pharynx physiology Any deviation from the normal amount of a pyrimidine compound in the urine. Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives are compounds containing a pyrimidne ring, which is a six-member aromatic heterocycle which consists of two nitrogen atoms (at positions 1 and 3) and four carbon atoms. The nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil are pyrimidines. 2020-09-24T09:15:07Z Abnormal urinary pyrimidine level Presence of one or more manifestations of the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins (APP) are blood proteins primarily synthesized by hepatocytes as part of the acute phase response (APR). The APR is part of the early-defense or innate immune system, which is triggered by different stimuli including trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and inflammation. The APR results in a complex systemic reaction with the goal of reestablishing homeostasis and promoting healing. 2020-11-29T16:35:16Z Acute phase response Presence of one or more manifestations of the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins (APP) are blood proteins primarily synthesized by hepatocytes as part of the acute phase response (APR). The APR is part of the early-defense or innate immune system, which is triggered by different stimuli including trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and inflammation. The APR results in a complex systemic reaction with the goal of reestablishing homeostasis and promoting healing. PMID:20034426 PMID:30137854 Any structural anomaly of a blood vessel (artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, or vein). 2020-12-01T11:42:14Z Abnormal blood vessel morphology Any deviation from the normal amount of a metabolite in urine. 2020-12-01T12:00:51Z As water reabsorption in kidneys affect urinary solute concentrations, various methods are applied to normalize the measured concentration. Frequently, concentrations are reported as a ratio to urinary creatinine. The HPO terms in this subhierarchy therefore use the word 'level' to indicate that appropriate normalization has been performed before concluding that the amount of the indicated metabolite is abnormal. Abnormal urine metabolite level Inflammation of the cartilage of the nose. 2020-12-23T14:31:16Z Nose chondritis Nasal chondritis Inflammation of the cartilage of the nose. PMID:33108101 Any deviation from the normal concentration of an organic amino compound, defined as a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. 2021-01-09T15:46:18Z Abnormal circulating organic amino compound concentration Activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is characterized by a host of cellular and molecular changes within the brain. 2021-01-09T17:51:49Z Neuroinflammation 2021-01-09T23:02:44Z Abnormal circulating bilirubin concentration Concentration of bilirubin in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal. 2021-01-09T23:03:03Z Hypobilirubinemia Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension is a haemodynamic condition characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP over 20 mmHg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR 3 Wood units or more) accompanied by normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP not more than 15 mmHg). 2021-01-24T14:20:32Z Precapillary pulmonary hypertension Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension is a haemodynamic condition characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP over 20 mmHg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR 3 Wood units or more) accompanied by normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP not more than 15 mmHg). PMID:30545968 Deposition of calcium salts in the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve. 2021-02-03T13:41:58Z Mitral valve leaflet calcification A functional abnormality of a white blood cell. 2021-05-08T13:50:44Z Abnormal leukocyte physiology Anomalous structure of a blood vessel in the kidney. 2021-05-16T17:27:46Z Abnormal renal vascular morphology An anomalous structure of an artery located in the kidney. 2021-05-16T17:29:18Z Abnormal kidney arterial blood vessel morphology Abnormal intrarenal artery morphology Structural or functional abnormalities of the fetus. Note that this section comprises terms that describe abnormalities that are specific to the fetus or differ from the corresponding general terms. A term from anywhere in the Human Phenotype Ontology can be applied to a fetus if appropriate. 2021-11-27T19:01:00Z Fetal anomaly Any structural anomaly of the fetus. 2021-11-27T19:03:05Z Structural fetal anomaly Structural foetal anomaly Abnormal fetal morphology Structural foetal anomaly An anomalous structural finding of the fetal gastrointestinal system. Terms in this subhierarchy are restricted to findings that can only be observed in the prenatal period. Other HPO terms can also be used to describe fetal phenotypes. 2022-04-10T11:11:27Z Abnormal fetal gastrointestinal system morphology An abnormal strcutural of the zone (lobe) of the cerebral cortex that is located inferior to the lateral fissure on other cerebral hemispheres. 2022-04-10T13:13:34Z Abnormal temporal lobe morphology An anomalous structural finding of the fetal genitourinary system. Terms in this subhierarchy are restricted to findings that can only be observed in the prenatal period. Other HPO terms can also be used to describe fetal phenotypes. 2022-04-10T18:07:18Z Abnormal fetal genitourinary system morphology An anomaly of the corneal reflex that normally induces involuntary blinking of the eyelids following contact of the cornea. 2022-04-23T11:42:49Z The corneal reflex can be tested by touching the cornea lightly with a cotton tip. The normal response to to blink (shut the eyelids) immediately. To evaluate the corneal reflex, the examiner uses a cotton-tipped applicator, the tip of which has been pulled into a thin strand. The examiner stabilizes the patient's head by placing a hand on the patient's eyebrow and head. The patient is asked to look to the left side as the cotton tip is brought in from the right side to touch the right cornea gently. Abnormal corneal reflex An anomaly of the corneal reflex that normally induces involuntary blinking of the eyelids following contact of the cornea. PMID:30480980 Absence or underdevelopment of the midbrain (mesencephalon). 2022-05-21T15:34:06Z Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the mesencephalon Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the midbrain A developmental defect characterized by absence or underdevelopment of one or more facial bone. 2022-05-21T15:47:04Z Aplasia/Hypoplasia of facial bones Erythroblasts with multiple nuclei. Erythroblasts are nucleated precrusor cells of erythrocytes that are localized to the bone marrow. Normally, erythroblasts have a single nucleus. The abnormal finding of erythrocytes with two or more nuclei may be related to defects in cytokinesis. 2022-05-28T21:45:14Z Bone marrow: multinucleated erythroblasts Multinucleate erythroblast Binucleated erythroblast Double-nucleated erythroblast Multinucleated erythroblast Erythroblasts with multiple nuclei. Erythroblasts are nucleated precrusor cells of erythrocytes that are localized to the bone marrow. Normally, erythroblasts have a single nucleus. The abnormal finding of erythrocytes with two or more nuclei may be related to defects in cytokinesis. PMID:11994986 PMID:23744492 An elevation above the normal range of creatine in the blood circulation. 2022-06-26T21:42:02Z Elevated circulating creatine concentration An elevation above the normal range of creatine in the blood circulation. PMID:11326334 An reduction below the normal range of creatine in the blood circulation. 2022-06-26T21:43:00Z Reduced circulating creatine concentration 2022-09-05T10:59:04Z Abnormal muscle tissue metabolite concentration A limitation in the passive range of motion of the elbow resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. 2022-09-30T12:50:12Z Elbow contracture A limitation in the passive range of motion of the elbow resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. A contracture prevents movement of the associated body part. 2022-09-30T12:53:13Z Contracture To assess a joint contracture, the passive or active range of motion (ROM) of a joint with a contracture is assessed by moving the joint through its natural range with no active effort from the individual. The angular distance of the joint motion and the loss of ROM in a contracture is recorded through comparison with the contralateral joint or normative values. Conventionally, a joint contracture is named according to the joint involved and the direction opposite the lack of range. For example, inability to fully extend the knee is referred to as a knee flexion contracture, compared to inability to bend (flex) the knee, which is referred to as a knee extension contracture. Contractures in neuromuscular diseases develop due to intrinsic myotendinous structural changes and extrinsic factors. Known contributing extrinsic factors include decreased ability to actively move a limb through its full range of motion, immobility or static positioning for prolonged periods of time, and agonist antagonist muscle imbalance. Intrinsic muscle tissue alterations in dystrophic myopathies contribute to contracture formation. The most significant histologic changes are those of muscle fiber loss, abnormal residual dystrophic muscle fibers, segmental necrosis of muscle fibers, and increased amounts of adipose tissue, connective tissue, and fibrosis. Joint contracture A limitation in the passive range of motion of the elbow resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. A contracture prevents movement of the associated body part. PMID:22938881 PMID:26247029 PMID:30928194 2022-11-24T00:18:11Z Abnormal joint physiology Inflammation of glans penis 2022-11-26T13:37:26Z Balanitis An increased level of uracil in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2022-12-03T23:24:34Z Increased CSF uracil concentration Abnormal increase in the size of the epididymis. 2022-12-04T18:11:08Z Epididymis enlarged Enlarged epididymis A developmental defect characterized by underdevelopment of hte portal vein. 2023-02-19T18:35:18Z Hypoplasia of the portal veins Portal vein hypoplasia Concentration of porphyrins or of a specific porphryin above the upper limit of normal. The most commonly tested circulating porphyrins are coproporphyrin, protoporphyrin, and uroporphyrin. Normally protoporphyrin is present in the highest concentration. 2023-03-12T18:39:52Z Porphyrin high in blood Elevated circulating porphyrin concentration Concentration of a coenzyme (an organic molecule that binds to the active sites of an enzyme to promote the catalysis of a reaction) is above or below the limits of normal. 2023-03-13T12:31:40Z Abnormal circulating coenzyme concentration Concentration of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. SAM is a cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation. 2023-03-13T12:35:12Z S-adenosylmethionine high in blood Elevated circulating S-adenosyl methionine concentration The concentration of a metabolite in the liver is above or below the limits of normal. 2023-03-19T15:38:07Z Abnormal liver metabolite concentration Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the shoulder joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. 2023-03-25T12:27:46Z Shoulder contracture Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the shoulder joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. PMID:16214063 PMID:24975760 PMID:31282072 A structural abnormality of the knee joint or surrounding structures. 2023-03-25T13:22:12Z Abnormal knee morphology A functional anomaly of the knee joint. 2023-03-25T13:23:25Z Abnormal knee physiology Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the knee joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. 2023-03-25T13:24:29Z Contracture of knee Contracture of the knees Knee contractures Knee contracture Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the knee joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. PMID:16214063 PMID:24975760 PMID:31282072 Knee contractures A structural anomaly of the ankle. 2023-03-25T13:30:08Z Abnormal ankle morphology A functional anomaly of the ankle. 2023-03-25T13:31:03Z Abnormal ankle physiology Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of a toe joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. 2023-03-26T15:48:09Z Toe joint contracture Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of a toe joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. PMID:16214063 PMID:24975760 PMID:31282072 2023-03-26T15:52:39Z Ankle contracture Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of a finger joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. 2023-03-26T16:07:41Z Finger joint contracture Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of a finger joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin. PMID:16214063 PMID:24975760 PMID:31282072 Concentration S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. 2023-04-21T21:50:51Z High blood AdoMet Elevated circulating S-adenosyl-L-methionine concentration Abnormality of a sperm function including protection of paternal DNA, traversing the female reproductive tract, oocyte localisation, penetration of the zona pellucida, oocyte activation and centriole deposition. 2023-07-01T11:30:00Z Abnormal sperm physiology Concentration of porphyrin in erythrocytes below the lower limit of normal. 2023-07-08T17:18:13Z Reduced erythrocyte free porphyrin concentration Concentration of calcitonin, a 32-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, in the blood circulation outside of normal limits. 2023-07-08T23:22:54Z Abnormal circulating calcitonin concentration A structural anomaly of the anus. 2023-07-09T12:37:28Z Abnormal anus morphology A functional anomaly of the anus. 2023-07-09T12:39:28Z Abnormal anus physiology A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the digestive system. 2023-07-09T14:37:49Z Digestive system neoplasm Any structural abnormality of the femoral artey, a large blood vessel that provides oxygenated blood to lower extremity structures and in part to the lower anterior abdominal wall. 2023-07-20T20:50:38Z Abnormal femoral artery morphology Any structural abnormality of the femoral artey, a large blood vessel that provides oxygenated blood to lower extremity structures and in part to the lower anterior abdominal wall. PMID:30855850 Concentration of carnitine in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. 2023-07-21T13:18:04Z Elevated circulating carnitine concentration UMLS:C4022500 Abnormality of corneal shape UMLS:C4022493 Decreased mitochondrial number UMLS:C4022492 Increased mitochondrial number UMLS:C4022480 Absent/small 5th long bone of foot Absent/underdeveloped 5th long bone of foot Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the fifth metatarsal bone Absent/small 5th long bone of foot Absent/underdeveloped 5th long bone of foot UMLS:C4022473 Underdeveloped diaphragm Hypoplasia of the diaphragm Underdeveloped diaphragm UMLS:C4021858 Abnormality of nasal hair Abnormality of nose hair Abnormal nasal hair morphology Abnormality of nasal hair Abnormality of nose hair UMLS:C4022461 Calcification of ribs UMLS:C4022459 Decreased fat tissue Decreased adipose tissue Decreased fat tissue SNOMEDCT_US:445144002 UMLS:C0239337 UMLS:C4073131 Abnormal limbs Abnormality of limbs Limb anomaly Dysmelia Abnormality of limbs Abnormal limbs Abnormality of limbs Limb anomaly Dysmelia UMLS:C4022456 Abnormality of limb bone Abnormality of limb bone Abnormality of limb bone UMLS:C4022455 UMLS:C4022457 Abnormal morphology of bones of the lower limbs Abnormal shape of bones of the lower limbs Abnormality of lower limb bone Abnormal lower limb bone morphology Abnormal shape of bones of the lower limbs Abnormality of lower limb bone UMLS:C4022454 UMLS:C4022458 Abnormal morphology of bones of the upper limbs Abnormal shape of bones of the upper limbs Abnormality of upper limb bone Abnormal upper limb bone morphology Abnormal shape of bones of the upper limbs Abnormality of upper limb bone UMLS:C4022452 Abnormality of forearm bone Abnormal forearm bone morphology Abnormality of forearm bone MSH:D007018 SNOMEDCT_US:74728003 UMLS:C0020635 Hypopituitarism Any deviation from the normal concentration of folate in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4021037 Abnormal serum folate Abnormality of folate in blood Folate is an essential water-soluble vitamin (vitamin B9) that is found in green leafy vegetables, cereals, legumes, and fruit. As a major methyl group donor, it plays an important role in one-carbon metabolism and is involved in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, in addition to its significant role in energy production and normal cell division. Low blood folate concentration is associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects during pregnancy. Abnormal blood folate concentration Abnormal serum folate Any abnormality in the total number of lymphocytes in the blood. SNOMEDCT_US:165534000 UMLS:C0580550 Abnormal lymphocyte count Abnormal lymphocyte counts Abnormal number of lymphocytes Abnormal numbers of lymphocytes Abnormality of lymphocyte number Abnormal lymphocyte count Abnormal lymphocyte count Abnormal lymphocyte counts Abnormal number of lymphocytes Abnormal numbers of lymphocytes Abnormality of lymphocyte number Any deviation from the normal overall count of natural killer (NK) cells in the circulation or a deviation from the normal distribution of NK cell subtypes. UMLS:C4021036 Abnormal NK cell count Abnormal number of natural killer cells Abnormality of natural killer cell count In human peripheral blood, five NK cell subpopulations can be defined on the basis of the relative expression of the markers CD16 and CD56: (1) CD56bright CD16- (50-70% of CD56bright), (2) CD56bright CD16dim (30-50% of CD56bright), (3) CD56dim CD16-, (4) CD56dim CD16bright, and (5) CD56- CD16bright. In healthy individuals, populations (3) and (5) are numerically in the minority. Abnormal natural killer cell count Any deviation from the normal overall count of natural killer (NK) cells in the circulation or a deviation from the normal distribution of NK cell subtypes. PMID:19278419 Abnormal NK cell count Abnormal number of natural killer cells Abnormality of natural killer cell count Any structural abnormality of the tympanic membrane UMLS:C4022447 Abnormality of the eardrum Abnormality of the tympanic membrane The tympanic membrane is considered to be the border of middle and outer ear. Abnormal tympanic membrane morphology Abnormality of the eardrum A deviation from the normal concentration of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the blood. Vitamin B12 is one of the eight B vitamins. UMLS:C4021032 Abnormal serum cobalamin level Abnormal vitamin B12 level Abnormal circulating vitamin B12 concentration A deviation from the normal concentration of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the blood. Vitamin B12 is one of the eight B vitamins. The concentration of iron in the blood circulation is outside the limits of normal. UMLS:C0235760 Abnormal serum iron concentration Abnormal circulating iron concentration UMLS:C4022420 Abnormal liver iron concentration Abnormal liver iron level Abnormal hepatic iron concentration Abnormal liver iron concentration Abnormal liver iron level UMLS:C4022416 Dicarboxylic acidemia An increased amount of carboxylic acid in the urine. UMLS:C4022413 Elevated urinary carboxylic acid UMLS:C1398367 Localised osteoporosis Localized osteoporosis Localised osteoporosis UMLS:C4073132 Abnormal shape of pelvis bone Abnormal pelvis bone morphology Abnormal shape of pelvis bone UMLS:C4073139 Abnormality of lingual muscle Abnormality of the tongue muscle Abnormality of the tongue muscle Abnormality of lingual muscle Abnormality of the tongue muscle UMLS:C4073140 Abnormality of extrinsic lingual muscle Abnormality of extrinsic muscle of tongue Abnormality of extrinsic lingual muscle Any deviation from the normal concentration of a phospholipid in the blood circulation. UMLS:C4073141 Abnormal level of phospholipids Abnormal circulating phospholipid concentration An abnormally increased head circumference in a growing child. Head circumference is measured with a nonelastic tape and comprises the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head. The measured HC is then plotted on an appropriate growth chart. UMLS:C4083076 Increased head circumference Increased head circumference Increased head circumference An abnormally reduced head circumference in a growing child. Head circumference is measured with a nonelastic tape and comprises the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head. The measured HC is then plotted on an appropriate growth chart. Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference (HC) that is great than two standard deviations below the mean of age- and gender-matched population based samples. Severe microcephaly is defined with an HC that is three standard deviations below the mean. SNOMEDCT_US:271611007 UMLS:C0424688 Decreased head circumference Although HC measures skull size, it typically also reflects overall brain volume and has been described as a widely used proxy of neural growth and brain size. Brain size outside of normal values is an important risk factor for cognitive and motor delay. Microcephaly at birth has been termed primary microcephaly and that acquired after birth is secondary microcephaly. Decreased head circumference An abnormally reduced head circumference in a growing child. Head circumference is measured with a nonelastic tape and comprises the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head. The measured HC is then plotted on an appropriate growth chart. Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference (HC) that is great than two standard deviations below the mean of age- and gender-matched population based samples. Severe microcephaly is defined with an HC that is three standard deviations below the mean. PMID:26505062 Decreased head circumference Recurrent abnormal consumption of food, liquids, or objects that could have negative consequences for the individual. UMLS:C4073150 Abnormal consumption behaviour Abnormal consumption behavior Abnormal consumption behaviour An abnormal concentration of insulin in the body. UMLS:C4073160 Abnormal insulin level Abnormal circulating insulin concentration A decreased concentration of insulin in the blood. UMLS:C2748055 Hypoinsulinemia Less than normal number of natural killer cells, a type of lymphocyte in the innate immune system with an ability to mediate cytotoxicity and produce cytokines after the ligation of a germline-encoded activation receptor. UMLS:C1855767 Reduced NK cell number Reduced natural killer cell number Reduced natural killer cell count Less than normal number of natural killer cells, a type of lymphocyte in the innate immune system with an ability to mediate cytotoxicity and produce cytokines after the ligation of a germline-encoded activation receptor. PMID:23993353 Reduced NK cell number Lack of natural killer cells, a type of lymphocyte in the innate immune system that contains cytoplasmic granzymes, i.e., small granules with perforin and proteases that allow natural killer cells to form pores in the cell membrane of the target cell through which the granzymes and associated molecules can enter, inducing apoptosis. UMLS:C4073163 Absent NK cells Absent natural killer cells Lack of natural killer cells, a type of lymphocyte in the innate immune system that contains cytoplasmic granzymes, i.e., small granules with perforin and proteases that allow natural killer cells to form pores in the cell membrane of the target cell through which the granzymes and associated molecules can enter, inducing apoptosis. Absent NK cells UMLS:C4280723 Abnormal size of the dental root UMLS:C4280722 Hypoplasia of the dental root Clincial phenotype characterized by delayed bleeding accelerated break down of blood clot (fibrinolysis) UMLS:C4280719 Abnormality of the fibrinolytic system requested and created by members of the BRIDGE consortium Abnormality of fibrinolysis UMLS:C4280696 Abnormal size of the clitoris UMLS:C4280695 Increased size of the clitoris UMLS:C4280694 Decreased size of the clitoris UMLS:C4280693 Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the clitoris Absence or underdevelopment of the nasopharyngeal adenoids. UMLS:C4280290 Adenoids small or absent Aplastic/Hypoplastic nasopharyngeal adenoids A deviation in the size of nasopharyngeal adenoids. UMLS:C4280692 Abnormal size of nasopharyngeal adenoids A deviation in the size of nasopharyngeal adenoids. Underdevelopment of the nasopharyngeal adenoids. UMLS:C4280691 Underdeveloped nasopharyngeal adenoids Hypoplastic nasopharyngeal adenoids An abnormal decrease in the size of nasopharyngeal adenoids. UMLS:C4280689 Decreased size of nasopharyngeal adenoids An abnormal decrease in the size of nasopharyngeal adenoids. An abnormal increase in the size of nasopharyngeal adenoids. SNOMEDCT_US:111591002 SNOMEDCT_US:276442006 UMLS:C0149825 UMLS:C0455938 Adenoid hypertrophy Adenoids large Increased size of nasopharyngeal adenoids Abnormal increase in muscle size and mass of one or both arms not due to training. UMLS:C4280687 Upper limb muscle hypertrophy An abnormal resistance to glucose, i.e., a reduction in the ability to maintain glucose levels in the blood stream within normal limits following oral or intravenous administration of glucose. MP:0005291 UMLS:C0151671 Decreased glucose tolerance Glucose tolerance decreased Impaired glucose tolerance An abnormal resistance to glucose, i.e., a reduction in the ability to maintain glucose levels in the blood stream within normal limits following oral or intravenous administration of glucose. A structural anomaly of the muscles of the trunk and head. Abnormality of axial muscles Abnormal axial muscle morphology Axial muscle atrophy Duplication of tongue Tongue duplicated Tongue duplication Duplicated tongue Double upper lip Duplication of the upper lip An increased concentration of glycerol in the urine. Increased urinary glycerol Increased concentration of glycerol in the blood. Pseudohypertriglyceridemia In glycerol kinase deficiency, the increased glycerol concentration has been noted to cause false-positive results of hypertriglyceridemia, a phenomenon called pseudohypertriglyceridemia. Hyperglycerolemia Increased concentration of glycerol in the blood. PMID:23415440 The concentration of iron in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. Decreased serum iron Hypoferremia Low serum iron Decreased circulating iron concentration The concentration of iron in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. PMID:36197985 PMID:36816471 An abnormal deviation from normal levels of immunoglobulins in body fluids, such as mucous. Abnormal immunoglobulin level in body fluid An elevation from normal levels of immunoglobulins in body fluids, such as mucous. Increased immunoglobulin level in body fluid An reduction from normal levels of immunoglobulins in body fluids, such as mucous. Decreased immunoglobulin level in body fluid A neural tube defect arises when the neural tube, the embryonic precursor of the brain and spinal cord, fails to close during neurulation. The cranial region (anencephaly) or the low spine (open spina bifida; myelomeningocele) are most commonly affected although, in the severe NTD craniorachischisis, almost the entire neural tube remains open, from midbrain to low spine. MSH:D009436 SNOMEDCT_US:253098009 UMLS:C0027794 Abnormality of neural tube closure Neural tube defect A neural tube defect arises when the neural tube, the embryonic precursor of the brain and spinal cord, fails to close during neurulation. The cranial region (anencephaly) or the low spine (open spina bifida; myelomeningocele) are most commonly affected although, in the severe NTD craniorachischisis, almost the entire neural tube remains open, from midbrain to low spine. PMID:19808787 Abnormal morphology of a specific peripheral nerve UMLS:C4022400 Abnormal peripheral nerve morphology by anatomical site Abnormally decreased concentration of hydrogencarbonate in the urine. UMLS:C4022399 Decreased urine HCO3 concentration Decreased urine bicarbonate concentration Decreased urine HCO3 concentration SNOMEDCT_US:238090007 UMLS:C0342892 Hypolipidemia Any structural anomaly of the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. UMLS:C4022395 Abnormality of the mediastinum Abnormal mediastinum morphology UMLS:C4022394 Abnormality of the thoracic cavity UMLS:C4073166 Abnormality of jaw muscles Abnormality of jaw muscles Abnormality of jaw muscles Any abnormality of the brachial nerve plexus. UMLS:C4073176 Abnormality of the brachial nerve plexus Concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood circulation outside normal limits. UMLS:C4073179 Abnormal circulating alpha-fetoprotein concentration Concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal. UMLS:C4073295 Decreased circulating alpha-fetoprotein concentration An anomaly of the size of the testicle (the male gonad). UMLS:C4073180 Abnormality of the testis size UMLS:C4073181 Aplasia/hypoplasia involving bones of the extremities UMLS:C4073182 Decreased carnitine level in liver Inflammation in any serous cavity. Serositis Inflammation in any serous cavity. The ability of the knee to move past its normal range of motion, (knee hyperextension is greater than 10 degrees). Knee joint over-flexibility Knee joint hypermobility The ability of the knee to move past its normal range of motion, (knee hyperextension is greater than 10 degrees). PMID:28599980 Knee joint over-flexibility Hip joint hypermobility Any morphological abnormality of the cervical vertebral column. SNOMED_CT:298391004 Abnormal cervical spine morphology A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the breast. MSH:D001943 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126926005 UMLS:C1458155 Breast tumor Breast tumour Tumours of the breast Neoplasia of the breast Neoplasm of the breast A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the breast. Breast tumor Breast tumour Tumours of the breast Folds of membranous tissue (peritoneum, mesothelium) attached to the wall of the abdomen and enclosing viscera. Examples include the mesentery for the small intestine; the transverse mesocolon, which attaches the transverse portion of the colon to the back wall of the abdomen; and the mesosigmoid, which enfolds the sigmoid portion of the colon. Cells of the same embryologic origin also surround the other organs of the body such as the lungs (pleura) or the heart (pericardium). UMLS:C4022389 Abnormality of mesentery morphology Abnormality of the mesentery Abnormal mesentery morphology Folds of membranous tissue (peritoneum, mesothelium) attached to the wall of the abdomen and enclosing viscera. Examples include the mesentery for the small intestine; the transverse mesocolon, which attaches the transverse portion of the colon to the back wall of the abdomen; and the mesosigmoid, which enfolds the sigmoid portion of the colon. Cells of the same embryologic origin also surround the other organs of the body such as the lungs (pleura) or the heart (pericardium). An abnormality of movement with a neurological basis characterized by changes in coordination and speed of voluntary movements. MSH:D009069 SNOMEDCT_US:60342002 UMLS:C0026650 Abnormality of movement Movement disorder Unusual movement Movement disorders are characterized by the phenotypic abnormalities including abnormal involuntary movements, akathisia, akinesia, athetosis, ataxia, ballismus, bradykinesia, chorea, dyskinesia, dystonia, and myoclonus tics, tremor, spasms, and stereotypy. Abnormality of movement An abnormality of movement with a neurological basis characterized by changes in coordination and speed of voluntary movements. Abnormality of movement Movement disorder Unusual movement UMLS:C4022344 Absent end part of the little toe bone Absent end part of the pinkie toe bone Absent end part of the pinky toe bone Absent epiphyses of the 5th toe Absent end part of the little toe bone Absent end part of the pinkie toe bone Absent end part of the pinky toe bone UMLS:C4022341 Enlarged end part of the little toe bone Enlarged end part of the pinkie toe bone Enlarged end part of the pinky toe bone Enlarged epiphyses of the 5th toe Enlarged end part of the little toe bone Enlarged end part of the pinkie toe bone Enlarged end part of the pinky toe bone UMLS:C4022337 Pseudoepiphyses of the 5th toe UMLS:C4022336 Small end part of the little toe bone Small end part of the pinkie toe bone Small end part of the pinky toe bone Small epiphyses of the 5th toe Small end part of the little toe bone Small end part of the pinkie toe bone Small end part of the pinky toe bone UMLS:C4022324 Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022323 Abnormality of the end part of the middle bone of the little toe Abnormality of the end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe Abnormality of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe Abnormality of the end part of the middle bone of the little toe Abnormality of the end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022322 Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Abnormality of the end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Abnormality of the growth of the axillary hair. Axillary hair is part of the secondary sexual hair, which normally ensues during puberty. UMLS:C4022287 Abnormality of the axillary hair Abnormality of the growth of the axillary hair. Axillary hair is part of the secondary sexual hair, which normally ensues during puberty. UMLS:C4022219 Absent end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Absent epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Absent end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Absent end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022216 Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Enlarged epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Enlarged end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022212 Pseudoepiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe UMLS:C4022211 Small end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Small end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Small end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Small epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Small end part of the outermost bone of the little toe Small end part of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Small end part of the outermost bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022208 Absent end part of the middle bone of the little toe Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe Absent epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe Absent end part of the middle bone of the little toe Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Absent end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022205 Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the little toe Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe Enlarged epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the little toe Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Enlarged end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe A pseudoepiphysis (an accessory epiphysis that does not significantly contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone) located in the middle phalanx of the fifth toe. UMLS:C4022201 Pseudoepiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe UMLS:C4022200 Small end part of the middle bone of the little toe Small end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Small end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe Small epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe Small end part of the middle bone of the little toe Small end part of the middle bone of the pinkie toe Small end part of the middle bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022197 Absent end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Absent end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Absent end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Absent epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Absent end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Absent end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Absent end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe UMLS:C4022194 Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Enlarged epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Enlarged end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe A pseudoepiphysis (an accessory epiphysis that does not significantly contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone) located in the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe. UMLS:C4022190 Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe UMLS:C4022189 Small end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Small end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Small end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Small epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Small end part of the innermost bone of the little toe Small end part of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Small end part of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Osteomas are bony growths found most commonly on the skull and mandible; however, they may occur in any bone of the body. Osteomas do not usually cause clinical problems and do not become malignant. MSH:D010016 NCIT:C3296 SNOMEDCT_US:302858007 SNOMEDCT_US:83612000 UMLS:C0029440 Osteoma Osteomas are bony growths found most commonly on the skull and mandible; however, they may occur in any bone of the body. Osteomas do not usually cause clinical problems and do not become malignant. Deposition of calcium salts in muscle tissue. SNOMEDCT_US:446993003 UMLS:C2960760 Skeletal muscle calcinosis Calcification of muscles Deposition of calcium salts in muscle tissue. Calcium deposition affecting the Meninges. UMLS:C4022181 In general, meningeal calcifications are plaque-like and bilateral as seen on CT-scans. Meningeal calcification Calcium deposition affecting the Meninges. The presence of dysplastic regions in metaphyseal regions. MSH:C536252 SNOMEDCT_US:27837003 UMLS:C0265294 Metaphyseal dysplasia The presence of dysplastic regions in metaphyseal regions. A form of polydactyly in which the extra digit or digits are localized on the side of the thumb or great toe. SNOMEDCT_US:205135003 UMLS:C0345354 Polydactyly, preaxial Preaxial polydactyly A form of polydactyly in which the extra digit or digits are localized on the side of the thumb or great toe. Polydactyly, preaxial A form of polydactyly in which the extra digit or digits are localized on the side of the fifth finger or fifth toe. MSH:C562429 UMLS:C0220697 Polydactyly, postaxial Postaxial hexadactyly Postaxial polydactyly A form of polydactyly in which the extra digit or digits are localized on the side of the fifth finger or fifth toe. An abnormality of the structure or form of the tendons, also often called sinews. UMLS:C4021026 Abnormal shape of tendon Abnormality of the sinew A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fascia as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fascia connect muscles to other muscles. Tendons and muscles work together and can only exert a pulling force. Abnormal tendon morphology An abnormality of the structure or form of the tendons, also often called sinews. Abnormal shape of tendon The presence of an increased amount of muscle fibers with an increased diameter. This feature can be ascertained by microscopic examination of a muscle biopsy sample. Together with fiber size variation and atrophied muscle fibers, and hypertrophied muscle fibers are commonly found in myopathies. SNOMEDCT_US:42091004 UMLS:C0333759 Muscle fiber hypertrophy Muscle fibre hypertrophy Muscle hypertrophy can be assessed at the whole-muscle level (macroscopic methods) or the muscle fiber level (microscopic methods). This term refers to hypertrophy assessed at the microscopic level. Hypertrophied muscle fibers Muscle fibre hypertrophy SNOMEDCT_US:67867005 UMLS:C0333751 Muscle fiber atrophy Muscle fiber degeneration Muscle fibre degeneration Muscle fiber atrophy Muscle fiber degeneration Muscle fibre degeneration Immunological states where the immune system produces harmful responses upon reexposure to sensitizing antigens. UMLS:C0237653 Immunologic hypersensitivity Immunological states where the immune system produces harmful responses upon reexposure to sensitizing antigens. https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~gdk/bl4217web/Gp3%20Ref%20list/hypersensitivity%20printed.pdf UMLS:C4022134 Fibular deviation of the 5th toe The proximal interphalangeal joint of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C4021016 Camptodactyly of the 5th toe Camptodactyly of the fifth toe Contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe The proximal interphalangeal joint of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. The distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C4022130 Contracture of the outermost hinge joint of the 5th toe Contractures of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe The distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. Contracture of the outermost hinge joint of the 5th toe The joint between the fifth metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. UMLS:C4022126 Contracture of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th toe The joint between the fifth metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. A limitation in the passive range of motion of a joint of the upper limb resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. UMLS:C2750635 Contractures of the joints of the upper limbs Upper-limb joint contracture Developmental hypoplasia of one or more phalanx of little toe. UMLS:C4021012 Hypoplastic/small phalanges of the 5th toe Short little toe bone Short phalanx of the fifth toe Short pinkie toe bone Short pinky toe bone Short phalanx of the 5th toe Developmental hypoplasia of one or more phalanx of little toe. Short little toe bone Short pinkie toe bone Short pinky toe bone UMLS:C4022120 Absent/small outermost little toe bone Absent/small outermost pinkie toe bone Absent/small outermost pinky toe bone Absent/underdeveloped outermost pinky toe bone Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Absent/small outermost little toe bone Absent/small outermost pinkie toe bone Absent/small outermost pinky toe bone Absent/underdeveloped outermost pinky toe bone UMLS:C4022117 Absent/small middle 5th toe bone Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of little toe Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinkie toe Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinky toe Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe Absent/small middle 5th toe bone Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of little toe Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinkie toe Absent/underdeveloped middle bone of pinky toe Absence (agenesis) or underdevelopment of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe. UMLS:C4022114 Absent/small innermost little toe bone Absent/small innermost pinkie toe bone Absent/small innermost pinky toe bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost 5th toe bone Aplasia/hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Absence (agenesis) or underdevelopment of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe. Absent/small innermost little toe bone Absent/small innermost pinkie toe bone Absent/small innermost pinky toe bone Absent/underdeveloped innermost 5th toe bone Developmental hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of little toe. UMLS:C4021006 Hypoplastic/small distal phalanx of the 5th toe Short distal phalanx of the fifth toe Short outermost bone of the little toe Short outermost bone of the pinkie toe Short outermost bone of the pinky toe Short distal phalanx of the 5th toe Developmental hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of little toe. Short outermost bone of the little toe Short outermost bone of the pinkie toe Short outermost bone of the pinky toe Developmental hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe. UMLS:C4021003 Hypoplastic/small middle phalanx of the 5th toe Short middle bone of little toe Short middle bone of pinkie toe Short middle bone of pinky toe Short middle phalanx of the fifth toe Short middle phalanx of the 5th toe Developmental hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe. Hypoplastic/small middle phalanx of the 5th toe Short middle bone of little toe Short middle bone of pinkie toe Short middle bone of pinky toe Developmental hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of fifth toe. UMLS:C4021000 Hypoplastic/small proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Short innermost bone of little toe Short innermost bone of pinkie toe Short innermost bone of pinky toe Short proximal phalanx of the fifth toe Short proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Developmental hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of fifth toe. Hypoplastic/small proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Short innermost bone of little toe Short innermost bone of pinkie toe Short innermost bone of pinky toe Short proximal phalanx of the fifth toe Partial or complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little toe. UMLS:C4020997 Duplication of the distal phalanx of the fifth toe Duplication of the outermost bone of the fifth toe Duplication of the outermost bone of the little toe Duplication of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Duplication of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Partial/complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Duplication of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Partial or complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little toe. Duplication of the outermost bone of the fifth toe Duplication of the outermost bone of the little toe Duplication of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Duplication of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Partial or complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of fifth toe. UMLS:C4020991 Duplication of the innermost bone of the little toe Duplication of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Duplication of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Duplication of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe Partial/complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Partial or complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of fifth toe. Duplication of the innermost bone of the little toe Duplication of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Duplication of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little toe. UMLS:C4020988 Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the fifth toe Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the little toe Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe Complete duplication of the distal phalanx of little toe. Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the little toe Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the pinkie toe Complete duplication of the outermost bone of the pinky toe Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of fifth toe. UMLS:C4020984 Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the little toe Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the pinky toe Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of fifth toe. Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the little toe Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the pinkie toe Complete duplication of the innermost bone of the pinky toe The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension. SNOMEDCT_US:202281000 UMLS:C0409348 Camptodactyly of hands Camptodactyly of proximal interphalangeal joint Contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers Flexion contractures of proximal interphalangeal joints Permanent flexion of the finger Proximal interphalangeal finger joint contractures Note that some restrict the use of the term to inability to extend the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fifth finger. We do not restrict the term in this way. This term should not be used if the patient has Clenched hand. A similar effect can be created by radial angulation within the distal phalanx with thickening of the epiphysis, which is called Kirner deformity or dystelephalangy. The affected digits should be specified. Camptodactyly of finger The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension. PMID:19125433 Permanent flexion of the finger UMLS:C4020971 Abnormality of lower limb joint Abnormality of the joints of the lower limbs Abnormality of lower limb joint Abnormality of lower limb joint Abnormality of the joints of the lower limbs A decreased concentration of ammonia in the blood. UMLS:C4022041 Hypoammonemia A decreased concentration of ammonia in the blood. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:gcarletti Any structural anomaly of mast cells, which are found in almost all tissues and contain numerous basophilic granules and are capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. SNOMEDCT_US:397017008 UMLS:C1301149 Abnormality of mast cells Abnormality of mastocytes Mast cells (or mastocytes) can be found in several types of tissues and contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing and defense against pathogens. Mast cells possess a non-lobed nucleus and can work with basophils in the immune defense against worms. Their cell membrane is covered with Fc recepros that may be attached to class E antibodies. Abnormal mast cell morphology Any structural anomaly of mast cells, which are found in almost all tissues and contain numerous basophilic granules and are capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. The presence of an increased number of mast cells and CD34+ mast cell precursors in the body. MSH:D008415 SNOMEDCT_US:125541005 SNOMEDCT_US:397007003 UMLS:C0024899 Mastocytosis The presence of an increased number of mast cells and CD34+ mast cell precursors in the body. UMLS:C4022039 Deviation of toes UMLS:C4020970 Lateral deviation of toes Fibular deviation of toes A reduced circulating concentration of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9. MSH:D005494 SNOMEDCT_US:190633005 UMLS:C0016412 Folate deficiency Vitamin B9 deficiency Reduced blood folate concentration A reduced circulating concentration of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9. Folate deficiency An anomaly in the metabolism of a vitamin. UMLS:C4022036 Abnormality of vitamin metabolism Vitamins are organic substances that are essential in minute quantities and not produced within the body, instead being present in natural foodstuffs. Vitamins act as coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes in the regulation of metabolic processes. Abnormality of vitamin metabolism An anomaly in the metabolism of a vitamin. Abnormality of vitamin metabolism UMLS:C4022035 Abnormality of vitamin D metabolism Abnormality of vitamin D metabolism Abnormality of vitamin D metabolism The concentration of vitamin D in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. MSH:D014808 SNOMEDCT_US:34713006 UMLS:C0042870 Deficient in vitamin D Low levels of vitamin D Vitamin D deficiency Decreased circulating vitamin D concentration Deficient in vitamin D Vitamin D deficiency A reduced concentration of vitamin E in the blood circulation. Vitamin E is a lipophilic vitamin that is also known as alpha-tocopherol. MSH:D014811 SNOMEDCT_US:54137008 UMLS:C0042875 Alpha-tocopherol deficiency Low levels of vitamin E Vitamin E deficiency Decreased circulating vitamin E concentration A reduced concentration of vitamin E in the blood circulation. Vitamin E is a lipophilic vitamin that is also known as alpha-tocopherol. PMID:30559825 Alpha-tocopherol deficiency Vitamin E deficiency Concentration of vitamin E in the blood circulation outside of normal limits. UMLS:C4022034 Abnormal circulating vitamin E concentration The presence of a neoplasm of the ureter. MSH:D014516 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126882009 SNOMEDCT_US:363458004 UMLS:C0041955 UMLS:C0153619 Neoplasia of the ureters ureter, cancer of Neoplasm of the ureter The presence of a neoplasm of the ureter. Absence of urine, clinically classified as below 50ml/day. MSH:D001002 SNOMEDCT_US:2472002 UMLS:C0003460 Absent urine output Anuria Absence of urine, clinically classified as below 50ml/day. Absent urine output Congenital duplication of all or part of a limb. SNOMEDCT_US:34488005 UMLS:C0265551 Dimelia Limb duplication Limb duplication Limb duplication An abnormality of phosphate homeostasis or concentration in the body. UMLS:C4022032 Abnormality of phosphate homeostasis Abnormal blood phosphate concentration An abnormality of phosphate homeostasis or concentration in the body. Any deviation from the normal concentration in the blood circulation of a hormone that is involved in the regulation of phosphate and calcium. UMLS:C4022031 Abnormal Ca-PHOS regulating hormone level Abnormal Ca2+ PO4 regulating hormone level Abnormal circulating calcium-phosphate regulating hormone concentration Abnormal Ca-PHOS regulating hormone level Abnormal Ca2+ PO4 regulating hormone level Inflammation of the eye, parts of the eye or the periorbital region. UMLS:C4020969 Inflammatory abnormality of the eye Ocular inflammation Inflammatory abnormality of the eye Inflammation of the eye, parts of the eye or the periorbital region. Inflammatory abnormality of the eye An abnormal site of the kidney. UMLS:C4020968 Abnormal localisation of kidneys Abnormal localization of kidney An abnormal site of the kidney. Abnormal localisation of kidneys Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering. MSH:D060825 SNOMEDCT_US:386806002 UMLS:C0338656 UMLS:C0683322 Abnormality of cognition Cognitive abnormality Cognitive defects Cognitive deficits Cognitive impairment Intellectual impairment An individual with cognitive impairment may experience difficulties in remembering, learning new things, concentrating, or making decisions. Cognitive impairment Abnormality of cognition Cognitive abnormality Cognitive defects Cognitive deficits Cognitive impairment Intellectual impairment An abnormality of the forebrain, which has as its parts the telencephalon, diencephalon, lateral ventricles and third ventricle. UMLS:C4020967 Abnormal shape of forebrain Abnormality of forebrain morphology Abnormality of the forebrain Abnormal forebrain morphology An abnormality of the forebrain, which has as its parts the telencephalon, diencephalon, lateral ventricles and third ventricle. Abnormal shape of forebrain An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of one or more vertebrae. UMLS:C4020966 Abnormal bone maturation of vertebra Abnormal vertebral ossification Abnormality of ossification/mineralisation of vertebrae Abnormally ossified vertebrae An abnormality of the formation and mineralization of one or more vertebrae. Abnormal bone maturation of vertebra A cardiac diverticulum is a rare congenital malformation which is either fibrous or muscular. UMLS:C4020965 Ventricular diverticulum Cardiac diverticulum A cardiac diverticulum is a rare congenital malformation which is either fibrous or muscular. A fibrous cardiac diverticulum refers to an aneurysm and usually appears as an isolated congenital anomaly. UMLS:C4020964 Congenital ventricular aneurysm Fibrous cardiac diverticulum A fibrous cardiac diverticulum refers to an aneurysm and usually appears as an isolated congenital anomaly. UMLS:C4022021 Muscular cardiac diverticulum Inflammation of the urinary bladder. MSH:D003556 SNOMEDCT_US:38822007 UMLS:C0010692 Cystitis of the urinary bladder Urinary bladder inflammation Urinary bladder inflammation Inflammation of the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder inflammation An inflammation of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart, which usually involves the heart valves. MSH:D004696 SNOMEDCT_US:56819008 UMLS:C0014118 Endocarditis An inflammation of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart, which usually involves the heart valves. An abnormality of the retractable fold of skin that covers the tip of the penis. UMLS:C4022016 Abnormality of the preputium Abnormal preputium morphology The presence of calcium deposition in cartilage. UMLS:C4022015 Calcification of cartilage The nostrils (the paired channels of the nose) are not present. UMLS:C4020707 UMLS:C4020963 Abouphalia Aplasia of the nares Missing nostrils Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the nares Absent nares The nostrils (the paired channels of the nose) are not present. Missing nostrils A general term for inflammation of the muscles without respect to the underlying cause. MSH:D009220 SNOMEDCT_US:128496001 SNOMEDCT_US:26889001 UMLS:C0027121 Muscle inflammation Many such conditions are considered likely to be caused by autoimmune conditions, rather than directly due to infection, although autoimmune conditions can be activated or exacerbated by infections. It is also a documented side effect of the lipid-lowering drugs such as statins and fibrates. Elevation of creatine kinase in blood is indicative of myositis. Myositis A general term for inflammation of the muscles without respect to the underlying cause. Muscle inflammation UMLS:C4020962 Wide rib cage Wide thorax Enlarged thorax Wide rib cage The presence of a diverticulum of the esophagus. MSH:D004936 SNOMEDCT_US:204667006 SNOMEDCT_US:414133009 UMLS:C0014854 Esophageal pouch A diverticulum is a blind ended outpouching through the wall of a tubular organ or bounded cavity. Esophageal diverticulum The presence of a diverticulum of the esophagus. Inflammation of the thyroid gland. MSH:D013966 SNOMEDCT_US:82119001 UMLS:C0040147 Thyroid gland inflammation Thyroiditis Inflammation of the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland inflammation An anomaly of the cerebral blood vessels. UMLS:C4022001 Abnormality of the cerebral blood vessels Abnormality of the cerebral vasculature Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology An anomaly of the cerebral blood vessels. PMID:30335330 Abnormality of the cerebral blood vessels Inflammation of cartilage. SNOMEDCT_US:46176001 UMLS:C0008439 Cartilage inflammation Chondritis Inflammation of cartilage. Cartilage inflammation A developmental disorder in which there is a duplication the entire intestine or of a portion of the intestine. SNOMEDCT_US:3845008 UMLS:C0266166 UMLS:C4020702 Bowel duplication Gut duplication Intestinal duplication A developmental disorder in which there is a duplication the entire intestine or of a portion of the intestine. Bowel duplication Gut duplication A developmental disorder in which there is a duplication of a portion of the muscle and submucosa of the esophagus without epithelial duplication. SNOMEDCT_US:66865009 UMLS:C0266135 Esophageal duplication is a rare cause of mediastinal mass. An esophageal duplication may be a simple epithelial cyst or duplication that contains muscle and submucosa but not epithelium. In most cases, the duplication is located in the lower thrid of the esophagus, and the most common associated symptom is difficulty in swallowing. Esophageal duplication occurs because of maldevelopment of the posterior division of embryonic foregut. Esophageal duplication A developmental disorder in which there is a duplication of a portion of the muscle and submucosa of the esophagus without epithelial duplication. PMID:10464795 UMLS:C4021995 Abnormality of the curvature of the cornea An abnormality of the glia cell. UMLS:C4021993 Abnormality of the glial cells Glia are nonneuronal cells of the nervous system that provide physical support, respond to injury, regulate the composition of the extracellular milieu, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Abnormal glial cell morphology An abnormality of the glia cell. An abnormality of the thoracic vertebral column. UMLS:C4021989 Abnormality of the thoracic spine Abnormal thoracic spine morphology An abnormality of the thoracic vertebral column. Any structural abnormality of the lumbar vertebral column. UMLS:C4021988 Abnormality of the lumbar spine Abnormal lumbar spine morphology Any structural abnormality of the lumbar vertebral column. A sectoral indentation of the crystalline lens, usually due to zonular weakness or absence. SNOMEDCT_US:204134008 UMLS:C0344516 Lens coloboma A sectoral indentation of the crystalline lens, usually due to zonular weakness or absence. UMLS:C2748652 Big face Large face Large facies Large face Big face Large face Large facies An anomaly of one or more epiphyses of one or more vertebrae. UMLS:C4020953 Abnormal shape of the end part of the vertebra bone Abnormality of the vertebral epiphyses Abnormality of vertebral epiphysis morphology Abnormal vertebral epiphysis morphology Abnormal shape of the end part of the vertebra bone MSH:D012004 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126847008 UMLS:C0034885 Rectal tumor Rectal tumour Neoplasm of the rectum Rectal tumor Rectal tumour UMLS:C4021978 Abnormal spit Abnormality of salivation Abnormality of salivation Abnormal spit Abnormality of salivation An anomaly of the lymphatic system, a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally towards either the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct, which in turn drain into the right and left subclavian veins respectively. MSH:D008206 SNOMEDCT_US:111590001 SNOMEDCT_US:234087005 SNOMEDCT_US:3305006 SNOMEDCT_US:362971004 UMLS:C0024228 UMLS:C4021976 Lymphatic disease Abnormality of the lymphatic system An anomaly of the lymphatic system, a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally towards either the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct, which in turn drain into the right and left subclavian veins respectively. An abnormality of the tonsils. UMLS:C4021975 Abnormality of the tonsils An abnormality of the tonsils. A structural anomaly of the vessel that contains or conveys lymph fluid. UMLS:C4021974 Abnormality of the lymphatic vessels Abnormal lymphatic vessel morphology A structural anomaly of the vessel that contains or conveys lymph fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_vessel An abnormality of the placenta, the organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to enable nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange. SNOMEDCT_US:169957005 SNOMEDCT_US:33552005 UMLS:C1306893 Abnormality of the placenta Placental issue The placenta is a fetomaternal organ. The fetal portion of the placenta is the villous chorion and the maternal portion is the decidua basalis. The two portions are connected by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell. Abnormal placenta morphology An abnormality of the placenta, the organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to enable nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange. Placental issue Excessively active peristalsis (wave of contraction of the tubular organs of the gastrointestinal tract) marked by excessive rapidity of the passage of food through the stomach and intestine. Stomach churning SNOMEDCT_US:271838002 SNOMEDCT_US:80306002 UMLS:C0232474 UMLS:C0857071 Hyperperistalsis Excessively active peristalsis (wave of contraction of the tubular organs of the gastrointestinal tract) marked by excessive rapidity of the passage of food through the stomach and intestine. Stomach churning http://www.healthhype.com/stomach-churning-sensation-feeling-causes-remedies.html Reduced or inadequate peristalsis, with resultant slow passage of contents through the digestive tract. SNOMEDCT_US:77853002 UMLS:C0232475 UMLS:C4020700 Intestinal hypoperistalsis Hypoperistalsis Reduced or inadequate peristalsis, with resultant slow passage of contents through the digestive tract. Intestinal hypoperistalsis Excessive growth or abnormal thickening of bone tissue. MSH:D015576 SNOMEDCT_US:13814009 SNOMEDCT_US:203514008 UMLS:C0020492 Bone Hypertrophy Bone overgrowth Hyperostosis refers to a localized bone overgrowth process (as opposed to sclerosis, which refers to a generalized disturbance with increased bone density). Hyperostosis Excessive growth or abnormal thickening of bone tissue. Bone overgrowth An anomaly of the sacroiliac joint, which connects the base of the spine (sacrum) to the ilium (a hip bone). UMLS:C0262621 Abnormality of the sacroiliac joint The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a true diarthrodial joint: matching articular surfaces separated by a joint space containing synovial fluid and enveloped by a fibrous capsule. It does, however, have unique characteristics not typically found in other diarthrodial joints. The SIJ has fibrocartilage in addition to hyaline cartilage. There is discontinuity of the posterior capsule. Rather than being smooth, the articular surfaces have many ridges and depressions that minimize movement and enhance stability. Primary stability, however, is attributed to the many adjacent ligaments. Abnormal sacroiliac joint morphology An anomaly of the sacroiliac joint, which connects the base of the spine (sacrum) to the ilium (a hip bone). PMID:16700283 A congenital underdevelopment (aplasia or hypoplasia) of the pancreas. UMLS:C4021968 Absent/small pancreas Absent/underdeveloped pancreas Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the pancreas A congenital underdevelopment (aplasia or hypoplasia) of the pancreas. Absent/small pancreas Absent/underdeveloped pancreas The middle finger is more than 2 SD above the mean for newborns 27 to 41 weeks EGA or above the 97th centile for children from birth to 16 years of age AND the five digits retain their normal length proportions relative to each other (i.e., it is not the case that the middle finger is the only lengthened digit), or, Fingers that appear disproportionately long compared to the palm of the hand. UMLS:C1858091 Long fingers Long fingers The middle finger is more than 2 SD above the mean for newborns 27 to 41 weeks EGA or above the 97th centile for children from birth to 16 years of age AND the five digits retain their normal length proportions relative to each other (i.e., it is not the case that the middle finger is the only lengthened digit), or, Fingers that appear disproportionately long compared to the palm of the hand. PMID:19125433 Long fingers An outpouching of the gastric wall. MSH:D013273 SNOMEDCT_US:75198005 UMLS:C0038355 Stomach diverticulum Gastric diverticulum may be asymptomatic or may present with a vague sensation of fullness or discomfort in the upper abdomen, or with acute upper gastrointestinal bleed or perforation. Gastric diverticulum An outpouching of the gastric wall. PMID:22257431 Congenital absence or underdevelopment of the colon. UMLS:C4021964 Absent/small colon Absent/underdeveloped colon Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the colon Congenital absence or underdevelopment of the colon. Absent/small colon Absent/underdeveloped colon Increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood. MSH:D008218 SNOMEDCT_US:67023009 UMLS:C0024282 High lymphocyte count Lymphocytosis Increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood. High lymphocyte count An abnormal increase in the total number of T cells detected in the blood. UMLS:C4021960 Increase in T cell count Increase in T cell number Increased T cell count Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin with a role in promoting the coagulation cascade. UMLS:C4021958 Abnormality of vitamin K metabolism Abnormality of vitamin K metabolism Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin with a role in promoting the coagulation cascade. Abnormality of vitamin K metabolism The presence of a neoplasm of the small intestine. NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126832004 UMLS:C0345832 Small intestine tumor Small intestine tumour An estimated 40% of small bowel cancers are adenocarcinomas, 40% are carcinoids, 15% are sarcomas (GI stromal tumors), and less than 5% are lymphomas. Neoplasm of the small intestine The presence of a neoplasm of the small intestine. Small intestine tumor Small intestine tumour The presence of a neoplasm of the large intestine. MSH:D015179 NCIT:C3262 SNOMEDCT_US:126837005 UMLS:C0009404 Large intestine tumor Large intestine tumour Neoplasm of the large intestine The presence of a neoplasm of the large intestine. Large intestine tumor Large intestine tumour Abnormalities in the intensity, frequency, or duration of emotional experiences. UMLS:C4020949 Abnormal emotion processing Abnormal emotion/affect behavior Abnormal emotion/affect behaviour Abnormal mood/emotion/affect Abnormal mood/emotion/affect/thought Emotion dysregulation Abnormal emotion Abnormal emotion/affect behaviour An abnormal fear-induced behavior includes observable actions. This behavior is characterized by abnormal responses to fear or abnormal fear levels. Examples of such behavior include avoiding fear-inducing situations. UMLS:C4018849 Abnormal fear-induced behavior Abnormal fear/anxiety-related behavior Abnormal fear/anxiety-related behaviour Internal responses to fear, which are experienced by an individual and do not necessarily involve clear behavioral changes (observable actions), should be labeled with a term for fear-related cognition, such as HP:5200230. Abnormal fear-induced behavior Abnormal fear/anxiety-related behaviour Decreased ossification of the vertebral bodies. UMLS:C4021953 Poorly ossified vertebrae Decreased ossification of the vertebral bodies. UMLS:C4021950 Absent femoral head Aplasia of the femoral head Absent femoral head UMLS:C4021949 Absent neck of thighbone Aplasia of the femoral neck Absent neck of thighbone An abnormally short femoral neck (which is the process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft). UMLS:C1836184 Hypoplasia of the femoral neck Hypoplastic femoral neck Short femoral necks Short neck of thighbone Short femoral neck An abnormally short femoral neck (which is the process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft). Short neck of thighbone Underdevelopment of the iliac bones. UMLS:C1849063 Short pelvis bones Short iliac bones Underdevelopment of the iliac bones. PMID:29019756 Short pelvis bones Cystic, urine-containing intrarenal cavities lined with transitional cell epithelium that communicate through a narrow channel with the collecting system. SNOMEDCT_US:433036004 UMLS:C2315541 Caliceal diverticulum Pelvic diverticulum Renal pelvic diverticulum Renal diverticulum Cystic, urine-containing intrarenal cavities lined with transitional cell epithelium that communicate through a narrow channel with the collecting system. SNOMEDCT_US:198319004 UMLS:C0151994 Enlarged uterus Enlarged uterus Enlarged uterus SNOMEDCT_US:66998000 UMLS:C0392039 Enlarged ovaries Enlarged ovaries Enlarged ovaries An abnormality in the placement of the ocular globe (eyeball). UMLS:C4021946 Abnormality of eyeball location Abnormality of eyeball position Abnormality of globe position Abnormality of globe location An abnormality in the placement of the ocular globe (eyeball). Abnormality of eyeball location Abnormality of eyeball position Abnormality of globe position An abnormality in the size of the ocular globe (eyeball). UMLS:C4021945 Abnormality of eyeball size Eye size difference Abnormality of globe size An abnormality in the size of the ocular globe (eyeball). Abnormality of eyeball size Eye size difference An abnormality of the Common bile duct, a tube-like anatomic structure in the human gastrointestinal tract, formed by the union of the Common hepatic duct and the Cystic duct from the gall bladder. UMLS:C4020944 Abnormality of the common bile duct Abnormality of the ductus choledochus Abnormal ductus choledochus morphology An abnormality of the Common bile duct, a tube-like anatomic structure in the human gastrointestinal tract, formed by the union of the Common hepatic duct and the Cystic duct from the gall bladder. An elevation in bone density in one or more foot bones. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. UMLS:C4020931 Increased bone density in foot bone Sclerosis of bones of the feet Sclerosis of foot bone An elevation in bone density in one or more foot bones. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. Increased bone density in foot bone Any structural abnormality of the medulla of the kidney. UMLS:C4021911 Abnormality of the renal medulla The renal pyramids of the adult kidney resemble a cone with a broad base adjacent to the renal cortex and the narrow apex that is termed papilla. The adult renal medulla is made up of 10-18 pyramids. A pyramid consists of the medullary collecting ducts, loops of Henle, vasa recta (straight capillaries) and the interstitium. The main function of the medulla is to regulate concentration of the urine. The urine flows from the collecting ducts into the renal calyces and pelvis. Abnormal renal medulla morphology Any structural abnormality of the medulla of the kidney. PMID:22343825 The presence of multiple polyps in the intestine. Growths in inner lining of intestine MSH:D044483 UMLS:C0744333 UMLS:C1257915 Multiple intestinal polyps Gastrointestinal polyps Intestinal polyposis The presence of multiple polyps in the intestine. Growths in inner lining of intestine Gastrointestinal polyps Disproportionately small hand. SNOMEDCT_US:299032009 UMLS:C0575802 Disproportionately small hands Small hand Small hands Small hand Disproportionately small hand. Disproportionately small hands Small hand Small hands Multiple abnormal growths that arise from the lining of the large intestine (colon or rectum) and protrude into the intestinal lumen. SNOMEDCT_US:399505005 UMLS:C0949059 Colorectal polyps Colorectal polyposis SNOMEDCT_US:247177004 UMLS:C0521683 Chorioretinal degeneration Median longitudinal ear length greater than two SD above the mean determined by the maximal distance from the superior aspect to the inferior aspect of the external ear. UMLS:C1848657 Long ear Long ears The commonly used term Macrotia is a bundled term comprising increased length and width (surface area). Long ear Median longitudinal ear length greater than two SD above the mean determined by the maximal distance from the superior aspect to the inferior aspect of the external ear. PMID:19152421 eom:2028381d5c61842a Long ear Long ears Median longitudinal ear length less than two SD above the mean determined by the maximal distance from the superior aspect to the inferior aspect of the external ear. UMLS:C3551041 Short ear Short ears The commonly used term Microtia is a bundled term comprising decreased length and width (surface area). Short ear Median longitudinal ear length less than two SD above the mean determined by the maximal distance from the superior aspect to the inferior aspect of the external ear. PMID:19152421 eom:2cff5ac9b681fc73 Short ear Short ears An abnormality of the vomer. UMLS:C4020914 Abnormality of vomer Abnormality of vomer bone Defect of vomer Abnormal vomer morphology Abnormality of vomer bone Abnormality of the first branch of the internal carotid artery. UMLS:C4073185 Ophthalmic artery anomaly The ophthalmic artery (OA) is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the OA supply all the structures in the orbit as well as some structures in the nose, face and meninges. Abnormality of ophthalmic artery Abnormality of the first branch of the internal carotid artery. Ophthalmic artery anomaly Any abnormality of the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. UMLS:C4073187 Abnormality of the peripheral nervous system Abnormality of the peripheral nervous system Any abnormality of the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. Abnormality of the peripheral nervous system Any abnormality of the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with sensation and skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements. UMLS:C4073188 The SoNS consists of afferent and efferent nerves. Afferent nerves are responsible for relaying sensation to the central nervous system; efferent nerves are responsible for stimulating muscle contraction, including all the non-sensory neurons connected with skeletal muscles and skin. Abnormality of the somatic nervous system Any abnormality of the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with sensation and skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements. Any abnormality of the somatic nerve plexus. UMLS:C4073189 Abnormality of somatic nerve plexus Any abnormality of the somatic nerve plexus. An abnormality of nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system. UMLS:C4073193 Abnormality of ganglion Abnormal ganglion morphology An abnormality of nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion An abnormality of nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral autonomic nervous system. UMLS:C4073194 Abnormality of ganglion of peripheral nervous system Abnormal peripheral nervous system ganglion morphology An abnormality of nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral autonomic nervous system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion An abnormality of nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system of the cranium. UMLS:C4073195 Abnormality of cranial ganglion Abnormal cranial ganglion morphology An abnormality of nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system of the cranium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion Any abnormality of the periodontium. 2017-06-20T21:40:50Z Abnormality of the periodontium Abnormal periodontium morphology A gap in the lip or lips. 2017-06-20T22:17:35Z Cleft lip Cleft of the lip Cleft lip Cleft lip Any abnormality in the activation of T cells, i.e. the change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. 2017-06-22T19:07:54Z Abnormal T lymphocyte activation Abnormal T-cell activation Abnormal T-lymphocyte activation Abnormal T cell activation Any structural anomaly of the bile-secreting organ that is important for detoxification, for fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, and for glycogen storage. 2017-09-20T00:22:53Z Fyler:4447 Abnormal liver morphology Any structural anomaly of the bile-secreting organ that is important for detoxification, for fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, and for glycogen storage. MP:0000598 Any structural anomaly of the hollow epithelial tube found on the dorsal side of the vertebrate embryo that develops into the central nervous system (i.e. brain and spinal cord). 2017-09-20T00:25:37Z Fyler:4339 Abnormal neural tube morphology Any structural anomaly of the hollow epithelial tube found on the dorsal side of the vertebrate embryo that develops into the central nervous system (i.e. brain and spinal cord). MP:0002151 An increase in the level of ribose in the urine. 2018-01-30T00:47:12Z Ribose is a pentose monosaccharide. Increased level of ribose in urine An increase in the level of ribose in the urine. PMID:14988808 The concentration of ribose in the cerebrospinal fluid is above the upper limit of normal. 2018-01-30T00:47:46Z Increased level of ribose in CSF Increased level of ribose in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF ribose concentration The concentration of ribose in the cerebrospinal fluid is above the upper limit of normal. PMID:14988808 Any abnormality of the chest muscles. 2018-05-01T17:37:03Z Muscle issues in the chest Abnormality of the chest musculature Abnormal morphology of the chest musculature Muscle issues in the chest Any abnormality of the back muscles. 2018-05-01T17:38:59Z Muscle issues in the back Abnormality of the back musculature Muscle issues in the back Any abnormality of the shoulder muscles. 2018-05-01T17:39:54Z Abnormality of the shoulder musculature Muscle issues in the shoulder Abnormal morphology of the shoulder musculature Muscle issues in the shoulder An increase in the level of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) in the blood. 2018-05-21T17:36:23Z Elevated circulating ketone body concentration Increased level of ketone bodies in blood Ketonemia Hyperketonemia An increase in the level of ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) in the blood. PMID:27036365 Increased level of ketone bodies in blood A reduced concentration of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9 in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2018-09-12T00:12:26Z Folate deficiency in cerebrospinal fluid Cerebral folate deficiency is usually measured as low levels of folate in the CSF, in the presence of normal folate metabolism outside the nervous system. Folate deficiency in CSF A reduced concentration of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9 in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:15581159 An abnormality in any umbilical cord measurement performed after birth, such as the blood gas level. 2018-09-12T00:35:41Z Abnormal cord blood measurement An abnormality in any umbilical cord measurement performed after birth, such as the blood gas level. PMID:7926229 2018-09-12T00:44:12Z Abnormal blood gas level in cord blood Partial or complete wasting (loss) of the pituitary gland. 2018-10-30T19:54:09Z Atrophic pituitary Pituitary gland atrophy Atrophic pituitary gland Partial or complete wasting (loss) of the pituitary gland. DOI:10.1530/endoabs.44.EP82 An abnormal form or size of neutrophils in the cerebrospinal fluid. Abnormality of neutrophil morphology in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormality of neutrophil morphology in CSF An abnormal form or size of neutrophils in the cerebrospinal fluid. Absence of the sebaceous gland, the holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts. Absence of sebaceous glands Absent sebaceous glands Absence of the sebaceous gland, the holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts. MP:0000647 An abnormality of the frontal bone. UMLS:C4021873 Abnormality of the bone of the forehead Abnormality of the frontal bone Abnormal morphology of frontal bone Anomaly of the frontal bone Deformity of the frontal bone Malformation of the frontal bone Abnormal frontal bone morphology An abnormality of the frontal bone. HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:GOC_MG Abnormality of the bone of the forehead Abnormal morphology of frontal bone Anomaly of the frontal bone Deformity of the frontal bone Malformation of the frontal bone An abnormality of the ethmoid bone UMLS:C4021869 Abnormality of ethmoid bone Anomaly of the ethmoid bone Deformity of the ethmoid bone Malformation of the ethmoid bone Abnormal ethmoid bone morphology An abnormality of the ethmoid bone HPO_CONTRIBUTOR:GOC_MG Anomaly of the ethmoid bone Deformity of the ethmoid bone Malformation of the ethmoid bone An abnormality of any of the muscles of the pharynx. UMLS:C4073197 Abnormality of muscles of the pharynx Abnormality of musculature of pharynx Abnormality of pharyngeal musculature Abnormality of pharynx musculature Abnormal morphology of musculature of pharynx An abnormality of any of the muscles of the pharynx. An abnormality of the muscles of the structure of the nose. UMLS:C4073200 Abnormality of muscle of nose Abnormality of musculature of the nose Abnormality of nasal musculature Abnormality of nasal musculature An abnormality of the muscles of the structure of the nose. Abnormality of muscle of nose Abnormality of musculature of the nose Abnormality of nasal musculature The capability that a small joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. Small joints include metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, second to fifth metatarsophalangeal joints, and wrists. 2024-01-07T09:36:17Z Small joint hypermobilty The capability that a large joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. Large joints include shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles. 2024-01-07T09:39:20Z Large joint hypermobilty Intracranial calcifications refer to calcifications within the brain parenchyma or vasculature. The five major components of the brain comprise the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus. 2024-01-25T08:18:11Z Intracranial calcifications Brain calcification pineal gland, choroid plexus, habenula, falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli Intracranial calcification Intracranial calcifications refer to calcifications within the brain parenchyma or vasculature. The five major components of the brain comprise the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus. PMID:31558966 Intracranial calcifications Any deviation of the concentration of an orrganic compound from the normal range. An organic compound is defined as any compound that contains a carbon atom. 2024-01-30T05:58:49Z Abnormal circulating organic compound concentration Any deviation of the concentration of beta-carotene in the blood circulation from the normal range. 2024-01-30T06:01:12Z Abnormal circulating beta-carotene concentration The concentration of beta-carotene in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. 2024-01-30T06:01:59Z Decreased circulating beta-carotene concentration The concentration of beta-carotene in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. 2024-01-30T06:02:06Z Increased circulating beta-carotene concentration Congenital absence or underdevelopment of the uterine cervix. 2024-02-22T07:00:04Z Aplasia/hypoplasia of the uterine cervix Inflammation of the urethra. Urethritis is characterized by discharge, dysuria and/or urethral discomfort but may be asymptomatic. Common etiologies include gonococcal urethritis as well as infection by chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis, anaerobes, herpes simplex virus, and adenovirus. Urethritis Inflammation of the urethra. PMID:26220178 Underdevelopment of the musculature of the pelvis. 2017-05-25T16:53:10Z Hypoplasia of the musculature of the pelvis Any abnormality in the proportion natural killer subsets relative to the total number of natural killer cells. 2018-01-08T19:18:59Z Abnormal natural killer subset distribution A decreased amount of valine in the blood. 2018-10-01T14:47:05Z Low blood valine concentration Hypovalinemia A decreased amount of valine in the blood. Low blood valine concentration An decreased concentration of tyrosine in the blood. 2018-10-01T15:01:56Z Decreased tyrosine in blood Low blood tyrosine concentration Hypotyrosinemia An decreased concentration of tyrosine in the blood. Decreased tyrosine in blood Low blood tyrosine concentration An increased amount of serine in the blood. 2018-10-01T16:54:02Z Elevated circulating serine levels High blood serine levels Increased serine blood concentration Hyperserinemia High blood serine levels Increased serine blood concentration A decreased amount of phenylalanine in the blood. 2018-10-03T19:58:21Z Decreased blood phenylalanine Low blood phenylalanine Hypophenylalaninemia A decreased amount of phenylalanine in the blood. Decreased blood phenylalanine Low blood phenylalanine A decreased amount of lysine in the blood. 2018-10-03T20:04:58Z Decreased blood lysine Low blood lysine levels Hypolysinemia A decreased amount of lysine in the blood. Decreased blood lysine Low blood lysine levels Decreased amount of leucine in the blood. 2018-10-04T13:17:00Z Decreased blood concentration of leucine Low blood leucine levels Hypoleucinemia Decreased amount of leucine in the blood. Decreased blood concentration of leucine Low blood leucine levels A decreased amount of isoleucine in the blood. 2018-10-04T13:22:24Z Decreased blood isoleucine concentration Low blood isoleucine levels Hypoisoleucinemia A decreased amount of isoleucine in the blood. Decreased blood isoleucine concentration Low blood isoleucine levels Any deviation from the normal concentration of glutamate in the blood circulation. 2018-10-04T14:22:57Z Abnormality of glutamate metabolism Abnormal circulating glutamate concentration Concentration of glutamate in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. 2018-10-04T14:29:35Z High blood glutamate levels Increased blood glutamate concentration Increased level of L-glutamic acid in blood Under normal circumstances, plasma glutamate concentration is 5-100 microM/L, the whole blood concentration is 150-300 microM/L while in the brain's ECF it is only 0.3-2 microM/L. Hyperglutamatemia Concentration of glutamate in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. PMID:22949847 PMID:7623444 High blood glutamate levels Increased blood glutamate concentration Under normal circumstances, plasma glutamate concentration is 5-100 microM/L, the whole blood concentration is 150-300 microM/L while in the brain's ECF it is only 0.3-2 microM/L. PMID:22949847 A decreased amount of glutamate in the blood. 2018-10-04T14:29:47Z Decreased blood glutamate concentrations Low blood glutamate levels Under normal circumstances, plasma glutamate concentration is 5-100 microM/L, the whole blood concentration is 150-300 microM/L while in the brain's ECF it is only 0.3-2 microM/L. Hypoglutamatemia A decreased amount of glutamate in the blood. PMID:22949847 Decreased blood glutamate concentrations Low blood glutamate levels Under normal circumstances, plasma glutamate concentration is 5-100 microM/L, the whole blood concentration is 150-300 microM/L while in the brain's ECF it is only 0.3-2 microM/L. PMID:22949847 An increased amount of arginine levels in the blood. 2018-10-05T14:45:02Z High blood arginine levels Increased blood arginine concentration Hyperargininemia An increased amount of arginine levels in the blood. High blood arginine levels Increased blood arginine concentration An abnormal decrease in ornithine in the blood. 2018-10-12T13:25:49Z Decreased blood ornithine concentrations Low blood ornithine levels Hypoornithinemia An abnormal decrease in ornithine in the blood. Decreased blood ornithine concentrations Low blood ornithine levels Any deviation from the normal concentration of a carboxylic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:15:53Z Abnormal CSF carboxylic acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:20:22Z Abnormal CSF amino acid level Abnormal amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid amino acid level Abnormal CSF amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of branched-chain amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:24:13Z Abnormal branched-chain amino acid levels in cerbrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF branched chain amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of branched-chain amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal branched-chain amino acid levels in cerbrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of valine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:28:13Z Abnormal valine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF valine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of valine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal valine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any increased amount from normal of valine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:37:57Z High valine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF valine concentration Any increased amount from normal of valine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High valine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any decreased amount from normal of valine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:40:23Z Low valine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF valine concentration Any decreased amount from normal of valine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low valine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of leucine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:52:19Z Abnormal leucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF leucine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of leucine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal leucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of leucine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:52:49Z Low leucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF leucine concentration Abnormally decreased levels of leucine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low leucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of leucine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T15:53:12Z High leucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF leucine concentration Abnormally increased levels of leucine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High leucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of isoleucine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T16:24:44Z Abnormal isoleucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF isoleucine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of isoleucine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal isoleucine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T16:25:11Z High levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF isoleucine concentration Abnormally increased levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T16:25:36Z Low levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF isoleucine concentration Abnormally decreased levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low levels of isoleucine in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of glutamine-family amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T16:41:53Z Abnormal glutamine family amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF glutamine family amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of glutamine-family amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal glutamine family amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of glutamic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T16:56:56Z Abnormal glutamic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF glutamate concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of glutamic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal glutamic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of glutamic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T16:57:13Z High glutamic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF glutamate concentration Abnormally increased levels of glutamic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High glutamic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of glutamic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T16:57:30Z Low glutamic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF glutamate concentration Abnormally decreased levels of glutamic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low glutamic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of arginine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T17:12:23Z Abnormal arginine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF arginine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of arginine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal arginine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of arginine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T17:12:38Z High arginine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF arginine concentration Abnormally increased levels of arginine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High arginine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of arginine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T17:12:54Z Low arginine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF arginine concentration Abnormally decreased levels of arginine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low arginine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of aspartate-family amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T18:30:37Z Abnormal aspartate-family amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF aspartate family amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of aspartate-family amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of lysine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T18:31:42Z Abnormal lysine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF lysine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of lysine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal lysine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of lysine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T18:31:54Z Low lysine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF lysine concentration Abnormally decreased levels of lysine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low lysine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of lysine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T18:32:16Z High lysine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF lysine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of methionine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T18:58:00Z Abnormal methionine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF methionine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of methionine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal methionine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Concentration of methionine in the cerebrospinal fluid above the upper limit of normal. 2019-02-25T18:58:44Z High methionine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF methionine concentration Concentration of methionine in the cerebrospinal fluid above the upper limit of normal. PMID:715764 High methionine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of aromatic amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T19:28:05Z Abnormal aromatic amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF aromatic amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of aromatic amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal aromatic amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of phenylalanine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T19:28:51Z Abnormal phenylalanine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF phenylalanine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of phenylalanine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal phenylalanine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of tyrosine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T19:48:03Z Abnormal tyrosine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF tyrosine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of tyrosine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal tyrosine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of tyrosine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T19:53:00Z High tyrosine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF tyrosine concentration Abnormally increased levels of tyrosine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High tyrosine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of tyrosine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T19:53:22Z Low tyrosine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF tyrosine concentration Abnormally decreased levels of tyrosine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low tyrosine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of phenylalanine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:13:37Z High phenylalanine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF phenylalanine concentration Abnormally increased levels of phenylalanine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High phenylalanine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of phenylalanine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:13:51Z Low phenylalanine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF phenylalanine concentration Abnormally decreased levels of phenylalanine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low phenylalanine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of serine-family amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:27:34Z Abnormal serine-family amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF serine family amino acid concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of serine-family amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal serine-family amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of serine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:30:42Z Abnormal serine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF serine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of serine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormal serine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of serine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:32:30Z High serine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF serine concentration Abnormally increased levels of serine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High serine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Abnormally decreased levels of serine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:32:46Z Low serine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Decreased CSF serine concentration Abnormally decreased levels of serine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Low serine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of glycine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:40:09Z Abnormal glycine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF glycine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of glycine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 Abnormally increased levels of glycine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-25T20:40:30Z High glycine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF glycine concentration Abnormally increased levels of glycine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:715764 High glycine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:715764 Any deviation from the normal concentration of albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-26T15:00:29Z Abnormal albumin levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF albumin concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:27067000 Abnormal albumin levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:27067000 2019-02-26T15:00:54Z High albumin levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormally increased levels of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid. Increased CSF albumin concentration High albumin levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:27067000 Abnormally increased levels of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:27067000 Any deviation from the normal concentration of ornithine in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-26T15:36:15Z Abnormal ornithine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF ornithine concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of ornithine in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:20551690 Abnormal ornithine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:20551690 Abnormally increased levels of ornithine in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-26T15:36:36Z High ornithine levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF ornithine concentration Abnormally increased levels of ornithine in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:20551690 High ornithine levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:20551690 Any deviation from the normal concentration of citrulline in the cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-26T15:48:42Z Abnormal citrulline levels in cerebrospinal fluid Abnormal CSF citrulline concentration Any deviation from the normal concentration of citrulline in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:16793028 Abnormal citrulline levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:16793028 Abnormally increased levels of citrulline in cerebrospinal fluid. 2019-02-26T15:49:01Z High citrulline levels in cerebrospinal fluid Increased CSF citrulline concentration Abnormally increased levels of citrulline in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID:16793028 High citrulline levels in cerebrospinal fluid PMID:16793028 The most dramatic and severe form of hair loss characterized by an absence of hair follicles. 2019-08-21T15:12:23Z Atrichia The most dramatic and severe form of hair loss characterized by an absence of hair follicles. PMID:14676077 Any structural anomaly of an inner ear epithelium. UMLS:C4073211 Abnormal inner ear epithelium morphology An abnormality of a buccal mucosa. UMLS:C4073228 Abnormality of buccal mucosa Abnormality of cheek mucosa Abnormality of inside lining of cheek Abnormal buccal mucosa morphology Abnormality of cheek mucosa Abnormality of inside lining of cheek An abnormality of a cartilage of external ear. UMLS:C4073231 Abnormality of cartilage of external ear Any structural abnormality of a facial artery, one of the branches of the external carotid artery. UMLS:C4073233 Abnormality of facial artery Abnormal facial artery morphology Any structural abnormality of a facial artery, one of the branches of the external carotid artery. An abnormality of an orbit of skull. UMLS:C4073239 Abnormality of bones of the orbit of the skull Abnormality of bony orbit of skull Abnormality of the bony eye socket Abnormality of the orbital bones of skull Abnormal morphology of bony orbit of skull Abnormality of bones of the orbit of the skull Abnormality of the bony eye socket Abnormality of the orbital bones of skull Any abnormality of nasopharyngeal adenoids. UMLS:C4073241 Abnormality of adenoids Abnormality of nasopharyngeal adenoids Abnormality of nasopharyngeal tonsil Abnormality of pharyngeal tonsil The adenoid, a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat. Abnormal nasopharyngeal adenoid morphology Abnormality of adenoids Abnormality of nasopharyngeal tonsil Abnormality of pharyngeal tonsil The adenoid, a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat. An abnormality of a cartilage of nasal septum. UMLS:C4073242 Abnormality of cartilage of nasal septum Abnormality of cartilage of septum of nose Anomaly of cartilage of nasal septum Deformity of cartilage of nasal septum Malformation of cartilage of nasal septum Abnormality nasal septum cartilage morphology Abnormality of cartilage of nasal septum Abnormality of cartilage of septum of nose Anomaly of cartilage of nasal septum Deformity of cartilage of nasal septum Malformation of cartilage of nasal septum An abnormality of a blood vessel of the head, including branches of the arterial and venous systems of the head. UMLS:C4073244 Abnormality of blood vessel of head Abnormality of head blood vessel Abnormality of vasculature of head Abnormal head blood vessel morphology An abnormality of a blood vessel of the head, including branches of the arterial and venous systems of the head. Abnormality of blood vessel of head Abnormality of head blood vessel An abnormality of a blood vessel of the neck, including branches of the arterial and venous systems of the neck. UMLS:C4073245 Abnormality of blood vessel of neck Abnormality of neck blood vessel Abnormality of the cervical blood vessels Abnormality of the cervical vasculature Abnormality of the vasculature of the neck Abnormal neck blood vessel morphology An abnormality of a blood vessel of the neck, including branches of the arterial and venous systems of the neck. Abnormality of blood vessel of neck Abnormality of neck blood vessel An abnormality of an external carotid artery. Abnormality of carotid artery Disorder of carotid artery UMLS:C4073249 Abnormality of external carotid artery Abnormality of carotid artery Disorder of carotid artery Any structural abnormality of a jugular vein. UMLS:C4073250 Abnormality of jugular vein Abnormal jugular vein morphology Abnormality of jugular vein An abnormality of a facial vein. UMLS:C4073251 Abnormal vein of face Abnormality of facial vein Abnormal facial vein morphology Abnormal vein of face Abnormality of facial vein An abnormality of a genioglossus muscle. UMLS:C4073253 Abnormality of genioglossus muscle Any structural anomaly of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the ninth paired cranial nerve (CN IX). UMLS:C4073255 Abnormality of glossopharyngeal nerve The glossopharyngeal nerve originates in the medulla oblongata. It Innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, as well as the posterior third of the tongue (where it mediates taste sensation), the middle ear cavity and the Eustachian tube. Additionally, it innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle of the pharynx. Abnormal glossopharyngeal nerve morphology An abnormality of an odontoid tissue. UMLS:C4073258 Abnormality of hard tissues of teeth Abnormality of odontoid tissue Abnormality of tooth hard tissue Abnormal odontoid tissue morphology An abnormality of a hyoglossus muscle. UMLS:C4073259 Abnormality of hyoglossus muscle Abnormal hyoglossus muscle morphology Any structural abnormality of the hyoid bone (hyoid), a small U-shaped (horseshoe-shaped) solitary bone, situated in the midline of the neck anteriorly at the base of the mandible and posteriorly at the fourth cervical vertebra. UMLS:C4073260 Abnormality of hyoid bone Abnormal hyoid bone morphology Any structural abnormality of the hyoid bone (hyoid), a small U-shaped (horseshoe-shaped) solitary bone, situated in the midline of the neck anteriorly at the base of the mandible and posteriorly at the fourth cervical vertebra. PMID:30969548 A structural anomaly of the hypopharyx, which is the most inferior portion of the pharynx. The hypopharynx continues from the oropharynx at the pharyngoepiglottic fold superiorly and extends inferiorly to the level of the inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage, which marks the beginning of the cervical esophagus. UMLS:C4073261 Abnormality of hypopharynx Abnormality of lower pharynx Abnormal hypopharynx morphology A structural anomaly of the hypopharyx, which is the most inferior portion of the pharynx. The hypopharynx continues from the oropharynx at the pharyngoepiglottic fold superiorly and extends inferiorly to the level of the inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage, which marks the beginning of the cervical esophagus. Abnormality of hypopharynx Abnormality of lower pharynx An abnormality of an artery of lower lip. UMLS:C4073264 Abnormality of the inferior labial artery Abnormality of artery of lower lip An abnormality of an internal carotid artery. UMLS:C1860488 Abnormality of internal carotid artery Abnormal internal carotid artery morphology An abnormality of an internal jugular vein. UMLS:C4073270 Abnormality of internal jugular vein An abnormality of an intrinsic muscle of tongue. UMLS:C4073271 Abnormality of intrinsic lingual muscle Abnormality of intrinsic muscle of tongue Abnormality of intrinsic lingual muscle An abnormality of a lacrimal artery. UMLS:C4073272 Abnormality of lacrimal artery Abnormal lacrimal artery morphology An abnormality of a lacrimal sac. UMLS:C4073273 Abnormality of lacrimal sac Abnormal lacrimal sac morphology Any structural abnormality of a lingual artery. UMLS:C4073281 Abnormality of lingual artery Abnormal lingual artery morphology Any structural anomaly of a lingual nerve. UMLS:C4073282 Abnormality of lingual nerve The lingual nerve (LN) is one of the two terminal branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve. It supplies the general sensation to the mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the sublingual mucosa, the mandibular lingual gingiva and the floor of the mouth.The chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve joins this nerve carrying taste fibers from the anterior two third of the tongue and parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion. Abnormal lingual nerve morphology Any structural anomaly of a lingual nerve. PMID:27662622 A structural abnormality of a mandibular symphysis. UMLS:C4073286 Abnormality of mandible symphysis Abnormal mandibular symphysis morphology A structural defect associated with abnormal development of the lung. 2021-06-09T12:13:11Z Developmental pulmonary anomaly Abnormal lung development Any structural anomaly of the iliac artery. 2021-11-24T01:28:09Z The common iliac artery originates from the aorta and divides into the internal and external iliac arteries, supplying oxygenated blood to the lower extremities (via the external iliac artery), the pelvis and its viscera (via internal iliac artery) as well as the peritoneum, psoas major muscle, ureter, and surrounding tissues. Abnormal iliac artery morphology Concentration of hyaluronic acid in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. 2023-09-17T22:37:49Z Hyaluronic acid high in blood Elevated circulating hyaluronic acid concentration The state of having abnormal relationships with others. This does not describe specific aspects of one's social aptitudes but rather a state which may come about from these aptitudes, such as lacking peer relationships, lacking close friends, or having a relational network that is abnormal given one's cultural context. Abnormal relationship A tendency to violate social norms because of a failure to resist temptations or urges in social settings. A tendency to social disinhibition can be acquired after traumaticbrain injury and may be described as insensitivity to others. Manifestions of social disinhibition may include (1) insertion of poorly considered utterances including insensitive remarks,overly intimate information, sexual references, and swear words, (2) failure to adhereto the rules of discourse leading to poor turn-taking, excessive side tracks, off topics,and talking too much, and (3) speaking from an egocentric perspective, that is,lacking concern, selfishness, childishness, arguing, not getting along with others. Social disinhibition A tendency to violate social norms because of a failure to resist temptations or urges in social settings. PMID:27696753 Abnormal response to social norms A repeating behavior that is either immediately unproductive or has negative long-term consequences. This includes harmful coping mechanisms such as addictive behavior and failure to control impulses and compulsions. Recurrent maladaptive behavior Congenital abnormality with cleft (gap or opening) in the craniofacial bones. Craniofacial cleft includes facial cleft, orofacial clef, and cleft of the jaw. Craniofacial cleft Congenital abnormality with cleft (gap or opening) in the craniofacial bones. Craniofacial cleft includes facial cleft, orofacial clef, and cleft of the jaw. The amount of an organic compound in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is outside the limits of normal. An organic compound is defined here as a chemical compound that contains a carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bond, although some other definitions exist. Examples of organic compounds includea alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and esters. Abnormal urinary organic compound level data item information content entity The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. curation status specification Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term data about an ontology part The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. obsolescence reason specification A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. denotator type A clinically prescribed procedure, therapy, intervention, or recommendation. 2018-11-16T20:07:28Z OGMS:0000096 health care process medical action health care process OGMS:0000096 All manners of treatment, be they pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, etc. to relieve illness and injury in attempts to bring the body back to its normal state. 2018-11-16T20:08:29Z NCIT:C25218 NCIT:C49236 OAE:0000094 OGMS:0000112 An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process. therapeutic procedure All manners of treatment, be they pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, etc. to relieve illness and injury in attempts to bring the body back to its normal state. ISBN-10:0124105165 An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process. NCIT:C49236 Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. 2018-11-16T20:10:20Z NCIT:C18020 OGMS:0000104 diagnostic technique procedure diagnostic testing diagnostic procedure Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. NCIT:C18020 A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. 2018-11-16T20:10:35Z ERO:0000378 NCIT:C15329 NCIT:C17173 NCRO:0000228 OAE:0000067 SCDO:1000017 operation surgery surgical intervention surgical operation surgical procedure A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. NCIT:C15329 Any technology or method that aids in the visualization of any biological process, cell, tissue or organ for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. 2018-11-16T20:10:50Z NCIT:C17369 imaging procedure medical imaging therapeutic imaging procedure therapeutic imaging technique clinical imaging procedure Any technology or method that aids in the visualization of any biological process, cell, tissue or organ for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. NCIT:C17369 Any procedure that involves testing or manipulating a sample of blood, urine, or other body substance in a laboratory setting for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy. 2018-11-16T20:11:26Z NCIT:C25294 clinical lab testing clinical laboratory testing clinical testing lab testing clinical laboratory procedure A test that involves the administration of contrast dye and X-ray imaging in order to be able to see soft tissue within the body. Dye can be added intravenously, ingested, or other methods. 2023-02-22T20:05:27Z radiographic imaging with contrast dye radiography with contrast dye radiograph imaging with contrast dye obsolete therapeutic intervention true Behavioral or regulatory nutritional interventions aim at modifying nutritional intake which have an impact on health outcomes. 2018-11-16T20:12:00Z nutritional intervention nutrition intervention Behavioral or regulatory nutritional interventions aim at modifying nutritional intake which have an impact on health outcomes. Cognitive and behavioral interventions are therapies that are designed to decrease symptoms and foster the belief that one has control over thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and skills to facilitate coping. 2018-11-16T20:12:16Z NCIT:C116519 NCIT:C15184 NCIT:C64345 cognitive and behavioral therapies cognitive and behavioral therapy cognitive and behavioural intervention cognitive behavior therapy cognitive behavioral therapy cognitive behaviour therapy cognitive behavioural therapy cognitive and behavioral intervention Cognitive and behavioral interventions are therapies that are designed to decrease symptoms and foster the belief that one has control over thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and skills to facilitate coping. PMID:22796302 The treatment of deformity or disease through mechanical force and movement, including both active and passive exercises, intended to ameliorate injury, increase mobility, and improve overall function. 2018-11-16T20:12:31Z NCIT:C15302 OGMS:0000115 PT physiatric procedure physical medicine procedure physical therapeutics physical therapy procedure physiotherapy physiotherapy procedure physical therapy The treatment of deformity or disease through mechanical force and movement, including both active and passive exercises, intended to ameliorate injury, increase mobility, and improve overall function. NCIT:C15302 PT A surgery performed on specific region of the body. 2023-02-24T15:24:21Z surgical procedure on body region surgery by body site Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or “complementary health approaches” are a group of diverse medical and health care practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. 2019-01-07T19:24:28Z NCIT:C51976 SCDO:0000271 CAM therapy complementary or alternative medical procedure complementary medicine complementary therapy complementary and alternative medical therapy Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or “complementary health approaches” are a group of diverse medical and health care practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. NCCIH Treatment of a disease by means of exposure of the target or the whole body to radiation. Radiation therapy is often used as part of curative therapy and occasionally as a component of palliative treatment for cancer. Other uses include total body irradiation prior to transplantation. 2018-11-16T20:20:38Z NCIT:C15313 OGMS:0000116 RT radiation radiation therapy procedure radiotherapeutics radiotherapy radiation therapy Treatment of a disease by means of exposure of the target or the whole body to radiation. Radiation therapy is often used as part of curative therapy and occasionally as a component of palliative treatment for cancer. Other uses include total body irradiation prior to transplantation. NCIT:C15313 RT A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products. 2018-11-16T20:20:54Z NCIT:C15187 BRM therapy biologic therapies biological response modifier therapy biological therapy biotheraphy biologic therapy A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products. NCIT:C15187 BRM therapy Cell therapy is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient. 2018-11-16T20:21:19Z NCIT:C70601 cell therapy cellular therapies cellular therapy Cell therapy is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient. PMID:24471045 A therapy or action designed to prevent disease or ailment. 2018-11-16T20:21:49Z preventative clinical measure preventative medical action preventative therapeutics preventative therapies preventive medical action preventive medical measure preventative therapy A broad subcategory of medical signs or objective indications of medical state which can be measured accurately and reproducibly. 2018-11-16T20:22:04Z NCIT:C63333 biomarker assessment biomarker measurement biomarker test biomarker analysis A broad subcategory of medical signs or objective indications of medical state which can be measured accurately and reproducibly. PMID:20978388 A radiographic examination of the esophagus in which the esophagusis made visible by barium or a water-soluble contrast administered orally prior to the examination. 2023-02-22T20:53:16Z contrast examination of the esophagus barrium swallow test of the esophagus esophography with contrast A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent disease or ailment. 2018-11-16T20:22:48Z behavioral preventative therapeutics behavioral preventive care behavioral preventive therapy preventative behavior therapy preventative behavioral therapy behavioral preventative care An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual’. 2018-11-16T20:23:01Z NCIT:C101516 NCIT:C15747 comfort care palliative therapeutics symptom management supportive care palliative care An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual’. PMID:27162584 A service delivery system that provides palliative care/medicine when life expectancy is 6 months or less and when curative or life-prolonging therapy is no longer indicated. 2018-11-16T20:23:10Z NCIT:C15252 hospice care A service delivery system that provides palliative care/medicine when life expectancy is 6 months or less and when curative or life-prolonging therapy is no longer indicated. PMID:22190887 Treatment with an agent that can alter brain chemistry leading to mood and/or behaviorial changes. 2023-02-23T18:26:42Z mood altering drug therapy mood and behavior-altering agent therapy Any surgical procedure conducted on the camera-type eye. 2023-02-24T15:25:58Z camera-type eye surgical procedure eye procedure eye surgery surgery of the eye surgical procedure on the eye Care for patients with a progressive life-limiting disease with a prognosis of months or less. 2019-01-09T20:15:05Z NCIT:C67359 end-of-life treatment management end-of life care Care for patients with a progressive life-limiting disease with a prognosis of months or less. PMID:23796586 The production of heat in a body part by high-frequency electrical currents to stimulate circulation, relieve pain, cauterization, or destroy tissue. 2023-03-02T20:01:36Z diathermy A therapy using microwaves to focus on and heat up tissue with high water content, such as muscle. 2023-03-02T20:08:03Z microwave diathermy A deep heating modality that uses high-frequency acoustic vibrations within body tissues for the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as the alleviation of pain, muscle spasms, and joint contractures. 2023-03-02T20:08:31Z therapeutic ultrasound therapeutic ultrasound diathermy ultrasound diathermy therapy ultrasound therapy Quantification of cell characteristics, including morphological or physiological parameter of one or more cells in order to determine the health of the patient and/or detect disease. 2023-03-03T21:22:53Z clinical cell assessment clinical cell measurement clinical cell test cell measurement A form of deep heat therapy can induce vasodilatation, elevation of pain threshold, reduction in muscle spasm, acceleration of cellular metabolism, increased soft tissue extensibility, increase blood flow, decrease joint pain and stiffness, reduce inflammation, faster resolution of edema, and accelerate wound healing. 2023-03-02T20:15:39Z SWD radio-frequency diathermy short-wave diathermy shortwave diathermy radio frequency heating short wave diathermy A form of deep heat therapy can induce vasodilatation, elevation of pain threshold, reduction in muscle spasm, acceleration of cellular metabolism, increased soft tissue extensibility, increase blood flow, decrease joint pain and stiffness, reduce inflammation, faster resolution of edema, and accelerate wound healing. PMID:31748973 Any medical procedure used to sustain the life of a patient in critical condition. 2019-01-09T20:25:04Z NCIT:C95171 OMIT:0009105 life support care Any medical procedure used to sustain the life of a patient in critical condition. NCIT:C95171 obsolete therapeutic avoidance of behavior true A measurement of the shape, structure, form, and size of cells from a patient to determine if there is disease and/or infection. 2023-03-03T21:25:21Z morphology evaluation cell morphology assessment All manners of treatment to relieve illness and injury of a particular body site or system. 2023-03-20T19:58:58Z therapeutic procedure by site obsolete therapeutic mental or psychological behavior avoidance true obsolete stress avoidance true obsolete smoking avoidance true A clinical recommendation to avoid preventable diseases by vaccination or otherwise lowering risk for certain diseases. 2019-01-11T19:39:19Z disease avoidance preventable disease avoidance recommendation Avoidance of an illness or infection that can be spread from person to person, animal to person, animal to animal or person to animal by taking precautionary measures, such as good hygiene practices or vaccines. 2019-01-11T19:39:37Z avoid communicable disease communicable disease prevention communicable disease avoidance obsolete physiologic state true A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Dehydration. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Dehydration avoidance avoid Dehydration recommendation dehydration prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Hypertension. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Hypertension avoidance avoid Hypertension recommendation hypertension prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Obesity. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Obesity avoidance avoid Obesity recommendation obesity prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Inflammatory abnormality of the skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Inflammatory abnormality of the skin avoidance avoid Inflammatory abnormality of the skin recommendation inflammation of the skin prevention recommendation Recommendation by a clinician to avoid exercise or physical activity. 2019-01-11T20:11:57Z avoid exercise avoidance of physical activity recommendation rest recommendation avoidance of physical activity therapeutic recommendation physical activity avoidance recommendation A recommendation by a clinician or therapist to avoid any impact activities to prevent medical issues or help the physical wellbeing of a patient. 2019-01-11T20:12:16Z impact sports avoidance therapeutic recommendation to avoid impact activities impact activities avoidance recommendation A recommendation by a clinician or therapist to avoid isometric exercises to prevent medical issues or help the physical wellbeing of a patient. 2019-01-11T20:13:10Z therapeutic recommendation to avoid isometric exercise isometric exercise avoidance recommendation A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from certain environmental exposures in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms. 2019-01-11T20:50:37Z therapeutic avoidance of environmental exposure A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from unnecessary radiation exposure. 2019-01-11T20:50:51Z radiation exposure avoidance A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from unnecessary sulight exposure. 2019-01-11T20:56:19Z sunlight avoidance A clinical recommendation to avoid the process of taking in of nutrients, especially by eating or drinking, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. 2019-01-11T20:56:39Z food consumption avoidance nutrition intake avoidance Use of a substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. 2019-01-15T18:20:06Z CHEBI:52217 drug treatment medication therapy pharmaceutical drug pharmaceutical treatment pharmacological treatment Medical treatment by means of drugs. pharmacotherapy Medical treatment by means of drugs. Use of a drug to treat or prevent bacterial infections. 2019-01-15T18:59:44Z CHEBI:36047 antibacterial treatment antibiotic agent therapy treatment with an anti-bacterial drug treatment with an anti-bacterial medication treatment with an anti-bacterial therapy treatment with an antibacterial agent treatment with an antibacterial drug treatment with an antibacterial medication treatment with an antibacterial therapy treatment with antibacterial drug antibacterial agent therapy Use of a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. 2019-01-15T19:01:01Z anticancer agent therapy CHEBI:35610 NCIT:C274 anti-neoplastic agent therapy antineoplastic drug therapy cytostatic agent therapy cytostatic drug therapy treatment with anti-cancer drug treatment with anti-cancer medication treatment with anti-neoplastic drug treatment with anti-neoplastic medication treatment with antineoplastic agent treatment with antineoplastic drug treatment with antineoplastic medication antineoplastic therapy Sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. 2019-01-15T19:02:35Z NCIT:C39774 aerobic activity aerobic exercise A medical recommendation of sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. aerobic exercise therapy Sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. NCIT:C39774 A medical recommendation of sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. NCIT:C39774 The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration. 2019-01-15T19:14:17Z MeSH:D010102 NCIT:C94624 oxygen inhalation therapy oxygen supplementation oxygen support therapy Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed) supplemental oxygen therapy The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration. NCIT:C94624 Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed) MeSH:D010102 A procedure designed to help you breathe easier when your lungs have been damaged by disease. The goal of the surgery is to remove the area of the lung most affected by disease, allowing the remaining lung to function more efficiently, and improve your breathing ability and quality of life. 2019-01-15T19:14:42Z lung volume reduction surgery Transference of a tissue or organ within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. 2019-01-15T19:15:04Z NCIT:C15342 NCIT:C15431 OBI:0000105 transplant procedure transplantation transplantation surgery transplantation surgical procedure grafting procedure transplantation procedure Transference of a tissue or organ within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. NCIT:C15342 obsolete lung transplantation surgical procedure true NCIT:C15271 hepatic transplantation liver grafting liver transplantation surgical transplantation of the liver obsolete liver transplantation true A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from unnecessary chemical exposure. 2019-01-15T19:31:56Z chemical exposure avoidance The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the human body. 2019-01-15T19:32:35Z ERO:0001325 NCIT:C17230 diagnostic ultrasound medical sonography sonography ultrasound procedure 2D ultrasounds produce a flat image of the organs. 3D images show three-dimensional external images of organs or fetus. 4D ultrasounds generates an image that is continuously updated, like amoving image. A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the body. The sound waves make echoes that form pictures of the tissues and organs on a computer screen (sonogram). Ultrasound may be used to help diagnose diseases, such as cancer. It may also be used during pregnancy to check the fetus (unborn baby) and during medical procedures, such as biopsies. Also called ultrasonography. ultrasonography procedure obsolete liver ultrasound procedure true A procedure to measure pancreatic secretion to discriminate between pancreatic and nonpancreatic causes of malabsorption. 2019-01-15T19:35:19Z NCIT:C97101 pancreatic function assessment pancreatic function testing The quantitative measurement of digestive system tests to diagnose or treat a digestive disorder using clinical laboratory procedures, imaging tests, endoscopic or other procedures. 2019-01-15T19:35:36Z digestive system testing The act of receiving professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems. 2019-01-19T19:44:32Z NCIT:C15308 NCIT:C61547 NCIT:C63474 behaviour therapy behavioural counseling counseling intervention psychotherapy behavioral counseling The act of receiving professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems. NCIT:C61547 counseling intervention NCIT:C61547 Counseling designed to guide and support an individual to overcome alcohol dependence. 2019-01-19T19:46:47Z NCIT:C150658 alcoholism counseling Counseling designed to guide and support an individual to overcome alcohol dependence. NCIT:C150658 The process whereby an expert in hereditary disorders provides information about risk and clinical burden of a disorder or disorders to patients or relatives in families with genetic disorders as an aid to making informed and responsible decisions about marriage, children, early diagnosis, and handling disability. 2019-01-19T19:48:00Z NCIT:C15240 SCDO:0000443 genetic counseling The process whereby an expert in hereditary disorders provides information about risk and clinical burden of a disorder or disorders to patients or relatives in families with genetic disorders as an aid to making informed and responsible decisions about marriage, children, early diagnosis, and handling disability. NCIT:C15240 A wide range of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's level of stress. 2019-01-19T19:49:24Z NCIT:C67032 therapy for stress therapy to relieve stress stress management stress therapy stress management therapy A process by which a health professional provides education, recommendations, or interventions to help clients stop using tobacco products. (ACC) 2019-01-19T19:51:07Z NCIT:C101244 smoking cessation counseling smoking cessation tobacco cessation counseling A process by which a health professional provides education, recommendations, or interventions to help clients stop using tobacco products. (ACC) NCIT:C101244 smoking cessation The practice of piercing specific points on the body with very thin sterile needles in order to relieve pain or induce regional anesthesia. 2019-01-19T20:30:57Z NCIT:C15176 acupuncture therapy The practice of piercing specific points on the body with very thin sterile needles in order to relieve pain or induce regional anesthesia. NCIT:C15176 Continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature; contemplation of spiritual matters 2019-01-19T20:32:30Z NCIT:C51975 SCDO:0000741 meditation therapy Continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature; contemplation of spiritual matters NCIT:C51975 An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems. 2019-01-19T20:34:15Z NCIT:C64897 yoga therapy An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems. NCIT:C64897 An alternative medical system that focuses on the relationship between bodily structure (primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health. Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool. 2019-01-19T20:35:28Z NCIT:C15204 chiropractic therapies chiropractic treatment chiropratic medicine chiropractic therapy An alternative medical system that focuses on the relationship between bodily structure (primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health. Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool. NCIT:C15204 A therapeutic method of manipulation, methodical pressure, friction, and kneading of the body. (from Taber's) 2019-01-19T20:36:55Z NCIT:C15276 massage massage and body work massage therapy A therapeutic method of manipulation, methodical pressure, friction, and kneading of the body. (from Taber's) NCIT:C15276 Any alteration or treatment in an individual's diet with a planned goal, usually designed to improve the individual's overall health. 2019-01-19T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15447 diet behavioral nutritional intervention dietary intervention Any alteration or treatment in an individual's diet with a planned goal, usually designed to improve the individual's overall health. NCIT:C15447 The restriction of energy (calorie) intake below the amount required for weight maintenance. 2019-01-19T20:39:29Z LCD intake calorie restricted food intake carorie restriction in food intake low calorie diet intake primarily food‐based low‐calorie diet intake calorie restrictive diet intake The restriction of energy (calorie) intake below the amount required for weight maintenance. PMID:23748374 LCD intake Delivery of enteral nutrition via a tube placed into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum. 2019-01-19T20:40:39Z NCIT:C93322 EN intake enteral nutrition support intake enteral tube feeding nutrition intake tube feeding nutrition intake enteral nutrition intake Delivery of enteral nutrition via a tube placed into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum. NCIT:C93322 EN intake obsolete alcohol intake avoidance true A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of large amounts of alcohol. 2019-01-19T20:54:50Z excessive alcohol avoidance A clinical recommendation to avoid foods with high concentrations of estrogen. 2019-01-19T20:55:05Z Some processed foods and soy contain large amounts of estrogen. estrogen-containing food avoidance obsolete excessive iron consumption avoidance true A clinical recomendation to avoid high-protein diets which may worsen kidney function. 2019-01-19T21:00:36Z excessive protein consumption avoidance Clinical recommendation to avoid fasting due to health risks. 2019-01-19T21:01:13Z fasting avoidance Abstinence from all or some kinds of food or drink, particularly for religious observance, medical nutrition therapy, or prior to a medical procedure. 2019-01-19T21:01:21Z NCIT:C63663 NPO fasting nil per os therapeutic fasting intermittant fasting fasting intervention Abstinence from all or some kinds of food or drink, particularly for religious observance, medical nutrition therapy, or prior to a medical procedure. PMID:16630428 PMID:27499591 NPO obsolete food consumption avoidance true obsolete meat consumption avoidance true obsolete nut consumption avoidance true obsolete seafood consumption avoidance true obsolete mussel consumption avoidance true obsolete iron supplementation avoidance true obsolete saffron consumption avoidance true The addition of one or more elements and/or chemical compounds that are either absent or deficient in an individual's daily diet. 2019-01-19T21:07:25Z NCIT:C15425 nutritional supplementation The addition of one or more elements and/or chemical compounds that are either absent or deficient in an individual's daily diet. NCIT:C15425 Addition of multivitamin preparation to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-01-19T09:00:01Z NCIT:C1654 dietary supplementation of multivitamin preparation multivitamin preparation supplemental intake supplementation of multivitamin preparation supplementation with multivitamin A dietary supplement containing all or most of the vitamins that may not be readily available in the diet. Vitamins may be classified according to their solubility either in lipids (vitamins A, D, E, K, F) or in water (vitamins C, B-complex). Present in minute amounts in various foods, vitamins are essential to maintaining normal metabolism and biochemical functions. multivitamin supplementation A dietary supplement containing all or most of the vitamins that may not be readily available in the diet. Vitamins may be classified according to their solubility either in lipids (vitamins A, D, E, K, F) or in water (vitamins C, B-complex). Present in minute amounts in various foods, vitamins are essential to maintaining normal metabolism and biochemical functions. NCIT:C1654 Addition of iron atom to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-01-30T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of iron atom iron atom supplemental intake oral iron supplementation supplementation of iron atom iron replacement therapy Oral iron supplementation is an effective and well‐studied option to replenish iron stores. iron supplementation Oral iron supplementation is an effective and well‐studied option to replenish iron stores. PMID:28328083 Addition of vitamin C to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of vitamin C supplementation of vitamin C vitamin C supplemental intake vitamin C supplementation Addition of vitamin D to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-01-19T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of vitamin D supplementation of vitamin D vitamin D supplemental intake vitamin D supplementation obsolete amino acid supplementation true Addition of food antioxidant to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-01-19T21:12:19Z NCIT:C67025 antioxidant therapy dietary supplementation of food antioxidant food antioxidant supplemental intake supplementation of food antioxidant Treatment with antioxidants in order to protect cells against damage caused by oxygen-free radicals. food antioxidant supplementation Treatment with antioxidants in order to protect cells against damage caused by oxygen-free radicals. NCIT:C67025 Administration of nutritional support by means of a tube passed into the stomach. 2019-01-19T21:13:59Z NCIT:C73430 gastrogavage nutrition intake gavage nutrition intake Administration of nutritional support by means of a tube passed into the stomach. NCIT:C73430 Total parenteral nutrition formulated for intravenous administration in patients who cannot eat or cannot get enough nutrients from the foods they eat. It is a liquid mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. 2019-01-19T21:16:22Z NCIT:C29484 TNA intake TPN intake total nutrient admixture intake hyperalimentation total parenteral nutrition intake Total parenteral nutrition formulated for intravenous administration in patients who cannot eat or cannot get enough nutrients from the foods they eat. It is a liquid mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. NCIT:C29484 TPN intake Any action taken for the purpose of improving or maintaining an individual's memory. 2019-01-19T21:26:54Z NCIT:C116526 working memory interventions memory aids memory intervention A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent smoking. 2019-01-19T21:33:17Z NCIT:C16114 prevent smoking smoking prevention A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent smoking. The prevention of conception or impregnation by the use of devices or drugs or surgery. 2019-01-19T21:34:14Z NCIT:C37932 birth control conception prevention contraceptive management pregnancy prevention contraceptive pregnancy prevention The prevention of conception or impregnation by the use of devices or drugs or surgery. NCIT:C37932 birth control NCIT:C37932 Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. 2019-01-19T21:36:12Z NCIT:C15258 OBI:1110094 immunization preventive immunization preventative immunization Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. WHO immunization NCIT:C15258 OBI:1110094 Active immunity refers to the process of exposing the body to an antigen to generate an adaptive immune response: the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting—even lifelong. 2019-01-20T00:31:42Z IDO:0000498 NCIT:C15416 VO:0000491 active immunization Active immunity refers to the process of exposing the body to an antigen to generate an adaptive immune response: the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting—even lifelong. PMID:18045976 Passive immunity refers to the process of providing IgG antibodies to protect against infection; it gives immediate, but short-lived protection. 2019-01-20T00:31:52Z NCIT:C15259 OBI:0001174 VO:0000492 passive immunization Passive immunity refers to the process of providing IgG antibodies to protect against infection; it gives immediate, but short-lived protection. PMID:18045976 The intentional exposure to a disease in order to achieve immunization. 2019-01-20T00:36:49Z disease exposure immunization The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, usually in asymptomatic individuals. 2019-01-20T00:39:19Z NCIT:C15419 disease screening The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, usually in asymptomatic individuals. NCIT:C15419 Testing conducted utilizing a manual or microprocessor audiometer to test for hearing loss. 2019-01-20T00:42:26Z NCIT:C38036 audiometry test hearing exam procedure hearing testing procedure audiometry exam audiometric testing Testing conducted utilizing a manual or microprocessor audiometer to test for hearing loss. NCIT:C38036 The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Neoplasm, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z 2019-01-20T00:45:24Z NCIT:C15406 Neoplasm screening cancer screening The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. 2019-01-20T00:46:22Z NCIT:C15709 genetic analysis genetic testing The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. NCIT:C15709 obsolete prenatal screening true obsolete biopsy procedure true A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ to examine the structural architecture and/or remove abnormal tissues. 2019-01-20T01:01:22Z NCIT:C16546 endoscopic exam endoscopy endoscopic procedure A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ to examine the structural architecture and/or remove abnormal tissues. NCIT:C16546 endoscopy NCIT:C16546 A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular portion of a specific body part or body location. 2019-01-20T01:03:18Z endoscopy by body location location specific endoscopy endoscopy by site A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ using a specific endoscopic technique. 2019-01-20T01:03:28Z endoscopy by type specific type endoscopy specific technique endoscopy An endoscopic technique that allows deep intubation of the small intestine while using a standard endoscope. An inflatable balloon attached to the endoscope's tip acts as a stabilizer and a second balloon that is advanced ahead of the endoscope acts as a pulling device. 2019-01-20T18:48:29Z NCIT:C64865 balloon-guided endoscopy balloon-guided endoscopic procedure An endoscopic technique that allows deep intubation of the small intestine while using a standard endoscope. An inflatable balloon attached to the endoscope's tip acts as a stabilizer and a second balloon that is advanced ahead of the endoscope acts as a pulling device. NCIT:C64865 Endoscopy that employs the use of tissue stains to increase tissue contrast, and enhance the ability to identify various tissue dysplasia and other abnormalities. 2019-01-20T18:51:12Z NCIT:C116476 chromoendoscopy Endoscopy that employs the use of tissue stains to increase tissue contrast, and enhance the ability to identify various tissue dysplasia and other abnormalities. NCIT:C116476 A low-cost, high-resolution imaging tool consisting of a 1-mm diameter fiber-optic bundle that produces subcellular imaging at 1,000x magnification and 4 micrometer resolution, allowing for minimally invasive bioimaging. 2019-01-20T19:03:17Z NCIT:C116480 HRME high-resolution microendoscopy A low-cost, high-resolution imaging tool consisting of a 1-mm diameter fiber-optic bundle that produces subcellular imaging at 1,000x magnification and 4 micrometer resolution, allowing for minimally invasive bioimaging. NCIT:C116480 HRME A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered. NCIT:C17007 PET scan positron emission tomography procedure A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered. NCIT:C17007 PET scan NCIT:C17007 Ultrasound imaging following the administration of a microbubble contrast agent. 2019-01-21T20:17:52Z NCIT:C148281 CEUS contrast-enhanced ultrasound procedure Ultrasound imaging following the administration of a microbubble contrast agent. NCIT:C148281 CEUS A postmortem examination of the body that includes an examination of the internal organs and structures after dissection to determine the cause of death and the nature of pathological changes. 2019-01-21T20:33:46Z NCIT:C25153 autopsy autopsy procedure A postmortem examination of the body that includes an examination of the internal organs and structures after dissection to determine the cause of death and the nature of pathological changes. NCIT:C25153 A procedure to examine and define cellular anatomy or function. The test results are often used by a clinician to diagnose disease or disordered function. 2019-01-21T20:36:01Z NCIT:C49132 clinical cytological procedure diagnostic cytological procedure clinical cytological testing A biospecimen collection and staining procedure in which secretions and superficial cells of the cervix are collected and stained with the Papanicolaou stain followed by microscopic examination to identify the presence of abnormal cells. 2019-01-21T20:38:23Z Papanicolaou smear procedure cervical smear procedure pap testing cervical cancer screening pap smear examination A biospecimen collection and staining procedure in which secretions and superficial cells of the cervix are collected and stained with the Papanicolaou stain followed by microscopic examination to identify the presence of abnormal cells. NCIT:C17348 Papanicolaou smear procedure NCIT:C17348 cervical smear procedure NCIT:C17348 pap testing NCIT:C17348 A diagnostic technique for lung cancer detection. Looks for abnormal cell cytology in sputum. 2019-01-21T20:45:16Z NCIT:C16192 sputum cytology testing sputum smear examination sputum smear testing sputum cytology examination A diagnostic technique for lung cancer detection. Looks for abnormal cell cytology in sputum. NCIT:C16192 Examination of the cells in urine. 2019-01-21T20:47:27Z urine cytology testing urine cytology examination Examination of the cells in urine. NCIT:C94473 Technique or procedure used for the study of the microanatomy of tissues and their cellular structure; usually involves microscopic examination of tissue slices. 2019-01-21T21:04:01Z NCIT:C16680 histological procedure histological testing histological examination Technique or procedure used for the study of the microanatomy of tissues and their cellular structure; usually involves microscopic examination of tissue slices. NCIT:C16680 obsolete clinical pathology procedure true A procedure to determine the number of cells in a clinical sample. 2019-01-21T21:16:16Z NCIT:C48938 cell count clinical pathology cell count clinical cell count A procedure to determine the number of cells in a clinical sample. NCIT:C48938 A procedure to measure hematopoietic components and investigate hematologic disorders in a blood sample. 2019-01-21T21:22:45Z NCIT:C49286 blood testing hematology procedure hematology testing The determination of the maximum amount of oxygen that can be combined chemically with hemoglobin in a volume of blood. 2019-01-21T21:29:03Z NCIT:C96614 OXYCAP testing oxygen capacity measurement oxygen capacity testing oxygen capacity assessment The determination of the maximum amount of oxygen that can be combined chemically with hemoglobin in a volume of blood. NCIT:C96614 OXYCAP testing A measure of the volume of red blood cells expressed as a percentage of the total blood volume. Normal in males is 43-49%, in females 37-43%. 2019-01-21T21:32:32Z NCIT:C64796 EVF testing HCT PCV measurement erythrocyte volume fraction testing hematocrit measurement hematocrit testing packed cell volume measurement hematocrit assessment A measure of the volume of red blood cells expressed as a percentage of the total blood volume. Normal in males is 43-49%, in females 37-43%. NCIT:C64796 EVF testing HCT PCV measurement packed cell volume measurement NCIT:C64796 A medical recommendation to avoid a particular therapy, intervention, medication, or procedure. 2019-01-07T19:23:10Z avoid procedure avoid therapy avoid activity avoid drug avoid medication therapeutic avoidance intervention A medical recommendation to avoid a particular therapy, intervention, medication, or procedure. Administration of intravenous infusions of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor at regular schedules is a specific therapy for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with pulmonary involvement. 2019-01-22T17:27:25Z augmentation therapy Administration of intravenous infusions of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor at regular schedules is a specific therapy for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with pulmonary involvement. PMID:28752465 obsolete antispastic agents true Treatment with a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 2019-01-22T17:52:48Z CHEBI:48407 NCIT:C38149 anti-Parkinson agent therapy antiparkinson agent treatment antiparkinson drug treatment antiparkinsonian agent therapy antiparkisonian agent treatment antiparkisonian drug treatment treatment with anti-Parkinson drug treatment with antiparkinson drug antiparkinson agent therapy Use of a substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. 2019-01-22T17:53:06Z CHEBI:35442 NCIT:C276 antiparasitic drug therapy antiparasitics therapy antiparisitics drug treatment treatment with anti-parasitic agent treatment with anti-parasitic medication treatment with antiparasitic agent treatment with antiparasitic drug treatment with antiparasitic medication antiparasititic agent therapy A therapy capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. 2019-01-22T17:53:16Z CHEBI:35480 NCIT:C241 Analgesics therapy analgesic drug therapy analgesic medication therapy analgesic pharmacotherapeutic agent therapy treatment with analgesic analgesic agent therapy Treatment with a mood-stimulating drug used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. 2019-01-22T17:53:33Z CHEBI:35469 antidepressant drug therapy antidepressants treatment thymoanaleptics treatment thymoleptic agent therapy thymoleptic drug treatment therapy thymoleptics drug therapy treatment with antidepressant antidepressant agent therapy Use of a substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors. 2019-01-22T17:54:06Z CHEBI:48706 NCIT:C69308 treatment with antagonist receptor antagonist therapy Use of any agent that can alter adrenal gland functions. 2019-01-22T17:54:15Z treatment with adrenal modifier treatment with adrenal modifying agent treatment with adrenal modifying drug treatment with adrenal modifying medication adrenal hormone modifying therapy adrenal-modifying, hormonal agent therapy Treatment with a drug that alleviates anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting the clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. 2019-01-22T17:54:43Z CHEBI:35474 anti-anxiety agent therapy anti-anxiety drug treatment anxiolytic agent drug treatment minor tranquiliser therapy minor tranquilizer treatment minor tranquilizing agent treatment minor tranquilizing drug therapy treatment with anxiolytic treatment with anxiolytic drug anxiolytic agent therapy Pharmaceutical Anti-gout Preparations such as colchicine, allopurinol, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone contain natural or synthetic agents against gout, a condition characterized by increased uric acid accumulation. Anti-gout agents may reduce inflammation, stimulate elimination of uric acid, or increase production of uric acid. (NCI04) 2019-01-22T17:55:18Z CHEBI:35841 CHEBI:35845 NCIT:C29733 anti-gout agent therapy anti-gout combination medicine therapy anti-gout drug therapy anti-gout preparation therapy antigout agent therapy antigout combination medicine therapy antigout drug therapy antigout medication therapy antigout preparation therapy antigout therapy gout suppressant agent treatment treatment with anti-gout drug treatment with anti-gout medication treatment with antigout agent treatment with antigout drug treatment with antigout medication treatment with gout suppressant agent treatment with gout suppressant drug treatment with gout suppressant medication treatment with uricosuric drug uricosuric agent therapy Pharmaceutical Anti-gout Preparations such as colchicine, allopurinol, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone contain natural or synthetic agents against gout, a condition characterized by increased uric acid accumulation. Anti-gout agents may reduce inflammation, stimulate elimination of uric acid, or increase production of uric acid. (NCI04) NCIT:C29733 Therapy using an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function 2019-01-22T17:55:27Z CHEBI:35498 NCIT:C448 diuretic agent drug treatment therapy diuretic drug therapy treatment with diuretic treatment with diuretic agent treatment with diuretic drug treatment with diuretic medication diuretic agent therapy Treatment with an agent that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. 2019-01-22T17:57:29Z CHEBI:35476 antipsychotic drug treatment antipsychotic therapy major tranquilizer drug treatment neuroleptic agent treatment neuroleptic therapies treatment with antipsychotic agent treatment with antipsychotic drug treatment with antipsychotic medication antipsychotic agent therapy Treatment with a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. 2019-01-22T17:57:37Z CHEBI:35623 NCIT:C264 anti-convulsant therapy anti-convulsive agent therapy anticonvulsant drug therapy anticonvulsive agent therapy antiepileptic therapy treatment with anticonvulsant treatment with anticonvulsant medication anticonvulsant agent therapy Treatment with a substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. 2019-01-22T17:57:52Z CHEBI:36044 anti-viral drug therapy anti-virus drug treatment treatment with an anti-virus agent treatment with an anti-virus drug treatment with an anti-virus medication treatment with an antiviral agent treatment with an antiviral drug treatment with an antiviral medication treatment with antiviral drug antiviral agent therapy Use of a compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. 2019-01-22T17:58:04Z CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agent treatment therapy anti-inflammatory medication therapy antiinflammatory agent therapy antiinflammatory drug therapy treatment with anti-inflammatory drug anti-inflammatory agent therapy A therapy utilizing a substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. 2019-01-22T17:59:57Z CHEBI:38867 NCIT:C245 anaesthesia therapy anaesthetic medication therapy anesthesia therapy anesthetic drug therapy anesthetic medication therapy treatment with anaesthetic anesthetic agent therapy Treatment with medications to improve cognition and function for patients with dementia. 2019-01-22T18:00:43Z antidementia drug therapy antidementia medication treatment antidementia agent therapy Treatment with medications to improve cognition and function for patients with dementia. PMID:31517030 A grouping of agents that are used as antidotes, deterrents, or to counteract the effects of a toxic agents on the body. 2019-01-22T18:01:36Z antidote therapy rescue therapy therapeutic antidotes, deterrents, and toxicologic agent therapy Treatment with a drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. 2019-01-22T18:01:53Z CHEBI:50919 NCIT:C267 anti-emetic agent therapy anti-emetic drug therapy anti-emetics therapy antiemetic drug therapy antiemetics medication treatment medication for nausea treatment medication for treatment of nausea treatment with antiemetic antiemetic therapy Use of a drug to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals. 2019-01-22T18:02:00Z CHEBI:86327 anti-fungal drug therapy anti-fungal medication therapy antifungal treatment antifungals therapy treatment with an anti-fungal drug treatment with an anti-fungal medication treatment with an antifungal drug treatment with an antifungal medication treatment with an antifungal therapy treatment with antifungal drug pharmaceutical fungicide therapy anti-fungal agent therapy Any drug that works to lower abnormally high glucose (sugar) levels in the blood, which are characteristic of the endocrine system disorder known as diabetes mellitus. 2019-01-22T18:11:18Z blood glucose regulator drug treatment Treatment with an agent that regulates blood glucose levels. blood glucose regulator therapy Use of a drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system. 2019-01-22T18:11:44Z CHEBI:50248 blood modifier treatment therapy blood modifying agent treatment hematologic agent treatment therapy treatment with hematologic agent treatment with hematologic drug treatment with hematologic medication hematologic agent therapy Treatment with a drug that promotes coagulation. 2019-01-22T18:11:58Z coagulant treatment therapy promotion of coagulation treatment with coagulant coagulant agent therapy Use of an agent that prevents blood clotting. 2019-01-22T18:12:06Z CHEBI:50249 anticoagulant agent treatment anticoagulant drug treatment treatment with anticoagulant anticoagulant agent therapy Treatment with an agent that stimulates formation of blood cells. 2019-01-22T18:12:20Z blood formation agent therapy Use of a drug which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system. 2019-01-22T18:12:39Z CHEBI:50427 platelet aggregation inhibitor agent treatment treatment with platelet aggregation antagonist treatment with platelet aggregation blocker treatment with platelet aggregation inhibitor platelet aggregation inhibitor therapy Use of a drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. 2019-01-22T18:13:06Z CHEBI:35554 NCIT:C78274 agent affecting cardiovascular system therapy cardiovascular agent drug treatment cardiovascular drug treatment therapy cardiovascular system agent therapy cardiovascular system drug therapy treatment with cardiovascular agent treatment with cardiovascular drug treatment with cardiovascular medication treatment with cardiovascular therapy treatment with heart agent treatment with heart drug treatment with heart medication cardiovascular agent therapy Treatment with a drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. 2019-01-22T18:14:42Z CHEBI:48539 a-adrenergic agent therapy a-adrenergic drug therapy a-adrenergic receptor agent therapy a-adrenergic receptor drug therapy alpha adrenergic drug therapy alpha adrenergic receptor agent therapy alpha adrenergic receptor drug treatment alpha adrenergics drug therapy alpha-adrenergic agent treatment alpha-adrenergic drug treatment therapy alpha-adrenergic modifier therapy alpha-adrenergic modifying agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor drug therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor drug treatment treatment with alpha adrenergic agent treatment with alpha adrenergic drug treatment with alpha adrenergic medication treatment with alpha-adrenergic agent treatment with alpha-adrenergic drug treatment with alpha-adrenergic medication treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor agent treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor drug treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor medication alpha adrenergic agent therapy Treatment with an agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. 2019-01-22T18:15:26Z CHEBI:48539 a-adrenergic agonist drug treatment a-adrenergic agonist therapy a-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy alpha adrenergic agonist agent drug treatment alpha adrenergic agonist drug therapy alpha adrenergic agonist treatment alpha adrenergic receptor agonist therapy alpha adrentergic receptor agonist agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist drug therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment alpha-adrenoceptor agonist agent therapy alpha-adrenoceptor agonist drug therapy alpha-adrenoceptor agonist therapy treatment with alpha-adrenergic agonist alpha adrenergic agonist therapy Treatment with an agent that binds to but does not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous alpha-adrenergic agonists. 2019-01-22T18:15:59Z CHEBI:37890 a-adrenergic antagonist agent therapy a-adrenergic antagonist therapy a-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug treatment alpha adrenergic antagonist drug therapy alpha blocker therapy alpha-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug therapy alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug treatment alpha-adrenergic antagonist medication therapy alpha-adrenergic blockader therapy alpha-adrenergic blocker therapy alpha-adrenergic blocking agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor blockader therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker therapy alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist therapy treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist medication alpha adrenergic antagonist therapy Treatment with a drug for prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. 2019-01-22T18:17:04Z CHEBI:38070 NCIT:C47793 anti-arrhythmia agent therapy anti-arrhythmic agent therapy anti-arrhythmic drug treatment therapy anti-arrythmic agent therapy antiarrhythmic agent therapy antiarrhythmic drug therapy antiarrhythmic drug treatment treatment with anti-arrhythmia agent treatment with anti-arrhythmia drug treatment with anti-arrhythmia medication treatment with anti-arrhythmic agent treatment with anti-arrhythmic drug treatment with anti-arrhythmic medication treatment with anti-arrythmic drug treatment with antiarrhythmic agent treatment with antiarrhythmic drug treatment with antiarrhythmic medication antiarrythmic agent therapy Treatment with a drug that acts on beta-adrenergic receptors. 2019-01-22T18:17:27Z CHEBI:48540 b-adrenergic drug treatment beta adrenergic receptor agent treatment beta adrenergic receptor drug therapy beta-adrenergic agent treatment beta-adrenergic drug treatment beta-adrenergic modifier therapy beta-adrenergic modifying agent therapy beta-adrenergic modifying drug treatment beta-adrenergics therapy treatment with beta-adrenergic agent treatment with beta-adrenergic drug treatment with beta-adrenergic medication beta adrenergic agent therapy Treatment with an agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists. 2019-01-22T18:17:55Z CHEBI:35530 b-adrenergic antagonist therapy b-adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy beta adrenergic antagonist agent treatment beta adrenergic antagonist drug treatment beta adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy beta-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug treatment beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy beta-adrenergic receptor blockader therapy beta-adrenoceptor antagonist therapy treatment with beta blocker agent treatment with beta blocker drug treatment with beta blocker medication treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist drug treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist medication beta-adrenergic antagonist therapy obsolete calcium channel blocker agent therapy true Therapy using an agent that reduces plasma lipids, such as cholesterol or low density lipoproteins (LDL), acting systemically or locally (intestines) to decrease fat digestion, absorption, production, and accumulation in the plasma and reducing pathogenic atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2019-01-22T18:19:20Z NCIT:C29703 anti-lipemic therapy anti-lipidemic agent therapy antihyperlipemic agent therapy antihyperlipidaemic agent therapy antihyperlipidemic agent therapy antihyperlipidemic drug therapy antilipemic therapy antilipidemic agent therapy antilipidemic drug treatment therapy dyslipidemia agent therapy dyslipidemia drug treatment therapy dyslipidemic agent drug treatment dyslipidemic drug therapy dyslipidemic drugs therapy hypolipidemic agent therapy lipid-lowering agent therapy treatment with anti-lipidemic agent treatment with anti-lipidemic drug treatment with anti-lipidemic medication treatment with antilipemic drug treatment with antilipidemic agent treatment with antilipidemic medication treatment with dyslipidemic agent treatment with dyslipidemic drug treatment with dyslipidemic medication dyslipidemic agent therapy Treatment with Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, a group of drugs that act by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin inhibitors 2019-01-22T18:19:47Z Treatment with RAAS inhibitor renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor RAAS inhibitor therapy A therapy using a drug to cause dilation of the blood vessels. 2019-01-22T18:20:06Z CHEBI:35620 NCIT:C29707 vasodilating agent therapy vasodilating drug treatment therapy vasodilator agent therapy vasodilator drug therapies vasodilator drug therapy vasodilator drug treatment therapy vasodilator therapies vasodilator agent therapy A therapy using a drug to cause dilation of the blood vessels. CHEBI:35620 obsolete other cardiovascular agent therapy true Use of a drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. 2019-01-22T18:22:25Z CHEBI:35481 non-narcotic analgesic agent therapy non-narcotic analgesic drug therapy non-narcotic analgesic medication treatement non-opioid analgesic agent therapy non-opioid analgesics drug therapy non-opioid analgesics medication therapy non-opioid analgesics medication treatment non-opioid analgesics therapy treatment with non-narcotic analgesic non-opioid analgesic therapy Use of a narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. 2019-01-22T18:22:42Z narcotic therapy CHEBI:35482 narcotic analgesic medication therapy narcotic analgesic medication treatment narcotic analgesic therapy opioid analgesic drug therapy opioid analgesic medication therapy opioid analgesic medication treatment opioid analgesics opioid therapy treatment with opioid analgesic opioid analgesic agent therapy Treatment with any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block. 2019-01-22T18:24:45Z CHEBI:36333 local anaesthesia therapy local anaesthetic medication therapy local anaesthetics therapy local anesthesia therapy local anesthesia treatment local anesthetic agent therapy local anesthetics therapy treatment with local anaesthetic epidural therapy spinal block therapy topical anesthesia therapy topical anesthetic therapy local anaesthetic agent therapy An antibacterial substance with aminoglycoside structure. 2019-01-22T18:25:15Z CHEBI:47779 aminoglycoside drug therapy aminoglycoside drug treatment aminoglycosides therapy aminoglycoside agent therapy An antibacterial substance with aminoglycoside structure. Use of a class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. 2019-01-22T18:25:44Z CHEBI:23066 cephalosporin antibacterial agent therapy cephalosporin beta-lactam therapy cephalosporin drug therapy cephalosporin drug treatment cephalosporin therapies cephalosporin treatment cephalosporins therapy treatment with cephalosporin agent treatment with cephalosporin antibacterial drug treatment with cephalosporin antibacterial medication treatment with cephalosporin antibiotic drug treatment with cephalosporin antibiotic medication Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. treatment with cephalosporin drug treatment with cephalosporin medication cephalosporin agent therapy Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. CHEBI:23066 Use of an antibacterial substance with penicillin structure. 2019-01-22T18:26:03Z CHEBI:17334 penicillin antibacterial therapy penicillin antibacterial treatment penicillin beta-lactam therapy penicillin drug therapy penicillin drug treatment penicillin treatment treatment with a penicillin agent treatment with a penicillin drug treatment with a penicillin medication treatment with a penicillin therapy treatment with penicillin antibacterial drug treatment with penicillin antibacterial medication treatment with penicillin antibiotic agent treatment with penicillin antibiotic drug treatment with penicillin antibiotic medication treatment with penicillin antibiotic therapy penicillin agent therapy obsolete other beta-lactams true Use of a drug with a macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity. 2019-01-22T18:26:31Z macrolides CHEBI:25105 Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial agent Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial drug Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial medication Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic agent Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic drug Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic medication macrolide antibacterial drug therapy macrolide antibacterial therapy macrolide drug therapy macrolide drug treatment macrolide antibacterial agent therapy Use of an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton. 2019-01-22T18:26:50Z quinolones CHEBI:86324 quinolone antibacterial therapy quinolone antibiotic agent treatment treatment with quinolone antibacterial agent treatment with quinolone antibacterial drug treatment with quinolone antibacterial medication treatment with quinolone antibiotic agent treatment with quinolone antibiotic drug treatment with quinolone antibiotic medication quinolone antibacterial agent therapy Use of a class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties. 2019-01-22T18:27:30Z sulfonamides therapy CHEBI:87228 sulfonamide antibacterial drug therapy sulfonamide antibacterial therapy sulfonamide antibiotic therapy sulfonamide drug therapy sulfonamide drug treatment treatment with a sulfonamide antibacterial drug treatment with a sulfonamide antibacterial medication treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic agent treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic drug treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic medication treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic therapy sulfonamide antibacterial agent therapy Treatment with a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. 2019-01-22T18:28:05Z CHEBI:27902 tetracycline antibiotic therapy tetracycline drug therapy tetracycline drug treatment treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial agent treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial drug treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial medication treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial therapy treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic agent treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic drug treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic medication treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic therapy tetracycline therapy obsolete other antibacterial agents true Treatment with a drug that can regulate intracellular calcium levels. 2019-01-22T18:28:49Z CHEBI:38808 calcium channel modifier drug therapy treatment with calcium channel modifying agent treatment with calcium channel modifying medication treatment with calcium channel modulator calcium channel modifying agent therapy Treatment with a substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. 2019-01-22T18:29:21Z CHEBI:51374 GABA augmenting therapy gamma-aminobutyric acid drug therapy gamma-aminobutyric acid modulating agent therapy treatment with GABA agent treatment with GABA drug treatment with GABA medication treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting agent treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting drug treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting medication GABA augmenting agent therapy Treatment with an agent which decreases glutamate. 2019-01-22T18:29:56Z glutamate reducing agent therapy Use of a drug that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes. 2019-01-22T18:30:15Z CHEBI:38633 Na+ channel blocker therapy Na+ channel inhibitor drug therapy sodium channel blocker drug therapy sodium channel inhibitor drug therapy treatment with Na+ channel inhibitor treatment with sodium channel antagonist treatment with sodium channel blocker treatment with sodium channel inhibitor sodium channel inhibitor therapy obsolete anticonvulsants, other true They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system. 2019-01-22T18:32:56Z CHEBI:37733 cholinesterase inhibitor drug treatment cholinesterase inhibitor medication therapy treatment with EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor Neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Lewy body dementia are indications for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy. cholinesteriase inhibitor therapy They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system. PMID:31335056 Neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Lewy body dementia are indications for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy. PMID:31335056 Treatment with an agent which modifies glutamate. 2019-01-22T18:33:33Z glutamate modulator therapy glutamate pathway modifying drug treatment glutamatergic drug therapy glutamatergic drug treatment glutamatergic pathway modifying agent therapy obsolete antidementia agents, other true A drug that acts as an inhibitor that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4). 2019-01-22T18:36:08Z CHEBI:38623 NCIT:C667 MAO drug therapy MAO drug treatment MAO inhibitor therapy MAOI therapy inhibitors of MAO therapy inhibitors of monoamine oxidase therapy treatment with EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor Any substance that inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamines and plays a role in the inactivation of neurotransmitters. monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy MAO inhibitor therapy MAOI therapy Any substance that inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamines and plays a role in the inactivation of neurotransmitters. NCIT:C667 Treatment with a medication that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake into the presynaptic cell. 2019-01-22T18:40:17Z OMIT:0001323 SNRI agent therapy SNRI drug therapy SNRI drug treatment serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor agent therapy serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug therapy serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug treatment serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor therapy serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor agent therapy serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug treatment serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drug treatment serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy Treatment with mood-stimulating agents which contain a tricyclic structure and are used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. 2019-01-22T18:41:18Z NCIT:C94727 tricyclic antidepressant drug therapy tricyclic antidepressant drug treatment tricyclic antidepressant agent therapy obsolete antidepressants, other true Treatment with a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic action(s) of a specified xenobiotic. 2019-01-22T18:41:49Z CHEBI:50247 antidote drug therapy antidote agent therapy Treatment with a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic action(s) of a specified xenobiotic. PMID:9079217 Medication given to prevent or deter a patient from using a substance. 2019-01-22T18:42:02Z abuse deterrent drug treatment abuse deterrent agent therapy An agent used to treat a toxicologic agent. 2019-01-22T18:42:18Z toxicologic drug therapy toxicologic agent therapy Treatment with a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. 2019-01-22T18:44:08Z CHEBI:24261 treatment with a glucocorticoid drug treatment with a glucocorticoid medication treatment with a glucocorticoid therapy glucocorticicoid agent therapy Treatment with a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. CHEBI:24261 Treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. 2019-01-22T18:44:26Z CHEBI:35475 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication treatment treatment with NSAID drug treatment with NSAID medication treatment with NSAID therapy treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication NSAID therapy Treatment with medications to alleviate symptoms and occurrence of migraine headaches. 2019-01-22T18:45:01Z anti migraine drug therapy anti-migraine drug therapy anti-migraine medication therapy migraine headache therapy migraine medication treatment migraine treatment standard migraine therapies treatment for migraine treatment of migraine treatment with antimigraine agent antimigraine agent therapy Treatment with medications to alleviate symptoms and occurrence of migraine headaches. Use of medication to treat migraine headache symptoms acutely. 2019-01-22T18:45:12Z abortive anti migraine medication therapy abortive anti-migraine drug therapy abortive migraine headache treatment abortive migraine medication therapy abortive migraine treatment abortive therapy for migraine headache abortive treatment of migraine standard migraine abortive therapies symptomatic treatment of migraine treatment with abortive antimigraine agent abortive antimigraine agent therapy Use of medication to treat migraine headache symptoms acutely. Use of medication to decrease the occurrence of migraine headaches. 2019-01-22T18:45:30Z prophylactic migraine headache treatment prophylactic migraine therapy prophylactic migraine treatment prophylactic treament of migraine headache prophylactic treatment of migraine treatment with prophylactic antimigraine agent prophylactic antimigraine agent therapy Use of medication to decrease the occurrence of migraine headaches. Medication given by mouth or by injection to treat myasthenia gravis. 2019-01-22T18:47:33Z anti-myasthenic drug therapy antimyasthenic drug therapy antimyasthenic medication therapy antimyasthenic agent therapy Treatment with a drug to activate the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). They can act as direct agonists of acetylcholine receptors (ACh) or indirect agonists of ACh. While direct agonists act by binding directly to muscarinic or nicotinic ACh receptors, indirect agonists prolong the action of endogenous acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. 2019-01-22T18:47:49Z cholinomimetic agents therapy cholinomimetic drug therapy cholinomimetic medication therapy parasympathomimetic agent therapy parasympathomimetic drug therapy parasympathomimetic drug treatment parasympathomimetic medication therapy treatment with cholinomimetic agent treatment with cholinomimetic drug treatment with cholinomimetic medication treatment with parasympathomimetic agent treatment with parasympathomimetic drug treatment with parasympathomimetic medication Direct agonists of ACh are used topically in ophthalmology to induce miosis, while indirect agonists are used to treat, e.g., postoperative ileus or urinary retention and myasthenia gravis. parasympathomimetic therapy Use of a treat or prevent infections caused by Mycobacteria, a genus of actinobacteria. 2019-01-22T18:48:12Z CHEBI:64912 antimycobacterial drug treatment antimycobacterials therapy antimycobacterium therapy treatment with an anti-mycobacterial agent treatment with an anti-mycobacterial drug treatment with an anti-mycobacterial medication treatment with an anti-mycobacterial therapy treatment with an antimycobacterial agent treatment with an antimycobacterial drug treatment with an antimycobacterial medication treatment with antimycobacterial drug antimycobacterial agent therapy Use of a substance that kills or slows the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 2019-01-22T18:49:27Z CHEBI:33231 antitubercular drug therapy antitubercular drug treatment antituberculosis agent therapy treatment with an anti-tubercular agent treatment with an anti-tubercular drug treatment with an anti-tubercular medication treatment with an anti-tubercular therapy treatment with an antitubercular agent treatment with an antitubercular drug treatment with an antitubercular medication treatment with antitubercular agent tuberculostatic agent therapy antitubercular agent therapy Use of a substance that suppresses Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorates the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduces the incidence and severity of leprous reactions. 2019-01-22T18:49:45Z CHEBI:35816 leprostatic drug treatment treatment with a leprostatic agent treatment with a leprostatic drug treatment with a leprostatic medication treatment with a leprostatic therapy treatment with leprostatic drug leprostatic agent therapy An antineoplastic agent that replaces hydrogen atom(s) in nucleophilic moieties with alky radical(s), hindering proper function. Alkylating agents exhibit cytotoxic effects through the alkylation of DNA, resulting in strand cross-linking, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and cancer cell growth. 2019-01-22T18:50:33Z CHEBI:22333 NCIT:C1590 NCIT:C223 alkylating drug therapy anti-neoplastic alkylating agent therapy antineoplastic alkylating agent therapy treatment with alkylating agent treatment with alkylating drug treatment with alkylating medication Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. alkylating agent therapy An antineoplastic agent that replaces hydrogen atom(s) in nucleophilic moieties with alky radical(s), hindering proper function. Alkylating agents exhibit cytotoxic effects through the alkylation of DNA, resulting in strand cross-linking, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and cancer cell growth. NCIT:C1590 Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. CHEBI:22333 Use of an agent or endogenous substance that inhibits the formation of capillaries from existing blood vessels. 2019-01-22T18:50:46Z CHEBI:48422 NCIT:C1742 angiogenesis antagonist therapy angiogenesis blocker therapy anti-angiogenic agent therapy antiangiogenesis agent therapy antiangiogenic agent drug treatment treatment with angiogenesis antagonist agent treatment with angiogenesis antagonist drug treatment with angiogenesis antagonist medication treatment with angiogenesis blocker agent treatment with angiogenesis blocker drug treatment with angiogenesis blocker medication treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor agent treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor drug treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor medication treatment with anti-angiogenic agent treatment with anti-angiogenic drug treatment with anti-angiogenic medication treatment with antiangiogenic agent treatment with antiangiogenic drug treatment with antiangiogenic medication angiostatic agent therapy antiangiogenic agent therapy obsolete antiestrogen agent therapy true Treatment of cancer that utilizes antimetabolite substances to disrupt DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis. 2019-01-22T18:51:33Z NCIT:C15183 anti-metabolite agent drug treatment antimetabolite agent drug treatment antimetabolite cancer drug antimetabolite cancer medication antimetabolites therapy cancer drug antimetabolite treatment with anti-metabolite agent treatment with anti-metabolite drug treatment with anti-metabolite medication treatment with antimetabolite agent treatment with antimetabolite drug treatment with antimetabolite medication antimetabolite agent therapy Treatment of cancer that utilizes antimetabolite substances to disrupt DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis. NCIT:C15183 Treatment with an EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) and so reduces production of estrogenic steroid hormones. 2019-01-22T18:54:45Z CHEBI:50790 aromatase inhibitor drug therapy aromatase inhibitor drug treatment treatment with EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor treatment with aromatase inhibitor agent treatment with aromatase inhibitor drug treatment with aromatase inhibitor medication treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor agent treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor drug treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor medication treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor therapy treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor agent treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor drug treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor medication aromatase inhibitor agent therapy A treatment that uses drugs to target specific genes and proteins that are involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells. 2019-01-22T18:55:15Z antineoplastic molecular target inhibitor drug treatment cancer targeted inhibitor drug treatment cancer targeted inhibitor therapy targeted cancer drug therapy targeted cancer therapy treatment with targeted cancer drug treatment with targeted cancer medication treatment with targeted cancer therapy antineoplastic molecular target inhibitor agent therapy Treatment with a biological agent (monoclonal antibody) that target factors responsible for deregulated cell proliferation as in cancer. 2019-01-22T18:55:45Z NCIT:C15490 antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies therapy antineoplastic monoclonal antibody drug treatment antineoplastic monoclonal antibody agent therapy Use of any of a group of agents that includes retinol (Vitamin A) and related compounds with potential antineoplastic and/or chemopreventive activities. 2019-01-22T18:56:30Z NCIT:C804 retinoic acid agent therapy retinoic acid drug therapy retinoid drug therapy retinoid drug treatment treatment with retinoic acid agent treatment with retinoic acid drug treatment with retinoic acid medication treatment with retinoic acid therapy treatment with retinoid agent treatment with retinoid drug treatment with retinoid medication treatment with retinoid therapy A retinoic acid agent binds to and/or activates specific nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), thereby modulating transcription of genes responsible for cell differentiation and proliferation. A retinoic acid agent may exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may inhibit ornithine decarboxylase, resulting in a decrease in polyamine synthesis and keratinization. retinoid agent therapy Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths). 2019-01-22T18:57:26Z CHEBI:35443 anthelminitic agent drug therapy anthelmintic drug therapy anthelmintic drug treatment antihelminthics vermifuge therapy vermicide therapy anthelmintic agent therapy Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths). CHEBI:35443 Treatment with an antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections. 2019-01-22T18:57:54Z CHEBI:35820 antiprotozoal drug treatment antiprotozoals therapy treatment with an antiprotozoal agent treatment with an antiprotozoal drug treatment with an antiprotozoal medication treatment with antiprotozoal drug protozoan drug treatment antiprotozoal agent therapy An agent used to as a treament of ectoparasitic infestations. 2019-01-22T18:58:53Z CHEBI:38956 ectoparasiticide therapy ectoparasiticide agent therapy An agent used to as a treament of ectoparasitic infestations. Treatment with an antiviral drug used for treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. 2019-01-22T18:59:18Z Anti-CMV agent therapy anti-CMV medication reatment anti-cmv drug therapy anti-cmv therapy anti-cytomegalovirus drug therapy anti-cytomegalovirus drug treatment anti-cytomegalovirus medication treatment antiviral treatment of cytomegalovirus therapy cytomegalovirus drug treatment therapy anti-cytomegalovirus agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral drug used for treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. PMID:21827432 Treatment with a drug which can have different modes of action but which tend to be less likely than first generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements. 2019-01-22T19:00:47Z CHEBI:65191 atypical antipsychotic agent treatment atypical antipsychotic drug treatment second generation antipsychotic agent therapy second generation antipsychotic drug treatment treatment with atypical antipsychotic treatment with second generation antipsychotic atypical antipsychotic agent therapy Treatment with a drug which can have different modes of action but which tend to be more likely than second generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements; such body movements can become permanent even after treatment has ceased. 2019-01-22T19:01:06Z CHEBI:65190 conventional antipsychotic drug treatment first generation antipsychotic agent treatment first generation antipsychotic drug treatment treatment with conventional antipsychotic treatment with first generation antipsychotic typical antipsychotic agent therapy typical antipsychotic drug treatment typical antipsychotic therapy conventional antipsychotic agent therapy Treatment with an agent that suppresses muscle spasms. 2019-01-22T19:02:05Z CHEBI:53784 anti-spasticity agent therapy antispasmodic agent therapy antispasmodic drug therapy antispastic agent therapy antispastic drug treatment antispasticity agent drug treatment antispasticity drug therapy treatmeant with antispasticity drug treatmeant with antispasticity medication treatment with a antispasmodic drug treatment with a antispasmodic medication treatment with a antispasmodic therapy treatment with antispasticity agent antispasticity agent therapy Use of a drug for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with hepatitis virus(es). 2019-01-22T20:15:16Z anti-hepatitis agent therapy anti-hepatitis drug therapy anti-hepatitis drug treatment antihepatitis drug therapy antihepatitis drug treatment treatment with anti-hepatitis drug treatment with anti-hepatitis medication treatment with antihepatitis medication antihepatitis agent therapy Use of any drug that counters herpes. 2019-01-22T20:15:33Z anti-herpes agent therapy anti-herpes drug therapy anti-herpes medication therapy antiherpetic agent drug therapy antiherpetic agent drug treatment treatment with anti-herpes agent treatment with anti-herpes drug treatment with antiherpetic agent treatment with antiherpetic drug treatment with antiherpetic medication antiherpetic agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. 2019-01-22T20:16:07Z CHEBI:64946 NCIT:C1660 anti-HIV drug treatment treatment with anti-HIV agent treatment with anti-HIV drug treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus medication anti-HIV agent therapy Treatment with a drug which interferes with the binding, fusion and entry of an HIV virion to a human cell. By blocking this step in HIV's replication cycle, such agents slow the progression from HIV infection to AIDS. 2019-01-22T20:18:25Z CHEBI:59886 anti-HIV theraoym fusion inhibitor drug treatment anti-HIV therapy, fusion inhibitor drug treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor agent treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor drug treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor medication treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor therapy anti-HIV therapy, fusion inhibitor Treatment with a substance structurally unlike a nucleoside molecule that is capable of inhibiting the function of a reverse transcriptase. These compounds do not bind to the active site of the polymerase but in a less conserved pocket near the active site, causing a distortion in the shape of the active site and resulting in inhibition of enzymatic function, chain termination, and inhibition of viral replication. 2019-01-22T20:18:58Z NCIT:C97453 anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug therapy anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor agent treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy Treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) which block reverse transcriptase (an HIV enzyme). 2019-01-22T20:20:58Z NRTI drug therapy anti-HIV nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment treatment with NRTI agent treatment with NRTI drug treatment with NRTI medication treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication treatment with nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment with nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy Use of an inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly. 2019-01-22T20:21:25Z CHEBI:35660 NCIT:C97366 HIV protease inhibitor drug therapy HIV protease inhibitor drug treatment treatment with HIV protease inhibitor treatment with HIV protease inhibitor agent treatment with HIV protease inhibitor drug treatment with HIV protease inhibitor medication HIV protease inhibitor therapy Treatment with a drug used for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with influenza viruses. 2019-01-22T20:21:48Z anti-flu medication therapy anti-influenza drug therapy anti-influenza drug treatment treatment with anti-influenza drug treatment with anti-influenza medication anti-influenza agent therapy obsolete anxiolytics, other true Treatment with an antidepressant that can be used to treat anxiety. 2019-01-22T20:32:25Z antidepressant anxiolytics Treatment with used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. 2019-01-22T20:33:05Z CHEBI:35477 antimanic agent drug treatment antimanic agent treatment therapy bipolar agent drug therapy bipolar agent drug treatment bipolar disorder agent therapy treatment with antimanic agent treatment with antimanic drug treatment with antimanic medication antimanic agent therapy Treatment with any agent that treats or prevents diabetes or diabetes symptoms. 2019-01-22T20:33:31Z anti-diabetic therapy antidiabetic agent drug treatment antidiabetic therapy antidiabetic agent therapy Treatment with any drug or agent taken that maintains ando/or regulates blood glucose levels. 2019-01-22T20:33:43Z glycemic agent drug therapy glycemic regulation agent therapy glycemic regulation drug treatment glycemic regulator agent therapy glycemic agent therapy A synthetic or animal-derived form of insulin used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic insulin is formulated to be short-, intermediate- and long-acting in order to individualize an insulin regimen according to individual differences in glucose and insulin metabolism. Therapeutic insulin may be derived from porcine, bovine or recombinant sources. Endogenous human insulin, a pancreatic hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, is important for the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and has anabolic effects on many types of tissues. 2019-01-22T20:33:51Z NCIT:C581 insulin drug treatment insulin therapy therapeutic insulin preparations treatment therapeutic insulin therapy insulin treatment A synthetic or animal-derived form of insulin used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic insulin is formulated to be short-, intermediate- and long-acting in order to individualize an insulin regimen according to individual differences in glucose and insulin metabolism. Therapeutic insulin may be derived from porcine, bovine or recombinant sources. Endogenous human insulin, a pancreatic hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, is important for the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and has anabolic effects on many types of tissues. NCIT:C581 Treatment with drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. 2019-01-22T20:34:31Z CHEBI:35470 CNS agent therapy CNS drug therapy treatment with central nervous system drug central nervous system agent therapy CNS agent therapy CNS drug therapy Treatment with a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. 2019-01-22T20:35:07Z CHEBI:35338 NCIT:C62006 amphetamine drug intake amphetamine drug therapy amphetamines therapy treatment with amphetamine agent treatment with amphetamine drug treatment with amphetamine medication treatment with amphetamines amphetamine agent therapy Use of non-stimulant (non-amphetamine) medication for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2019-01-22T20:35:24Z non-amphetamine ADHD agent therapy non-amphetamine ADHD drug therapy non-stimulant ADHD treatment non-stimulant Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder agent therapy non-stimulant ADHD agent therapy Use of non-stimulant (non-amphetamine) medication for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). obsolete non-amphetamines, other true Any agent or drug used to treat oral diseases. 2019-01-22T20:35:53Z dental and oral agent therapy Use of a drug to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. 2019-01-22T20:36:09Z CHEBI:50177 dermatologic agent therapy dermatologic drug treatment treatment with dermatolic drug treatment with dermatolic medication treatment with dermatolical drug treatment with dermatolical medication treatment with dermatologic drug dermatological agent therapy obsolete enzyme replacements and modifier agent therapy true Use of a drug for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion. 2019-01-22T20:36:38Z CHEBI:55324 gastrointestinal agent treatment gastrointestinal drug treatment gastrointestinal drug treatment therapy treatment with gastrointestinal drug treatment with gastrointestinal medication gastrointestinal agent therapy Treatment to regulate muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. 2019-01-22T20:37:00Z gastrointestinal anti-spasmodic agent therapy gastrointestinal antispasmodic agent therapy gastrointestinal antispasmodic drug treatment gastrointestinal antispasmodic treatment therapy gastrointestinal antispasmodics agent therapy H2-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. 2019-01-22T20:37:14Z CHEBI:37961 H2 blocker treatment therapy H2 blocking agent treatment therapy H2 receptor antagonist treatment therapy H2 receptor blockader treatment H2-receptor blocker therapy Histamine2 antagonist therapy histamine H2 receptor antagonist therapy histamine H2 receptor antagonist treatment histamine2 blocking agent therapy H2-receptor antagonist agent therapy H2-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. CHEBI:37961 Treatment with any agent that helps treat irritable bowel syndrome. 2019-01-22T20:37:54Z irritable bowel syndrome agent therapy Treatment with medications that coat the ulcerated surfaces of gastrointestinal lining and are used mainly for peptic ulcer disease. 2019-01-22T20:38:16Z gastrointestinal protectant drug treatment gastrointestinal protectant treatment therapy gastroprotectant gastrointestinal protectant agent therapy Any one of the substituted benzimidazole compounds with anti-ulcer activity. A proton pump inhibitor is orally administered in the neutrally charged, inactive form and, upon entering the acidic environment of the parietal cell, gets protonated and converted into its active form. The active form will covalently and irreversibly bind to the proton pump, the H+/K+-ATPase, located on the surface of parietal cells. This leads to an inhibition of the transport of hydrogen ions, in exchange for potassium ions, into the gastric lumen and results in an inhibition of gastric acid secretion. 2019-01-22T20:38:35Z NCIT:C29723 PPI agent therapy PPI drug therapy PPI treatment therapy proton pump inhibitor drug treatment proton pump inhibitor treatment therapy proton pump inhibitor agent therapy Any one of the substituted benzimidazole compounds with anti-ulcer activity. A proton pump inhibitor is orally administered in the neutrally charged, inactive form and, upon entering the acidic environment of the parietal cell, gets protonated and converted into its active form. The active form will covalently and irreversibly bind to the proton pump, the H+/K+-ATPase, located on the surface of parietal cells. This leads to an inhibition of the transport of hydrogen ions, in exchange for potassium ions, into the gastric lumen and results in an inhibition of gastric acid secretion. NCIT:C29723 PPI agent therapy PPI drug therapy PPI treatment therapy obsolete gastrointestinal agents, other true Use of a drug to treat conditions of the reproductive organs and excretory system or urinary tract. 2019-01-22T20:39:18Z treatment with genitourinary agent treatment with genitourinary drug treatment with genitourinary medication genitourinary agent therapy Treatment to inhibit involuntary detrusor muscle contractions. 2019-01-22T20:39:46Z urinary antispasmodic agent therapy Treatment with agent to increase urine flow in patients with an enlarged prostate. 2019-01-22T20:40:09Z benign prostate hypertrophy agent therapy Treatment with agents used to reduce the absorption of dietary phosphate 2019-01-22T20:40:24Z phosphate binders agent therapy obsolete genitourinary agents, other true Treatments that are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive. 2019-01-22T20:42:45Z glucocorticoids/ mineralocorticoids therapy Treatment with an agent or medication that regulates hormones released by the pituitary. 2019-01-22T20:44:06Z treatment with pituitary modifier treatment with pituitary modifying agent treatment with pituitary modifying drug treatment with pituitary modifying medication pituitary-modifying, hormonal agent therapy Treatment with an agent regulating protaglandins. 2019-01-22T20:45:21Z treatment with prostaglandin modifier treatment with prostaglandin modifying agent treatment with prostaglandin modifying drug treatment with prostaglandin modifying medication prostaglandin-modifying, hormonal agent therapy Treatment with any agent or medication that modifies androgen, estrogens, and/or progestogens. 2019-01-22T20:46:02Z sex hormone modifying drug treatment gonadal steroid modifying agent therapy gonadocorticoid modifying agent therapy sex hormone modifying agent therapy Use of any agent that can alter hormone levels or modulate hormone effects. 2019-01-22T20:49:54Z NCIT:C147908 hormone modifiers hormone modifying agent hormone modifying drug hormone modifying drugs hormone therapies hormone therapy hormone therapy agents hormone therapy drugs treatment with hormone modifiers hormone modifying therapy Treatment with an agent or medication that regulates hormones released by the thyroid. 2019-01-22T20:51:04Z treatment with thyroid modifier treatment with thyroid modifying agent treatment with thyroid modifying drug treatment with thyroid modifying medication thyroid-modifying hormonal agent therapy Use of a compound which stimulates anabolism and inhibits catabolism. Anabolic agents stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power. 2019-01-22T20:51:34Z CHEBI:36413 anabolic agent therapy anabolic steroid modifying drug treatment treatment with anabolic steroid anabolic steroid modifying agent therapy Treatment with an agent to modify androgen action. 2019-01-22T20:51:44Z treatment with androgen agent treatment with androgen drug treatment with androgen medication treatment with androgen modifying agent treatment with androgen modifying drug androgen modifying agent therapy A drug which acts to modulates estrogenic activity in the body, either by modulating the amount of estrogen or by modulating the activity of whatever estrogen is present. 2019-01-22T20:52:07Z CHEBI:50739 estrogen modifying drug therapy estrogen modifying medication therapy oestrogen modifying agent therapy oestrogen modifying drug therapy treatment with estrogen receptor modulator treatment with estrogent modifying medication treatment with oestrogen modifying medication estrogen modifying agent therapy Treatment with an agent to modify progestin action. 2019-01-22T20:52:15Z progestin modifying drug treatment treatment with progestin modifier treatment with progestin modifying agent treatment with progestin modifying drug treatment with progestin modifying medication progestin modifying agent therapy Treatment with an agent to that selectively modifies estrogen receptor action. 2019-01-22T20:52:46Z selective-estrogen receptor modifying agent therapy Use of a drug to treat hyperparathyroidism by reducing the excessive production of parathyroid hormones. 2019-01-22T20:53:28Z CHEBI:50827 antiparathyroid agent therapy treatment with antiparathyroid drug treatment with antiparathyroid medication treatment with parathyroid-suppressant agent treatment with parathyroid-suppressant drug treatment with parathyroid-suppressant medication parathyroid-suppressant hormone therapy Use of a compound which increases or activates the biosynthesis or actions of androgens. 2019-01-22T20:54:46Z treatment with androgen agonist treatment with androgen stimulant androgen stimulant agent therapy Use of a compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of androgens. 2019-01-22T20:55:10Z CHEBI:35497 treatment with androgen antagonist treatment with androgen blocker treatment with androgen suppressant agent androgen suppressant hormone agent therapy Treatment with an agent or medication that stimulates hormones released by the thyroid. 2019-01-22T20:59:15Z treatment with thyroid agonist treatment with thyroid stimulating agent treatment with thyroid stimulating drug treatment with thyroid stimulating medication treatment with thyroid-stimulating agent thyroid-stimulating hormonal agent therapy Use of a drug to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones. 2019-01-22T20:59:33Z CHEBI:50671 anti-thyroid drug treatment treatment with anti-thyroid agent treatment with antithyroid agent treatment with antithyroid drug treatment with antithyroid medication antithyroid agent therapy Use of a drug that induces, enhances, restores or suppresses the host's immune system, or an agent that utilizes or is derived from a component of the immune system. 2019-01-22T21:00:01Z CHEBI:50846 NCIT:C308 immune factor therapy immune mediator treatment therapy immune modulator therapy immune regulator therapy immunological agent treatment therapy immunomodulating agent treatment therapy immunomodulator treatment therapy immunomodulatory agent treatment therapy immunotherapeutic agent treatment therapy immunotherapy agent immunotherapy treatment treatment with immunological agent treatment with immunological drug treatment with immunological medication treatment with immunomodifying agent treatment with immunomodifying drug treatment with immunomodifying medication treatment with immunomodulator immunological agent therapy Use of a substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. 2019-01-22T21:00:13Z CHEBI:50847 immunoactivator treatment therapy immunoadjuvant treatment therapy immunologic adjuvant treatment therapy immunological adjuvant treatment therapy immunopotentiator treatment therapy immunostimulant treatment therapy treatment with immune stimulant treatment with immunoactivator treatment with immunoadjuvant treatment with immunological adjuvant A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. immune stimulant agent therapy A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. CHEBI:50847 Use of an agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. 2019-01-22T21:00:25Z CHEBI:35705 NCIT:C574 immune suppressant agent treatment immunosuppressant agent therapy immunosuppressant treatment therapy immunosuppressive agent treatment therapy immunosuppressor agent therapy treatment immunosuppressant treatment with immune suppressant treatment with immunosuppressive treatment with immunosuppressive agent Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. immune suppressant agent therapy Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. CHEBI:35705 Treatment with antibodies to a disease to provide a temporary immunity. 2019-01-22T21:00:40Z passive immunizing agent therapy The drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may include the use of anti-inflammatory agents and agents that reduce the symptoms associated with IBD. 2019-01-22T21:01:33Z PMID:21857074 anti-IBD drug treatment therapy anti-inflammatory bowel disease drug treatment anti-inflammatory bowel disease therapy inflammatory bowel disease agent therapy The drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may include the use of anti-inflammatory agents and agents that reduce the symptoms associated with IBD. PMID:21857074 The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. 2019-01-22T21:02:35Z CHEBI:30762 salicylate agent therapy The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Treatment with drug or agent to treat or prevent deformities or abnormalities of the bone caused by a metabolic disorder. 2019-01-22T21:04:21Z metabolic bone disease drug treatment metabolic bone disease agent therapy Use of a drug to treat eye conditions or eye diseases. 2019-01-22T21:04:40Z CHEBI:66981 ophthalmic drug treatment ophthalmics drug treatment ophthalmologicals therapy ophthalmology agent therapy ophthalmology agent treatment therapy treatment with ophthalmic agent treatment with ophthalmic drug treatment with ophthalmic medication treatment with ophthalmology drug ophthalmic agent therapy Treatment with medication delivered directly to the eye to treat allergies or allergy symptoms. 2019-01-22T21:04:55Z ophthalmic anti-allergy agent therapy Use of a drug which can be used to prevent or alleviate glaucoma, a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in progressive, irreversible loss of vision. 2019-01-22T21:05:20Z CHEBI:39456 ophthalmic antiglaucoma agent therapy treatment with anti-glaucoma agent treatment with anti-glaucoma medication treatment with antiglaucoma agent treatment with antiglaucoma drug treatment with antiglaucoma medication antiglaucoma agent therapy Treatment with an agent or medication formulated to be applied in the eyes, to reduce pain or to treat inflammation, especially used after eye surgery to relieve pain. 2019-01-22T21:05:47Z ophthalmic anti-inflammatory agent therapy Treatment with an agent applied directly to the eye to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) via regulating prostaglandin and prostamide. 2019-01-22T21:06:19Z ophthalmic prostaglandin and prostamide agent therapy obsolete ophthalmic agents, other true Treatment with a substance intended for administration either on the outer ear or into the auditory canal. 2019-01-22T21:08:34Z NCIT:C69040 NCIT:C69040 treatment with otic medication otic agent therapy An agent that exerts a physiologic effect on any anatomic entity that is part of the respiratory tract and airways. 2019-01-22T21:08:56Z NCIT:C78273 agent affecting respiratory system treatment respiratory tract agent treatment respiratory tract drug treatment therapy treatment with respiratory tract agent treatment with respiratory tract medication respiratory tract agent therapy An agent that exerts a physiologic effect on any anatomic entity that is part of the respiratory tract and airways. NCIT:C78273 Use of drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. 2019-01-22T21:09:06Z CHEBI:37956 antihistamine drug treatment antihistimine drug therapy histamine receptor blocker drug treatment histamine receptor blocker therapy treatment with antihistamine treatment with histamine antagonist treatment with histamine blocker antihistamine agent therapy Treatment with an inhaled agent that reduces inflammation and mucus in the airways that carry air to the lungs. 2019-01-22T21:09:38Z inhaled corticosteroid drug treatment inhaled corticosteroid agent therapy Use of a drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level. 2019-01-22T21:09:53Z CHEBI:49159 antileukotriene drug treatment treatment with antileukotriene agent treatment with antileukotriene medication treatment with leukotriene antagonist treatment with leukotriene blocker antileukotriene agent therapy Use of an agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. 2019-01-22T21:10:11Z CHEBI:35523 NCIT:C319 bronchodilator agent treatment bronchodilator drug treatment broncholytic agent therapy treatment with bronchodilator treatment with bronchodilator agent bronchodilator therapy Treatment with an agent that blocks the effect of acetylcholine in airways and nasal passages to keep the airways from constricting during asthma and allergy-related brathing issues. 2019-01-22T21:10:37Z anticholinergic bronchodilator drug treatment anticholinergic bronchodilator agent therapy Treatment with a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor that decreases mean pulmonary arterial pressure. 2019-01-22T21:11:08Z phosphodiesterase inhibitor bronchodilator drug treatment phosphodiesterase inhibitor bronchodilator agent therapy Treatment with an agent for reversible airway obstruction in diseases such as asthma and COPD. These agents produce bronchodilation by stimulating beta2 adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscle. 2019-01-22T21:11:37Z adrenergic bronchiodilator agent therapy adrenergic bronchiodilator agent treatment adrenergic bronchiodilator drug therapy sympathomimetic bronchodilator drug therapy treatment with adrenergic bronchiodilator agent sympathomimetic bronchodilator agent therapy Treatment with an agent that block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and other factors thereby preventing or regulating allergic disorders. 2019-01-22T21:12:02Z NCIT:C29714 mast cell stabiliser agent therapy mast cell stabiliser drug treatment mast cell stabilizer drug treatment mast cell stabilizer agent therapy Treatment with an agent that decreases pulmonary hypertension. 2019-01-22T21:12:15Z pulmonary antihypertensive drug treatment pulmonary antihypertensive agent therapy obsolete respiratory tract agents, other true Treatment with a central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. 2019-01-22T21:14:36Z CHEBI:35717 NCIT:C29756 hypnotic agent therapy hypnotic drug therapy hypnotics agent therapy sedative agent drug therapy sedative agent drug treatment sedative and hypnotic drug treatment sedative drug therapy sedative drug treatment sedative treatment therapy sedative-hypnotic drug treatment sedatives and hypnotic drug therapy sedatives/hypnotic drug treatment treatment with sedative sedatives and hypnotic agent therapy Treatment with a central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. CHEBI:35717 Use of a drug used to produce muscle relaxation (excepting neuromuscular blocking agents). Its primary clinical and therapeutic use is the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. Also used for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis. 2019-01-22T21:14:48Z CHEBI:51371 NCIT:C29696 muscle relaxant agent therapy skeletal muscle relaxant drug treatment treatment with muscle relaxant skeletal muscle relaxant agent therapy Use of a substance for the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases. 2019-04-10T19:56:29Z CHEBI:35441 anti-infective drug therapy treatment with anti-infective agent treatment with anti-infective drug treatment with anti-infective medication treatment with antiinfective agent treatment with antiinfective drug treatment with antiinfective medication anti-infective agent therapy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from head for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z head biopsy biopsy of head Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from abdomen for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z abdomen biopsy biopsy of abdomen Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from adipose for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z adipose tissue biopsy biopsy of adipose tissue Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from adrenal cortex for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z adrenal cortex biopsy biopsy of adrenal cortex Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from adrenal gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z adrenal gland biopsy biopsy of adrenal gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from anal canal for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z anal canal biopsy biopsy of anal canal Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from anus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z NCIT:C51586 anus biopsy anal biopsy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from aorta for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z aorta biopsy biopsy of aorta Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the uterus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z body of uterus biopsy uterine biopsy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the calcified bone for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z biopsy of the bone bone element biopsy calcified bone biopsy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from bone marrow for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z bone marrow biopsy biopsy of bone marrow Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from bone tissue for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z bone tissue biopsy biopsy of bone tissue Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from brain for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z brain biopsy biopsy of brain Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from brainstem for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z brainstem biopsy biopsy of brainstem Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from breast for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z breast biopsy biopsy of breast Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from bronchus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z bronchus biopsy bronchial biopsy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from caecum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z caecum biopsy biopsy of caecum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cardiac ventricle for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z cardiac ventricle biopsy biopsy of cardiac ventricle Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cerebellum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z cerebellum biopsy biopsy of cerebellum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cerebral cortex for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z cerebral cortex biopsy biopsy of cerebral cortex Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from chest wall for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z chest wall biopsy biopsy of chest wall Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from chordate pharynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z chordate pharynx biopsy biopsy of chordate pharynx Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from choroid plexus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z choroid plexus biopsy biopsy of choroid plexus Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cochlea for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z cochlea biopsy biopsy of cochlea Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from colon for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z colon biopsy biopsy of colon Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from colorectum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z colorectum biopsy biopsy of colorectum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from dermis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z dermis biopsy biopsy of dermis Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from diaphragm for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z diaphragm biopsy biopsy of diaphragm Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the thalamus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z dorsal plus ventral thalamus biopsy biopsy of thalamus Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from duodenum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z duodenum biopsy biopsy of duodenum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from endocardium for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z endocardium biopsy biopsy of endocardium Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from endocrine pancreas for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z endocrine pancreas biopsy biopsy of endocrine pancreas Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from endometrium for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z endometrium biopsy biopsy of endometrium Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from esophagus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z esophagus biopsy biopsy of esophagus Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from eye for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z eye biopsy biopsy of eye Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from fallopian tube for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z fallopian tube biopsy biopsy of fallopian tube Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from frontal lobe for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z frontal lobe biopsy biopsy of frontal lobe Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from gallbladder for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z gallbladder biopsy biopsy of gallbladder Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from genitourinary system for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z genitourinary system biopsy biopsy of genitourinary system Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from gonad for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z gonad biopsy biopsy of gonad Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from heart for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z heart biopsy biopsy of heart Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from hypopharynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z hypopharynx biopsy biopsy of hypopharynx Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from hypothalamus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z hypothalamus biopsy biopsy of hypothalamus Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from intestine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z intestine biopsy biopsy of intestine Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the jaw bone for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z jaw skeleton biopsy biopsy of jaw bone Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lacrimal apparatus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lacrimal apparatus biopsy biopsy of lacrimal apparatus Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from large intestine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z large intestine biopsy biopsy of large intestine Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from larynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z larynx biopsy biopsy of larynx Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from limb for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z limb biopsy biopsy of limb Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lip for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lip biopsy biopsy of lip Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from liver for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z liver biopsy biopsy of liver Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lower respiratory tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lower respiratory tract biopsy biopsy of lower respiratory tract Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lower urinary tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lower urinary tract biopsy biopsy of lower urinary tract Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the lumbar spine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lumbar region of vertebral column biopsy lumbar spine biopsy biopsy of lumbar spine Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lung for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lung biopsy biopsy of lung Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lymph node for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lymph node biopsy biopsy of lymph node Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the lymphatic system for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z lymphatic part of lymphoid system biopsy biopsy of lymphatic system Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the vulva for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z mammalian vulva biopsy vulva biopsy vulval biopsy biopsy of vulva Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from medulla oblongata for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z medulla oblongata biopsy biopsy of medulla oblongata Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from mouth for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z biopsy of oral cavity mouth biopsy biopsy of mouth obsolete biopsy of muscle true Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from muscle tissue for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z muscle biopsy muscle tissue biopsy biopsy of muscle tissue Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from nasolacrimal duct for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z nasolacrimal duct biopsy biopsy of nasolacrimal duct Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from nasopharynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z nasopharynx biopsy biopsy of nasopharynx Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from neck for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z neck biopsy biopsy of neck Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from ovary for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z ovary biopsy biopsy of ovary Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from pancreas for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z pancreas biopsy biopsy of pancreas Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from penis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z penis biopsy biopsy of penis Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from perianal skin for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z perianal skin biopsy biopsy of perianal skin Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from peritoneum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z peritoneum biopsy biopsy of peritoneum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from pituitary gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z pituitary gland biopsy biopsy of pituitary gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from pleura for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z pleura biopsy biopsy of pleura Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from rectum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z rectum biopsy biopsy of rectum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from retina for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z retina biopsy biopsy of retina Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the salivary gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z saliva-secreting gland biopsy salivary gland biopsy biopsy of salivary gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from scrotum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z scrotum biopsy biopsy of scrotum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from sebaceous gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z sebaceous gland biopsy biopsy of sebaceous gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from small intestine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z small intestine biopsy biopsy of small intestine Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from spinal cord for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z spinal cord biopsy biopsy of spinal cord Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from spleen for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z spleen biopsy biopsy of spleen Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from stomach for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z stomach biopsy biopsy of stomach Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from subglottis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z subglottis biopsy biopsy of subglottis Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from submandibular gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z submandibular gland biopsy biopsy of submandibular gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from testis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z testis biopsy biopsy of testis Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from thymus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z thymus biopsy biopsy of thymus Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from thyroid gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z thyroid gland biopsy biopsy of thyroid gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from tongue for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z tongue biopsy biopsy of tongue Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from tonsil for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z tonsil biopsy biopsy of tonsil Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from trachea for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z trachea biopsy biopsy of trachea Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from upper digestive tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z upper digestive tract biopsy biopsy of upper digestive tract Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from upper respiratory tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z upper respiratory tract biopsy biopsy of upper respiratory tract Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from ureter for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z ureter biopsy biopsy of ureter Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from urethra for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z urethra biopsy biopsy of urethra Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the bladder for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z urinary bladder biopsy biopsy of bladder Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from uterine cervix for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z uterine cervix biopsy biopsy of cervix Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from vagina for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z vagina biopsy biopsy of vagina Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the appendix for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z vermiform appendix biopsy biopsy of appendix Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the skin for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z skin biopsy zone of skin biopsy biopsy of skin Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide amazingly clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. 2019-04-26T17:25:14Z NCIT:C16809 MRI scan for therapeutics NMRI clinical magnetic resonance imaging procedure medical magnetic resonance imaging procedure nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for medical therapy therapeutic MRI magnetic resonance imaging procedure Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide amazingly clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. NCIT:C16809 MRI scan for therapeutics NMRI therapeutic MRI A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the head. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the head head MRI head magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the head A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the abdomen. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen abdomen MRI abdomen magnetic resonance imaging abdominal MRI MRI of the abdomen A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the brain. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain brain MRI brain magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the brain A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the chest. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the chest chest MRI chest magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the chest Radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to a body part and/or tumor from outside of the body. 2019-04-26T19:28:21Z EBRT external beam RT external beam radiotherapeutics external beam radiotherapy external-beam radiation External radiation therapy external beam radiation therapy EBRT external beam RT A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material is placed inside the body, into a tumor or body cavity. 2019-04-26T19:28:57Z NCIT:C15195 Brachytherapy Internal radiation brachytherapy internal radiation radiation brachytherapy internal radiation therapy A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material is placed inside the body, into a tumor or body cavity. NCIT:C15195 A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the breast. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the breast breast MRI breast magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the breast Use of an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring. 2019-08-29T18:00:40Z beta-lactams therapy CHEBI:27933 beta-lactam antibacterial drug therapy beta-lactam antibacterial drug treatment beta-lactam antibiotic agent therapy treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial drug treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial medication treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial therapy treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic agent treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic drug treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic medication treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic therapy beta-lactam antibacterial agent therapy Treatment with a pharmaceutical agent that inhibits the movement of calcium across through calcium channels in the cell membrane, preventing or decreasing the amount of calcium able to enter the cell. These drugs are used for their chronotropic, antihypertensive and vasodilatory effects. 2019-09-27T19:41:29Z CHEBI:38215 NCIT:C333 Ca2+ channel antagonist therapy Ca2+ channel blocker therapy calcium channel antagonist drug therapy calcium channel antagonist therapy calcium channel blocker drug therapy treatment with calcium channel blocker treatment with calcium channel blocker drug treatment with calcium channel blocker medication treatment with calcium channel blocking drug treatment with calcium channel blocking medication One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. calcium channel blocking agent therapy Ca2+ channel antagonist therapy Ca2+ channel blocker therapy One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. CHEBI:38215 Treatment with a drug that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. 2019-10-01T19:23:17Z CHEBI:60643 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist therapy NMDA receptor antagonist drug treatment NMDA receptor antagonist treatment NMDA receptor blocker therapy treatment with NMDA blockade drug treatment with NMDA blockade medication treatment with NMDA blockade therapy treatment with NMDA blockers treatment with NMDA receptor antagonist They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. NMDA receptor antagonist therapy They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. CHEBI:60643 Use of medication for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2019-10-02T15:59:55Z ADHD drug therapy ADHD drug treatment Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug therapy Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug treatment drug therapy for ADHD ADHD agent therapy Use of medication for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Use of stimulant medication (usually amphetamines) for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2019-10-02T16:01:46Z stimulant ADHD drug treatment stimulant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder agent therapy stimulant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug treatment stimulant drug therapy for ADHD stimulant drug treatment for ADHD stimulant ADHD agent therapy Use of stimulant medication (usually amphetamines) for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Any agent that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. Increased level in the synaptic cleft prolongs the action of 5-HT on the postsynaptic receptor. This type of agent is typically used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating some cases of insomnia. 2019-10-02T18:41:07Z CHEBI:50949 NCIT:C94725 SSRI drug therapy SSRI drug treatment selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug therapy selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug treatment treatment with SSRI treatment with SSRI agent treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agent treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication treatment with serotonin uptake inhibitor Any agent that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. Increased level in the synaptic cleft prolongs the action of 5-HT on the postsynaptic receptor. This type of agent is typically used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating some cases of insomnia. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy Any agent that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. Increased level in the synaptic cleft prolongs the action of 5-HT on the postsynaptic receptor. This type of agent is typically used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating some cases of insomnia. NCIT:C94725 Any agent that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. Increased level in the synaptic cleft prolongs the action of 5-HT on the postsynaptic receptor. This type of agent is typically used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating some cases of insomnia. NCIT:C94725 Glycoprotein growth factors produced by monocytes, macrophages, or activated lymphocytes that stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells and differentiation of stem cells into colonies of granulocytes, monocytes, or macrophages. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically in complex and poorly understood ways. Each appears to exert actions on several lines of progenitor cells and to influence end cell function. Treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can help the blood-forming tissue recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). 2019-10-08T17:41:54Z NCIT:C387 CSF agent therapy recombinant colony stimulating factor drug therapy recombinant colony-stimulating factor treatment recombinant hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor drug treatment colony stimulating factor agent therapy Glycoprotein growth factors produced by monocytes, macrophages, or activated lymphocytes that stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells and differentiation of stem cells into colonies of granulocytes, monocytes, or macrophages. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically in complex and poorly understood ways. Each appears to exert actions on several lines of progenitor cells and to influence end cell function. Treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can help the blood-forming tissue recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). NCIT:C387 CSF agent therapy Treatment with an agent that stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells and differentiation of stem cells into colonies of granulocytes. 2019-10-08T18:06:31Z NCIT:C1287 G-CSF treatment granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment therapy recombinant colony-stimulating factor 3 treatment therapy recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor drug treatment rhG-CSF therapy granulocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy G-CSF treatment rhG-CSF therapy Treatment with agents or medications which modulate the bone marrow's production of red blood cells. 2019-10-08T18:37:29Z erythropoietin modulating treatment erythropoietin regulating agent therapy Use of a recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous glycoprotein erythropoietin (Epo). Epo promotes the differentiation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors into erythrocytes; is a mitogen and a chemoattractant for endothelial cells; stimulates activated and differentiated B-cells and enhances B-cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation; and is hypoxia-inducible. 2019-10-08T18:38:34Z erythrocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy erythropoietin therapy CHEBI:81579 NCIT:C477 ESA therapy hematopoietin treatment therapy recombinant EPO treatment recombinant erythropoietin drug therapy recombinant erythropoietin treatment treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agent treatment with erythropoietin stimulating medication erythropoietin stimulating agent therapy ESA therapy recombinant EPO treatment Use of a drug that inhibits erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (red blood cell production). 2019-10-08T18:49:31Z CHEBI:91025 EPO inhibitor agent therapy EPO inhibitor drug treatment erythropoietin inhibitor drug treatment treatment with erythropoietin inhibitor erythropoietin inhibitor therapy EPO inhibitor agent therapy EPO inhibitor drug treatment A drug that prevents fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. 2019-10-08T19:21:34Z CHEBI:48675 antifibrinolytic drug treatment antifibrinolytic agent therapy A drug that prevents fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. CHEBI:48675 A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function. 2019-10-08T19:26:15Z CHEBI:4450 NCIT:C61701 1-(3-mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin drug treatment 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin agent therapy 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin agent therapy DDAVP agent therapy desmopresina agent therapy desmopressin drug treatment desmopressine agent therapy desmopressinum agent therapy desmopressin agent therapy A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function. CHEBI:4450 The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of a structure or organ. 2019-12-27T17:21:50Z excision NCIT:C15232 abscission surgical removal surgical excision Surgical removal (cutting out or off) without replacement of all of a body part or structure. 2019-12-27T17:45:26Z resection surgical resection Taking or cutting out solid matter from a body part. The solid matter contained in the definition may be an abnormal byproduct of a biological function or a foreign body. It may be embedded in a body part, or in the lumen of a tubular body part. The solid matter may or may not have been previously broken into pieces. 2020-01-02T19:00:34Z extirpation surgical extirpation Taking or cutting out solid matter from a body part. The solid matter contained in the definition may be an abnormal byproduct of a biological function or a foreign body. It may be embedded in a body part, or in the lumen of a tubular body part. The solid matter may or may not have been previously broken into pieces. ICD-10-PCS obsolete surgical enucleation true A surgical procedure that places something in the human body. 2020-01-06T18:21:08Z NCIT:C51982 implantation A surgical procedure that places something in the human body. NCIT:C51982 The removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive process. 2020-01-06T19:26:24Z NCIT:C20985 ablation therapy The removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive process. Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. 2020-01-06T19:30:40Z NCIT:C111241 photoablation therapy laser ablation therapy Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. NCIT:C111241 Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by chemical means. 2020-01-06T19:35:01Z NCIT:C111157 chemical ablation Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by chemical means. NCIT:C111157 The use of extreme cold to damage or destroy a body part, pathway, or function. The procedure is performed using small cryogenic probes during surgery, and has recently been applied to solitary sporadic renal tumor lesions. 2020-01-06T19:45:30Z NCIT:C15215 cryoablation therapy cryosurgical ablation therapy cryosurgery The use of extreme cold to damage or destroy a body part, pathway, or function. The procedure is performed using small cryogenic probes during surgery, and has recently been applied to solitary sporadic renal tumor lesions. NCIT:C15215 Thermal ablation refers to the destruction of tissue by extreme hyperthermia or hypothermia. 2020-01-06T19:50:11Z NCIT:C15670 thermal ablation therapy Thermal ablation refers to the destruction of tissue by extreme hyperthermia or hypothermia. NCIT:C15670 The management of pain by interventional procedures, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, psychological counseling, or complementary and alternative medical therapies designed to treat or alleviate pain. 2020-01-08T17:26:31Z pain therapy pain management Hydrotherapy is the external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site. 2020-01-08T17:32:42Z OMIT:0008013 PMID:24926444 hydropathy hydrotherapy treatment water therapy water cure hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy is the external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site. PMID:24926444 Thermal hydrotherapy uses external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) at temperatures above or below room temperature for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site. 2020-01-08T17:39:29Z hydro-thermal therapy hydrothermal therapy thermal water therapy bathing in thermal waters thermal hydrotherapy Washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with a fluid. 2020-01-08T17:42:19Z NCIT:C38068 OMIT:0008013 lavage therapeutic irrigation Washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with a fluid. NCIT:C38068 Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in warm water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects. 2020-01-08T18:05:56Z hot bath therapy warm water bath therapy hyperthermic immersion therapy warm water shower therapy warm water immersion therapy Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in warm water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects. PMID:24926444 Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in cold water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects. 2020-01-08T18:06:06Z CWI therapy ice bath therapy cold water immersion therapy CWI therapy A form of treatment where a limb or significant portion of the body is immersed in hot water immediately followed by the immersion into cold water. This procedure is repeated several times. 2020-01-08T18:06:31Z contrast water therapy Therapy occuring in a pool or bath which is a low-impact activity and takes the pressure off your bones, joints, and muscles. 2020-01-08T18:07:42Z aquatic exercise therapy A minimally-invasive procedure that permits sampling of breast ductal fluids for cytopathologic analysis. 2020-01-08T19:03:16Z NCIT:C51969 breast duct lavage A minimally-invasive procedure that permits sampling of breast ductal fluids for cytopathologic analysis. NCIT:C51969 Washing out the bronchi and alveoli by flushing with a fluid. 2020-01-08T19:03:33Z NCIT:C51913 bronchoaveolar lavage Washing out the bronchi and alveoli by flushing with a fluid. NCIT:C51913 A minimally invasive procedure that permits sampling of peritoneal fluid for cytopathologic analysis. 2020-01-08T19:03:46Z NCIT:C159340 peritoneal washing peritoneal lavage A minimally invasive procedure that permits sampling of peritoneal fluid for cytopathologic analysis. NCIT:C159340 The process in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debrise from the nose and sinuses with water or saline. 2020-01-08T19:04:02Z nasal irrigation nasal washing nasal lavage Avoid the administration or use of therapeutic procedure. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-12T20:39:14Z avoid therapeutic procedure avoiding therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure avoidance Avoid the administration or use of diagnostic procedure. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-12T20:39:14Z avoid diagnostic procedure avoiding diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure avoidance Avoid the administration or use of preventative therapy. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-12T20:39:14Z avoid preventative therapy avoiding preventative therapy preventative therapy avoidance The implantation of a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment that is useful for prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of disease or other conditions. 2020-01-20T14:58:18Z ERO:0001092 NCIT:C16830 implantation of a medical device insertion of a medical device insertion of a therapeutic device therapeutic device implantation medical instrument implantation medical machine implantation medical device implantation Implantation of a battery-powered device that is placed under the skin (typically in the left upper chest) with electrode wires that lead into the heart (typically lodging in the apex or septum of the right ventricle). The device can detect abnormal heart rhythms and deliver low-energy or high-energy shocks to interrupt malignant arrhythmia and thereby prevent sudden death. 2020-01-20T16:54:00Z NCIt:C93238 UMLS_CUI:C0162589 ICD placement automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement ICD placement The resection or complete surgical removal of a nerve. 2020-01-20T17:09:07Z surgical denervation Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is a surgical antiadrenergic intervention with a strong antiarrhythmic effect. LCSD consists in the removal of the left thoracic sympathetic chain and paravertebral ganglia from T1 to T4. 2020-01-20T17:11:04Z PMID:30972341 LCSD left cardiac sympathetic denervation Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is a surgical antiadrenergic intervention with a strong antiarrhythmic effect. LCSD consists in the removal of the left thoracic sympathetic chain and paravertebral ganglia from T1 to T4. PMID:30972341 LCSD Any procedure relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles. 2020-01-20T17:50:35Z MeSH:D019637 orthopaedic procedure orthopedic procedure Assessment by a surgeon who focuses on the preservation, investigation and restoration of the form and function of the extremities, spine and associated structures by medical, surgical and physical means. This specialist is involved with the care of patients whose musculoskeletal problems include congenital deformities, trauma, infections, tumors, metabolic disturbances of the musculoskeletal system, deformities, injuries and degenerative diseases of the spine, hands, feet, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow in children and adults. An orthopaedic surgeon is also concerned with primary and secondary muscular problems and the effects of central or peripheral nervous system lesions of the musculoskeletal system. 2020-01-20T17:50:52Z consultation with orthopedic surgeon orthopaedic consult orthopedic consult orthopedic surgeon consultation orthopedic surgeon referral orthopedist consultation referral to orthopedic surgeon referral to orthopedist orthopedic surgeon evaluation Assessment by a surgeon who focuses on the preservation, investigation and restoration of the form and function of the extremities, spine and associated structures by medical, surgical and physical means. This specialist is involved with the care of patients whose musculoskeletal problems include congenital deformities, trauma, infections, tumors, metabolic disturbances of the musculoskeletal system, deformities, injuries and degenerative diseases of the spine, hands, feet, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow in children and adults. An orthopaedic surgeon is also concerned with primary and secondary muscular problems and the effects of central or peripheral nervous system lesions of the musculoskeletal system. abms.org Any surgical procedure conducted on the skeletal system. 2020-01-20T17:51:02Z NCIT:C16186 orthopedic surgical procedure orthopedics surgery skeletal system surgical procedure orthopedic surgery obsolete orthopedic consultation true Orthotic services provide prescription insoles, braces, splints, callipers, footwear, spinal jackets and helmets which help people recover from or avoid injury, or live with lifelong conditions. 2020-01-20T18:01:00Z orthotic services The recommendation of the use of an orthosis or multiple orthoses, which are externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system. 2020-01-20T18:02:48Z PMID:26835739 orthoses usage orthotic device usage The recommendation of the use of an orthosis or multiple orthoses, which are externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system. PMID:26835739 A procedure where a healthcare provider, who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment. 2020-01-20T18:30:15Z medical professional consultation medical professional examination An appraisal or evaluation of a patient's condition by a clinician that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. medical professional evaluation An appraisal or evaluation of a patient's condition by a clinician that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. PMID:19567008 NCIT:C25305 Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction. 2020-01-21T19:47:30Z MeSH:D001852 OMIT:0003210 limb lengthening procedure leg lengthening bone lengthening procedure Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction. MeSH:D001852 A bone fixation technique using an external fixator for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. 2020-01-21T19:52:10Z MeSH:D018889 Ilizarov technique Ilizarov procedure A bone fixation technique using an external fixator for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. MeSH:D018889 Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery. 2020-01-21T20:01:15Z MeSH:D019857 distraction osteogenesis Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery. MeSH:D019857 A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. 2020-01-21T20:29:43Z CMO:0000000 PMID:2647562 clinical measurement clinical assessment A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. PMID:2647562 An assessment of body temperature. 2020-01-21T20:35:51Z 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z CMO:0000015 NCBIBook:NBK331 body temperature measurement The act of assessing an individual's current temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oxygenation, and blood pressure. 2020-01-21T20:43:33Z NCIT:C49672 VSTEST vital signs assessment vital signs measurement The act of assessing an individual's current temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oxygenation, and blood pressure. NCIT:C49672 VSTEST An assessment of the number of heartbeats per unit time, usually expressed as beats per minute. 2020-01-21T20:47:05Z CMO:0000002 NCIT:C49677 HR measurement heart rate assessment heart rate measurement HR measurement Assessment and recording of arterial pulses in any of a number of locations. The observer should note its intensity, rate, rhythm, and if any blood vessel tenderness, tortuosity, or nodularity exists. 2020-01-21T20:59:19Z NCBIBook:NBK350 pulse assessment The rate of breathing (inhalation and exhalation) measured within in a unit time, usually expressed as breaths per minute. 2020-01-21T21:04:00Z CMO:0000289 NCIT:C49678 respiratory rate assessment The rate of breathing (inhalation and exhalation) measured within in a unit time, usually expressed as breaths per minute. NCIT:C49678 Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the cardiovascular system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-21T21:09:50Z CMO:0000001 NCIT:C100084 cardiovascular diagnostic procedure cardiovascular system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of cardiovascular system Measurement of the pressure on the walls of the vessels as blood moves around the body. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart beats – while the heart muscle is contracting (squeezing) and pumping oxygen-rich blood into the blood vessels. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart muscle relaxes. The diastolic pressure is always lower than the systolic pressure. 2020-01-21T21:13:22Z CMO:0000003 NCBIBook:NBK279251 blood pressure assessment blood pressure monitoring blood pressure measurement Monitoring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope to hear blood flow. 2020-01-22T15:29:56Z MMO:0000055 NCIT:C69318 PMID:20937442 VSO:0000001 ausculatory sphygmomanometer blood pressure measurement auscultatory blood pressure measurement process auscultatory blood pressure monitoring Although the auscultatory method using mercury sphygmomanometer is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for office blood pressure measurement, widespread implementation of the ban in use of mercury sphygmomanometers continues to diminish the role of this technique. auscultatory blood pressure measurement Although the auscultatory method using mercury sphygmomanometer is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for office blood pressure measurement, widespread implementation of the ban in use of mercury sphygmomanometers continues to diminish the role of this technique. PMID:20937442 A blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer and an electronic pressure sensor (transducer) that detects blood flow by the presence of oscillations in the cuff pressure. 2020-01-22T20:49:15Z NCIT:C69319 PMID:20937442 VSO:0000026 oscillometric blood pressure measurement A method for monitoring blood pressure without requiring instruments introduced into the body. 2020-01-22T21:01:49Z NCIT:C69319 PMID:20937442 VSO:0000024 non-invasive blood presure measurement noninvasive blood pressure measurement An intra-arterial method of monitoring blood pressure. 2020-01-22T21:18:39Z VSO:0000023 invasive blood pressure measurement All manners of treatment to bring respiratory system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-23T15:55:17Z NCIT:C15322 respiratory system therapeutic procedure respiratory therapy therapeutic procedure of respiratory system A set of maneuvers or medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. This ensures an open pathway for gas exchange between a patient's lungs and the atmosphere. 2020-01-23T15:56:57Z MeSH:D058109 airway management A set of maneuvers or medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. This ensures an open pathway for gas exchange between a patient's lungs and the atmosphere. PMID:18675024 Removal of an endotracheal tube from the patient. 2020-01-23T16:07:45Z MeSH:D060666 NCIT:C50819 airway extubation tracheal extubation endotracheal extubation Removal of an endotracheal tube from the patient. MeSH:D060666 A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia. 2020-01-23T16:16:19Z MeSH:D007442 NCIT:C116648 airway intubation intratracheal intubation tracheal intubation endotracheal intubation A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia. MeSH:D007442 Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have respiratory insufficiency to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2). 2020-01-23T16:34:17Z artificial ventilation mechanical ventilation artificial respiration Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-23T16:48:07Z MeSH:D014140 PMID:32644550 trach tracheotomy Tracheostomy and tracheotomy are sometimes used interchangeably, but tracheotomy is simply a surgical incision of the trachea. tracheostomy A manual method for maintaining oxygenation using a mask. 2020-01-23T17:41:09Z bag-mask ventilation mask ventilation Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for intratracheal intubation. 2020-01-23T17:52:50Z MeSH:D063087 non-invasive ventilation noninvasive ventilation Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for intratracheal intubation. MeSH:D063087 Ventilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used. 2020-01-23T17:57:32Z MeSH:D006612 high frequency oscillation ventilation high frequency positive pressure ventilation high-frequency ventilation Ventilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used. MeSH:D006612 A technique of mechanical ventilation in which the lungs are insufflated with an oxygenated perfluorochemical liquid rather than an oxygen-containing gas mixture. 2020-01-23T18:01:24Z MeSH:D021061 liquid-assisted ventilation liquid ventilation A technique of mechanical ventilation in which the lungs are insufflated with an oxygenated perfluorochemical liquid rather than an oxygen-containing gas mixture. PMID:22043370 A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange. 2020-01-23T18:06:14Z MeSH:D011175 positive control ventilation positive controlled respiration positive end expiratory pressure technique positive pressure respiration positive pressure ventilation positive-controlled ventilation positive-pressure respiration positive-pressure ventilation positive controlled ventilation A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange. MeSH:D011175 Assisted ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs. 2020-01-23T18:22:46Z iron lung ventilation portalung ventilation MeSH:D015919 negative-pressure ventilation negative-pressure respiration obsolete bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation true A form of non-invasive mechanical pressure support ventilation that uses a continuous positive airway pressure level to support spontaneous breathing activity. 2020-01-23T18:31:36Z MeSH:D045422 NCIT:C124040 CPAP ventilation nCPAP ventilation nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation continuous positive airway pressure ventilation A form of non-invasive mechanical pressure support ventilation that uses a continuous positive airway pressure level to support spontaneous breathing activity. NCIT:C124040 CPAP ventilation nCPAP ventilation A rehabilitation therapy for removal of copious mucus secretion from the lung of patients with diseases. The patient's head is placed in a downward incline (so the trachea is inferior to the affected area) for 15 to 20 minute sessions. 2020-01-23T19:45:07Z MeSH:D015916 postural respiratory drainage pulmonary postural drainage postural drainage A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the chest. 2020-01-23T20:18:02Z MeSH:D035641 external chest wall oscillation high-frequency chest compression high-frequency chest wall oscillation chest wall oscillation A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the chest. MeSH:D035641 Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. 2020-01-23T20:23:16Z MeSH:D015199 ECLS treatment ECMO treatment extracorporeal life support extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. MeSH:D015199 ECLS treatment ECMO treatment Chest physical therapy (CPT or Chest PT) is an airway clearance technique (ACT) to drain the lungs, and may include percussion (clapping), vibration, deep breathing, and huffing or coughing. 2020-01-23T20:32:18Z CPT Chest PT chest physical therapy chest physiotherapy The insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ. 2020-01-23T20:44:41Z ERO:0001108 MeSH:D007440 NCIT:C37981 intubation procedure The insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ. NCIT:C37981 The removal of a previously inserted tube from a hollow organ or passageway, often from the airway. 2020-01-23T20:48:40Z NCIT:C50819 extubation procedure The removal of a previously inserted tube from a hollow organ or passageway, often from the airway. NCIT:C50819 Use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy where sound waves are used to create a real-time visual image of the developing fetus in the uterus. Imaging can include the mother's ovaries and uterus as well. 2020-01-24T19:29:52Z fetal ultrasound obstetric sonography obstetric ultrasonography obstetric ultrasound prenatal ultrasound procedure fetal ultrasonography A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from certain behaviors in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms. 2020-01-29T17:35:05Z behavior avoidance for therapeutic purposes cognitive and behavioral intervention avoidance A direct assessment of a patient's condition by a clinical health professional that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2020-03-04T17:09:05Z NCIT:C25305 clinical examination medical examination examination by physician examination by clinical professional A direct assessment of a patient's condition by a clinical health professional that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. PMID:19567008 A systemic evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. 2020-03-04T17:45:04Z physical examination A systemic evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. NCIT:C20989 A test or diagnostic examination to assess the health status of the mother and well being of the fetus. 2021-02-11T22:00:54Z NCIT:C92714 antenatal examination prenatal examination Testing of fetal DNA during pregnancy to determine if the fetus has chromosomal aberrations, fetal aneuploidy, or other detectable genetic disorders. 2020-03-17T18:55:32Z fetal genetic testing foetal genetic screening prenatal genetic screening prenatal genetic testing A genetic test to whether a healthy person harbors a recessive mutation in one of their copies of a gene or genes. 2020-03-17T20:04:20Z carrier screening genetic carrier screening A test that analyzes small fragments of DNA that are circulating in a pregnant woman’s blood to determine the risk that the fetus will be born with genetic abnormalities. 2020-03-17T20:22:26Z NIPT cell free fetal DNA testing noninvasive prenatal screening noninvasive prenatal testing NIPT obsolete prenatal molecular genetic testing true A diverse set of techniques used to identify the molecular basis of genetic disease. Examples of molecular genetic tests include: genotyping to detect specific pathogenic variants; sequencing of a gene to detect pathogenic variants; amplification or hybridization methods (e.g., qPCR, array CGH, MLPA) to detect copy number variants involving one or more genes; methylation-specific techniques to detect epigenetic changes that influence gene expression; and exome and genome sequencing. 2020-03-18T19:19:07Z molecular genetic testing A prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus by a needle inserted into the abdomen. This procedure is used to detect various genetic abnormalities in the fetus and/or the sex of the fetus. 2020-03-19T19:24:04Z NCIT:C52009 amniocentisis A prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus by a needle inserted into the abdomen. This procedure is used to detect various genetic abnormalities in the fetus and/or the sex of the fetus. NCIT:C52009 Procedure using suction, usually with a thin needle and syringe, to remove bodily fluid or tissue. 2020-03-19T19:39:48Z surgical aspiration procedure Procedure using suction, usually with a thin needle and syringe, to remove bodily fluid or tissue. NCIT:C15631 A prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta for testing. The sample can be taken through the cervix (transcervical) or the abdominal wall (transabdominal). Mayo Clinic http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-06-23T20:39:14Z 2020-03-19T19:51:26Z NCIT:C92755 CVS chorionic villus biopsy The biopsy of placental tissue containing the chorionic villi from the maternal uterus in early pregnancy to diagnose fetal genetic defects. chorionic villus sampling CVS The biopsy of placental tissue containing the chorionic villi from the maternal uterus in early pregnancy to diagnose fetal genetic defects. NCIT:C92755 A procedure conducted during pregnancy for the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus, Prevotella and anaerobic bacteria. 2020-03-19T20:17:55Z NCIT:C92740 BV testing bacterial vaginosis screening BV testing A test for the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervico-vaginal area that is used to predict preterm birth. 2020-03-19T20:22:14Z NCIT:C92786 FBNCTFT fFN testing fetal fibronectin assessment fetal fibronectin testing A test for the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervico-vaginal area that is used to predict preterm birth. NCIT:C92786 FBNCTFT fFN testing Screening with a swab from the vaginal and rectal areas in late pregnancy to test for the presence of Group B streptococcal infection. 2020-03-19T20:47:28Z NCIT:C92805 GBS beta-hemolytic strep culture screening broup B Beta-hemolytic streptococcus screening group B strep screening prenatal group B streptococcus screening Screening with a swab from the vaginal and rectal areas in late pregnancy to test for the presence of Group B streptococcal infection. NCIT:C92805 GBS An ultrasonic examination of the fetus in the late first trimester to measure the clear space at the back of the fetal neck to assess risk of genetic or cardiac abnormalities. 2020-03-19T21:03:16Z NCIT:C92837 NT testing nuchal translucency ultrasound screening ultrasonographic nuchal translucency exam nuchal translucency screening An ultrasonic examination of the fetus in the late first trimester to measure the clear space at the back of the fetal neck to assess risk of genetic or cardiac abnormalities. NCIT:C92837 NT testing A screening measurement in which the maternal blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotrophin and Inhibin A are calculated. These are then evaluated in relation to the mother's age, weight and fetal gestational age. 2020-03-19T21:11:02Z NCIT:C92865 quad screen quadruple marker testing quad test assessment A screening measurement in which the maternal blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotrophin and Inhibin A are calculated. These are then evaluated in relation to the mother's age, weight and fetal gestational age. NCIT:C92865 A determination of the number of eosinophil in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C64550 EOS cell count eosinophil count test eosinophil count EOS cell count A determination of the number of granulocyte in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C96654 granulocyte count test polymorphonuclear leukocyte count granulocyte count A determination of the number of basophil in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C64470 basophil cell count basophil count test total basophil count basophil count A determination of the number of lymphocyte in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C51949 lymphocyte count test lymphocyte count A procedure by which biological material is obtained from a subject for testing, diagnostic, treatment, or research purposes. 2020-03-27T15:53:08Z NCIT:C70700 clinical specimen collection clinical biospecimen collection obsolete swab-based biospecimen collection true Measuring a person's own body temperature usually at home using any of a number of types of thermometers. 2020-03-29T18:25:39Z self-reported temperature measurement at home temperature measurement self-reported fever measurement self body temperature measurement A characteristic that can be objectively measured and serves as an indicator for the inflammatory response. It could be used to indicate the normal inflammatory processes, pathogenic processes, state of health or disease, the risk for disease development and/or prognosis, or responsiveness to a particular therapeutic intervention. 2020-03-29T18:32:41Z inflammatory biomarker measurement inflammatory biomarker assessment Assay based assessment of a serum sample for detection and concentration (mg/L) C-reactive protein. 2020-03-29T18:33:44Z CRP measurement C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement is a measurement of the level of C-reactive protein in the blood. Levels are known to rise in response to inflammation, CRP is therefore used as a clinical measure of inflammation. The measurement is used in the process of clinical diagnosis as high levels of CRP are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension and in some cancers. C-reactive protein biomarker assessment Assay based assessment of a serum sample for detection and concentration (mg/L) C-reactive protein. PMID:11238291 CRP measurement C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement is a measurement of the level of C-reactive protein in the blood. Levels are known to rise in response to inflammation, CRP is therefore used as a clinical measure of inflammation. The measurement is used in the process of clinical diagnosis as high levels of CRP are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension and in some cancers. EFO:0004458 Detection of circultating interleukin-6, which stimulates the inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many diseases. 2020-03-29T18:44:31Z IL-6 level assessment IL-6 measurement A quantification of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. interleukin-6 biomarker measurement IL-6 level assessment IL-6 measurement A quantification of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. EFO:0004810 A chemokine that can be objectively measured and serves as an indicator for the inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T15:51:58Z cytokine biomarker measurement Cytokines are small, nonstructural proteins, including interleukins, chemokines, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors, which have a multitude of pleiotropic effects in various organs [1]. They are released in a number of paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine pathways and have been implicated in a variety of infections and immune system-affecting disorders by both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Macrophages and T lymphocytes (T-cells) are the primary producers of cytokines which may have predominantly pro-inflammatory (inflammation-promoting)(IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, Il-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) or anti-inflammatory (inflammation-suppressive)(IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-beta) abilities. cytokine biomarker assessment Cytokines are small, nonstructural proteins, including interleukins, chemokines, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors, which have a multitude of pleiotropic effects in various organs [1]. They are released in a number of paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine pathways and have been implicated in a variety of infections and immune system-affecting disorders by both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. PMID:28487810 Macrophages and T lymphocytes (T-cells) are the primary producers of cytokines which may have predominantly pro-inflammatory (inflammation-promoting)(IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, Il-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) or anti-inflammatory (inflammation-suppressive)(IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-beta) abilities. PMID:24962838 Detection of interleukin-1 beta levels, an IL-1 cytokine family protein, secreted by macrophages and a mediator of inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:03:54Z IL-1 beta assessment interleukin-1 beta biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-1 alpha, a mediator of the inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:05:46Z IL-1 alpha assessment IL-1 alpha testing interleukin-1 alpha biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-2, a mediator of inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:08:32Z IL-2 level assessment IL-2 testing interleukin-2 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-8 levels, a mediator of inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:09:36Z IL-8 level assessment IL-8 testing interleukin-8 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-12 levels, an inflammatory cytokine. 2020-03-30T16:24:01Z IL-12 assessment IL-12 level testing interleukin-12 biomarker measurement Detection of TNF-alpha levels, a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation. 2020-03-30T16:28:04Z TNF-alpha assessment TNF-alpha level testing tumor necrosis factor-alpha biomarker measurement Detection of interferon-gamma, a cytokine that indicates an inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:31:18Z INF-gamma assessment INF-gamma levels testing interferon-gamma biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-4, a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T18:59:24Z IL-4 measurement IL-4 testing IL4 assessment interleukin-4 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-5, a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T19:04:15Z IL-5 measurement IL-5 testing IL5 assessment interleukin-5 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-10, a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T19:05:58Z IL-10 measurement IL-10 testing IL10 assessment Interleukin-10 biomarker measurement Detection of tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T19:07:19Z TNF-beta measurement TNF-beta testing TNFbeta assessment tumor necrosis factor-beta biomarker measurement Detection of serum levels of amyloid A (SAA) in response to inflammation. 2020-03-30T19:37:28Z SAA biomarker measurement serum amyloid A biomarker assessment A clinical laboratory procedure designed for the quantification of an organic or inorganic chemical within a biological specimen required for diagnostics or monitoring of treatments. 2020-03-30T19:49:21Z NCIT:C49237 clincal chemistry test clinical chemistry measurement testing clinical chemistry testing clinical chemistry assessment A quantitative measurement for assessing the amount of glucose present in a blood sample. 2020-03-30T19:58:59Z NCIT:C92744 blood glucose measurement blood glucose testing blood surgar testing blood glucose assessment A quantitative measurement for assessing the amount of glucose present in a blood sample. NCIT:C92744 Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus. 2020-03-30T20:02:19Z NCIT:C41376 plasma glucose measurement Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus. The disordered carbohydrate metabolism that underlies diabetes manifests as hyperglycemia. Plasma glucose concentrations in healthy individuals vary with age. Normal fasting plasma glucose intervals (in the morning after an overnight fast) in children are 3.3 - 5.6 mmol/L (60-100 mg/dL); adult range - 4.1- 5.9 mmol/L (74-106 mg/dL). GPCs are approximately 11% higher than whole blood if the hematocrit is normal. Glucose concentrations in heparinized plasma are reported to be 5% lower than in serum. plasma glucose assessment Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus. The disordered carbohydrate metabolism that underlies diabetes manifests as hyperglycemia. Plasma glucose concentrations in healthy individuals vary with age. Normal fasting plasma glucose intervals (in the morning after an overnight fast) in children are 3.3 - 5.6 mmol/L (60-100 mg/dL); adult range - 4.1- 5.9 mmol/L (74-106 mg/dL). GPCs are approximately 11% higher than whole blood if the hematocrit is normal. Glucose concentrations in heparinized plasma are reported to be 5% lower than in serum. NCIT:C41376 A quantitative measurement of the amount of glucose present in a sample of blood, obtained from a source that has abstained from nutrition, typically at least 8 hours prior to the sample collection time. 2020-03-30T20:05:54Z NCIT:C80400 FBS measurement fasting blood glucose measurement fasting blood sugar measurement testing fasting blood glucose assessment A quantitative measurement of the amount of glucose present in a sample of blood, obtained from a source that has abstained from nutrition, typically at least 8 hours prior to the sample collection time. NCIT:C80400 A technique to collect sputum by inhaling hypertonic saline through an oxygen mask in order to induce sputum. 2020-03-30T20:17:26Z induced sputum collection A technique to collect sputum by inhaling hypertonic saline through an oxygen mask in order to induce sputum. PMID:32171389 A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. 2020-03-30T20:32:28Z NCIT:C17204 CAT scan CT CT scan computerized axial tomography computed tomography procedure A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. NCIT:C17204 Use of a drug that lower the level of glucose in the blood. 2020-03-31T00:42:37Z CHEBI:35526 hypoglycaemic drug therapy treatment with hypoglycemic agent treatment with hypoglycemic drug treatment with hypoglycemic medication hypoglycemic drug therapy Treatment of retroviral infections with medications that target the virus directly, limiting the ability of infected cells to produce new virus particles. 2020-03-31T00:49:23Z NCIT:C94631 ART anti-retroviral therapy treatment with an anti-retroviral medication treatment with an antiretroviral drug treatment with an antiretroviral medication antiretroviral therapy Treatment of retroviral infections with medications that target the virus directly, limiting the ability of infected cells to produce new virus particles. NCIT:C94631 The process of gathering information regarding a person's medical history. 2020-03-31T00:59:49Z patient assessment NCIT:C146918 medical history collection medical history taking The process of gathering information regarding a person's medical history. NCIT:C146918 Determination if a patient's background or demographic characteristics makes the patient susceptible to disease. 2020-03-31T01:03:49Z patient demographic characteristics assessment Determination if patient's travel history may impact current health. 2020-03-31T01:05:10Z patient travel risk assessment A questionnaire designed to determine if patient's travel history may impact current health. 2020-03-31T01:05:32Z patient travel risk questionnaire Determination if the patient may have been exposed to something which would impact the health of the patient. 2020-03-31T01:11:38Z patient environmental exposure assessment A test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. It may also be used to determine the pH of the blood. 2020-03-31T19:11:20Z NCIT:C71252 blood gas measurement testing blood gas test arterial blood gas measurement pH and blood gas measurements are used to detect and monitor ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base disturbances. blood gas assessment pH and blood gas measurements are used to detect and monitor ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base disturbances. PMID:33371 The determination of the unmeasured anions (those other than the chloride and bicarbonate anions) present in a sample. 2020-03-31T19:16:41Z NCIT:C74685 anion gap measurement testing anion gap assessment The determination of the unmeasured anions (those other than the chloride and bicarbonate anions) present in a sample. NCIT:C74685 A quantitative measurement of the amount of calcium present in a sample, usually serum or urine. 2020-03-31T19:19:43Z NCIT:C64488 calcium measurement calcium assessment A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in urine or serum. 2020-03-31T19:32:42Z NCIT:C74946 electrolyte measurement electrolyte assessment A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in serum. 2020-03-31T19:33:45Z electrolytes- serum testing serum electrolyte measurement serum electrolyte assessment A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in urine. 2020-03-31T19:34:22Z electrolytes- urine testing urine eletrolyte measurement urine eletrolyte assessment Any laboratory procedure for growing microorganisms. 2020-03-31T20:08:52Z NCIT:C25300 microbial culture procedure Any laboratory procedure for growing microorganisms. NCIT:C25300 A type of mechanical ventilation using endotracheal intubation. 2020-03-31T20:23:41Z invasive ventilation A time-triggered, pressure-limited, inverse-ratio mode of ventilation that provides continuous distending airway pressure with intermittent release phases 2020-04-01T20:00:59Z APRV airway pressure release ventilation A time-triggered, pressure-limited, inverse-ratio mode of ventilation that provides continuous distending airway pressure with intermittent release phases PMID:29641221 APRV A technique that detects a particular nucleic acid sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids. 2020-04-02T20:59:07Z NAT clinical nucleic acid testing nucleic acid testing pathogen nucleic acid testing clinical nucleic acid testing for pathogens NAT A tecnique that uses an amplification of nucleic acids to detect a pathogen. Some amplification methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strand displacement assay (SDA), or transcription mediated assay (TMA) to detect a virus, bacteria or other pathogen. 2020-04-02T21:17:28Z NCIT:C20055 NAAT nucleic acid amplification procedure Any of various amplification and detection strategies applied to detection of virus contamination in donor blood. Specifically designed to detect recently infected individuals during the latency period before seroconversion. nucleic acid amplification testing NAAT Any of various amplification and detection strategies applied to detection of virus contamination in donor blood. Specifically designed to detect recently infected individuals during the latency period before seroconversion. NCIT:C20055 A type of nucleic acid amplification test in which sample DNA is exposed to a single temperature in the presence of multiple sets of primers and a polymerase with replication and high strand displacement activity. This test negates the need for thermal cyclers and may be a low cost alternative to PCR. 2020-04-02T21:43:07Z NCIT:C102661 loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure loop-mediated isothermal amplification testing A type of nucleic acid amplification test in which sample DNA is exposed to a single temperature in the presence of multiple sets of primers and a polymerase with replication and high strand displacement activity. This test negates the need for thermal cyclers and may be a low cost alternative to PCR. NCIT:C102661 A technique that detects a particular DNA sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids. 2020-04-03T00:29:00Z DNA detection examination DNA detection procedure DNA detection testing DNA detection kit testing clinical DNA detection testing A technique that detects a particular RNA sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids. 2020-04-03T00:30:09Z RNA detection examination RNA detection procedure RNA detection testing RNA detection kit testing clinical RNA detection testing A clinical assay that amplifies and quantifies a specific DNA molecule based on in tissue, blood, sputum, urine, or any other bodily fluid to detect the presence of a pathogen. It enables both detection and quantification of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample. 2020-04-03T00:38:02Z NCIT:C51962 OBI:0000893 clinical qPCR testing clinical real-time RT-PCR procedure real-time PCR procedure for clinical use clinical real-time PCR testing A method to measure very small amounts of RNA transcripts as cDNA targets from tissue, blood, sputum or other body fluids. 2020-04-03T00:47:00Z NCIT:C28408 OBI:0000911 clinical quantitative RT-PCR procedure clinical quantitative RT-PCR testing clinical quantitative reverse transcription PCR procedure clinical quantitative reverse transcription PCR testing A procedure producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by x-ray radiation that has penetrated and passed through a structure in order to diagnose or treat a patient. 2020-04-07T15:49:43Z NCIT:C38101 NCIT:C60727 X-ray imaging procedure radiogram imaging procedure radiographic imaging procedure radiographic procedure radiography radiography imaging procedure radiograph imaging procedure The process of taking a thorough history and physical exam to determine if a patient has been exposed to an infectious disease. Close attention is paid to travel history, environmental exposures, and vaccination history. 2020-04-07T18:27:36Z infectious disease testing infectious disease screening The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration by means of a mask. 2020-04-07T19:00:52Z oxygen support therapy with mask supplemental oxygen therapy with mask The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration by means of a nasal cannula. 2020-04-07T19:01:10Z oxygen support therapy with nasal cannula supplemental oxygen therapy with nasal cannula Therapy using a substance used in the treatment of hypotension. A vasopressor agent increases reduced blood pressure. 2020-04-07T19:23:15Z CHEBI:137431 NCIT:C126567 antihypotensive agent drug therapy treatment with antihypotensive agent treatment with antihypotensive drug treatment with antihypotensive medication treatment with vasopressor agent treatment with vasopressor medication vasopressor support therapy vasopressor agent therapy Treatments that substitute for the blood-filtering function of the kidneys. 2020-04-07T19:42:23Z MeSH:D017582 NCIT:C126400 RRT kidney replacement therapy It includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration. Kidney transplant may also be considered a renal replacement therapy. renal replacement therapy RRT A procedure to remove toxic substances from the blood that is used in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease or acute kidney failure. This includes hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. 2020-04-07T19:57:22Z NCIT:C15221 dialysis renal dialysis A therapeutic procedure used in patients with kidney failure. It involves the extracorporeal removal of harmful wastes and fluids from the blood using a dialysis machine. Following the dialysis, the blood is returned to the body. 2020-04-07T20:03:50Z NCIT:C15248 hemodialysis A therapeutic procedure used in patients with kidney failure. It involves the extracorporeal removal of harmful wastes and fluids from the blood using a dialysis machine. Following the dialysis, the blood is returned to the body. NCIT:C15248 A form of dialysis that uses the peritoneum as a membrane across which the infused diasylate exchanges nutrients for waste products that are removed when the fluid is exchanged. 2020-04-07T20:04:03Z NCIT:C15297 peritoneal dialysis A form of dialysis that uses the peritoneum as a membrane across which the infused diasylate exchanges nutrients for waste products that are removed when the fluid is exchanged. NCIT:C15297 A laboratory procedure that tests the function of an endocrine organ and measures the amount of a hormone present in a sample. 2020-04-07T20:40:24Z NCIT:C74971 endocrine testing A laboratory procedure that tests the function of an endocrine organ and measures the amount of a hormone present in a sample. NCIT:C74971 The determination of the amount of protein present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:51:38Z NCIT:C64430 protein assessment protein test protein measurement The determination of the amount of procalcitonin (human) present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T21:30:45Z 2020-04-07T21:30:45Z NCIT:C103430 procalcitonin (human) assessment procalcitonin (human) test procalcitonin level measurement procalcitonin level testing procalcitonin testing A substance produced in response to bacterial infections and tissue injury. procalcitonin assessment The determination of the amount of D-dimer (human) present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T21:37:45Z NCIT:C82621 D dimer level testing D-dimer (human) assessment D-dimer (human) test D-dimer measurement fibrin degradation fragment testing fragment D-dimer testing A quantification of a fibrin degradation product in blood used in the diagnosis of thrombosis. D-dimer assessment A quantitative measurement of the amount of phosphate present in a sample of serum. 2020-04-07T21:53:04Z NCIT:C61028 serum phosphate measurement serum phosphorus measurement serum phosphate assessment A quantitative measurement of the amount of phosphate present in a sample of serum. NCIT:C61028 Testing blood serum for the presence of specifc antibody or antibodies to a specific antigen. Often used when an infection is suspected. 2020-04-08T14:34:24Z serology assay serology testing A highly sensitive technique for detecting and measuring antigens or antibodies in a solution; the solution is run over a surface to which immobilized antibodies specific to the substance have been attached, and if the substance is present, it will bind to the antibody layer, and its presence is verified and visualized with an application of antibodies that have been tagged in some way. (BioTech Life Science Dictionary) 2020-04-08T14:51:34Z NCIT:C16553 OBI:0000661 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay testing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay clinical ELISA testing A highly sensitive technique for detecting and measuring antigens or antibodies in a solution; the solution is run over a surface to which immobilized antibodies specific to the substance have been attached, and if the substance is present, it will bind to the antibody layer, and its presence is verified and visualized with an application of antibodies that have been tagged in some way. (BioTech Life Science Dictionary) NCIT:C16553 A type of lateral flow assay that qualitatively detect IgG and IgM antibodies of an infectious disease within human serum, plasma or whole blood in vitro. 2020-04-08T15:03:41Z rapid IgM-IgG testing rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody testing A procedure using a paper-based platform for the detection and quantification of analytes in complex mixtures, where the sample is placed on a test device for clinical use. 2020-04-08T15:06:47Z LFA testing lateral flow immuno assay lateral flow immunoassay clinical lateral flow assay testing A procedure using a paper-based platform for the detection and quantification of analytes in complex mixtures, where the sample is placed on a test device for clinical use. PMID:27365041 LFA testing Any of several immunoassay methods that use an enzyme covalently linked to an antigen or antibody as a label and are typically used for diagnostics or disease progression. 2020-04-08T15:17:14Z NCIT:C17455 clinical immunoassay Immunofluorescence staining used in a pathology or clinical lab to diagnose diseases of the skin, kidney, heart, cilia and other organ systems. 2020-04-08T15:46:23Z clinical immunofluorescence assay testing A technique for analyzing or identifying proteins immobilized on a filter by complementary reaction with specific antibodies. 2020-04-08T15:46:38Z NCIT:C17638 OBI:0001978 clinical Western blot assay clinical immunoblot assay testing A technique for analyzing or identifying proteins immobilized on a filter by complementary reaction with specific antibodies. NCIT:C17638 The measurement of the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin in the blood. 2020-04-08T18:45:55Z NCIT:C60832 oxygen saturation measurement The measurement of the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin in the blood. NCIT:C60832 A non-invasive method that provides estimates of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation by utilizing selected wavelengths of light to determine the saturation of oxyhemoglobin. 2020-04-08T18:54:34Z NCIT:C38085 pulse ox measurement pulse oximetry A non-invasive method that provides estimates of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation by utilizing selected wavelengths of light to determine the saturation of oxyhemoglobin. NCIT:C38085 A therapy of replenishing bodily fluids lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathological processes, such as sepsis. 2020-04-08T19:29:53Z fluid resuscitation therapy fluid replacement therapy Prone positioning improves ventilation-perfusion matching (transferring delivered oxygen into the bloodstream more efficiently) and keeps alveolar units open and evenly distributed at end-expiration (improving gas exchange and preventing ventilator-induced lung injury). 2020-04-08T19:45:40Z ventilation with proning Prone positioning improves ventilation-perfusion matching (transferring delivered oxygen into the bloodstream more efficiently) and keeps alveolar units open and evenly distributed at end-expiration (improving gas exchange and preventing ventilator-induced lung injury). A procedure of surgical placement of a catheter, which lumen is usually occupied by a trocar, into the central vein (internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral often used) or veins, to provide vascular access for measurement of hemodynamic variables that cannot be measured accurately by noninvasive means. It also can be used to deliver medications that were too potent or too toxic to be administered through peripheral access, for parenteral nutrition delivery; and for placing wires and pulmonary artery catheters. Central veins are usually cannulated percutaneously. The procedure is associated with many adverse events and has to be performed or supervised by an experienced physician. 2020-04-08T20:12:41Z NCIT:C40972 central line insertion central line placement central venous access catheter insertion central venous line insertion cvc insertion central venous cannula insertion A procedure of surgical placement of a catheter, which lumen is usually occupied by a trocar, into the central vein (internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral often used) or veins, to provide vascular access for measurement of hemodynamic variables that cannot be measured accurately by noninvasive means. It also can be used to deliver medications that were too potent or too toxic to be administered through peripheral access, for parenteral nutrition delivery; and for placing wires and pulmonary artery catheters. Central veins are usually cannulated percutaneously. The procedure is associated with many adverse events and has to be performed or supervised by an experienced physician. NCIT:C40972 A thin catheter inserted into an artery to monitor blood pressure directly and obtain blood samples. 2020-04-08T20:20:40Z a-line insertion art-line placement arterial line placement arterial catheter line insertion Allows delivery of positive-pressure ventilation with a tight-fitting nasal or facial mask that is attached to a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) machine. 2020-04-27T20:57:00Z NIPPV non-invasive positive pressure ventilation noninvasive positve-pressure ventilation NIPPV Nutrition intervention for nutrition counseling is a supportive process, characterized by a collaborative counselor–patient/client relationship to establish food, nutrition and physical activity priorities, goals, and individualized action plans that acknowledge and foster responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health. 2020-04-28T16:03:29Z dietary counseling nutritional counseling nutrition counseling Nutrition intervention for nutrition counseling is a supportive process, characterized by a collaborative counselor–patient/client relationship to establish food, nutrition and physical activity priorities, goals, and individualized action plans that acknowledge and foster responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health. Reference: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutrition Terminology Reference Manual (eNCPT): Dietetics Language for Nutrition Care 2014, Nutrition Intervention/Terms and Definitions/Nutrition Counseling (C), page-064, http://ncpt.webauthor.com An in-depth evaluation of an individual's food and nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history designed to help the individual either maintain their health status or attain a healthier status. 2020-04-28T16:12:44Z NCIT:C15286 dietary assessment nutritional assessment nutrition assessment An in-depth evaluation of an individual's food and nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history designed to help the individual either maintain their health status or attain a healthier status. NCIT:C15286 A therapy utilizing an inhaled substance that produces loss of consciousness. 2020-05-26T16:13:05Z anesthetic gas therapy gas anesthetic drug therapy inhalation anaesthetic drug therapy inhalation anaesthetic medication therapy inhalation anesthesia treatment inhalation anesthetic drug therapy inhalation anesthetic medication therapy inhalation anesthetic treatment inhalation anesthetic utilization treatment with inhalation anaesthetic inhalation anesthetic therapy A therapy utilizing an intravenous substance that produces loss of consciousness. 2020-05-26T18:19:32Z IV anaesthetic agent therapy IV anesthetic agent therapy i.v. anesthetic agent therapy i.v. anesthetic drug therapy i.v. anesthetic drug treatment i.v. anesthetic medication therapy intravenous anaesthetic agent therapy intravenous anesthesia treatment intravenous anesthetic drug therapy intravenous anesthetic medication therapy treatment with intravenous anaesthetic intravenous anesthetic therapy Treatment with an agent that causes a superficial loss of sensation in conjunctiva, mucous membranes, or skin, produced by direct application of local anesthetic solutions, ointments, gels or sprays. 2020-05-26T18:25:03Z topical anaesthetic agent therapy topical anaesthetic drug treatment topical anesthesia treatment topical anesthetic drug therapy topical anesthetic medication treatment treatment with topical anaesthetic topical anesthetic therapy Treatment with an agent that causes a superficial loss of sensation in conjunctiva, mucous membranes, or skin, produced by direct application of local anesthetic solutions, ointments, gels or sprays. PMID:26702198 Use of an agent that modulates the physiologic angiogenesis process. 2020-05-26T19:04:03Z CHEBI:50926 angiogenesis modulating drug treatment angiogenesis modulating medication therapy treatment with angiogenesis modulating agent angiogenesis modulating agent therapy obsolete angiogenesis inducing agent therapy true Use of a compound that promotes the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. 2020-05-26T19:22:45Z CHEBI:72571 pro-angiogenic drug treatment pro-angiogenic medication therapy pro-angiogenic medication treatment proangiogenic agent therapy treatment with pro-angiogenic agent pro-angiogenic agent therapy A therapy used to neutralize stomach acidity. 2020-05-26T19:41:56Z CHEBI:65265 antacid drug therapy antacid medication therapy treatment with antacid antacid agent therapy A therapy used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. 2020-05-26T20:00:43Z CHEBI:49201 anti-ulcer medication treatment treatment with anti-ulcer agent treatment with anti-ulcer drug treatment with anti-ulcer medication anti-ulcer agent therapy Treatment of allergic reactions with medications. 2020-05-26T20:23:47Z CHEBI:50857 allergy drug therapy allergy drug treatment allergy medication therapy anti-allergic drug therapy anti-allergic drug treatment anti-allergic medication therapy anti-allergic medication treatment treatment with allergy medication treatment with an allergy drug treatment with anti-allergic agent allergy agent therapy Usage of a drug to treat asthma. 2020-05-26T20:37:22Z CHEBI:49167 anti-asthma drug therapy anti-asthma drug treatment asthma medication therapy drug treatment of asthma treatment with anti-asthmatic drug anti-asthmatic agent therapy Treatment with a drug which acts to reduce estrogenic activity in the body, either by reducing the amount of estrogen or by reducing the activity of whatever estrogen is present. 2020-05-26T21:17:28Z CHEBI:50751 anti-estrogen drug therapy anti-estrogen medication treatment anti-oestrogen agent therapy treatment with anti-estrogen agent treatment with anti-estrogen drug treatment with anti-estrogen medication treatment with anti-oestrogen medication treatment with antiestrogen medication treatment with antioestrogen medication treatment with estrogen antagonist anti-estrogen agent therapy Use of a compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia. 2020-05-27T14:13:29Z CHEBI:66956 anti-dyskinesia agent therapy anti-dyskinesia medication therapy anti-dyskinetic drug therapy anti-dyskinetic medication therapy antidyskinesia drug therapy antidyskinetic drug therapy antidyskinetic medication therapy treatment with an anti-dyskinesia drug treatment with an antidyskinetic drug treatment with anti-dyskinesia medication treatment with anti-dyskinetic drug treatment with anti-dyskinetic medication treatment with antidyskinesia agent treatment with antidyskinesia drug treatment with antidyskinesia medication treatment with antidyskinetic medication antidyskinesia agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus. 2020-05-28T13:49:36Z CHEBI:64952 Treatment of HSV with drug Treatment of HSV with medication Treatment of herpes simplex virus with medication Treatment with anti-HSV drug Treatment with anti-HSV medication Treatment with anti-herpes simplex virus drug Treatment with anti-herpes simplex virus medication anti-HSV drug therapy anti-HSV drug treatment anti-HSV medication therapy anti-herpes simplex virus agent therapy anti-herpes simplex virus drug therapy anti-herpes simplex virus drug treatment anti-herpes simplex virus medication therapy treatment with anti-HSV agent anti-HSV agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus-1. 2020-05-28T14:07:27Z CHEBI:64953 anti-herpes simplex virus 1 drug therapy anti-herpes simplex virus 1 medication treatment treatment for HSV-1 with medication treatment with anti-HSV-1 agent treatment with anti-HSV-1 drug treatment with anti-HSV-1 medication anti-HSV-1 agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus-2. 2020-05-28T14:07:27Z 2020-05-28T14:20:29Z CHEBI:64954 anti-herpes simplex virus 2 drug therapy anti-herpes simplex virus 2 medication treatment treatment for HSV-2 with medication treatment with anti-HSV-2 agent treatment with anti-HSV-2 drug treatment with anti-HSV-2 medication anti-HSV-2 agent therapy Use of a natural or synthetic analog of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland as a type of anti-inflammatory treatment. 2020-05-28T15:10:35Z CHEBI:50858 corticosteroid treatment treatment with corticosteroid agent treatment with corticosteroid drug treatment with corticosteroid medication treatment with corticosteroid therapy corticosteroid injection treatment oral corticosteroid drug treatment corticosteroid agent therapy Treatment to induce vomiting and nausea usually administered in emergency situations after ingestion of a toxin. 2020-05-28T18:31:36Z CHEBI:149552 emetic drug therapy emetic medication therapy treatment with an emetic drug treatment with an emetic medication treatment with an emetic therapy treatment with emetic emetic therapy Treatment with a drug to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis and its symptoms. 2020-05-28T18:46:29Z CHEBI:35842 anti-rheumatic agent therapy anti-rheumatic drug therapy anti-rheumatic medication therapy antirheumatic drug treatment antirheumatic medication therapy treatment with anti-rheumatic agent treatment with anti-rheumatic drug treatment with anti-rheumatic medication treatment with antirheumatic agent treatment with antirheumatic drug treatment with antirheumatic medication antirheumatic agent therapy Treatment with an agent that modifies a particular molecular pathway. 2020-05-28T19:11:27Z CHEBI:52206 treatment with biochemical role molecular pathway modifying agent therapy Use of an inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid 2020-05-28T19:16:31Z AChE inhibitor drug treatment AChE inhibitor medication treatment acetylcholinesterase inhibitor agent therapy acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drug therapy treatment with EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be given by mouth, injection, or infusion, or on the skin, depending on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. It may be given alone or with other treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy. 2020-05-29T20:29:34Z anti-neoplastic chemotherapy antineoplastic chemotherapy NCRO:0000233 cancer chemotherapeutic agent treatment cytotoxic antineoplastic agent therapy cytotoxic antineoplastic medication therapy cytotoxic cancer treatment treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic agent treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic drug treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic medication Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. cancer chemotherapy Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be given by mouth, injection, or infusion, or on the skin, depending on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. It may be given alone or with other treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy. Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. NCIT:C15632 The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. 2020-06-02T13:10:41Z NCIT:C15632 OGMS:0000113 chemotherapeutic agent treatment chemotherapeutic drug treatment treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent treatment with a chemotherapeutic drug treatment with a chemotherapeutic medication Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. chemotherapy The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. NCIT:C15632 Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. NCIT:C15632 A therapy using a compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. 2020-06-02T18:44:24Z CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor drug treatment enzyme inhibitor medication treatment treatment with enzyme inhibitor treatment with enzyme inhibitor agent treatment with enzyme inhibitor drug treatment with enzyme inhibitor medication treatment with enzyme inhibitor therapy enzyme inhibitor agent therapy Use of a drug which increases blood glucose level. 2020-06-02T20:39:40Z CHEBI:76916 treatment with hyperglycemic agent treatment with hyperglycemic drug treatment with hyperglycemic medication hyperglycemic agent therapy Treatment with a cardiovascular drug that prevents atherogenesis, the accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layers of the arteries. 2020-06-03T14:37:54Z CHEBI:50855 anti-atherogenic agent therapy treatment with anti-atherogenic agent treatment with anti-atherogenic drug treatment with anti-atherogenic medication treatment with anti-atherogenic therapy treatment with antiatherogenic agent treatment with antiatherogenic drug treatment with antiatherogenic medication antiatherogenic drug therapy Treatment with a cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis, a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build-up of plaque. 2020-06-03T14:51:06Z CHEBI:145947 anti-atherosclerotic agent therapy treatment with anti-atherosclerosis drug treatment with anti-atherosclerosis medication treatment with anti-atherosclerosis therapy treatment with anti-atherosclerotic agent treatment with anti-atherosclerotic drug treatment with anti-atherosclerotic medication treatment with antiatherosclerotic agent treatment with antiatherosclerotic drug treatment with antiatherosclerotic medication antiatherosclerotic drug therapy Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in a reduction in angiotensin II and angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, causing vasodilation and natriuresis. 2020-06-04T17:31:19Z CHEBI:147289 NCIT:C247 Treatment with ACE inhibitor Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy ACE inhibitor therapy Treatment with a class of agents that act by selectively inhibiting angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 2020-06-04T17:31:52Z CHEBI:61016 NCIT:C66930 ARB therapy treatment with ARB treatment with angiotensin II receptor antagonist treatment with angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment with angiotensin receptor antagonist A pharmaceutical agent that selectively inhibits angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. It is primarily used for the reduction of proteinuria and the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists bind to and block the activation of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, thereby reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. Although this class of agents is also used in diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure, it is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. angiotensin receptor blocker therapy A pharmaceutical agent that selectively inhibits angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. It is primarily used for the reduction of proteinuria and the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. NCIT:C66930 Angiotensin II receptor antagonists bind to and block the activation of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, thereby reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. Although this class of agents is also used in diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure, it is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. NCIT:C66930 Treatment with a group of pharmaceutical drugs used primarily in treatment of essential hypertension. These drugs inhibit the first and rate-limiting step of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, namely the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 2020-06-04T17:32:06Z renin inhibitor therapy Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 2020-06-04T18:03:38Z CHEBI:35457 Treatment with ACE-1 inhibitor Treatment with ACE1 inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor therapy peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitor therapy treatment with EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor treatment with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor ACE1 inhibitor therapy Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 2020-06-04T18:17:34Z Treatment with ACE-2 inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 inhibitor therapy treatment with EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor treatment with hACE2 inhibitor ACE2 inhibitor therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and inhibits metabotropic glutamate receptors. 2020-06-05T20:18:05Z CHEBI:63963 treatment with mGluR antagonist treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor blockade treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor blocker metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist therapy Use of a drug that modulates the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. 2020-06-08T17:47:39Z Treatment with NMDA receptor modulator NMDA receptor modulator agent therapy Treatment with an agent which regulates AMPA recepter signaling. 2020-06-08T17:48:19Z AMPA-targeting agent therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and regulates metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). 2020-06-08T17:48:54Z treatment with mGluR modulator treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator metabotropic glutamate receptor–targeting agent therapy Use of a drug that activates the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. 2020-06-08T18:14:26Z CHEBI:64571 treatment with NMDA receptor agonist NMDA receptor agonist therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and activates AMPA receptors. 2020-06-09T13:52:30Z CHEBI:64102 treatment with AMPA receptor agonist AMPA receptor agonist therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and inhibits AMPA receptors. 2020-06-09T13:52:48Z CHEBI:71014 treatment with AMPA receptor antagonist treatment with AMPA receptor blockade treatment with AMPA receptor blocker AMPA receptor antagonist therapy Treatment with an agent that is used to prevent or inhibit diarrhea. 2020-06-09T15:32:19Z CHEBI:55323 anti-diarrheal agent therapy antidiarrhoeal agent therapy treatment with anti-diarrheal drug treatment with antidiarrheal agent treatment with antidiarrheal medication treatment with antidiarrhoeal drug antidiarrheal agent therapy A procedure where a medical specialtist healthcare provider, who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment. 2020-07-01T18:18:19Z specialty medical professional consultation specialty medical professional evaluation medical specialist evaluation An assessment by an allergist-immunologist who diagnoses and manages disorders involving immune system conditions such as asthma, anaphylaxis, rhinitis and eczema as well as adverse reactions to drugs, foods and insect stings. An allergist-immunologist also manages immune deficiency diseases and problems related to autoimmune disease, organ transplantation or malignancies of the immune system. 2020-07-01T18:29:08Z allergy and immunologist consultation allergy and immunologist doctor consultation allergy and immunologist doctor evaluation allergy and immunologist evaluation allergy and immunology specialist consultation consultation with allergy and immunologist referral to allergist and immunologist allergist consultation allergist doctor consultation allergist doctor evaluation allergist evaluation consultation with allergist evaluation by an immunologist immunologist evaluation allergy and immunology specialist evaluation An assessment by an allergist-immunologist who diagnoses and manages disorders involving immune system conditions such as asthma, anaphylaxis, rhinitis and eczema as well as adverse reactions to drugs, foods and insect stings. An allergist-immunologist also manages immune deficiency diseases and problems related to autoimmune disease, organ transplantation or malignancies of the immune system. ABMS.org An assessment by a physician who provides anesthesia for patients undergoing surgical, obstetric, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures while monitoring the patient's condition and supporting vital organ functions. The anesthesiologist also diagnoses and treats acute, chronic and/or cancer pain as well as provides resuscitation and medical management for patients with critical illnesses and severe injuries. 2020-07-01T18:42:19Z NCIT:C93067 anesthesiologist consultation anesthesiologist evaluation anesthesiology doctor consultation anesthesiology doctor evaluation anesthesiology specialist consultation consultation with anesthesiologist referral to anesthesiologist anesthesiology specialist evaluation An assessment by a physician who provides anesthesia for patients undergoing surgical, obstetric, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures while monitoring the patient's condition and supporting vital organ functions. The anesthesiologist also diagnoses and treats acute, chronic and/or cancer pain as well as provides resuscitation and medical management for patients with critical illnesses and severe injuries. abms.org An evaluation by an anesthesiologist who specializes in Pediatric Anesthesiology. This specialist provides anesthesia for neonates, infants, children and adolescents undergoing surgical, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures as well as appropriate pre- and post-operative care, advanced life support, and acute pain management. 2020-07-01T18:48:51Z consultation with pediatric anesthesiologist pediatric anesthesiologist consultation pediatric anesthesiologist evaluation pediatric anesthesiology specialist consultation pediatric anesthesiology specialist evaluation An assessment by a colon and rectal surgeon who diagnoses and treats various diseases of the small intestine, colon, rectum, anal canal and perianal area including the organs and tissues related with primary intestinal diseases (liver, urinary and female reproductive system). This specialist treats conditions such as hemorrhoids, fissures (painful tears in the anal lining), abscesses and fistulas (infections located around the anus and rectum). A colon and rectal surgeon diagnoses and treats problems of the intestine and colon such as cancer, polyps (precancerous growths) and inflammatory conditions. 2020-07-01T19:08:36Z colon and rectal surgeon consultation colon and rectal surgeon evaluation colon and rectal surgery specialist consultation colorectal surgeon consultation colorectal surgeon evaluation consultation with colon and rectal surgeon consultation with colon and rectal surgery specialist consultation with colorectal surgeon referral to a colon and rectal surgeon referral to colorectal surgeon colon and rectal surgery specialist evaluation An assessment by a colon and rectal surgeon who diagnoses and treats various diseases of the small intestine, colon, rectum, anal canal and perianal area including the organs and tissues related with primary intestinal diseases (liver, urinary and female reproductive system). This specialist treats conditions such as hemorrhoids, fissures (painful tears in the anal lining), abscesses and fistulas (infections located around the anus and rectum). A colon and rectal surgeon diagnoses and treats problems of the intestine and colon such as cancer, polyps (precancerous growths) and inflammatory conditions. abms.org An assessment by a physician with training and expertise in the diagnosis and medical/surgical management of diseases of the skin, hair and nails, and mucous membranes. 2020-07-01T19:12:58Z consultation with a dermatologist dermatologist consultation dermatologist evaluation dermatology specialist consultation referral to a dermatologist dermatology specialist evaluation An assessment by a physician with training and expertise in the diagnosis and medical/surgical management of diseases of the skin, hair and nails, and mucous membranes. abms.org An assessment by a physician who specializes in immediate decision making and action necessary to prevent death or any further disability both in the pre-hospital setting by directing emergency medical technicians and in the emergency department. This specialist provides immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization and disposition of a generally diversified population of adult and pediatric patients in response to acute illness and injury. 2020-07-01T19:23:12Z assessment by emergency medicine specialist emergency medicine specialist assessment emergency room doctor evaluation emergency medicine specialist evaluation An assessment by a physician who specializes in immediate decision making and action necessary to prevent death or any further disability both in the pre-hospital setting by directing emergency medical technicians and in the emergency department. This specialist provides immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization and disposition of a generally diversified population of adult and pediatric patients in response to acute illness and injury. abms.org An assessment by a physician who provides front-line health care that is accessible, high quality, comprehensive and continuous over time for people of all ages, life stages, backgrounds and conditions. The specialists care for individuals and for entire families, from birth through the end of life, including a broad range of preventive care; healthy lifestyle counseling; mental health care; care of acute illnesses; management of chronic diseases, including patients with multi-morbidity. When needed, they also provide referral and coordination of care with other specialists. 2020-07-01T19:39:31Z consultation with family medicine specialist family medicine specialist consultation family medicine specialist evaluation An assessment by a physician who provides front-line health care that is accessible, high quality, comprehensive and continuous over time for people of all ages, life stages, backgrounds and conditions. The specialists care for individuals and for entire families, from birth through the end of life, including a broad range of preventive care; healthy lifestyle counseling; mental health care; care of acute illnesses; management of chronic diseases, including patients with multi-morbidity. When needed, they also provide referral and coordination of care with other specialists. abms.org An assessment by a physician with special knowledge of the aging process and special skills in the diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitative aspects of illness in the elderly. This specialist cares for geriatric patients in the patient’s home, the office, long-term care settings such as nursing homes, and the hospital. 2020-07-01T19:52:16Z assessment by geriatric medicine specialist consultation with geriatric medicine specialist evaluation by geriatric medicine specialist geriatric medicine specialist consultation referral to geriatric medicine specialist geriatric medicine specialist evaluation An assessment by a physician with special knowledge of the aging process and special skills in the diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitative aspects of illness in the elderly. This specialist cares for geriatric patients in the patient’s home, the office, long-term care settings such as nursing homes, and the hospital. abms.org An assessment by a physician who specializes in Hospice and Palliative Medicine who provides care to prevent and relieve the suffering experienced by patients with life-limiting illnesses. This specialist works with an interdisciplinary hospice or palliative care team to optimize quality of life while addressing the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of both patient and family. 2020-07-01T19:53:31Z consultation with hospice and palliative medicine specialist hospice and palliative medicine specialist consultation referral to hospice and palliative medicine specialist assessment by palliative care specialist consultation with palliative care specialist evaluation by palliative care specialist palliative care specialist consultation palliative care specialist evaluation palliative care specialist referral referral to palliative care specialist hospice and palliative medicine specialist evaluation An assessment by a physician who diagnoses and treats patients experiencing problems with acute or chronic pain, or pain related to cancer, in both hospital and outpatient settings and coordinates care needs with other specialists. 2020-07-01T19:56:48Z assessment by pain medicine specialist consultation with pain medicine specialist evaluation by pain medicine specialist pain medicine specialist consultation referral to a pain medicine specialist pain medicine specialist evaluation An assessment by a physician who diagnoses and treats patients experiencing problems with acute or chronic pain, or pain related to cancer, in both hospital and outpatient settings and coordinates care needs with other specialists. abms.org An assesment a specialist focuses on preventing, diagnosing, and treating injuries related to participating in sports and/or exercise. In addition to the study of those fields that focus on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of injuries, Sports Medicine specialists also deal with illnesses and diseases that might have effects on health and physical performance. 2020-07-01T19:59:07Z consultation with sports medicine specialist referral to a sports medicine specialist sports medicine specialist consultation sports medicine specialist evaluation An assesment a specialist focuses on preventing, diagnosing, and treating injuries related to participating in sports and/or exercise. In addition to the study of those fields that focus on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of injuries, Sports Medicine specialists also deal with illnesses and diseases that might have effects on health and physical performance. abms.org An assessment with a specialist who has expertise in the diagnosis and management of clinical conditions that occur during sleep, that disturb sleep, or that are affected by disturbances in the wake-sleep cycle. This specialist is skilled in the analysis and interpretation of comprehensive polysomnography, and well versed in emerging research and management of a sleep laboratory. 2020-07-01T20:01:47Z assessment by sleep medicine specialist assessment by sleep specialist consultation with sleep medicine specialist consultation with sleep specialist evaluation by sleep medicine specialist evaluation by sleep specialist referral to sleep medicine specialist referral to sleep specialist sleep medicine specialist consultation sleep specialist assessment sleep specialist consultation sleep specialist evaluation sleep specialist referral sleep study evaluation sleep medicine specialist evaluation An assessment with a specialist who has expertise in the diagnosis and management of clinical conditions that occur during sleep, that disturb sleep, or that are affected by disturbances in the wake-sleep cycle. This specialist is skilled in the analysis and interpretation of comprehensive polysomnography, and well versed in emerging research and management of a sleep laboratory. abms.org An assessment by a personal physician who provides long-term, comprehensive care in the office and in the hospital, managing both common and complex illnesses of adolescents, adults and the elderly. Internists are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, infections and diseases affecting the heart, blood, kidneys, joints and the digestive, respiratory and vascular systems. Internists are also trained in the essentials of primary care internal medicine, which incorporates an understanding of disease prevention, wellness, substance abuse, mental health and effective treatment of common problems of the eyes, ears, skin, nervous system and reproductive organs. 2020-07-01T20:07:16Z consultation with internal medicine specialist consultation with internist internal medicine specialist consultation internist consultation internist evaluation referral to an internal medicine specialist referral to an internist internal medicine specialist evaluation An assessment by a personal physician who provides long-term, comprehensive care in the office and in the hospital, managing both common and complex illnesses of adolescents, adults and the elderly. Internists are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, infections and diseases affecting the heart, blood, kidneys, joints and the digestive, respiratory and vascular systems. Internists are also trained in the essentials of primary care internal medicine, which incorporates an understanding of disease prevention, wellness, substance abuse, mental health and effective treatment of common problems of the eyes, ears, skin, nervous system and reproductive organs. abms.org An assessment with a multidisciplinary health care specialist trained in the unique physical, psychological and social characteristics of adolescents, their health care problems and needs. 2020-07-01T20:13:15Z adolescent medicine specialist consultation adolescent medicine specialist evaluation assessment by adolescent medicine specialist consultation with adolescent medicine specialist evaluation by adolescent medicine specialist referral to adolescent medicine specialist adolescent medicine specialist evaluation An assessment with a multidisciplinary health care specialist trained in the unique physical, psychological and social characteristics of adolescents, their health care problems and needs. abms.org An assessment by an internist who specializes in diseases of the heart and blood vessels and manages complex cardiac conditions, such as heart attacks and life-threatening, abnormal heartbeat rhythms. 2020-07-01T20:16:52Z assessment by cardiologist cardiologist consultation cardiologist evaluation cardiologist referral cardiovascular disease internist consultation cardiovascular disease internist evaluation consultation with cardiologist consultation with cardiovascular disease internist consultation with internal medicine cardiovascular disease specialist evaluation by cardiologist internal medicine cardiovascular disease specialist consultation referral to cardiologist referral to cardiovascular disease internist cardiologist evaluation An assessment by an internist who specializes in diseases of the heart and blood vessels and manages complex cardiac conditions, such as heart attacks and life-threatening, abnormal heartbeat rhythms. abms.org An assessment by a specialist who specializes in intricate technical procedures to evaluate heart rhythms and determine appropriate treatment. 2020-07-01T20:30:10Z consultation with clinical cardiac electrophysiologist consultation with clinical cardiac electrophysiology specialist internal medicine clinical cardiac electrophysiologist consultation internal medicine clinical cardiac electrophysiology specialist consultation internal medicine clinical cardiac electrophysiology specialist evaluation referral to a clinical electrophysiologist clinical cardiac electrophysiologist evaluation An assessment by a specialist who specializes in intricate technical procedures to evaluate heart rhythms and determine appropriate treatment. abms.org An assessment with an internist trained in critical care medicine who has expertise in the diagnosis, treatment and support of critically ill and injured patients, particularly trauma victims and patients with multiple organ dysfunction. 2020-07-01T20:35:47Z consultation with critical care medicine internist consultation with internal medicine critical care medicine specialist internal medicine critical care medicine consultation internal medicine critical care medicine evaluation referral to critical care internist critical care medicine internist evaluation An assessment with an internist who specializes in the diagnosis and management of disorders of hormones and their actions, metabolic disorders, and neoplasia of the endocrine glands. This specialist cares for patients with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, disorders of calcium and bone, hyperlipidemia, obesity and nutritional disorders, pituitary disorders, reproductive and gonadal disorders, adrenal diseases, and endocrine hypertension. 2020-07-01T20:43:06Z consultation with endocrinologist consultation with endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism specialist endocrinologist consultation endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism specialist consultation endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism specialist evaluation referral to endocrinologist endocrinologist evaluation An assessment with an internist who specializes in the diagnosis and management of disorders of hormones and their actions, metabolic disorders, and neoplasia of the endocrine glands. This specialist cares for patients with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, disorders of calcium and bone, hyperlipidemia, obesity and nutritional disorders, pituitary disorders, reproductive and gonadal disorders, adrenal diseases, and endocrine hypertension. abms.org An evaluation with an internist who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive organs including the stomach, bowels, liver and gallbladder. This specialist treats conditions such as abdominal pain, ulcers, diarrhea, cancer and jaundice and performs complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using endoscopes to visualize internal organs. 2020-07-01T20:46:33Z consultation with gastroenterologist consultation with gastroenterology specialist gastroenterologist consultation gastroenterology specialist evaluation referral to gastroenterologist gastroenterologist evaluation An evaluation with an internist who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive organs including the stomach, bowels, liver and gallbladder. This specialist treats conditions such as abdominal pain, ulcers, diarrhea, cancer and jaundice and performs complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using endoscopes to visualize internal organs. abms.org An assessment by an internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, clotting disorders, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, leukemia and lymphoma. 2020-07-01T21:00:28Z consultation with hematologist hematologist consultation hematology specialist consultation hematology specialist evaluation referral to hematologist hematologist evaluation An assessment by an internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, clotting disorders, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, leukemia and lymphoma. abms.org An assessment by an internist who deals with infectious diseases of all types and in all organ systems. Infectious disease specialists may also have expertise in preventive medicine and travel medicine. 2020-07-02T17:10:50Z consultation with infectious disease specialist infectious disease specialist consultation infectious disease specialist evaluation referral to infectious disease internist infectious disease internist evaluation An assessment by an internist who deals with infectious diseases of all types and in all organ systems. Infectious disease specialists may also have expertise in preventive medicine and travel medicine. abms.org An assessment by an internist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all types of cancer and other benign and malignant tumors. This specialist decides on and administers therapy for these malignancies, as well as consults with surgeons and radiotherapists on other treatments for cancer. 2020-07-02T17:50:50Z consultation with medical oncologist consultation with medical oncology internist medical oncologist consultation medical oncology internist consultation medical oncology internist evaluation referral to oncologist medical oncologist evaluation An assessment by an internist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all types of cancer and other benign and malignant tumors. This specialist decides on and administers therapy for these malignancies, as well as consults with surgeons and radiotherapists on other treatments for cancer. abms.org An assessment by an internist who treats disorders of the kidney, high blood pressure, fluid and mineral balance, and dialysis of body wastes when the kidneys do not function. This specialist consults with surgeons about kidney transplantation. 2020-07-02T18:23:18Z consultation with nephrologist consultation with nephrology internist nephrologist consultation nephrology internist consultation nephrology internist evaluation referral to nephrologist nephrologist evaluation An assessment by an internist who treats disorders of the kidney, high blood pressure, fluid and mineral balance, and dialysis of body wastes when the kidneys do not function. This specialist consults with surgeons about kidney transplantation. abms.org An assessment by an internist who treats diseases of the lungs and airways. The specialist diagnoses and treats cancer, pneumonia, pleurisy, asthma, occupational and environmental diseases, bronchitis, sleep disorders, emphysema and other complex disorders of the lungs. 2020-07-02T18:32:06Z consultation with pulmonary disease internist consultation with pulmonary disease specialist consultation with pulmonologist pulmonary disease internist consultation pulmonary disease internist evaluation pulmonologist consultation referral to pulmonologist pulmonologist evaluation An assessment by an internist who treats diseases of the lungs and airways. The specialist diagnoses and treats cancer, pneumonia, pleurisy, asthma, occupational and environmental diseases, bronchitis, sleep disorders, emphysema and other complex disorders of the lungs. abms.org An assessment by an internist who treats diseases of joints, muscle, bones and tendons. This specialist diagnoses and treats arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, common athletic injuries and collagen diseases. 2020-07-02T19:00:04Z consultation with rheumatologist consultation with rheumatology internist referral to rhematologist rheumatologist consultation rheumatology internist consultation rheumatology internist evaluation rheumatology specialist consultation rheumatology specialist evaluation rheumatologist evaluation An assessment by an internist who treats diseases of joints, muscle, bones and tendons. This specialist diagnoses and treats arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, common athletic injuries and collagen diseases. abms.org An assessment with a specialist who directs and interprets a wide range of specialized, laboratory biochemical genetic analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of inherited metabolic disorders. The specialist acts as a consultant regarding laboratory diagnosis on a broad range of inborn errors of metabolism. 2020-07-02T20:14:07Z clinical biochemical geneticist consultation consultation with clinical biochemical geneticist referral to a clinical biochemical geneticist clinical biochemical geneticist evaluation An assessment with a specialist who directs and interprets a wide range of specialized, laboratory biochemical genetic analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of inherited metabolic disorders. The specialist acts as a consultant regarding laboratory diagnosis on a broad range of inborn errors of metabolism. abms.org An assessment with a specialist who provides comprehensive diagnostic, management, therapeutic, and counseling services for individuals and families at risk for clinical disorders with a genetic basis. The specialist is trained to evaluate individuals of all ages for hereditary conditions. 2020-07-02T20:16:59Z clinical geneticist consultation clinical geneticist evaluation clinical genetics and genomics specialist consultation consultation with clinical geneticist consultation with clinical genetics and genomics specialist referral to a clinical geneticist clinical genetics and genomics specialist evaluation An assessment with a specialist who provides comprehensive diagnostic, management, therapeutic, and counseling services for individuals and families at risk for clinical disorders with a genetic basis. The specialist is trained to evaluate individuals of all ages for hereditary conditions. abms.org An assessment or consultation by a diplomate certified in Laboratory Genetics and Genomics who directs and interprets both clinical cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of human genetic disease. This specialist acts as a consultant in laboratory diagnoses for a broad range of molecular and chromosomal-based disorders, including both inherited and acquired conditions. 2020-07-02T20:29:00Z clinical laboratory geneticist evaluation An assessment or consultation by a diplomate certified in Laboratory Genetics and Genomics who directs and interprets both clinical cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of human genetic disease. This specialist acts as a consultant in laboratory diagnoses for a broad range of molecular and chromosomal-based disorders, including both inherited and acquired conditions. abms.org An assessment by this specialist provides care for adult and pediatric patients in the treatment of pain or pathological processes that may modify the function or activity of the central nervous system (e.g., brain, hypophysis, and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system (e.g., cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves), the autonomic nervous system, the supporting structures of these systems (e.g., meninges, skull & skull base, and vertebral column), and their vascular supply (e.g., intracranial, extracranial, and spinal vasculature). 2020-07-08T15:24:04Z NCIT:C17722 consultation with neurological surgeon consultation with neurological surgery specialist consultation with neurosurgeon neurological surgeon consultation neurological surgeon evaluation neurological surgery specialist consultation neurosurgeon consultation neurosurgeon evaluation referral to neurosurgeon neurological surgery specialist evaluation An assessment by this specialist provides care for adult and pediatric patients in the treatment of pain or pathological processes that may modify the function or activity of the central nervous system (e.g., brain, hypophysis, and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system (e.g., cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves), the autonomic nervous system, the supporting structures of these systems (e.g., meninges, skull & skull base, and vertebral column), and their vascular supply (e.g., intracranial, extracranial, and spinal vasculature). abms.org An evaluation by a specialist that uses molecular tracers (usually labeled with radioactive atoms) for diagnosis and therapy. 2020-07-08T17:46:13Z consultation with nuclear medicine specialist nuclear medicine specialist consultation referral to nuclear medicine specialist These labeled tracers are most often used to produce images that provide information about organ function, as well as cellular function on a molecular level (molecular imaging). Molecular imaging can be combined with anatomical imaging by using specialized cameras. The most common diagnostic applications of Nuclear Medicine include the early detection of coronary artery disease, cancer diagnosis and staging and the evaluation of the effect of cancer treatment. The fusion of molecular and anatomical information increases diagnostic accuracy and changes medical management. Radioactive materials are also used to treat a variety of health problems, including thyroid disorders and cancer. nuclear medicine specialist evaluation An evaluation by a specialist that uses molecular tracers (usually labeled with radioactive atoms) for diagnosis and therapy. abms.org These labeled tracers are most often used to produce images that provide information about organ function, as well as cellular function on a molecular level (molecular imaging). Molecular imaging can be combined with anatomical imaging by using specialized cameras. The most common diagnostic applications of Nuclear Medicine include the early detection of coronary artery disease, cancer diagnosis and staging and the evaluation of the effect of cancer treatment. The fusion of molecular and anatomical information increases diagnostic accuracy and changes medical management. Radioactive materials are also used to treat a variety of health problems, including thyroid disorders and cancer. abms.org An evaluation with a specialist who focuses on the health of women before, during and after childbearing years, diagnosing and treating conditions of the reproductive system and associated disorders. 2020-07-08T17:53:55Z OB/GYN specialist consultation OB/GYN specialist evaluation consultation OB/GYN specialist consultation obstetrician/gynecologist consultation with obstetrics and gynecology specialist obstetrician/gynecologist consultation obstetrician/gynecologist evaluation obstetrics and gynecology specialist consultation obstetrics/gynecology specialist consultation obstetrics/gynecology specialist evaluation referral to OB/GYN specialist obstetrics and gynecology specialist evaluation An evaluation with a specialist who focuses on the health of women before, during and after childbearing years, diagnosing and treating conditions of the reproductive system and associated disorders. abms.org An evaluation by a specialist focused on the medical and surgical care of the eyes. Ophthalmologists are the only physicians medically trained to manage the complete range of the eye and vision care. They can prescribe glasses and contact lenses, dispense medications, diagnose and treat eye conditions and diseases and perform surgeries. 2020-07-08T20:14:31Z consultation with ophthalmologist ophthalmologist consultation ophthalmologist referral ophthalmology specialist consultation ophthalmology specialist evaluation referral to ophthalmologist referral to ophthalmology specialist referral to optometrist ophthalmologist evaluation An evaluation by a specialist focused on the medical and surgical care of the eyes. Ophthalmologists are the only physicians medically trained to manage the complete range of the eye and vision care. They can prescribe glasses and contact lenses, dispense medications, diagnose and treat eye conditions and diseases and perform surgeries. abms.org An evaluation by a specialist who has expertise in the surgical and medical care for all structures of the musculoskeletal system directly affected by participation in sporting activity. This specialist is proficient in areas including conditioning, training and fitness, athletic performance and the impact of dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and nutrition on performance and health, coordination of care within the team setting utilizing other health care professionals, field evaluation and management, soft tissue biomechanics and injury healing and repair. Knowledge and understanding of the principles and techniques of rehabilitation, athletic equipment and orthotic devices enables the specialist to prevent and manage athletic injuries. 2020-07-08T20:31:50Z consultation with sports medicine orthopedic surgeon referral to sports medicine orthopedic surgeon referral to sports medicine orthopedist sports medicine orthopedic surgeon consultation sports medicine orthopedic surgeon evaluation sports medicine orthopedist consultation sports medicine orthopedist referral sports medicine orthopedist evaluation An evaluation by a specialist who has expertise in the surgical and medical care for all structures of the musculoskeletal system directly affected by participation in sporting activity. This specialist is proficient in areas including conditioning, training and fitness, athletic performance and the impact of dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and nutrition on performance and health, coordination of care within the team setting utilizing other health care professionals, field evaluation and management, soft tissue biomechanics and injury healing and repair. Knowledge and understanding of the principles and techniques of rehabilitation, athletic equipment and orthotic devices enables the specialist to prevent and manage athletic injuries. abms.org An assessment by a specialist with expertise in the surgical, medical and rehabilitative care of patients with diseases, injuries, and disorders affecting the hand, wrist and forearm. 2020-07-08T20:34:54Z consultation with hand surgeon consultation with orthopedic hand surgeon hand surgeon consultation referral to hand surgeon referral to orthopedic hand surgeon Common conditions treated by a hand surgeon include carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger fingers, ganglia (lumps), sports injuries to the hand and wrist, and hand injuries involving cut tendons, nerves and arteries. Hand Surgeons may be General Surgeons, Orthopedic Surgeons or Plastic Surgeons who have received additional training in this area. hand surgeon evaluation An assessment by a specialist with expertise in the surgical, medical and rehabilitative care of patients with diseases, injuries, and disorders affecting the hand, wrist and forearm. abms.org Common conditions treated by a hand surgeon include carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger fingers, ganglia (lumps), sports injuries to the hand and wrist, and hand injuries involving cut tendons, nerves and arteries. Hand Surgeons may be General Surgeons, Orthopedic Surgeons or Plastic Surgeons who have received additional training in this area. abms.org An assessment by a specialist who provides medical and/or surgical therapy or prevention of diseases, allergies, neoplasms, deformities, disorders and/or injuries of the ears, nose, sinuses, throat, respiratory and upper alimentary systems, face, jaws and the other head and neck systems. 2020-07-09T16:10:20Z consultation by otolaryngology specialist consultation with head and neck surgeon consultation with otolaryngologist evaluation by otolaryngologist head and neck surgeon consultation head and neck surgeon evaluation head and neck surgeon referral otolaryngologist consultation otolaryngologist referral otolaryngology specialist consultation otolaryngology specialist evaluation otolaryngology specialist referral otorhinolaryngologist evaluation referral to head and neck surgeon referral to otolaryngologist Head and neck oncology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery and the treatment of disorders of hearing and voice are fundamental areas of expertise. otolaryngologist evaluation An assessment by a specialist who provides medical and/or surgical therapy or prevention of diseases, allergies, neoplasms, deformities, disorders and/or injuries of the ears, nose, sinuses, throat, respiratory and upper alimentary systems, face, jaws and the other head and neck systems. abms.org Head and neck oncology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery and the treatment of disorders of hearing and voice are fundamental areas of expertise. abms.org An assessment by a specialist concerned with the physical, emotional, and social health of children from birth to young adulthood. 2020-07-09T17:48:27Z evaluation by pediatrician pediatrician consultation Pediatric care encompasses a broad spectrum of health services ranging from preventive health care to the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diseases. Pediatricians understand the many factors that affect the growth and development of children. They understand that children are not simply small adults. Children change rapidly, and they must be approached with an appreciation for their stage of physical and mental development. pediatrician evaluation An assessment by a specialist concerned with the physical, emotional, and social health of children from birth to young adulthood. abms.org Pediatric care encompasses a broad spectrum of health services ranging from preventive health care to the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diseases. Pediatricians understand the many factors that affect the growth and development of children. They understand that children are not simply small adults. Children change rapidly, and they must be approached with an appreciation for their stage of physical and mental development. abms.org An evaluation with a specialist who possesses special skills, training and experience to foster understanding and promotion of optimal development of children and families through research, education, clinical care and advocacy efforts. This physician assists in the prevention, diagnosis and management of developmental difficulties and problematic behaviors in children and in the family dysfunctions that compromise children’s development. 2020-07-09T18:05:01Z consultation with developmental-behavior pediatrician developmental-behavior pediatrician consultation developmental-behavior pediatrician referral referral to developmental-behavior pediatrician developmental-behavior pediatrician evaluation An evaluation with a specialist who possesses special skills, training and experience to foster understanding and promotion of optimal development of children and families through research, education, clinical care and advocacy efforts. This physician assists in the prevention, diagnosis and management of developmental difficulties and problematic behaviors in children and in the family dysfunctions that compromise children’s development. abms.org An evaluation by a specialist who provides expert care to infants, children and adolescents who have diseases that result from an abnormality in the endocrine glands (glands which secrete hormones). These diseases include diabetes mellitus, growth failure, unusual size for age, early or late pubertal development, birth defects, the genital region and disorders of the thyroid, the adrenal and pituitary glands. 2020-07-09T18:48:58Z assessment by pediatric endocrinologist consultation with pediatric endocrinologist evaluation by pediatric endocrinologist pediatric endocrinologist consultation pediatric endocrinologist referral referral to pediatric endocrinologist pediatric endocrinologist evalutation An evaluation by a specialist who provides expert care to infants, children and adolescents who have diseases that result from an abnormality in the endocrine glands (glands which secrete hormones). These diseases include diabetes mellitus, growth failure, unusual size for age, early or late pubertal development, birth defects, the genital region and disorders of the thyroid, the adrenal and pituitary glands. abms.org Evaluation by a specialist who provides comprehensive care to patients with cardiovascular problems. This specialist is skilled in selecting, performing, and evaluating the structural and functional assessment of the heart and blood vessels, and the clinical evaluation of cardiovascular disease. 2020-07-09T18:54:16Z assessment by pediatric cardiologist consultation with pediatric cardiologist evaluation by pediatric cardiologist pediatric cardiologist consultation pediatric cardiologist referral referral to pediatric cardiologist pediatric cardiologist evaluation Evaluation by a specialist who provides comprehensive care to patients with cardiovascular problems. This specialist is skilled in selecting, performing, and evaluating the structural and functional assessment of the heart and blood vessels, and the clinical evaluation of cardiovascular disease. abms.org Assessment by a specialist who treats patients with disorders or disabilities in the muscles, bones, and nervous system, including neck or back pain, sports and work injuries, stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, spasticity, and any other disability or disorder that affects function. 2020-07-09T19:45:07Z assessment by physiatrist assessment by physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist consultation by physiatrist consultation with physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist evaluation by physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist physiatrist assessment physiatrist consultation physiatrist referral physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist assessment physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist consultation physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist evaluation physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist referral referral to physiatrist Treatment modalities by a physiatrist may include medications, injections, therapeutic exercise, electrodiagnosis, and any equipment required for daily activities. physiatrist evaluation Assessment by a specialist who treats patients with disorders or disabilities in the muscles, bones, and nervous system, including neck or back pain, sports and work injuries, stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, spasticity, and any other disability or disorder that affects function. abms.org Treatment modalities by a physiatrist may include medications, injections, therapeutic exercise, electrodiagnosis, and any equipment required for daily activities. abms.org An assessment with a specialist who focuses on the repair, reconstruction or replacement of physical defects of form or function involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, craniomaxillofacial structures, hand, extremities, breast and trunk and external genitalia or cosmetic enhancement of these areas of the body. 2020-07-09T19:54:01Z consultation with plastic surgeon evaluation by plastic surgeon plastic surgeon assessment plastic surgeon consultation plastic surgeon referral plastic surgeon evaluation An assessment with a specialist who focuses on the repair, reconstruction or replacement of physical defects of form or function involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, craniomaxillofacial structures, hand, extremities, breast and trunk and external genitalia or cosmetic enhancement of these areas of the body. abms.org Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mental, addictive and emotional disorders. 2020-07-09T20:37:35Z assessment by psychiatrist consult with psychiatrist evaluation by psychiatrist psychiatrist assessment psychiatrist consultation psychiatrist referral referral to psychiatrist psychiatrist evaluation Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mental, addictive and emotional disorders. abms.org Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mental, addictive and emotional disorders in children and adolescence. 2020-07-09T20:41:16Z assessment by child and adolescent psychiatrist assessment by child psychiatrist child and adolescent psychiatrist assessment child and adolescent psychiatrist consultation child and adolescent psychiatrist referral child psychiatrist assessment child psychiatrist evaluation child psychiatrist referral consultation with child and adolescent psychiatrist consultation with child psychiatrist evaluation by child and adolescent psychiatrist referral to child and adolescent psychiatrist referral to child psychiatrist child and adolescent psychiatrist evaluation Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mental, addictive and emotional disorders in children and adolescence. abms.org An evaluation a specialist who treats all types of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures. 2020-07-10T16:33:00Z consultation with neurologist neurologist assessment neurologist consultation neurologist referral referral to neurologist neurologist evaluation An evaluation a specialist who treats all types of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures. abms.org Evaluation with a specialist who diagnose and treat all types of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures in infants, children, and adolescents. They also have special competence in genetic and metabolic problems, malformation, retardation and other neurodevelopmental problems of childhood. 2020-07-10T18:35:13Z assessment by pediatric neurologist child neurologist assessment child neurologist consultation consultation with child neurologist consultation with pediatric neurologist evaluation by child neurologist pediatric neurologist assessment pediatric neurologist consultation pediatric neurologist evaluation referral to child neurologist referral to pediatric neurologist child neurologist evaluation Evaluation with a specialist who diagnose and treat all types of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures in infants, children, and adolescents. They also have special competence in genetic and metabolic problems, malformation, retardation and other neurodevelopmental problems of childhood. abms.org Evaluation by a specialist who uses imaging methodologies to diagnose and manage patients and provide therapeutic options. 2020-07-10T19:06:21Z assessment by radiologist evaluation by radiologist radiologist assessment radiologist evaluation Evaluation by a specialist who uses imaging methodologies to diagnose and manage patients and provide therapeutic options. abms.org Evaluation by an expert in the diagnosis and care of patients with diseases and disorders affecting the abdomen, digestive tract, endocrine system, breast, skin and blood vessels. A general surgeon is also trained in the treatment of patients who are injured or critically ill, and in the care of pediatric and cancer patients. General surgeons are skilled in the use of minimally invasive techniques and endoscopies. 2020-07-10T19:33:25Z assessment by general surgeon consultation with general surgeon evaluation by general surgeon general surgeon assessment general surgeon consultation general surgeon evaluation general surgeon evaluation Evaluation by an expert in the diagnosis and care of patients with diseases and disorders affecting the abdomen, digestive tract, endocrine system, breast, skin and blood vessels. A general surgeon is also trained in the treatment of patients who are injured or critically ill, and in the care of pediatric and cancer patients. General surgeons are skilled in the use of minimally invasive techniques and endoscopies. abms.org An evaluation by a specialist who performs preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of patients with disorders of the arterial, venous and lymphatic systems, excluding vessels of the brain and the heart. 2020-07-10T19:54:59Z assessment by vascular surgeon evaluation by vascular surgeon referral by vascular surgeon vascular surgeon assessment vascular surgeon consultation vascular surgeon referral vascular surgeon evaluation Evaluation by a specialist who focuses on the operative, perioperative, and surgical critical care of patients with acquired and congenital pathologic conditions within the chest. 2020-07-10T20:40:44Z assessment by thoracic and cardiac surgeon assessment by thoracic surgeon consultation with thoracic and cardiac surgeon consultation with thoracic surgeon evaluation by thoracic and cardiac surgeon evaluation by thoracic surgeon referral to thoracic and cardiac surgeon referral to thoracic surgeon thoracic and cardiac surgeon assessment thoracic and cardiac surgeon consultation thoracic and cardiac surgeon referral thoracic surgeon assessment thoracic surgeon evaluation thoracic surgeon referral thoracic and cardiac surgeon evaluation Evaluation by a specialist who focuses on the operative, perioperative, and surgical critical care of patients with acquired and congenital pathologic conditions within the chest. abms.org An evaluation by a specialist that focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. This specialist manages non-surgical problems such as urinary tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as surgical problems such as the surgical management of cancers, the correction of congenital abnormalities, and correcting stress incontinence. 2020-07-10T20:44:20Z assessment by genitourinary surgeon assessment by urologist consultation with genitourinary surgeon consultation with urologist evaluation by genitourinary surgeon evaluation by urologist genitourinary surgeon consultation genitourinary surgeon evaluation referral to genitourinary surgeon referral to urologist urologist assessment urologist consultation urologist referral urologist evaluation An evaluation by a specialist that focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. This specialist manages non-surgical problems such as urinary tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as surgical problems such as the surgical management of cancers, the correction of congenital abnormalities, and correcting stress incontinence. abms.org Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of of the brain. 2020-07-13T17:01:27Z psychiatry and neurology specialist evaluation Assessment by a specialist who has expertise in the diagnosis and preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of patient care. 2020-07-13T17:57:48Z surgeon evaluation Assessment by a specialist who has expertise in the diagnosis and preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of patient care. abms.org A procedure, also known as sonohysterography or saline infusion sonography, using a minimally invasive ultrasound technique to view the inside of the uterus. Sterile saline is injected into the endometrial cavity thereby distending the endometrial cavity, providing good visualization of the anatomic structures within. 2020-07-16T14:18:41Z NCIT:C38066 diagnostic hysterosonography medical hysterosonography sonohysterography saline infusion sonography hysterosonography A procedure, also known as sonohysterography or saline infusion sonography, using a minimally invasive ultrasound technique to view the inside of the uterus. Sterile saline is injected into the endometrial cavity thereby distending the endometrial cavity, providing good visualization of the anatomic structures within. NCIT:C38066 An invasive procedure in which sound waves (called ultrasound) are bounced off of vascular tissues from within the vessel and the echoes produce a picture (sonogram). 2020-07-16T14:31:24Z NCIT:C99535 IVUS diagnostic intravascular ultrasound intravascular sonography intravascular ultrasound medical intravascular ultrasonography intravascular ultrasonography An invasive procedure in which sound waves (called ultrasound) are bounced off of vascular tissues from within the vessel and the echoes produce a picture (sonogram). NCIT:C99535 IVUS A technique in which sound waves are sent out by an ultrasound probe that has been inserted in the vagina and a computer uses the ultrasound echoes to create an image of the female genital tract. The test can be performed to evaluate women with infertility problems, abnormal bleeding, sources of unexplained pain, congenital malformations of the uterus and ovaries, and possible tumors and infection. 2020-07-16T14:38:38Z NCIT:C17644 TVS TVU diagnostic transvaginal ultrasound medical transvaginal sonography transvaginal sonography transvaginal ultrasound transvaginal ultrasound examination transvaginal ultrasonography A technique in which sound waves are sent out by an ultrasound probe that has been inserted in the vagina and a computer uses the ultrasound echoes to create an image of the female genital tract. The test can be performed to evaluate women with infertility problems, abnormal bleeding, sources of unexplained pain, congenital malformations of the uterus and ovaries, and possible tumors and infection. NCIT:C17644 TVS TVU A procedure that uses sound waves to create a video image of the pelvic organs and tissues. A small, lubricated probe placed into the rectum releases sound waves, which create echoes as they enter a pelvic organ. The echoes that bounce back are sent to a computer that translates the pattern of echoes into a picture of the specific organ under examination. This procedure is most often used to evaluate the prostate gland. 2020-07-16T14:46:48Z NCIT:C18315 ERUS TRUS diagnostic transrectal ultrasound endorectal sonography endorectal ultrasound endorectal ultrsonography medical transrectal ultrasound transrectal sonography transrectal ultrasound transrectal ultrasound examination transrectal ultrasonography A procedure that uses sound waves to create a video image of the pelvic organs and tissues. A small, lubricated probe placed into the rectum releases sound waves, which create echoes as they enter a pelvic organ. The echoes that bounce back are sent to a computer that translates the pattern of echoes into a picture of the specific organ under examination. This procedure is most often used to evaluate the prostate gland. NCIT:C18315 ERUS TRUS A procedure where a allied health care provider who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment. This is care provided by health care practitioners who are distinct providers from dentistry, nursing, medicine, and pharmacy health care professionals. 2020-10-06T17:59:44Z allied health clnicians support allied health practitioner consultation allied health practitioner evaluation allied health professional consultation assessment by allied health professional consulationat with allied health professional consultation with allied health practitioner evaluation by allied health professional evaluation managed by allied health professional support by allied health clinicians allied health professional evaluation An initial evaluation or assessment by a health professional trained to help people who are ill or disabled learn to manage their daily activities. 2020-10-06T19:51:46Z OT assessment OT consult OT eval OT evaluation OT treatment assessment by occupational therapist evaluation by occupational therapist managed by occupational therapist occupational therapist assessment occupational therapist consultation occupational therapist management occupational therapist treatment treatment by OT treatment by occupational therapist occupational therapist evaluation OT assessment OT consult OT eval OT evaluation OT treatment treatment by OT An initial assessment by a professional who works to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, congnitive-communication, and swallowing disorders. 2020-10-08T15:24:36Z assessment with speech therapist consult with speech therapist evaluation by speech and language therapist speech and language pathologist evaluation speech and language therapist evaluation speech therapist assessment speech therapist consultation speech therapist evaluation speech-language pathologist assessment speech-language pathologist examination speech/language pathologist evaluation speech/language therapist evaluation speech-language pathologist evaluation An initial assessment by a professional who works to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, congnitive-communication, and swallowing disorders. asha.org A first assessment by a trained non-medical health professional who specializes in the identification, testing, habilitation and rehabilitation of hearing loss and other auditory and balance disorders. Particularly, an audiologist may be involved in diagnostic and screening procedures to determine hearing deficits, as well as in assessment of amplification devices and instruction in their care, training in speechreading, and may serve as consultant to government and industry on issues concerning environmental, noise-induced hearing loss. 2020-10-08T20:20:40Z NCIT:C51804 assessment by audiologist audilogic assessment audiologic evaluation audiology evaluation audiology examination evaluation by audiologist treatment by audiologist audiologist evaluation A therapy derived from fibric acid that lowers serum LDL cholesterol levels by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa). 2020-11-17T21:12:47Z NCIT:C98150 fibrate dyslipidemic agent therapy fibrate antilipidemic agent therapy Therapy using a highly charged polymeric agent to bind bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent their reabsorption from the gut. The bound bile acids are excreted with the feces and plasma cholesterol is converted to bile acid to reestablish normal bile acid levels, resulting in a lowering of plasma cholesterol concentrations. 2020-11-17T21:21:54Z bile-acid sequestrant agent therapy bile-acid sequestrant therapy treatment with bile-acid sequestrant bile acid sequestrant therapy Therapy that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. 2020-11-17T21:37:04Z hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy statin agent therapy treatment with EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor treatment with statins HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy Treatment with an agent that works through, or mimics, the action of niacin. 2020-11-17T21:45:22Z CHEBI:15940 NCIT:C98151 niacin-based antilipidemic agent niacin agent therapy treatment with niacin An antilipidemic agent that works through, or mimics, the action of niacin to increase HDL-C levels by blocking hepatic uptake of apolipoprotein A-1 and decreasing HDL clearance. The use of free niacin is limited by its side effects of skin flushing (i.e., redness, itching, burning, and paresthesias) nicotinic acid agent therapy An antilipidemic agent that works through, or mimics, the action of niacin to increase HDL-C levels by blocking hepatic uptake of apolipoprotein A-1 and decreasing HDL clearance. The use of free niacin is limited by its side effects of skin flushing (i.e., redness, itching, burning, and paresthesias) NCIT:C98151 Treatment with a diuretic agent that produces diuresis without increasing potassium excretion. 2020-11-18T16:10:36Z NCIT:C49186 treatment with potassium-sparing diuretic Potassium sparing diuretics are generally either aldosterone antagonists and thus prevent the aldosterone-mediated promotion of sodium and water retention, or are epithelial sodium channel blockers and prevent the exchange of potassium for sodium in the distal convoluted tubule. These agents cause diuresis without increasing potassium secretion and thus do not cause hypokalemia. potassium-sparing diuretic agent therapy Potassium sparing diuretics are generally either aldosterone antagonists and thus prevent the aldosterone-mediated promotion of sodium and water retention, or are epithelial sodium channel blockers and prevent the exchange of potassium for sodium in the distal convoluted tubule. These agents cause diuresis without increasing potassium secretion and thus do not cause hypokalemia. NCIT:C49186 Treatment with a benzothiadiazide derivative or other thiazide-like agent with diuretic and anti-hypertensive activity. 2020-11-18T16:16:04Z NCIT:C49185 treatment with thiazide diuretic agent Thiazide diuretics inhibit the sodium-chloride transporter in the distal tubule in the kidneys, thereby suppressing sodium and chloride reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water. In addition, thiazide diuretics decrease excretion of calcium and uric acid. These agents cause vasodilation possibly by activating calcium-activated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. thiazide diuretic agent therapy Thiazide diuretics inhibit the sodium-chloride transporter in the distal tubule in the kidneys, thereby suppressing sodium and chloride reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water. In addition, thiazide diuretics decrease excretion of calcium and uric acid. These agents cause vasodilation possibly by activating calcium-activated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. NCIT:C49185 Treatment with sulfonamide urea derivatives with antihyperglycemic activity. 2020-11-18T16:22:03Z NCIT:C97936 sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent therapy treatment with sulfonylurea treatment with sulfonylurea agent Sulphonylurea antidiabetic agents bind to sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1), the subunit of ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifier potassium (IKATP) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells, thereby blocking the inward current flow (influx) of positively charged K+ ions into the cell. This results in tonic membrane depolarization, and induces a calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels; increased intracellular calcium ion levels trigger exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. This eventually induces secretion of insulin. The IKATP channels found in pancreatic islets are complexes of four IKATP 6.2 and four SUR1 subunits. In addition, some sulfonylureas of larger molecular size may increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). sulfonylurea agent therapy Sulphonylurea antidiabetic agents bind to sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1), the subunit of ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifier potassium (IKATP) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells, thereby blocking the inward current flow (influx) of positively charged K+ ions into the cell. This results in tonic membrane depolarization, and induces a calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels; increased intracellular calcium ion levels trigger exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. This eventually induces secretion of insulin. The IKATP channels found in pancreatic islets are complexes of four IKATP 6.2 and four SUR1 subunits. In addition, some sulfonylureas of larger molecular size may increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). NCIT:C97936 Treatment with estrogens or estrogen/progesterone after menopause or ovariectomy to prevent pathological effects of decreased estrogen production. 2020-11-19T16:03:14Z MHT menopausal hormone replacement therapy postmenopausal hormone therapy menopausal hormone therapy Treatment with estrogens or estrogen/progesterone after menopause or ovariectomy to prevent pathological effects of decreased estrogen production. NCIT:C15599 Techniques for analysis of chromosomal and subchromosomal properties and structures, such as those to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. 2020-11-19T19:13:57Z NCIT:C18280 cytogenetic study cytogenetic testing cytogenetic analysis Techniques for analysis of chromosomal and subchromosomal properties and structures, such as those to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. NCIT:C18280 A test to detect chromosomal breakage or aberrations (breaks, gaps, rearrangements, radials, exchanges, endoreduplications) in peripheral blood cells after culture with a T-cell mitogen and a DNA clastogenic (cross-linking) agent, such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin C (MMC). 2020-11-19T19:24:16Z Chromosome Breakage Analysis (DEB/MMC) DEB/MMC testing chromosomal breakage testing induced chormosomal breakage testing chromosomal breakage analysis A test to detect chromosomal breakage or aberrations (breaks, gaps, rearrangements, radials, exchanges, endoreduplications) in peripheral blood cells after culture with a T-cell mitogen and a DNA clastogenic (cross-linking) agent, such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin C (MMC). PMID:25006279 Transfer of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood into the body. 2020-11-19T19:56:02Z HPSCT HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation HPSCT HSCT The transplantation of fecal bacteria, via enema, colonoscopy, or other method, from a healthy individual to a recipient. 2020-11-19T20:03:04Z FMT fecal material transplantation fecal transplantation stool transplantation fecal microbiota transplantation The transplantation of fecal bacteria, via enema, colonoscopy, or other method, from a healthy individual to a recipient. NCIT:C118643 FMT The removal of T-cells from the donor's hematopoietic stem cell specimen prior to its transfusion into the recipient. 2020-11-19T20:07:15Z NCIT:C116468 T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation The removal of T-cells from the donor's hematopoietic stem cell specimen prior to its transfusion into the recipient. NCIT:C116468 Administration of high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as immunosuppressive therapy, to a transplant recipient prior to a bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Conditioning destroys the patient's abnormal blood cells or cancer, as well as slows the patient's immune response against the donor bone marrow (graft rejection). 2020-11-19T20:12:40Z NCIT:C64468 conditioning regimen transplant conditioning Administration of high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as immunosuppressive therapy, to a transplant recipient prior to a bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Conditioning destroys the patient's abnormal blood cells or cancer, as well as slows the patient's immune response against the donor bone marrow (graft rejection). NCIT:C64468 The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data on an ongoing basis. 2020-11-19T20:25:20Z NCIT:C15719 clinical surveilance The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data on an ongoing basis. NCIT:C15719 Removal of a small amount of liquid bone marrow through a needle. 2020-11-19T20:31:02Z bone marrow aspiration procedure bone marrow aspiration The pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration. 2020-11-19T20:33:41Z bone marrow testing bone marrow monitoring bone marrow examination The determination of the amount of degree, quality or condition of cells present in a sample. 2020-11-19T20:39:47Z NCIT:C111153 cellularity grade measurement cellularity indexing cellularity measurement The determination of the amount of degree, quality or condition of cells present in a sample. NCIT:C111153 The sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissue often through rapid and non-invasive methods, which allows the assessment in real-time of the evolving landscape of cancer. 2020-11-19T20:45:40Z solid tumor monitoring liquid biopsy The sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissue often through rapid and non-invasive methods, which allows the assessment in real-time of the evolving landscape of cancer. PMID:32580740 The injection of whole blood or a blood component directly into the bloodstream. 2020-11-19T20:58:55Z transfusion NCIT:C15192 OGMS:0000145 transfusion of blood products blood component transfusion blood transfusion The injection of whole blood or a blood component directly into the bloodstream. NCIT:C15192 Any form of treatment that is introduced into the body via a blood vessel, a muscle, or the spinal cord. 2020-11-19T21:01:00Z NCIT:C15388 infusion infusion procedure Any form of treatment that is introduced into the body via a blood vessel, a muscle, or the spinal cord. NCIT:C15388 Avoid sexual intercourse without the use of precautions to prevent conception or the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. 2020-11-19T21:20:20Z avoid unprotected sexual intercourse Vaccination against human papillomavirus infection. 2020-11-19T21:22:47Z VO:0000667 HPV vaccination human papillomavirus vaccination Addition of vitamin B12 to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of vitamin B12 supplementation of vitamin B12 vitamin B12 supplemental intake vitamin B12 supplementation Addition of B vitamin to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-08-25T09:00:01Z B vitamin supplemental intake dietary supplementation of B vitamin supplementation of B vitamin B vitamin supplementation Intake of nutrients intravenously. 2020-11-30T16:40:53Z parenteral nutrition intake Intake of nutrients intravenously as well as enterically. 2020-11-30T16:43:26Z partial parenteral nutrition intake Intravenous nutrition intake administered via vein access in a limb. 2020-11-30T16:45:00Z PPN intake peripheral parenteral nutrition intake Intravenous nutrition administration via the central vein. 2020-11-30T16:46:01Z CVN intake central venous nutrition intake A recommendation to alter dietary intake where 30% or less of the calories come from fat. 2020-11-30T17:13:24Z NCBIBook:NBK553097 low fat diet intake Recommendation of a specific diet to adhere to prevent, relieve, or alleviate symptoms. 2020-11-30T17:15:20Z prescriptive dietary intake A recommendation to alter a standard diet from 2-3 large meals per day to many frequent smaller meals throughout the day. 2020-11-30T17:19:06Z frequent small meals recommendation small meal size recommendation A recommendation to maintain a vegetarian diet for health reasons. 2020-11-30T17:26:23Z vegetarian diet intake prescriptive vegetarian diet intake Dietary recommendation to closely control the amount of carbohydrates consumed. 2020-11-30T17:38:43Z NCBIBook:NBK537084 Very low-carbohydrate (< 10% carbohydrates) or 20-50 gm/day Low-carbohydrate (<26% carbohydrates) or less than < 130 gm/day Moderate-carbohydrate (26%-44%) High-carbohydrate (45% or greater) carbohydrate controlled diet intake Very low-carbohydrate (< 10% carbohydrates) or 20-50 gm/day Low-carbohydrate (<26% carbohydrates) or less than < 130 gm/day Moderate-carbohydrate (26%-44%) High-carbohydrate (45% or greater) NCBIBook:NBK537084 A dietary recommendation to restrict the amount of carbohydrates consumed. 2020-11-30T17:41:20Z carbohydrate restrictive diet intake low carbohydrate diet intake carbohydrate-restricted diet intake A recommendation to consume food low in purine content. 2020-11-30T17:50:25Z low intake of purine-rich diet low intake of purine-rich food purine restrictive diet intake low purine diet intake A recommendation to adhere to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The diet promotes consumption of vegetables and fruits, lean meat and dairy products, and the inclusion of micronutrients and the reduction of sodium in the diet to about 1500 mg/day. 2020-11-30T18:26:25Z dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet intake DASH diet intake A recommendation to adhere to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The diet promotes consumption of vegetables and fruits, lean meat and dairy products, and the inclusion of micronutrients and the reduction of sodium in the diet to about 1500 mg/day. NCBIBook:NBK482514 Exclusively feeding an infant formula in efforts to prevent allergic reactions, intolerances, or communication of diseases (i.e. HIV) through feeding human milk. 2020-11-30T18:51:35Z EFF exclusive formula feeding Exclusively feeding an infant formula in efforts to prevent allergic reactions, intolerances, or communication of diseases (i.e. HIV) through feeding human milk. PMID:23711175 EFF A diet low in poorly absorbed, fermentable, short chain carbohydrates including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) intended to reduce bloating, abdominal pain, excessive flatus and altered bowel habit. 2020-11-30T19:48:31Z low FODMAP diet intake A diet low in poorly absorbed, fermentable, short chain carbohydrates including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) intended to reduce bloating, abdominal pain, excessive flatus and altered bowel habit. PMID:28244669 Addition of iron to the diet by taking ferrous sulfate supplements. 2020-12-07T19:35:36Z slow release iron supplementation ferrous sulfate supplementation The quantitative measurement of liver enzymes in the blood, which is useful in assessing the functional state of a patient's liver. Liver function tests include the measurement of albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase. 2019-01-15T19:35:59Z NCIT:C74954 LFT liver function assessment liver function testing The quantitative measurement of liver enzymes in the blood, which is useful in assessing the functional state of a patient's liver. Liver function tests include the measurement of albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase. NCIT:C74954 LFT Treatment with growth hormone or analog. 2021-02-09T14:02:34Z GH replacement therapy HGH replacement therapy growth hormone therapy hGH replacement therapy hGH treatment human growth hormone therapy somatotropin replacement therapy human growth hormone replacement therapy Any procedure associated with female reproductive organs in their pregnant and non-pregnant states. 2021-02-09T19:21:56Z OB/GYN procedure obstetrics and gynecology procedure Any examination performed to assess if a female is gravid (pregnant). 2021-02-09T20:02:47Z NCIT:C92949 pregnancy test A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in urine or serum. 2021-02-09T20:20:44Z human chorionic gonadotropin measurement HCG measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in a sample of serum. 2021-02-09T20:22:47Z NCIT:C73495 blood HCG pregancy test serum HCG pregnancy measurement serum human chorionic gonadotropin measurement serum HCG measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in a sample of serum. NCIT:C73495 A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in a sample of urine. 2021-02-09T20:24:57Z urine HCG pregancy test urine HCG pregnancy measurement urine human chorionic gonadotropin measurement urine HCG measurement The determination of the measured concentrations of chemical constituents of the blood by assay in a clinical laboratory. 2021-02-09T20:32:13Z NCIT:C47868 blood chemistry test blood chemistry measurement The determination of the measured concentrations of chemical constituents of the blood by assay in a clinical laboratory. NCIT:C47868 A quantitative measurement of a particular substance present in a sample of serum. 2021-02-09T20:41:32Z NCIT:C61014 serum chemistry measurement A quantitative measurement of a particular substance present in a sample of serum. NCIT:C61014 A quantitative measurement of a particular substance present in a sample of urine. 2021-02-09T21:22:57Z NCIT:C61044 urine chemistry measurement A quantitative measurement of a particular substance present in a sample of urine. NCIT:C61044 A systemic evaluation of the breast using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z breast examination NCIT:C70552 breast exam clinical breast exam examination of breast physical examination of breast An exam of the breast performed by a health care provider to check for lumps or other changes. [ NCI ] clinical breast examination An exam of the breast performed by a health care provider to check for lumps or other changes. [ NCI ] NCIT:C70552 Procedure where the individual examines their own breasts for lumps and other changes. 2021-02-09T21:37:22Z NCIT:C70551 breast self-exam breast self-surveillance breast self-examination Procedure where the individual examines their own breasts for lumps and other changes. NCIT:C70551 A systemic evaluation of the abdomen using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z NCIT:C167415 abdomen exam examination of abdomen examination of the abdomen physical examination of abdomen abdominal examination A systemic evaluation of the pelvic region of trunk using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z NCIT:C38104 examination of pelvic region of trunk examination of pelvis pelvic exam pelvic region of trunk exam pelvis examination physical examination of pelvic region of trunk pelvic examination A measurement generally defined as the distance in centimeters from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus to determine fetal growth. 2021-02-09T22:00:43Z NCIT:C154876 fundal height measurement Determination of the uterine size by ultrasound or other measurement. 2021-02-09T22:03:45Z uterine size measurement Determination of the uterine size by ultrasound or other measurement. PMID:16212222 The act of observing and recording the fetal heart rate for determining the baseline values or other abnormal findings. 2021-02-10T19:36:36Z NCIT:C92929 fetal heart monitoring fetal heart rate measurement fetal heart rate monitoring The act of observing and recording the fetal heart rate for determining the baseline values or other abnormal findings. NCIT:C92929 obsolete fetal Doppler monitoring true A technique that utilizes a wire attached to the fetal scalp to monitor fetal heart rate. The wire detects fetal cardiac electrical activity to determine the baseline fetal heart rate and variability. 2021-02-10T19:51:21Z NCIT:C114083 FSE fetal scalp electrode monitoring internal fetal heart rate monitoring A technique that utilizes a wire attached to the fetal scalp to monitor fetal heart rate. The wire detects fetal cardiac electrical activity to determine the baseline fetal heart rate and variability. NCIT:C114083 FSE Recommendation for specific nutrients, vitamin supplementation, and food avoidance while pregnant. 2021-02-10T20:05:20Z pregnancy diet intake recommendation pregnancy diet intake A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from excessively hot environments in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms. 2021-02-10T21:19:31Z avoid excessive heat A recommendation to avoid infection with toxoplasmosis especially when pregnant due to serious risk of passing the infection on to the baby. 2021-02-10T21:19:55Z Cats play an important role in the spread of toxoplasmosis. They become infected by eating infected rodents, birds, or other small animals. The parasite is then passed in the cat’s feces. Kittens and cats can shed millions of parasites in their feces for as long as 3 weeks after infection. Mature cats are less likely to shed Toxoplasma if they have been previously infected. Cats and kittens prefer litter boxes, garden soils, and sandboxes for elimination, and you may be exposed unintentionally by touching your mouth after changing a litter box, or after gardening without gloves. Fruits and vegetables may have contact with contaminated soil or water also, and you can be infected by eating fruits and vegetables if they are not cooked, washed, or peeled. Risk is most profound by a pregnant mother passing toxoplasmosis to their infant. Infected infants do not have symptoms at birth but can develop serious symptoms later in life, such as blindness or mental disability. avoid toxoplasmosis exposure Cats play an important role in the spread of toxoplasmosis. They become infected by eating infected rodents, birds, or other small animals. The parasite is then passed in the cat’s feces. Kittens and cats can shed millions of parasites in their feces for as long as 3 weeks after infection. Mature cats are less likely to shed Toxoplasma if they have been previously infected. Cats and kittens prefer litter boxes, garden soils, and sandboxes for elimination, and you may be exposed unintentionally by touching your mouth after changing a litter box, or after gardening without gloves. Fruits and vegetables may have contact with contaminated soil or water also, and you can be infected by eating fruits and vegetables if they are not cooked, washed, or peeled. Risk is most profound by a pregnant mother passing toxoplasmosis to their infant. Infected infants do not have symptoms at birth but can develop serious symptoms later in life, such as blindness or mental disability. Clinical recommendation to avoid strenuous exercise that may increase heart rate and temperature. 2021-02-10T21:22:05Z abstain from excessive exercise avoid strenuous physical work avoid excessive exercise A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from lifting heavy items in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms. 2021-02-10T21:22:33Z avoid heavy lifting activities Limit activities where a great deal of balance may be required to prevent issues or help the wellbeing of a patient. 2021-02-10T21:23:13Z avoid acitivities requiring balance avoid destabilizing activities Education by care providers about nutrition, health issues, and resources for prenatal and postnatal care. 2021-02-12T20:01:45Z prenatal education counseling birth class recommendation pregnancy education counseling obsolete urine protein assessment true A measurement of the amount of sugar (glucose) in a urine sample. 2021-02-12T20:44:57Z urine glucose assessment urine glucose monitoring urine glucose testing urine glucose measurement Testing for sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Syphilis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. 2021-02-12T20:56:40Z syphylis testing syphilis screening Testing to determine whether a patient has sufficient antibodies to be protected from rubella virus or to verify infection. 2021-02-12T21:04:52Z rubella testing rubella antibody titer testing Testing to diagnose primary VZV infection (varicella) as well as reactivation (herpes zoster). 2021-02-12T21:26:02Z VZV testing chickenpox testing varicella-zoster virus testing varicella testing Screening for hepatitis B antibodies to determine if a patient has immunity to hepatitis B. 2021-02-12T21:29:21Z hep B antibody titer testing hep B testing hepatitis B testing hepatitis B assessement Testing to detect hepatitis B viral antigens and an active hepatitis B infection. 2021-02-12T21:32:40Z HBsAg testing hepatitis B surface antigen testing Testing a patient for the antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 2021-02-12T21:40:46Z HIV testing HIV screening Testing to determine if the patient has a chlamydia bacterial infection. 2021-02-12T21:51:15Z chlamydia screening Testing for the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. 2021-02-12T21:54:20Z gonorrhea testing Screening for hepatitis C antibodies to determine if a patient has immunity to hepatitis C. 2021-02-12T21:55:19Z hep C testing hepatitis C screening Collecting of blood for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z blood collection collection of blood specimen blood specimen collection Collecting of bile for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z bile collection collection of bile specimen bile specimen collection A procedure to tell what a patient's blood type and cell surface markers are. 2021-02-16T15:17:39Z blood typing procedure A procedured performed to determine the antigens patient's red blood cells (RBCs) that correspond to the four main blood groups: A, B, O, and AB. 2021-02-16T15:25:11Z ABO blood type testing ABO blood typing procedure Testing to determine whether the protien Rhesus (Rh) factor is present on patient's red blood cells. If the protein is present, the patient is said to be Rh positive. If the protein is not present, the patient is Rh negative. 2021-02-16T15:34:20Z Rh factor blood testing Rhesus factor blood testing Rh factor blood typing procedure A quantitative measurement of the amount of hemoglobin present in a sample. 2021-02-16T20:10:36Z NCIT:C64848 HGB measurement hemoglobin measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of hemoglobin present in a sample. NCIT:C64848 A determination of the number of reticulocyte in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C51947 reticulocyte count test reticulocyte count A quantitative measurement of the amount of iron in serum. 2021-02-16T20:19:31Z serum iron measurement A quantitative measurement determining the amount of ferritin in serum as an indicator of iron metabolism. 2021-02-16T20:21:40Z serum ferritin level measurement serum ferritin measurement The determination of the saturation of iron binding sites on serum transferrin proteins. 2021-02-16T20:30:55Z iron-binding capacity assessment NCIT:C74718 IBCT TIBC total iron binding content measurement total iron binding capacity measurement The determination of the saturation of iron binding sites on serum transferrin proteins. NCIT:C74718 IBCT TIBC A measurement of size, shape, number, or other parameter of blood cells in order to diagnose or treat a patient. 2021-02-16T20:40:24Z blood cell measurement A determination of the structure of erythrocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z NCIT:C92296 RBC morphology measurement erythrocyte morphology assessment red blood cell morphology measurement erythrocyte morphology measurement A procedure taking a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and stained to allow blood cells to be examined with a microscope. 2021-02-16T20:44:14Z blood film test peripheral blood film test peripheral blood smear blood smear test A quantitative measurement of the amount of creatinine present in a sample of serum. 2021-02-16T20:56:49Z NCIT:C61023 Serves to assist in the evaluation of renal function. serum creatinine measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of creatinine present in a sample of serum. NCIT:C61023 Serves to assist in the evaluation of renal function. PMID:29763080 The determination of the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone present in blood. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-16T21:03:38Z TSH level test blood thyroid stimulating hormone test thyroid stimulating hormone blood assessment thyroid-stimulating hormone test Determination of thyroxine (T4) levels in the blood as an indicator of thyroid health. 2021-02-16T21:05:40Z T4 level test thyroxine level test T4 thyroid hormone test Determination of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in blood as an indicator of thyroid health. 2021-02-16T21:05:52Z T3 level test triiodothyronine level test T3 thyroid hormone test A measure of a patient's ability to clot, and how long it takes to clot. 2021-02-16T21:13:53Z NCIT:C62662 coagulation study blood coagulation test A measurement of the length of time that it takes for clotting to occur when reagents are added to a plasma specimen. The test is partial due to the absence of tissue factor (Factor III) from the reaction mixture. 2021-02-16T21:14:12Z NCIT:C38462 APTT test PTT test activated partial thromboplastin time test partial thromboplastin time test The determination of the ratio of the prothrombin time in a subject's specimen compared to a control sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage. 2021-02-16T21:19:29Z NCIT:C170591 PT/INR measurement PTAC measurement prothrombin time actual/control measurement prothrombin time/international normalized ratio measurement The determination of the ratio of the prothrombin time in a subject's specimen compared to a control sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage. NCIT:C170591 A measurement of the time it takes a plasma sample to clot after adding the active enzyme thrombin. 2021-02-16T21:23:02Z NCIT:C80365 TCT measurement TT measurment thrombin clotting time measurement thrombin time measurement A measurement of the time it takes a plasma sample to clot after adding the active enzyme thrombin. NCIT:C80365 The determination of the amount of alanine aminotransferase (human) present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-16T21:34:21Z NCIT:C64433 ALT test GPT test SGPT test alanine aminotransferase (human) assessment alanine aminotransferase (human) test alanine transaminase measurement serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase test Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme produced mainly in the liver. When serum activity is measured, it provides a marker of hepatic disease. alanine transaminase test Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme produced mainly in the liver. When serum activity is measured, it provides a marker of hepatic disease. PMID:1992953 The determination of the amount of aspartate aminotransferase (human) present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-16T21:38:44Z NCIT:C64467 AST blood test SGOT test aspartate aminotransferase (human) assessment aspartate aminotransferase (human) test aspartate aminotransferase blood test serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase test Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are enzymes measured in serum or plasma to investigate liver disease. aspartate aminotransferase measurement Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are enzymes measured in serum or plasma to investigate liver disease. PMID:24072574 The determination of the amount of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-16T21:42:40Z NCIT:C64847 GGT test GTP test gamma-GT test gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase assessment gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase test Determination of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) present in the sample as a measurement of liver function. gamma glutamyl transpeptidase measurement Determination of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) present in the sample as a measurement of liver function. PMID:24072574 The determination of the amount of albumin (human) present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-16T21:45:46Z NCIT:C64431 ALB level test albumin (human) assessment albumin (human) test albumin assessment albumin level measurement albumin test albumin measurement The determination of the amount of alkaline phosphatase present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-16T21:50:44Z NCIT:C64432 ALP measurement alk phos test alkaline phosphatase assessment alkaline phosphatase test alkaline phosphatase measurement The measurement of the total amount of bilirubin present in a particular substrate. The substrate most often tested is blood, but other fluids extracted from the body may be used periodically depending on the purpose of the test. 2021-02-16T21:52:27Z NCIT:C38037 BILI measurement total bilirubin level measurement total bilirubin measurement The measurement of the total amount of bilirubin present in a particular substrate. The substrate most often tested is blood, but other fluids extracted from the body may be used periodically depending on the purpose of the test. NCIT:C38037 The determination of the amount of lactate dehydrogenase present in the sample. 2021-02-17T14:57:21Z NCIT:C64855 LDH measurement lactate dehydrogenase measurement The determination of the amount of 5'-nucleotidase present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-17T15:01:15Z NCIT:C79437 5 prime nucleotidase measurement 5'- nucleotidase measurement 5'-nucleotidase assessment 5'-nucleotidase test 5'-nucleotidase measurement The measurement of bilirubin present in a particular sample. 2021-02-17T15:06:51Z bilirubin measurement A measurement of the unconjugated or non-water-soluble bilirubin in a biological specimen. 2021-02-17T15:07:19Z NCIT:C64483 indirect bilirubin measurement A quantitative measurement of total protein present in the sample, usually serum or urine. 2021-02-17T15:16:41Z NCIT:C64858 total protein measurement The determination of the amount of protein present in urine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-17T15:25:01Z NCIT:C74760 protein urine assessment urine protein assessment urine protein test urine protein testing urine protein measurement The measurement of the total protein present in a urine sample that was collected over a period of 24 hours. 2021-02-17T16:13:50Z NCIT:C135567 24 hour urine for total protein 24-hour urine protein test 24-hour urine collection The measurement of the total protein present in a urine sample that was collected over a period of 24 hours. NCIT:C135567 A quantitative measurement of the total amount of protein present in a sample of serum. 2021-02-17T16:23:27Z NCIT:C61033 serum total protein measurement A quantitative measurement of the total amount of protein present in a sample of serum. NCIT:C61033 The determination of the amount of haptoglobin present in the sample. 2021-02-17T17:02:35Z NCIT:C74740 haptog measurement haptoglobin assessment haptoglobin protein measurement haptoglobin test haptoglobin measurement Determination of the types of normal or abnormal types of hemoglobin in the blood. Some types of hemoglobin are associated with sickle cell disease or anemia. 2021-02-17T19:58:00Z Hb ELP Hb electrophoresis measurement hemoglobin evaluation hemoglobin fractionation hemoglobinopathy evaluation sickle cell screen hemoglobin electrophoresis test Determination of serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Maternal levels of PAPP-A increase throughout the pregnancy. Low levels during pregnancy are associated with Down syndrome and trisomy 18. 2021-02-17T20:59:28Z pregnancy-associated plasma protein A test serum PAPP-A measurement A test that involves administration of a know quantity of glucose as a means of screening for glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus. Typically a baseline (fasting plasma or serum glucose) is drawn prior to the administration of the glucose bolus. Serial plasma glucose levels are obtained (e.g. 30min, 1hr, 2hr, 3hr) and a plot of plasma glucose versus time is created. Comparison of these values against standardized results can be used in establishing the diagnosis of glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus. 2021-02-17T21:38:54Z NCIT:C45946 glucose tolerance test A test that involves administration of a know quantity of glucose as a means of screening for glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus. Typically a baseline (fasting plasma or serum glucose) is drawn prior to the administration of the glucose bolus. Serial plasma glucose levels are obtained (e.g. 30min, 1hr, 2hr, 3hr) and a plot of plasma glucose versus time is created. Comparison of these values against standardized results can be used in establishing the diagnosis of glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus. NCIT:C45946 A test or diagnostic examination to assess the health status and well being of the fetus. 2021-02-18T14:38:59Z fetal assessment fetal exam foetal examination fetal examination A test or diagnostic examination to assess the health status and well being of the fetus. NCIT:C92714 A series of maneuvers to determine the position and presenting part of the fetus with respect to the maternal pelvic canal in preparation for labor and the birth process. 2021-02-18T14:53:47Z NCIT:C92737 fetal presentation assessment fetal position assessment assessment of fetal presentation A series of maneuvers to determine the position and presenting part of the fetus with respect to the maternal pelvic canal in preparation for labor and the birth process. NCIT:C92737 The use of pharmacological and/or mechanical methods to initiate labor, including spontaneous rupture of membranes without contractions. Examples of methods include: artificial rupture of membranes, balloons, oxytocin, prostaglandin, laminaria, or other cervical ripening agents. (adapted from reVITALize) 2021-02-18T15:06:07Z NCIT:C92814 induction of labor labor induction The use of pharmacological and/or mechanical methods to initiate labor, including spontaneous rupture of membranes without contractions. Examples of methods include: artificial rupture of membranes, balloons, oxytocin, prostaglandin, laminaria, or other cervical ripening agents. (adapted from reVITALize) NCIT:C92814 obsolete fetal Doppler velocimetry true A method to assess fetal oxygenation status during labor and delivery using a noninvasive reflectance pulse oximeter. 2021-02-18T15:16:22Z fetal pulse oximetry A method to assess fetal oxygenation status during labor and delivery using a noninvasive reflectance pulse oximeter. NCIT:C92794 The determination of the amount of protein present in blood. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-17T15:25:01Z blood protein test protein blood assessment protein measurement in blood A systemic evaluation of the abdomen using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion during pregnancy to determine the health of the mother and fetus. 2021-05-27T15:12:17Z abdominal examination during pregnancy pregnant abdomen examination obstetric abdominal examination A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in urine or serum for the purpose of determining whether the patient is pregnant. 2021-05-27T19:38:10Z HCG pregnancy test pregnancy HCG test A systemic evaluation of the cervix during pregnancy to determine dilation and effacement of the cervix, cervical position and consistancy, and fetal position. 2021-06-07T18:34:00Z cervical exam while pregnant obstetric examination of the cervix. pregnant cervical exam obstetric cervical examination An evaluation of the breast using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion for the specific purpose of identifying breast changes which may be cancer. 2021-06-07T18:51:49Z cancer breast exam cancer screening breast examination A test that evaluates of the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing and is used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different frequencies. 2021-06-07T21:03:43Z hearing assessment hearing exam hearing test hearing examination The determination of the amount of albumin (human) present in the sample in order to assess the liver's function. 2021-06-08T14:05:06Z albumin test for liver function assessment liver function albumin test albumin test for liver function The determination of the amount of 5'-nucleotidase present in the sample to assess liver function. 2021-06-08T14:17:21Z 5'-nucleotidase test for liver function assessment liver function 5'-nucleotidase measurement liver function 5'-nucleotidase test 5'-nucleotidase measurement for liver function The determination of the amount of alkaline phosphatase present in the sample for assessment of liver function. 2021-06-08T14:20:25Z alkaline phosphatase measurement for liver function assessment liver function alk phos test liver function alkaline phosphatase measurement alkaline phosphatase measurement for liver function A quantitative measurement of the amount of calcium present in a sample, usually serum or urine for the assessment of liver function. 2021-06-08T14:23:54Z calcium test for liver function assessement liver function calcium test calcium assessment for liver function The determination of the amount of lactate dehydrogenase present in the sample to assess liver function. 2021-06-08T14:34:11Z lactate dehydrogenase measurement for liver assessment The measurement of the total amount of bilirubin present in a particular substrate in order to assess liver function. The substrate most often tested is blood, but other fluids extracted from the body may be used periodically depending on the purpose of the test. 2021-06-08T14:47:38Z total bilirubin measurement for assessment of liver function A measurement of the unconjugated or non-water-soluble bilirubin in a biological specimen to assess liver function. 2021-06-08T15:31:21Z indirect bilirubin measurement for assessment of liver function The use of operant conditioning, including rewards and punishments, in helping a person create an atmosphere where he or she does not contribute to painful stimuli. 2021-08-05T17:18:12Z NCIT:C15184 behavior conditioning therapy behavioral modification behavioral treatment behavioural intervention behavioural modification behavioral intervention The use of operant conditioning, including rewards and punishments, in helping a person create an atmosphere where he or she does not contribute to painful stimuli. NCIT:C15184 A type of psychotherapy utilized to treat different forms of mental disorders.The treatment involves the identification of unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and behaviors and the subsequent replacement with behaviors that are beneficial and constructive. 2021-08-05T17:53:44Z NCIT:C64345 cognitive therapy cognitive behavior therapy A type of psychotherapy utilized to treat different forms of mental disorders.The treatment involves the identification of unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and behaviors and the subsequent replacement with behaviors that are beneficial and constructive. NCIT:C64345 The use of operant conditioning to alter a person's dietary choices and behaviors. 2021-08-05T17:56:02Z NCIT:C67021 behavioral dietary intervention The use of operant conditioning to alter a person's dietary choices and behaviors. NCIT:C67021 A surgical procedure that leads to the removal of body part or body fluid. 2021-08-05T19:16:15Z surgical removal procedure A laboratory procedure that evaluates the kidney function. 2021-08-06T18:59:22Z NCIT:C74972 renal function test kidney function testing A laboratory procedure that evaluates the kidney function. NCIT:C74972 A measurement of the volume of fluid filtered from the renal glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time. 2021-08-09T13:28:29Z GFR test glomerular filtration rate test GFR test An estimated rate of glomerular filtration is calculated from blood creatinine test, age, body size and gender. 2021-08-09T15:51:41Z eGFR test estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation Removal of hard deposits made of minerals and salts also called 'kidney stones' or 'renal calculi' by any of a number of methods. 2021-08-09T16:22:26Z kidney stone removal renal calculi removal Removal of hard deposits made of minerals and salts also called 'stones' or 'calculi' by any of a number of methods. Stones can be found in the kidney, gallbladder, urethra, salivary gland or other ducts. 2021-08-09T16:46:18Z stone removal calculi removal A procedure to break a stone into small particles that can be more easily cleared from the body. 2021-08-09T17:17:19Z NCIT:C51994 lithotripsy A procedure to break a stone into small particles that can be more easily cleared from the body. NCIT:C51994 A treatment to remove kidney snotes by sending ultrasonic energy/shock waves directly to the stone. 2021-08-09T17:20:00Z kidney lithotripsy renal lithotripsy A scope is inserted in the urinary tract to locate the stone. Using an optical fiber, laser light is directly emitted to the stone causing stone fragmentation. 2021-08-09T17:21:56Z laser lithotripsy Using a lithotripter to aim sound waves directly at stones through the body, the shock waves break down stones or calculi which are then able to pass. 2021-08-09T17:22:14Z ESWL extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy shock wave lithotripsy shock-wave lithotripsy extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ESWL A small cut is made through the patient's back and a nephroscope is inserted to locate and remove the kidney stone. 2021-08-09T18:17:54Z percutaneous nephrolithotomy obsolete ureteroscopy true A ureteroscope is inserted into the ureter and a wire basket inserted through the tube to remove the stone(s). In addition, a laser or other mechanical device can be used to break up the stone(s). 2021-08-09T18:26:36Z ureteroscopic stone removal Treatment with an antimetabolite that affects the metabolism and utilization of purines. 2021-08-09T19:15:23Z NCIT:C1556 purine inhibitor agent therapy purine antagonist agent therapy A procedure that displays the electrical activity of the heart. 2021-08-09T19:19:35Z NCIT:C38053 ECG EKG electrocardiogram procedure electrocardiography A procedure that displays the electrical activity of the heart. NCIT:C38053 ECG EKG Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid. It is often a treatment for pain, fever, inflammation or to reduce risk of heart attack. 2021-08-10T14:35:53Z acetylsalicylic acid therapy treatment with aspirin aspirin therapy Treatment with an inhibitor that inteferes with the action of alpha-glucosidase. 2021-08-10T14:39:44Z CHEBI:67239 alpha-glucosidase inhibitor therapy Treatment with one of a group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. It is often used to treat anxiety. 2021-08-10T14:58:25Z CHEBI:22720 benzodiazepine agent therapy Treatment with a pharmaceutical agent that inhibits T-type calcium channels. 2021-08-10T15:05:39Z T-type calcium channel antagonist therapy T-type calcium channel blocking agent therapy Treatment with a pharmaceutical agent that inhibits L-type calcium channels. 2021-08-10T15:10:56Z L-type calcium channel antagonist therapy L-type calcium channel blocking agent therapy Treatment with a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. 2021-08-10T15:15:41Z PDE inhibitor therapy phosphodiesterase inhibitor therapy An agent or drug used to reduce or control weight. 2021-08-10T18:20:00Z weight loss pharmacotherapy Treatment with an agent or drug to reduce or control weight in obese patients. 2021-08-10T18:21:20Z CHEBI:74518 anti-obesity agent therapy The management of pain by interventional procedures, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, psychological counseling, or complementary and alternative medical therapies designed to treat or alleviate pain specifically for patients receiving palliative care treatment. 2021-08-11T14:13:00Z pain management for palliative care A measurement or assessment to determine if a patient's sleep is disrupted. 2021-08-11T14:52:56Z assessement for sleep disorders sleep assessment sleep disturbance screening assessment for sleep disturbance A questionnaire designed to determine sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, or other issues related to having restful sleep. 2021-08-11T14:56:38Z sleep assessment questionnaire Use of a portable device (actigraph) to study sleep-wake patterns and circadian rhythms by assessing movement. 2021-08-11T14:59:42Z actigraphy Use of a portable device (actigraph) to study sleep-wake patterns and circadian rhythms by assessing movement. PMID:26608435 A group of tests (usually central electroencephalogram (EEG) (C3 or C4), reference occipital EEG (O1 or O2), right and left electro-oculogram (EOG), mental or submental electromylogram (EMG), thoracic effort, abdominal effort, nasal and oral airflow, a microphone to record snoring, pulse oxygen saturation, EKG, and video recording to document body positions during sleep) taken during sleep. 2021-08-11T15:00:34Z NCIT:C114185 PSG polysomnography A group of tests (usually central electroencephalogram (EEG) (C3 or C4), reference occipital EEG (O1 or O2), right and left electro-oculogram (EOG), mental or submental electromylogram (EMG), thoracic effort, abdominal effort, nasal and oral airflow, a microphone to record snoring, pulse oxygen saturation, EKG, and video recording to document body positions during sleep) taken during sleep. PMID:26608435 PSG obsolete airway endoscopy true Insertion of a tube into a blocked passageway, such as a blood vessel, to keep it open. 2021-08-11T16:01:02Z stenting placement of a stent A tube-shaped medical device is inserted into the nasal passage to prevent obstruction of the airway. 2021-08-11T16:26:00Z placement of nasal stent placement of nasopharyngeal stent insertion of a nasopharyngeal stent An initial evaluation by a professional trained and qualified to provide nutritional services at individual, institutional and community levels in term of assessing nutritional needs. 2021-08-11T17:06:20Z NCIT:C28248 nutritionist evaluation dietician evaluation An initial evaluation by a trained and certified individual who applies knowledge of the concepts, principles, and practices of physical therapy for the treatment or prevention of physical disability or disease. 2021-08-11T17:11:32Z NCIT:C53422 physiotherapist evaluation physical therapist evaluation An initial assessment by a professional trained and qualified to perform technical work concerned with administering therapeutic and diagnostic respiratory care and life support to patients with cardiopulmonary deficiencies and abnormalities. 2021-08-11T17:34:31Z NCIT:C53425 respiratory therapist evaluation An initial assessment by a professionally trained person who is employed in the administration of charity, social service, and welfare. The assistance this professional provides helps disadvantaged individuals and families adjust themselves to the community. 2021-08-11T17:59:26Z NCIT:C28190 social worker evaluation A general assessment of the overall health of a newborn. 2021-08-11T19:22:27Z NCIT:C84749 newborn examination A general assessment of the overall health of a newborn. NCIT:C84749 The assessment of behavior in neonates. 2021-08-11T19:25:11Z NCIT:C81314 newborn behavior examination The assessment of behavior in neonates. NCIT:C81314 A test conducted at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth to determine the overall health of the newborn. 2021-08-11T19:31:30Z NCIT:C81230 Apgar testing Any method used to elicit a fetal heart rate acceleration response during labor. 2021-08-11T19:47:14Z NCIT:C114084 intrapartum fetal stimulation Any method used to elicit a fetal heart rate acceleration response during labor. NCIT:C114084 Determination of the newborn's heart rate. 2021-08-11T20:53:10Z NCIT:C87103 newborn heart rate measurement A procedure during labor in which the occiput is manually rotated from posterior to anterior. 2021-08-11T20:56:18Z NCIT:C114133 manual fetal rotation A procedure during labor in which the occiput is manually rotated from posterior to anterior. NCIT:C114133 A manual method of maneuvering the fetus from outside the mother's abdomen to convert a breech into a cephalic presentation. 2021-08-11T20:58:11Z NCIT:C92776 external fetal rotation A manual method of maneuvering the fetus from outside the mother's abdomen to convert a breech into a cephalic presentation. NCIT:C92776 The treatment of communication disorders (speech disorders and language disorders), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, and swallowing disorders. 2021-08-12T13:17:16Z NCIT:C159273 speech language therapy speech therapy The treatment of communication disorders (speech disorders and language disorders), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, and swallowing disorders. NCIT:C159273 An initial assessment by a person who specializes in the study of mind and behavior or in the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. 2021-08-12T13:32:47Z NCIT:C28181 psychologist evaluation The neurophysiologic exploration of the electrical activity of the brain by the application of electrodes to the scalp. The resulting traces are known as an electroencephalogram (EEG). This test is used to assess brain damage, epilepsy and other problems. 2021-08-12T13:47:43Z NCIT:C38054 EEG electroencephalography The neurophysiologic exploration of the electrical activity of the brain by the application of electrodes to the scalp. The resulting traces are known as an electroencephalogram (EEG). This test is used to assess brain damage, epilepsy and other problems. NCIT:C38054 EEG Treatment with a synthetic enzyme or mixture of enzymes used to replace or supplement enzymes to treat enzyme deficiency. 2021-08-12T13:51:53Z NCIT:C29726 enzyme replacement or supplementation therapy Detection of phosphoethanolamine in urine. 2021-08-12T13:57:56Z urine phosphoethanolamine measurement The determination of the amount of bone specific alkaline phosphatase present in a sample. 2021-08-12T14:00:14Z NCIT:C92287 ALPBS test bone ALP measurement bone specific alkaline phosphatase measurement The determination of the amount of bone specific alkaline phosphatase present in a sample. NCIT:C92287 ALPBS test bone ALP measurement Measurement of alkaline phosphatase enzamatic activity in a biological sample. 2021-08-12T14:13:09Z alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity test The determination of the amount of inorganic pyrophosphate present in a sample. 2021-08-12T15:24:26Z NCIT:C161358 PPI measurement PPi measurement inorganic pyrophosphate measurement PPI measurement PPi measurement Open brain surgery to remove part of the brain causing seizures. 2021-08-12T15:36:25Z resective brain surgery Procedure to arouse the body or parts to increase functional activity. 2021-08-12T15:41:57Z stimulation procedure Placement of a stimulator electrode in the part of the brain causing seizures. 2021-08-12T15:44:05Z RNS responsive neurostimulation Stimulation of the nerves that are outside of the heart. 2021-08-12T15:47:24Z extracardiac nerve stimulation A procedure that uses a device to stimulate the vagus nerve with electrical impulses. 2021-08-12T19:05:29Z vagus nerve stimulation A neurosurgical procedure involving the placement of a medical device called a neurostimulator (sometimes referred to as a "brain pacemaker"), which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia.[1] and other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and epilepsy. 2021-08-12T19:24:31Z DBS deep brain stimulation A neurosurgical procedure involving the placement of a medical device called a neurostimulator (sometimes referred to as a "brain pacemaker"), which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia.[1] and other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and epilepsy. DBS The use of skin electrodes to pass a low intensity, pulsed electrical current through the scalp and into the brain. This procedure is used to treat a variety of illnesses including anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. 2021-08-12T19:29:07Z NCIT:C116561 cranial electrical stimulation An invasive procedure to stimulate the spinal cord to aid in the management of chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs, including unilateral or bilateral pain. 2021-08-12T19:30:24Z spinal cord stimulation Any surgical procedure conducted on the nervous system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-08-12T19:44:10Z nervous system surgical procedure neurosurgery neurosurgical procedure surgical procedure on nervous system Surgery performed on any part of the brain. 2021-08-12T19:45:31Z NCIT:C154268 brain surgery Surgery performed on any part of the brain. NCIT:C154268 Surgical creation of an opening of the skull. 2021-08-12T19:47:17Z cranial surgery NCIT:C15214 craniotomy Surgical creation of an opening of the skull. NCIT:C15214 Treatment with a hormone that is naturally produced in the thyroid. When calcitonin given to patients with osteoporosis, calcitonin produces modest increases in bone mass because it slows the rate at which osteoclasts absorb bone. 2021-08-12T19:57:09Z calcitonin therapy calcitonin treatment Supportive therapy involves the teaching of such life skills as managing medication, learning to socialize, handling finances, and getting a job. 2021-08-12T20:10:44Z supportive care Therapeutic care designed to maintain the natural processes of the body and return to a more normal state of health. 2021-08-12T20:14:31Z physiological support therapy Therapeutic care designed to maintain the natural processes of the body and return to a more normal state of health. NCIT:C66895 Delivery of fluids to the body by any methods necessary. 2021-08-12T20:16:16Z hydration therapy Use of isotonic saline intravenously. 2021-08-12T20:16:36Z saline hydration Treatment with a set of compounds that allow osteoblasts (bone building cells) to work more effectively, improving bone mass. Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, and may be used to lower high calcium levels. 2021-08-12T20:21:07Z bisphosphonate agent therapy Bi-level positive airway pressure (or trade name BiPAP) delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. 2021-08-13T20:17:37Z BiPAP Two new ventilatory techniques with almost identical names have been developed for adults: BiPAP(trademark) and BIPAP. BiPAP is a trade name derived from 'bi-level positive airway pressure'. BiPAP delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. In contrast, BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube. bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation Bi-level positive airway pressure (or trade name BiPAP) delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. PMID:11353935 BiPAP Two new ventilatory techniques with almost identical names have been developed for adults: BiPAP(trademark) and BIPAP. BiPAP is a trade name derived from 'bi-level positive airway pressure'. BiPAP delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. In contrast, BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube. PMID:11353935 Biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation (BIPAP) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube. 2021-08-13T20:22:51Z BIPAP Recently two new ventilatory techniques with almost identical names have been developed for adults: BiPAP(trademark) and BIPAP. BiPAP is a trade name derived from 'bi-level positive airway pressure'. BiPAP delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. In contrast, BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube. biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation Biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation (BIPAP) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube. PMID:11353935 BIPAP Recently two new ventilatory techniques with almost identical names have been developed for adults: BiPAP(trademark) and BIPAP. BiPAP is a trade name derived from 'bi-level positive airway pressure'. BiPAP delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. In contrast, BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube. PMID:11353935 A procedure where filtering membrane is created for fluid to move out of the front chamber of the eye to underneath the superficial tissues around it (conjunctiva) and thus lowering the presure of the eye. 2023-02-24T17:30:45Z NPDS non-penetrating deep sclerectomy deep sclerectomy Canaloplasty is a modification of viscocanalostomy, in which an additional intracanalicular stent is inserted to maintain canal patency and enhance the circumferential flow. 2023-02-24T17:31:07Z canaloplasty A procedure that is a variation of a deep sclerectomy procedure. This procedure involves unroofing and dilation of the Schlemm’s canal without penetrating the trabecular meshwork or anterior chamber. A high-viscosity viscoelastic solution is injected to dilate the canal and create a passage from the canal to a scleral reservoir, thereby reducing intraocular pressure. 2023-02-24T17:34:27Z viscocanalostomy A procedure to reduce intraocular pressure by enhancing the natural aqueous outflow channels, while reducing outflow resistance located in the inner wall of the Schlemm's canal and the juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork. 2023-02-24T17:51:12Z NPGS non-penetrating filtrating surgery non-penetrating glaucoma surgery The surgery creates an alternative pathway for fluid to leave the eye. A small channel, or 'bleb' is created to allow fluid to drain from the eye. 2023-02-24T17:54:23Z filtering sugery filtrating glaucoma surgery incisional glaucoma surgery glaucoma filtration surgery The construction of a passage between a cavity or hollow organ to the surface of the body often to help drain bodily fluid. 2023-02-27T18:00:04Z NCIT:C15290 construction of a stoma ostomy surgical procedure This technique surgically creates the patient’s anus within the sphincter muscle. 2023-02-27T21:28:55Z posterior sagittal anorectoplasty A diagnostic procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the eye and visual system. 2023-02-24T19:03:34Z ophthalmological diagnostic procedure ophthalmology diagnostic procedure ophthalmic diagnostic procedure A noninvasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina, retinal nerve fiber layer and the optic nerve head. 2023-02-24T19:20:56Z OCT optical coherence tomography A noninvasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina, retinal nerve fiber layer and the optic nerve head. PMID:23429598 An examination of the anterior chamber of the eye with a lens that is placed against the eye as a part of a slit-lamp examination. 2023-02-24T19:25:28Z slit-lamp gonioscopy gonioscopy A test to assess the ability to focus on and discern objects, colors, depth, etc. 2023-02-24T19:28:40Z NCIT:C156778 vision screening vision test vision assessment Assessment of the parameters of eye movement, including horizontal and vertical rotations of the eye, opening or closing of the eyes in response to stimuli, pupil response to light, and blink reflex. 2023-02-24T19:31:14Z NCIT:C162707 eye movement assessment eye movement measurement A test performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes. 2023-02-24T19:35:05Z NCIT:C38060 slit-lamp examination A method in which pressure is applied to the surface of the cornea in order to flatten a prespecified area of the membrane, which is used to calculate intraocular pressure. 2023-02-24T19:38:54Z IOP measurement intraocular pressure measurement tonometry A method in which a constant pressure is applied to the surface of the cornea in order to flatten a prespecified area of the membrane, which is used to calculate intraocular pressure. 2023-02-24T19:40:23Z NCIT:C120682 applanation tonometry A method in which a probe is bounced off of the surface of the cornea, creating an induction current that is used to calculate intraocular pressure. 2023-02-24T19:41:43Z NCIT:C120703 rebound tonometry The surgeon makes small incisions in the abdomen in order to insert an endoscope into the body. The endoscope can either clear the blockage, or remove the portion of intestines without nerves. The healthy portions of intestines are then reconnected in order to allow stool to pass through. 2023-02-27T21:33:53Z TERPT transanal endorectal pull-through procedure pull-through procedure A techniqhe which positions the neorectum accurately inside the sphincter complex without dividing any of these muscles. 2023-02-27T21:48:16Z LAARP laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of a particular by part or system. 2023-03-29T20:10:49Z diagnostic procedure by body location diagnostic procedure by site The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of a particular body site. 2023-03-30T17:40:25Z computed tomography procedure by body location CT by site A specimen collection from a particular body site used for diagnostic purposes. 2023-03-30T17:56:49Z biopsy by body location clinical biopsy by site A procedure to take off or remove part or entire nail. 2023-03-31T14:53:59Z nail removal removal of nail Reduction in the thickness and length of the nail. Often used to remove thickened nails due to fungal infection. 2023-03-31T14:54:13Z nail debridement Debridement can be done by filing or drilling or other methods. debridement of nail Removal or elimination of a portion of skin for therapeutic use. 2023-03-31T15:11:49Z removal of skin Removal of dead (necrotic) or infected skin to help a wound heal. 2023-03-31T18:20:39Z debridement of skin Removing slough from a wound. 2023-03-31T18:20:54Z removal of slough from skin desloughing of skin Addition of a softening or soothing agent to the skin. 2023-03-31T19:02:52Z use of emollient emollient application to skin use of skin emollients application of emollient to skin Determination of shape of body or body parts. This may be used to assess symmetry, number, size, and shape of a patient's body or body parts. 2023-04-13T16:06:37Z body shape assessment Determination of shape, symmetry, and/or size of face. 2023-04-13T16:10:13Z facial morphology assessment Determination of shape, symmetry, and/or size of head. 2023-04-13T16:11:14Z head morphology assessment The principle of functional MRI imaging is to take a series of images of an organ in quick succession and to statistically analyze the images for differences among them. Most commonly used in studies of brain function. 2019-04-26T20:04:29Z NCIT:C17958 Functional MRI fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging procedure The principle of functional MRI imaging is to take a series of images of an organ in quick succession and to statistically analyze the images for differences among them. Most commonly used in studies of brain function. NCIT:C17958 Functional MRI fMRI Gene therapy involves the use of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) for the treatment, cure or prevention of human disorders. 2019-05-07T16:28:50Z NCIT:C15238 SCDO:0001344 DNA therapy gene therapies gene transfer procedure genetic therapy gene therapy Gene therapy involves the use of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) for the treatment, cure or prevention of human disorders. PMID:24106209 The goal of immunotherapy is to induce anti-disease (usually tumor) responses by reprogramming and augmenting immune surveillance, and reducing immune suppression. 2019-05-07T16:32:45Z NCIT:C15262 OGMS:0000114 immune therapy immunologically directed therapy immunotherapy procedure The goal of immunotherapy is to induce anti-disease (usually tumor) responses by reprogramming and augmenting immune surveillance, and reducing immune suppression. PMID:29242097 Treatment with a drug that deters or encourages the cessation of drinking alcohol. 2019-05-15T16:33:57Z alcohol deterrent drug treatment alcohol deterrent agent therapy Treatment with a drug that deters smoking or encourages the cessation of smoking tobacco. 2019-05-15T16:44:49Z smoking cessation drug treatment smoking cessation agent therapy An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists. 2019-05-15T16:45:09Z CHEBI:60605 NCIT:C681 opiate antagonist agent therapy opioid antagonist drug treatment opioid antagonist agent therapy An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists. CHEBI:60605 obsolete hematopoeitic cell count true A determination of the number of erythrocyte in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C51946 erythrocyte count test red blood cell count red cell count erythrocyte count A determination of the number of platelet in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C51951 platelet count test thrombocyte count platelet count A determination of the number of neutrophil in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z neutrophil count test neutrophil count A determination of the number of leukocyte in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C51948 WBC leukocyte count test white blood cell count leukocyte count WBC Measuring the body or its parts. 2023-04-13T16:22:35Z body measurement Measuring the distance around (circumference) a patient's waist. 2023-04-13T16:49:17Z waist measurement A measurement of circumference around the hip. 2023-04-13T16:49:27Z hip measurement A recommendation of abstaining or avoiding any medical action that might normally be clinically prescribed. 2019-06-12T14:22:47Z avoid medical action recommendation avoidance of a medical action medical action avoidance Avoid the administration or use of aerobic exercise therapy. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z avoid aerobic exercise therapy avoiding aerobic exercise therapy aerobic exercise therapy avoidance Inoculating an individual with either killed or live agents to prevent contraction of a disease. 2019-06-14T15:47:12Z EFO:0004292 IDOMAL:0001040 NCIT:C15258 VO:0000002 vaccination Inoculating an individual with either killed or live agents to prevent contraction of a disease. NCIT:C15258 Nutrition intake is the process of taking in of nutrients, especially by eating or drinking, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. 2019-07-23T18:14:54Z nutrient consumption nutrient intake nutrition consumption nutritional intake take nourishment dietary intake eating food consumption food intake ingesting nutrition intake Nutrition intake is the process of taking in of nutrients, especially by eating or drinking, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. Addition of vitamin supplement, prenatal to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z NCIT:C92860 antenatal supplementation antenatal vitamin supplement treatment antenatal vitamin treatment dietary supplementation of vitamin supplement, prenatal prenatal vitamin supplement treatment supplementation of vitamin supplement, prenatal supplementation with prenatal vitamin treatment with prenatal supplements vitamin supplement, prenatal supplemental intake A vitamin enriched supplement containing higher doses for specific nutrients such as folic acid, intended for women before, during and after pregnancy and also during their lactating phase. prenatal vitamin supplementation A vitamin enriched supplement containing higher doses for specific nutrients such as folic acid, intended for women before, during and after pregnancy and also during their lactating phase. NCIT:C92860 A therapy utilizing a substance that produces loss of consciousness. 2019-07-24T15:53:13Z CHEBI:38869 general anaesthetic agents therapy general anaesthetic medication therapy general anaesthetics therapy general anesthesia therapy general anesthesia treatment general anesthetic medication therapy general anesthetics therapy treatment with general anaesthetic general anesthetic agent therapy Use of a drug or therapy to treat or prevent microbial infections. 2019-07-24T16:13:47Z CHEBI:36043 antimicrobial drug treatment antimicrobial treatment treatment with an anti-microbial agent treatment with an anti-microbial drug treatment with an anti-microbial medication treatment with an antimicrobial agent treatment with an antimicrobial drug treatment with an antimicrobial medication treatment with antimicrobial drug antimicrobial agent therapy Use of a loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. 2019-07-24T19:33:44Z CHEBI:35471 psychoactive agent therapy psychoactive drug treatment psychopharmaceutical therapy psychotropic agent drug therapy psychotropic drug treatment treatment with psychotropic drug psychotropic agent therapy obsolete tranquilizing agent therapy true A ratio determined by waist measurement divided by hip measurement. 2023-04-13T16:50:13Z waist to hip ratio measurement waist to hip ratio calculation Therapy using any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects adrenergic signal transduction. 2019-07-25T14:32:48Z CHEBI:37962 NCIT:C29747 adrenergic agent drug treatment treatment with adrenergic agent treatment with adrenergic drug treatment with adrenergic medication adrenergic drug therapy Treatment with an agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors. 2019-07-25T14:42:00Z CHEBI:35522 treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist agent treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist drug treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist medication beta-adrenergic agonist therapy Determination of shape, symmetry, and/or size of face using a particular method. 2023-04-13T16:53:56Z facial morphology assessment by type The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pharyngeal tonsil. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C51697 adenoid removal pharyngeal tonsil surgical removal removal of adenoids removal of nasopharyngeal tonsil removal of tonsil of Luschka removal of tonsilla pharyngealis adenoidectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of adrenal gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z adrenal gland surgical removal adrenalectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of tooth root. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z tooth root surgical removal apicoectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C51687 appendicectomy appendix removal removal of appendix vermiform appendix surgical removal appendectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of skeletal joint. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z removal of a joint skeletal joint surgical removal arthectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of ear. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z ear surgical removal auriculectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of synovial bursa. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z bursa removal removal of bursa synovial bursa surgical removal bursectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cardia of stomach. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z cardia of stomach surgical removal cardiectomy cardiectomy of stomach gastric cardiectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of head. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z decapitation head surgical removal cephalectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of uterine cervix. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z cervix removal removal of cervix uterine cervix surgical removal cervicectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gallbladder. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C51676 gallbladder surgical removal cholecystectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of optic choroid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z optic choroid surgical removal removal of choroid layer of they eye choroidectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of clitoris. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z clitorectomy clitoris surgical removal clitoridectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15209 colon surgical removal colectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cranium. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C51791 cranium surgical removal craniectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of urinary bladder. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15217 bladder removal removal of the bladder urinary bladder surgical removal Can mean the removal of the urinary bladder or the surgical removal of a cyst. cystectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of bony vertebral centrum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z body of vertebrae removal bony vertebral centrum surgical removal corpus vertebra removal corpus vertebrae removal vertebral body removal vertebrectomy corpectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of intervertebral disk. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C21009 intervertebral disk surgical removal removal of intervertebral disc removal of spinal disc discectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of digestive tract diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z digestive tract diverticulum surgical removal digestive tract diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of thyroid diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z thyroid diverticulum surgical removal thyroid diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of hepatic diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z hepatic diverticulum surgical removal hepatic diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of duodenum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z duodenum surgical removal enterectomy pancreas-sparing duodenectomy small bowel resection duodenectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of sympathetic nerve trunk. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z sympathetic nerve trunk surgical removal endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of esophagus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z esophagus surgical removal oesophagectomy esophagectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of stomach. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z stomach surgical removal gastrectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of tongue. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z tongue surgical removal glossectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gonad. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z gonad surgical removal gonadectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of liver. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z liver surgical removal hepatectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pituitary gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z hypophysis removal pituitary gland surgical removal hypophysectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of uterus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z uterus surgical removal hysterectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of iris. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z iris surgical removal iridectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cornea. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z cornea surgical removal keratectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z vertebra surgical removal laminectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of larynx. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z larynx surgical removal lymph node dissection laryngectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of lymph node. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z lymph node surgical removal lymphadenectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of breast. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z breast surgical removal mastectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of kidney. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z kidney surgical removal nephrectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of nerve. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z nerve surgical removal neurectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of ovary. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z female gonad removal ovariectomy ovary surgical removal removal of female genitalia removal of female gonad removal of female reproductive system gonada removal of gonada of female oophorectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of testis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z castration orchidectomy removal of male genitalia gonad removal of testicles testis surgical removal orchiectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of bone tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z bone tissue surgical removal ostectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pancreas. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z pancreas surgical removal pancreatectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of panniculus adiposus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C51597 panniculus adiposus surgical removal abdominal panniculectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of parathyroid gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z parathyroid gland surgical removal parathyroid removal parathyroidectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pineal body. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z pineal body surgical removal removal of pineal gland pinealectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of lung. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z lung surgical removal pneumectomy pneumonectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of skin of prepuce of penis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z circumcision forskin removal skin of prepuce of penis surgical removal posthectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of fallopian tube. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z fallopian tube surgical removal salpingectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of spleen. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z spleen surgical removal splenectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of synovial membrane of synovial joint. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z synovial membrane of synovial joint surgical removal synovectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of thymus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z thymus surgical removal thymectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of thyroid gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z thyroid gland surgical removal thyroidectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of palatine tonsil. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z palatine tonsil surgical removal tonsillectomy A surgical procedure aimed at lowering the intraocular pressure by producing an outflow of aqueous humour through a drainage passage created in the sclera between the anterior chamber and the subconjunctival space. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:12:12Z eye trabecular meshwork surgical removal The filtering procedure involves full thickness penetration of sclera to remove a small portion of the trabecular meshwork or surrounding tissue; it bypasses the natural outflow system by diverting aqueous humor from the anterior chamber into a subconjunctival reservoir with a filtering bleb on the eye. Antifibrotic agents, such as mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil, may be used intraoperatively and postoperatively to reduce scarring and prevent closure of the new channel. trabeculectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vagina. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z vagina surgical removal vaginectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vas deferens. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z vas deferens surgical removal vasectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vitreous humor. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z vitreous humor surgical removal vitrectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of mammalian vulva. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z mammalian vulva surgical removal vulvectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of penis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z penis surgical removal penectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Pulmonary bulla. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Pulmonary bulla surgical removal bullectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Hallux valgus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C96171 Hallux valgus surgical removal bunion removal removal of bunion bunionectomy Computer aided analysis of 3D facial images to detect abnormal facial phenotypes that assist in diagnosis, treatment monitoring and surgical planning. 2023-04-13T16:54:13Z '3D facial assessment' three dimensional facial analysis three dimensional facial assessment 3D facial analysis Computer aided analysis of 3D facial images to detect abnormal facial phenotypes that assist in diagnosis, treatment monitoring and surgical planning. PMID:34108542 Surgical removal of an abnormal pouch of the lining of the small intestine (bowel). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Meckel diverticulum surgical removal Meckel's diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Cardiac diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Cardiac diverticulum surgical removal cardiac diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Esophageal diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Esophageal diverticulum surgical removal esophageal diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Gastric diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Gastric diverticulum surgical removal gastric diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Renal diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Renal diverticulum surgical removal renal diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Bladder diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Bladder diverticulum surgical removal bladder diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Urethral diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Urethral diverticulum surgical removal uethral diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Fibrous cardiac diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Fibrous cardiac diverticulum surgical removal fibrous cardiac diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Muscular cardiac diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Muscular cardiac diverticulum surgical removal muscular cardiac diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Spinal meningeal diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Spinal meningeal diverticulum surgical removal spinal meningeal diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Coronary sinus diverticulum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Coronary sinus diverticulum surgical removal coronary sinus diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Thromboembolism. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Thromboembolism surgical removal thromboembolectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Pulmonary embolism. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Pulmonary embolism surgical removal pulmonary embolectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Arterial calcification. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C52002 Arterial calcification surgical removal endarterectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Neoplasm of the breast. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15755 Neoplasm of the breast surgical removal breast segmental resection breast wide local lumpectomy of breast excision partial mastectomy tylectomy Surgery to remove abnormal tissue or cancer from the breast and a small amount of normal tissue around it. It is a type of breast-sparing surgery. NCIT:C15755 lumpectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Uterine leiomyoma. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z NCIT:C51645 Uterine leiomyoma surgical removal fiboroidectomy removal of uterine fibroids myomectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Arterial thrombosis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Arterial thrombosis surgical removal arterial thrombosis The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Venous thrombosis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Venous thrombosis surgical removal venous thrombosis The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Abnormal thrombosis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Abnormal thrombosis surgical removal removal of thrombosis thrombosis removal thrombosis The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Neoplasm. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z cancer surgery NCIT:C157740 Neoplasm surgical removal cancer removal removal of tumor tumor removal tumorectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-23T20:39:14Z gland surgical removal adenectomy obsolete kidney ct true A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing abnormal physiologic state. 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z avoid physiologic state recommendation prevent physiologic state avoidance prevent physiologic state recommendation prevention of abnormal physiologic state A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Ketosis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Ketosis avoidance avoid Ketosis recommendation ketosis prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Diabetes mellitus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Diabetes mellitus avoidance avoid Diabetes mellitus recommendation Diabetes mellitus prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Fever. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Fever avoidance avoid Fever recommendation fever prevention recommendation Recommendation to avoid triggers known to cause seizures or take medicine to avoid seizures. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Seizure avoidance avoid Seizure recommendation seizure prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Hypotension. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Hypotension avoidance avoid Hypotension recommendation hypotension prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Hyperglycemia. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Hyperglycemia avoidance avoid Hyperglycemia recommendation hyperglycemia prevention recommendation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Weight loss. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-09-15T11:00:00Z Weight loss avoidance avoid Weight loss recommendation weight loss avoidance recommendation Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from kidney for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z kidney biopsy biopsy of kidney The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the kidney. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2020-06-09T20:39:14Z CAT scan of kidney CT of kidney kidney CAT scan kidney CT examination kidney computed tomography kidney computerized axial tomography renal CAT scan renal CT kidney CT Addition of potassium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-17T02:36:00Z dietary supplementation of potassium dietary supplementation of potassium atom potassium atom supplemental intake supplementation of potassium supplementation of potassium atom potassium supplementation Treatment with any agent that lowers cholesterol. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-17T11:00:00Z antihypercholesterolemic agent therapy cholesterol inhibitor therapy hypocholesteremic agent therapy treatment with anticholesteremic drug anticholesteric agent therapy Therapy with an agent that inhibits the function of the sodium-potassium-chloride (Na+, K+, Cl-) cotransporter system in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thereby inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions. This leads to an increase in the excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, ammonium and water. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-17T11:00:00Z treatment with loop diuretic loop diuretic agent therapy Avoid the administration or use of blood transfusion. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-19T20:39:14Z avoid blood transfusion avoiding blood transfusion blood transfusion avoidance Avoid the administration or use of radiograph imaging procedure. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-19T20:39:14Z avoid radiograph imaging procedure avoiding radiograph imaging procedure radiograph imaging procedure avoidance Addition of folic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of folic acid folic acid supplemental intake supplementation of folic acid folic acid supplementation Addition of vitamin (role) to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of vitamin (role) supplementation of vitamin (role) supplementation with a vitamin vitamin (role) supplemental intake vitamin supplementation Addition of nicotinic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of nicotinic acid niacin supplementation nicotinic acid supplemental intake supplementation of nicotinic acid nicotinic acid supplementation Addition of pyridoxine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of pyridoxine pyridoxine supplemental intake supplementation of pyridoxine pyridoxine supplementation obsolete dietary purine intake avoidance true Addition of ascorbic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z ascorbic acid supplemental intake dietary supplementation of ascorbic acid supplementation of ascorbic acid ascorbic acid supplementation Addition of sodium pyruvate to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of sodium pyruvate sodium pyruvate supplemental intake supplementation of sodium pyruvate sodium pyruvate supplementation Addition of fat-soluble vitamin (role) to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-09-07T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of fat-soluble vitamin (role) fat soluble vitamin supplementation fat-soluble vitamin (role) supplemental intake supplementation of fat-soluble vitamin (role) supplementation with fat-soluble vitamin fat-soluble vitamin supplementation Addition of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z S-adenosyl-L-methionine supplemental intake SAM-e supplementation dietary supplementation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine supplementation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine S-adenosyl methionine supplementation Addition of isoleucine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of isoleucine isoleucine supplemental intake supplementation of isoleucine isoleucine supplementation Addition of valine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of valine supplementation of valine valine supplemental intake valine supplementation Addition of calcium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z calcium atom supplemental intake dietary supplementation of calcium atom supplementation of calcium atom supplementation with calcium calcium supplementation Addition of calcium carbonate to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z calcium carbonate supplemental intake dietary supplementation of calcium carbonate supplementation of calcium carbonate calcium carbonate supplementation Addition of glucose to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of glucose glucose supplemental intake supplementation of glucose glucose supplementation Addition of docosahexaenoic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z DHA supplementtion dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid supplemental intake supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation with DHA docosahexaenoic acid supplementation Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to the diet for complete nutrition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation omega-3 fatty acid supplemental intake supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid omega-3 fatty acid supplementation Addition of lutein to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of lutein lutein supplemental intake supplementation of lutein lutein supplementation Addition of ribose to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of ribose ribose supplemental intake supplementation of ribose ribose supplementation Addition of fluoride to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of fluoride fluoride supplemental intake supplementation of fluoride fluoride supplementation Addition of dietary supplement, fibre to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplement, fibre supplemental intake dietary supplementation of dietary supplement, fibre supplementation of dietary supplement, fibre supplementation with soluble fiber soluble fiber supplementation Addition of fish oil to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-23T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of fish oil fish oil supplemental intake supplementation of fish oil fish oil supplementation Addition of magnesium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-11-30T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of magnesium atom magnesium atom supplemental intake magnesium supplemental intake supplementation of magnesium supplementation of magnesium atom magnesium supplementation A systemic evaluation of the head using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z examination of head head exam physical examination of head head examination A systemic evaluation of the neck using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2979 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z examination of neck neck exam physical examination of neck neck examination A systemic evaluation of the chest using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z chest exam examination of chest physical examination of chest chest examination A systemic evaluation of the uterus using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z examination of uterus physical examination of uterus uterus exam uterus examination A systemic evaluation of the uterine cervix using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2979 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z examination of the cervix examination of uterine cervix physical examination of uterine cervix uterine cervix exam cervical examination A systemic evaluation of the eye using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z examination of eye eye exam physical examination of eye eye examination A systemic evaluation of the multicellular organism using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2979 2021-02-10T14:39:14Z examination of multicellular organism examination of whole body multicellular organism exam physical examination of multicellular organism whole body exam whole body examination A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fish steak (raw). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T11:00:00Z avoid fish steak (raw) intake avoiding dietary fish steak (raw) intake fish steak (raw) consumption avoidance fish steak (raw) restricted diet intake fish steak (raw) restriction raw fish intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cow milk (raw). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-10T11:00:00Z avoid cow milk (raw) intake avoiding dietary cow milk (raw) intake cow milk (raw) consumption avoidance cow milk (raw) restricted diet intake cow milk (raw) restriction raw milk intake avoidance unpasturised milk intake avoidance unpasturized milk intake avoidance Collection biological material from within the endocervix with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T20:39:14Z endocervical swab swab collection of endocervix endocervical swab collection Collecting of sputum for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z collection of sputum specimen sputum collection sputum specimen collection Collecting of urine for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2974 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z collection of urine specimen urine collection urine specimen collection Collecting of semen for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z collection of semen specimen semen collection sperm collection semen specimen collection Collecting of amniotic fluid for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z amniotic fluid collection collection of amniotic fluid specimen amniotic fluid specimen collection Collecting of pus for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z collection of pus specimen pus collection pus specimen collection Collecting of mucus for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z collection of mucus specimen mucus collection mucus specimen collection Collecting of respiratory system mucus for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z collection of respiratory system mucus specimen respiratory system mucus collection respiratory system mucus specimen collection Collecting of nasal mucus for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z collection of nasal mucus specimen nasal mucus collection nasal mucus specimen collection Collecting of bodily fluid for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z bodily fluid collection collection of bodily fluid specimen bodily fluid specimen collection Collecting of cerebrospinal fluid for clinical use. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2021-02-15T12:00:00Z cerebral spinal fluid collection cerebrospinal fluid collection collection of cerebrospinal fluid specimen cerebrospinal fluid specimen collection The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the venous blood vessel. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z sonography of venous blood vessel ultrasonography of venous blood vessel venous blood vessel diagnostic sonography venous blood vessel medical ultrasound venous blood vessel sonography venous blood vessel ultrasound examination venous blood vessel ultrasound imaging procedure venous blood vessel ultrasound procedure venous sonography venous ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the testis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z sonography of testis testis diagnostic sonography testis medical ultrasound testis sonography testis ultrasound examination testis ultrasound imaging procedure testis ultrasound procedure ultrasonography of testis testicular ultrasonography The determination of the amount of insulin hormone present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-03-19T21:42:40Z insulin hormone assessment insulin hormone test insulin level assessment insulin measurement The determination of the amount of albumin (human) present in urine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-03-19T15:25:01Z albumin (human) urine assessment urine albumin (human) test urine albumin measurement The determination of the amount of protein present in blood serum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-03-19T15:25:01Z blood serum protein test protein blood serum assessment serum protein measurement The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) liver from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-10-06T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15271 liver transplantation surgical procedure transplantation of liver liver transplantation Treatment with drug or agent that regulates potassium channels. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-08-10T11:00:00Z K-channel modulator therapy treatment with potassium channel modulator potassium channel modulator agent therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits potassium channels. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-08-10T11:00:00Z K-channel antagonist therapy K-channel inhibitor therapy potassium channel antagonist therapy treatment with potassium channel blocker potassium channel blocker agent therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits xanthine oxidase. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-08-10T11:00:00Z treatment with EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor xanthine oxidase inhibitor agent therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits purinergic P2 receptor. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-08-10T11:00:00Z P2 antagonist therapy treatment with purinergic receptor P2 antagonist purinergic receptor P2 antagonist agent therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits P2Y12 receptor. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-08-10T11:00:00Z ADP receptor inhibitor therapy purinergic PY12 antagonist therapy treatment with P2Y12 receptor antagonist P2Y12 receptor antagonist agent therapy The determination of the amount of alkaline phosphatase present in blood serum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2021-08-12T15:25:01Z alkaline phosphatase blood serum assessment blood serum alkaline phosphatase test serum Alk phos measurement serum alkaline phosphatase measurement Inspection of skeletal joint using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of skeletal joint skeletal joint endoscope arthroscopy Inspection of lung using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z airway endoscopy endoscopy of lung lung endoscope bronchoscopy Inspection of colon using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z colon endoscope endoscopy of colon colonoscopy Inspection of urinary bladder using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of urinary bladder urinary bladder endoscope cystoscopy Inspection of small intestine using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of small intestine small intestine endoscope enterosccopy Inspection of uterus using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of uterus uterus endoscope hysteroscopy Inspection of abdomen using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z abdomen endoscope endoscopy of abdomen laparoscopy Inspection of larynx using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of larynx larynx endoscope laryngoscopy Inspection of mediastinum using an endoscope. 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of mediastinum mediastinum endoscope mediastinoscopy Inspection of sigmoid colon using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of sigmoid colon sigmoid colon endoscope sigmoidoscopy Inspection of pleural cavity using an endoscope. 2022-03-16T13:39:34Z endoscopy of pleural cavity pleural cavity endoscope thoracoscopy Inspection of upper digestive tract using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z EGD OGD endoscopy of upper digestive tract oesophagogastroduodenoscopy upper GI endoscopy upper digestive tract endoscope upper endoscopy upper gastrointestinal endoscopy esophagogastroduodenoscopy Inspection of ureter using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of ureter ureter endoscope ureteroscopy Inspection of lower digestive tract using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of lower digestive tract lower digestive tract endoscope proctoscopy Inspection of rectum using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of rectum rectum endoscope rectoscopy Inspection of anus using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z anus endoscope endoscopy of anus anoscopy Inspection of ear using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z ear endoscope endoscopy of ear otoscopy Inspection of fallopian tube using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of fallopian tube fallopian tube endoscope falloscopy Inspection of esophagus using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of esophagus esophagus endoscope oesophagoscopy esophagoscopy Inspection of brain using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z brain endoscope endoscopy of brain neuroendoscopy Inspection of tracheobronchial tree using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-16T20:39:14Z endoscopy of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree endoscope tracheobronchoscopy The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Neoplasm of the breast, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Neoplasm of the breast screening screening for breast cancer The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Venous thrombosis, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z Venous thrombosis screening screening for venous thrombosis The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Colorectal polyposis, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Colorectal polyposis screening screening for colorectal polyps The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Intestinal polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Intestinal polyp screening screening for intestinal polyps The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Ureteral polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Ureteral polyp screening screening for uterine polyps The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Cervical polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Cervical polyp screening screening for cervical polyps The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Small intestinal polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Small intestinal polyp screening screening for small intestinal polyps The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Multiple gastric polyps, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Multiple gastric polyps screening screening for gastric polyps The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Hepatoblastoma, usually in asymptomatic individuals. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Hepatoblastoma screening screening for hepatoblastoma Visualization of a particular body system, organ, or cell type using a variety of imaging techniques for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. 2023-02-21T18:01:42Z clinical imaging procedure by system The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of colorectal polyps. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Colorectal polyposis surgical removal colonic polypectomy colorectal polypectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Intestinal polyp. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Intestinal polyp surgical removal intestinal polypectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Ureteral polyp. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Ureteral polyp surgical removal ureterine polypectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Cervical polyp. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Cervical polyp surgical removal cervical polypectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Small intestinal polyp. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Small intestinal polyp surgical removal small intestinal polypectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Osteoma. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Osteoma surgical removal surgical removal of Osteoma The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Multiple gastric polyps. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-24T20:39:14Z Multiple gastric polyps surgical removal gastric polypectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of lens of camera-type eye. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z lens of camera-type eye surgical removal removal of lens The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of colorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z colorectum surgical removal proctocolectomy The determination of the amount of alpha-fetoprotein present in blood serum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-28T15:25:01Z alpha-fetoprotein (human) blood serum assessment alpha-fetoprotein serum measurement blood serum alpha-fetoprotein (human) test serum alpha-fetoprotein test serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement Use of a chemical compound that binds tightly to metal ions. Often used to remove toxic metals from the body. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-30T11:00:00Z treatment with chelator chelator agent therapy Treatrment with an agent that binds excess amounts of copper to keep it from accumulating in some parts of the body, particularly the liver. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-30T11:00:00Z treatment with copper chelator copper chelator agent therapy Use of a compound which binds tightly to iron molecules. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-30T11:00:00Z treatment with iron chelator iron chelator agent therapy Treatment with a sequestering agent that can envelop multiple ions at a time. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-03-30T11:00:00Z treatment with sequestrant sequestrant agent therapy The determination of the amount of beta-carotene present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z b-carotene measurement beta carotene assessment beta-carotene assessment beta-carotene measurement beta-carotene test beta carotene measurement The determination of the amount of creatine present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z creatine assessment creatine test creatine measurement The determination of the amount of N-phosphocreatine present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z N-phosphocreatine assessment N-phosphocreatine test phosphocreatine measurement The determination of the amount of folic acid present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z folic acid assessment folic acid test folic acid measurement The determination of the amount of carnitine present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z carnitine assessment carnitine test carnitine measurement The determination of the amount of choline present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z choline assessment choline test choline measurement The determination of the amount of glycerylphosphorylcholine present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z glycerylphosphorylcholine assessment glycerylphosphorylcholine test glycerylphosphorylcholine measurement The determination of the amount of phosphocholines present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z phosphocholines assessment phosphocholines test phosphocholine measurement The determination of the amount of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z pyridoxal 5'-phosphate assessment pyridoxal 5'-phosphate test pyridoxal 5'-phosphate measurement The determination of the amount of chemical entity present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z chemical entity assessment chemical entity test chemical measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin A present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin A assessment vitamin A test vitamin A measurement The determination of the amount of B vitamin present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z B vitamin assessment B vitamin test vitamin B measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B complex present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin B complex assessment vitamin B complex test vitamin B complex measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B1 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z thiamin measurement vitamin B1 assessment vitamin B1 test vitamin B1 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B2 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z riboflavin measurement vitamin B2 assessment vitamin B2 test vitamin B2 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B3 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z niacin measurement vitamin B3 assessment vitamin B3 test vitamin B3 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B5 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin B5 assessment vitamin B5 test vitamin B5 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B6 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin B6 assessment vitamin B6 test vitamin B6 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B7 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin B7 assessment vitamin B7 test vitamin B7 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B9 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin B9 assessment vitamin B9 test vitamin B9 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin B12 present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin B12 assessment vitamin B12 test vitamin B12 measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin D present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin D assessment vitamin D test vitamin D measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin C present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin C assessment vitamin C test vitamin C measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin E present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin E assessment vitamin E test vitamin E measurement The determination of the amount of vitamin K present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z vitamin K assessment vitamin K test vitamin K measurement The determination of the amount of folates present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-04T13:40:00Z folates assessment folates test folate measurement Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of pelvic region of trunk. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-09T20:39:14Z X-ray of the pelvis pelvic radiogram procedure pelvic region of trunk X-ray procedure pelvic region of trunk radiogram procedure pelvis radiograph radiograph of pelvic region of trunk radiograph of pelvis radiography of pelvic region of trunk pelvic radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of skull. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-05-09T20:39:14Z X-ray of the skull radiograph of skull radiography of skull skull X-ray procedure skull radiogram procedure skull radiograph procedure Addition of cholic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-08-25T09:00:01Z cholic acid supplemental intake dietary supplementation of cholic acid supplementation of cholic acid cholic acid supplementation Addition of vitamin K to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-08-25T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of vitamin K supplementation of vitamin K vitamin K supplemental intake vitamin K supplementation Addition of vitamin E to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-08-25T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of vitamin E supplementation of vitamin E vitamin E supplemental intake vitamin E supplementation Addition of vitamin A to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-09-07T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of vitamin A supplementation of vitamin A vitamin A supplemental intake vitamin A supplementation A medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers. 2023-02-21T18:03:45Z arteriography angiography A medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers. Addition of water-soluble vitamin (role) to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-09-07T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of water-soluble vitamin (role) supplementation of water-soluble vitamin (role) water soluble vitamin supplementation water-soluble vitamin (role) supplemental intake water-soluble supplementation Addition of macronutrient to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-09-07T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of macronutrient macronutrient supplemental intake supplementation of macronutrient macronutrient supplementation Addition of micronutrient to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-09-07T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of micronutrient micronutrient supplemental intake supplementation of micronutrient micronutrient supplementation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) face from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-10-06T20:39:14Z transplantation of face face transplantation The surgical transfer of a whole pair of lungs from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-10-06T10:00:01Z transplantation of whole pair of lungs double lung transplant The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) lobe of lung from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-10-06T20:39:14Z transplantation of lobe of lung partial lung transplantation Transplantation of some or all of the liver, small intestine, and other abdominal organs (for example, the stomach and pancreas) at the same time. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-10-06T20:39:14Z transplantation of digestive system multivisceral transplantation Addition of selenium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-11-01T09:00:01Z PMID:27171069 dietary supplementation of selenium atom selenium atom supplemental intake supplementation of selenium atom Food supplementation with selenium should be carried out in a careful and controlled way, to avoid causing the opposite effect than intended, because selenium is one of the most toxic elements in relatively small quantities being at the same time an essential micronutrient with an important biological role. The range between the necessary quantity of selenium and toxic dose is very narrow. PMID:27171069 selenium supplementation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of selenium atom. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-11-01T09:00:01Z PMID:27171069 avoid selenium atom intake avoiding dietary selenium atom intake selenium atom consumption avoidance selenium atom restricted diet intake selenium atom restriction Food supplementation with selenium should be carried out in a careful and controlled way, to avoid causing the opposite effect than intended, because selenium is one of the most toxic elements in relatively small quantities being at the same time an essential micronutrient with an important biological role. The range between the necessary quantity of selenium and toxic dose is very narrow. PMID:27171069 dietary selenium atom intake avoidance A specimen collection from a patient that is used for diagnostic purposes. 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002650 diagnostic biopsy clinical biopsy Use of computed tomography assisted biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002652 A needle biopsy guided by real-time computed tomography (CT) scan images. OBI:0002652 clinical computed tomography assisted biopsy Use of core needle biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002656 A biopsy that uses a hollow tube to collect a core of tissue. OBI:0002656 clinical core needle biopsy Use of fine needle aspiration biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002655 A biopsy that uses a thin needle to extract cells. OBI:0002655 clinical fine needle aspiration biopsy Use of image guided biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002651 A biopsy which uses an imaging procedure to guide a needle biopsy. OBI:0002651 clinical image guided biopsy Use of needle biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002654 A biopsy that uses a hollow needle to extract cells. OBI:0002654 clinical needle biopsy Use of surgical biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002657 A biopsy involving a surgical incision into an organism to access the biopsy material. OBI:0002657 clinical surgical biopsy Use of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-12-08T20:39:14Z OBI:0002653 An ultrasound-guided needle biopsy uses sound waves to help locate a nodule or abnormality within the thyroid. OBI:0002653 clinical ultrasound-guided needle biopsy A surgery that fixes or mends coronary artery. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z coronary artery surgical repair surgical repair of coronary artery A surgery that fixes or mends cardiac valve. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z cardiac valve surgical repair heart valve repair A surgery that fixes or mends tricuspid valve. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z tricuspid valve surgical repair surgical repair of tricuspid valve A surgery that fixes or mends pulmonary valve. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z pulmonary valve surgical repair surgical repair of pulmonary valve A surgery that fixes or mends aorta. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z aorta surgical repair surgical repair of aorta A surgery that fixes or mends endocrine gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z endocrine gland surgical repair surgical repair of endocrine gland A surgery that fixes or mends fallopian tube. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z fallopian tube surgical repair surgical repair of fallopian tube A surgery that fixes or mends pancreas. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z pancreas surgical repair surgical repair of pancreas A surgery that fixes or mends eye. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z eye surgical repair surgical repair of eye A surgery that fixes or mends digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z digestive tract surgical repair surgical repair of digestive tract A surgery that fixes or mends ligament. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z ligament surgical repair surgical repair of ligament A surgery that fixes or mends vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z vertebra surgical repair surgical repair of vertebra A surgery that fixes or mends bone tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z bone tissue surgical repair surgical repair of bone tissue A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of ear. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-14T20:39:14Z ear surgical plastic reconstruction surgical plastic reconstruction of ear A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of cranium. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-14T20:39:14Z cranium surgical plastic reconstruction cranioplasty A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of face. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-14T20:39:14Z face surgical plastic reconstruction surgical plastic reconstruction of face A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of manus. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-14T20:39:14Z manus surgical plastic reconstruction reconstructive plastic surgery of hand hand reconstructive plastic surgery A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of nasal septum. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-14T20:39:14Z nasal septum surgical plastic reconstruction septoplasty A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of bronchus. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-14T20:39:14Z bronchus surgical plastic reconstruction bronchoplasty A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of iris. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-14T20:39:14Z gonioplasty iris surgical plastic reconstruction iridoplasty can be performed despite corneal clouding, whereas iridotomy cannot iridoplasty A surgery that fixes or mends cardiovascular system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z cardiovascular system surgical repair surgical repair of cardiovascular system A treatment that helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc., especially after an illness. 2023-04-13T17:54:15Z therapy A surgery that fixes or mends pericardium. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z pericardium surgical repair surgical repair of pericardium A surgery that fixes or mends artery. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z artery surgical repair surgical repair of artery A surgery that fixes or mends vein. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z vein surgical repair surgical repair of vein A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the placenta. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the placenta placenta MRI placenta magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the placenta A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the heart heart MRI heart magnetic resonance imaging cardiac MRI A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z MRI of the spinal column Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the vertebral column spinal column MRI vertebral column MRI vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the vertebral column A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the kidney. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney kidney MRI kidney magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the kidney A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the liver. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the liver liver MRI liver magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the liver A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the whole body. 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z MRI of whole body total body magnetic resonance imaging total body MRI A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the cervical region of vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z MRI of cervical spine Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical region of vertebral column cervical region of vertebral column MRI cervical region of vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging cervical spine MRI A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the adrenal gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland adrenal gland MRI adrenal gland magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the adrenal gland A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the pancreas. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas pancreas MRI pancreas magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the pancreas A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the limb. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the limb limb MRI limb magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the limb The transfer of a whole organ from one body to another. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z NCIT:C122934 transplantation of whole organ whole organ transplantation An X-ray imaging technique that involves visualization of the pulmonary vasculature after fluoroscopy-guided catheter placement and injection of an iodinated contrast medium into the pulmonary circulation. 2023-02-21T18:31:55Z NCIT:C154789 X-ray of pulmonary vasculature contrast pulmonary angiography X-ray pulmonary angiography procedure An X-ray imaging technique that involves visualization of the pulmonary vasculature after fluoroscopy-guided catheter placement and injection of an iodinated contrast medium into the pulmonary circulation. NCIT:C154789 The X-ray examination of the blood vessels in and around the brain. 2023-02-21T18:40:16Z X-ray of brain blood vessels contrast cerebral angiography X-ray cerebral angiography procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of teeth. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z calcareous tooth X-ray procedure calcareous tooth radiogram procedure radiograph of calcareous tooth radiography of calcareous tooth dental radiography Imaging of small blood or lymphatic vessels less than 200 micrometers in diameter. 2023-02-21T18:58:06Z microangiography Radiography of small blood or lymphatic vessels of an organ less than 200 micrometers in diameter. 2023-02-21T18:59:46Z X-ray microangiography This test consists of injecting indocyanine green dye (ICG) through a peripheral intravenous line. The ICG subsequently binds to blood lipoproteins and travels to where there is blood flow. Using a near-infrared laser coupled with a camera, one can then visualize blood flow within 3–5 millimeters of the skin surface. 2023-02-21T19:02:21Z This technique can be used as a bedside diagnosis for frostbite fluorescent microangiography This test consists of injecting indocyanine green dye (ICG) through a peripheral intravenous line. The ICG subsequently binds to blood lipoproteins and travels to where there is blood flow. Using a near-infrared laser coupled with a camera, one can then visualize blood flow within 3–5 millimeters of the skin surface. PMID:36409932 The X-ray examination of the blood vessels of the heart. 2023-02-21T19:09:18Z X-ray of the blood vessel in the heart contrast coronary angiography X-ray coronary angiography procedure Use of a drug or agent that inhibits GABA signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with GABA antagonist GABA antagonist therapy Use of a small amount of radioactive chemical called a tracer that can aid in imaging a target organ. The tracer emits gamma rays which are detected by a gamma radiation camera and analyzed by a computer to form the image of the desired region. 2023-02-21T19:50:18Z NCIT:C62667 nuclear medicine scan radioimaging radionuclide imaging radionuclide scanning scintigraphy nuclear medicine imaging procedure Use of a drug or agent that does not act as agonist or antagonist but does affect GABA-ionophore complex signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with GABA modulator GABA modulator therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that modifies cholinergic signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with cholinergic drug cholinergic agent therapy Treatment with drug or agent that activates cholinergic signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with cholinergic agonist cholinergic agonist therapy Treatment with drug or agent to activate muscarinic signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with muscarinic agonist muscarinic agonist therapy Use of a drug or agent that activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits cholinergic signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z anticholinergic agent therapy treatment with cholinergic antagonist cholinergic antagonist therapy Treatment with a drug or agent to inhibit muscarinic signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with muscarinic antagonist muscarinic antagonist therapy Use of a drug or agent that inhibits nicotinic signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with nicotinic antagonist nicotinic antagonist therapy Use of a drug or agent that modulates parasympatholytic signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z dopaminergic modifying agent therapy treatment with parasympatholytic parasympatholytic therapy Use of a drug or agent that modulates dopamine signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with dopaminergic agent dopaminergic agent therapy Use of a drug or agent that activates dopamine signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with dopamine agonist dopamine agonist therapy Use of a drug or agent that activates dopamine D1 receptor signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with dopamine receptor D1 agonist dopamine receptor D1 agonist therapy Use of a drug or agent that inhibits dopamine neurotransmitter reuptake. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with dopamine uptake inhibitor dopamine uptake inhibitor therapy Use of a drug or agent that inhibits dopamine signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with dopaminergic antagonist dopaminergic antagonist agent therapy Use of a drug or agent that modulates neurotransmitter signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with neurotransmitter agent neurotransmitter agent therapy Use of a drug or agent that activates GABA signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with GABA agonist GABA agonist agent therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that activates GABAA receptor signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with GABAA receptor agonist GABAA receptor agonist therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that activates GABAB receptor signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with GABAB receptor agonist GABAB receptor agonist therapy Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits GABAA receptor signaling. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-23T11:00:00Z treatment with GABAA receptor antagonist GABAA receptor antagonist therapy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of sclera. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-24T20:39:14Z sclera surgical removal sclerectomy The surgical formation of an external opening from the colon through the abdominal wall. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z colostomy Surgical creation of an external opening into the anterior bladder wall. [ NCI ] http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15218 cystostomy procedure The surgical formation of an external opening from the small intestines through the abdominal wall. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C52005 enterostomy A surgically created connection between the ureter and the skin, which drains urine from the ureter in individuals with urinary obstruction or other issues that prevent normal urination. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15345 ureterostomy The creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastric decompression. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrostomy placement of g-tube placement of gastrostomy-tube gastrostomy The surgical formation of an external opening from the duodenum through the abdominal wall. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C122593 duodenostomy The surgical formation of an external opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15257 ileostomy The surgical formation of an external opening from the jejunum through the abdominal wall. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C79978 placement of j-tube jejunostomy The surgical formation of an external opening from the kidney through the abdominal wall. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z nephrostomy An assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain life activies or occupations. 2023-04-13T17:56:56Z occupational therapy A surgery that fixes or mends anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z anorectum surgical repair surgical repair of anorectum A surgery that fixes or mends large intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z large intestine surgical repair surgical repair of large intestine A surgery that fixes or mends intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z intestine surgical repair surgical repair of intestine A surgery that fixes or mends small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-27T20:39:14Z small intestine surgical repair surgical repair of small intestine A determination of the structure of hematopoietic cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z hematopoietic cell morphology assessment hematopoietic cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of lymphocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z lymphocyte morphology assessment lymphocyte morphology measurement A determination of the structure of reticulocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z reticulocyte morphology assessment reticulocyte morphology measurement A psychological intervention that applies empirical approaches based upon the principles of respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior of social significance. 2023-04-13T18:07:09Z ABA therapy behavioral engineering applied behavior analysis therapy A determination of the structure of granulocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z granulocyte morphology assessment granulocyte morphology measurement A determination of the structure of basophil. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z basophil morphology assessment basophil morphology measurement A determination of the structure of neutrophil. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z neutrophil morphology assessment neutrophil morphology measurement A determination of the structure of platelet. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z platelet morphology assessment platelet morphology measurement A determination of the structure of sperm. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z sperm morphology assessment sperm morphology measurement A determination of the structure of T cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z T cell morphology assessment T cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of B cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z B cell morphology assessment B cell morphology measurement A determination of the number of sperm in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z sperm count test sperm count A determination of the number of helper T cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z helper T cell count test helper T cell count A determination of the number of T cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z T cell count test T cell count A determination of the number of B cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z B cell count test B cell count A determination of the number of natural killer cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z natural killer cell count test natural killer cell count A determination of the number of echinocyte in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z echinocyte count test burr cell count A determination of the number of plasma cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z plasma cell count test plasma cell count A determination of the number of dendritic cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z dendritic cell count test dendritic cell count A determination of the number of regulatory T cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z T reg cell count regulatory T cell count test regulatory T cell count A determination of the structure of natural killer cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z natural killer cell morphology assessment natural killer cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of echinocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z echinocyte morphology assessment echinocyte morphology measurement A determination of the structure of Langerhans cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z Langerhans cell morphology assessment Langerhans cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of mast cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z mast cell morphology assessment mast cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of Schwann cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z Schwann cell morphology assessment Schwann cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of myeloid cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z myeloid cell morphology assessment myeloid cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of germ cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z germ cell morphology assessment germ cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of glial cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z glial cell morphology assessment glial cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of kidney glomerular epithelial cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z kidney glomerular epithelial cell morphology assessment kidney glomerular epithelial cell morphology measurement A determination of the structure of oocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z oocyte morphology assessment oocyte morphology measurement A determination of the structure of myeloid leukocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z myeloid leukocyte morphology assessment myeloid leukocyte morphology measurement A determination of the structure of bone marrow cell. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z bone marrow cell morphology assessment bone marrow cell morphology measurement Assessing and providing skills to eat better. Therapy is focused on tongue movements, chewing, swallowing, as well as other behaviors. 2023-04-13T18:37:03Z feeding therapy The use or insertion of a catheter which is a flexible tube inserted through a narrow opening into a body cavidy for removing fluid. 2023-08-29T19:47:50Z catheterization Treatment with a drug to inhibit or suppress adrenal hormone production. 2023-08-08T20:42:41Z adrenal function inhibitor therapy adrenal hormone suppression therapy adrenal hormone suppressant therapy A drug or agent therapy regimen that closely mimics the physiological diurnal cortisol secretion pattern, tailored to the patient's daily needs. 2023-08-09T15:46:50Z adrenal HRT adrenal hormone replacement therapy A drug or agent therapy regimen that closely mimics the physiological diurnal cortisol secretion pattern, tailored to the patient's daily needs. PMID:33707469 A procedure to drain the bladder and collect urine via a flexible tube. 2023-08-29T20:03:15Z bladder catheterization urinary catheterization A procedure that uses radio waves to create heat to destroy tissue. 2023-11-28T20:44:56Z RFA radiofrequency neurotomy radiofrequency ablation therapy RFA Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the digestive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-01-15T19:35:36Z digestive system diagnostic procedure digestive system testing diagnostic procedure of digestive system All manners of treatment to bring visual system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z visual system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of visual system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the circulatory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z circulatory system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of circulatory system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the excretory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z excretory system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of excretory system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the exocrine system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z exocrine system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of exocrine system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the genitourinary system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z genitourinary system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of genitourinary system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the hematopoietic system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z hematopoietic system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of hematopoietic system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the integumental system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z integumental system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of integumental system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the skin of body. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z skin diagnostic procedure skin of body diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of skin Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the musculoskeletal system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z musculoskeletal system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of musculoskeletal system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the nervous system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z nervous system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of nervous system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the reproductive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z reproductive system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of reproductive system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the respiratory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z respiratory system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of respiratory system All manners of treatment to bring digestive system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z digestive system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of digestive system All manners of treatment to bring cardiovascular system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z cardiovascular system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of cardiovascular system All manners of treatment to bring circulatory system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z circulatory system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of circulatory system All manners of treatment to bring excretory system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z excretory system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of excretory system All manners of treatment to bring exocrine system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z exocrine system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of exocrine system All manners of treatment to bring genitourinary system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z genitourinary system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of genitourinary system All manners of treatment to bring hematopoietic system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z hematopoietic system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of hematopoietic system All manners of treatment to bring integumental system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z integumental system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of integumental system All manners of treatment to bring skin of body back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z skin of body therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of skin of body All manners of treatment to bring musculoskeletal system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z musculoskeletal system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of musculoskeletal system All manners of treatment to bring nervous system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z nervous system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of nervous system All manners of treatment to bring reproductive system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z reproductive system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of reproductive system Treatment with a drug that softens, separates, and causes desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-31T11:00:00Z treatment with keratolytic drug Keratolytic drugs are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases. keratolytic agent therapy All manners of treatment to bring vestibulo-auditory system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z vestibulo-auditory system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of vestibulo-auditory system All manners of treatment to bring immune system back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z immune system therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of immune system All manners of treatment to bring organism substance back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z organism substance therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of organism substance All manners of treatment to bring amniotic fluid back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z amniotic fluid therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of amniotic fluid All manners of treatment to bring blood clot back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z blood clot therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of blood clot All manners of treatment to bring excreta back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z excreta therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of excreta All manners of treatment to bring feces back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z feces therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of feces All manners of treatment to bring urine back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z urine therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of urine All manners of treatment to bring interstitial fluid back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z interstitial fluid therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of interstitial fluid All manners of treatment to bring ocular refractive media back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z ocular refractive media therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of ocular refractive media All manners of treatment to bring aqueous humor of eyeball back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z aqueous humor of eyeball therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of aqueous humor of eyeball All manners of treatment to bring vitreous humor back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z vitreous humor therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of vitreous humor All manners of treatment to bring pus back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z pus therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of pus All manners of treatment to bring reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z reproductive gland secretion therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of reproductive gland secretion All manners of treatment to bring female reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z female reproductive gland secretion therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of female reproductive gland secretion All manners of treatment to bring male reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z male reproductive gland secretion therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of male reproductive gland secretion All manners of treatment to bring respiratory system fluid/secretion back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z respiratory system fluid/secretion therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of respiratory system fluid/secretion All manners of treatment to bring sputum back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z sputum therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of sputum All manners of treatment to bring secretion of exocrine gland back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z secretion of exocrine gland therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of secretion of exocrine gland All manners of treatment to bring bile back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z bile therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of bile All manners of treatment to bring gastric juice back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z gastric juice therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of gastric juice All manners of treatment to bring organ back to its normal state. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z organ therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure of organ Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the visual system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z visual system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of visual system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the vestibulo-auditory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z auditory diagnostic procedure vestibulo-auditory system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of auditory system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the immune system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z immune system diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of immune system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the organism substance. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z body substance diagnostic procedure organism substance diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of body substance Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the amniotic fluid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z amniotic fluid diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of amniotic fluid Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the blood clot. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z blood clot diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of blood clot Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the excreta. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z excreta diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of excreted substance Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the feces. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z feces diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of feces Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the urine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z urine diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of urine Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the interstitial fluid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z interstitial fluid diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of interstitial fluid Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the ocular refractive media. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z ocular refractive media diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of ocular refractive media Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the aqueous humor of eyeball. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z aqueous humor of eyeball diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of aqueous humor of eyeball Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the vitreous humor. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z vitreous humor diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of vitreous humor Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the pus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z pus diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of pus Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the reproductive gland secretion. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z reproductive gland secretion diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of reproductive gland secretion Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the female reproductive gland secretion. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z female reproductive gland secretion diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of female reproductive gland secretion Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the male reproductive gland secretion. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z male reproductive gland secretion diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of male reproductive gland secretion Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the respiratory system fluid/secretion. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z respiratory system fluid/secretion diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of respiratory system fluid/secretion Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the sputum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z sputum diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of sputum Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the secretion of exocrine gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z secretion of exocrine gland diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of exocrine gland secretion Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the bile. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z bile diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of bile Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the gastric juice. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z gastric juice diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of gastric juice Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the semen. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z semen diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of semen Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-30T20:39:14Z organ diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure of organ The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of zone of skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-31T20:39:14Z skin excision zone of skin surgical removal surgical skin removal Use of a drug or agent that inhibits farnesyltransferase. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-7530 2023-05-15T11:00:00Z farnesyltransferase inhibitor treatment treatment with EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor farnesyltransferase inhibitor agent therapy Use of a drug or agent that inhibits matrix metalloprotease inhibitor. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-05-15T11:00:00Z treatment with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MMP inhibitor agent therapy Treatment with a topical cream that is used to treat psoriasis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-05-15T11:00:00Z tazarotene agent therapy A therapeutic surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia. It involves the wrapping of the fundus of the stomach around the lower esophagus to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter. 2023-11-28T21:09:28Z NCIT:C91834 Nissen fundoplication fundoplication A therapeutic surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia. It involves the wrapping of the fundus of the stomach around the lower esophagus to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter. NCIT:C91834 Treatment with a diuretic to treat hypertension or edema. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-05-15T11:00:00Z benzothiadiazine derivative therapy Treatment with thyroid hormone or drugs replicating thyroid hormone to maintain a normally functioning thyroid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-05-15T11:00:00Z treatment with thyroid hormone thyroid hormone therapy Treatment with a class of medicines inhibit sodium-glucose cotransporter-2. Drugs are used with diet and exercise to lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-05-15T11:00:00Z treatment with sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor therapy Treatment with an activator to the somatostatin receptor. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-05-15T11:00:00Z treatment with somatostatin receptor agonist somatostatin recepter agonist therapy A surgery to move a testical from growin to scrotum. The procedure permanently fixes the testical to the scrotum. 2023-11-28T21:42:56Z NCIT:C111066 PMID:32809739 SNOMEDCT_US:85419002 fixation of testes scrotal fixation of testes scrotal orchiopexy testicular fixation Orchiopexy corrects undescended testicles that have not dropped into the scrotum or testicular torsion where testicular blood supply twists and cuts off blood flow to the testicle. orchiopexy Magnetic resonance imaging of the developing fetus in utero. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z fetal MRI A type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in which stem cells are obtained from a donor other than the recipient. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Intravenous administration of Immune globulin antibodies) derived from the plasma of donors. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z immunoglobulin infusion therapy A type of biologic therapy that is designed to inhibit the activity of IgE immunoglobulins. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z IgE-targeting biologic therapy A type of biologic therapy that is designed to modulate helper 2 (Th2) T cell activity 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z Th2-targeting biologic therapy Therapeutic administration of an inhibitor of complement component 5. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z complement 5 inhibitor therapy A molecular genetic produce to alter a target gene sequence with the intention of repairing or altering the activity of a gene product that is related to a disease. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z gene editing therapy Administration of dietary glutamine. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z glutamine supplementation Therapeutic administration of interferon alpha. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z interferon alpha therapy Therapeutic administration of interferon gamma 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z interferon-gamma therapy Therapeutic administration of an inhibitor of interleukin 1 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z interleukin-1 receptor inhibitor therapy A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding vaccination with live (ative) agents 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z live vaccine avoidance The infusion of thrombocytes directly into the bloodstream 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z platelet transfusion Therapeutic administration of an analog of somatostatin. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z somatostatin analog therapy Ongoing clinical investigations targeted at the early identification or return of cancer. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z surveillance for malignancies Therapeutic administration of an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy obsolete ophthalmological diagnostic procedure true Avoid the administration or use of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-06-06T20:39:14Z avoid serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy avoiding serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy avoidance Avoid the administration or use of antidepressant agent therapy. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-06-06T20:39:14Z avoid antidepressant agent therapy avoiding antidepressant agent therapy antidepressant agent therapy avoidance A pharmaceutical substance that is biologically inactive, but it is metabolized by the body to produce a drug. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-08-15T11:00:00Z treatment with prodrug prodrug therapy A drug or pharmaceutical agent tht is used to attempt to prevent or reverse neuronal damage, thereby retaining physiological function. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-08-15T11:00:00Z treatment with neuroprotective agent neuroprotective agent therapy A drug or pharmaceutical agent tht is used to attempt to prevent or reverse neuronal damage, thereby retaining physiological function. ISBN:978-0-12-374203-2 A drug or pharmaceutical agent that is developed to treat a rare medical condition. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-08-15T11:00:00Z orphan drug treatment treatment with orphan drug orphan drug therapy A drug or substance used as therapy to inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-109T11:00:00Z 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitor therapy treatment with EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor HPPD inhibitor therapy A drug or substance that inhibits the metabolism of tyrosine. 2023-08-21T16:57:48Z tyrosine metabolism inhibitor Any surgical procedure conducted on the digestive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z digestive system surgical procedure surgical procedure on digestive system Any surgical procedure conducted on the alimentary part of gastrointestinal system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z alimentary part of gastrointestinal system surgical procedure surgical procedure on alimentary part of gastrointestinal system Gross motor therapy is designed to help individuals improve their use of large muscles and the coordination of the arms, legs, and the entire body. 2023-11-30T17:16:03Z gross motor skills therapy gross motor therapy Any surgical procedure conducted on the circulatory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z circulatory system surgical procedure surgical procedure on circulatory system Any surgical procedure conducted on the genitourinary system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z genitourinary system surgical procedure surgical procedure on genitourinary system Any surgical procedure conducted on the musculoskeletal system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z musculoskeletal system surgical procedure surgical procedure on musculoskeletal system A determination of the number of blood cell in a blood sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-01T20:39:14Z CBC blood cell count test complete blood cell count complete blood count full blood count blood cell count Any surgical procedure conducted on the pancreatic system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z pancreatic system surgical procedure surgical procedure on pancreatic system Any surgical procedure conducted on the renal collecting system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z renal collecting system surgical procedure surgical procedure on renal collecting system Any surgical procedure conducted on the reproductive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z reproductive system surgical procedure surgical procedure on reproductive system Any surgical procedure conducted on the zone of skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z zone of skin surgical procedure skin surgery Any surgical procedure conducted on the respiratory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z respiratory system surgical procedure surgical procedure on respiratory system Any surgical procedure conducted on the vascular system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z vascular system surgical procedure surgical procedure on vascular system Therapy aids in the development and use of the small muscles of the hands for tasks such as grasping objects, writing, cutting with scissors, shoe-tying, and fastening buttons. 2023-11-30T17:19:07Z fine motor skills therapy fine motor therapy A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding cannabis consumption. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid cannabis consumption cessation of cannabis consumption cannabis consumption avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding tobacco consumption. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid tobacco consumption cessation of tobacco consumption tobacco consumption avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding smoking behavior. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid smoking behavior cessation of smoking behavior smoking behavior avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding consumption of an addictive substance. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid consumption of an addictive substance cessation of consumption of an addictive substance consumption of an addictive substance avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding agitation behavior. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid agitation behavior agitation avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding fear/anxiety related behavior. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid fear/anxiety related behavior fear or anxiety avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding sexual activity. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid sexual activity sexual activity avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding copulation. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid copulation copulation avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding stress related behavior. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-28T11:00:00Z avoid stress related behavior stress avoidance Genetic testing of one or more cells removed from early embryos conceived by in vitro fertilization and transferring to the mother's uterus only those embryos determined not to have the pathogenic variant(s)/chromosome anomaly(ies) of concern. 2022-03-21T14:25:49Z PGD PGS PGT preimplantation genetic screening preimplation genetic diagnosis preimplantation genetic testing Genetic testing of one or more cells removed from early embryos conceived by in vitro fertilization and transferring to the mother's uterus only those embryos determined not to have the pathogenic variant(s)/chromosome anomaly(ies) of concern. NCBIBook:NBK5191 PGD PGS PGT A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for all of the exons (protein coding region) in an individual. 2022-03-21T18:25:01Z NCIT:C101295 WES WXS exome sequencing whole exome sequencing Clinical Exome Sequencing is a test for identifying disease-causing DNA variants within the 1% of the genome which codes for proteins (exons) or flanks the regions which code for proteins (splice junctions). Sequence analysis of the exons of protein-coding genes in the genome typically performed by target enrichment or capture of exons followed by next-generation sequencing. clinical whole-exome sequencing WES WXS Clinical Exome Sequencing is a test for identifying disease-causing DNA variants within the 1% of the genome which codes for proteins (exons) or flanks the regions which code for proteins (splice junctions). Sequence analysis of the exons of protein-coding genes in the genome typically performed by target enrichment or capture of exons followed by next-generation sequencing. NCBIBook:NBK5191 The removal of the large intestine and rectum followed by making a pouch of the last part of the small intestine for solid material storage. The pouch is then sewn to the anus. 2022-03-28T15:44:07Z RPC-IPAA proctocolectomy with IPAA restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis RPC-IPAA A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for coding and non-coding regions in an individual. 2022-03-22T17:16:58Z WGS genome sequencing whole genome sequncing Sequence analysis of the genome including coding and noncoding regions typically performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of sheared genomic DNA. clinical whole genome sequencing WGS Sequence analysis of the genome including coding and noncoding regions typically performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of sheared genomic DNA. NCBIBook:NBK5191 Fetal echocardiography is a test that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to evaluate the structure and function of the fetus's heart. 2022-03-22T18:19:25Z fetal echo procedure fetal echocardiogram procedure prenatal echo procedure prenatal echocardiagraphy fetal echocardiography An application of diagnostic ultrasound used to detect moving blood cells or other moving structures and measure their direction and speed of movement. The Doppler effect is used to evaluate movement by measuring changes in frequency of the echoes reflected from moving structures. 2022-03-23T15:43:36Z Doppler ultrasonography The use of ultrasound on a pregnant person to produce images of structures in the kidney of the fetus. 2022-03-23T16:10:42Z fetal kidney ultrsonography fetal renal ultrasonography prenatal kidney ultrasonography prenatal renal sonography prenatal renal ultrasonography A surgical procedure where the whole colon is removed and the ileum is joined directly to the rectum. 2022-03-28T17:29:48Z colectomy with IRA colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis Surgical removal of part of the pancreas, duodenum, and distal part of the bile duct. Sometimes, the lower portion of the stomach and the gallbladder are also removed. This procedure is performed for pancreatic, ampullary, duodenal and distal bile duct cancers. 2022-03-28T17:35:35Z NCIT:C15356 Kausch-Whipple procedure Whipple procedure pancreaticoduodenectomy Surgical removal of part of the pancreas, duodenum, and distal part of the bile duct. Sometimes, the lower portion of the stomach and the gallbladder are also removed. This procedure is performed for pancreatic, ampullary, duodenal and distal bile duct cancers. NCIT:C15356 Infusion of red blood cells into a fetus through the umbilical code. 2022-03-28T19:32:20Z Foetal transfusion IUT fetal transfusion intrauterine transfusion percutaneous fetal transfusion percutaneous foetal transfusion intrauterine fetal transfusion Infusion of red blood cells into a fetus through the umbilical code. PMID:24903741 IUT Use of a drug or therapy that block neuromuscular transmission, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. 2022-03-28T21:04:52Z neuromuscular blocking agent therapy Treatment with a neuromuscular blocking agent and inhibitor of acetyl choline release at motor terminals. It can be used to treat certain ailments like cervical dystonia and sialorrhea. 2022-03-28T21:07:53Z botulinum toxin type B injection botulinum toxin type B therapy Treatment with Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxic protein which blocks release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions causing muscle paralysis. This therapy has many therapeutic uses including chronic migraine, spastic disorders, cervical dystonia, and detrusor hyperactivity. 2022-03-29T16:24:35Z botox injection botox therapy botulinum toxin injection botulinum toxin therapy Treatment with Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxic protein which blocks release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions causing muscle paralysis. This therapy has many therapeutic uses including chronic migraine, spastic disorders, cervical dystonia, and detrusor hyperactivity. PMID:32491319 Treatment with Botulinum toxin type A which can treat certain conditions. Currently it is used to smoothed wrinkles. It is also called Botox treatment. 2022-03-29T16:32:49Z botulinum toxin type A injection botulinum toxin type A therapy A set of tests or assessments to determine congnitive abilities of a patient. 2022-03-30T14:02:52Z cognitive tests cognitive assessment Evaluation for cognitive impairment by assessing the neuropsychological domains. 2022-03-30T14:05:42Z neuropsychological assessment Evaluation for cognitive impairment by assessing the neuropsychological domains. PMID:32310509 Evaluation of patient's cominucation involving naming, reading, writing, and repeating words. 2022-03-30T14:07:13Z language assessment Evaluation of patient's cominucation involving naming, reading, writing, and repeating words. PMID:32310509 Evaluation of organizing and planning ability, as well as working memory, mental flexibility, list-making, and execution of tasks. 2022-03-30T14:08:50Z executive function assessment Evaluation of organizing and planning ability, as well as working memory, mental flexibility, list-making, and execution of tasks. PMID:32310509 Evaluation of a patient's ability to analyze information, detect patterns, detect relationships, or problem solveing abilities on an intangible level. 2022-03-30T14:10:53Z abstract reasoning assessment Evaluation of a patient's ability to analyze information, detect patterns, detect relationships, or problem solveing abilities on an intangible level. PMID:32310509 Evaluation of short-term and long-term emory in a patient. 2022-03-30T14:12:36Z memory assessement Evaluation of short-term and long-term emory in a patient. PMID:32310509 Evaluation of a patient's concentration or attention to a prompt or test. 2022-03-30T14:14:33Z attention and concentration assessment Evaluation of a person’s ability to conceptualize and manipulate two- and three-dimensional objects. 2022-03-30T14:20:27Z visuospatial skill assessment Evaluation of a person’s ability to conceptualize and manipulate two- and three-dimensional objects. PMID:32310509 Surgical implantation of a device for the treatment of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. It works by transducing acoustic energy into an electrical signal, which is used to stimulate surviving spiral ganglion cells of the auditory nerve. 2022-03-31T20:40:42Z implantation of cochlear device implantation of cochlear prosthesis surgical introduction of cochlear implant cochlear device implantation Surgical implantation of a device for the treatment of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. It works by transducing acoustic energy into an electrical signal, which is used to stimulate surviving spiral ganglion cells of the auditory nerve. PMID:30931225 A procedure where a substance or object is inserted into the body. 2022-04-01T16:56:14Z introduction procedure A procedure to place an electrode in some part of the body for therapeutic purposes. 2022-04-01T17:01:07Z implantation of an electrode electrode implantation The surgical implantation of a central neural auditory prosthesis for treatment of profound sensorinerual hearing loss in patients who are not cochlear implant candidates due to a lack of anatomically intact cochlear nerves or implantable cochleae. 2022-04-01T18:27:27Z ABI auditory brainstem implantation The surgical implantation of a central neural auditory prosthesis for treatment of profound sensorinerual hearing loss in patients who are not cochlear implant candidates due to a lack of anatomically intact cochlear nerves or implantable cochleae. PMID:30931229 ABI Treatment to improve hearing. 2022-04-01T18:42:23Z auditory enhancement hearing therapy Use of hearing aids to improve hearing. 2022-04-01T18:54:14Z hearing aid usage Assessment and management of hearing loss. 2022-04-01T18:57:13Z adult audiologic rehabilitation aural rehab aural rehabilitation auditory rehabilitation Hearing therapy to help children born with hearing loss that have not learned to listen and talk. 2022-04-04T17:01:13Z child aural rehabilitation child hearing habilitation child audiologic habilitation A medical device inserted into the body to help control or monitor the heart and/or cardiovascular system. 2022-04-04T18:50:47Z CIED implantation cardiac implantable electronic device insertion implantation of a cardiac device cardiac device implantation Surgical insertion of an adjustable artificial electrical pulse generators into the body to interrogate and control the he pacing rate, the pulse width, and the voltage in order to a person's heart function. 2022-04-04T18:56:11Z pacemaker implantation Surgical insertion of an adjustable artificial electrical pulse generators into the body to interrogate and control the he pacing rate, the pulse width, and the voltage in order to a person's heart function. PMID:30252257 Insertion of a pacemaker that attaches one lead to the upper or lower heart chamber. 2022-04-04T19:14:01Z implantation of a single chamber pacemaker single chamber pacemaker implantation Insertion of a pacemaker that attaches one lead to the upper or lower heart chamber. PMID:32310471 The implantation of a pacemaker that uses two leads, one for the upper and one for lower chamber of the heart. 2022-04-04T19:17:56Z implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker dual-chamber pacemaker implantation The implantation of a pacemaker that uses two leads, one for the upper and one for lower chamber of the heart. PMID:32310471 Surgical insertion of a pacemaker that is used in cardiac resynchronization therapy. 2022-04-04T19:23:18Z implantation of biventricular pacemaker biventricular pacemaker implantion Surgical insertion of a pacemaker that is used in cardiac resynchronization therapy. PMID:32310471 Expandable tubular metallic devices inserted into coronary arteries. 2022-04-04T19:41:08Z PCI coronary angioplasty with stent placement percutaneous coronary intervention coronary stent insertion PCI Insertion of a medical device that delivers fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient's body in controlled amounts. 2022-04-04T20:03:04Z implantation of a fusion pump insertion of an infusion pump infusion pump implantation Insertion of a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion to regulate insulin levels in a patient. 2022-04-05T15:10:49Z continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump implantation insulin pump implantation A therapy used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to improve glucose control and/or reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. 2022-04-05T15:31:40Z CSII therapy insulin pump infusion therapy insulin pump therapy continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy A therapy used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to improve glucose control and/or reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. PMID:23760696 CSII therapy Use of a medical device that delivers fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient's body in controlled amounts. 2022-04-05T16:48:06Z infusion pump therapy Surgical removal of the opacified lens and implantation of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). 2022-04-05T18:10:41Z cataract extraction with IOL implantation cataract removal with intraocular lens insertion cataract surgery with artificial intraocular lens insertion cataract extraction with intraocular lens insertion Surgical incision into the eardrum to relieve pressure or drain fluid with placement of tympanostomy tubes to allow fluid to pass through the ear canal into the middle ear. 2022-04-05T18:39:00Z insertion of ear tubes myringotomy and tube placement myringotomy and insertion of tympanic ventilation tube myringotomy with placement of tympanostomy tube myringotomy and insertion of tympanic ventilation tube Surgical placement of a prosthetic device to replace a joint. 2022-04-05T19:13:44Z prosthetic arthoplasty implantation of joint prosthesis Surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint. 2022-04-05T19:15:51Z total knee arthoplasty total knee replacement A reconstructive proceder that surgically replaces the hip joint with an artificial prosthesis. 2022-04-05T19:19:25Z total hip replacement hip replacement A reconstructive proceder that surgically replaces the hip joint with an artificial prosthesis. PMID:7725707 Placement of a intrauterine contraceptive device that prevents pregnancy. 2022-04-05T19:30:10Z IUD implantation insertion of IUD insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device insertion of IUD Surgical removal of a mass without cutting into or dissecting it. 2022-04-11T16:22:02Z surgical enucleation enucleation Surgical procedure that involves removal of the entire globe and its intraocular contents, with preservation of all other periorbital and orbital structures. 2022-04-11T16:28:25Z removal of the eye orbital enucleation enucleation of the eye Surgical removal of tumor cells without removing surrounding tissue or organs. 2022-04-11T16:30:19Z tumor enucleation enucleation of a tumor A procedure that uses very small amounts of radioactive materials to examine organ function and structure. 2022-05-10T17:12:49Z nuclear medicine radiation biology procedure radiology-nuclear medicine procedure nuclear medicine procedure A procedure that uses very small amounts of radioactive materials to examine organ function and structure. A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by a clinical specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-02T15:54:47Z medical specialist examination A direct assessment of a patient's condition by an immunologist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-02T15:56:27Z NCIT:C74803 examination by immunologist A direct assessment of a patient's condition by a dermatologist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-02T15:57:40Z dermatologist examination examination by dermatologist A direct assessment of a patient's condition by an emergency medicine specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-02T16:09:47Z ED examination ER examination emergency medicine specialist examination emergency department physician examination emergency room physician examination examination by emergency medicine specialst A direct assessment of a patient's condition by a family medicine specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-02T16:19:37Z examination by family medicine specialist A direct assessment of a patient's condition by a neurologist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms.neurologist. 2022-05-02T16:30:32Z examination by a neurologist A direct assessment of a patient's condition by an obstetrics and gynecologist specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-02T17:30:59Z ob/gyn examination gynecologist examination obstetrics examination examination by ob/gyn specialist A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by a ophthalmologist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-02T17:43:19Z ophthalmologist examination examination by ophthalmologist A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by an otolaryngologist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-03T13:58:22Z examination by otolaryngologist A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by an orthopedic specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-03T15:44:47Z examination by orthopedist A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by a pediatric specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-03T15:45:49Z pediatric examination examination by pediatrician A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by a physical medicine and rehabilition specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-03T15:50:43Z examination by physical mediciane and rehabilitation specialist examination by physiatrist A test that involves the administration of intravenous contrast and X-ray imaging of the urinary tract. The iodinated contrast flows through the renal vasculature and filtered into the collecting system highlighting the anatomic structures on the X-ray image. 2022-05-10T18:02:12Z IVP intravenous urography intravenous pyelogram A test that involves the administration of intravenous contrast and X-ray imaging of the urinary tract. The iodinated contrast flows through the renal vasculature and filtered into the collecting system highlighting the anatomic structures on the X-ray image. PMID:32644460 IVP A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by a psychiatric specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-03T15:57:23Z psychiatric examination examination by psychiatrist A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by a urology specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-03T15:57:55Z examination by urologist A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by an allied health professional specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2022-05-03T16:13:07Z examination by allied health professional allied health professional examination The determination of the type and/or amount of vitamins in a sample. 2022-05-04T20:45:27Z vitamin measurement Delivery of a gamma-emitting radioisotope (a radionuclide) into the patient, normally through injection into the bloodstream and detected by gamma camera The radioisotope could be is a simple soluble dissolved ion, such as an isotope of gallium(III), or a marker radioisotope is attached to a specific ligand to create a radioligand targeting a place of interest in the body. 2022-05-10T18:09:15Z SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography Surgeical procedure to restore or replace physical defects of form or function. Physical defects could be a consequence of birth defects, trauma, or medical conditions. 2022-06-02T17:19:14Z surgery to repair surgical reconstruction surgical repair Elective surgeries to improve or correct patients body imperfections or appearance. These surgeries can address imperfections due to preference, congenital, acquired, illness, or traumatic or para-physiological events such as aging. 2022-06-13T16:08:56Z cosmetic plastic surgery Elective surgeries to improve or correct patients body imperfections or appearance. These surgeries can address imperfections due to preference, congenital, acquired, illness, or traumatic or para-physiological events such as aging. PMID:28194357 A procedure for increasing the size of the breast using a prosthetic implant. 2022-06-13T16:53:05Z augmentation mammoplasty breast implantation surgery breast augmentation surgery A surgical procedure to remove excess skin and fat from the abdomen. 2022-06-13T17:23:10Z tummy tuck abdominoplasty A surgical procedure to remove excess skin and fat from the abdomen. NCIT:C158024 A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of the body part. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. 2022-06-13T20:16:10Z reconstructive plastic surgery A surgical procedure that is performed for therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue. 2022-06-13T20:26:49Z plastic surgery A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of lip. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-06-15T17:44:45Z lip surgical plastic reconstruction cheiloplasty A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of secondary palate. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-06-15T17:44:59Z secondary palate surgical plastic reconstruction palatorrhaphy A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of breast. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-06-15T17:45:14Z breast surgical plastic reconstruction mammoplasty Surgery using incisional, excisional, or use of local/regional flaps to repair burned areas. 2022-06-15T17:47:00Z burn reconstructive surgery reconstructive burn surgery Surgery using incisional, excisional, or use of local/regional flaps to repair burned areas. PMID:15284153 Surgical reconstruction or replacement of all or part of a malformed, diseased, degenerated, or otherwise damaged joint. NCIT:C51691 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-06-15T17:47:14Z NCIT:C51691 joint repair surgery skeletal joint surgical repair arthroplasty A surgery that fixes or mends knee joint. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-06-15T17:47:24Z arthroplasty of knee knee joint surgical repair knee repair surgery knee arthroplasty A surgery that fixes or mends hip joint. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-06-15T17:47:36Z arthroplasty of hip joint hip joint repair hip joint surgical repair hip arthroplasty Surgical replacement of part or all of a damaged knee joint with an artificial joint. 2022-06-15T18:05:58Z knee replacement surgery Surgical replacement of all parts of a damaged knee joint with an artificial joint. 2022-06-15T18:06:11Z total knee replacement surgery Surgical replacement of all parts of a damaged knee joint with an artificial joint. NCIT:C51565 The surgery to correct a torn knee ligament involves replacing the ligament with a piece of healthy tendon. 2022-06-15T18:16:25Z knee joint ligament repair repair of ligament of knee joint repair of knee ligament A procedure that delivers a single, highly concentrated dose of ionizing radiation from an external source to a small, precise target using 3-D computerized imaging to focus beams. There is no incision, but this technique distorts and destroys the DNA of tumor cells in a highly directed fashion. 2022-06-17T19:33:11Z SRS stereotactic radiosurgery A procedure that delivers a single, highly concentrated dose of ionizing radiation from an external source to a small, precise target using 3-D computerized imaging to focus beams. There is no incision, but this technique distorts and destroys the DNA of tumor cells in a highly directed fashion. SRS A type of stereotactic surgery that uses specialized equipment to focus approximately 200 beams of radiation on a tumor or other target with submillimeter accuracy. 2022-06-17T20:36:46Z Gamma Knife surgery stereotactic radiosurgery using Gamma Knife A type of sterotactic radiosurgery using photons to treat cancerous and noncancerous abnormalities via a linear accelerator (LINAC) machine. 2022-06-17T20:43:21Z stereotactic radiosurgery using LINAC stereotactic radiosurgery using Linear Accelerator External radiation therapy that is directed at a specific body part/tumor over a fractionated treatment schedule. 2022-06-17T20:48:57Z SRT stereotactic radiation therapy SRT A method of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) that accurately delivers a high irradiation dose to an extracranial target in one or few treatment fractions 2022-06-20T18:56:35Z SBRT stereotactic body radiation therapy A method of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) that accurately delivers a high irradiation dose to an extracranial target in one or few treatment fractions PMID:24052011 SBRT A type of stereotactic radiosurgery that uses prroton beams. 2022-06-20T19:49:50Z Proton beam radiosurgery stereotactic radiosurgery using proton beam therapy Treatment with zinc (typically a zinc salt, like zinc acetate or zinc sulfate) with an expected therapeutic benefit. 2022-08-18T18:20:16Z treatment with zinc zinc treatment Zinc therapy can induce metallothionein zinc therapy Use of a drug that inhibits Janus kinases. 2022-08-17T19:11:56Z JAK inhibitor therapy Janus kinase (JAK) Inhibitors are the latest drug class of disease-modifying medication to emerge for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are a small molecule-targeted treatment and are the first oral option to compare favourably to existing biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Janus kinase inhibitor therapy Janus kinase (JAK) Inhibitors are the latest drug class of disease-modifying medication to emerge for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are a small molecule-targeted treatment and are the first oral option to compare favourably to existing biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). PMID:32982367 Treatment with a substance that inhibits GABA trasaminase. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-08-18T11:00:00Z GABA transaminase inhibitor treatment with EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor GABA transaminase inhibitor agent therapy Use of a swab as the collection device to obtain clinical specimens. 2022-12-08T16:49:02Z clinical swab collection clinical biospecimen swab collection Assistance provided by clinicians and public health practitioners to enhance an individual and/or their family’s self-efficacy in managing one or more conditions. This assistance can include activities such as patient education, support for lifestyle modifications, and support to help individuals develop the skills needed for effective chronic disease management. 2023-01-05T18:53:29Z patient health-management support and education Assistance provided by clinicians and public health practitioners to enhance an individual and/or their family’s self-efficacy in managing one or more conditions. This assistance can include activities such as patient education, support for lifestyle modifications, and support to help individuals develop the skills needed for effective chronic disease management. Services and supports provided to babies and young children with developmental delays and disabilities and their families. These may include speech therapy, physical therapy, and other types of services based on the needs of the child and family. They can have a significant impact on a child’s ability to learn new skills and overcome challenges and can increase success in school and life. 2023-01-05T19:13:08Z NCIT:C159524 early intervention A range of targeted services and supports that are available to babies and young children with developmental delays or specific health conditions. [ NCI ] early intervention services Services and supports provided to babies and young children with developmental delays and disabilities and their families. These may include speech therapy, physical therapy, and other types of services based on the needs of the child and family. They can have a significant impact on a child’s ability to learn new skills and overcome challenges and can increase success in school and life. A range of targeted services and supports that are available to babies and young children with developmental delays or specific health conditions. [ NCI ] NCIT:C159524 An education and support system that addresses the comprehensive blend of clinical, educational, psychosocial, and behavioral aspects of care needed for daily self-management and provides the foundation to help all people with diabetes navigate their daily self-care with confidence and improved outcomes. 2023-01-05T19:25:22Z diabetes self-management support and education diabetes self health-management support and education An education and support system that addresses the comprehensive blend of clinical, educational, psychosocial, and behavioral aspects of care needed for daily self-management and provides the foundation to help all people with diabetes navigate their daily self-care with confidence and improved outcomes. PMID:32513817 A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of gluten. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-07-11T09:00:01Z avoid gluten intake avoiding dietary gluten intake celiac dietary intake gluten consumption avoidance gluten restricted diet intake gluten restriction gluten-free dietary intake Intake may interfere with disease treatment, prolong the recovery phase, or cause complications. dietary gluten intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of liquid chemical food component. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-07-11T09:00:01Z avoid liquid chemical food component intake avoiding dietary liquid chemical food component intake liquid chemical food component consumption avoidance liquid chemical food component restricted diet intake liquid chemical food component restriction dietary liquid chemical food component intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of protein extract, concentrate or isolate. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T02:36:00Z avoid protein extract, concentrate or isolate intake avoiding dietary protein extract, concentrate or isolate intake protein extract, concentrate or isolate consumption avoidance protein extract, concentrate or isolate restricted diet intake protein extract, concentrate or isolate restriction protein intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fat or oil. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T02:36:00Z avoid fat or oil intake avoiding dietary fat or oil intake fat or oil consumption avoidance fat or oil restricted diet intake fat or oil restriction dietary fat or oil intake avoidance Addition of amino-acid betaine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-07-11T09:00:01Z amino-acid betaine supplemental intake dietary supplementation of amino-acid betaine supplementation of amino-acid betaine supplementation with betaine betaine supplementation Addition of folates to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-07-11T09:00:01Z dietary supplementation of folates folates supplemental intake supplementation of folates supplementation with folate folate supplementation Addition of carnitine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T02:36:00Z carnitine supplemental intake dietary supplementation of carnitine supplementation of carnitine carnitine supplementation Addition of methionine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T02:36:00Z dietary supplementation of methionine methionine supplemental intake supplementation of methionine methionine supplementation Addition of creatine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z creatine supplemental intake dietary supplementation of creatine supplementation of creatine creatine supplementation Addition of arginine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z arginine supplemental intake dietary supplementation of arginine supplementation of arginine arginine supplementation Addition of biotins to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z biotins supplemental intake dietary supplementation of biotins supplementation of biotins biotin supplementation Addition of chenodeoxycholic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z chenodeoxycholic acid supplemental intake dietary supplementation of chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation of chenodeoxycholic acid chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation Addition of coenzyme Q10 to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z coenzyme Q10 supplemental intake dietary supplementation of coenzyme Q10 supplementation of coenzyme Q10 coenzyme Q10 supplementation Addition of glycine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of glycine glycine supplemental intake supplementation of glycine glycine supplementation Addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z N-acetyl-L-cysteine supplemental intake dietary supplementation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine supplementation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine supplementation Addition of ornithine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of ornithine ornithine supplemental intake supplementation of ornithine ornithine supplementation Addition of riboflavin to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of riboflavin riboflavin supplemental intake supplementation of riboflavin riboflavin supplementation Addition of vitamin B6 to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of vitamin B6 supplementation of vitamin B6 vitamin B6 supplemental intake vitamin B6 supplementation Addition of citrulline to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z citrulline supplemental intake dietary supplementation of citrulline supplementation of citrulline citrulline supplementation Addition of vitamin B1 to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of vitamin B1 supplementation of vitamin B1 vitamin B1 supplemental intake vitamin B1 supplementation Addition of amino acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z NCIT:C15509 amino acid supplemental intake dietary supplementation of amino acid supplementation of amino acid A concentrated dietary supplement for injection containing the essential amino acids leucine, isoleucine, lysine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan as well as the non-essential amino acids alanine, arginine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine, with potential anabolic and anti-catabolic activities. Upon dilution and intravenous infusion of the amino acid nutritional supplement, the amino acids serve as protein building blocks, promote protein synthesis in muscle cells and prevent protein breakdown. NCIT:C15509 amino acid supplementation Addition of L-serine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z L-serine supplemental intake dietary supplementation of L-serine supplementation of L-serine serine supplementation Addition of uridine to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of uridine supplementation of uridine uridine supplemental intake uridine supplementation Addition of medium-chain fatty acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of medium-chain fatty acid medium-chain fatty acid supplemental intake supplementation of medium-chain fatty acid medium-chain fatty acid supplementation Addition of essential fatty acid to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of essential fatty acid essential fatty acid supplemental intake supplementation of essential fatty acid essential fatty acid supplementation Addition of cholesterol to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z cholesterol supplemental intake dietary supplementation of cholesterol supplementation of cholesterol cholesterol supplementation Addition of elemental zinc to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of elemental zinc dietary supplementation of zin elemental zinc supplemental intake supplementation of elemental zinc supplementation of zinc zinc supplemental intake Addition of zinc to a the diet for complete nutrition support. zinc supplementation Addition of hydroxocobalamin to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of hydroxocobalamin hydroxocobalamin supplemental intake supplementation of hydroxocobalamin hydroxocobalamin supplementation Addition of cyanocob(III)alamin to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z cyanocob(III)alamin supplemental intake dietary supplementation of cyanocob(III)alamin supplementation of cyanocob(III)alamin cyanocobalamin supplementation Addition of methylcobalamin to a diet for complete nutrition support. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-13T04:45:00Z dietary supplementation of methylcobalamin methylcobalamin supplemental intake supplementation of methylcobalamin methylcobalamin supplementation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) bone marrow from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-07-11T09:00:01Z NCIT:C15194 bone marrow grafting transplantation of bone marrow bone marrow transplantation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) bone tissue from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z transplantation of bone tissue bone grafting The surgical transfer of a whole heart from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z NCIT:C15246 heart transplantation transplantation of whole heart cardiac transplantation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) umbilical cord blood from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z UCBT cord blood transplantation transplantation of umbilical cord blood umbilical cord blood transplantation The surgical transfer of a whole cornea from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z NCIT:C50514 keratoplasty transplantation of whole cornea corneal transplantation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) dura mater from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z dura mater transplantation transplantation of dura mater dura mater graft The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) intestine from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z transplantation of intestine intestinal transplantation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) small intestine from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z small bowel transplantation transplantation of small intestine small intestine transplantation The surgical transfer of a whole lung from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z NCIT:C15274 transplantation of whole lung whole lung transplantation surgical procedure whole lung transplantation The transfer of an organ, or organ subpart, from one body to another. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z NCIT:C122934 organ graft transplantation of organ organ transplantation The surgical transfer of a whole ovary from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z transplantation of whole ovary whole ovary transplantation ovarian transplantation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) zone of skin from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z NCIT:C15325 skin transplantation transplantation of zone of skin skin grafting The surgical transfer of a whole thymus from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-20T10:00:01Z thymus transplantation transplantation of whole thymus whole thymic transplantation whole thymus transplantation thymic transplantation The surgical transfer of a whole kidney from a donor to a patient. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T10:00:01Z NCIT:C15265 transplantation of whole kidney whole kidney transplantation A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of alcoholic beverage. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2019-11-18T11:00:00Z alcoholic beverage consumption avoidance alcoholic beverage restricted diet intake alcoholic beverage restriction avoid alcoholic beverage intake avoiding dietary alcoholic beverage intake alcohol intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of broad bean. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid broad bean intake avoiding dietary broad bean intake broad bean consumption avoidance broad bean restricted diet intake broad bean restriction fava bean avoidance fava bean consumption avoidance windsor bean intake avoidance fava bean intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of mammalian meat food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid mammalian meat food product intake avoiding dietary mammalian meat food product intake mammalian meat food product consumption avoidance mammalian meat food product restricted diet intake mammalian meat food product restriction dietary mammalian meat food product intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of nut food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid nut food product intake avoiding dietary nut food product intake nut food product consumption avoidance nut food product restricted diet intake nut food product restriction dietary nut food product intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of saffron food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid saffron food product intake avoiding dietary saffron food product intake saffron food product consumption avoidance saffron food product restricted diet intake saffron food product restriction dietary saffron food product intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of animal seafood product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z animal seafood product consumption avoidance animal seafood product restricted diet intake animal seafood product restriction avoid animal seafood product intake avoiding dietary animal seafood product intake dietary animal seafood product intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of mussel food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid mussel food product intake avoiding dietary mussel food product intake mussel food product consumption avoidance mussel food product restricted diet intake mussel food product restriction dietary mussel food product intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of clove food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid clove food product intake avoiding dietary clove food product intake clove food product consumption avoidance clove food product restricted diet intake clove food product restriction dietary clove food product intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of dark chocolate. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid dark chocolate intake avoiding dietary dark chocolate intake dark chocolate consumption avoidance dark chocolate restricted diet intake dark chocolate restriction dietary dark chocolate intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of pumpkin seed (shell off). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid pumpkin seed (shell off) intake avoiding dietary pumpkin seed (shell off) intake pumpkin seed (shell off) consumption avoidance pumpkin seed (shell off) restricted diet intake pumpkin seed (shell off) restriction pumpkin seed intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sesame seed. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid sesame seed intake avoiding dietary sesame seed intake sesame seed consumption avoidance sesame seed restricted diet intake sesame seed restriction dietary sesame seed intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-13T11:00:00Z avoid sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) intake avoiding dietary sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) intake sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) consumption avoidance sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) restricted diet intake sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) restriction sunflower seed intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of liver (raw). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid liver (raw) intake avoiding dietary liver (raw) intake liver (raw) consumption avoidance liver (raw) restricted diet intake liver (raw) restriction liver intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of egg or egg component. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid egg or egg component intake avoiding dietary egg or egg component intake egg or egg component consumption avoidance egg or egg component restricted diet intake egg or egg component restriction egg intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of kidney (raw). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid kidney (raw) intake avoiding dietary kidney (raw) intake kidney (raw) consumption avoidance kidney (raw) restricted diet intake kidney (raw) restriction kidney intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of peas (rehydrated, canned). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid peas (rehydrated, canned) intake avoiding dietary peas (rehydrated, canned) intake peas (rehydrated, canned) consumption avoidance peas (rehydrated, canned) restricted diet intake peas (rehydrated, canned) restriction pea intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of bean food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid bean food product intake avoiding dietary bean food product intake bean food product consumption avoidance bean food product restricted diet intake bean food product restriction bean intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of peanut. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid peanut intake avoiding dietary peanut intake peanut consumption avoidance peanut restricted diet intake peanut restriction peanut intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of soybean refined food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid soybean refined food product intake avoiding dietary soybean refined food product intake soya intake avoiance soybean refined food product consumption avoidance soybean refined food product restricted diet intake soybean refined food product restriction soy intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) consumption avoidance 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) restricted diet intake 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) restriction avoid 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) intake avoid brassicas intake avoiding dietary 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) intake brassicas vegetable intake avoidance brassicas intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of brussels sprout food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid brussels sprout food product intake avoiding dietary brussels sprout food product intake brussels sprout food product consumption avoidance brussels sprout food product restricted diet intake brussels sprout food product restriction brussels sprout intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of broccoli food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid broccoli food product intake avoiding dietary broccoli food product intake broccoli food product consumption avoidance broccoli food product restricted diet intake broccoli food product restriction broccoli intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cabbage head food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid cabbage head food product intake avoiding dietary cabbage head food product intake cabbage head food product consumption avoidance cabbage head food product restricted diet intake cabbage head food product restriction cabbage intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cauliflower food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid cauliflower food product intake avoiding dietary cauliflower food product intake cauliflower food product consumption avoidance cauliflower food product restricted diet intake cauliflower food product restriction cauliflower intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of rapeseed food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid rapeseed food product intake avoiding dietary rapeseed food product intake rapeseed food product consumption avoidance rapeseed food product restricted diet intake rapeseed food product restriction rapeseed intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of rapeseed oil. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid rapeseed oil intake avoiding dietary rapeseed oil intake rapeseed oil consumption avoidance rapeseed oil restricted diet intake rapeseed oil restriction dietary rapeseed oil intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of rapeseed meal. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid rapeseed meal intake avoiding dietary rapeseed meal intake rapeseed meal consumption avoidance rapeseed meal restricted diet intake rapeseed meal restriction rapeseed flour intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cephalopod. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid cephalopod intake avoiding dietary cephalopod intake cephalopod consumption avoidance cephalopod restricted diet intake cephalopod restriction dietary cephalopod intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of crustacean. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid crustacean intake avoiding dietary crustacean intake crustacean consumption avoidance crustacean restricted diet intake crustacean restriction dietary crustacean intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of barley malt beer beverage. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid barley malt beer beverage intake avoiding dietary barley malt beer beverage intake barley malt beer beverage consumption avoidance barley malt beer beverage restricted diet intake barley malt beer beverage restriction dietary barley malt beer beverage intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of corn syrup (high fructose). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid corn syrup (high fructose) intake avoiding dietary corn syrup (high fructose) intake corn syrup (high fructose) consumption avoidance corn syrup (high fructose) restricted diet intake corn syrup (high fructose) restriction dietary corn syrup (high fructose) intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sorbitol syrup. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid sorbitol syrup intake avoiding dietary sorbitol syrup intake dietary sorbitol intake avoidance sorbitol intake avoidance sorbitol syrup consumption avoidance sorbitol syrup restricted diet intake sorbitol syrup restriction dietary sorbitol syrup intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of human milk based food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid human milk based food product intake avoiding dietary human milk based food product intake human milk based food product consumption avoidance human milk based food product restricted diet intake human milk based food product restriction human milk intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cow milk based food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid cow milk based food product intake avoiding dietary cow milk based food product intake bovine milk intake avoidance cow milk based food product consumption avoidance cow milk based food product restricted diet intake cow milk based food product restriction cow milk intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fruit (raw). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid fruit (raw) intake avoiding dietary fruit (raw) intake fruit (raw) consumption avoidance fruit (raw) restricted diet intake fruit (raw) restriction fruit intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of hen egg (shell off, raw). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid hen egg (shell off, raw) intake avoiding dietary hen egg (shell off, raw) intake hen egg (shell off, raw) consumption avoidance hen egg (shell off, raw) restricted diet intake hen egg (shell off, raw) restriction raw egg intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fruit juice food product. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid fruit juice food product intake avoiding dietary fruit juice food product intake fruit juice food product consumption avoidance fruit juice food product restricted diet intake fruit juice food product restriction fruit juice intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sugar cane juice (pure). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid sugar cane juice (pure) intake avoiding dietary sugar cane juice (pure) intake sugar cane juice (pure) consumption avoidance sugar cane juice (pure) restricted diet intake sugar cane juice (pure) restriction cane juice intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of organ meat. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid organ meat intake avoiding dietary organ meat intake organ meat consumption avoidance organ meat restricted diet intake organ meat restriction dietary organ meat intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of isoleucine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T09:00:01Z avoid isoleucine intake avoiding dietary isoleucine intake isoleucine consumption avoidance isoleucine restricted diet intake isoleucine restriction dietary isoleucine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of arginine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z arginine consumption avoidance arginine restricted diet intake arginine restriction avoid arginine intake avoiding dietary arginine intake dietary arginine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of lysine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid lysine intake avoiding dietary lysine intake lysine consumption avoidance lysine restricted diet intake lysine restriction dietary lysine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of methionine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid methionine intake avoiding dietary methionine intake methionine consumption avoidance methionine restricted diet intake methionine restriction dietary methionine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of glycine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid glycine intake avoiding dietary glycine intake glycine consumption avoidance glycine restricted diet intake glycine restriction dietary glycine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of phenylalanine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid phenylalanine intake avoiding dietary phenylalanine intake phenylalanine consumption avoidance phenylalanine restricted diet intake phenylalanine restriction dietary phenylalanine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of tyrosine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid tyrosine intake avoiding dietary tyrosine intake tyrosine consumption avoidance tyrosine restricted diet intake tyrosine restriction dietary tyrosine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sodium atom. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid sodium atom intake avoiding dietary sodium atom intake sodium atom consumption avoidance sodium atom restricted diet intake sodium atom restriction sodium restriction dietary sodium intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of galactose. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid galactose intake avoiding dietary galactose intake galactose consumption avoidance galactose restricted diet intake galactose restriction dietary galactose intake avoidance obsolete cholesterol intake avoidance true A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cholesterol. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid cholesterol intake avoiding dietary cholesterol intake cholesterol consumption avoidance cholesterol restricted diet intake cholesterol restriction dietary cholesterol intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of iron atom. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid iron atom intake avoiding dietary iron atom intake dietary iron restriction dietary iron supplementation avoidance excessive iron consumption avoidance iron atom consumption avoidance iron atom restricted diet intake iron atom restriction dietary iron intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of ascorbic acid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z ascorbic acid consumption avoidance ascorbic acid restricted diet intake ascorbic acid restriction avoid ascorbic acid intake avoiding dietary ascorbic acid intake dietary ascorbic acid intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of branched-chain amino acid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z BCAA-free diet recommendation avoid branched chain amino acids ingestion avoid branched-chain amino acid intake avoiding dietary branched-chain amino acid intake branched chain amino acid intake avoidance branched chain amino acid restriction branched-chain amino acid consumption avoidance branched-chain amino acid restricted diet intake branched-chain amino acid restriction low BCAA diet intake low BCAA diet recommendation dietary branched-chain amino acid intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of trimethylamine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid trimethylamine intake avoiding dietary trimethylamine intake trimethylamine consumption avoidance trimethylamine restricted diet intake trimethylamine restriction dietary trimethylamine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of choline. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid choline intake avoiding dietary choline intake choline consumption avoidance choline restricted diet intake choline restriction dietary choline intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of trimethylamine N-oxide. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid trimethylamine N-oxide intake avoiding dietary trimethylamine N-oxide intake trimethylamine N-oxide consumption avoidance trimethylamine N-oxide restricted diet intake trimethylamine N-oxide restriction dietary trimethylamine N-oxide intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of lecithin. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid lecithin intake avoiding dietary lecithin intake lecithin consumption avoidance lecithin restricted diet intake lecithin restriction dietary lecithin intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sterol. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid sterol intake avoiding dietary sterol intake sterol consumption avoidance sterol restricted diet intake sterol restriction dietary sterol intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of purine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid purine intake avoiding dietary purine intake purine consumption avoidance purine restricted diet intake purine restriction dietary purine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fructose. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid fructose intake avoiding dietary fructose intake fructose consumption avoidance fructose restricted diet intake fructose restriction low fructose diet intake dietary fructose intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of lactose. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid lactose intake avoiding dietary lactose intake lactose consumption avoidance lactose restricted diet intake lactose restriction dietary lactose intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of leucine. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid leucine intake avoiding dietary leucine intake leucine consumption avoidance leucine restricted diet intake leucine restriction dietary leucine intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of oxalate. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid oxalate intake avoiding dietary oxalate intake oxalate consumption avoidance oxalate restricted diet intake oxalate restriction dietary oxalate intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of phosphate. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid phosphate intake avoiding dietary phosphate intake phosphate consumption avoidance phosphate restricted diet intake phosphate restriction dietary phosphate intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of saturated fatty acid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid saturated fatty acid intake avoiding dietary saturated fatty acid intake saturated fatty acid consumption avoidance saturated fatty acid restricted diet intake saturated fatty acid restriction saturated fat intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of calcium atom. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid calcium atom intake avoiding dietary calcium atom intake calcium atom consumption avoidance calcium atom restricted diet intake calcium atom restriction dietary calcium avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sucrose. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid sucrose intake avoiding dietary sucrose intake sucrose consumption avoidance sucrose restricted diet intake sucrose restriction dietary sucrose intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of triglyceride. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid triglyceride intake avoiding dietary triglyceride intake triglyceride consumption avoidance triglyceride restricted diet intake triglyceride restriction dietary triglyceride intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of riboflavin. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z B12 restriction avoid riboflavin intake avoiding dietary riboflavin intake riboflavin consumption avoidance riboflavin restricted diet intake riboflavin restriction vitamin B12 intake avoidance dietary riboflavin intake avoidance A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of phytanic acid. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T11:00:00Z avoid phytanic acid intake avoiding dietary phytanic acid intake phytanic acid consumption avoidance phytanic acid restricted diet intake phytanic acid restriction dietary phytanic acid intake avoidance Use of agent or drug to regulate reproduction. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-109T11:00:00Z treatment with reproductive control drug reproductive control agent therapy The use of an agent or drug to interupt pregnancy after implantation. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-109T11:00:00Z treatment with abortifacient aborifacient agent therapy Use of drug or agent to suppress uterine contractions thereby suppressing premature labor and birth. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-109T11:00:00Z treatment with tocolytic agent tocolytic agent therapy Use of a drug or agent to prevent or reduce probability of contraception. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-109T11:00:00Z treatment with contraceptive drug contraceptive agent therapy Use of drug or agent with contraceptive activity in females. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-109T11:00:00Z treatment with female contraceptive drug female contraceptive agent therapy Use of a compound or agent to block ovulation and prevent occurance of pregnancy. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-11-109T11:00:00Z birth control therapy treatment with oral contraceptive The use of these drugs or agents have many other uses beyond pregnancy control. oral contraceptive agent therapy Collection biological material from within the tongue with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2023-11-30T20:39:14Z swab collection of tongue tongue swab collection A method of ultrasound imaging in which the ultrasound probe is pressed against the skin of the abdomen in order to create an image of the abdominal organs. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z NCIT:C71375 TUS abdomen diagnostic sonography abdomen medical ultrasound abdomen sonography abdomen ultrasound examination abdomen ultrasound imaging procedure abdomen ultrasound procedure abdominal sonography abdominal ultrasound diagnostic abdominal ultrasound diagnostic transabdominal ultrasound medical transabdominal ultrasound sonography of abdomen transabdominal sonography transabdominal ultrasound ultrasonography of abdomen abdominal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the body of uterus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z body of uterus diagnostic sonography body of uterus medical ultrasound body of uterus sonography body of uterus ultrasound examination body of uterus ultrasound imaging procedure body of uterus ultrasound procedure sonography of body of uterus ultrasonography of body of uterus uterine ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the breast. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z breast diagnostic sonography breast medical ultrasound breast sonography breast ultrasound examination breast ultrasound imaging procedure breast ultrasound procedure sonography of breast ultrasonography of breast breast ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z cardiac echo procedure echo procedure echocardiogram procedure heart diagnostic sonography heart medical ultrasound heart sonography heart ultrasound examination heart ultrasound imaging procedure heart ultrasound procedure sonography of heart ultrasonography of heart echocardiography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the liver. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z liver diagnostic sonography liver medical ultrasound liver sonography liver ultrasound examination liver ultrasound imaging procedure liver ultrasound procedure sonography of liver ultrasonography of liver liver ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the lung. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z lung diagnostic sonography lung medical ultrasound lung sonography lung ultrasound examination lung ultrasound imaging procedure lung ultrasound procedure sonography of lung ultrasonography of lung lung ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the lymph node. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z lymph node diagnostic sonography lymph node medical ultrasound lymph node sonography lymph node ultrasound examination lymph node ultrasound imaging procedure lymph node ultrasound procedure sonography of lymph node ultrasonography of lymph node lymph node ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the musculoskeletal system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z musculoskeletal system diagnostic sonography musculoskeletal system medical ultrasound musculoskeletal system sonography musculoskeletal system ultrasound examination musculoskeletal system ultrasound imaging procedure musculoskeletal system ultrasound procedure sonography of musculoskeletal system ultrasonography of musculoskeletal system musculoskeletal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the neck. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z neck diagnostic sonography neck medical ultrasound neck sonography neck ultrasound examination neck ultrasound imaging procedure neck ultrasound procedure sonography of neck ultrasonography of neck neck ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the pancreas. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z pancreas diagnostic sonography pancreas medical ultrasound pancreas sonography pancreas ultrasound examination pancreas ultrasound imaging procedure pancreas ultrasound procedure sonography of pancreas ultrasonography of pancreas pancreatic ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the rectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z rectum diagnostic sonography rectum medical ultrasound rectum sonography rectum ultrasound examination rectum ultrasound imaging procedure rectum ultrasound procedure sonography of rectum ultrasonography of rectum rectal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the scrotum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z scrotum diagnostic sonography scrotum medical ultrasound scrotum sonography scrotum ultrasound examination scrotum ultrasound imaging procedure scrotum ultrasound procedure sonography of scrotum ultrasonography of scrotum scrotal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the spleen. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z sonography of spleen spleen diagnostic sonography spleen medical ultrasound spleen sonography spleen ultrasound examination spleen ultrasound imaging procedure spleen ultrasound procedure ultrasonography of spleen spleen ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the stomach. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z sonography of stomach stomach diagnostic sonography stomach medical ultrasound stomach sonography stomach ultrasound examination stomach ultrasound imaging procedure stomach ultrasound procedure ultrasonography of stomach stomach ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the thyroid gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z sonography of thyroid gland thyroid gland diagnostic sonography thyroid gland medical ultrasound thyroid gland sonography thyroid gland ultrasound examination thyroid gland ultrasound imaging procedure thyroid gland ultrasound procedure ultrasonography of thyroid gland thyroid ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the urinary bladder. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z sonography of urinary bladder ultrasonography of urinary bladder urinary bladder diagnostic sonography urinary bladder medical ultrasound urinary bladder sonography urinary bladder ultrasound examination urinary bladder ultrasound imaging procedure urinary bladder ultrasound procedure bladder ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the vagina. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z sonography of vagina ultrasonography of vagina vagina diagnostic sonography vagina medical ultrasound vagina sonography vagina ultrasound examination vagina ultrasound imaging procedure vagina ultrasound procedure vaginal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the kidney. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z kidney diagnostic sonography kidney medical ultrasound kidney sonography kidney ultrasound examination kidney ultrasound imaging procedure kidney ultrasound procedure sonography of kidney ultrasonography of kidney renal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the carotid artery segment. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z carotid artery segment diagnostic sonography carotid artery segment medical ultrasound carotid artery segment sonography carotid artery segment ultrasound examination carotid artery segment ultrasound imaging procedure carotid artery segment ultrasound procedure carotid ultrasound imaging sonography of carotid artery segment ultrasonography of carotid artery segment carotid ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the pelvic region of trunk. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z pelvic region of trunk diagnostic sonography pelvic region of trunk medical ultrasound pelvic region of trunk sonography pelvic region of trunk ultrasound examination pelvic region of trunk ultrasound imaging procedure pelvic region of trunk ultrasound procedure pelvic sonography pelvis sonography sonography of pelvic region of trunk ultrasonography of pelvic region of trunk pelvis ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the prostate gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z prostate gland diagnostic sonography prostate gland medical ultrasound prostate gland sonography prostate gland ultrasound examination prostate gland ultrasound imaging procedure prostate gland ultrasound procedure sonography of prostate gland ultrasonography of prostate gland prostate ultrasonography obsolete testicular ultrasonography true The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the brain. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-01-24T20:39:14Z brain diagnostic sonography brain medical ultrasound brain sonography brain ultrasound examination brain ultrasound imaging procedure brain ultrasound procedure sonography of brain ultrasonography of brain neurosonology Collection biological material from within the rectum with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z anal swab swab collection of rectum rectal swab collection Collection biological material from within the vagina with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z swab collection of vagina vaginal swab collection Collection biological material from within the buccal mucosa with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z oral swab swab collection of buccal mucosa buccal swab collection Collection biological material from within the nasal turbinal with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2974 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z swab collection of nasal turbinal nasal turbinal swab collection Collection biological material from within the nasopharynx with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z swab collection of nasopharynx nasopharyngeal swab collection Collection biological material from within the zone of skin with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z swab collection of zone of skin skin swab collection Collection biological material from within the oropharynx with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z swab collection of oropharynx oropharyngeal swab collection Collection biological material from within the external naris with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z anterior naris swab swab collection of external naris anterior nares swab collection Collection biological material from within the throat with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 2020-03-27T20:39:14Z swab collection of throat throat swab collection The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the abdomen. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of abdomen CT of abdomen abdomen CAT scan abdomen CT examination abdomen computed tomography abdomen computerized axial tomography abdominal CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the head. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of head CT of head head CAT scan head CT examination head computed tomography head computerized axial tomography head CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the liver. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2965 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of liver CT of liver liver CAT scan liver CT examination liver computed tomography liver computerized axial tomography liver CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the lung. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2969 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of lung CT of lung lung CAT scan lung CT examination lung computed tomography lung computerized axial tomography lung CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the neck. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2979 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of neck CT of neck neck CAT scan neck CT examination neck computed tomography neck computerized axial tomography neck CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the brain. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of brain CT of brain brain CAT scan brain CT examination brain computed tomography brain computerized axial tomography brain CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the chest. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of chest CT of chest chest CAT scan chest CT examination chest computed tomography chest computerized axial tomography chest CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the skull. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2020-03-31T20:39:14Z CAT scan of skull CT of skull skull CAT scan skull CT examination skull computed tomography skull computerized axial tomography skull CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the blood vasculature. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z CAT scan of blood vasculature CT of blood vasculature blood vasculature CAT scan blood vasculature CT examination blood vasculature computed tomography blood vasculature computerized axial tomography CT angiogram The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the pulmonary vascular system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z CAT scan of pulmonary vascular system CT PE CT of pulmonary vascular system CT scan for pulmonary embolism pulmonary vascular system CAT scan pulmonary vascular system CT examination pulmonary vascular system computed tomography pulmonary vascular system computerized axial tomography CT pulmonary angiogram Avoid the administration or use of computed tomography procedure. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-03-30T20:39:14Z avoid computed tomography procedure avoiding computed tomography procedure avoid CT scans Avoid the administration or use of ketogenic diet intake. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-05-12T20:39:14Z avoid ketogenic diet intake avoiding ketogenic diet intake ketogenic diet intake avoidance Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of abdomen. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z NCIT:C38102 abdomen X-ray procedure abdomen radiogram procedure abdominal X-ray procedure abdominal radiography radiograph of abdomen radiography of abdomen abdominal radiographic procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of head. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z head X-ray procedure head radiogram procedure radiograph of head radiography of head head radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of liver. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z liver X-ray procedure liver radiogram procedure radiograph of liver radiography of liver liver radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of lung. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z lung X-ray procedure lung radiogram procedure radiograph of lung radiography of lung lung radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of neck. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z neck X-ray procedure neck radiogram procedure radiograph of neck radiography of neck neck radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of chest. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z NCIT:C38103 chest X-ray procedure chest radiogram procedure radiograph of chest radiography of chest chest radiograph procedure The X-ray examination of the lower limbs of the body. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-07T20:39:14Z NCIT:C20080 lower limb X-ray lower limb radiography lower limb segment X-ray procedure lower limb segment radiogram procedure radiograph of lower limb segment radiography of lower limb segment lower limb radiographic procedure obsolete angiography procedure true obsolete pulmonary angiography procedure true The radiographic examination of the tracheobronchial tree following the injection of a radiopaque material. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C38040 bronchographic image procedure bronchography radiograph of tracheobronchial tree radiography of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree X-ray procedure tracheobronchial tree radiogram procedure bronchography procedure The radiographic examination of the bile ducts after a contrast medium has been injected. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C61508 biliary tree X-ray procedure biliary tree radiogram procedure cholangiographic procedure cholangiography radiograph of biliary tree radiography of biliary tree cholangiography procedure A radiographic procedure to obtain an image of the urinary bladder by filling the bladder with contrast medium. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C38049 cystographic imaging procedure cystography radiograph of urinary bladder radiography of urinary bladder urinary bladder X-ray procedure urinary bladder radiogram procedure cystography procedure A type of radiography used specifically to examine breast tissue. The procedure utilizes a low-dose of x-rays or radiation to generate an image. A mammography exam or mammogram, is used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms and to detect and diagnose breast disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C16818 breast X-ray procedure breast radiogram procedure mammography radiograph of breast radiography of breast mammography procedure The radiographic examination of the spinal cord and nerve roots following the injection of a contrast medium into the spinal subarachnoid space. The X-rays taken may highlight conditions such as spinal tumors, spinal cord swelling and herniated discs. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C20175 myelography radiograph of spinal cord radiography of spinal cord spinal cord X-ray procedure spinal cord radiogram procedure myelography procedure A radiologic test that involves the examination of the entire body in a single procedure. 2020-04-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C96640 total body X-ray whole body radiography total body radiography procedure A radiographic examination of the vagina using the intravaginal injection of contrast medium. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2020-04-27T20:39:14Z NCIT:C38096 radiograph of vagina radiography of vagina vagina X-ray procedure vagina radiogram procedure vaginography vaginography procedure Any surgical procedure conducted on the cardiovascular system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-10-19T20:39:14Z cardiac surgery cardiovascular system surgical procedure heart surgery surgical procedure on cardiovascular system A surgery that fixes or mends heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-07-25T20:39:14Z heart surgical repair heart repair Treatment to correct or improve vision. vision treatment Use of glasses to correct vision. glasses usage Any surgical procedure conducted on the nasolacrimal duct. dacryocystorhinostomy nasolacrimal duct surgical procedure tear duct surgery surgical procedure on nasolacrimal duct A surgical procedure to correct strabismus in the eye. strabismus surgery The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein diet that mimics a fasting state, resulting in the substitution of ketone bodies as a source of energy. The ketogenic diet can be used to reduce recurrent epileptic seizures in individuals with intractable epilepsy. Intractable epilepsy is defined as epilepsy that failed to respond to three or more antiepileptic drugs. keto diet intake classic ketogenic diet intake low glycemic index treatment medium-chain triglyceride(s) (MCT) ketogenic diet intake modified Atkins diet intake ketogenic diet intake The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein diet that mimics a fasting state, resulting in the substitution of ketone bodies as a source of energy. The ketogenic diet can be used to reduce recurrent epileptic seizures in individuals with intractable epilepsy. Intractable epilepsy is defined as epilepsy that failed to respond to three or more antiepileptic drugs. PMID:23419562 PMID:27759811 PMID:28701250 Texture-modified foods and thickened drinks used to reduce the risks of choking and aspiration for individuals with oropharyngeal incoordination or dysphagia. dysphagia diet intake thickness modification of food and fluid for ingestion pureed food intake texture modified food intake thickened liquid intake texture modified diet intake Texture-modified foods and thickened drinks used to reduce the risks of choking and aspiration for individuals with oropharyngeal incoordination or dysphagia. PMID:27913916 PMID:28343526 obsolete phenylalanine restricted diet intake true Supplementation of uncooked cornstarch intended to prevent hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia, typically for individuals with irregular hepatic glycogen storage. Supplementation can include both regular cornstarch and extended release cornstarch. 2019-09-05T20:57:49Z administration of uncooked cornstarch uncooked cornstarch therapy uncooked cornstarch supplementation Supplementation of uncooked cornstarch intended to prevent hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia, typically for individuals with irregular hepatic glycogen storage. Supplementation can include both regular cornstarch and extended release cornstarch. PMID:2403059 PMID:25266922 PMID:26303612 Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of manus. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z hand radiograph procedure manus X-ray procedure manus radiogram procedure radiograph of manus radiograph of the hand radiography of manus hand radiography A procedure whre the radiographic film or sensor is placed inside the mouth and uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of teeth and other oral structures. 2023-02-20T17:13:55Z intraoral x-ray procedure radiograph inside the mouth intraoral radiography A technique to visualize the blood vessels in the back of the eye by injecting fluorescent dye and then imaging it. 2023-02-21T18:55:59Z fluorescein angiography A visualization of the fundus of the eye including the retina and optic nerve with a fundoscope, a device that projects light through the pupil of the eye and visualizes the fundus with magnification. 2023-02-24T19:06:03Z fundoscopic exam fundoscopy A quantitative measurement of a particular hormone present in a blood sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z circulating hormone measurement Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of pes. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z pes X-ray procedure pes radiogram procedure radiograph of foot radiograph of pes radiography of pes foot radiography Analysis of a cerebrospinal fluid sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z cerebrospinal fluid analysis Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of shoulder. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z radiograph of shoulder radiography of shoulder shoulder X-ray procedure shoulder radiogram procedure shoulder radiograph procedure A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by a dentist that is based on an oral exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z examination by dentist A direct appraisal by a professional who is an expert in premature babies or newborns with high-risk or complex health conditions. The physician performs a physical exam and takes medical history. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z examination by neonatologist Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z enzyme activity assessment A test that measures all areas of your eyesight including peripheral vision. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z perimetry examination A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the spinal cord. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord spinal cord MRI spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the spinal cord A test to determine the smallest letters a patient can clearly see. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z visual acuity assessment Microscopic examination of the hair (also called hair microscopy) is an inexpensive tool that may aid in the diagnosis of systemic disorders as the appearance, structure, and/or growth of hair are modified in various congenital and acquired diseases. (PMID:34843009) 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z hair microscopy Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme derived from leukocytes. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z leukocyte enzyme activity assessment Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme derived from erythrocytes. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z erythrocyte enzyme activity assessment Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme derived from a particular tissue 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z tissue enzyme activity assessment A test that measures the ability of the blood to bind iron. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z iron-binding capacity assessment A quantitative measurement of metabolites present in a particular tissue. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z tissue metabolite measurement A type of CT where the image resolution is enhanced to look at lung disease. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z high-resolution pulmonary computed tomography A test that measures DNA damage/breakage in patient cells. DNA damage repair plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression, and in therapeutic resistance. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z in vitro DNA repair study A quantitative measurement of immunoglobulins present in a blood sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z circulating immunoglobulin measurement A test that measures the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood of the umbilical cord. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z blood gas assessment in umbilical cord blood This test is used to measure the amount of L-Selectin (CD62L) shed from the surface of neutrophils before and after stimulation of the TLR pathway. The test can help identify patients with defects in their toll-like receptor signalling pathway and can be used to diagnose IRAK-4, MyD88 and UNC93B deficiency. (NHS) 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z L-selectin shedding study A quantitative measurement of metabolites present in a cerebrospinal fluid sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z cerebrospinal fluid metabolite measurement The time an indigestible, non-absorbable markers takes to be excreted. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z gastrointestinal transit measurement A quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (a chemical foreign to the body) present in a stool sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z stool xenobiotic measurement A quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (a chemical foreign to the body) present in gastric fluid. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z gastric fluid xenobiotic measurement A quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (a chemical foreign to the body) present in a hair sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z hair xenobiotic measurement A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the bony pelvis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z MRI of the pelvis Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the bony pelvis bony pelvis MRI bony pelvis magnetic resonance imaging pelvis MRI Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of lymphatic part of lymphoid system. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z lymphatic part of lymphoid system X-ray procedure lymphatic part of lymphoid system radiogram procedure radiograph of lymphatic part of lymphoid system radiograph of lymphatic system radiography of lymphatic part of lymphoid system lymphography A laboratory test in which blood, taken from the patient, is inoculated into bottles containing culture media to determine whether infection-causing microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) are present in the patient's bloodstream. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z blood culture procedure Inspection of stomach using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-04-19T20:39:14Z endoscopy of stomach stomach endoscope gastroscopy An x-ray of blood vessels after a contrast dye is added intraveniously. 2023-02-21T18:18:48Z NCIT:C20080 CT angiography X-ray angiography X-ray of the blood vessels contrast angiography procedure Is an imaging procedure often using a specific contrast dye for evaluation of pelvic floor, anorectal muscle contractions and relaxation (sphincters), and certain structural abnormalities. 2023-02-23T16:22:32Z defecography A procedure where fluid is removed from the abdomen using a needle. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z abdominal paracentesis A comprehensive set of tests designed to assess all aspects of a child's development, including cognition, language, motor, and social skills. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z neurodevelopmental assessment Inspection of duodenum using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-04-19T20:39:14Z duodenum endoscope endoscopy of duodenum duodenoscopy Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of forelimb. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z forelimb X-ray procedure forelimb radiogram procedure radiograph of forelimb radiograph of upper limb radiography of forelimb upper limb radiography The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2023-04-19T20:39:14Z CAT scan of heart CT of heart heart CAT scan heart CT examination heart computed tomography heart computerized axial tomography cardiac CT A motility study to assess motor function of the upper esophageal sphincter, esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z esophageal manometry A quantitative measurement of metabolites present in a stool sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z stool metabolite measurement A radiographic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in which the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are made visible by barium or a water-soluble contrast administered orally prior to the examination. 2023-02-22T20:53:16Z contrast examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract barrium swallow test of the upper GI upper GI radiography with contrast A combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic procedure in which an upper endoscope is led into a second part of the duodenum, making it possible for passage of other tools via the major duodenal papilla into the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Contrast material may be injected in these ducts, allowing for radiologic visualization and therapeutic interventions when indicated. 2023-02-20T17:37:27Z ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography A combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic procedure in which an upper endoscope is led into a second part of the duodenum, making it possible for passage of other tools via the major duodenal papilla into the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Contrast material may be injected in these ducts, allowing for radiologic visualization and therapeutic interventions when indicated. PMID:29630212 Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-21T20:39:14Z radiograph of vertebral column radiography of vertebral column vertebral column X-ray procedure vertebral column radiogram procedure spine radiography A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the muscle organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z MRI of muscle Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the muscle organ muscle organ MRI muscle organ magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the muscle organ Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of hip. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-04-19T20:39:14Z hip X-ray procedure hip radiogram procedure radiograph of hip radiography of hip . hip radiography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the ovary. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-02T20:39:14Z ovarian ultrasound ovary diagnostic sonography ovary medical ultrasound ovary sonography ovary ultrasound examination ovary ultrasound imaging procedure ovary ultrasound procedure sonography of ovary ultrasonography of ovary ovary ultrasonography Assessment of the degree or kind of protein glycosylation (covalent attachment of a carbohydrate moiety to a protein). 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z protein glycosylation assay A technique for counting, examining and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. NCIT:C16585 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z flow cytometry procedure Reproductive endocrinology and infertility is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that trains physicians in reproductive medicine addressing hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z reproductive endocrinologist assessment A quantitative measurement of a particular hormone present in a sample. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z hormone measurement A test to determine the electrical conduction of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z nerve conduction study The time taken for neural impulses to travel through the central nervous system on their way to the target muscles. PMID: 24112910 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z central motor conduction time study The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the bony pelvis. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 2023-04-12T20:39:14Z CAT scan of bony pelvis CT of bony pelvis CT of pelvis bony pelvis CAT scan bony pelvis CT examination bony pelvis computed tomography bony pelvis computerized axial tomography pelvic CT A quantitative measurement of a particular hormone present in a sample of urine. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z urine hormone measurement A technique that combines EEG and EMG to assess myoclonus; it use electromyography (EMG) electrodes for the arms or legs, and correlates averaged EEG responses with EMG bursts used as a trigger. PMID: 1464676 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z jerk-locked averaging The transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a diagnostic tool to screen human tissues at high magnification to visualize the ultrastructural level. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z electron microscopic study A procedure where a dental professional who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z dentist evaluation Measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), which reflect the electrical activity of the brain that results from the stimulation of touch. SEP monitoring may be employed intraoperatively to identify, and ideally, avoid impending permanent damage to neurologic structures. PMID: 31335078 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z somatosensory evoked potential assessment In the perchlorate discharge test, first radioactive iodine is administered, sufficient time is allowed to pass so that the radioactive iodine is captured by the thyroid, and then, perchlorate is administered orally. The perchlorate displaces non-organified iodide from the thyroid. The perchlorate discharge test is considered positive (abnormal) if there is an abnormally rapid loss of radioactive iodine from the thyroid. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z perchlorate discharge test An assay of the physiology of natural killer (NK) cells. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z natural killer cell function test Dysmorphology refers to the study of human congenital malformations and syndromes. A dysmorphology evaluation includes an assessment of facial features and also features of the entire body especially with respect to manifestations of hereditary (Mendelian) disease). 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z dysmorphology assessment The determination of the amount of reactive oxygen species present in the sample. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2022-04-12T13:40:00Z reactive oxygen species assessment reactive oxygen species test reactive oxygen species measurement A determination of the structure of leukocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-03T20:39:14Z leukocyte morphology assessment leukocyte morphology measurement A determination of the structure of megakaryocyte. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-06T20:39:14Z megakaryocyte morphology assessment megakaryocyte morphology measurement Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of ankle joint. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z ankle joint X-ray procedure ankle joint radiogram procedure radiograph of ankle joint radiography of ankle joint ankle radiography Quantification of sperm cell characteristics, including morphology, motility, and number. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z sperm analysis A complement test is a blood test that measures the activity of one or more proteins that make up the complement system in blood circulation. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z complement assay The test measures the T cell responses to antigens of common infections as well as to mitogens, allowing detection of deficiencies in this arm of the immune response. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z functional T cell assessment A complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z pulmonary function testing Examination by a doctor who specializes in the care of newborn babies. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z neonatologist evaluation A test to determine if cells are undergoing programmed cell death. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z apoptosis assay A contrast-enhanced radiographic study commonly used to assess structural characteristics of the entire esophagus. 2023-02-20T17:57:19Z X-ray of upper GI barium esophagogram procedure barium esophagography barium swallow study barium swallow radiograph procedure A contrast-enhanced radiographic study commonly used to assess structural characteristics of the entire esophagus. PMID:29630228 Computed tomography (CT) examination of the kidneys, ureters and bladder following administration of intravenous contrast material. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z CT urogram Determination of serum uric acid following the administration of an oral bolus of fructose to assess the ability of an individual to digest fructose. 2023-04-11T12:01:00Z fructose tolerance test Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of cervical region of vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-10T20:39:14Z cervical region of vertebral column X-ray procedure cervical region of vertebral column radiogram procedure radiograph of cervical region of vertebral column radiograph of cervical spine radiography of cervical region of vertebral column cervical spine radiography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the artery. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-03-02T20:39:14Z arterial ultrasound artery diagnostic sonography artery medical ultrasound artery sonography artery ultrasound examination artery ultrasound imaging procedure artery ultrasound procedure sonography of artery ultrasonography of artery arterial ultrasonograpy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the peripheral nerve for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-24T20:39:14Z ganglion of peripheral nervous system biopsy peripheral nerve biopsy biopsy of peripheral nerve A procedure that uses radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer to create detailed pictures of the blood vessels and blood flow inside the body. A dye may be injected into a vein to make the blood vessels and blood flow easier to see. (NCI) 2023-02-21T19:27:13Z MR angiography MRA magnetic resonance angiography procedure Inspection of nasal vestibule using an endoscope. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-04-12T20:39:14Z endoscopy of nasal vestibule nasal vestibule endoscope nasal endoscopy An imaging procedure in which a radioactive tracer is injected intravenously. The tracer is taken up by bile producing cells and subsequently travels with the bile into the gallbladder and through the bile ducts to the small intestine. THe hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan can be used to visualize the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan Electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic procedure that evaluates the muscle response to electrical impulses from the nerves that control them, called motor neurons. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities. It is usually performed after a nerve conduction study. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z electromyography procedure A kind of renal function test that assesses the proportion of electrolytes that are retained (or excreted) by the kidney (primarily the renal tubule). 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z fractional excretion assessment A measurement of the speed at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend in a standardized tube in one hour. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a nonspecific sign of inflammation. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z erythrocyte sedimentation rate measurement An assessment of how well platelets aggregate (clump together) in the process of blood clotting. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 platelet aggregation assay Radiographic examination of veins following injection of contrast material. 2023-04-12T17:56:44Z vein radiograph venography procedure The hydrogen breath test is a noninvasive procedure to diagnose dietary intolerance (e.g., lactose or galactose intolerance) and related conditions by measuring the amount of hydrogen exhaled in the breath following ingestion of the relevant sugar. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z breath hydrogen test An evaluation of the visual pathway of the nervous system by means of analysis of electrical waves measured by electrodes that are applied to the head. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z visual evoked potential procedure Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from artery for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-02-24T20:39:14Z artery biopsy biopsy of artery The electroretinogram (ERG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to a light stimulus. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z electroretinogram procedure A test that applied electric or magnetic stimulation to the neck to measure the response of the phrenic nerve. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z phrenic nerve stimulation test The water deprivation test, also known as the indirect water deprivation test should potentially be able to distinguish the various forms of DI. Deprivation of water intake should allow patients with primary polydipsia to concentrate their urine while those with central or nephrogenic DI continue to excrete dilute urine. Administration of desmopressin (Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin), the synthetic analog of AVP, after water deprivation should help with differentiating patients with central DI from those with nephrogenic DI as the former should be able to concentrate the urine once the deficient action of AVP is replaced with desmopressin, while the latter should not show a significant response due to end-organ resistance to the action of AVP or its analogs. PMID:30779536 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z indirect water deprivation test water deprivation test A vision test that determines the presence of myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z refraction test A neurophysiological examination that monitors the corticospinal tract beginning with a stimulus at the motor cortex, which travels along the corticospinal tract of the spinal cord to the nerve root, and then the peripheral nerve before terminating in a muscle belly. PMID:35593855 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z motor evoked potential evaluation A determination of the amount of protein present in blood 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z salivary cortisol test A procedure that removes peritoneal fluid from the abdomen (peritoneal cavity) through a needle or catheter to obtain ascitic fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z paracentesis Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from carotid artery segment for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 2023-04-12T20:39:14Z carotid artery biopsy carotid artery segment biopsy biopsy of carotid artery A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in sweat. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 sweat electrolyte test An assay to assess the presence of immune complexes in the blood circulation. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z immune complex assay A medical test that evaluates the ability to taste. The tests are either chemical or electrical in nature. Chemical testing uses the natural stimuli and chemical tastants (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami) to assess taste, whereas electrical testing adopts electrical currents applied directly to the surface of the tongue. Other investigations are employed in the assessment of gustatory dysfunction, such as certain imaging techniques, though these are not as useful in quantifying taste disorders. PMID:33620811 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z gustatory function testing taste function test gustatory testing A type of electron microscopy in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a thin section in order to visualize the internal structures of platelets. platelet transmission electron microscopy Measurement of peripheral blood lymphocyte response following stimulation to assess the degree of functionality of the cell-mediated immune response. A variety of tests exist to measure intracellular ATP levels, proliferation, and other functional responses. immune cell function assay A type of cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that measures random Brownian motion of water molecules within each voxel of imaged brain tissue. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z diffusion weighted cerebral MRI A type of cardiac test in which the patient walks on a treadmill or rides a stationary bike, while cardiovascular parameters such as heart rhythm, blood pressure and breathing are measured. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z cardiac exercise stress test A procedure in which a catheter (thin hollow tube) is threaded into the heart via a large blood vessel, generally with contrast dye being injected through the catheter to visualize the heart chambers and coronary arteries. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z cardiac catheterization A form of Doppler ultrasound examination that examines blood vessels and blood flow. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z duplex ultrasound with color flow imaging Investigation of heart sounds with a stethoscope. auscultation of the heart heart auscultation heart sounds auscultation cardiac auscultation An electrophysiologic test that measures the existing resting electrical potential between the cornea and Bruch's membrane. The most common use of the electrooculogram is to confirm disease. 2023-04-11T15:47:43Z EOG electrooculogram procedure An assessment of cell function. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z cell function assay Test for viral infection based on cytopathic effect and/or antibody staining. 2023-04-11T12:00:00Z viral cell culture A change of place or position of part of an organism that does not involve the entire organism [NBO:SMAC] 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z stationary movement body part movement 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z affective behaviour mood emotional behavior The act of moving any of the tissues and hard structures surrounding the mouth other than teeth, jaws or filter structures [NBO:AC] 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z mouth part movement other moved mouth parts mouth movement Behavior directly related to the production of offspring [NBO:AC] 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z reproduction reproductive behaviour reproductive behavior "A behavior that occurs predominantly or only, in individuals that are part of a group." [Wikipedia:Social_behavior] 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z social behaviour social behavior 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z fear/anxiety related behaviour fear/anxiety related behavior 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z sexual actions sexual activity Male's insertion of sperm-transfer organ into the body of the female [NBO:SMAC] 2011-04-14T01:03:39Z copulate copulation The act of repeated grinding, tearing, and or crushing with teeth or jaws [NBO:SMAC] 2011-04-14T01:20:02Z chew gnaw mastication chewing 2011-03-31T12:22:11Z agitation behavior 2011-04-04T10:00:45Z behavior involving perception perception behavior Example: moving head to watch passing object. sensation behavior "The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:GO\:0007610] 2011-04-05T09:53:10Z behavior behaviour behavior process 2011-04-05T10:40:36Z proprioception vestibular behavior 2011-04-05T11:01:08Z Sensations arising from the internal organs (the viscera), such as pain or the sense of fullness of the stomach or bladder, may therefore be included, although they are usually considered separately as visceral sensations. Pain arising from the viscera is often felt as though it comes from some part of the body surface or underlying tissue. somatic sensation related behavior "Movement behavior of the body or its parts." 2011-04-05T02:08:47Z kinesthetic behavior "The coordination of combinations of body movements created with the kinematic (such as spatial direction) and kinetic (force) parameters that result in intended actions." [wikipedia:Motor_coordination] 2011-04-05T03:32:44Z motor coordination 2011-04-05T04:10:52Z large muscle coordination whole body coordination gross motor coordination 2011-04-06T02:35:38Z Movevents listed here are involuntary, but may be also generated by free will, like blinking of the eyelids and respiratory movements. involuntary movement behavior 2011-04-06T02:36:55Z reflex behaviour reflexive behavior 2011-04-06T03:32:28Z voluntary movement behavior "Behavior related to how the body reacts to a stressor ( a stimulus that causes stress), real or imagined." [wikipedia:Stress_(biological)] 2011-04-08T01:52:36Z It refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism to respond adequately to mental, emotional or physical demands, whether actual or imagined. stress related behavior "A social behavior characterised by conscious or unconscious constraint of a behavior that might be considered objectionable in a social setting." [wikipedia:Social_inhibition] 2011-04-14T03:33:25Z social inhibition 2011-04-14T03:51:13Z cognitive behavior 2012-03-17T09:51:17Z jaw movement 2012-03-16T05:23:06Z perception behavior by means "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:0050795] regulation of behavior ingest consumption behavior consumption of an addictive substance regulation of consumption behavior regulation of consumption of an addictive substance regulation of sexual activity http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 2019-09-06T10:51:02Z smoking behavior Any habitual use of the tobacco plant leaf and its products. 2020-01-27T20:46:57Z tobacco consumption 2020-01-27T21:03:19Z cannabis consumption GC_ID:1 PMID:30365038 PMID:32761142 all root all GC_ID:1 Cucurbiteae GC_ID:1 PMID:15371245 Muridae GC_ID:1 Mus mice mouse Mus <genus> Mus mice mouse GC_ID:1 house mouse mouse Mus musculus house mouse mouse GC_ID:1 Vira Viridae viruses Viruses Vira Viridae viruses GC_ID:1 PMID:18375151 Asteroideae GC_ID:1 Heliantheae GC_ID:1 Teleostomi GC_ID:1 bony vertebrates Euteleostomi bony vertebrates GC_ID:1 charophyte/embryophyte group Charophyta/Embryophyta group Streptophytina charophyte/embryophyte group Charophyta/Embryophyta group GC_ID:1 biota cellular organisms biota GC_ID:1 PMID:22839753 PMID:25450099 Archosauria-Testudines Testudines + Archosauria group Archelosauria Archosauria-Testudines Testudines + Archosauria group GC_ID:1 Dipnotetrapodomorpha GC_ID:1 PMID:11743200 PMID:11791233 Boreotheria Boreoeutheria Boreotheria GC_ID:1 PMID:25249442 Mesangiospermae GC_ID:1 PMID:26350789 Petrosaviidae GC_ID:1 Pentapetalae GC_ID:1 Glycine subgen. Soja GC_ID:1 Centothecoideae Panicoideae Centothecoideae GC_ID:1 PACMAD clade GC_ID:1 Andropogoneae GC_ID:1 true yeasts Saccharomycotina true yeasts GC_ID:1 Galloanseri ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies Galloanserae Galloanseri ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies GC_ID:1 PMID:11250829 Dalbergieae GC_ID:1 Phaseoleae GC_ID:1 Vicieae Fabeae Vicieae GC_ID:1 Tripsacinae GC_ID:1 Andropogonodae GC_ID:1 mice and others Sciurognathi Myomorpha mice and others Sciurognathi GC_ID:11 PMID:10425795 PMID:10425796 PMID:10425797 PMID:10490293 PMID:10843050 PMID:10939651 PMID:10939673 PMID:10939677 PMID:11211268 PMID:11321083 PMID:11321113 PMID:11411719 PMID:11540071 PMID:11542017 PMID:11542087 PMID:11760965 PMID:12054223 PMID:2112744 PMID:270744 PMID:32628106 PMID:36748408 PMID:7520741 PMID:8123559 PMID:8186100 PMID:8590690 PMID:9103655 PMID:9336922 eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes GC_ID:1 Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae Homo/Pan/Gorilla group GC_ID:11 PMID:10425795 PMID:10425796 PMID:10425797 PMID:10490293 PMID:10843050 PMID:10939651 PMID:10939673 PMID:10939677 PMID:11211268 PMID:11321083 PMID:11321113 PMID:11411719 PMID:11540071 PMID:11541975 PMID:11542064 PMID:11542149 PMID:11760965 PMID:12054223 PMID:2112744 PMID:25527841 PMID:270744 PMID:32628106 PMID:36748408 PMID:8123559 PMID:8590690 PMID:9103655 PMID:9336922 Archaebacteria Mendosicutes Metabacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae archaea prokaryote prokaryotes Archaea Archaebacteria Mendosicutes Metabacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae archaea prokaryote prokaryotes GC_ID:1 PMID:21652332 canavanine-accumulating clade non-protein amino acid accumulating clade NPAAA clade canavanine-accumulating clade non-protein amino acid accumulating clade GC_ID:1 PMID:21652332 dalbergioids sensu lato GC_ID:1 PMID:11250829 Pterocarpus clade GC_ID:1 50 kb inversion clade GC_ID:1 Hologalegina GC_ID:1 PMID:21652332 inverted repeat lacking clade inverted repeat loss clade temperate herbaceous clade IRL clade inverted repeat lacking clade inverted repeat loss clade temperate herbaceous clade GC_ID:1 PMID:10719003 PMID:21652332 indigoferoid/millettioid clade GC_ID:1 PMID:19022233 lager yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Saccharomyces monacensis Saccharomyces pasteurianus Saccharomyces pastorianus lager yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Saccharomyces monacensis Saccharomyces pasteurianus GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes GC_ID:1 Bovinae GC_ID:1 PMID:11214318 PMID:11214319 PMID:12878460 Laurasiatheria GC_ID:1 PMID:11214319 PMID:12082125 PMID:12878460 PMID:15522813 Euarchontoglires GC_ID:1 PMID:11214319 PMID:12082125 PMID:15522813 Rodents and rabbits Glires Rodents and rabbits GC_ID:1 Anthropoidea Simiiformes Anthropoidea GC_ID:1 ape apes Hominoidea ape apes GC_ID:1 higher plants land plants plants land plants Embryophyta higher plants land plants plants land plants GC_ID:1 tetrapods Tetrapoda tetrapods GC_ID:1 amniotes Amniota amniotes GC_ID:1 Theria Theria <mammals> Theria GC_ID:1 diapsids Diapsida Sauria diapsids Diapsida GC_ID:1 PMID:16248873 PMID:30257078 Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants Viridiplantae Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants GC_ID:1 Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts GC_ID:1 metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals GC_ID:1 Bilateria GC_ID:1 deuterostomes Deuterostomia deuterostomes GC_ID:1 PMID:15019624 PMID:15371245 Muroidea GC_ID:1 PMID:25249442 angiosperms flowering plants Angiospermae Magnoliophyta flowering plants Magnoliopsida angiosperms flowering plants Angiospermae Magnoliophyta flowering plants GC_ID:1 Streptophyta GC_ID:1 Pecora GC_ID:1 cucumber family Cucurbitaceae cucumber family GC_ID:1 marrows pumpkins squashes Cucurbita marrows pumpkins squashes GC_ID:1 PMID:11782554 Cucurbita pepo GC_ID:1 Capparales Brassicales Capparales GC_ID:1 Cruciferae mustard family Brassicaceae Cruciferae mustard family GC_ID:1 Brassica GC_ID:1 wild cabbage Brassica oleracea wild cabbage GC_ID:1 Brassica oleracea Cauliflower Group cauliflower Brassica oleracea subsp. botrytis Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Brassica oleracea Cauliflower Group cauliflower Brassica oleracea subsp. botrytis GC_ID:1 Haplorrhini GC_ID:1 pea family Leguminosae Fabaceae pea family Leguminosae GC_ID:1 Indian corn Zea mays subsp. sacharata corn maize Zea mays subsp. amylacea Zea mays subsp. ceratina Zea mays subsp. everta Zea mays subsp. indurata Zea mays subsp. ramosa Zea mays subsp. saccharata Zea mays subsp. saccharata (Sturtev.) Zhuk., 1950 Zea mays subsp. tunicata Zea mays var. mays Zea mays var. saccharata Zea mays var. saccharata (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey, 1902 Zea ramosa Zea saccharata Zea mays subsp. mays Indian corn Zea mays subsp. sacharata corn maize Zea mays subsp. amylacea Zea mays subsp. ceratina Zea mays subsp. everta Zea mays subsp. indurata Zea mays subsp. ramosa Zea mays subsp. saccharata Zea mays subsp. saccharata (Sturtev.) Zhuk., 1950 Zea mays subsp. tunicata Zea mays var. mays Zea mays var. saccharata Zea mays var. saccharata (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey, 1902 Zea ramosa Zea saccharata GC_ID:1 Faboideae Papilionoideae Faboideae GC_ID:1 Arachis GC_ID:1 goober ground-nut peanut Arachis hypogaea goober ground-nut peanut GC_ID:1 Glycine GC_ID:1 soybean soybeans Phaseolus max Glycine max soybean soybeans Phaseolus max GC_ID:1 PMID:26350789 Poales GC_ID:1 Vicia GC_ID:1 broad bean faba bean fava bean Vicia faba broad bean faba bean fava bean GC_ID:1 Murinae GC_ID:1 mammals mammals Mammalia mammals mammals GC_ID:1 PMID:12144762 Asterales GC_ID:1 PMID:18375151 Compositae daisy family Asteraceae Compositae daisy family GC_ID:1 sunflowers Helianthus sunflowers GC_ID:1 common sunflower Helianthus annuus common sunflower GC_ID:1 dinosaur dinosaurs Dinosauria dinosaur dinosaurs GC_ID:1 Saurischia GC_ID:1 Theropoda GC_ID:1 Coelurosauria GC_ID:1 PMID:25249442 monocots monocotyledons Monocotyledoneae monocots Liliopsida monocots monocotyledons Monocotyledoneae monocots GC_ID:1 grass family Bambusaceae Gramineae Poaceae grass family Bambusaceae Gramineae GC_ID:1 PMID:15689432 PMID:16151185 PMID:17010206 PMID:17051209 PMID:17572334 Dikarya GC_ID:1 Euchlaena Zea Euchlaena GC_ID:1 maize Zea mays var. japonica Zea mays maize Zea mays var. japonica GC_ID:1 PMID:26350789 Commelinidae Commeliniflorae commelinids Commelinidae Commeliniflorae GC_ID:1 PMID:11062127 PMID:12684019 Mycota fungi Fungi Mycota fungi GC_ID:1 PMID:17572334 ascomycetes sac fungi ascomycete fungi Ascomycota ascomycetes sac fungi ascomycete fungi GC_ID:1 Hemiascomycetes Saccharomycetes Hemiascomycetes GC_ID:1 Endomycetales budding yeasts Saccharomycetales Endomycetales budding yeasts GC_ID:1 Saccharomycetaceae GC_ID:1 Pachytichospora Saccharomyces Pachytichospora GC_ID:1 vascular plants vascular plants Tracheophyta vascular plants vascular plants GC_ID:1 seed plants seed plants Spermatophyta seed plants seed plants GC_ID:1 Eumetazoa GC_ID:1 Cucurbitales GC_ID:1 PMID:25249442 PMID:26724406 Dicotyledoneae dicots dicotyledons eudicots eudicotyledons Dicotyledoneae dicots dicotyledons eudicots GC_ID:1 PMID:12144762 Asteridae asterids Asteridae GC_ID:1 Rosidae rosids Rosidae GC_ID:1 saccharomyceta GC_ID:1 Fabales GC_ID:1 echinoderms echinoderms Echinodermata echinoderms echinoderms GC_ID:1 chordates chordates Chordata chordates chordates GC_ID:1 Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <vertebrates> Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates GC_ID:1 Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates GC_ID:1 euphyllophytes Euphyllophyta euphyllophytes GC_ID:1 Sarcopterygii GC_ID:1 sauropsids Sauropsida sauropsids GC_ID:1 Archosauria GC_ID:1 Mus Mus <subgenus> Mus GC_ID:1 birds avian birds Aves birds avian birds GC_ID:1 Neognathae GC_ID:1 Craniata Craniata <chordates> Craniata GC_ID:1 landfowls Galliformes landfowls GC_ID:1 turkeys Phasianidae turkeys GC_ID:1 Gallus GC_ID:1 Gallus domesticus bantam chicken chickens Gallus gallus domesticus Phasianus gallus Gallus gallus Gallus domesticus bantam chicken chickens Gallus gallus domesticus Phasianus gallus GC_ID:1 Phasianinae GC_ID:1 PMID:18375151 Heliantheae alliance GC_ID:1 even-toed ungulates & whales Cetartiodactyla even-toed ungulates & whales Artiodactyla even-toed ungulates & whales Cetartiodactyla even-toed ungulates & whales GC_ID:1 core eudicots core eudicotyledons Gunneridae core eudicots core eudicotyledons GC_ID:1 eurosids I fabids eurosids I GC_ID:1 malvids GC_ID:1 PMID:12144762 euasterids II campanulids euasterids II GC_ID:1 eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals GC_ID:1 primate Primata primates Primates primate Primata primates GC_ID:1 Catarrhini GC_ID:1 great apes Pongidae Hominidae great apes Pongidae GC_ID:1 humans Homo humans GC_ID:1 human Homo sapiens human GC_ID:1 Brassiceae GC_ID:1 Ruminantia GC_ID:1 Bovidae GC_ID:1 oxen, cattle Bos oxen, cattle GC_ID:1 bovine cattle cow dairy cow domestic cattle domestic cow ox Bos bovis Bos primigenius taurus Bos taurus bovine cattle cow dairy cow domestic cattle domestic cow ox Bos bovis Bos primigenius taurus GC_ID:1 rodent rodents Rodentia rodent rodents A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. planned process Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. processed material A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. plan An image creation device is a device which captures a digitized image of an object image creation device A needle is a sharp, hollow device used to penetrate tissue or soft material. When attached to a syringe. it allows delivery of a specific volume of liquid or gaseous mixture. needle A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. specimen collection process A device in which a measure function inheres. measurement device a specimen that was taken from a live organism pre-mortem specimen A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. processed specimen A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. device An image acquisition device that generates a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. computed tomography scanner A specimen that has been established to be taken from a live (pre-mortem) or dead (post-mortem) organism. specimen with pre- or post-mortem status A specimen collection process that uses a swab as the collection device. A swab is an absorbent material (e.g. cotton) on a rod (e.g., wooden stick). collecting specimen with swab A specimen collection that obtains a sample of tissue or cell from a living multicellular organism body for diagnostic purposes by means intended to be minimally invasive. biopsy A biopsy which uses an imaging procedure to guide a needle biopsy. image guided biopsy A needle biopsy guided by real-time computed tomography (CT) scan images. computed tomography assisted biopsy A needle biopsy guided by ultrasound visualization. ultrasound-guided needle biopsy A biopsy that uses a hollow needle to extract cells. needle biopsy A biopsy that uses a thin needle to extract cells. fine needle aspiration biopsy A biopsy that uses a hollow tube to collect a core of tissue. core needle biopsy A biopsy involving a surgical incision into an organism to access the biopsy material. surgical biopsy A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. organism A material entity that has the specimen role. specimen a process with the objective to obtain a material entity that was part of an organism for potential future use in an investigation collecting specimen from organism is a receptor produced by cells of the adaptive immune system with the purpose of binding epitopes. adaptive immune receptor A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. Should be defined using translocation. mobility A quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. PATOC:GVG A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. composed of compositionality content structure, composition For example calcium composition (which may inhere in bone), haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood). composition A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATOC:GVG A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's expected maximum age. life span A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's expected maximum age. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). relational shape quality Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. shape A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. temporal incidence occurrence A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. distribution pattern spatial pattern A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATOC:GVG TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATOC:GVG The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. presence or absence in organism quantitative count in organism number presence This term was originally named "presence". It has been renamed to reduce ambiguity. Consider annotating with the reciprocal relation,PATO:0001555, has_number_of. For example, rather than E=fin ray Q=count in organism C=10, say E=organism Q=has number of E2= fin ray C=10. amount The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. WordNet:WordNet A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. height A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. PATOC:GVG A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. Length often refers to the longer or longest dimension of an object, however, this is not always true. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 for full discussion. length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. PATOC:GVG A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. For any biological use of PATO, the concept that should be used is 'mass' and not 'weight'. For example, increased weight of an organism. mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. closure A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. PATOC:CJM PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. location placement relational spatial quality position A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. conformation relational structural quality structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. texture A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. rate A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. PATOC:melissa A quality in which events occur in sequence. time A quality in which events occur in sequence. PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. behavioural quality behavioral quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking skillful and effective interaction of movement. coordination A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking skillful and effective interaction of movement. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development. maturity A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development. Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Webster A mobility quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. mobile A mobility quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. PATOC:GVG A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. irregular spatial pattern A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. PATOC:GVG A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. ramified ramiform branched A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. WordNet:WordNet A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a groove or fissure. cleft A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a groove or fissure. WordNet:WordNet A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). spiral helical helicoid helicoidal helix-shaped coiled A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). WordNet:WordNet A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. plate-like flat A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. web:http://www.merriam-webster.com/ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. round rounded circular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. aberrant atypia atypical defective abnormal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. average normal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality denoting the lack of an entity. absence absent from organism We recommend using the new absent terms (physical absence, absent anatomical entity, or absent process) instead of this class. This is a legacy term and will ultimately be obsoleted. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/331. absent A quality denoting the lack of an entity. thefreedictionary.:thefreedictionary. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. present in organism present A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. PATOC:GVG An amount which is relatively high. increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary accessory increased increased amount An amount which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A duration quality of a process which is relatively high. high time increased period increased time chronic prolonged period slow time increased duration A duration quality of a process which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A duration quality of a process which is relatively low. decreased period decreased time low period shortened period fast time decreased duration A duration quality of a process which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process which starts later than the natural start time or the reference process. late delayed A quality of a process which starts later than the natural start time or the reference process. PATOC:LC A height which is relatively low. short decreased height A height which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A height which is relatively high. tall increased height A height which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is relatively large. long increased length A length quality which is relatively large. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is relatively small. short shortened stubby decreased length A length quality which is relatively small. PATOC:GVG An increased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting enlargement of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). hypertrophy hypertrophic An increased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting enlargement of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATOC:MAH A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced size of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). shrunken hypotrophic A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced size of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATOC:MAH A size quality which is relatively high. big enlarged expanded great large increased size A size quality which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped reduced small tiny decreased size A size quality which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A volume which is relatively high. high volume large volume increased volume A volume which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A volume which is relatively low. low volume small volume decreased volume A volume which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. blocked closed A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. answers.com:answers.com A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording not completed blocked passage or view. closure incomplete A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording not completed blocked passage or view. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view. open A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view. answers.com:answers.com A spatial pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to a particular location. focal localised localized A spatial pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to a particular location. WordNet:WordNet A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure deteriorates or is lost over time due to an active pathological process. degeneration degenerate A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure deteriorates or is lost over time due to an active pathological process. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 PATOC:mb A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting an alteration in size, shape or organization of its constituent cells. dysplasia dysplastic A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting an alteration in size, shape or organization of its constituent cells. PATOC:MAH A physical quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a decreased number of cells, typically associated with a decrease in size. hypoplasia underdeveloped hypoplastic A physical quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a decreased number of cells, typically associated with a decrease in size. PATOC:GVG Wikipedia:Hypoplasia A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distorted during formation. malformation malformed A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distorted during formation. PATOC:MAH A rate which is relatively low. slow rate decreased rate A rate which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate increased rate A rate which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. volume A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. PATOC:GVG A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. ellipse-shaped ellipsoid elliptical oval ovoid elliptic A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. PATOC:GVG An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. opacity An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. PATOC:GVG A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent clouding cloudy opaque A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. PATOC:GVG A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. clear hyaline transparent A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. PATOC:GVG A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. PATOC:GVG A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. viscous A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. PATOC:GVG A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size. density mass density A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size. WordNet:WordNet A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. elasticity A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to resist to a stimulus. resistance resistance to A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to resist to a stimulus. PATOC:GVG A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting density. dense A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting density. PATOC:GVG An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. elastic An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to a stimulus. resistant resistant to A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to a stimulus. PATOC:GVG A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being not fully grown or developed. juvenile A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being not fully grown or developed. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located more centrally than another entity. proximal to A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located more centrally than another entity. PATOC:nw A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range. full-spectrum EM radiation quality An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range. PATOC:GVG A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation. radiation reflective quality A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation. PATOC:GVG A radiation reflective quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the ratio of the energy of a wave reflected from its surface to the energy possessed by the wave striking the bearer's surface. reflectivity A radiation reflective quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the ratio of the energy of a wave reflected from its surface to the energy possessed by the wave striking the bearer's surface. PATOC:GVG An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. PATOC:GVG A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. period time duration A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATOC:mellybelly A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. ploidy A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing a single set of homologous chromosomes. haploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing a single set of homologous chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. polyploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. euploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two copies (homologs) of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father. The exact number may be one or two different from the 2n number and still be classified as diploidy (although with aneuploidy). Nearly all mammals are diploid organisms, although all individuals have some small fraction of cells that are polyploidy. diploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two copies (homologs) of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. cellular quality A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. PATOC:GVG A cellular quality that arises by virtue of whether the bearer's disposition to differentiate into one or more mature cell types. cellular potency A cellular quality that arises by virtue of whether the bearer's disposition to differentiate into one or more mature cell types. PATOC:GVG A cellular potency that is the capacity to produce only one differentiated cell type. Unipotent cells have the quality of self-renewal which distinguishes them from non-stem cells. unipotent A cellular potency that is the capacity to produce only one differentiated cell type. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unipotent A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types of a specific lineage and lack self renewing capacity. Less potent than multipotent, often thought of as precursor or progenitor cell status. oligopotent A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types of a specific lineage and lack self renewing capacity. PATOC:MAH A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types. multipotent A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipotent A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. nucleate quality A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. PATOC:GVG A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. anucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. binucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. mononucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. ciliatedness A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. striated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. Biology-online:Biology-online A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being encrusted or impregnated with calcium carbonate (CHEBI:3311). calcareous calcification calcified A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being encrusted or impregnated with calcium carbonate (CHEBI:3311). thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being present in two copies. doubled duplicated A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being present in two copies. Dictionary.com:Dictionary.com A position which is relatively high. high position increased position A position which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A positional which is relatively low. low position decreased position A positional which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development. underdeveloped immature A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development. Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Webster A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s). functionality A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s). PATOC:MAH A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform a regular function(s). functional A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform a regular function(s). PATOC:MAH A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. flexibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. bendy flexible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/soliddefinition.htm A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality of a gas A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/gasdefinition.htm PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. url:http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/definition/liquid.php The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. OBO_REL:has_part extra or missing physical or functional parts has or lacks parts of type mereological quality number of cardinality number has number of The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. PATOC:CJM A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. lacking processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:GVG A functionality quality which is held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform additional or different function(s). having supernumerary functions having extra function A functionality quality which is held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform additional or different function(s). PATO:MAH A mass which is lower than normal or average. low mass small mass decreased mass A mass which is lower than normal or average. PATO:GVG A mass which is higher than normal or average. high mass large mass increased mass A mass which is higher than normal or average. PATO:GVG A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. extra or missing processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. PATOC:GVG A pressure which is relatively low. low pressure decreased pressure A pressure which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A pressure which is relatively high. high pressure increased pressure A pressure which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A physical quality that is the ability to contract or shrink. contractility A physical quality that is the ability to contract or shrink. WordNet:WordNet A contractility which is relatively high. high contractility increased contractility A contractility which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A contractility which is relatively low. low contractility decreased contractility A contractility which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. curvature A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. WordNet:WordNet A life span which is relatively high. high life span increased life span A life span which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A life span which is relatively low. low life span decreased life span A life span which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distorted in form. disfigured distorted deformed A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distorted in form. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of a part or parts of the bearer's being decreased in size due to reduction in tissue mass through wasting. atrophic atrophied A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of a part or parts of the bearer's being decreased in size due to reduction in tissue mass through wasting. Wiikipedia:Wasting Wikipedia:Atrophy A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits decreased ability to perform a regular function(s). dysfunction dysfunctional having decreased function lacks function of type low functionality partial functionality impaired decreased functionality A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits decreased ability to perform a regular function(s). PATO:MAH A functional quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits increased ability to perform a regular function(s). high functionality increased functionality A functional quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits increased ability to perform a regular function(s). PATO:MAH An 1-D extent quality which is equal to the length of the closed curve of a circle. circumference An 1-D extent quality which is equal to the length of the closed curve of a circle. WordNet:WordNet A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively high. high resistance to increased resistance increased resistance to A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively low. decreased resistance low resistance to decreased resistance to A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A contractility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of contracting or being contracted. This refers to the disposition of the bearer. contractile A contractility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of contracting or being contracted. PATOC:GVG A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity increased viscosity A viscosity which relatively high. PATOC:GVG A viscosity which relatively low. low viscosity decreased viscosity A viscosity which relatively low. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size 1-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3D size 3-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. PATOC:GVG An 1-D extent quality inhering in two-dimensional bearer by virtue of being equal to the distance around it. perimeter An 1-D extent quality inhering in two-dimensional bearer by virtue of being equal to the distance around it. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perimeter A perimeter which is relatively high. increased perimeter A perimeter which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A perimeter which is relatively low. decreased perimeter A perimeter which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of liquids. liquid liquid configuration A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of liquids. PATOC:GVG A shape quality in which a portion of the outermost boundary of an entity folds in space such that a portion that was originally convex is now concave. invaginated A shape quality in which a portion of the outermost boundary of an entity folds in space such that a portion that was originally convex is now concave. PATOC:GVG A flexibility which is relatively high. high flexibility increased flexibility A flexibility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A flexibility which is relatively low. low flexibility decreased flexibility A flexibility which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormally developed, usually due to malnutrition. dystrophied dystrophy dystrophic A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormally developed, usually due to malnutrition. Wiikipedia:Wiikipedia A density which is higher relative to the normal or average. high density increased mass density A density which is higher relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A density which is lower relative to the normal or average. low density decreased mass density A density which is lower relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being wound in a continuous series of loops. coiling A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being wound in a continuous series of loops. Online_Dictionary:Online_Dictionary A coiling which is relatively high. high coiling increased coiling A coiling which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A coiling which is relatively low. low coiling decreased coiling A coiling which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increasing over time. progressive A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increasing over time. PATOC:GVG A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. concave A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. WordNet:WordNet A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. chronic A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. PATOC:cjm A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormal and having a destructive effect on living tissue. pathological A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormal and having a destructive effect on living tissue. PATOC:cjm A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. rod-like rod-shaped tubulate cylindrical A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. PATOC:MAH A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being cylindrical, in which the height is less than the diameter. disc-shaped disk-shaped discoid A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being cylindrical, in which the height is less than the diameter. PATOC:cjm A circumference which is relatively high. increased circumference A circumference which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A circumference which is relatively low. decreased circumference A circumference which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. multinucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a three dimensional cavity with a narrow or no opening, and often containing an anatomical substance. sacular saccular A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a three dimensional cavity with a narrow or no opening, and often containing an anatomical substance. PATOC:MAH An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. cellularity An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. PATOC:GVG A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. multicellular A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. PATOC:GVG A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATOC:CJM An amount which is relatively low. decreased number present in fewer numbers in organism decreased reduced subnumerary decreased amount An amount which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. loss of lacks parts or has fewer parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. PATOC:CJM A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. OBO_REL:lacks_part lacks all physical parts of type Example: [E=organism Q=lacks_all_parts_of_type E2=Wing] - applies to an organism. A relational quality in which the bearer entity has no parts of the specified type. The bearer of this quality has_part = 0 of the indicated entity type, where a comparable organism usually has at least 1 part of the same type. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e lacks all parts of type X at time t, then there exists no instances x of X at t such that x part_of e that has no wings, where wings are normally present in that organism type. In OWL this is equivalent to a restriction on the OBO_REL:has_part relation with cardinality=0, i.e has_part 0 E2. lacks all parts of type A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. decreased number of has decreased number of has fewer physical parts of type Example: [E=hand Q=has_fewer_parts_of_type E2=digit] - applies to an organism that has no less fingers than is normal for organisms of that type. has fewer parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. has extra parts of has increased number of having extra physical parts having supernumerary physical parts increased number of In polydactyly, the bearer of the quality is the hand, and the entity type being counted is 'finger'. In EQ syntax, E=hand, Q=<this> E2=finger. has extra parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. PATOC:CJM Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. concavity Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. PATOC:MAH A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. 2-D projection cross-sectional 2-D shape A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Convex_polygon_illustration1.png Use this term or an is_a child of this term when the entire shape of the object is known. convex 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. branchiness A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. PATOC:MAH A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. structure, cavities A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer exhibiting deterioration of its structure. degeneration A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer exhibiting deterioration of its structure. PATOC:GVG A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward on both sides or surfaces. biconcave A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward on both sides or surfaces. PATOC:GVG A branched quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having smaller branches arising from larger branches. Resembling a tree in branching structure. dendriform dendroid dendroidal dendritic A branched quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having smaller branches arising from larger branches. Resembling a tree in branching structure. PATOC:cvs An occurrence which is relatively high. increased incidence increased occurrence An occurrence which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG An occurrence which is relatively low. decreased incidence decreased occurrence An occurrence which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG physical quality of a process A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. hollow A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollow Having extra or fewer parts. altered number of Having extra or fewer parts. PATOC:GVG An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. basophilic An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. laminar A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's changed direction of position towards another entity. spatial deviation A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's changed direction of position towards another entity. PATO:GVG A deviation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's changed direction of position towards the side. deviation towards the lateral side A deviation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's changed direction of position towards the side. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. compressed Becoming flat but not necessarily completely flat. flattened A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. PATOC:CVS Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. channeled creased grooved Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. PATOC:JE A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. 3-D shape A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:OREGON A mobility which is relative high. increased mobility A mobility which is relative high. PATO:GVG A mobility which is relative low. decreased mobility A mobility which is relative low. PATOC:GVG An elasticity which is relatively high. increased elasticity An elasticity which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG An elasticity which is relatively low. decreased elasticity An elasticity which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG aplastic/hypoplastic A cylindrical shape that is hollow. tube like tube-shaped tubulate tubular A cylindrical shape that is hollow. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt Lamé curve superelliptic A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt wiktionary:superellipse A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. temporal distribution quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. PATOC:LC The temporal relation between the start of the process with respect to a reference process. initiation onset quality The temporal relation between the start of the process with respect to a reference process. PATOC:LC An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for acidic dyes under specific pH conditions. eosinophilic Eosin stains acidophilic structures, hence eosinophilic is the same as acidophilic. acidophilic An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for acidic dyes under specific pH conditions. PATOC:GVG Pertaining to the individual parts making up an aggregate fruit like a many-lobed "berry," such as a raspberry. Acinus is Latin for berry. acinar Pertaining to the individual parts making up an aggregate fruit like a many-lobed "berry," such as a raspberry. wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acinus A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being composed of or possessing inorganic material. mineralized A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being composed of or possessing inorganic material. PATOC:WC A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of collagen. collagenous A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of collagen. PATOC:WD A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of swelling or stretching. distensible A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of swelling or stretching. PATOC:WD A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel, that are oriented transversely relative to the long axis of the bearer. transversely striated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel, that are oriented transversely relative to the long axis of the bearer. PATOC:DS A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. nucleated A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. PATOC:GVG A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of keratin. keratinous A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of keratin. PATOC:EJS A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. disconnected A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. GOC:dos A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the extent to which the bearer is capable of being stretched or swollen. distensibility A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the extent to which the bearer is capable of being stretched or swollen. GOC:CJM A quality inhering in a cell by virtue of the cell having a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. high N:C ratio A high nuclear/cytolasmic ratio is 70% or higher. high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio A quality inhering in a cell by virtue of the cell having a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Wikipedia:NC_ratio&oldid=931936284 http://lymerick.net/blood-cells.pdf A rate which is relatively normal. normal rate A quality of an object that has a value that is normal or average. normal object quality A coiling which is normal or average. normal coiling A contractility which is relatively normal or average. normal contractility An elasticity which is relatively normal or average. normal elasticity A flexibility which is relatively normal or average. normal flexibility A life span which is relatively normal or average. normal life span A mass which is relatively normal or average. normal mass A density which is relatively normal or average. normal mass density A mobility which is relatively normal or average. normal mobility A position which is relatively normal or average normal position A pressure which is relatively normal or average normal pressure A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively normal or average normal resistance to A size quality which is relatively normal or average normal size A height which is relatively normal or average normal height A length quality which is relatively normal or average normal length A perimeter which is relatively normal or average normal perimeter A circumference which is relatively normal or average normal circumference A volume which is relatively normal or average normal volume A quality of a process that has a value that is normal or average. normal process quality A viscosity which is relatively normal or average normal viscosity A duration quality of a process which is relatively normal. normal duration An occurrence which is relatively normal. normal occurrence A quality of continuant that exist at the anatomical level of organisation and anything under it. This includes, but is not limited to, cells , tissues, and components. anatomical structure quality A quality inhering in an anotomical structure by virtue of its capacity to be stained by specific histological dyes. anatomical histological quality An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction that stains and colors, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. neutrophillic An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction that stains and colors, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. GOC:add An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. polychromatophilic An affinity inhering in an anatomical structure by virtue of the bearer exhibiting a molecular interaction for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. GOC:add A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow, plural) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow, plural) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) seedling (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow, plural) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) clonal colony (related) colony (related) Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003). PO_GIT:465 portion of ovule primordium tissue (exact) primordio de &#243vulo (Spanish, exact) 胚珠原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) The transition from ovule primordium to ovule occurs when an integument (PO:0020021) begins to develop from the protoderm (PO:0006210). ovule primordium A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062). PO_GIT:465 pistil primordium (exact) portion of gynoecium primordium tissue (exact) primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact) 雌蕊原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact) Use carpel primordium (PO:0004703) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual carpel (PO:0009030). gynoecium primordium A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). PO_GIT:234 &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) shoot axis apex A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395). floral meristem (exact) mersitema floral (Spanish, exact) 花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae floret meristem (narrow) ear floret meristem (narrow) floret meristem (narrow) tassel floret meristem (narrow) floral apical meristem (related) In Zea mays and other grasses, the floret meristem is part of a spikelet and develops into a specific type of floret. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the spikelet type that the meristem is part of. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet (PO:0009051), ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311). flower meristem A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. CL:0000034 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) stem cell (exact) 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) meristematic cell A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). PO_GIT:472 PO_GIT:583 meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) shoot system meristem A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). PO_GIT:125 portion of protoderm tissue (exact) protodermis (Spanish, exact) 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) dermatogen cell (related) A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. protoderm A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs. PO_GIT:36 meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) reproductive shoot apical meristem A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010). aggregate fruit (broad) compound fruit (broad) dehiscent fruit (broad) diaspore (broad) indehiscent fruit (broad) multiple fruit (broad) propagule (broad) FNA:67fa41ae-b735-4d89-b5db-7631b873ef7a FNA:c13b1312-1cc5-4ace-98e2-fde12aec09da PO_GIT:76 frucht (exact, German) fruto (exact, Spanish) 果実 (exact, Japanese) coenocarp (narrow) syncarp (narrow) A fruit (PO:0009001) may contain additional plant structures (PO:0009011) that were part of a flower (PO:0009046) and mature along with the gynoecium, such as a receptacle (PO:0009064). A fruit may develop without fertilization in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions and may not always contain seeds (PO:0009010). When annotating to fruit (PO:0009001) that are referred to as ‘aggregate’, ‘multiple’, or ‘compound’, please annotate directly to the appropriate plant structure, such as receptacle, hypanthium (PO:0009065) or infructescence (PO:0006342). Fruits only occur in angiosperms. fruit A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). cell (broad) GO:0005623 PO_GIT:56 c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. plant cell A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 PO_GIT:135 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) tree crown (narrow) Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) thalli (related, plural) thallus (related) The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. shoot system A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. portion of tissue (broad) tissue (broad) PO_GIT:59 porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant tissue (related) A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. portion of plant tissue A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. organ (broad) PATO:01503 PO_GIT:55 &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) compound plant organ (related) simple plant organ (related) Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). plant organ A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631). embryo (broad) PO_GIT:92 embri&#243n (Spanish, exact) 植物胚 (Japanese, exact) germ (related) A plant embryo is generally formed after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa; the beginning of a seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010). plant embryo A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088). diaspore (broad) FNA:f5c50e73-61e3-48ec-b918-6f85b3f40738 PO_GIT:405 semilla (Spanish, exact) 種子 (Japanese, exact) pyrene (narrow) A seed generally develops from an ovule (PO:0020003) after fertilization, but may develop without fertilization in the case of apogamy (e.g., adventitious embryos or somatic embryos). A seed is a reproductive unit of seed plants (gymnosperms, angiosperms, and fossil pteridosperms). seed A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. plant structure A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. PO_GIT:185 TAIR:0000205 etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) plant growth and development stage (exact) Arabidopsis growth (related) Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. plant structure development stage A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. PO_GIT:472 meristem (exact) meristema (Spanish, exact) meristematic tissue (exact) 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) portion of meristem tissue A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part. PO_GIT:160 PO_GIT:259 flor (Spanish, exact) 花 (Japanese, exact) Asteraceae floret (narrow) basal flower (narrow) double flower (narrow) hermaphrodite flower (narrow) monoclinous flower (narrow) perfect flower (narrow) floret (related) The characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. May have as part one or more petals, sepals or tepals. May contain one or more pistillode (PO:0009078), staminode (PO:0009077) or other aborted organs that don't show up in mature form. flower A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046). pistil (broad) PO_GIT:470 PO_GIT:71 PO_GIT:98 ginoecio (Spanish, exact) gynaecium (exact) gynoecia (exact, plural) 雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae gynoecium (narrow) Zea gynoecium (narrow) apocarpous gynoecium (narrow) gynoecium of ear floret (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of tassel floret (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow) syncarpous gynoecium (narrow) If annotating gene expression to a gynoecium with a single carpel (PO:0009030), the annotation should go on carpel. A gynoecium with two or more carpels may be either syncarpous (carpels fused) or apopcarpous (carpels free) or the carpels may be partially fused. The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium for a synocarpous gynoecium, and synonymously with carpel for an apocarpous gynoecium, whether it has one or more carpels. In Zea mays, gynoecia of tassel florets and of the lower florets of ear spikelets usually do not develop fully, and they are present in a rudimentary state. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). gynoecium A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006). PO_GIT:464 PO_GIT:70 &#243vulo vegetal (Spanish, exact) 胚珠 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae ovule (narrow) Zea ovule (narrow) A seed (PO:0009010) develops from a plant ovule. In angiosperms, a plant ovule is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072). In conifers, a plant ovule is part of an ovuliferous scale (add term). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352). plant ovule A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:579 AM (exact) meristema apical (Spanish, exact) 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) primary meristem (related) apical meristem A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:472 SAM (exact) meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) primary shoot meristem (related) shoot apical meristem An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) plant axes (exact, plural) 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) Includes roots and shoots. plant axis A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). PO_GIT:63 estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. collective plant organ structure A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005). cycle (broad) verticil (broad) FNA:12607624-3d2a-4113-bd86-0e2557f2f473 FNA:d42df0a9-60f4-4c24-9c0b-ba815272f2fe GO:0048438 GO:0048457 GO:0048458 GO:0048459 PO_GIT:90 PO_GIT:99 estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact) 葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact) floral whorl (narrow) whorl (narrow) phyllome whorl (related) collective phyllome structure A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). caullome (exact) eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) shoot (related) Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. shoot axis A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094). sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) reproductive shoot system A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009). PO_GIT:245 PO_GIT:339 embryonic plant structure (exact) estructura vegetal embri&#243nica (Spanish, exact) 胚性植物構造 (Japanese, exact) Includes plant structures that only occur in embryos (such as suspensor) as well as plant structures that are part of an embryo when a plant is in the embryonic phase (such as embryonic radicle). embryo plant structure A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). PO_GIT:186 portion of primordial tissue (exact) portion of primordium tissue (exact) primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. primordium An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem. &#225pice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) reproductive shoot apex A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009). portion of embryo tissue (broad) PO_GIT:338 portion of embryonic plant tissue (exact) tejido embri&#243nico vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物胚性組織 の一部 (Japanese, exact) This class is for tissues that only occur as part of an embryo. portion of embryo plant tissue A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497). PO_GIT:391 etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact) Includes flower development stage (PO:0007615), corolla development stage (PO:0007604), and inflorescence development stage (PO:0001083). collective plant organ structure development stage A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046). PO_GIT:423 &#243rgano floral (Spanish, exact) flower organ (exact) 花器官 (Japanese, exact) Includes phyllomes such as anthers and petals, as well as shoot axes such as androphores and gynophores. floral organ A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222). PO_GIT:465 floral structure primordia (exact, plural) portion of floral structure primordium tissue (exact) primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact) 花器官原基 (Japanese, exact) If annotating to a primordium of a floral structure, it is better to use the more specific term, such as petal primordium (PO:0000021) or anther primordium (PO:0006089). floral organ primordium A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. PO_GIT:480 estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). PO_GIT:479 estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). collective plant structure A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death. PO_GIT:517 The shoot system (PO:0009006) develops fron the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in the plant embryo (PO:0009009) in vascular plants. In lower plants the gametophore (PO:0030018) arises from a gametophore meristematic apical cell (PO:0030019) in the protonema (PO:0030003). shoot system development stage A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082). PO_GIT:517 reproductive shoot system development stage A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). PO_GIT:586 A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). native plant cell A fruit (PO:0009001) which at maturity comprises a fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085). indehiscent fruit (broad) PO_GIT:652 bacca (exact) baya (exact, Spanish) beere (exact, German) berry (exact) pyrine (narrow) Examples: pepper (Capsicum annuum), papaya (Carica papaya), avocado (Persea americana), may apple (Podophyllum peltatum), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), chocolate (Theobroma cacao), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and grape (Vitis vinifera). berry fruit A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as a part a hard receptacle (PO:0009064) which surrounds, and is indistinct from, the exocarp (PO:0009085). indehiscent fruit (broad) panzerbeere (broad, German) (broad) PO_GIT:652 kürbisfrucht (exact, German) pepo (exact) pepónide (exact, Spanish) A pepo fruit (PO:0030111) is specialized type of berry fruit (PO:0030108) which is encapsuled by persistent, accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) tissue. The rind, or tough outer covering, of pepo fruits comprises receptical tissue and at least the exocarp (PO:0009085) layer of the pericarp (PO:0009084). Examples: pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and banana (Musa acuminata). pepo fruit An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. natural protein native protein The definition above excludes protein complexes, which some also consider a protein. Those who wish to refer to a class representing both senses of the word are directed to CHEBI:36080. Note that the definition allows for experimentally-manipulated genes, and allows for artifically-produced derivatives that mimic those found naturally. Proteins (in the sense defined here) that descended from a common ancestor can be classified into families and superfamilies composed of products of evolutionarily-related genes. The domain architecture of a protein is described by the order of its constituent domains. Proteins with the same domains in the same order are defined as homeomorphic [PRO:WCB]. protein An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. PRO:DAN PRO:WCB natural protein PRO:DAN native protein IEDB:BP A protein that is a translation product of the human CD19 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an N-terminal extracellular domain containing two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, followed by a single-pass transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. CD19 expression is restricted to members of the B cell lineage. It functions as a co-receptor for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), regulating signal transduction. IUPHARobj:2764 PIRSF:PIRSF016630 B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4 CD19 T-cell surface antigen Leu-12 differentiation antigen CD19 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD19 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD19 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an N-terminal extracellular domain containing two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, followed by a single-pass transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. CD19 expression is restricted to members of the B cell lineage. It functions as a co-receptor for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), regulating signal transduction. PMID:15778510 CD19 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human CD34 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is a leukocyte membrane protein expressed specifically by lymphohematopoietic progenitor cells. It contains a single-pass transmembrane domain and that show distinct expression on early hematopoietic precursors and vascular-associated tissue. Acts as a scaffold that presents selectin carbohydrate ligands in a clustered, tissue specific manner to allow for higher avidity interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells during the inflammatory process. In common with related sialomucins (endoglycan and podocalyxin), the extracellular region is dominated by an N-terminal mucin-like domain, which is densely substituted with sialylated O-linked carbohydrates. The mucin-like region is followed by a cysteine-containing and presumably globular domain. This domain may fold into an immunoglobulin-like structure as the positions of 2 of the cysteines are conserved in the C2 set of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The cytoplasmic domain is around 73-76 residues long and highly conserved. PIRSF:PIRSF028749 CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD34 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD34 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is a leukocyte membrane protein expressed specifically by lymphohematopoietic progenitor cells. It contains a single-pass transmembrane domain and that show distinct expression on early hematopoietic precursors and vascular-associated tissue. Acts as a scaffold that presents selectin carbohydrate ligands in a clustered, tissue specific manner to allow for higher avidity interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells during the inflammatory process. In common with related sialomucins (endoglycan and podocalyxin), the extracellular region is dominated by an N-terminal mucin-like domain, which is densely substituted with sialylated O-linked carbohydrates. The mucin-like region is followed by a cysteine-containing and presumably globular domain. This domain may fold into an immunoglobulin-like structure as the positions of 2 of the cysteines are conserved in the C2 set of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The cytoplasmic domain is around 73-76 residues long and highly conserved. PMID:16720896 PMID:8983065 CD34 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human CD4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD4 is an accessory protein for MHC class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. It is the primary receptor for HIV-1. CD4 has four immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region that share the same structure, but can differ in sequence. PIRSF:PIRSF001977 CD4 T-cell differentiation antigen L3T4 T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD4 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD4 is an accessory protein for MHC class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. It is the primary receptor for HIV-1. CD4 has four immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region that share the same structure, but can differ in sequence. PMID:15326605 CD4 PRO:DNx An integrin alpha that contains an A domain. A hallmark of this class is the presence of a von Willebrand factor type A domain (Pfam:PF00092) (I-domain) of approximately 200 amino acid residues at the N terminus, which confers divalent cation binding properties. Unlike other integrin alpha proteins, they do not undergo proteolytic cleavage. PIRSF:PIRSF002497 integrin alpha with I domain Category=family. integrin alpha with A domain An integrin alpha that contains an A domain. A hallmark of this class is the presence of a von Willebrand factor type A domain (Pfam:PF00092) (I-domain) of approximately 200 amino acid residues at the N terminus, which confers divalent cation binding properties. Unlike other integrin alpha proteins, they do not undergo proteolytic cleavage. PIRSF:PIRSF002497 A protein that is a translation product of the human PTPRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains. Contains 1 to 3 copies of the Fibronectin type III domain (Pfam:PF00041) followed by two copies of the Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Pfam:PF00102) domain. Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (CD45) regulates signal transduction and lymphocyte activation by specific association with receptor molecules on T and B cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45 (180-235 kDa) can be generated asa result of alternative splicing of three variable exons 4(A), 5(B) and 6(C), encoding sequences at the N-terminal extracellular domain of the molecule. T200 IUPHARobj:1852 PIRSF:PIRSF002004 L-CA PTPRC leukocyte common antigen ly-5 lymphocyte antigen 5 CD45 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C A protein that is a translation product of the human PTPRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains. Contains 1 to 3 copies of the Fibronectin type III domain (Pfam:PF00041) followed by two copies of the Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Pfam:PF00102) domain. Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (CD45) regulates signal transduction and lymphocyte activation by specific association with receptor molecules on T and B cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45 (180-235 kDa) can be generated asa result of alternative splicing of three variable exons 4(A), 5(B) and 6(C), encoding sequences at the N-terminal extracellular domain of the molecule. PMID:1351092 PRO:CNA T200 PRO:DNx PTPRC PRO:DNx CD45 An integrin alpha with A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGAM gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. They constitute subunits of the integrin alpha-M/beta-2 receptor. This receptor is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles. It is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. IUPHARobj:2452 CD11 antigen-like family member B CD11b CR-3 alpha chain ITGAM cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 neutrophil adherence receptor CD11B CR3A Category=gene. Requested by=CL. integrin alpha-M An integrin alpha with A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGAM gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. They constitute subunits of the integrin alpha-M/beta-2 receptor. This receptor is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles. It is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. UniProtKB:P11215 ITGAM PRO:DNx CD11B CR3A An integrin alpha with A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGAX gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Integrin alpha-X complexed with beta-2 is a receptor for fibrinogen. It recognizes the sequence GPR in fibrinogen. It mediates cell-cell interaction during inflammatory responses. It is especially important in monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. IUPHARobj:2454 CD11 antigen-like family member C CD11c ITGAX Leu M5 leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein p150,95 alpha chain leukocyte adhesion receptor p150,95 CD11C Category=gene. Requested by=CL. integrin alpha-X An integrin alpha with A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGAX gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Integrin alpha-X complexed with beta-2 is a receptor for fibrinogen. It recognizes the sequence GPR in fibrinogen. It mediates cell-cell interaction during inflammatory responses. It is especially important in monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. UniProtKB:P20702 ITGAX PRO:DNx CD11C A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08575-3 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD45RABC PTPRC/iso:CD45RABC B220 CD45R Category=sequence. Requested by=CL. Note: This isoform includes the region encoded by the variable exons 4(A), 5(B), and 6(C). receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RABC A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08575-3 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PMID:1351092 PRO:CNA PRO:DAN PTPRC/iso:CD45RABC PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45R that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08575-8 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD45RA PTPRC/iso:CD45RA Category=sequence. Requested by=CL. Note: This isoform includes the region encoded by the variable exon 4(A), and lacks the region encoded by exons 5(B) and 6(C). receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45R that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08575-8 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PMID:1351092 PRO:CNA PRO:DAN PTPRC/iso:CD45RA PRO:DNx A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of an extracellular N-terminal domain that adopts an immunoglobulin fold, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular C-terminal domain with a single copy of the Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (Pfam:PF02189) (ITAM). It constitutes the invariant subunit of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). TCR is a surface receptor on T cells responsible for recognizing MHC-restricted antigens and initiating the cellular immune response. PIRSF:PIRSF001993 CD3 subunit with Ig-like domain Category=family. CD3 subunit with immunoglobulin domain A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of an extracellular N-terminal domain that adopts an immunoglobulin fold, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular C-terminal domain with a single copy of the Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (Pfam:PF02189) (ITAM). It constitutes the invariant subunit of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). TCR is a surface receptor on T cells responsible for recognizing MHC-restricted antigens and initiating the cellular immune response. PMID:16473826 PMID:1724736 A CD3 subunit with immunoglobulin domain that is a translation product of the human CD3E gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2742 CD3E CD3e T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain T3E Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD3 epsilon A CD3 subunit with immunoglobulin domain that is a translation product of the human CD3E gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA CD3E PRO:DNx T3E A protein with a domain composition consisting of a large extracellular domain, including five Ig-like C2-type domains followed by two copies of the Fibronectin type-III domain (Pfam:PF00041), a single-pass transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. PIRSF:PIRSF002507 Category=family. neural cell adhesion molecule A protein with a domain composition consisting of a large extracellular domain, including five Ig-like C2-type domains followed by two copies of the Fibronectin type-III domain (Pfam:PF00041), a single-pass transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. PRO:CNA A neural cell adhesion molecule that is involved in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and regeneration. PIRSF:PIRSF501037 Category=family. neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM A neural cell adhesion molecule that is involved in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and regeneration. PMID:17975827 A neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM that is a translation product of the human NCAM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2769 CD56 N-CAM-1 NCAM-1 NCAM1 NCAM Category=gene. Requested by=CL. neural cell adhesion molecule 1 A neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM that is a translation product of the human NCAM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA NCAM1 PRO:DNx NCAM A protein that is a translation product of the human CD2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2600 PIRSF:PIRSF001984 CD2 LFA-2 LFA-3 receptor T-cell surface antigen CD2 T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD2 erythrocyte receptor ly-37 lymphocyte antigen 37 rosette receptor SRBC Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD2 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA CD2 PRO:DNx SRBC A protein that is a translation product of the human CD8A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD8 is a transmembrane that is a co-receptor for MHC class-I antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. The most common form of CD8 is composed of a CD8 alpha and a CD8 beta chain. CD8A CD8a T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-2 T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen T8/Leu-2 Lyt-2 Lyt2 MAL Category=gene. Requested by=CL. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain A protein that is a translation product of the human CD8A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD8 is a transmembrane that is a co-receptor for MHC class-I antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. The most common form of CD8 is composed of a CD8 alpha and a CD8 beta chain. PMID:11114424 PRO:CNA Wikipedia:CD8 CD8A PRO:DNx Lyt-2 Lyt2 MAL A G-protein coupled receptor that contains the 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) domain (Pfam:PF00001), which includes 7 transmembrane helices (TMI-TM7) with 3 intracellular loops (IL1-IL3) and 3 extracellular loops (EL1-EL3) between the helices. The amino-terminal region is extracellular and the carboxyl-terminal region is intracellular. Rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are unique among the several classes of GPCRs in that most have a very short amino-terminal segment and several characteristic sequence motifs, particularly NSxxNPxxY in TM7 and D/E-R-Y/F between TM3 and loop IL2. Most bind their ligands within a cavity between the TM regions. IUPHAR:GPCRListForward?class=A PIRSF:PIRSF800006 class 1 G-protein coupled receptor class A G-protein coupled receptor fam:rhodopsin Category=family. Classification based on GRAFS system. [PMID:12761335] rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor A G-protein coupled receptor that contains the 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) domain (Pfam:PF00001), which includes 7 transmembrane helices (TMI-TM7) with 3 intracellular loops (IL1-IL3) and 3 extracellular loops (EL1-EL3) between the helices. The amino-terminal region is extracellular and the carboxyl-terminal region is intracellular. Rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are unique among the several classes of GPCRs in that most have a very short amino-terminal segment and several characteristic sequence motifs, particularly NSxxNPxxY in TM7 and D/E-R-Y/F between TM3 and loop IL2. Most bind their ligands within a cavity between the TM regions. PMID:12761335 PRO:DAN PRO:WCB class 1 G-protein coupled receptor PMID:15914470 class A G-protein coupled receptor IUPHAR:GPCRListForward?class=A fam:rhodopsin PRO:DAN A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that in active form binds to one or more chemokines. IUPHARfam:14 PIRSF:PIRSF038545 Category=family. Note: Only those that have been unequivocally shown to activate a G-protein coupled signaling pathway appear on the official IUPHAR list. chemokine receptor A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that in active form binds to one or more chemokines. PMID:12037138 PRO:WCB PRO:XQ A chemokine receptor that is a translation product of the human CCR1 or CCR3 genes, the mouse CCR1L1 gene, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF501024 Category=family. chemokine receptor CCR1/3/1L A chemokine receptor that is a translation product of the human CCR1 or CCR3 genes, the mouse CCR1L1 gene, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. PRO:DAN PRO:WCB A chemokine receptor CCR1/3/1L that is a translation product of the human CCR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:58 C-C CKR-1 CC-CKR-1 CCR-1 CCR1 CD191 HM145 LD78 receptor MIP-1alpha-R RANTES-R chemokine receptor CCR1 macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor CMKBR1 CMKR1 SCYAR1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. C-C chemokine receptor type 1 A chemokine receptor CCR1/3/1L that is a translation product of the human CCR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CCR1 PRO:DNx CMKBR1 CMKR1 SCYAR1 A chemokine receptor CCR1/3/1L that is a translation product of the human CCR3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:60 C-C CKR-3 CC-CKR-3 CCR-3 CCR3 CD193 CKR3 MIP-1 alpha RL2 chemokine receptor CCR3 eosinophil eotaxin receptor macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor-like 2 CMKBR3 Cmkbr1l2 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. C-C chemokine receptor type 3 A chemokine receptor CCR1/3/1L that is a translation product of the human CCR3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PMID:12037138 PRO:WCB CCR3 PRO:DNx CMKBR3 Cmkbr1l2 A protein that contains the ADP-ribosyl cyclase domain (Pfam:PF02267). PIRSF:PIRSF005736 Category=family. ADP-ribosyl cyclase A protein that contains the ADP-ribosyl cyclase domain (Pfam:PF02267). PRO:WCB A protein that is a translation product of the human MS4A1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2628 PIRSF:PIRSF001995 B-cell differentiation antigen Ly-44 B-cell surface antigen CD20 B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1 Bp35 MS4A1 leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16 lymphocyte antigen 44 CD20 Ly-44 Ms4a2 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 A protein that is a translation product of the human MS4A1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB MS4A1 PRO:DNx CD20 Ly-44 Ms4a2 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD207 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD207 langerin CLEC4K Category=gene. Requested by=CL. C-type lectin domain family 4 member K A protein that is a translation product of the human CD207 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD207 PRO:DNx CLEC4K A protein that is a translation product of the human CD44 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD44 CD44 antigen CDw44 ECMR-III GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor HUTCH-I PGP-1 epican extracellular matrix receptor III heparan sulfate proteoglycan hermes antigen hyaluronate receptor ly-24 lymphocyte antigen 24 phagocytic glycoprotein 1 phagocytic glycoprotein I LHR MDU2 MDU3 MIC4 PGP-I Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD44 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD44 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD44 PRO:DNx LHR MDU2 MDU3 MIC4 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD48 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF001973 B-lymphocyte activation marker BLAST-1 BCM1 surface antigen BLAST-1 CD48 CD48 antigen HM48-1 MRC OX-45 surface antigen SLAM family member 2 SLAMF2 TCT.1 leukocyte antigen MEM-102 sgp-60 signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 BCM1 BLAST1 Bcm-1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD48 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD48 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD48 PRO:DNx BCM1 BLAST1 Bcm-1 A protein that has a core domain structure of signal sequence, propeptide, five Cadherin domains (Pfam:PF00028), a transmembrane region, and a Cadherin cytoplasmic region (Pfam:PF01049). Cadherins function as adhesion molecules that mediate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion in solid tissues. PIRSF:PIRSF002504 Category=family. cadherin A protein that has a core domain structure of signal sequence, propeptide, five Cadherin domains (Pfam:PF00028), a transmembrane region, and a Cadherin cytoplasmic region (Pfam:PF01049). Cadherins function as adhesion molecules that mediate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion in solid tissues. PRO:WCB A protein that is a translation product of the human CEACAM8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD66b CD67 antigen CEACAM8 carcinoembryonic antigen CGM6 non-specific cross-reacting antigen NCA-95 CGM6 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 A protein that is a translation product of the human CEACAM8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA CEACAM8 PRO:DNx CGM6 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD69 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. A type II transmembrane protein with a C-type lectin binding domain in the extracellular portion of the molecule. Involved in lymphocyte proliferation and functions as a signal transmitting receptor in lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and platelets. AIM BL-AC/P26 C-type lectin domain family 2 member C CD69 EA1 GP32/28 MLR-3 activation inducer molecule early T-cell activation antigen p60 early activation antigen CD69 leukocyte surface antigen Leu-23 CLEC2C Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD69 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD69 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. A type II transmembrane protein with a C-type lectin binding domain in the extracellular portion of the molecule. Involved in lymphocyte proliferation and functions as a signal transmitting receptor in lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and platelets. PMID:10466080 PRO:CNA UniProtKB:Q07108 CD69 PRO:DNx CLEC2C A protein that is a translation product of the human ENPP3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD203c E-NPP 3 ENPP3 PD-Ibeta ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 phosphodiesterase I beta phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3 PDNP3 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 A protein that is a translation product of the human ENPP3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB ENPP3 PRO:DNx PDNP3 A protein that is a translation product of the human ENG gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2895 PIRSF:PIRSF038746 CD105 ENG cell surface MJ7/18 antigen END Edg Category=gene. Requested by=CL. endoglin A protein that is a translation product of the human ENG gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA ENG PRO:DNx END Edg A protein that is the stand alone version of the Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (Pfam:PF01019) domain. The functional protein catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming glutamate), and consists of two polypeptide chains, a heavy and a light subunit, processed from a single chain precursor by an autocatalytic cleavage. PIRSF:PIRSF000457 Category=family. gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase A protein that is the stand alone version of the Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (Pfam:PF01019) domain. The functional protein catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming glutamate), and consists of two polypeptide chains, a heavy and a light subunit, processed from a single chain precursor by an autocatalytic cleavage. InterPro:IPR000101 PRO:CNA A protein with a core domain architecture consisting of an extracellular domain containing two copies of the Immunoglobulin domain (Pfam:PF00047), followed by a single-pass transmembrane region and a small intracellular domain. The active protein is a low affinity receptor for immunoglobulin gamma chain Fc region. Human II-a, II-b, and II-c represent a recent gene expansion and are equally related to mouse II, III, and IV. Human III-A and III-B are closely related and closer to mouse IV than to mouse III. PIRSF:PIRSF001980 Category=family. immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II/III/IV A protein with a core domain architecture consisting of an extracellular domain containing two copies of the Immunoglobulin domain (Pfam:PF00047), followed by a single-pass transmembrane region and a small intracellular domain. The active protein is a low affinity receptor for immunoglobulin gamma chain Fc region. Human II-a, II-b, and II-c represent a recent gene expansion and are equally related to mouse II, III, and IV. Human III-A and III-B are closely related and closer to mouse IV than to mouse III. PRO:WCB A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2RA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. p55 IUPHARobj:1695 PIRSF:PIRSF001954 CD25 IL-2 receptor subunit alpha IL-2-RA IL-2R subunit alpha IL2-RA IL2RA TAC antigen Il2r Category=gene. Requested by=CL. interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2RA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA p55 PRO:DNx IL2RA PRO:DNx Il2r A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2RB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. p75 IUPHARobj:1696 CD122 IL-2 receptor subunit beta IL-2R subunit beta IL-2RB IL2RB high affinity IL-2 receptor subunit beta p70-75 IL15RB Category=gene. Requested by=CL. interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2RB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA p75 PRO:DNx IL2RB PRO:DNx IL15RB A protein with four transmembrane domains, small intracellular amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions, and two extracellular loops, a small one (EC1) and a larger one (EC2) of about 100 residues. The EC2 loop contains at least 4 cysteine residues, including a highly conserved 'CCG' motif. PIRSF:PIRSF002419 Category=family. tetraspanin A protein with four transmembrane domains, small intracellular amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions, and two extracellular loops, a small one (EC1) and a larger one (EC2) of about 100 residues. The EC2 loop contains at least 4 cysteine residues, including a highly conserved 'CCG' motif. PRO:WCB Wikipedia:Tetraspanin An ADP-ribosyl cyclase that is a translation product of the human CD38 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2766 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase 2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1 ADPRC 1 CD38 I-19 NIM-R5 antigen T10 cADPr hydrolase 1 cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 An ADP-ribosyl cyclase that is a translation product of the human CD38 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD38 PRO:DNx A cadherin that is a translation product of the human CDH5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. 7B4 antigen CD144 CDH5 VE-cadherin vascular endothelial cadherin Category=gene. Requested by=CL. cadherin-5 A cadherin that is a translation product of the human CDH5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CDH5 PRO:DNx An immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II/III/IV that is a translation product of the mouse Fcgr2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD32 Fc gamma receptor IIB Fc-gamma RII Fc-gamma-RIIB FcRII Fcgr2 IgG Fc receptor II beta ly-17 lymphocyte antigen 17 Fcgr2b Category=gene. Requested by=CL. low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II An immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II/III/IV that is a translation product of the mouse Fcgr2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA CD32 PRO:DNx Fcgr2 PRO:DNx Fcgr2b An immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II/III/IV that is a translation product of the mouse Fcgr3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD16 Fc-gamma RIII FcRIII Fcgr3 IgG Fc receptor III Category=gene. Requested by=CL. low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III An immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II/III/IV that is a translation product of the mouse Fcgr3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA Fcgr3 PRO:DNx A protein with core architecture consisting of one Prominin (Pfam:PF05478) domain. The prominins are an emerging family of proteins that, among the multispan membrane proteins, display a novel topology. Mouse and human prominin and prominin-like 1 are predicted to contain five membrane spanning domains, with an N-terminal domain exposed to the extracellular space followed by four, alternating small cytoplasmic and large extracellular, loops and a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. PIRSF:PIRSF017831 Category=family. prominin A protein with core architecture consisting of one Prominin (Pfam:PF05478) domain. The prominins are an emerging family of proteins that, among the multispan membrane proteins, display a novel topology. Mouse and human prominin and prominin-like 1 are predicted to contain five membrane spanning domains, with an N-terminal domain exposed to the extracellular space followed by four, alternating small cytoplasmic and large extracellular, loops and a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. InterPro:IPR008795 PMID:11467842 A prominin that is a translation product of the human PROM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD133 PROM1 antigen AC133 antigen AC133 homolog prominin-like protein 1 MSTP061 PROML1 Prom Category=gene. Requested by=CL. prominin-1 A prominin that is a translation product of the human PROM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA PROM1 PRO:DNx MSTP061 PROML1 Prom A protein that is a translation product of the human NT5E gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. 5'-NT ecto-5'-nucleotidase IUPHARobj:1232 CD73 IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase NT5E thymidylate 5'-phosphatase NT5 NTE Category=gene. Requested by=CL. 5'-nucleotidase A protein that is a translation product of the human NT5E gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB NT5E PRO:DNx NT5 NTE A protein that is a translation product of the human CD59 gene, a 1:1 ortholog thereof, or pro-orthologs thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF038782 CD59-like Category=gene. Requested by=CL. Pro-orthology refers to, in this case, after-speciation gene duplication in the non-human species (aka 1:many orthology). This gene is present as a single copy in human and has undergone a lineage-specific duplication in mouse. CD59 antigen has a core architecture consisting of one UPAR/Ly-6 domain (Pfam:PF00021), a small domain of about 70 amino acids and containing 5 conserved disulfide bonds. It is both N- and O-glycosylated and is a GPI-anchored protein that releases soluble forms in some tissues. CD59-like glycoprotein A protein that is a translation product of the human CD59 gene, a 1:1 ortholog thereof, or pro-orthologs thereof. PRO:WCB CD59-like PRO:DNx A protein with core architecture consisting of asignal sequence, 5 Ig-like domains, followed by a transmembrane sequence, followed by a Protein tyrosine kinase domain (Pfam:PF07714). However, only 1-3 of the Ig domains are detected by the Pfam HMMs in most of the sequences. Pfam:PF00047 is most common, but other members of the Ig domain clan, Pfam:PF07679 and Pfam:PF07686 can be identified instead. The fourth Ig domain lacks the disulfide-bonded cysteines. PIRSF:PIRSF000615 Category=family. CSF-1/PDGF receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase A protein with core architecture consisting of asignal sequence, 5 Ig-like domains, followed by a transmembrane sequence, followed by a Protein tyrosine kinase domain (Pfam:PF07714). However, only 1-3 of the Ig domains are detected by the Pfam HMMs in most of the sequences. Pfam:PF00047 is most common, but other members of the Ig domain clan, Pfam:PF07679 and Pfam:PF07686 can be identified instead. The fourth Ig domain lacks the disulfide-bonded cysteines. PRO:WCB A protein that is a translation product of the human SLAMF1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD150 CDw150 IPO-3 SLAMF1 SLAM Category=gene. Requested by=CL. SLAM family member 1 A protein that is a translation product of the human SLAMF1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB SLAMF1 PRO:DNx SLAM A protein that is a translation product of the human CD7 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF038791 CD7 GP40 T-cell antigen CD7 T-cell leukemia antigen T-cell surface antigen Leu-9 TP41 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD7 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD7 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD7 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human CD5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD5 Lyt-1 ly-1 lymphocyte antigen 1 lymphocyte antigen T1/Leu-1 LEU1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD5 PRO:DNx LEU1 A protein that is a translation product of the human THY1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF038777 CD90 CDw90 THY1 Thy-1 antigen Thy-1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein A protein that is a translation product of the human THY1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB THY1 PRO:DNx Thy-1 A protein with core architecture consisting of a large extracellular region containing one Integrin, beta chain domain (Pfam:PF00362), up to four EGF-like domains (Pfam:PF07974), and an Integrin beta tail domain (Pfam:PF07965), followed by a single-pass transmembrane region and a small cytoplasmic region often containing an Integrin beta cytoplasmic domain (Pfam:PF08725). PIRSF:PIRSF002512 Category=family. integrin beta A protein with core architecture consisting of a large extracellular region containing one Integrin, beta chain domain (Pfam:PF00362), up to four EGF-like domains (Pfam:PF07974), and an Integrin beta tail domain (Pfam:PF07965), followed by a single-pass transmembrane region and a small cytoplasmic region often containing an Integrin beta cytoplasmic domain (Pfam:PF08725). PRO:WCB A protein that is a translation product of the human IL3RA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1705 CD123 IL-3 receptor subunit alpha IL-3R subunit alpha IL-3R-alpha IL-3RA IL3RA interleukin-3 receptor class II alpha chain IL3R Sut-1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. interleukin-3 receptor class 2 alpha chain A protein that is a translation product of the human IL3RA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB IL3RA PRO:DNx IL3R Sut-1 A protein that is a translation product of the human IL5RA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1706 PIRSF:PIRSF018419 CD125 CDw125 IL-5 receptor subunit alpha IL-5R subunit alpha IL-5R-alpha IL-5RA IL5RA IL5R Category=gene. Requested by=CL. interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha A protein that is a translation product of the human IL5RA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB IL5RA PRO:DNx IL5R A protein that is a translation product of the human IL7R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1698 PIRSF:PIRSF001960 CD127 CDw127 IL-7 receptor subunit alpha IL-7R subunit alpha IL-7R-alpha IL-7RA IL7R Category=gene. Requested by=CL. interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha A protein that is a translation product of the human IL7R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB IL7R PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the KLRB1 gene or its closely related paralogs (KLRB1A-F). There are lineage-specific expansions in mouse and rat. PIRSF:PIRSF038804 Category=family. Requested by=CL. KLRB1-like protein A protein that is a translation product of the KLRB1 gene or its closely related paralogs (KLRB1A-F). There are lineage-specific expansions in mouse and rat. PRO:WCB A protein that is a translation product of the human SPN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF001994 B-cell differentiation antigen LP-3 GALGP SPN galactoglycoprotein leukocyte sialoglycoprotein ly-48 lymphocyte antigen 48 sialophorin CD43 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. leukosialin A protein that is a translation product of the human SPN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB SPN PRO:DNx CD43 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD14 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF002017 CD14 monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD14 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD14 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD14 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human CD33 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2601 CD33 gp67 myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3 siglec-3 SIGLEC3 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD33 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD33 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD33 PRO:DNx SIGLEC3 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD244 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD244 NAIL NK cell activation-inducing ligand NK cell type I receptor protein 2B4 NKR2B4 SLAM family member 4 SLAMF4 non-MHC restricted killing associated signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 4 2B4 Nmrk Category=gene. Requested by=CL. natural killer cell receptor 2B4 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD244 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD244 PRO:DNx 2B4 Nmrk A protein that is a translation product of the human MME gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1611 PIRSF:PIRSF501074 CALLA CD10 MME NEP SFE atriopeptidase common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen enkephalinase neutral endopeptidase neutral endopeptidase 24.11 skin fibroblast elastase EPN Category=gene. Requested by=CL. neprilysin A protein that is a translation product of the human MME gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB MME PRO:DNx EPN A protein that is a translation product of the human PAX5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP PAX5 Pax-5 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. paired box protein PAX-5 A protein that is a translation product of the human PAX5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB PAX5 PRO:DNx Pax-5 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD163 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD163 hemoglobin scavenger receptor M130 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD163 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD163 PRO:DNx M130 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD24 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD24 HSA M1/69-J11D heat stable antigen R13-Ag X62 heat stable antigen ly-52 lymphocyte antigen 52 nectadrin small cell lung carcinoma cluster 4 antigen CD24A Category=gene. The mouse ortholog is Cd24a. Mouse protein Cd24b likely also orthologous. Currently it is not in UniProt. Requested by=CL. signal transducer CD24 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD24 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD24 PRO:DNx CD24A A protein that is a translation product of the human SDC1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF015854 CD138 SDC1 SYND1 SDC Synd-1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. syndecan-1 A protein that is a translation product of the human SDC1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB SDC1 PRO:DNx SDC Synd-1 A protein that is a translation product of the human SPI1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. 31 kDa-transforming protein SFFV proviral integration 1 protein SPI1 Sfpi-1 Sfpi1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. transcription factor PU.1 A protein that is a translation product of the human SPI1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB SPI1 PRO:DNx Sfpi-1 Sfpi1 A protein that is a translation product of the human TFRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. p90 CD71 T9 TFRC TfR TfR1 TR Trfr Category=gene. Requested by=CL. transferrin receptor protein 1 A protein that is a translation product of the human TFRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB p90 PRO:DNx TFRC PRO:DNx Trfr A protein that is a translation product of the human CD40LG gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. TRAP PIRSF:PIRSF016527 CD154 CD40-L CD40LG T-cell antigen Gp39 TNF-related activation protein CD40L TNFSF5 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD40LG gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB TRAP PRO:DNx CD40LG PRO:DNx CD40L TNFSF5 A protein that is a translation product of the human CD27 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1876 PIRSF:PIRSF001966 CD27 CD27L receptor T-cell activation antigen CD27 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7 T14 TNFRSF7 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD27 molecule A protein that is a translation product of the human CD27 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB CD27 PRO:DNx TNFRSF7 A protein that is a translation product of the human PLAUR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PIRSF:PIRSF002022 CD87 PLAUR U-PAR monocyte activation antigen Mo3 uPAR MO3 UPAR Category=gene. Requested by=CL. urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor A protein that is a translation product of the human PLAUR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB PLAUR PRO:DNx MO3 UPAR A protein with core architecture consisting of a signal sequence, followed by 7 Ig-like domains (Pfam:PF00047, Pfam:PF07679, or Pfam:PF07686), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic Protein tyrosine kinase domain. PIRSF:PIRSF038502 Category=family. vascular endothelial growth factor receptor A protein with core architecture consisting of a signal sequence, followed by 7 Ig-like domains (Pfam:PF00047, Pfam:PF07679, or Pfam:PF07686), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic Protein tyrosine kinase domain. PRO:WCB A CSF-1/PDGF receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase that is a translation product of the human FLT3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1807 PIRSF:PIRSF500949 FL cytokine receptor FLK-2 FLT-3 FLT3 Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 fetal liver kinase 2 stem cell tyrosine kinase 1 tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT3 tyrosine-protein kinase receptor flk-2 CD135 FLK2 STK-1 STK1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 A CSF-1/PDGF receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase that is a translation product of the human FLT3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB FLT3 PRO:DNx CD135 FLK2 STK1 A CSF-1/PDGF receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase that is a translation product of the human KIT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1805 PIRSF:PIRSF500951 CD117 KIT proto-oncogene c-Kit tyrosine-protein kinase Kit SCFR Sl Category=gene. Requested by=CL. mast/stem cell growth factor receptor A CSF-1/PDGF receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase that is a translation product of the human KIT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB KIT PRO:DNx SCFR Sl A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human KDR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:1813 CD309 FLK-1 KDR VEGFR-2 fetal liver kinase 1 kinase NYK kinase insert domain receptor protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 FLK1 VEGFR2 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human KDR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:WCB KDR PRO:DNx FLK1 VEGFR2 A CD14 molecule, signal peptide removed form that lacks the GPI-anchor and has been processed by proteolytic cleavage to yield the N-terminal domain with extra C-terminal residues as compared to cleaved 2 form. uCD14 CD14/Clv:1/soluble monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 isoform 1 cleaved 1 sCD14 56kd form sCD14 beta sCD14 high M(r) form Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14, urinary form Category=modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 1 soluble form A CD14 molecule, signal peptide removed form that lacks the GPI-anchor and has been processed by proteolytic cleavage to yield the N-terminal domain with extra C-terminal residues as compared to cleaved 2 form. PMID:7519994 uCD14 PMID:7519994 CD14/Clv:1/soluble PRO:DNx sCD14 beta PMID:7522157 A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 that lacks the GPI-anchor. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 uCD14 CD14/Clv:2/soluble Secreted form of CD14 monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 isoform 1 cleaved 2 sCD14 48kd form sCD14 C form sCD14 alpha sCD14 low M(r) form Category=modification. Note: This form appears to derive from release of the GPI-anchored form, mCD14. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 soluble form A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 that lacks the GPI-anchor. PMID:2779588 CD14 molecule cleaved 2 PRO:CNA uCD14 PRO:DNx CD14/Clv:2/soluble PRO:DNx Secreted form of CD14 Reactome:R-HSA-166025 sCD14 C form PMID:1880416 sCD14 alpha PMID:7522157 A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 that is the mature membrane-bound form of this protein. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345, Asn-345, MOD:00167. CD14 molecule cleaved and GPI-anchored 1 CD14/Clv:2/anchored GPI-anchored form of CD14 Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14, membrane-bound form monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 isoform 1 cleaved and GPI-anchored 1 mCD14 Category=modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 GPI-anchored form A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 that is the mature membrane-bound form of this protein. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345, Asn-345, MOD:00167. PMID:3385210 PRO:CNA CD14 molecule cleaved and GPI-anchored 1 PRO:CNA CD14/Clv:2/anchored PRO:DNx GPI-anchored form of CD14 Reactome:R-HSA-166033 A protein that is the translation product of any of the LY6 genes (LY6A-LY6I). PIRSF:PIRSF002021 Category=family. Ly-6-like protein A protein that is the translation product of any of the LY6 genes (LY6A-LY6I). PRO:CNA A KLRB1-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Klrb1c gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD161 antigen-like family member C CD161c Klrb1c NK1.1 NKR-P1 40 NKR-P1.9 NKR-P1C ly-55c lymphocyte antigen 55c natural killer cell surface protein P1-40 Ly55c Nkrp1c Category=gene. Requested by=CL. killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C A KLRB1-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Klrb1c gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA Klrb1c PRO:DNx Ly55c Nkrp1c An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6g gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Ly-6G Ly-6G.1 Ly6g Category=gene. Requested by=CL. lymphocyte antigen 6G An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6g gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA Ly6g PRO:DNx An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6a gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Ly-6A.2/Ly-6E.1 Ly6a T-cell-activating protein stem cell antigen 1 Ly6 SCA-1 TAP Category=gene. Requested by=CL. lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1 An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6a gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA Ly6a PRO:DNx Ly6 An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6c2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Ly-6C2 Ly6c2 Ly6c Category=gene. Requested by=CL. lymphocyte antigen 6C2 An Ly-6-like protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ly6c2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA Ly6c2 PRO:DNx Ly6c A protein that is a translation product of the Ly76 gene in mouse. mLy76 ter-119 ter119 Category=organism-gene. Requested by=CL. lymphocyte antigen 76 (mouse) A protein that is a translation product of the Ly76 gene in mouse. PMID:10848813 PRO:DAN mLy76 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human RAG1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. RAG-1 RAG1 RING finger protein 74 RNF74 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 A protein that is a translation product of the human RAG1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA RAG1 PRO:DNx RNF74 A protein that is a translation product of the human RAG2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. RAG-2 RAG2 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 A protein that is a translation product of the human RAG2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:CNA RAG2 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human AFP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. AFP alpha-1-fetoprotein alpha-fetoglobulin HPAFP Category=gene. alpha-fetoprotein A protein that is a translation product of the human AFP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx AFP PRO:DNx HPAFP A protein that is a translation product of the human ALB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. ALB serum albumin Alb-1 Alb1 GIG20 GIG42 PRO0903 PRO1708 PRO2044 PRO2619 PRO2675 UNQ696/PRO1341 Category=gene. albumin A protein that is a translation product of the human ALB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx ALB PRO:DNx Alb-1 Alb1 GIG20 GIG42 PRO0903 PRO1708 PRO2044 PRO2619 PRO2675 UNQ696/PRO1341 A tetraspanin that is a translation product of the human CD9 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. p24 5H9 antigen CD9 CD9 antigen MRP-1 cell growth-inhibiting gene 2 protein leukocyte antigen MIC3 motility-related protein tetraspanin-29 tspan-29 GIG2 MIC3 TSPAN29 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CD9 molecule A tetraspanin that is a translation product of the human CD9 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx p24 PRO:DNx CD9 PRO:DNx GIG2 MIC3 TSPAN29 A protein that is a translation product of the human CEBPA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C/EBP alpha CEBPA CEBP Category=gene. Requested by=CL. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha A protein that is a translation product of the human CEBPA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx CEBPA PRO:DNx CEBP A protein that is a translation product of the human CGA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CG-alpha CGA FSH-alpha LSH-alpha TSH-alpha anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha choriogonadotropin alpha chain chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain follitropin alpha chain luteinizing hormone alpha chain lutropin alpha chain thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain thyrotropin alpha chain Category=gene. glycoprotein hormones alpha chain A protein that is a translation product of the human CGA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx CGA PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the mouse Cd200r3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD200 cell surface glycoprotein receptor-like 3 CD200 cell surface glycoprotein receptor-like b CD200 receptor-like 3 CD200RLb Cd200r3 cell surface glycoprotein OX2 receptor 3 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 3 A protein that is a translation product of the mouse Cd200r3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx Cd200r3 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human DNTT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. DNTT terminal addition enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase terminal transferase TDT Category=gene. Requested by=CL. DNA nucleotidylexotransferase A protein that is a translation product of the human DNTT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx DNTT PRO:DNx TDT An immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II/III/IV that is a translation product of the human FCER1A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2933 FCER1A Fc-epsilon RI-alpha IgE Fc receptor subunit alpha FCE1A FcERI Category=gene. Requested by=CL. high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha An immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor II/III/IV that is a translation product of the human FCER1A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx FCER1A PRO:DNx FCE1A A protein that is a translation product of the human FGF8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. FGF-8 FGF8 androgen-induced growth factor AIGF HBGF-8 heparin-binding growth factor 8 Category=gene. fibroblast growth factor 8 A protein that is a translation product of the human FGF8 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx FGF8 PRO:DNx AIGF A protein that is a translation product of the human FOXN1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2958 FOXN1 HNF-3/forkhead homolog 11 winged-helix transcription factor nude Fkh19 HFH-11 Hfh11 RONU WHN hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 forkhead homolog 11 Category=gene. forkhead box protein N1 A protein that is a translation product of the human FOXN1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx FOXN1 PRO:DNx Fkh19 Hfh11 RONU WHN A protein that is a translation product of the human GATA1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Eryf1 GATA-1 GATA-binding factor 1 GATA1 NF-E1 DNA-binding protein ERYF1 GF-1 GF1 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. erythroid transcription factor A protein that is a translation product of the human GATA1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx GATA1 PRO:DNx ERYF1 GF1 A protein that is a translation product of the human GATA2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. GATA-binding protein 2 GATA2 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 A protein that is a translation product of the human GATA2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx GATA2 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human GOT1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. AAT ASAT AST AspAT SGO-T SGOT aspartate aminotransferase aspartate transaminase serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase transaminase A GOT1 cAST cAspAT cCAT cysteine aminotransferase, cytoplasmic cysteine transaminase, cytoplasmic glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 Category=gene. Note: This form is predominantly found in red blood cells and heart in humans. aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic A protein that is a translation product of the human GOT1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx AAT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase ASAT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase AST Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase AspAT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase SGO-T Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase SGOT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase aspartate aminotransferase Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase aspartate transaminase Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase transaminase A PRO:DNx GOT1 PRO:DNx cAST Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase A protein that is a translation product of the human GOT2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. AAT ASAT AST AspAT SGO-T SGOT aspartate aminotransferase aspartate transaminase fatty acid-binding protein serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase transaminase A FABP-1 FABPpm GOT2 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 kynurenine aminotransferase 4 kynurenine aminotransferase IV kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4 kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV mAST mAspAT plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein Got-2 KYAT4 Category=gene. Note: This form is predominantly found in the liver in humans. aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial A protein that is a translation product of the human GOT2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx AAT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase ASAT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase AST Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase AspAT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase SGO-T Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase SGOT Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase aspartate aminotransferase Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase aspartate transaminase Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase fatty acid-binding protein PRO:DNx serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase transaminase A PRO:DNx GOT2 PRO:DNx mAST Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase Got-2 KYAT4 A protein that is a translation product of the human HP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. HP Category=gene. haptoglobin A protein that is a translation product of the human HP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx HP PRO:DNx An insulin family protein that is a translation product of the human INS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. insulin INS Category=gene. insulin gene translation product An insulin family protein that is a translation product of the human INS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx insulin PRO:DAN INS PRO:DNx An integrin alpha lacking A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGA2B gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2441 CD41 GPIIb GPalpha IIb ITGA2B platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb GP2B ITGAB Category=gene. Requested by=CL. integrin alpha-IIb An integrin alpha lacking A domain that is a translation product of the human ITGA2B gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx ITGA2B PRO:DNx GP2B ITGAB An integrin beta that is a translation product of the human ITGB7 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. IUPHARobj:2461 Gut homing receptor beta subunit ITGB7 M290 IEL antigen integrin beta-P Category=gene. Requested by=CL. integrin beta-7 An integrin beta that is a translation product of the human ITGB7 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx ITGB7 PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human LTF gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. LTF lactoferrin talalactoferrin GIG12 LF Category=gene. Requested by=CL. lactotransferrin A protein that is a translation product of the human LTF gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx LTF PRO:DNx GIG12 LF A protein that is a translation product of the human SHH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. HHG-1 SHH Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains ShhNC Hhg1 Category=gene. sonic hedgehog protein A protein that is a translation product of the human SHH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx SHH PRO:DNx Hhg1 A protein that is a translation product of the human TAL1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5 TAL-1 TAL1 bHLHa17 class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 17 stem cell protein BHLHA17 SCL TCL5 Category=gene. Requested by=CL. T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 A protein that is a translation product of the human TAL1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx TAL1 PRO:DNx BHLHA17 SCL TCL5 A protein that is a translation product of the human TMED1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. TMED1 interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ligand p24 family protein gamma-1 p24gamma1 putative T1/ST2 receptor-binding protein IL1RL1L IL1RL1LG Category=gene. Requested by=CL. transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 A protein that is a translation product of the human TMED1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx TMED1 PRO:DNx IL1RL1L IL1RL1LG A glycoprotein hormone beta chain that is a translation product of the human TSHB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. TSH-B TSH-beta TSHB thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta thyrotropin alfa thyrotropin beta chain Category=gene. thyrotropin subunit beta A glycoprotein hormone beta chain that is a translation product of the human TSHB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx TSHB PRO:DNx 2 An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. peptide polypeptide Category=polymer. amino acid chain An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. PRO:DAN PRO:JSG peptide PRO:DAN polypeptide PRO:DAN A protein that is produced as the result of proteolytic processing of a longer protein. ClvPrd peptide polypeptide proteolytic cleavage product A protein that is produced as the result of proteolytic processing of a longer protein. PRO:DAN ClvPrd PRO:DAN peptide PRO:DAN polypeptide PRO:DAN A CD19 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD19/SigPep- Category=modification. CD19 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD19 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD19/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD34 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD34/SigPep- Category=modification. CD34 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD34 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD34/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD4 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD4/SigPep- Category=modification. CD4 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD4 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD4/SigPep- PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that has had the signal peptide removed. PTPRC/SigPep- Category=modification. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, signal peptide removed form A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx PTPRC/SigPep- PRO:DNx An integrin alpha-M that has had the signal peptide removed. ITGAM/SigPep- Category=modification. integrin alpha-M, signal peptide removed form An integrin alpha-M that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx ITGAM/SigPep- PRO:DNx An integrin alpha-X that has had the signal peptide removed. ITGAX/SigPep- Category=modification. integrin alpha-X, signal peptide removed form An integrin alpha-X that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx ITGAX/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD3 epsilon that has had the signal peptide removed. CD3E/SigPep- Category=modification. CD3 epsilon, signal peptide removed form A CD3 epsilon that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD3E/SigPep- PRO:DNx A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that has had the signal peptide removed. NCAM1/SigPep- Category=modification. neural cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx NCAM1/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD2 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD2/SigPep- Category=modification. CD2 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD2 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD2/SigPep- PRO:DNx A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that has had the signal peptide removed. CD8A/SigPep- Category=modification. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain, signal peptide removed form A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD8A/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD48 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD48/SigPep- Category=modification. CD48 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD48 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD48/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD48 molecule that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. CD48/ClvPrd Category=modification. CD48 molecule proteolytic cleavage product A CD48 molecule that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx CD48/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 that has had the signal peptide removed. CEACAM8/SigPep- Category=modification. carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8, signal peptide removed form A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CEACAM8/SigPep- PRO:DNx A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. CEACAM8/ClvPrd Category=modification. carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 proteolytic cleavage product A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx CEACAM8/ClvPrd PRO:DNx An endoglin that has had the signal peptide removed. ENG/SigPep- Category=modification. endoglin, signal peptide removed form An endoglin that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx ENG/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. IL2RA/SigPep- Category=modification. interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx IL2RA/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta that has had the signal peptide removed. IL2RB/SigPep- Category=modification. interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta, signal peptide removed form An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx IL2RB/SigPep- PRO:DNx A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II that has had the signal peptide removed. Fcgr2/SigPep- Category=modification. low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II, signal peptide removed form A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx Fcgr2/SigPep- PRO:DNx A 5'-nucleotidase that has had the signal peptide removed. NT5E/SigPep- Category=modification. 5'-nucleotidase, signal peptide removed form A 5'-nucleotidase that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx NT5E/SigPep- PRO:DNx A 5'-nucleotidase that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. NT5E/ClvPrd Category=modification. 5'-nucleotidase proteolytic cleavage product A 5'-nucleotidase that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx NT5E/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A CD7 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD7/SigPep- Category=modification. CD7 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD7 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD7/SigPep- PRO:DNx A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that has had the signal peptide removed. CD5/SigPep- Category=modification. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5, signal peptide removed form A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD5/SigPep- PRO:DNx A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that has had the signal peptide removed. THY1/SigPep- Category=modification. Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein, signal peptide removed form A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx THY1/SigPep- PRO:DNx A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. THY1/ClvPrd Category=modification. Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein proteolytic cleavage product A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx THY1/ClvPrd PRO:DNx An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. IL5RA/SigPep- Category=modification. interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx IL5RA/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. IL7R/SigPep- Category=modification. interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx IL7R/SigPep- PRO:DNx A leukosialin that has had the signal peptide removed. SPN/SigPep- Category=modification. leukosialin, signal peptide removed form A leukosialin that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx SPN/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD14 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD14/SigPep- Category=modification. CD14 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD14 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD14/SigPep- PRO:DNx A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that has had the signal peptide removed. CD244/SigPep- Category=modification. natural killer cell receptor 2B4, signal peptide removed form A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD244/SigPep- PRO:DNx A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. CD163/ClvPrd Category=modification. scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 proteolytic cleavage product A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx CD163/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A signal transducer CD24 that has had the signal peptide removed. CD24/SigPep- Category=modification. signal transducer CD24, signal peptide removed form A signal transducer CD24 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD24/SigPep- PRO:DNx A transferrin receptor protein 1 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. TFRC/ClvPrd Category=modification. transferrin receptor protein 1 proteolytic cleavage product A transferrin receptor protein 1 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx TFRC/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. CD40LG/ClvPrd Category=modification. tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 proteolytic cleavage product A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx CD40LG/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A CD27 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. CD27/SigPep- Category=modification. CD27 molecule, signal peptide removed form A CD27 molecule that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CD27/SigPep- PRO:DNx A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that has had the signal peptide removed. PLAUR/SigPep- Category=modification. urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor, signal peptide removed form A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx PLAUR/SigPep- PRO:DNx A lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1 that has had the signal peptide removed. Ly6a/SigPep- Category=modification. lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1, signal peptide removed form A lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx Ly6a/SigPep- PRO:DNx A lymphocyte antigen 6C2 that has had the signal peptide removed. Ly6c2/SigPep- Category=modification. lymphocyte antigen 6C2, signal peptide removed form A lymphocyte antigen 6C2 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx Ly6c2/SigPep- PRO:DNx An alpha-fetoprotein that has had the signal peptide removed. AFP/SigPep- Category=modification. alpha-fetoprotein, signal peptide removed form An alpha-fetoprotein that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx AFP/SigPep- PRO:DNx An albumin that has had the signal peptide removed. ALB/SigPep- Category=modification. albumin, signal peptide removed form An albumin that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx ALB/SigPep- PRO:DNx An albumin that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. ALB/ClvPrd Category=modification. albumin proteolytic cleavage product An albumin that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx ALB/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A glycoprotein hormones alpha chain that has had the signal peptide removed. CGA/SigPep- Category=modification. glycoprotein hormones alpha chain, signal peptide removed form A glycoprotein hormones alpha chain that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx CGA/SigPep- PRO:DNx A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. FCER1A/SigPep- Category=modification. high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx FCER1A/SigPep- PRO:DNx A haptoglobin that has had the signal peptide removed. HP/SigPep- Category=modification. haptoglobin, signal peptide removed form A haptoglobin that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx HP/SigPep- PRO:DNx A haptoglobin that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. HP/ClvPrd Category=modification. haptoglobin proteolytic cleavage product A haptoglobin that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx HP/ClvPrd PRO:DNx An insulin gene translation product that has had the signal peptide removed. Proinsulin consists of the insulin B and A chains linked by the C-peptide. Example: UniProtKB:P01308, 25-110. INS/SigPep- insulin, signal peptide removed form Category=modification. proinsulin An insulin gene translation product that has had the signal peptide removed. Proinsulin consists of the insulin B and A chains linked by the C-peptide. Example: UniProtKB:P01308, 25-110. PRO:DAN INS/SigPep- PRO:DNx insulin, signal peptide removed form PRO:DNx An integrin alpha-IIb that has had the signal peptide removed. ITGA2B/SigPep- Category=modification. integrin alpha-IIb, signal peptide removed form An integrin alpha-IIb that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx ITGA2B/SigPep- PRO:DNx An integrin alpha-IIb that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. ITGA2B/ClvPrd Category=modification. integrin alpha-IIb proteolytic cleavage product An integrin alpha-IIb that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx ITGA2B/ClvPrd PRO:DNx An integrin beta-7 that has had the signal peptide removed. ITGB7/SigPep- Category=modification. integrin beta-7, signal peptide removed form An integrin beta-7 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx ITGB7/SigPep- PRO:DNx A lactotransferrin that has had the signal peptide removed. LTF/SigPep- Category=modification. lactotransferrin, signal peptide removed form A lactotransferrin that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx LTF/SigPep- PRO:DNx A lactotransferrin that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. LTF/ClvPrd Category=modification. lactotransferrin proteolytic cleavage product A lactotransferrin that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx LTF/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A sonic hedgehog protein that has had the signal peptide removed. SHH/SigPep- Category=modification. sonic hedgehog protein, signal peptide removed form A sonic hedgehog protein that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx SHH/SigPep- PRO:DNx A sonic hedgehog protein that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. SHH/ClvPrd Category=modification. sonic hedgehog protein proteolytic cleavage product A sonic hedgehog protein that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx SHH/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A thyrotropin subunit beta that has had the signal peptide removed. TSHB/SigPep- Category=modification. thyrotropin subunit beta, signal peptide removed form A thyrotropin subunit beta that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx TSHB/SigPep- PRO:DNx A thyrotropin subunit beta that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. TSHB/ClvPrd Category=modification. thyrotropin subunit beta proteolytic cleavage product A thyrotropin subunit beta that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx TSHB/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the Escherichia coli K-12 phoA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. APase phoA Category=gene. alkaline phosphatase A protein that is a translation product of the Escherichia coli K-12 phoA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PRO:DNx phoA PRO:DNx An alkaline phosphatase that has had the signal peptide removed. phoA/SigPep- Category=modification. alkaline phosphatase, signal peptide removed form An alkaline phosphatase that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx phoA/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD2 molecule that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. CD2/ClvPrd Category=modification. CD2 molecule proteolytic cleavage product A CD2 molecule that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. PRO:DNx CD2/ClvPrd PRO:DNx A protein that is composed of a long N-terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain contains beta-propeller repeats (interrupted by an A domain in a subset of integrins alpha), while the C-terminal domain contains a GFFxR motif. Category=family. Integrins are heterodimeric complexes of an alpha and a beta subunit. They are a structurally elaborate family of adhesion molecules that transmit signals bidirectionally across the plasma membrane by undergoing large-scale structural rearrangements. By regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts, integrins participate in a wide-range of biological interactions including development, tissue repair, angiogenesis, inflammation and hemostasis. [PMID:10402956, PMID:11988479, PMID:9676575]. integrin alpha A protein that is composed of a long N-terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain contains beta-propeller repeats (interrupted by an A domain in a subset of integrins alpha), while the C-terminal domain contains a GFFxR motif. PMID:19693543 An integrin alpha that lacks an A domain. This type of integrin is often cleaved into heavy and light chains. PIRSF:PIRSF005666 fam:ITGAsansA Category=family. integrin alpha lacking A domain An integrin alpha that lacks an A domain. This type of integrin is often cleaved into heavy and light chains. PRO:DAN fam:ITGAsansA PRO:DAN A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RABC that has had the signal peptide removed. PTPRC/iso:CD45RABC/SigPep- Category=modification. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RABC, signal peptide removed form A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RABC that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DAN PTPRC/iso:CD45RABC/SigPep- PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA that has had the signal peptide removed. PTPRC/iso:CD45RA/SigPep- Category=modification. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA, signal peptide removed form A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA that has had the signal peptide removed. PMID:1351092 PRO:CNA PTPRC/iso:CD45RA/SigPep- PRO:DNx A transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 that has had the signal peptide removed. TMED1/SigPep- Category=modification. transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1, signal peptide removed form A transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 that has had the signal peptide removed. PRO:DNx TMED1/SigPep- PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human CALCA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CALCA CALC Category=gene. CALCA gene translation product A protein that is a translation product of the human CALCA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. MGI:2151253 PRO:CNA CALCA PRO:DNx A CALCA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of mouse. mCALCA Category=organism-gene. CALCA gene translation product (mouse) A CALCA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of mouse. MGI:2151253 PRO:HJD mCALCA PRO:DNx A CALCA gene translation product that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P01258-1 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CALCA/iso:1 Category=sequence. calcitonin isoform 1 A CALCA gene translation product that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P01258-1 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PMID:8806650 PRO:CNA CALCA/iso:1 PRO:DNx An integrin alpha-M, signal peptide removed form in human. Example: UniProtKB:P11215-1, 17-1152. Reactome:R-HSA-202757 Reactome:R-HSA-6799647 Reactome:R-HSA-6800979 UniProtKB:P11215, 17-1152 hITGAM/SigPep- PRO_0000016289 UniProtKB:P11215-1, 17-1152 Category=organism-modification. integrin alpha-M, signal peptide removed form (human) An integrin alpha-M, signal peptide removed form in human. Example: UniProtKB:P11215-1, 17-1152. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-202757 PR:000027393 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-6799647 PR:000027393 located_in GO:0035579 Reactome:R-HSA-6800979 PR:000027393 located_in GO:0070821 UniProtKB:P11215, 17-1152 PRO:DNx hITGAM/SigPep- PRO:DNx PRO_0000016289 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P11215-1, 17-1152 PRO:DNx 1 1 A protein-containing complex that is a heterodimer of an alpha subunit (CGA) common to several glycoprotein hormones and a beta subunit (TSHB) unique to thyroid stimulating hormone. TSH thyrotropin Category=complex. Requested by=GOC. thyroid stimulating hormone A protein-containing complex that is a heterodimer of an alpha subunit (CGA) common to several glycoprotein hormones and a beta subunit (TSHB) unique to thyroid stimulating hormone. PRO:MSY An integrin alpha-IIb, signal peptide removed form in human. Example: UniProtKB:P08514-1, 32-1039. Reactome:R-HSA-57578 UniProtKB:P08514, 32-1039 hITGA2B/SigPep- PRO_0000016275 UniProtKB:P08514-1, 32-1039 Category=organism-modification. integrin alpha-IIb, signal peptide removed form (human) An integrin alpha-IIb, signal peptide removed form in human. Example: UniProtKB:P08514-1, 32-1039. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-57578 PR:000028409 located_in GO:0005886 UniProtKB:P08514, 32-1039 PRO:DNx hITGA2B/SigPep- PRO:DNx PRO_0000016275 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P08514-1, 32-1039 PRO:DNx A CD4 molecule, signal peptide removed form in human. UniProtKB:P01730, 26-458. Reactome:R-HSA-167542 Reactome:R-HSA-180575 Reactome:R-HSA-182147 Reactome:R-HSA-8869082 PRO_0000014621 UniProtKB:P01730, 26-458 hCD4/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. CD4 molecule, signal peptide removed form (human) A CD4 molecule, signal peptide removed form in human. UniProtKB:P01730, 26-458. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-167542 PR:000028418 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-180575 PR:000028418 located_in GO:0005789 Reactome:R-HSA-182147 PR:000028418 located_in GO:0005769 Reactome:R-HSA-8869082 PR:000028418 located_in GO:0030665 PRO_0000014621 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P01730, 26-458 PRO:DNx hCD4/SigPep- PRO:DNx A proteolytic cleavage product that is derived from any of the casein milk proteins. CN (f) Category=modification. casein derived peptide A proteolytic cleavage product that is derived from any of the casein milk proteins. PRO:DAN CN (f) PRO:DAN A protein that is encoded in the genome of Mus musculus. mouse protein Mus musculus protein A protein that is encoded in the genome of Mus musculus. PRO:DAN mouse protein PRO:DAN A protein that is encoded in the genome of Gallus gallus. chicken protein Gallus gallus protein A protein that is encoded in the genome of Gallus gallus. PRO:DAN chicken protein PRO:DAN A protein that is encoded in the genome of Homo sapiens. human protein Homo sapiens protein A protein that is encoded in the genome of Homo sapiens. PRO:DAN human protein PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 soluble form in mouse. mCD14/Clv:2/soluble Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 soluble form (mouse) A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 soluble form in mouse. PRO:DAN mCD14/Clv:2/soluble PRO:DAN A CALCA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of human. CALC1 (human) CGRP-I (human) alpha-type CGRP (human) calcitonin gene-related peptide I (human) hCALCA Category=organism-gene. CALCA gene translation product (human) A CALCA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P06881 CALC1 (human) UniProtKB:P06881 CGRP-I (human) UniProtKB:P06881 alpha-type CGRP (human) UniProtKB:P06881 calcitonin gene-related peptide I (human) UniProtKB:P06881 hCALCA PRO:DNx A protein that has G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity. Each GPCR consists of a single polypeptide with an extracellular N-terminus, an intracellular C-terminus and seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TM1-TM7) linked by three extracellular loops (ECL1-ECL3) and three intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL3). GPCRs function as part of a heterotrimeric complex to transmit an extracellular signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein via the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit. 7TM receptor seven-transmembrane receptor IUPHARfam:694 fam:GPCR Category=family. Classification based on GRAFS system. [PMID:12761335] G-protein coupled receptor A protein that has G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity. Each GPCR consists of a single polypeptide with an extracellular N-terminus, an intracellular C-terminus and seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TM1-TM7) linked by three extracellular loops (ECL1-ECL3) and three intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL3). GPCRs function as part of a heterotrimeric complex to transmit an extracellular signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein via the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit. IUPHARfam:694 PRO:DAN Wikipedia:GPCR 7TM receptor IUPHARfam:694 seven-transmembrane receptor IUPHARfam:694 fam:GPCR PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 GPI-anchored form in human. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345, Asn-345, MOD:00167. Reactome:R-HSA-166033 Reactome:R-HSA-2201284 GPI-N345-CD14 (human) GPI-anchored form of CD14 (human) PRO_0000020885, Asn-345, MOD:00167 UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345, Asn-345, MOD:00167 hCD14/Clv:2/anchored Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 GPI-anchored form (human) A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 GPI-anchored form in human. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345, Asn-345, MOD:00167. Reactome:R-HSA-166033 Reactome:R-HSA-2201284 Reactome:R-HSA-166033 PR:000035702 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-2201284 PR:000035702 located_in GO:0010008 GPI-N345-CD14 (human) Reactome:R-HSA-166033 Reactome:R-HSA-2201284 GPI-anchored form of CD14 (human) Reactome:R-HSA-166033 Reactome:R-HSA-2201284 PRO_0000020885, Asn-345, MOD:00167 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345, Asn-345, MOD:00167 PRO:DNx hCD14/Clv:2/anchored PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 soluble form in human. Reactome:R-HSA-166025 Secreted form of CD14 (human) hCD14/Clv:2/soluble Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 soluble form (human) A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 soluble form in human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P08571 Reactome:R-HSA-166025 PR:000035703 located_in GO:0005576 Secreted form of CD14 (human) Reactome:R-HSA-166025 hCD14/Clv:2/soluble PRO:DAN A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. Eukaryota protein eukaryotic protein A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. PRO:DAN Eukaryota protein PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved 1 soluble form in human. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-367. PRO_0000020884 UniProtKB:P08571, 20-367 hCD14/Clv:1/soluble Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 1 soluble form (human) A CD14 molecule cleaved 1 soluble form in human. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-367. PMID:7519994 PRO:CNA PRO_0000020884 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P08571, 20-367 PRO:DNx hCD14/Clv:1/soluble PRO:DNx A CD14 molecule, signal peptide removed form that lacks the propeptide. Example: UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345. CD14/Clv:2 Category=modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 A CD14 molecule, signal peptide removed form that lacks the propeptide. Example: UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345. PRO:DAN CD14/Clv:2 PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule, signal peptide removed form that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage to yield the N-terminal domain lacking a GPI-anchor. CD14/ClvPrd/soluble Category=modification. CD14 molecule cleaved and soluble form A CD14 molecule, signal peptide removed form that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage to yield the N-terminal domain lacking a GPI-anchor. PRO:DAN CD14/ClvPrd/soluble PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved and soluble form in mouse. mCD14/ClvPrd/soluble Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved and soluble form (mouse) A CD14 molecule cleaved and soluble form in mouse. PRO:DAN mCD14/ClvPrd/soluble PRO:DAN A CALCA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of chicken. chick-CALCA Category=organism-gene. CALCA gene translation product (chicken) A CALCA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:DAN chick-CALCA PRO:DNx A CD14 molecule cleaved and soluble form in human. hCD14/ClvPrd/soluble Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved and soluble form (human) A CD14 molecule cleaved and soluble form in human. PRO:DAN hCD14/ClvPrd/soluble PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 in mouse. This represents both the GPI-anchored and soluble forms. UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336. PRO_0000020887 UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336 mCD14/Clv:2 CD14 molecule (mouse) Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 (mouse) A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 in mouse. This represents both the GPI-anchored and soluble forms. UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336. PRO:DAN PRO_0000020887 PRO:DAN UniProtKB:P10810 UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336 PRO:DAN UniProtKB:P10810 mCD14/Clv:2 PRO:DAN CD14 molecule (mouse) PRO:DAN A sonic hedgehog protein, signal peptide removed form in mouse. UniProtKB:Q62226, 25-437. PRO_0000013211 UniProtKB:Q62226, 25-437 mSHH/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. sonic hedgehog protein, signal peptide removed form (mouse) A sonic hedgehog protein, signal peptide removed form in mouse. UniProtKB:Q62226, 25-437. PMID:18794898 PRO:CNA PRO_0000013211 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:Q62226, 25-437 PRO:DNx mSHH/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD14 molecule cleaved 1 soluble form in mouse. UniProtKB:P10810, 16-358. Secreted CD14 (mouse) UniProtKB:P10810, 16-358 mCD14/Clv:1/soluble Category=organism-modification. Note: The coordinates of the soluble form shown in the example were added based on similarity to the human soluble form corresponding to PR:000002146 [PRO:DAN]. CD14 molecule cleaved 1 soluble form (mouse) A CD14 molecule cleaved 1 soluble form in mouse. UniProtKB:P10810, 16-358. PMID:10601848 PMID:18606699 PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P10810, 16-358 PRO:DNx mCD14/Clv:1/soluble PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 GPI-anchored form in mouse. UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336, Asn-336, MOD:00167. GPI-anchored CD14 (mouse) PRO_0000020887, Asn-336, MOD:00167 UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336, Asn-336, MOD:00167 mCD14/Clv:2/anchored Category=organism-modification. Note: The coordinates of the GPI-anchored form shown are based on similarity to the human anchored form PR:000035702 [PRO:DAN]. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 GPI-anchored form (mouse) A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 GPI-anchored form in mouse. UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336, Asn-336, MOD:00167. PMID:10601848 PMID:18606699 PRO:CNA GPI-anchored CD14 (mouse) PRO:DNx PRO_0000020887, Asn-336, MOD:00167 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P10810, 16-336, Asn-336, MOD:00167 PRO:DNx mCD14/Clv:2/anchored PRO:DAN A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 in human. This represents both the GPI-anchored and soluble forms. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345. PRO_0000020885 UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345 hCD14/Clv:2 CD14 molecule (human) Category=organism-modification. CD14 molecule cleaved 2 (human) A CD14 molecule cleaved 2 in human. This represents both the GPI-anchored and soluble forms. UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345. PRO:CNA PRO:DAN PRO_0000020885 PRO:DAN UniProtKB:P08571 UniProtKB:P08571, 20-345 PRO:DAN UniProtKB:P08571 hCD14/Clv:2 PRO:DAN CD14 molecule (human) PRO:CNA A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of a signal peptide followed by a single copy of the Cys_knot (Pfam:PF00007) domain. The Cysteine knot is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges. Category=family. glycoprotein hormone beta chain A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of a signal peptide followed by a single copy of the Cys_knot (Pfam:PF00007) domain. The Cysteine knot is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges. PRO:CNA Pfam:PF00007 A protein that is a translation product of a gene that encodes a standalone Insulin (Pfam:PF00049) domain preceded by a signal peptide. fam:INS Category=family. insulin family protein A protein that is a translation product of a gene that encodes a standalone Insulin (Pfam:PF00049) domain preceded by a signal peptide. PRO:DAN fam:INS PRO:DAN An albumin (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P02768, 19-609. Reactome:R-HSA-114609 UniProtKB:P02768, 19-609 hALB/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. albumin, signal peptide removed form (human) An albumin (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P02768, 19-609. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-114609 Reactome:R-HSA-114609 PR:000046307 located_in GO:0005576 UniProtKB:P02768, 19-609 PRO:DNx hALB/SigPep- PRO:DNx A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q86VB7, 42-1156. Reactome:R-HSA-2168868 Reactome:R-HSA-2230974 PRO_0000238938 UniProtKB:Q86VB7, 42-1156 hCD163/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130, signal peptide removed form (human) A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q86VB7, 42-1156. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-2168868 Reactome:R-HSA-2230974 Reactome:R-HSA-2168868 PR:000046610 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-2230974 PR:000046610 located_in GO:0030666 PRO_0000238938 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:Q86VB7, 42-1156 PRO:DNx hCD163/SigPep- PRO:DNx A B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P15391, 20-556. Reactome:R-HSA-197740 PRO_0000014648 UniProtKB:P15391, 20-556 hCD19/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, signal peptide removed form (human) A B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P15391, 20-556. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197740 Reactome:R-HSA-197740 PR:000046612 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000014648 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P15391, 20-556 PRO:DNx hCD19/SigPep- PRO:DNx A T-cell surface antigen CD2 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P06729, 25-351. Reactome:R-HSA-197795 PRO_0000014600 UniProtKB:P06729, 25-351 hCD2/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. T-cell surface antigen CD2, signal peptide removed form (human) A T-cell surface antigen CD2 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P06729, 25-351. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197795 Reactome:R-HSA-197795 PR:000046618 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000014600 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P06729, 25-351 PRO:DNx hCD2/SigPep- PRO:DNx A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q9BZW8, 22-370. Reactome:R-HSA-197846 PRO_0000014668 UniProtKB:Q9BZW8, 22-370 hCD244/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. natural killer cell receptor 2B4, signal peptide removed form (human) A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q9BZW8, 22-370. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197846 Reactome:R-HSA-197846 PR:000046624 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000014668 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:Q9BZW8, 22-370 PRO:DNx hCD244/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD27 antigen (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P26842, 20-260. Reactome:R-HSA-5666994 PRO_0000034571 UniProtKB:P26842, 20-260 hCD27/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. CD27 antigen, signal peptide removed form (human) A CD27 antigen (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P26842, 20-260. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-5666994 Reactome:R-HSA-5666994 PR:000046625 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000034571 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P26842, 20-260 PRO:DNx hCD27/SigPep- PRO:DNx A myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P20138, 18-364. Reactome:R-HSA-197719 Reactome:R-HSA-6799615 Reactome:R-HSA-6800959 PRO_0000014878 UniProtKB:P20138, 18-364 hCD33/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. myeloid cell surface antigen CD33, signal peptide removed form (human) A myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P20138, 18-364. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197719 Reactome:R-HSA-197719 PR:000046634 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-6799615 PR:000046634 located_in GO:0035579 Reactome:R-HSA-6800959 PR:000046634 located_in GO:0070821 PRO_0000014878 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P20138, 18-364 PRO:DNx hCD33/SigPep- PRO:DNx A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P07766, 23-207. Reactome:R-HSA-197906 PRO_0000014607 UniProtKB:P07766, 23-207 hCD3E/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain, signal peptide removed form (human) A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P07766, 23-207. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197906 Reactome:R-HSA-197906 PR:000046639 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000014607 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P07766, 23-207 PRO:DNx hCD3E/SigPep- PRO:DNx A CD44 antigen (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P16070, 21-742. Reactome:R-HSA-1031688 Reactome:R-HSA-6804776 PRO_0000026687 UniProtKB:P16070, 21-742 hCD44/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. CD44 antigen, signal peptide removed form (human) A CD44 antigen (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P16070, 21-742. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-1031688 Reactome:R-HSA-1031688 PR:000046641 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-6804776 PR:000046641 located_in GO:0030667 PRO_0000026687 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P16070, 21-742 PRO:DNx hCD44/SigPep- PRO:DNx A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P01732, 22-235. Reactome:R-HSA-197601 PRO_0000014638 UniProtKB:P01732, 22-235 hCD8A/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain, signal peptide removed form (human) A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P01732, 22-235. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197601 Reactome:R-HSA-197601 PR:000046653 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000014638 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P01732, 22-235 PRO:DNx hCD8A/SigPep- PRO:DNx A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P12319, 26-257. Reactome:R-HSA-197802 PRO_0000015161 UniProtKB:P12319, 26-257 hFCER1A/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form (human) A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P12319, 26-257. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197802 Reactome:R-HSA-197802 PR:000047381 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000015161 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P12319, 26-257 PRO:DNx hFCER1A/SigPep- PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P36888, 27-993. Reactome:R-HSA-6786756 PRO_0000016778 UniProtKB:P36888, 27-993 hFLT3/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3, signal peptide removed form (human) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P36888, 27-993. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-6786756 Reactome:R-HSA-6786756 PR:000047430 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000016778 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P36888, 27-993 PRO:DNx hFLT3/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P01589, 22-272. Reactome:R-HSA-450046 PRO_0000011024 UniProtKB:P01589, 22-272 hIL2RA/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form (human) An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P01589, 22-272. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-450046 Reactome:R-HSA-450046 PR:000048015 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000011024 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P01589, 22-272 PRO:DNx hIL2RA/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P14784, 27-551. Reactome:R-HSA-197876 Reactome:R-HSA-8983172 PRO_0000010878 UniProtKB:P14784, 27-551 hIL2RB/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta, signal peptide removed form (human) An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P14784, 27-551. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197876 Reactome:R-HSA-197876 PR:000048016 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-8983172 PR:000048016 located_in GO:0005768 PRO_0000010878 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P14784, 27-551 PRO:DNx hIL2RB/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P26951, 19-378. Reactome:R-HSA-879938 PRO_0000010883 UniProtKB:P26951, 19-378 hIL3RA/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form (human) An interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P26951, 19-378. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-879938 Reactome:R-HSA-879938 PR:000048024 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000010883 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P26951, 19-378 PRO:DNx hIL3RA/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q01344, 21-420. Reactome:R-HSA-450072 PRO_0000010893 UniProtKB:Q01344, 21-420 hIL5RA/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form (human) An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q01344, 21-420. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-450072 Reactome:R-HSA-450072 PR:000048027 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000010893 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:Q01344, 21-420 PRO:DNx hIL5RA/SigPep- PRO:DNx An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P16871, 21-459. Reactome:R-HSA-449945 Reactome:R-HSA-9028500 PRO_0000010909 UniProtKB:P16871, 21-459 hIL7R/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha, signal peptide removed form (human) An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P16871, 21-459. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-449945 Reactome:R-HSA-449945 PR:000048032 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-9028500 PR:000048032 located_in GO:0030669 PRO_0000010909 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P16871, 21-459 PRO:DNx hIL7R/SigPep- PRO:DNx A proinsulin in human. UniProtKB:P01308, 25-110. Reactome:R-HSA-264893 UniProtKB:P01308, 25-110 hINS/SigPep- insulin, signal peptide removed form (human) Category=organism-modification. Requested by=MAxO. proinsulin (human) A proinsulin in human. UniProtKB:P01308, 25-110. PRO:DAN Reactome:R-HSA-264893 Reactome:R-HSA-264893 PR:000048036 located_in GO:0005788 UniProtKB:P01308, 25-110 PRO:DNx hINS/SigPep- PRO:DNx insulin, signal peptide removed form (human) PRO:DNx An integrin alpha-X (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P20702, 20-1163. Reactome:R-HSA-202764 Reactome:R-HSA-6801289 Reactome:R-HSA-6801305 Reactome:R-HSA-6801314 PRO_0000016294 UniProtKB:P20702, 20-1163 hITGAX/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. integrin alpha-X, signal peptide removed form (human) An integrin alpha-X (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P20702, 20-1163. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-202764 Reactome:R-HSA-202764 PR:000048068 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-6801289 PR:000048068 located_in GO:0030667 Reactome:R-HSA-6801305 PR:000048068 located_in GO:0101003 Reactome:R-HSA-6801314 PR:000048068 located_in GO:0070821 PRO_0000016294 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P20702, 20-1163 PRO:DNx hITGAX/SigPep- PRO:DNx A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P35968, 20-1356. Reactome:R-HSA-195382 PRO_0000016771 UniProtKB:P35968, 20-1356 hKDR/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, signal peptide removed form (human) A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P35968, 20-1356. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-195382 Reactome:R-HSA-195382 PR:000048096 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000016771 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P35968, 20-1356 PRO:DNx hKDR/SigPep- PRO:DNx A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P10721, 26-976. Reactome:R-HSA-197662 PRO_0000016754 UniProtKB:P10721, 26-976 hKIT/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit, signal peptide removed form (human) A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P10721, 26-976. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197662 Reactome:R-HSA-197662 PR:000048127 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000016754 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P10721, 26-976 PRO:DNx hKIT/SigPep- PRO:DNx A lactotransferrin (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P02788, 20-710. Reactome:R-HSA-1222567 Reactome:R-HSA-6799629 Reactome:R-HSA-6800962 Reactome:R-HSA-977171 PRO_0000035732 UniProtKB:P02788, 20-710 hLTF/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. lactotransferrin, signal peptide removed form (human) A lactotransferrin (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P02788, 20-710. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-1222567 Reactome:R-HSA-977171 Reactome:R-HSA-1222567 PR:000048272 located_in GO:0097013 Reactome:R-HSA-6799629 PR:000048272 located_in GO:0035580 Reactome:R-HSA-6800962 PR:000048272 located_in GO:1904724 Reactome:R-HSA-977171 PR:000048272 located_in GO:0005576 PRO_0000035732 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P02788, 20-710 PRO:DNx hLTF/SigPep- PRO:DNx A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P13591, 20-858. Reactome:R-HSA-190987 PRO_0000015009 UniProtKB:P13591, 20-858 hNCAM1/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. neural cell adhesion molecule 1, signal peptide removed form (human) A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P13591, 20-858. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-190987 Reactome:R-HSA-190987 PR:000048517 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000015009 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P13591, 20-858 PRO:DNx hNCAM1/SigPep- PRO:DNx A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q03405, 23-335. Reactome:R-HSA-162866 UniProtKB:Q03405, 23-335 hPLAUR/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor, signal peptide removed form (human) A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:Q03405, 23-335. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-162866 Reactome:R-HSA-162866 PR:000048798 located_in GO:0005789 UniProtKB:Q03405, 23-335 PRO:DNx hPLAUR/SigPep- PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P08575, 26-1304. Reactome:R-HSA-197931 Reactome:R-HSA-6806150 PRO_0000025470 UniProtKB:P08575, 26-1304 hPTPRC/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, signal peptide removed form (human) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P08575, 26-1304. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-197931 Reactome:R-HSA-197931 PR:000048962 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-6806150 PR:000048962 located_in GO:0030667 PRO_0000025470 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P08575, 26-1304 PRO:DNx hPTPRC/SigPep- PRO:DNx A syndecan-1 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P18827, 23-310. Reactome:R-HSA-174758 Reactome:R-HSA-2054105 Reactome:R-HSA-2090025 PRO_0000033499 UniProtKB:P18827, 23-310 hSDC1/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. syndecan-1, signal peptide removed form (human) A syndecan-1 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P18827, 23-310. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-174758 Reactome:R-HSA-2054105 Reactome:R-HSA-2090025 Reactome:R-HSA-174758 PR:000049172 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-2054105 PR:000049172 located_in GO:0005796 Reactome:R-HSA-2090025 PR:000049172 located_in GO:0043202 PRO_0000033499 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P18827, 23-310 PRO:DNx hSDC1/SigPep- PRO:DNx A leukosialin (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P16150, 20-400. Reactome:R-HSA-204438 PRO_0000021588 UniProtKB:P16150, 20-400 hSPN/SigPep- Category=organism-modification. leukosialin, signal peptide removed form (human) A leukosialin (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P16150, 20-400. PRO:DNx Reactome:R-HSA-204438 Reactome:R-HSA-204438 PR:000049328 located_in GO:0005886 PRO_0000021588 PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P16150, 20-400 PRO:DNx hSPN/SigPep- PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is a translation product of a transcript that minimally includes the region encoded by the variable exon 4(A). CD45R PTPRC/iso:CD45R Category=seqgroup. Requested by=CL. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45R A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is a translation product of a transcript that minimally includes the region encoded by the variable exon 4(A). GOC:add PRO:ADD PRO:DAN PTPRC/iso:CD45R PRO:DNx A protein that is a translation product of the human GPT or GPT2 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. fam:ALAT Category=family. alanine aminotransferase A protein that is a translation product of the human GPT or GPT2 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. PRO:DAN fam:ALAT PRO:DAN A calcitonin isoform 1 that has had the signal peptide removed. Example: UniProtKB:P01258-1, 26-141. CALCA/iso:1/SigPep- PCT calcitonin isoform 1, signal peptide removed form proCT Category=modification. Requested by=MAxO. procalcitonin A calcitonin isoform 1 that has had the signal peptide removed. Example: UniProtKB:P01258-1, 26-141. PMID:10984072 PRO:DAN CALCA/iso:1/SigPep- PRO:DAN PCT PRO:DAN calcitonin isoform 1, signal peptide removed form PRO:DAN proCT PRO:DAN A procalcitonin in human. UniProtKB:P01258-1, 26-141. PCT (human) UniProtKB:P01258-1, 26-141 calcitonin isoform 1, signal peptide removed form (human) hCALCA/iso:1/SigPep- proCT (human) Category=organism-modification. Requested by=MAxO. procalcitonin (human) A procalcitonin in human. UniProtKB:P01258-1, 26-141. PRO:DAN PCT (human) PRO:DAN UniProtKB:P01258-1, 26-141 PRO:DAN calcitonin isoform 1, signal peptide removed form (human) PRO:DAN hCALCA/iso:1/SigPep- PRO:DAN proCT (human) PRO:DAN A proinsulin that has had the propeptide (C-peptide) excised, leaving the A chain (example: UniProtKB:P01308, 90-110) and B chain (example: UniProtKB:P01308, 25-54) connected by crosslinks. insulin Category=modification. Requested by=MAxO. Note: Though the final product resembles a complex, insulin is produced directly from a single chain without going through an intermediate where the A chain and B chain are free entities. insulin hormone A proinsulin that has had the propeptide (C-peptide) excised, leaving the A chain (example: UniProtKB:P01308, 90-110) and B chain (example: UniProtKB:P01308, 25-54) connected by crosslinks. PRO:DAN insulin PRO:DAN An insulin hormone in human. insulin (human) Category=organism-modification. Requested by=MAxO. insulin hormone (human) An insulin hormone in human. PRO:DAN insulin (human) PRO:DAN An alanine aminotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. fam:hALAT Category=organism-family. Requested by=MAxO. alanine aminotransferase (human) An alanine aminotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DAN fam:hALAT PRO:DAN A protein that is a translation product of any of the following genes in human: GOT1/GOT2. SGOT (human) serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (human) AST (human) fam:hGOT Category=organism-family. Requested by=MAxO. aspartate aminotransferase (human) A protein that is a translation product of any of the following genes in human: GOT1/GOT2. PRO:DAN SGOT (human) Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (human) Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase AST (human) Wikipedia:Aspartate_transaminase fam:hGOT PRO:DAN A protein-containing complex that is the remnant of fibrin mesh degradation (fibrinolysis) by plasmin in human. hFDP/D-dimer Category=organism-complex. Requested by=MAxO. D-dimer (human) A protein-containing complex that is the remnant of fibrin mesh degradation (fibrinolysis) by plasmin in human. PMID:19008457 PRO:DAN Wikipedia:D-dimer hFDP/D-dimer PRO:DAN A molecular entity that minimally consists of a protein. protein protein aggregate protein complex protein-containing complex Note: This includes single proteins and derivatives thereof (PR:000000001), protein-containing complexes (GO:0032991), and protein aggregates (PR:000050565). protein-containing molecular entity A molecular entity that minimally consists of a protein. PRO:DAN protein PRO:DAN protein aggregate PRO:DAN protein complex PRO:DAN protein-containing complex PRO:DAN An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:A1EA95 chick-IL7R Category=organism-gene. interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain (chicken) An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:A1EA95 PRO:DNx chick-IL7R PRO:DNx A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:B0BL87 chick-CD14 Category=organism-gene. CD14 molecule (chicken) A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:CNA chick-CD14 PRO:DNx An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:E1C261 chick-IL5RA IL-5R alpha Category=organism-gene. interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha isoform 2 (chicken) An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:WCB chick-IL5RA PRO:DNx IL-5R alpha UniProtKB:E1C261 A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:E1C9E2 chick-PROM1 Category=organism-gene. uncharacterized protein, PROM1 translation product (chicken) A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:E1C9E2 PRO:CNA chick-PROM1 PRO:DNx A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:F1NXT4 chick-CD8A Category=organism-gene. uncharacterized protein, CD8A translation product (chicken) A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:CNA chick-CD8A PRO:DNx An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:O09100 GATA-binding protein 2 (mouse) mGATA2 Gata2 Category=organism-gene. endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (mouse) An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:O09100 PRO:DNx GATA-binding protein 2 (mouse) UniProtKB:O09100 mGATA2 PRO:DNx Gata2 UniProtKB:O09100 An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-8939012 UniProtKB:O14638 CD203c (human) E-NPP 3 (human) NPP3 (human) PD-Ibeta (human) hENPP3 phosphodiesterase I beta (human) phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3 (human) ENPP3 PDNP3 Category=organism-gene. ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (human) An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:O14638 Reactome:R-HSA-8939012 PR:O14638 located_in GO:0005886 CD203c (human) UniProtKB:O14638 E-NPP 3 (human) UniProtKB:O14638 NPP3 (human) UniProtKB:O14638 PD-Ibeta (human) UniProtKB:O14638 hENPP3 PRO:DNx phosphodiesterase I beta (human) UniProtKB:O14638 phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3 (human) UniProtKB:O14638 ENPP3 UniProtKB:O14638 PDNP3 UniProtKB:O14638 A forkhead box protein N1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:O15353 hFOXN1 winged-helix transcription factor nude (human) FOXN1 RONU WHN Category=organism-gene. forkhead box protein N1 (human) A forkhead box protein N1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:O15353 hFOXN1 PRO:DNx winged-helix transcription factor nude (human) UniProtKB:O15353 FOXN1 UniProtKB:O15353 RONU UniProtKB:O15353 WHN UniProtKB:O15353 A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:O43490 CD133 (human) antigen AC133 (human) hPROM1 prominin-like protein 1 (human) MSTP061 PROM1 PROML1 Category=organism-gene. prominin-1 (human) A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:O43490 CD133 (human) UniProtKB:O43490 antigen AC133 (human) UniProtKB:O43490 hPROM1 PRO:DNx prominin-like protein 1 (human) UniProtKB:O43490 MSTP061 UniProtKB:O43490 PROM1 UniProtKB:O43490 PROML1 UniProtKB:O43490 A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:O54990 CD133 (mouse) antigen AC133 homolog (mouse) mPROM1 prominin-like protein 1 (mouse) Prom Prom1 Proml1 Category=organism-gene. prominin-1 (mouse) A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:O54990 PRO:DNx CD133 (mouse) UniProtKB:O54990 antigen AC133 homolog (mouse) UniProtKB:O54990 mPROM1 PRO:DNx prominin-like protein 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:O54990 Prom UniProtKB:O54990 Prom1 UniProtKB:O54990 Proml1 UniProtKB:O54990 A thyrotropin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:O57340 TSH-B (chicken) TSH-beta (chicken) chick-TSHB thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (chicken) thyrotropin beta chain (chicken) TSHB Category=organism-gene. thyrotropin subunit beta (chicken) A thyrotropin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:O57340 PRO:DNx TSH-B (chicken) UniProtKB:O57340 TSH-beta (chicken) UniProtKB:O57340 chick-TSHB PRO:DNx thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (chicken) UniProtKB:O57340 thyrotropin beta chain (chicken) UniProtKB:O57340 TSHB UniProtKB:O57340 An aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P00504 cAspAT (chicken) cCAT (chicken) chick-GOT1 cysteine aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (chicken) cysteine transaminase, cytoplasmic (chicken) glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (chicken) GOT1 transaminase A (chicken) Category=organism-gene. aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (chicken) An aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:P00504 PRO:DNx cAspAT (chicken) UniProtKB:P00504 cCAT (chicken) UniProtKB:P00504 chick-GOT1 PRO:DNx cysteine aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (chicken) UniProtKB:P00504 cysteine transaminase, cytoplasmic (chicken) UniProtKB:P00504 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P00504 GOT1 UniProtKB:P00504 transaminase A (chicken) UniProtKB:P00504 An aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. transaminase A (human) UniProtKB:P00505 FABP-1 (human) FABPpm (human) fatty acid-binding protein (human) glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (human) hGOT2 kynurenine aminotransferase 4 (human) kynurenine aminotransferase IV (human) kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4 (human) kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV (human) mAspAT (human) plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (human) GOT2 KYAT4 Category=organism-gene. aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial (human) An aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P00505 transaminase A (human) UniProtKB:P00505 FABP-1 (human) UniProtKB:P00505 FABPpm (human) UniProtKB:P00505 fatty acid-binding protein (human) UniProtKB:P00505 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (human) UniProtKB:P00505 hGOT2 PRO:DNx kynurenine aminotransferase 4 (human) UniProtKB:P00505 kynurenine aminotransferase IV (human) UniProtKB:P00505 kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4 (human) UniProtKB:P00505 kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV (human) UniProtKB:P00505 mAspAT (human) UniProtKB:P00505 plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (human) UniProtKB:P00505 GOT2 UniProtKB:P00505 KYAT4 UniProtKB:P00505 An aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P00508 chick-GOT2 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (chicken) kynurenine aminotransferase 4 (chicken) kynurenine aminotransferase IV (chicken) kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4 (chicken) kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV (chicken) mAspAT (chicken) GOT2 transaminase A (chicken) Category=organism-gene. aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial (chicken) An aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:P00508 PRO:DNx chick-GOT2 PRO:DNx glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (chicken) UniProtKB:P00508 kynurenine aminotransferase 4 (chicken) UniProtKB:P00508 kynurenine aminotransferase IV (chicken) UniProtKB:P00508 kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4 (chicken) UniProtKB:P00508 kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV (chicken) UniProtKB:P00508 mAspAT (chicken) UniProtKB:P00508 GOT2 UniProtKB:P00508 transaminase A (chicken) UniProtKB:P00508 A haptoglobin that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P00738 hHP zonulin (human) HP Category=organism-gene. haptoglobin (human) A haptoglobin that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P00738 hHP PRO:DNx zonulin (human) UniProtKB:P00738 HP UniProtKB:P00738 A glycoprotein hormones alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P01215 CG-alpha (human) FSH-alpha (human) LSH-alpha (human) TSH-alpha (human) anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha (human) choriogonadotropin alpha chain (human) chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha (human) follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain (human) follitropin alpha chain (human) hCGA luteinizing hormone alpha chain (human) lutropin alpha chain (human) thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain (human) thyrotropin alpha chain (human) CGA Category=organism-gene. glycoprotein hormones alpha chain (human) A glycoprotein hormones alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P01215 CG-alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01215 FSH-alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01215 LSH-alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01215 TSH-alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01215 anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01215 choriogonadotropin alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P01215 chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01215 follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P01215 follitropin alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P01215 hCGA PRO:DNx luteinizing hormone alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P01215 lutropin alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P01215 thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P01215 thyrotropin alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P01215 CGA UniProtKB:P01215 A glycoprotein hormones alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P01216 FSH-alpha (mouse) LSH-alpha (mouse) TSH-alpha (mouse) anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha (mouse) follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain (mouse) follitropin alpha chain (mouse) luteinizing hormone alpha chain (mouse) lutropin alpha chain (mouse) mCGA thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain (mouse) thyrotropin alpha chain (mouse) Cga Category=organism-gene. glycoprotein hormones alpha chain (mouse) A glycoprotein hormones alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P01216 PRO:DNx FSH-alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 LSH-alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 TSH-alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 follitropin alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 luteinizing hormone alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 lutropin alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 mCGA PRO:DNx thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 thyrotropin alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P01216 Cga UniProtKB:P01216 A thyrotropin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P01222 TSH-B (human) TSH-beta (human) hTSHB thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (human) thyrotropin alfa (human) thyrotropin beta chain (human) TSHB Category=organism-gene. thyrotropin subunit beta (human) A thyrotropin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P01222 TSH-B (human) UniProtKB:P01222 TSH-beta (human) UniProtKB:P01222 hTSHB PRO:DNx thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (human) UniProtKB:P01222 thyrotropin alfa (human) UniProtKB:P01222 thyrotropin beta chain (human) UniProtKB:P01222 TSHB UniProtKB:P01222 A calcitonin (human), isoforms 1 and 2. UniProtKB:P01258 hCALCA/iso:[1/h2] Category=organism-seqgroup. calcitonin isoforms 1/2 (human) A calcitonin (human), isoforms 1 and 2. PRO:DAN UniProtKB:P01258 hCALCA/iso:[1/h2] PRO:DAN A calcitonin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P01258-1 hCALCA/iso:1 Category=organism-sequence. calcitonin isoform 1 (human) A calcitonin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DAN hCALCA/iso:1 PRO:DNx A CALCA gene translation product (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P01258-2. UniProtKB:P01258-2 hCALCA/iso:h2 Category=organism-sequence. calcitonin isoform h2 (human) A CALCA gene translation product (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P01258-2. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P01258 hCALCA/iso:h2 PRO:DNx An insulin gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P01308 hINS Category=organism-gene. insulin gene translation product (human) An insulin gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DAN UniProtKB:P01308 hINS PRO:DNx An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. p55 (human) UniProtKB:P01589 CD25 (human) IL-2 receptor subunit alpha (human) IL-2-RA (human) IL-2R subunit alpha (human) IL2-RA (human) TAC antigen (human) hIL2RA IL2RA Category=organism-gene. interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (human) An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P01589 p55 (human) UniProtKB:P01589 CD25 (human) UniProtKB:P01589 IL-2 receptor subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01589 IL-2-RA (human) UniProtKB:P01589 IL-2R subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P01589 IL2-RA (human) UniProtKB:P01589 TAC antigen (human) UniProtKB:P01589 hIL2RA PRO:DNx IL2RA UniProtKB:P01589 An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. p55 (mouse) UniProtKB:P01590 CD25 (mouse) IL-2 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) IL-2-RA (mouse) IL-2R subunit alpha (mouse) IL2-RA (mouse) mIL2RA Il2r Il2ra Category=organism-gene. interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) An interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P01590 PRO:DNx p55 (mouse) UniProtKB:P01590 CD25 (mouse) UniProtKB:P01590 IL-2 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P01590 IL-2-RA (mouse) UniProtKB:P01590 IL-2R subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P01590 IL2-RA (mouse) UniProtKB:P01590 mIL2RA PRO:DNx Il2r UniProtKB:P01590 Il2ra UniProtKB:P01590 A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P01730 T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (human) hCD4 CD4 Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (human) A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P01730 T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (human) UniProtKB:P01730 hCD4 PRO:DNx CD4 UniProtKB:P01730 A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P01731 CD8a (mouse) T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-2 (mouse) mCD8A Cd8a Lyt-2 Lyt2 Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain (mouse) A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P01731 PRO:DNx CD8a (mouse) UniProtKB:P01731 T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P01731 mCD8A PRO:DNx Cd8a UniProtKB:P01731 Lyt-2 UniProtKB:P01731 Lyt2 UniProtKB:P01731 A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P01732 CD8a (human) T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen T8/Leu-2 (human) hCD8A CD8A MAL Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain (human) A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P01732 CD8a (human) UniProtKB:P01732 T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen T8/Leu-2 (human) UniProtKB:P01732 hCD8A PRO:DNx CD8A UniProtKB:P01732 MAL UniProtKB:P01732 A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P01831 CD90 (mouse) Thy-1 antigen (mouse) mTHY1 Thy-1 Thy1 Category=organism-gene. Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein (mouse) A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P01831 PRO:DNx CD90 (mouse) UniProtKB:P01831 Thy-1 antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P01831 mTHY1 PRO:DNx Thy-1 UniProtKB:P01831 Thy1 UniProtKB:P01831 An albumin that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P02768 hALB serum albumin (human) ALB GIG20 GIG42 PRO0903 PRO1708 PRO2044 PRO2619 PRO2675 UNQ696/PRO1341 Category=organism-gene. albumin (human) An albumin that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P02768 hALB PRO:DNx serum albumin (human) UniProtKB:P02768 ALB UniProtKB:P02768 GIG20 UniProtKB:P02768 GIG42 UniProtKB:P02768 PRO0903 UniProtKB:P02768 PRO1708 UniProtKB:P02768 PRO2044 UniProtKB:P02768 PRO2619 UniProtKB:P02768 PRO2675 UniProtKB:P02768 UNQ696/PRO1341 UniProtKB:P02768 An alpha-fetoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P02771 alpha-1-fetoprotein (human) alpha-fetoglobulin (human) hAFP AFP HPAFP Category=organism-gene. alpha-fetoprotein (human) An alpha-fetoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P02771 alpha-1-fetoprotein (human) UniProtKB:P02771 alpha-fetoglobulin (human) UniProtKB:P02771 hAFP PRO:DNx AFP UniProtKB:P02771 HPAFP UniProtKB:P02771 An alpha-fetoprotein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P02772 alpha-1-fetoprotein (mouse) alpha-fetoglobulin (mouse) mAFP Afp Category=organism-gene. alpha-fetoprotein (mouse) An alpha-fetoprotein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P02772 PRO:DNx alpha-1-fetoprotein (mouse) UniProtKB:P02772 alpha-fetoglobulin (mouse) UniProtKB:P02772 mAFP PRO:DNx Afp UniProtKB:P02772 A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. TR (human) p90 (human) Reactome:R-HSA-434196 Reactome:R-HSA-434330 Reactome:R-HSA-8869124 Reactome:R-HSA-8961829 Reactome:R-HSA-917983 UniProtKB:P02786 CD71 (human) T9 (human) TfR (human) TfR1 (human) Trfr (human) hTFRC TFRC Category=organism-gene. transferrin receptor protein 1 (human) A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P02786 TR (human) UniProtKB:P02786 p90 (human) UniProtKB:P02786 Reactome:R-HSA-434196 PR:P02786 located_in GO:0030659 Reactome:R-HSA-434330 PR:P02786 located_in GO:0000139 Reactome:R-HSA-8869124 PR:P02786 located_in GO:0030665 Reactome:R-HSA-8961829 PR:P02786 located_in GO:0010008 Reactome:R-HSA-917983 PR:P02786 located_in GO:0005886 CD71 (human) UniProtKB:P02786 T9 (human) UniProtKB:P02786 TfR (human) UniProtKB:P02786 TfR1 (human) UniProtKB:P02786 Trfr (human) UniProtKB:P02786 hTFRC PRO:DNx TFRC UniProtKB:P02786 A lactotransferrin that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P02788 growth-inhibiting protein 12 (human) hLTF lactoferrin (human) talalactoferrin (human) GIG12 LF LTF Category=organism-gene. lactotransferrin (human) A lactotransferrin that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P02788 growth-inhibiting protein 12 (human) UniProtKB:P02788 hLTF PRO:DNx lactoferrin (human) UniProtKB:P02788 talalactoferrin (human) UniProtKB:P02788 GIG12 UniProtKB:P02788 LF UniProtKB:P02788 LTF UniProtKB:P02788 A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. terminal transferase (human) UniProtKB:P04053 hDNTT terminal addition enzyme (human) terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (human) DNTT TDT Category=organism-gene. DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (human) A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P04053 terminal transferase (human) UniProtKB:P04053 hDNTT PRO:DNx terminal addition enzyme (human) UniProtKB:P04053 terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (human) UniProtKB:P04053 DNTT UniProtKB:P04053 TDT UniProtKB:P04053 A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P04216 CD90 (human) CDw90 (human) Thy-1 antigen (human) hTHY1 THY1 Category=organism-gene. Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein (human) A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P04216 CD90 (human) UniProtKB:P04216 CDw90 (human) UniProtKB:P04216 Thy-1 antigen (human) UniProtKB:P04216 hTHY1 PRO:DNx THY1 UniProtKB:P04216 An aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P05201 cAspAT (mouse) cCAT (mouse) cysteine aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (mouse) cysteine transaminase, cytoplasmic (mouse) glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (mouse) mGOT1 Got1 transaminase A (mouse) Category=organism-gene. aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (mouse) An aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P05201 PRO:DNx cAspAT (mouse) UniProtKB:P05201 cCAT (mouse) UniProtKB:P05201 cysteine aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (mouse) UniProtKB:P05201 cysteine transaminase, cytoplasmic (mouse) UniProtKB:P05201 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05201 mGOT1 PRO:DNx Got1 UniProtKB:P05201 transaminase A (mouse) UniProtKB:P05201 An aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P05202 FABP-1 (mouse) FABPpm (mouse) fatty acid-binding protein (mouse) glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (mouse) kynurenine aminotransferase 4 (mouse) kynurenine aminotransferase IV (mouse) kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4 (mouse) kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV (mouse) mAspAT (mouse) mGOT2 plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (mouse) Got-2 Got2 transaminase A (mouse) Category=organism-gene. aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial (mouse) An aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P05202 PRO:DNx FABP-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 FABPpm (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 fatty acid-binding protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 kynurenine aminotransferase 4 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 kynurenine aminotransferase IV (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 mAspAT (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 mGOT2 PRO:DNx plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 Got-2 UniProtKB:P05202 Got2 UniProtKB:P05202 transaminase A (mouse) UniProtKB:P05202 A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P05532 CD117 (mouse) SCFR (mouse) mKIT proto-oncogene c-Kit (mouse) tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (mouse) Kit Sl Category=organism-gene. mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (mouse) A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:MOUSE17014 PRO:DNx CD117 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05532 SCFR (mouse) UniProtKB:P05532 mKIT PRO:DNx proto-oncogene c-Kit (mouse) UniProtKB:P05532 tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (mouse) UniProtKB:P05532 Kit UniProtKB:P05532 Sl UniProtKB:P05532 A lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. TAP (mouse) UniProtKB:P05533 Ly-6A.2/Ly-6E.1 (mouse) SCA-1 (mouse) Stem cell antigen 1 (mouse) T-cell-activating protein (mouse) mLy6a Ly6 Ly6a Category=organism-gene. lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1 (mouse) A lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P05533 TAP (mouse) UniProtKB:P05533 Ly-6A.2/Ly-6E.1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05533 SCA-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05533 Stem cell antigen 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05533 T-cell-activating protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P05533 mLy6a PRO:DNx Ly6 UniProtKB:P05533 Ly6a UniProtKB:P05533 An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P05555 CD11 antigen-like family member B (mouse) CD11b (mouse) CR-3 alpha chain (mouse) cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (mouse) leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (mouse) mITGAM Itgam Category=organism-gene. integrin alpha-M (mouse) An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P05555 CD11 antigen-like family member B (mouse) UniProtKB:P05555 CD11b (mouse) UniProtKB:P05555 CR-3 alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P05555 cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P05555 leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P05555 mITGAM PRO:DNx Itgam UniProtKB:P05555 A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P06127 hCD5 lymphocyte antigen T1/Leu-1 (human) CD5 LEU1 Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 (human) A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P06127 hCD5 PRO:DNx lymphocyte antigen T1/Leu-1 (human) UniProtKB:P06127 CD5 UniProtKB:P06127 LEU1 UniProtKB:P06127 A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P06332 CD4 (mouse) T-cell differentiation antigen L3T4 (mouse) T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (mouse) mCD4 Cd4 Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (mouse) A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P06332 PRO:DNx CD4 (mouse) UniProtKB:P06332 T-cell differentiation antigen L3T4 (mouse) UniProtKB:P06332 T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (mouse) UniProtKB:P06332 mCD4 PRO:DNx Cd4 UniProtKB:P06332 A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P06729 LFA-2 (human) LFA-3 receptor (human) T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (human) erythrocyte receptor (human) hCD2 rosette receptor (human) CD2 SRBC Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface antigen CD2 (human) A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P06729 LFA-2 (human) UniProtKB:P06729 LFA-3 receptor (human) UniProtKB:P06729 T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (human) UniProtKB:P06729 erythrocyte receptor (human) UniProtKB:P06729 hCD2 PRO:DNx rosette receptor (human) UniProtKB:P06729 CD2 UniProtKB:P06729 SRBC UniProtKB:P06729 A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P06800 CD45 (mouse) L-CA (mouse) T200 (mouse) leukocyte common antigen (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 5 (mouse) mPTPRC Ly-5 Ptprc Category=organism-gene. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (mouse) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P06800 PRO:DNx CD45 (mouse) UniProtKB:P06800 L-CA (mouse) UniProtKB:P06800 T200 (mouse) UniProtKB:P06800 leukocyte common antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P06800 lymphocyte antigen 5 (mouse) UniProtKB:P06800 mPTPRC PRO:DNx Ly-5 UniProtKB:P06800 Ptprc UniProtKB:P06800 A calcitonin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P07660-1 chick-CALCA/iso:1 Category=organism-sequence. calcitonin isoform 1 (chicken) A calcitonin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:DAN chick-CALCA/iso:1 PRO:DAN An albumin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P07724 mALB serum albumin (mouse) Alb Alb-1 Alb1 Category=organism-gene. albumin (mouse) An albumin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P07724 PRO:DNx mALB PRO:DNx serum albumin (mouse) UniProtKB:P07724 Alb UniProtKB:P07724 Alb-1 UniProtKB:P07724 Alb1 UniProtKB:P07724 A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P07766 CD3e (human) T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (human) hCD3E CD3E T3E Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (human) A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P07766 CD3e (human) UniProtKB:P07766 T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (human) UniProtKB:P07766 hCD3E PRO:DNx CD3E UniProtKB:P07766 T3E UniProtKB:P07766 A lactotransferrin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P08071 lactoferrin (mouse) mLTF Ltf Category=organism-gene. lactotransferrin (mouse) A lactotransferrin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P08071 PRO:DNx lactoferrin (mouse) UniProtKB:P08071 mLTF PRO:DNx Ltf UniProtKB:P08071 A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P08101 CD32 (mouse) Fc gamma receptor IIB (mouse) Fc-gamma RII (mouse) Fc-gamma-RIIB (mouse) FcRII (mouse) IgG Fc receptor II beta (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 17 (mouse) mFcgr2 Fcgr2 Fcgr2b Ly-17 Category=organism-gene. low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II (mouse) A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P08101 CD32 (mouse) UniProtKB:P08101 Fc gamma receptor IIB (mouse) UniProtKB:P08101 Fc-gamma RII (mouse) UniProtKB:P08101 Fc-gamma-RIIB (mouse) UniProtKB:P08101 FcRII (mouse) UniProtKB:P08101 IgG Fc receptor II beta (mouse) UniProtKB:P08101 lymphocyte antigen 17 (mouse) UniProtKB:P08101 mFcgr2 PRO:DNx Fcgr2 UniProtKB:P08101 Fcgr2b UniProtKB:P08101 Ly-17 UniProtKB:P08101 A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P08473 CALLA (human) CD10 (human) NEP (human) SFE (human) atriopeptidase (human) common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen (human) enkephalinase (human) hMME neutral endopeptidase (human) neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (human) skin fibroblast elastase (human) EPN MME Category=organism-gene. neprilysin (human) A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P08473 CALLA (human) UniProtKB:P08473 CD10 (human) UniProtKB:P08473 NEP (human) UniProtKB:P08473 SFE (human) UniProtKB:P08473 atriopeptidase (human) UniProtKB:P08473 common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen (human) UniProtKB:P08473 enkephalinase (human) UniProtKB:P08473 hMME PRO:DNx neutral endopeptidase (human) UniProtKB:P08473 neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (human) UniProtKB:P08473 skin fibroblast elastase (human) UniProtKB:P08473 EPN UniProtKB:P08473 MME UniProtKB:P08473 A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P08508 CD16 (mouse) Fc-gamma RIII (mouse) FcRIII (mouse) IgG Fc receptor III (mouse) mFcgr3 Fcgr3 Category=organism-gene. low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III (mouse) A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P08508 CD16 (mouse) UniProtKB:P08508 Fc-gamma RIII (mouse) UniProtKB:P08508 FcRIII (mouse) UniProtKB:P08508 IgG Fc receptor III (mouse) UniProtKB:P08508 mFcgr3 PRO:DNx Fcgr3 UniProtKB:P08508 An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P08514 CD41 (human) GPIIb (human) GPalpha IIb (human) hITGA2B platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (human) GP2B ITGA2B ITGAB Category=organism-gene. integrin alpha-IIb (human) An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P08514 CD41 (human) UniProtKB:P08514 GPIIb (human) UniProtKB:P08514 GPalpha IIb (human) UniProtKB:P08514 hITGA2B PRO:DNx platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (human) UniProtKB:P08514 GP2B UniProtKB:P08514 ITGA2B UniProtKB:P08514 ITGAB UniProtKB:P08514 A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P08571 hCD14 myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (human) CD14 Category=organism-gene. monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (human) A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P08571 hCD14 PRO:DNx myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (human) UniProtKB:P08571 CD14 UniProtKB:P08571 A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P08575 L-CA (human) T200 (human) hPTPRC leukocyte common antigen (human) CD45 PTPRC Category=organism-gene. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (human) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P08575 L-CA (human) UniProtKB:P08575 T200 (human) UniProtKB:P08575 hPTPRC PRO:DNx leukocyte common antigen (human) UniProtKB:P08575 CD45 UniProtKB:P08575 PTPRC UniProtKB:P08575 A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RABC that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P08575-3 hPTPRC/iso:CD45RABC Category=organism-sequence. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RABC (human) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RABC that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DAN hPTPRC/iso:CD45RABC PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P08575-8 CD45RA (human) hPTPRC/iso:CD45RA Category=organism-sequence. Requested by=CL. receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA (human) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA that is encoded in the genome of human. GOC:add PRO:ADD PRO:DAN hPTPRC/iso:CD45RA PRO:DNx A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P08920 CD2 (mouse) LFA-2 (mouse) LFA-3 receptor (mouse) T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 37 (mouse) mCD2 Cd2 Ly-37 Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface antigen CD2 (mouse) A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P08920 PRO:DNx CD2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P08920 LFA-2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P08920 LFA-3 receptor (mouse) UniProtKB:P08920 T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5 (mouse) UniProtKB:P08920 lymphocyte antigen 37 (mouse) UniProtKB:P08920 mCD2 PRO:DNx Cd2 UniProtKB:P08920 Ly-37 UniProtKB:P08920 A CD48 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P09326 B-lymphocyte activation marker BLAST-1 (human) BCM1 surface antigen (human) SLAM family member 2 (human) SLAMF2 (human) TCT.1 (human) hCD48 leukocyte antigen MEM-102 (human) signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 (human) BCM1 BLAST1 CD48 Category=organism-gene. CD48 antigen (human) A CD48 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P09326 B-lymphocyte activation marker BLAST-1 (human) UniProtKB:P09326 BCM1 surface antigen (human) UniProtKB:P09326 SLAM family member 2 (human) UniProtKB:P09326 SLAMF2 (human) UniProtKB:P09326 TCT.1 (human) UniProtKB:P09326 hCD48 PRO:DNx leukocyte antigen MEM-102 (human) UniProtKB:P09326 signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 (human) UniProtKB:P09326 BCM1 UniProtKB:P09326 BLAST1 UniProtKB:P09326 CD48 UniProtKB:P09326 A CD7 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P09564 GP40 (human) T-cell leukemia antigen (human) T-cell surface antigen Leu-9 (human) TP41 (human) hCD7 CD7 Category=organism-gene. T-cell antigen CD7 (human) A CD7 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P09564 GP40 (human) UniProtKB:P09564 T-cell leukemia antigen (human) UniProtKB:P09564 T-cell surface antigen Leu-9 (human) UniProtKB:P09564 TP41 (human) UniProtKB:P09564 hCD7 PRO:DNx CD7 UniProtKB:P09564 A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P09838 TDT (mouse) mDNTT terminal addition enzyme (mouse) terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (mouse) Dntt Tdt terminal transferase (mouse) Category=organism-gene. DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (mouse) A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P09838 PRO:DNx TDT (mouse) UniProtKB:P09838 mDNTT PRO:DNx terminal addition enzyme (mouse) UniProtKB:P09838 terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (mouse) UniProtKB:P09838 Dntt UniProtKB:P09838 Tdt UniProtKB:P09838 terminal transferase (mouse) UniProtKB:P09838 A lymphocyte antigen 6C2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P0CW03 Ly-6C2 (mouse) mLy6c2 Ly6c Ly6c2 Category=organism-gene. lymphocyte antigen 6C2 (mouse) A lymphocyte antigen 6C2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P0CW03 Ly-6C2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P0CW03 mLy6c2 PRO:DNx Ly6c UniProtKB:P0CW03 Ly6c2 UniProtKB:P0CW03 A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. DTO:03100231 UniProtKB:P10721 CD117 (human) PBT (human) hKIT p145 c-kit (human) piebald trait protein (human) proto-oncogene c-Kit (human) tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (human) v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (human) KIT SCFR Category=organism-gene. mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (human) A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P10721 CD117 (human) UniProtKB:P10721 PBT (human) UniProtKB:P10721 hKIT PRO:DNx p145 c-kit (human) UniProtKB:P10721 piebald trait protein (human) UniProtKB:P10721 proto-oncogene c-Kit (human) UniProtKB:P10721 tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (human) UniProtKB:P10721 v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (human) UniProtKB:P10721 KIT UniProtKB:P10721 SCFR UniProtKB:P10721 A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P10810 CD14 (mouse) mCD14 myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (mouse) Cd14 Category=organism-gene. monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (mouse) A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P10810 PRO:WCB CD14 (mouse) UniProtKB:P10810 mCD14 PRO:DNx myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein (mouse) UniProtKB:P10810 Cd14 UniProtKB:P10810 An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P11215 CD11 antigen-like family member B (human) CR-3 alpha chain (human) cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (human) hITGAM leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (human) neutrophil adherence receptor (human) CD11B CR3A ITGAM Category=organism-gene. integrin alpha-M (human) An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P11215 CD11 antigen-like family member B (human) UniProtKB:P11215 CR-3 alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P11215 cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P11215 hITGAM PRO:DNx leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1 (human) UniProtKB:P11215 neutrophil adherence receptor (human) UniProtKB:P11215 CD11B UniProtKB:P11215 CR3A UniProtKB:P11215 ITGAM UniProtKB:P11215 A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P11836 B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1 (human) Bp35 (human) hMS4A1 leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16 (human) membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (human) CD20 MS4A1 Category=organism-gene. B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 (human) A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P11836 B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1 (human) UniProtKB:P11836 Bp35 (human) UniProtKB:P11836 hMS4A1 PRO:DNx leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16 (human) UniProtKB:P11836 membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (human) UniProtKB:P11836 CD20 UniProtKB:P11836 MS4A1 UniProtKB:P11836 A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. FcERI (human) UniProtKB:P12319 Fc-epsilon RI-alpha (human) IgE Fc receptor subunit alpha (human) hFCER1A FCE1A FCER1A Category=organism-gene. high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha (human) A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P12319 FcERI (human) UniProtKB:P12319 Fc-epsilon RI-alpha (human) UniProtKB:P12319 IgE Fc receptor subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P12319 hFCER1A PRO:DNx FCE1A UniProtKB:P12319 FCER1A UniProtKB:P12319 A thyrotropin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P12656 TSH-B (mouse) TSH-beta (mouse) mTSHB thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (mouse) thyrotropin beta chain (mouse) Tshb Category=organism-gene. thyrotropin subunit beta (mouse) A thyrotropin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P12656 PRO:DNx TSH-B (mouse) UniProtKB:P12656 TSH-beta (mouse) UniProtKB:P12656 mTSHB PRO:DNx thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (mouse) UniProtKB:P12656 thyrotropin beta chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P12656 Tshb UniProtKB:P12656 A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P13379 CD5 (mouse) Lyt-1 (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 1 (mouse) mCD5 Cd5 Ly-1 Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 (mouse) A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P13379 PRO:DNx CD5 (mouse) UniProtKB:P13379 Lyt-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P13379 lymphocyte antigen 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P13379 mCD5 PRO:DNx Cd5 UniProtKB:P13379 Ly-1 UniProtKB:P13379 A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P13590 N-CAM-1 (chicken) NCAM-1 (chicken) chick-NCAM1 NCAM1 Category=organism-gene. neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (chicken) A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:P13590 PRO:CNA N-CAM-1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P13590 NCAM-1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P13590 chick-NCAM1 PRO:DNx NCAM1 UniProtKB:P13590 A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P13591 CD56 (human) N-CAM-1 (human) NCAM-1 (human) hNCAM1 NCAM NCAM1 Category=organism-gene. neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (human) A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P13591 CD56 (human) UniProtKB:P13591 N-CAM-1 (human) UniProtKB:P13591 NCAM-1 (human) UniProtKB:P13591 hNCAM1 PRO:DNx NCAM UniProtKB:P13591 NCAM1 UniProtKB:P13591 A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P13595 CD56 (mouse) N-CAM-1 (mouse) NCAM-1 (mouse) mNCAM1 Ncam Ncam1 Category=organism-gene. neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (mouse) A neural cell adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P13595 PRO:DNx CD56 (mouse) UniProtKB:P13595 N-CAM-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P13595 NCAM-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P13595 mNCAM1 PRO:DNx Ncam UniProtKB:P13595 Ncam1 UniProtKB:P13595 An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. p75 (human) UniProtKB:P14784 CD122 (human) IL-2 receptor subunit beta (human) IL-2R subunit beta (human) IL-2RB (human) hIL2RB high affinity IL-2 receptor subunit beta (human) interleukin-15 receptor subunit beta (human) p70-75 (human) IL15RB IL2RB Category=organism-gene. interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta (human) An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P14784 p75 (human) UniProtKB:P14784 CD122 (human) UniProtKB:P14784 IL-2 receptor subunit beta (human) UniProtKB:P14784 IL-2R subunit beta (human) UniProtKB:P14784 IL-2RB (human) UniProtKB:P14784 hIL2RB PRO:DNx high affinity IL-2 receptor subunit beta (human) UniProtKB:P14784 interleukin-15 receptor subunit beta (human) UniProtKB:P14784 p70-75 (human) UniProtKB:P14784 IL15RB UniProtKB:P14784 IL2RB UniProtKB:P14784 A CD44 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P15379 CD44 (mouse) ECMR-III (mouse) GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor (mouse) HUTCH-I (mouse) PGP-1 (mouse) PGP-I (mouse) extracellular matrix receptor III (mouse) hermes antigen (mouse) hyaluronate receptor (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 24 (mouse) mCD44 phagocytic glycoprotein 1 (mouse) phagocytic glycoprotein I (mouse) Cd44 Ly-24 Category=organism-gene. CD44 antigen (mouse) A CD44 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P15379 PRO:WCB CD44 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 ECMR-III (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 HUTCH-I (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 PGP-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 PGP-I (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 extracellular matrix receptor III (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 hermes antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 hyaluronate receptor (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 lymphocyte antigen 24 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 mCD44 PRO:DNx phagocytic glycoprotein 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 phagocytic glycoprotein I (mouse) UniProtKB:P15379 Cd44 UniProtKB:P15379 Ly-24 UniProtKB:P15379 A CD19 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P15391 B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4 (human) T-cell surface antigen Leu-12 (human) differentiation antigen CD19 (human) hCD19 CD19 Category=organism-gene. B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (human) B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4 (human) UniProtKB:P15391 T-cell surface antigen Leu-12 (human) UniProtKB:P15391 differentiation antigen CD19 (human) UniProtKB:P15391 hCD19 PRO:DNx CD19 UniProtKB:P15391 A leukosialin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P15702 B-cell differentiation antigen LP-3 (mouse) CD43 (mouse) Ly-48 (mouse) leukocyte sialoglycoprotein (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 48 (mouse) mSPN sialophorin (mouse) Spn Category=organism-gene. leukosialin (mouse) A leukosialin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P15702 PRO:DNx B-cell differentiation antigen LP-3 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15702 CD43 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15702 Ly-48 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15702 leukocyte sialoglycoprotein (mouse) UniProtKB:P15702 lymphocyte antigen 48 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15702 mSPN PRO:DNx sialophorin (mouse) UniProtKB:P15702 Spn UniProtKB:P15702 A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-5692681 UniProtKB:P15918 RAG-1 (human) RING finger protein 74 (human) hRAG1 RAG1 RNF74 Category=organism-gene. V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 (human) A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P15918 Reactome:R-HSA-5692681 PR:P15918 located_in GO:0005654 RAG-1 (human) UniProtKB:P15918 RING finger protein 74 (human) UniProtKB:P15918 hRAG1 PRO:DNx RAG1 UniProtKB:P15918 RNF74 UniProtKB:P15918 A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P15919 RAG-1 (mouse) mRAG1 Rag1 Category=organism-gene. V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 (mouse) A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P15919 PRO:DNx RAG-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P15919 mRAG1 PRO:DNx Rag1 UniProtKB:P15919 An erythroid transcription factor that is encoded in the genome of human. GF-1 (human) Reactome:R-HSA-996772 UniProtKB:P15976 GATA-1 (human) GATA-binding factor 1 (human) NF-E1 DNA-binding protein (human) hGATA1 ERYF1 GATA1 GF1 Category=organism-gene. erythroid transcription factor (human) An erythroid transcription factor that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P15976 GF-1 (human) UniProtKB:P15976 Reactome:R-HSA-996772 PR:P15976 located_in GO:0005654 GATA-1 (human) UniProtKB:P15976 GATA-binding factor 1 (human) UniProtKB:P15976 NF-E1 DNA-binding protein (human) UniProtKB:P15976 hGATA1 PRO:DNx ERYF1 UniProtKB:P15976 GATA1 UniProtKB:P15976 GF1 UniProtKB:P15976 A CD44 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PGP-I (human) UniProtKB:P16070 CDw44 (human) ECMR-III (human) GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor (human) HUTCH-I (human) PGP-1 (human) epican (human) extracellular matrix receptor III (human) hCD44 heparan sulfate proteoglycan (human) hermes antigen (human) hyaluronate receptor (human) phagocytic glycoprotein 1 (human) phagocytic glycoprotein I (human) CD44 LHR MDU2 MDU3 MIC4 Category=organism-gene. CD44 antigen (human) A CD44 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P16070 PGP-I (human) UniProtKB:P16070 CDw44 (human) UniProtKB:P16070 ECMR-III (human) UniProtKB:P16070 GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor (human) UniProtKB:P16070 HUTCH-I (human) UniProtKB:P16070 PGP-1 (human) UniProtKB:P16070 epican (human) UniProtKB:P16070 extracellular matrix receptor III (human) UniProtKB:P16070 hCD44 PRO:DNx heparan sulfate proteoglycan (human) UniProtKB:P16070 hermes antigen (human) UniProtKB:P16070 hyaluronate receptor (human) UniProtKB:P16070 phagocytic glycoprotein 1 (human) UniProtKB:P16070 phagocytic glycoprotein I (human) UniProtKB:P16070 CD44 UniProtKB:P16070 LHR UniProtKB:P16070 MDU2 UniProtKB:P16070 MDU3 UniProtKB:P16070 MIC4 UniProtKB:P16070 A leukosialin that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P16150 GALGP (human) GPL115 (human) galactoglycoprotein (human) hSPN leukocyte sialoglycoprotein (human) sialophorin (human) CD43 SPN Category=organism-gene. leukosialin (human) A leukosialin that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P16150 GALGP (human) UniProtKB:P16150 GPL115 (human) UniProtKB:P16150 galactoglycoprotein (human) UniProtKB:P16150 hSPN PRO:DNx leukocyte sialoglycoprotein (human) UniProtKB:P16150 sialophorin (human) UniProtKB:P16150 CD43 UniProtKB:P16150 SPN UniProtKB:P16150 An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P16297 CD122 (mouse) IL-2 receptor subunit beta (mouse) IL-2R subunit beta (mouse) IL-2RB (mouse) high affinity IL-2 receptor subunit beta (mouse) mIL2RB p70-75 (mouse) Il2rb Category=organism-gene. interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta (mouse) An interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P16297 PRO:DNx CD122 (mouse) UniProtKB:P16297 IL-2 receptor subunit beta (mouse) UniProtKB:P16297 IL-2R subunit beta (mouse) UniProtKB:P16297 IL-2RB (mouse) UniProtKB:P16297 high affinity IL-2 receptor subunit beta (mouse) UniProtKB:P16297 mIL2RB PRO:DNx p70-75 (mouse) UniProtKB:P16297 Il2rb UniProtKB:P16297 An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P16871 CD127 (human) CDw127 (human) IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) IL-7R subunit alpha (human) IL-7R-alpha (human) IL-7RA (human) hIL7R IL7R Category=organism-gene. interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P16871 CD127 (human) UniProtKB:P16871 CDw127 (human) UniProtKB:P16871 IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P16871 IL-7R subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P16871 IL-7R-alpha (human) UniProtKB:P16871 IL-7RA (human) UniProtKB:P16871 hIL7R PRO:DNx IL7R UniProtKB:P16871 An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P16872 CD127 (mouse) IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) IL-7R subunit alpha (mouse) IL-7R-alpha (mouse) IL-7RA (mouse) mIL7R Il7r Category=organism-gene. interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P16872 PRO:DNx CD127 (mouse) UniProtKB:P16872 IL-7 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P16872 IL-7R subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P16872 IL-7R-alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P16872 IL-7RA (mouse) UniProtKB:P16872 mIL7R PRO:DNx Il7r UniProtKB:P16872 An aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human. transaminase A (human) UniProtKB:P17174 cAspAT (human) cCAT (human) cysteine aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (human) cysteine transaminase, cytoplasmic (human) glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (human) hGOT1 GOT1 Category=organism-gene. aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (human) An aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P17174 transaminase A (human) UniProtKB:P17174 cAspAT (human) UniProtKB:P17174 cCAT (human) UniProtKB:P17174 cysteine aminotransferase, cytoplasmic (human) UniProtKB:P17174 cysteine transaminase, cytoplasmic (human) UniProtKB:P17174 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (human) UniProtKB:P17174 hGOT1 PRO:DNx GOT1 UniProtKB:P17174 A transcription factor PU.1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P17433 31 kDa-transforming protein (mouse) SFFV proviral integration 1 protein (mouse) mSPI1 Sfpi-1 Sfpi1 Spi1 Category=organism-gene. transcription factor PU.1 (mouse) A transcription factor PU.1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P17433 PRO:DNx 31 kDa-transforming protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P17433 SFFV proviral integration 1 protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P17433 mSPI1 PRO:DNx Sfpi-1 UniProtKB:P17433 Sfpi1 UniProtKB:P17433 Spi1 UniProtKB:P17433 A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-8956511 UniProtKB:P17542 Stem cell protein (human) T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5 (human) TAL-1 (human) class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 17 (human) hTAL1 BHLHA17 SCL TAL1 TCL5 Category=organism-gene. T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (human) A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P17542 Reactome:R-HSA-8956511 PR:P17542 located_in GO:0005654 Stem cell protein (human) UniProtKB:P17542 T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5 (human) UniProtKB:P17542 TAL-1 (human) UniProtKB:P17542 class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 17 (human) UniProtKB:P17542 hTAL1 PRO:DNx BHLHA17 UniProtKB:P17542 SCL UniProtKB:P17542 TAL1 UniProtKB:P17542 TCL5 UniProtKB:P17542 An erythroid transcription factor that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P17678 Eryf1 (chicken) GATA-1 (chicken) GATA-binding factor 1 (chicken) NF-E1 DNA-binding protein (chicken) NF-E1a (chicken) chick-GATA1 ERYF1 GATA1 Category=organism-gene. erythroid transcription factor (chicken) An erythroid transcription factor that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PANTHER:PTHR10071:SF26 PRO:DNx Eryf1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P17678 GATA-1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P17678 GATA-binding factor 1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P17678 NF-E1 DNA-binding protein (chicken) UniProtKB:P17678 NF-E1a (chicken) UniProtKB:P17678 chick-GATA1 PRO:DNx ERYF1 UniProtKB:P17678 GATA1 UniProtKB:P17678 An erythroid transcription factor that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P17679 Eryf1 (mouse) GATA-1 (mouse) GATA-binding factor 1 (mouse) GF-1 (mouse) NF-E1 DNA-binding protein (mouse) mGATA1 Gata1 Gf-1 Category=organism-gene. erythroid transcription factor (mouse) An erythroid transcription factor that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P17679 PRO:DNx Eryf1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P17679 GATA-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P17679 GATA-binding factor 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P17679 GF-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P17679 NF-E1 DNA-binding protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P17679 mGATA1 PRO:DNx Gata1 UniProtKB:P17679 Gf-1 UniProtKB:P17679 An endoglin that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P17813 CD105 (human) hENG END ENG Category=organism-gene. endoglin (human) An endoglin that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P17813 CD105 (human) UniProtKB:P17813 hENG PRO:DNx END UniProtKB:P17813 ENG UniProtKB:P17813 A transcription factor PU.1 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-8865503 UniProtKB:P17947 31 kDa-transforming protein (human) hSPI1 SPI1 Category=organism-gene. transcription factor PU.1 (human) A transcription factor PU.1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P17947 Reactome:R-HSA-8865503 PR:P17947 located_in GO:0005654 31 kDa-transforming protein (human) UniProtKB:P17947 hSPI1 PRO:DNx SPI1 UniProtKB:P17947 A CD48 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P18181 BCM1 surface antigen (mouse) BLAST-1 (mouse) CD48 (mouse) HM48-1 (mouse) MRC OX-45 surface antigen (mouse) SLAM family member 2 (mouse) SLAMF2 (mouse) mCD48 sgp-60 (mouse) signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 (mouse) Bcm-1 Cd48 Category=organism-gene. CD48 antigen (mouse) A CD48 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P18181 PRO:DNx BCM1 surface antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 BLAST-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 CD48 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 HM48-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 MRC OX-45 surface antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 SLAM family member 2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 SLAMF2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 mCD48 PRO:DNx sgp-60 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18181 Bcm-1 UniProtKB:P18181 Cd48 UniProtKB:P18181 A syndecan-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P18827 CD138 (human) SYND1 (human) hSDC1 SDC SDC1 Category=organism-gene. syndecan-1 (human) A syndecan-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P18827 CD138 (human) UniProtKB:P18827 SYND1 (human) UniProtKB:P18827 hSDC1 PRO:DNx SDC UniProtKB:P18827 SDC1 UniProtKB:P18827 A syndecan-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P18828 CD138 (mouse) SYND1 (mouse) mSDC1 Sdc1 Synd-1 Synd1 Category=organism-gene. syndecan-1 (mouse) A syndecan-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P18828 PRO:DNx CD138 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18828 SYND1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P18828 mSDC1 PRO:DNx Sdc1 UniProtKB:P18828 Synd-1 UniProtKB:P18828 Synd1 UniProtKB:P18828 A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P19437 B-cell differentiation antigen Ly-44 (mouse) CD20 (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 44 (mouse) mMS4A1 membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (mouse) Cd20 Ly-44 Ms4a1 Ms4a2 Category=organism-gene. B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 (mouse) A membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P19437 PRO:DNx B-cell differentiation antigen Ly-44 (mouse) UniProtKB:P19437 CD20 (mouse) UniProtKB:P19437 lymphocyte antigen 44 (mouse) UniProtKB:P19437 mMS4A1 PRO:DNx membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P19437 Cd20 UniProtKB:P19437 Ly-44 UniProtKB:P19437 Ms4a1 UniProtKB:P19437 Ms4a2 UniProtKB:P19437 A CD33 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P20138 gp67 (human) hCD33 sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3 (human) siglec-3 (human) CD33 SIGLEC3 Category=organism-gene. myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 (human) A CD33 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P20138 gp67 (human) UniProtKB:P20138 hCD33 PRO:DNx sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3 (human) UniProtKB:P20138 siglec-3 (human) UniProtKB:P20138 CD33 UniProtKB:P20138 SIGLEC3 UniProtKB:P20138 A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P20489 Fc-epsilon RI-alpha (mouse) IgE Fc receptor subunit alpha (mouse) mFCER1A FcERI (mouse) Fce1a Fcer1a Category=organism-gene. high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha (mouse) A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P20489 PRO:DNx Fc-epsilon RI-alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P20489 IgE Fc receptor subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P20489 mFCER1A PRO:DNx FcERI (mouse) UniProtKB:P20489 Fce1a UniProtKB:P20489 Fcer1a UniProtKB:P20489 An integrin alpha-X that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P20702 CD11 antigen-like family member C (human) Leu M5 (human) hITGAX leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein p150,95 alpha chain (human) leukocyte adhesion receptor p150,95 (human) CD11C ITGAX Category=organism-gene. integrin alpha-X (human) CD11 antigen-like family member C (human) UniProtKB:P20702 Leu M5 (human) UniProtKB:P20702 hITGAX PRO:DNx leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein p150,95 alpha chain (human) UniProtKB:P20702 leukocyte adhesion receptor p150,95 (human) UniProtKB:P20702 CD11C UniProtKB:P20702 ITGAX UniProtKB:P20702 An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P21183 CD125 (mouse) IL-5 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) IL-5R subunit alpha (mouse) IL-5R-alpha (mouse) IL-5RA (mouse) mIL5RA Il5r Il5ra Category=organism-gene. interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P21183 PRO:DNx CD125 (mouse) UniProtKB:P21183 IL-5 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P21183 IL-5R subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P21183 IL-5R-alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P21183 IL-5RA (mouse) UniProtKB:P21183 mIL5RA PRO:DNx Il5r UniProtKB:P21183 Il5ra UniProtKB:P21183 A 5'-nucleotidase that is encoded in the genome of human. 5'-NT (human) ecto-5'-nucleotidase (human) UniProtKB:P21589 CD73 (human) IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase (human) hNT5E thymidylate 5'-phosphatase (human) 5'-deoxynucleotidase (human) NT5 NT5E NTE Category=organism-gene. 5'-nucleotidase (human) A 5'-nucleotidase that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P21589 5'-NT (human) UniProtKB:P21589 ecto-5'-nucleotidase (human) UniProtKB:P21589 CD73 (human) UniProtKB:P21589 IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase (human) UniProtKB:P21589 hNT5E PRO:DNx thymidylate 5'-phosphatase (human) UniProtKB:P21589 5'-deoxynucleotidase (human) UniProtKB:P21589 NT5 UniProtKB:P21589 NT5E UniProtKB:P21589 NTE UniProtKB:P21589 A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P21784 RAG-2 (mouse) mRAG2 Rag-2 Rag2 Category=organism-gene. V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 (mouse) A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P21784 PRO:DNx RAG-2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P21784 mRAG2 PRO:DNx Rag-2 UniProtKB:P21784 Rag2 UniProtKB:P21784 A CD9 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. p24 (human) UniProtKB:P21926 5H9 antigen (human) MRP-1 (human) cell growth-inhibiting gene 2 protein (human) hCD9 leukocyte antigen MIC3 (human) motility-related protein (human) tetraspanin-29 (human) tspan-29 (human) CD9 GIG2 MIC3 TSPAN29 Category=organism-gene. CD9 antigen (human) A CD9 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P21926 p24 (human) UniProtKB:P21926 5H9 antigen (human) UniProtKB:P21926 MRP-1 (human) UniProtKB:P21926 cell growth-inhibiting gene 2 protein (human) UniProtKB:P21926 hCD9 PRO:DNx leukocyte antigen MIC3 (human) UniProtKB:P21926 motility-related protein (human) UniProtKB:P21926 tetraspanin-29 (human) UniProtKB:P21926 tspan-29 (human) UniProtKB:P21926 CD9 UniProtKB:P21926 GIG2 UniProtKB:P21926 MIC3 UniProtKB:P21926 TSPAN29 UniProtKB:P21926 A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P22091 Stem cell protein (mouse) TAL-1 (mouse) mTAL1 Scl Tal-1 Tal1 Category=organism-gene. T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 homolog (mouse) A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P22091 PRO:DNx Stem cell protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P22091 TAL-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P22091 mTAL1 PRO:DNx Scl UniProtKB:P22091 Tal-1 UniProtKB:P22091 Tal1 UniProtKB:P22091 A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P22646 CD3e (mouse) T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (mouse) mCD3E Cd3e Category=organism-gene. T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (mouse) A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P22646 PRO:DNx CD3e (mouse) UniProtKB:P22646 T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P22646 mCD3E PRO:DNx Cd3e UniProtKB:P22646 An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-996735 UniProtKB:P23769 GATA-binding protein 2 (human) hGATA2 GATA2 Category=organism-gene. endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (human) An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P23769 Reactome:R-HSA-996735 PR:P23769 located_in GO:0005654 GATA-binding protein 2 (human) UniProtKB:P23769 hGATA2 PRO:DNx GATA2 UniProtKB:P23769 An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P23824 GATA-2 (chicken) chick-GATA2 transcription factor NF-E1b (chicken) GATA2 Category=organism-gene. GATA-binding factor 2 (chicken) An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:P23824 PRO:DNx GATA-2 (chicken) UniProtKB:P23824 chick-GATA2 PRO:DNx transcription factor NF-E1b (chicken) UniProtKB:P23824 GATA2 UniProtKB:P23824 A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P24271 RAG-1 (chicken) chick-RAG1 RAG1 Category=organism-gene. V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 (chicken) A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:P24271 PRO:DNx RAG-1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P24271 chick-RAG1 PRO:DNx RAG1 UniProtKB:P24271 A signal transducer CD24 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P24807 CD24 (mouse) HSA (mouse) M1/69-J11D heat stable antigen (mouse) R13-Ag (mouse) X62 heat stable antigen (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 52 (mouse) mCD24 nectadrin (mouse) Cd24 Cd24a Ly-52 Category=organism-gene. signal transducer CD24 (mouse) A signal transducer CD24 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P24807 PRO:WCB CD24 (mouse) UniProtKB:P24807 HSA (mouse) UniProtKB:P24807 M1/69-J11D heat stable antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P24807 R13-Ag (mouse) UniProtKB:P24807 X62 heat stable antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P24807 lymphocyte antigen 52 (mouse) UniProtKB:P24807 mCD24 PRO:DNx nectadrin (mouse) UniProtKB:P24807 Cd24 UniProtKB:P24807 Cd24a UniProtKB:P24807 Ly-52 UniProtKB:P24807 A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P24899 Stem cell protein (chicken) TAL-1 (chicken) chick-TAL1 SCL TAL1 Category=organism-gene. T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 homolog (chicken) A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:P24899 PRO:DNx Stem cell protein (chicken) UniProtKB:P24899 TAL-1 (chicken) UniProtKB:P24899 chick-TAL1 PRO:DNx SCL UniProtKB:P24899 TAL1 UniProtKB:P24899 A signal transducer CD24 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P25063 hCD24 small cell lung carcinoma cluster 4 antigen (human) CD24 CD24A Category=organism-gene. signal transducer CD24 (human) A signal transducer CD24 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P25063 hCD24 PRO:DNx small cell lung carcinoma cluster 4 antigen (human) UniProtKB:P25063 CD24 UniProtKB:P25063 CD24A UniProtKB:P25063 A CD19 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P25918 CD19 (mouse) differentiation antigen CD19 (mouse) mCD19 Cd19 Category=organism-gene. B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (mouse) A CD19 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P25918 PRO:DNx CD19 (mouse) UniProtKB:P25918 differentiation antigen CD19 (mouse) UniProtKB:P25918 mCD19 PRO:DNx Cd19 UniProtKB:P25918 An integrin beta-7 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P26010 Gut homing receptor beta subunit (human) hITGB7 ITGB7 Category=organism-gene. integrin beta-7 (human) An integrin beta-7 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P26010 Gut homing receptor beta subunit (human) UniProtKB:P26010 hITGB7 PRO:DNx ITGB7 UniProtKB:P26010 An integrin beta-7 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P26011 M290 IEL antigen (mouse) integrin beta-P (mouse) mITGB7 Itgb7 Category=organism-gene. integrin beta-7 (mouse) An integrin beta-7 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P26011 PRO:DNx M290 IEL antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P26011 integrin beta-P (mouse) UniProtKB:P26011 mITGB7 PRO:DNx Itgb7 UniProtKB:P26011 A CD27 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P26842 CD27L receptor (human) T-cell activation antigen CD27 (human) T14 (human) hCD27 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7 (human) CD27 TNFRSF7 Category=organism-gene. CD27 antigen (human) A CD27 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P26842 CD27L receptor (human) UniProtKB:P26842 T-cell activation antigen CD27 (human) UniProtKB:P26842 T14 (human) UniProtKB:P26842 hCD27 PRO:DNx tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7 (human) UniProtKB:P26842 CD27 UniProtKB:P26842 TNFRSF7 UniProtKB:P26842 An interleukin-3 receptor class 2 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P26951 CD123 (human) IL-3 receptor subunit alpha (human) IL-3R subunit alpha (human) IL-3R-alpha (human) IL-3RA (human) hIL3RA IL3R IL3RA Category=organism-gene. interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (human) An interleukin-3 receptor class 2 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P26951 CD123 (human) UniProtKB:P26951 IL-3 receptor subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P26951 IL-3R subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:P26951 IL-3R-alpha (human) UniProtKB:P26951 IL-3RA (human) UniProtKB:P26951 hIL3RA PRO:DNx IL3R UniProtKB:P26951 IL3RA UniProtKB:P26951 An interleukin-3 receptor class 2 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P26952 CD123 (mouse) IL-3 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) IL-3R subunit alpha (mouse) IL-3R-alpha (mouse) IL-3RA (mouse) interleukin-3 receptor class II alpha chain (mouse) mIL3RA Il3ra Sut-1 Category=organism-gene. interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) An interleukin-3 receptor class 2 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P26952 PRO:DNx CD123 (mouse) UniProtKB:P26952 IL-3 receptor subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P26952 IL-3R subunit alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P26952 IL-3R-alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P26952 IL-3RA (mouse) UniProtKB:P26952 interleukin-3 receptor class II alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:P26952 mIL3RA PRO:DNx Il3ra UniProtKB:P26952 Sut-1 UniProtKB:P26952 A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P27548 CD154 (mouse) CD40-L (mouse) T-cell antigen Gp39 (mouse) TNF-related activation protein (mouse) TRAP (mouse) mCD40LG tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 (mouse) Cd40l Cd40lg Tnfsf5 Category=organism-gene. CD40 ligand (mouse) A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P27548 PRO:DNx CD154 (mouse) UniProtKB:P27548 CD40-L (mouse) UniProtKB:P27548 T-cell antigen Gp39 (mouse) UniProtKB:P27548 TNF-related activation protein (mouse) UniProtKB:P27548 TRAP (mouse) UniProtKB:P27548 mCD40LG PRO:DNx tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 (mouse) UniProtKB:P27548 Cd40l UniProtKB:P27548 Cd40lg UniProtKB:P27548 Tnfsf5 UniProtKB:P27548 A killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P27814 CD161 antigen-like family member C (mouse) CD161c (mouse) Ly-55c (mouse) NK1.1 (mouse) NKR-P1 40 (mouse) NKR-P1.9 (mouse) NKR-P1C (mouse) lymphocyte antigen 55c (mouse) mKlrb1c natural killer cell surface protein P1-40 (mouse) Klrb1c Ly55c Nkrp1c Category=organism-gene. killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C (mouse) A killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P27814 CD161 antigen-like family member C (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 CD161c (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 Ly-55c (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 NK1.1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 NKR-P1 40 (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 NKR-P1.9 (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 NKR-P1C (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 lymphocyte antigen 55c (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 mKlrb1c PRO:DNx natural killer cell surface protein P1-40 (mouse) UniProtKB:P27814 Klrb1c UniProtKB:P27814 Ly55c UniProtKB:P27814 Nkrp1c UniProtKB:P27814 A CD34 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P28906 hCD34 CD34 Category=organism-gene. hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 (human) hCD34 PRO:DNx CD34 UniProtKB:P28906 An ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-8938080 UniProtKB:P28907 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase (human) 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (human) 2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (human) ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1 (human) ADPRC 1 (human) T10 (human) cADPR hydrolase 1 (human) cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (human) hCD38 CD38 Category=organism-gene. ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (human) An ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P28907 Reactome:R-HSA-8938080 PR:P28907 located_in GO:0005886 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase (human) UniProtKB:P28907 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (human) UniProtKB:P28907 2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (human) UniProtKB:P28907 ADPRC 1 (human) UniProtKB:P28907 T10 (human) UniProtKB:P28907 cADPR hydrolase 1 (human) UniProtKB:P28907 cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (human) UniProtKB:P28907 hCD38 PRO:DNx CD38 UniProtKB:P28907 A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-198113 UniProtKB:P29965 CD154 (human) CD40-L (human) T-cell antigen Gp39 (human) TNF-related activation protein (human) hCD40LG tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 (human) CD40L CD40LG TNFSF5 TRAP Category=organism-gene. CD40 ligand (human) A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P29965 Reactome:R-HSA-198113 PR:P29965 located_in GO:0005886 CD154 (human) UniProtKB:P29965 CD40-L (human) UniProtKB:P29965 T-cell antigen Gp39 (human) UniProtKB:P29965 TNF-related activation protein (human) UniProtKB:P29965 hCD40LG PRO:DNx tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 (human) UniProtKB:P29965 CD40L UniProtKB:P29965 CD40LG UniProtKB:P29965 TNFSF5 UniProtKB:P29965 TRAP UniProtKB:P29965 A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P31997 CD66b (human) CD67 antigen (human) carcinoembryonic antigen CGM6 (human) hCEACAM8 non-specific cross-reacting antigen NCA-95 (human) CEACAM8 CGM6 Category=organism-gene. carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 (human) A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P31997 CD66b (human) UniProtKB:P31997 CD67 antigen (human) UniProtKB:P31997 carcinoembryonic antigen CGM6 (human) UniProtKB:P31997 hCEACAM8 PRO:DNx non-specific cross-reacting antigen NCA-95 (human) UniProtKB:P31997 CEACAM8 UniProtKB:P31997 CGM6 UniProtKB:P31997 A C-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. DTO:02100053 Reactome:R-HSA-373107 UniProtKB:P32246 C-C CKR-1 (human) CC-CKR-1 (human) CCR-1 (human) CD191 (human) HM145 (human) LD78 receptor (human) MIP-1alpha-R (human) RANTES-R (human) hCCR1 macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor (human) CCR1 CMKBR1 CMKR1 SCYAR1 Category=organism-gene. C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (human) A C-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P32246 Reactome:R-HSA-373107 PR:P32246 located_in GO:0005886 C-C CKR-1 (human) UniProtKB:P32246 CC-CKR-1 (human) UniProtKB:P32246 CCR-1 (human) UniProtKB:P32246 CD191 (human) UniProtKB:P32246 HM145 (human) UniProtKB:P32246 LD78 receptor (human) UniProtKB:P32246 MIP-1alpha-R (human) UniProtKB:P32246 RANTES-R (human) UniProtKB:P32246 hCCR1 PRO:DNx macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor (human) UniProtKB:P32246 CCR1 UniProtKB:P32246 CMKBR1 UniProtKB:P32246 CMKR1 UniProtKB:P32246 SCYAR1 UniProtKB:P32246 A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:P33151 7B4 antigen (human) CD144 (human) VE-cadherin (human) hCDH5 vascular endothelial cadherin (human) CDH5 Category=organism-gene. cadherin-5 (human) A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P33151 7B4 antigen (human) UniProtKB:P33151 CD144 (human) UniProtKB:P33151 VE-cadherin (human) UniProtKB:P33151 hCDH5 PRO:DNx vascular endothelial cadherin (human) UniProtKB:P33151 CDH5 UniProtKB:P33151 A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P35456 CD87 (mouse) U-PAR (mouse) mPLAUR uPAR (mouse) Plaur Category=organism-gene. urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (mouse) A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P35456 PRO:DNx CD87 (mouse) UniProtKB:P35456 U-PAR (mouse) UniProtKB:P35456 mPLAUR PRO:DNx uPAR (mouse) UniProtKB:P35456 Plaur UniProtKB:P35456 A lymphocyte antigen 6G that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P35461 Ly-6G (mouse) Ly-6G.1 (mouse) mLy6g Ly6g Category=organism-gene. lymphocyte antigen 6G (mouse) A lymphocyte antigen 6G that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P35461 Ly-6G (mouse) UniProtKB:P35461 Ly-6G.1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P35461 mLy6g PRO:DNx Ly6g UniProtKB:P35461 A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P35918 CD309 (mouse) FLK-1 (mouse) VEGFR-2 (mouse) fetal liver kinase 1 (mouse) kinase NYK (mouse) mKDR protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (mouse) Flk-1 Flk1 Kdr Category=organism-gene. vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (mouse) A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P35918 PRO:DNx CD309 (mouse) UniProtKB:P35918 FLK-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P35918 VEGFR-2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P35918 fetal liver kinase 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P35918 kinase NYK (mouse) UniProtKB:P35918 mKDR PRO:DNx protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P35918 Flk-1 UniProtKB:P35918 Flk1 UniProtKB:P35918 Kdr UniProtKB:P35918 A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. DTO:03100560 UniProtKB:P35968 CD309 (human) FLK-1 (human) VEGFR-2 (human) fetal liver kinase 1 (human) hKDR kinase insert domain receptor (human) protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (human) FLK1 KDR VEGFR2 Category=organism-gene. vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (human) A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P35968 CD309 (human) UniProtKB:P35968 FLK-1 (human) UniProtKB:P35968 VEGFR-2 (human) UniProtKB:P35968 fetal liver kinase 1 (human) UniProtKB:P35968 hKDR PRO:DNx kinase insert domain receptor (human) UniProtKB:P35968 protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1 (human) UniProtKB:P35968 FLK1 UniProtKB:P35968 KDR UniProtKB:P35968 VEGFR2 UniProtKB:P35968 A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P36195 chick-DNTT terminal addition enzyme (chicken) terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (chicken) terminal transferase (chicken) DNTT TDT Category=organism-gene. DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (chicken) A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:DNx chick-DNTT PRO:DNx terminal addition enzyme (chicken) UniProtKB:P36195 terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (chicken) UniProtKB:P36195 terminal transferase (chicken) UniProtKB:P36195 DNTT UniProtKB:P36195 TDT UniProtKB:P36195 A receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 that is encoded in the genome of human. STK-1 (human) DTO:03100154 UniProtKB:P36888 FL cytokine receptor (human) FLK-2 (human) FLT-3 (human) Stem cell tyrosine kinase 1 (human) fetal liver kinase-2 (human) fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (human) hFLT3 CD135 FLK2 FLT3 STK1 Category=organism-gene. receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (human) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P36888 STK-1 (human) UniProtKB:P36888 FL cytokine receptor (human) UniProtKB:P36888 FLK-2 (human) UniProtKB:P36888 FLT-3 (human) UniProtKB:P36888 Stem cell tyrosine kinase 1 (human) UniProtKB:P36888 fetal liver kinase-2 (human) UniProtKB:P36888 fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (human) UniProtKB:P36888 hFLT3 PRO:DNx CD135 UniProtKB:P36888 FLK2 UniProtKB:P36888 FLT3 UniProtKB:P36888 STK1 UniProtKB:P36888 A CD69 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P37217 CD69 (mouse) mCD69 Cd69 Category=organism-gene. early activation antigen CD69 (mouse) A CD69 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P37217 PRO:DNx CD69 (mouse) UniProtKB:P37217 mCD69 PRO:DNx Cd69 UniProtKB:P37217 A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P37237 AIGF (mouse) FGF-8 (mouse) androgen-induced growth factor (mouse) mFGF8 Aigf Fgf8 HBGF-8 (mouse) heparin-binding growth factor 8 (mouse) Category=organism-gene. fibroblast growth factor 8 (mouse) A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P37237 PRO:DNx AIGF (mouse) UniProtKB:P37237 FGF-8 (mouse) UniProtKB:P37237 androgen-induced growth factor (mouse) UniProtKB:P37237 mFGF8 PRO:DNx Aigf UniProtKB:P37237 Fgf8 UniProtKB:P37237 HBGF-8 (mouse) UniProtKB:P37237 heparin-binding growth factor 8 (mouse) UniProtKB:P37237 A CD9 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P40240 CD9 (mouse) mCD9 Cd9 Category=organism-gene. CD9 antigen (mouse) A CD9 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P40240 PRO:DNx CD9 (mouse) UniProtKB:P40240 mCD9 PRO:DNx Cd9 UniProtKB:P40240 A CD27 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P41272 CD27 (mouse) CD27L receptor (mouse) T-cell activation antigen CD27 (mouse) mCD27 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7 (mouse) Cd27 Tnfrsf7 Category=organism-gene. CD27 antigen (mouse) A CD27 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P41272 PRO:DNx CD27 (mouse) UniProtKB:P41272 CD27L receptor (mouse) UniProtKB:P41272 T-cell activation antigen CD27 (mouse) UniProtKB:P41272 mCD27 PRO:DNx tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7 (mouse) UniProtKB:P41272 Cd27 UniProtKB:P41272 Tnfrsf7 UniProtKB:P41272 A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-381289 UniProtKB:P49715 C/EBP alpha (human) hCEBPA CEBP CEBPA Category=organism-gene. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (human) A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P49715 Reactome:R-HSA-381289 PR:P49715 located_in GO:0005654 C/EBP alpha (human) UniProtKB:P49715 hCEBPA PRO:DNx CEBP UniProtKB:P49715 CEBPA UniProtKB:P49715 A CD7 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P50283 CD7 (mouse) mCD7 Cd7 Category=organism-gene. T-cell antigen CD7 (mouse) A CD7 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P50283 PRO:DNx CD7 (mouse) UniProtKB:P50283 mCD7 PRO:DNx Cd7 UniProtKB:P50283 A C-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P51675 C-C CKR-1 (mouse) CC-CKR-1 (mouse) CCR-1 (mouse) CCR1 (mouse) CD191 (mouse) MIP-1alpha-R (mouse) RANTES-R (mouse) mCCR1 macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor (mouse) Ccr1 Cmkbr1 Category=organism-gene. C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (mouse) A C-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P51675 PRO:DNx C-C CKR-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 CC-CKR-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 CCR-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 CCR1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 CD191 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 MIP-1alpha-R (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 RANTES-R (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 mCCR1 PRO:DNx macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor (mouse) UniProtKB:P51675 Ccr1 UniProtKB:P51675 Cmkbr1 UniProtKB:P51675 A C-C chemokine receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. DTO:02100055 Reactome:R-HSA-373106 UniProtKB:P51677 C C CKR3 (human) C-C CKR-3 (human) CC-CKR-3 (human) CCR-3 (human) CD193 (human) CKR 3 (human) CKR3 (human) eosinophil eotaxin receptor (human) hCCR3 CCR3 CMKBR3 Category=organism-gene. C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (human) A C-C chemokine receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:P51677 Reactome:R-HSA-373106 PR:P51677 located_in GO:0005886 C C CKR3 (human) UniProtKB:P51677 C-C CKR-3 (human) UniProtKB:P51677 CC-CKR-3 (human) UniProtKB:P51677 CCR-3 (human) UniProtKB:P51677 CD193 (human) UniProtKB:P51677 CKR 3 (human) UniProtKB:P51677 CKR3 (human) UniProtKB:P51677 eosinophil eotaxin receptor (human) UniProtKB:P51677 hCCR3 PRO:DNx CCR3 UniProtKB:P51677 CMKBR3 UniProtKB:P51677 A C-C chemokine receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P51678 C-C CKR-3 (mouse) CC-CKR-3 (mouse) CCR-3 (mouse) CCR3 (mouse) CD193 (mouse) CKR3 (mouse) MIP-1 alpha RL2 (mouse) mCCR3 macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor-like 2 (mouse) Ccr3 Cmkbr1l2 Cmkbr3 Category=organism-gene. probable C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (mouse) A C-C chemokine receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P51678 PRO:DNx C-C CKR-3 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 CC-CKR-3 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 CCR-3 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 CCR3 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 CD193 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 CKR3 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 MIP-1 alpha RL2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 mCCR3 PRO:DNx macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha receptor-like 2 (mouse) UniProtKB:P51678 Ccr3 UniProtKB:P51678 Cmkbr1l2 UniProtKB:P51678 Cmkbr3 UniProtKB:P51678 A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P53566 C/EBP alpha (mouse) mCEBPA Cebp Cebpa Category=organism-gene. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (mouse) A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P53566 PRO:DNx C/EBP alpha (mouse) UniProtKB:P53566 mCEBPA PRO:DNx Cebp UniProtKB:P53566 Cebpa UniProtKB:P53566 A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. HBGF-8 (human) heparin-binding growth factor 8 (human) UniProtKB:P55075 FGF-8 (human) androgen-induced growth factor (human) hFGF8 AIGF FGF8 Category=organism-gene. fibroblast growth factor 8 (human) A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:P55075 HBGF-8 (human) UniProtKB:P55075 heparin-binding growth factor 8 (human) UniProtKB:P55075 FGF-8 (human) UniProtKB:P55075 androgen-induced growth factor (human) UniProtKB:P55075 hFGF8 PRO:DNx AIGF UniProtKB:P55075 FGF8 UniProtKB:P55075 A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P55284 CD144 (mouse) VE-cadherin (mouse) mCDH5 vascular endothelial cadherin (mouse) Cdh5 Category=organism-gene. cadherin-5 (mouse) A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P55284 PRO:DNx CD144 (mouse) UniProtKB:P55284 VE-cadherin (mouse) UniProtKB:P55284 mCDH5 PRO:DNx vascular endothelial cadherin (mouse) UniProtKB:P55284 Cdh5 UniProtKB:P55284 A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-5692675 UniProtKB:P55895 RAG-2 (human) hRAG2 RAG2 Category=organism-gene. V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 (human) A V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:P55895 Reactome:R-HSA-5692675 PR:P55895 located_in GO:0005654 RAG-2 (human) UniProtKB:P55895 hRAG2 PRO:DNx RAG2 UniProtKB:P55895 An ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P56528 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase (mouse) 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (mouse) 2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (mouse) ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1 (mouse) ADPRC 1 (mouse) CD38 (mouse) I-19 (mouse) NIM-R5 antigen (mouse) cADPR hydrolase 1 (mouse) cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (mouse) mCD38 Cd38 Category=organism-gene. ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (mouse) An ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:P56528 PRO:DNx 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 ADPRC 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 CD38 (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 I-19 (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 NIM-R5 antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 cADPR hydrolase 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:P56528 mCD38 PRO:DNx Cd38 UniProtKB:P56528 An insulin gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:P67970 chick-INS INS Category=organism-gene. insulin (chicken) An insulin gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:P67970 PRO:DNx chick-INS PRO:DNx INS UniProtKB:P67970 A calcitonin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:P70160-1 mCALCA/iso:1 Category=organism-sequence. calcitonin isoform 1 (mouse) A calcitonin isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PMID:8806650 PRO:HJD mCALCA/iso:1 PRO:DNx A receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q00342 CD135 (mouse) FL cytokine receptor (mouse) FLK-2 (mouse) FLT-3 (mouse) fetal liver kinase 2 (mouse) fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (mouse) mFLT3 tyrosine-protein kinase receptor flk-2 (mouse) Flk-2 Flt-3 Flt3 Category=organism-gene. receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (mouse) A receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q00342 PRO:DNx CD135 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q00342 FL cytokine receptor (mouse) UniProtKB:Q00342 FLK-2 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q00342 FLT-3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q00342 fetal liver kinase 2 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q00342 fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q00342 mFLT3 PRO:DNx tyrosine-protein kinase receptor flk-2 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q00342 Flk-2 UniProtKB:Q00342 Flt-3 UniProtKB:Q00342 Flt3 UniProtKB:Q00342 An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q01344 CD125 (human) CDw125 (human) IL-5 receptor subunit alpha (human) IL-5R subunit alpha (human) IL-5R-alpha (human) IL-5RA (human) hIL5RA IL5R IL5RA Category=organism-gene. interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (human) An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:Q01344 CD125 (human) UniProtKB:Q01344 CDw125 (human) UniProtKB:Q01344 IL-5 receptor subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:Q01344 IL-5R subunit alpha (human) UniProtKB:Q01344 IL-5R-alpha (human) UniProtKB:Q01344 IL-5RA (human) UniProtKB:Q01344 hIL5RA PRO:DNx IL5R UniProtKB:Q01344 IL5RA UniProtKB:Q01344 A paired box protein PAX-5 that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-158583 UniProtKB:Q02548 B-cell-specific transcription factor (human) BSAP (human) hPAX5 PAX5 Category=organism-gene. paired box protein Pax-5 (human) A paired box protein PAX-5 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:Q02548 Reactome:R-HSA-158583 PR:Q02548 located_in GO:0005654 B-cell-specific transcription factor (human) UniProtKB:Q02548 BSAP (human) UniProtKB:Q02548 hPAX5 PRO:DNx PAX5 UniProtKB:Q02548 A paired box protein PAX-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q02650 B-cell-specific transcription factor (mouse) BSAP (mouse) mPAX5 Pax-5 Pax5 Category=organism-gene. paired box protein Pax-5 (mouse) A paired box protein PAX-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q02650 PRO:DNx B-cell-specific transcription factor (mouse) UniProtKB:Q02650 BSAP (mouse) UniProtKB:Q02650 mPAX5 PRO:DNx Pax-5 UniProtKB:Q02650 Pax5 UniProtKB:Q02650 A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q03405 CD87 (human) U-PAR (human) hPLAUR monocyte activation antigen Mo3 (human) MO3 PLAUR UPAR Category=organism-gene. urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (human) A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:Q03405 CD87 (human) UniProtKB:Q03405 U-PAR (human) UniProtKB:Q03405 hPLAUR PRO:DNx monocyte activation antigen Mo3 (human) UniProtKB:Q03405 MO3 UniProtKB:Q03405 PLAUR UniProtKB:Q03405 UPAR UniProtKB:Q03405 A CD69 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q07108 AIM (human) BL-AC/P26 (human) C-type lectin domain family 2 member C (human) EA1 (human) GP32/28 (human) MLR-3 (human) activation inducer molecule (human) early T-cell activation antigen p60 (human) hCD69 leukocyte surface antigen Leu-23 (human) CD69 CLEC2C Category=organism-gene. early activation antigen CD69 (human) A CD69 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:CNA UniProtKB:Q07108 AIM (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 BL-AC/P26 (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 C-type lectin domain family 2 member C (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 EA1 (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 GP32/28 (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 MLR-3 (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 activation inducer molecule (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 early T-cell activation antigen p60 (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 hCD69 PRO:DNx leukocyte surface antigen Leu-23 (human) UniProtKB:Q07108 CD69 UniProtKB:Q07108 CLEC2C UniProtKB:Q07108 A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q07763 CD244 (mouse) NK cell type I receptor protein 2B4 (mouse) NKR2B4 (mouse) SLAM family member 4 (mouse) SLAMF4 (mouse) mCD244 non-MHC restricted killing associated (mouse) signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 4 (mouse) 2b4 Cd244 Nmrk Category=organism-gene. natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (mouse) A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q07763 PRO:DNx CD244 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q07763 NK cell type I receptor protein 2B4 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q07763 NKR2B4 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q07763 SLAM family member 4 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q07763 SLAMF4 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q07763 mCD244 PRO:DNx non-MHC restricted killing associated (mouse) UniProtKB:Q07763 signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 4 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q07763 2b4 UniProtKB:Q07763 Cd244 UniProtKB:Q07763 Nmrk UniProtKB:Q07763 A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:Q08156 SCFR (chicken) chick-KIT proto-oncogene c-Kit (chicken) tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (chicken) KIT Category=organism-gene. mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (chicken) A mast/stem cell growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:Q08156 PRO:DNx SCFR (chicken) UniProtKB:Q08156 chick-KIT PRO:DNx proto-oncogene c-Kit (chicken) UniProtKB:Q08156 tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (chicken) UniProtKB:Q08156 KIT UniProtKB:Q08156 A SLAM family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q13291 CD150 (human) CDw150 (human) IPO-3 (human) SLAM family member 1 (human) hSLAMF1 SLAM SLAMF1 Category=organism-gene. signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (human) A SLAM family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:Q13291 CD150 (human) UniProtKB:Q13291 CDw150 (human) UniProtKB:Q13291 IPO-3 (human) UniProtKB:Q13291 SLAM family member 1 (human) UniProtKB:Q13291 hSLAMF1 PRO:DNx SLAM UniProtKB:Q13291 SLAMF1 UniProtKB:Q13291 A transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q13445 Tp24 (human) hTMED1 interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ligand (human) p24 family protein gamma-1 (human) p24gamma1 (human) putative T1/ST2 receptor-binding protein (human) IL1RL1L IL1RL1LG TMED1 Category=organism-gene. transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 (human) A transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:Q13445 Tp24 (human) UniProtKB:Q13445 hTMED1 PRO:DNx interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ligand (human) UniProtKB:Q13445 p24 family protein gamma-1 (human) UniProtKB:Q13445 p24gamma1 (human) UniProtKB:Q13445 putative T1/ST2 receptor-binding protein (human) UniProtKB:Q13445 IL1RL1L UniProtKB:Q13445 IL1RL1LG UniProtKB:Q13445 TMED1 UniProtKB:Q13445 A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q15465 HHG-1 (human) Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (human) ShhNC (human) hSHH SHH Category=organism-gene. sonic hedgehog protein (human) A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:Q15465 HHG-1 (human) UniProtKB:Q15465 Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (human) UniProtKB:Q15465 ShhNC (human) UniProtKB:Q15465 hSHH PRO:DNx SHH UniProtKB:Q15465 A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q2VLH6 CD163 (mouse) mCD163 Cd163 M130 Category=organism-gene. scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (mouse) A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q2VLH6 PRO:DNx CD163 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q2VLH6 mCD163 PRO:DNx Cd163 UniProtKB:Q2VLH6 M130 UniProtKB:Q2VLH6 A transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q3V009 interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ligand (mouse) mTMED1 p24 family protein gamma-1 (mouse) p24gamma1 (mouse) putative T1/ST2 receptor-binding protein (mouse) Il1rl1l Tmed1 Category=organism-gene. transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 (mouse) A transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q3V009 PRO:DNx interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ligand (mouse) UniProtKB:Q3V009 mTMED1 PRO:DNx p24 family protein gamma-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q3V009 p24gamma1 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q3V009 putative T1/ST2 receptor-binding protein (mouse) UniProtKB:Q3V009 Il1rl1l UniProtKB:Q3V009 Tmed1 UniProtKB:Q3V009 A cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 CD200 cell surface glycoprotein receptor-like 3 (mouse) CD200 cell surface glycoprotein receptor-like b (mouse) CD200 receptor-like 3 (mouse) cell surface glycoprotein OX2 receptor 3 (mouse) mCd200r3 Cd200r3 Cd200rlb Category=organism-gene. cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 3 (mouse) A cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:DNx UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 CD200 cell surface glycoprotein receptor-like 3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 CD200 cell surface glycoprotein receptor-like b (mouse) UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 CD200 receptor-like 3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 cell surface glycoprotein OX2 receptor 3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 mCd200r3 PRO:DNx Cd200r3 UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 Cd200rlb UniProtKB:Q5UKY4 A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q61391 CD10 (mouse) NEP (mouse) SFE (mouse) atriopeptidase (mouse) enkephalinase (mouse) mMME neutral endopeptidase (mouse) neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (mouse) skin fibroblast elastase (mouse) Mme Category=organism-gene. neprilysin (mouse) A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q61391 PRO:DNx CD10 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 NEP (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 SFE (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 atriopeptidase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 enkephalinase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 mMME PRO:DNx neutral endopeptidase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 skin fibroblast elastase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61391 Mme UniProtKB:Q61391 A 5'-nucleotidase that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q61503 CD73 (mouse) IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase (mouse) mNT5E thymidylate 5'-phosphatase (mouse) 5'-NT (mouse) 5'-deoxynucleotidase (mouse) Nt5 Nt5e Nte ecto-5'-nucleotidase (mouse) Category=organism-gene. 5'-nucleotidase (mouse) A 5'-nucleotidase that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q61503 PRO:DNx CD73 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61503 IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61503 mNT5E PRO:DNx thymidylate 5'-phosphatase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61503 5'-NT (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61503 5'-deoxynucleotidase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61503 Nt5 UniProtKB:Q61503 Nt5e UniProtKB:Q61503 Nte UniProtKB:Q61503 ecto-5'-nucleotidase (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61503 A forkhead box protein N1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q61575 HFH-11 (mouse) HNF-3/forkhead homolog 11 (mouse) hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 forkhead homolog 11 (mouse) mFOXN1 winged-helix transcription factor nude (mouse) Fkh19 Foxn1 Hfh11 Whn Category=organism-gene. forkhead box protein N1 (mouse) A forkhead box protein N1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q61575 PRO:DNx HFH-11 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61575 HNF-3/forkhead homolog 11 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61575 hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 forkhead homolog 11 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61575 mFOXN1 PRO:DNx winged-helix transcription factor nude (mouse) UniProtKB:Q61575 Fkh19 UniProtKB:Q61575 Foxn1 UniProtKB:Q61575 Hfh11 UniProtKB:Q61575 Whn UniProtKB:Q61575 A haptoglobin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q61646 mHP Hp Category=organism-gene. haptoglobin (mouse) A haptoglobin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q61646 PRO:DNx mHP PRO:DNx Hp UniProtKB:Q61646 A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q62226 HHG-1 (mouse) SHH (mouse) Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (mouse) ShhNC (mouse) mSHH Hhg1 Shh Category=organism-gene. sonic hedgehog protein (mouse) A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q62226 PRO:DNx HHG-1 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62226 SHH (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62226 Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62226 ShhNC (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62226 mSHH PRO:DNx Hhg1 UniProtKB:Q62226 Shh UniProtKB:Q62226 A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q62351 CD71 (mouse) TfR (mouse) TfR1 (mouse) mTFRC TR (mouse) Tfrc Trfr Category=organism-gene. transferrin receptor protein 1 (mouse) A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q62351 PRO:DNx CD71 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62351 TfR (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62351 TfR1 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62351 mTFRC PRO:DNx TR (mouse) UniProtKB:Q62351 Tfrc UniProtKB:Q62351 Trfr UniProtKB:Q62351 An endoglin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q63961 CD105 (mouse) cell surface MJ7/18 antigen (mouse) mENG Edg Eng Category=organism-gene. endoglin (mouse) An endoglin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q63961 PRO:DNx CD105 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q63961 cell surface MJ7/18 antigen (mouse) UniProtKB:Q63961 mENG PRO:DNx Edg UniProtKB:Q63961 Eng UniProtKB:Q63961 A CD33 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q63994 CD33 (mouse) mCD33 sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3 (mouse) siglec-3 (mouse) Cd33 Siglec3 Category=organism-gene. myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 (mouse) A CD33 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. PRO:WCB CD33 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q63994 mCD33 PRO:DNx sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q63994 siglec-3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q63994 Cd33 UniProtKB:Q63994 Siglec3 UniProtKB:Q63994 A CD34 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q64314 CD34 (mouse) mCD34 Cd34 Category=organism-gene. hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 (mouse) A CD34 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q64314 PRO:DNx CD34 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q64314 mCD34 PRO:DNx Cd34 UniProtKB:Q64314 An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q6DYE8 CD203c (mouse) E-NPP 3 (mouse) PD-Ibeta (mouse) mENPP3 phosphodiesterase I beta (mouse) phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3 (mouse) Enpp3 Category=organism-gene. ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (mouse) An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q6DYE8 PRO:DNx CD203c (mouse) UniProtKB:Q6DYE8 E-NPP 3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q6DYE8 PD-Ibeta (mouse) UniProtKB:Q6DYE8 mENPP3 PRO:DNx phosphodiesterase I beta (mouse) UniProtKB:Q6DYE8 phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q6DYE8 Enpp3 UniProtKB:Q6DYE8 A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q86VB7 hCD163 hemoglobin scavenger receptor (human) CD163 M130 Category=organism-gene. scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (human) A scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:Q86VB7 hCD163 PRO:DNx hemoglobin scavenger receptor (human) UniProtKB:Q86VB7 CD163 UniProtKB:Q86VB7 M130 UniProtKB:Q86VB7 A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:Q8AYD0 VE-cadherin (chicken) chick-CDH5 vascular endothelial cadherin (chicken) CDH5 Category=organism-gene. cadherin-5 (chicken) A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:Q8AYD0 PRO:DNx VE-cadherin (chicken) UniProtKB:Q8AYD0 chick-CDH5 PRO:DNx vascular endothelial cadherin (chicken) UniProtKB:Q8AYD0 CDH5 UniProtKB:Q8AYD0 A C-type lectin domain family 4 member K that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q8VBX4 CD207 (mouse) langerin (mouse) mCD207 Cd207 Clec4k Category=organism-gene. C-type lectin domain family 4 member K (mouse) A C-type lectin domain family 4 member K that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q8VBX4 PRO:DNx CD207 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q8VBX4 langerin (mouse) UniProtKB:Q8VBX4 mCD207 PRO:DNx Cd207 UniProtKB:Q8VBX4 Clec4k UniProtKB:Q8VBX4 A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:Q90722 FGF-8 (chicken) chick-FGF8 FGF8 HBGF-8 (chicken) heparin-binding growth factor 8 (chicken) Category=organism-gene. fibroblast growth factor 8 (chicken) A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:Q90722 PRO:DNx FGF-8 (chicken) UniProtKB:Q90722 chick-FGF8 PRO:DNx FGF8 UniProtKB:Q90722 HBGF-8 (chicken) UniProtKB:Q90722 heparin-binding growth factor 8 (chicken) UniProtKB:Q90722 A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:Q90997 TR (chicken) TfR (chicken) TfR1 (chicken) Trfr (chicken) chick-TFRC TFRC Category=organism-gene. transferrin receptor protein 1 (chicken) A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:WCB TR (chicken) UniProtKB:Q90997 TfR (chicken) UniProtKB:Q90997 TfR1 (chicken) UniProtKB:Q90997 Trfr (chicken) UniProtKB:Q90997 chick-TFRC PRO:DNx TFRC UniProtKB:Q90997 A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:Q91035 Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (chicken) ShhNC (chicken) chick-SHH SHH Category=organism-gene. sonic hedgehog protein (chicken) A sonic hedgehog protein that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:Q91035 PRO:DNx Shh unprocessed N-terminal signaling and C-terminal autoprocessing domains (chicken) UniProtKB:Q91035 ShhNC (chicken) UniProtKB:Q91035 chick-SHH PRO:DNx SHH UniProtKB:Q91035 A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that is encoded in the genome of human. UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 NAIL (human) NK cell activation-inducing ligand (human) NK cell type I receptor protein 2B4 (human) NKR2B4 (human) SLAM family member 4 (human) SLAMF4 (human) h2B4 (human) hCD244 signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 4 (human) 2B4 CD244 Category=organism-gene. natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (human) A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 NAIL (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 NK cell activation-inducing ligand (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 NK cell type I receptor protein 2B4 (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 NKR2B4 (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 SLAM family member 4 (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 SLAMF4 (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 h2B4 (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 hCD244 PRO:DNx signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 4 (human) UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 2B4 UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 CD244 UniProtKB:Q9BZW8 A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:Q9I8D8 CD40-L (chicken) chick-CD40LG tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 (chicken) CD40L CD40LG TNFSF5 Category=organism-gene. CD40 ligand (chicken) A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. PRO:WCB CD40-L (chicken) UniProtKB:Q9I8D8 chick-CD40LG PRO:DNx tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 (chicken) UniProtKB:Q9I8D8 CD40L UniProtKB:Q9I8D8 CD40LG UniProtKB:Q9I8D8 TNFSF5 UniProtKB:Q9I8D8 An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q9QUM0 CD41 (mouse) GPIIb (mouse) GPalpha IIb (mouse) mITGA2B platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (mouse) Itga2b Category=organism-gene. integrin alpha-IIb (mouse) An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q9QUM0 PRO:DNx CD41 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QUM0 GPIIb (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QUM0 GPalpha IIb (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QUM0 mITGA2B PRO:DNx platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QUM0 Itga2b UniProtKB:Q9QUM0 A SLAM family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q9QUM4 CD150 (mouse) SLAM family member 1 (mouse) mSLAMF1 Slam Slamf1 Category=organism-gene. signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (mouse) A SLAM family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q9QUM4 PRO:DNx CD150 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QUM4 SLAM family member 1 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QUM4 mSLAMF1 PRO:DNx Slam UniProtKB:Q9QUM4 Slamf1 UniProtKB:Q9QUM4 An integrin alpha-X that is encoded in the genome of mouse. UniProtKB:Q9QXH4 CD11 antigen-like family member C (mouse) CD11c (mouse) leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein p150,95 alpha chain (mouse) leukocyte adhesion receptor p150,95 (mouse) mITGAX Itgax Category=organism-gene. integrin alpha-X (mouse) An integrin alpha-X that is encoded in the genome of mouse. OMA:Q9QXH4 PRO:DNx CD11 antigen-like family member C (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QXH4 CD11c (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QXH4 leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein p150,95 alpha chain (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QXH4 leukocyte adhesion receptor p150,95 (mouse) UniProtKB:Q9QXH4 mITGAX PRO:DNx Itgax UniProtKB:Q9QXH4 A C-type lectin domain family 4 member K that is encoded in the genome of human. Reactome:R-HSA-1216519 Reactome:R-HSA-1236762 Reactome:R-HSA-1236852 UniProtKB:Q9UJ71 hCD207 langerin (human) CD207 CLEC4K Category=organism-gene. C-type lectin domain family 4 member K (human) A C-type lectin domain family 4 member K that is encoded in the genome of human. PRO:WCB UniProtKB:Q9UJ71 Reactome:R-HSA-1216519 PR:Q9UJ71 located_in GO:0005886 Reactome:R-HSA-1236762 PR:Q9UJ71 located_in GO:0030669 Reactome:R-HSA-1236852 PR:Q9UJ71 located_in GO:0031901 hCD207 PRO:DNx langerin (human) UniProtKB:Q9UJ71 CD207 UniProtKB:Q9UJ71 CLEC4K UniProtKB:Q9UJ71 A paired box protein PAX-5 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. UniProtKB:Q9W601 chick-PAX5 Category=organism-gene. Pax-5 protein (chicken) A paired box protein PAX-5 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. OMA:Q9W601 PRO:DNx chick-PAX5 PRO:DNx A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. system A sequence_feature with an extent greater than zero. A nucleotide region is composed of bases and a polypeptide region is composed of amino acids. sequence region A sequence_feature with an extent greater than zero. A nucleotide region is composed of bases and a polypeptide region is composed of amino acids. SO:ke A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds which may lack appreciable tertiary structure and may not be liable to irreversible denaturation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptide protein This term is mapped to MGED. Do not obsolete without consulting MGED ontology. The term 'protein' was merged with 'polypeptide'. Although 'protein' was a sequence_attribute and therefore meant to describe the quality rather than an actual feature, it was being used erroneously. It is replaced by 'peptidyl' as the polymer attribute. polypeptide A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds which may lack appreciable tertiary structure and may not be liable to irreversible denaturation. SO:ma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptide wiki Any extent of continuous biological sequence. INSDC_feature:misc_feature INSDC_note:other INSDC_note:sequence_feature located_sequence_feature sequence feature located sequence feature sequence_feature Any extent of continuous biological sequence. LAMHDI:mb SO:ke A transcript that in its initial state requires modification to be functional. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_transcript INSDC_feature:precursor_RNA INSDC_feature:prim_transcript precursor RNA primary transcript primary_transcript A transcript that in its initial state requires modification to be functional. SO:ma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_transcript wiki A transcript which has undergone the necessary modifications, if any, for its function. In eukaryotes this includes, for example, processing of introns, cleavage, base modification, and modifications to the 5' and/or the 3' ends, other than addition of bases. In bacteria functional mRNAs are usually not modified. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mature_transcript mature transcript A processed transcript cannot contain introns. mature_transcript A transcript which has undergone the necessary modifications, if any, for its function. In eukaryotes this includes, for example, processing of introns, cleavage, base modification, and modifications to the 5' and/or the 3' ends, other than addition of bases. In bacteria functional mRNAs are usually not modified. SO:ke http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mature_transcript wiki Messenger RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. It includes UTR and coding sequences. It does not contain introns. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA http://www.gencodegenes.org/gencode_biotypes.html INSDC_feature:mRNA messenger RNA protein_coding_transcript An mRNA does not contain introns as it is a processed_transcript. The equivalent kind of primary_transcript is protein_coding_primary_transcript (SO:0000120) which may contain introns. This term is mapped to MGED. Do not obsolete without consulting MGED ontology. mRNA Messenger RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. It includes UTR and coding sequences. It does not contain introns. SO:ma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA wiki http://www.gencodegenes.org/gencode_biotypes.html GENCODE A contiguous sequence which begins with, and includes, a start codon and ends with, and includes, a stop codon. INSDC_feature:CDS coding sequence coding_sequence CDS A contiguous sequence which begins with, and includes, a start codon and ends with, and includes, a stop codon. SO:ma The signal_peptide is a short region of the peptide located at the N-terminus that directs the protein to be secreted or part of membrane components. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_peptide INSDC_feature:sig_peptide signal peptide signal peptide coding sequence signal Old def before biosapiens:The sequence for an N-terminal domain of a secreted protein; this domain is involved in attaching nascent polypeptide to the membrane leader sequence. signal_peptide The signal_peptide is a short region of the peptide located at the N-terminus that directs the protein to be secreted or part of membrane components. http://www.insdc.org/files/feature_table.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_peptide wiki signal uniprot:feature_type An RNA synthesized on a DNA or RNA template by an RNA polymerase. INSDC_feature:misc_RNA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA Added relationship overlaps SO:0002300 unit_of_gene_expression with Mejia-Almonte et.al PMID:32665585 Aug 5, 2020. transcript An RNA synthesized on a DNA or RNA template by an RNA polymerase. SO:ma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA wiki A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene INSDC_feature:gene This term is mapped to MGED. Do not obsolete without consulting MGED ontology. A gene may be considered as a unit of inheritance. gene A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. SO:immuno_workshop http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene wiki A region of a gene. gene member region A manufactured term used to allow the parts of a gene to have an is_a path to the root. gene_member_region A region of a gene. SO:ke A region of a transcript. transcript region This term was added to provide a grouping term for the region parts of transcript, thus giving them an is_a path back to the root. transcript_region A region of a transcript. SO:ke A region of a mature transcript. mature transcript region A manufactured term to collect together the parts of a mature transcript and give them an is_a path to the root. mature_transcript_region A region of a mature transcript. SO:ke A region of an mRNA. mRNA region This term was added to provide a grouping term for the region parts of mRNA, thus giving them an is_a path back to the root. mRNA_region A region of an mRNA. SO:cb Biological sequence region that can be assigned to a specific subsequence of a polypeptide. region site positional positional polypeptide feature region or site annotation Added to allow the polypeptide regions to have is_a paths back to the root. polypeptide_region Biological sequence region that can be assigned to a specific subsequence of a polypeptide. SO:GAR SO:ke region uniprot:feature_type site uniprot:feature_type A region of a CDS. CDS region CDS_region A region of a CDS. SO:cb Part of a peptide chain which is cleaved off during the formation of the mature protein. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeptide INSDC_feature:propeptide propep Range. propeptide Part of a peptide chain which is cleaved off during the formation of the mature protein. EBIBS:GAR http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeptide wiki propep uniprot:feature_type An immature_peptide_region is the extent of the peptide after it has been translated and before any processing occurs. immature peptide region Range. immature_peptide_region An immature_peptide_region is the extent of the peptide after it has been translated and before any processing occurs. EBIBS:GAR A region defined by its disposition to be involved in a biological process. INSDC_misc_feature INSDC_note:biological_region biological region biological_region A region defined by its disposition to be involved in a biological process. SO:cb A region of peptide sequence used to target the polypeptide molecule to a specific organelle. peptide localization signal localization signal peptide_localization_signal A region of peptide sequence used to target the polypeptide molecule to a specific organelle. SO:ke A CDS region corresponding to a propeptide of a polypeptide. INSDC_feature:propeptide propeptide region of CDS Added as per request from GitHub Issue #484 (https://github.com/The-Sequence-Ontology/SO-Ontologies/issues/484) propeptide_region_of_CDS A CDS region corresponding to a signal peptide of a polypeptide. INSDC_feature:sig_peptide Signal peptide region of CDS Added as per request from GitHub Issue #484 (https://github.com/The-Sequence-Ontology/SO-Ontologies/issues/484) signal_peptide_region_of_CDS Transcription units or transcribed coding sequences. unit of gene expression Added as per Mejia-Almonte et.al PMID:32665585 unit_of_gene_expression Transcription units or transcribed coding sequences. Bacterial_regulation_working_group:CMA PMID:32665585 A collection of related genes. gene group gene_group A collection of related genes. SO:ma The cleaved_peptide_region is the region of a peptide sequence that is cleaved during maturation. cleaved peptide region Range. cleaved_peptide_region The cleaved_peptide_region is the region of a peptide sequence that is cleaved during maturation. EBIBS:GAR An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. BFO:0000003 processual entity An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. span:ProcessualEntity Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. cervix BTO:0001421 BTO:0002249 CALOHA:TS-0134 EFO:0000979 EMAPA:29927 EV:0100114 FMA:17740 GAID:376 MA:0000392 MAT:0000292 MESH:D002584 NCIT:C12311 SCTID:181453009 VHOG:0001359 Wikipedia:Cervix galen:CervixUteri canalis cervicis uteri caudal segment of uterus cervical canal of uterus cervix uteri neck of uterus uterine cervix cervical canal cervix of uterus uterine cervix Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. Wikipedia:Cervix http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cervix EFO:0000979 canalis cervicis uteri FMA:17740 FMA:TA cervical canal of uterus FMA:17740 cervix uteri EMAPA:29927 neck of uterus FMA:17740 uterine cervix FMA:17740 cervical canal FMA:17740 cervix of uterus BTO:0001421 Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH]. AAO:0000311 EHDAA2:0001225 EHDAA:9083 EMAPA:17847 MA:0000282 SCTID:272650008 VHOG:0000663 galen:Naris naris Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH]. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity. BTO:0000840 CALOHA:TS-2037 EHDAA2:0001274 EHDAA:1502 EMAPA:16542 EV:0100037 EV:0100370 FMA:46472 GAID:77 MA:0000281 MAT:0000139 MESH:D009666 MIAA:0000139 NCIT:C12756 SCTID:181195007 TAO:0000047 Wikipedia:Nose ZFA:0000047 galen:Nose nasal sac nose peripheral olfactory organ nasus olfactory apparatus proboscis nose The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity. UBERON:cjm nasal sac ZFA:0000047 nose MA:0000281 peripheral olfactory organ ZFA:0000047 nasus Wikipedia:Nose olfactory apparatus UBERON:cjm chemosensory sensory organ chemosensory organ chemosensory sensory organ FBbt:00005157 The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. AAO:0010406 BTO:0000991 CALOHA:TS-0741 EFO:0000856 EMAPA:32927 EV:0100130 FMA:16016 GAID:324 MA:0000127 MAT:0000076 MESH:D007515 MIAA:0000076 NCIT:C12608 VHOG:0000646 Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans XAO:0000159 pancreatic insula pancreatic islet island of Langerhans island of pancreas islets of Langerhans islet of Langerhans The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. MA:0000127 MESH:A03.734.414 MP:0005215 island of Langerhans BTO:0000991 island of pancreas BTO:0000991 The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN]. Hp AAO:0010536 BAMS:PIT BAMS:Pit BIRNLEX:1353 BM:Die-Hy-HY BTO:0001073 CALOHA:TS-0798 DHBA:10505 EFO:0000857 EHDAA2:0001471 EHDAA:2183 EHDAA:4477 EMAPA:35998 EV:0100132 FMA:13889 GAID:457 HBA:4634 MA:0000176 MAT:0000077 MESH:D010902 MIAA:0000077 NCIT:C12399 SCTID:181125003 TAO:0000118 VHOG:0000143 Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland XAO:0000017 ZFA:0000118 glandula pituitaria pituitary pituitary body hypophysis hypophysis cerebri Terminology note: hypophysis and pituitary gland are often used informally as synonyms, but the hypophysis also includes the small infundibular or pituitary stalk[Neumann 2020] pituitary gland The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN]. Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland ZFIN:curator Hp BIRNLEX:1353 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource glandula pituitaria Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland pituitary BTO:0001073 pituitary body BTO:0001073 hypophysis ZFA:0000118 hypophysis cerebri MA:0000176 A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002107 FMA:85391 FMA:85392 NCIT:C13167 SCTID:68439008 Wikipedia:Submucosa organ submucosa region of submucosa submucosa of organ submucosa of region of organ submucous layer tela submucosa tunica submucosa submucosa A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submucosa organ submucosa FMA:85391 region of submucosa FMA:85392 submucosa of organ FMA:85391 submucosa of region of organ FMA:85392 submucous layer BTO:0002107 tela submucosa BTO:0002107 A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. PNS AAO:0000429 BAMS:PNS BILA:0000081 BIRNLEX:1111 BTO:0001028 CALOHA:TS-0808 EFO:0000891 EHDAA2:0001445 EHDAA:2893 EMAPA:16665 EV:0100335 FMA:9903 GAID:715 MA:0000218 MAT:0000338 MESH:D017933 MIAA:0000338 NCIT:C12465 SCTID:362292005 TAO:0000142 VHOG:0000399 Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system XAO:0000178 ZFA:0000142 neuronames:3232 pars peripherica systema nervosum periphericum peripheral nervous system A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. GO:0007422 PNS pars peripherica FMA:9903 FMA:TA Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system systema nervosum periphericum FMA:9903 FMA:TA Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia[GO]. AAO:0010488 BIRNLEX:2517 BTO:0001833 CALOHA:TS-2094 EFO:0000894 EHDA:10096 EHDAA2:0001402 EHDAA:4655 EMAPA:17270 FMA:9907 GAID:708 MA:0000223 MAT:0000101 MESH:D010275 MIAA:0000101 NCIT:C12764 SCTID:362496006 TAO:0001575 VHOG:0000755 Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_nervous_system ZFA:0001575 PNS - parasympathetic parasympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi parasympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia[GO]. GO:0048486 pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi FMA:9907 FMA:TA pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_nervous_system Part of peripheral nervous system that includes the somatic parts of the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. EFO:0000892 FMA:9904 MA:0002850 MAT:0000099 MIAA:0000099 NLXANAT:100301 Wikipedia:Somatic_nervous_system PNS - somatic somatic nervous system, somatic division somatic part of peripheral nervous system somatic peripheral nervous system somatic nervous system Part of peripheral nervous system that includes the somatic parts of the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. NLXANAT:100301 somatic nervous system, somatic division NLXANAT:100301 somatic part of peripheral nervous system UBERON:cjm somatic peripheral nervous system NLXANAT:100301 The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. AAO:0010487 BIRNLEX:2516 BTO:0001832 CALOHA:TS-2050 EFO:0000893 EHDAA2:0001971 EHDAA:3769 EMAPA:16985 FMA:9906 GAID:710 MA:0000225 MESH:D013564 MIAA:0000100 NCIT:C12795 SCTID:362484004 TAO:0001576 VHOG:0000384 Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system ZFA:0001576 pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi sympathetic nervous system sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi sympathetic nervous system The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]. GO:0048485 pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi FMA:9906 FMA:TA pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. EHDAA:6530 EV:0100152 FMA:86166 GAID:933 MA:0000151 MAT:0000284 MESH:D012867 MIAA:0000284 SCTID:20795001 VHOG:0000860 Wikipedia:Skin portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone zone of skin Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. Wikipedia:Skin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skin MA:0000151 A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. AEO:0000192 CARO:0000010 FMA:50705 anatomical boundary Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. non-material anatomical boundary A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. CARO:0000010 anatomical boundary CARO:0000010 The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. BTO:0000650 CALOHA:TS-1302 EFO:0002542 EMAPA:35305 EV:0100129 FMA:16018 MA:0001582 NCIT:C32509 SCTID:361339003 TAO:0001260 VHOG:0000049 Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans ZFA:0001260 endocrine pancreas pars endocrina pancreatis endocrine part of pancreas islets of Langerhans part of pancreas endocrine pancreas The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. GO:GO http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 endocrine part of pancreas BTO:0000650 The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. AAO:0010407 BTO:0000434 CALOHA:TS-1241 EMAPA:35328 EV:0100093 FMA:16017 MA:0002415 NCIT:C32546 SCTID:248202004 TAO:0001249 VHOG:0000048 Wikipedia:Exocrine_component_of_pancreas XAO:0000137 ZFA:0001249 exocrine pancreas pars exocrina pancreatis exocrine component of pancreas exocrine part of pancreas exocrine pancreas The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. GOC:GO http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 exocrine part of pancreas BTO:0000434 An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. eye AAO:0010340 BIRNLEX:1169 BTO:0004688 EHDAA2:0000484 EHDAA:936 EMAPA:16198 FMA:54448 MA:0000261 NCIT:C12401 SCTID:181143004 TAO:0000107 VHOG:0000275 XAO:0000179 ZFA:0000107 regio orbitalis vertebrate eye camera-type eye plus associated structures eyes orbital part of face orbital region camera-type eye An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. GO:0043010 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 eye FMA:54448 regio orbitalis FMA:54448 FMA:TA eyes TAO:0000107 orbital part of face FMA:54448 orbital region FMA:54448 An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. AEO:0000094 BSA:0000121 BTO:0000202 CALOHA:TS-2043 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:35955 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:D012679 NCIT:C33224 SCTID:244485009 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ sensillum Sinnesorgan sensor sense organ An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/549 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 organ of sense organ system OBOL:accepted organ of sensory organ system OBOL:accepted organ of sensory system OBOL:accepted sense organ system organ OBOL:automatic sensory organ system organ OBOL:automatic sensory system organ OBOL:accepted sensillum WBbt:0006929 Sinnesorgan BTO:0000202 Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales. CALOHA:TS-0051 FMA:71012 SCTID:276160000 skin appendage epidermal appendage epidermal growth cutaneous appendage Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skin appendage FMA:71012 Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. galen:Tube anatomical tube duct tube Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. AEO:0000193 BILA:0000018 BTO:0001492 CARO:0010003 EFO:0000799 EHDAA2:0003193 EV:0100155 HAO:0000144 MAT:0000023 MESH:D005121 MIAA:0000023 NCIT:C61460 VSAO:0000075 Wikipedia:Appendage XAO:0000218 appendages extremitaet extremity limbs/digits/tail appendage Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. CARO:DOS appendages XAO:0000218 extremitaet BTO:0001492 limbs/digits/tail MP:0000001 Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. BTO:0000784 CALOHA:TS-0579 EFO:0000872 EMAPA:35523 EV:0100050 FMA:5034 GAID:947 MA:0000139 MAT:0000442 MESH:D008198 NCIT:C12745 NCIT:C33027 SCTID:181756000 TAO_RETIRED:0005318 VHOG:0001273 Wikipedia:Lymph_node ZFA_RETIRED:0005318 galen:Lymphnode lymph gland nodus lymphaticus lymph node Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. BTO:0000784 lymph gland VHOG:0001273 nodus lymphaticus Wikipedia:Lymph_node A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. BTO:0002330 FMA:62517 NCIT:C32918 SCTID:298225002 Wikipedia:Lamina_propria lamina propria mucosa lamina propria mucosae tunica propria lamina propria A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. Wikipedia:Lamina_propria tunica propria BTO:0002330 A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. EMAPA:35877 FMA:265157 MA:0001858 NCIT:C49305 lamina propria mucosa of trachea lamina propria mucosa of windpipe lamina propria mucosae of trachea lamina propria mucosae of windpipe lamina propria of windpipe trachea lamina propria trachea lamina propria mucosa trachea lamina propria mucosae tracheal lamina propria windpipe lamina propria windpipe lamina propria mucosa windpipe lamina propria mucosae lamina propria of trachea A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of trachea OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of windpipe OBOL:automatic lamina propria of windpipe OBOL:automatic trachea lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic trachea lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic windpipe lamina propria OBOL:automatic windpipe lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic windpipe lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. AAO:0010335 AEO:0000106 BILA:0000115 BIRNLEX:1230 BTO:0000282 CALOHA:TS-0436 EFO:0000964 EHDAA2:0003106 EMAPA:31858 FMA:7154 GAID:61 HAO:0000397 MA:0000023 MAT:0000294 MESH:D006257 MIAA:0000294 NCIT:C12419 SCTID:302548004 SPD:0000016 TAO:0001114 TGMA:0000002 VHOG:0001644 WBbt:0005739 Wikipedia:Head XAO:0003024 ZFA:0001114 galen:Head head (volume) adult head cephalic area head The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. GO:0060322 Wikipedia:Head head (volume) FMA:7154 cephalic area SPD:0000016 Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. FMA:9581 GAID:19 MESH:D012704 NCIT:C13169 SCTID:362878009 TAO:0005425 Wikipedia:Serous_membrane ZFA:0005425 tunica serosa wall of serous sac serosa serous membrane Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. Wikipedia:Serous_membrane https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 tunica serosa FMA:9581 wall of serous sac FMA:9581 serosa Wikipedia:Serous_membrane Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. AEO:0000091 BTO:0001356 CALOHA:TS-1021 EHDAA2:0003091 EMAPA:35854 EV:0100149 FMA:9721 GAID:276 MA:0000115 MESH:D013710 NCIT:C13045 SCTID:256667004 VHOG:0001286 VSAO:0000073 Wikipedia:Tendon XAO:0000173 ZFA:0005647 galen:Tendon sinew tendo tendon Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000073 Wikipedia:Tendon http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 sinew Wikipedia:Tendon tendo Wikipedia:Tendon A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. AAO:0010426 AEO:0000135 BAMS:G BTO:0000497 CALOHA:TS-0397 EFO:0000899 EHDAA2:0003135 EHDAA:2897 EHDAA:4662 EHDAA:5621 EHDAA:918 EMAPA:32846 EV:0100372 FMA:5884 MA:0002406 MAT:0000207 MAT:0000343 MESH:D005724 MIAA:0000207 MIAA:0000343 NCIT:C12719 NLXANAT:100302 TAO:0000190 TGMA:0001016 VHOG:0000156 WBbt:0005189 Wikipedia:Ganglion XAO:0000209 ZFA:0000190 ganglia neural ganglion ganglion A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. Wikipedia:Ganglion https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 neural ganglion BTO:0000497 An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. TGMA:0000729 Wikipedia:Eye#Simple_eyes simple eye An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. Wikipedia:Eye#Simple_eyes A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. vessel A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. AAO:0010254 BTO:0001409 CALOHA:TS-1084 EFO:0000930 EHDAA2:0002139 EHDAA:9341 EMAPA:17950 EV:0100097 FMA:9704 GAID:438 MA:0000378 MAT:0000120 MESH:D014513 MIAA:0000120 NCIT:C12416 SCTID:302511008 VHOG:0000605 Wikipedia:Ureter XAO:0000144 galen:Ureter metanephric duct ureter Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. GO:0090189 Wikipedia:Ureter metanephric duct ISBN:0073040584 VHOG:0000605 The fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. BTO:0001426 CALOHA:TS-1132 EFO:0000931 EMAPA:30901 EV:0100099 FMA:19667 GAID:390 MA:0000379 MAT:0000121 MESH:D014521 MIAA:0000121 NCIT:C12417 SCTID:302513006 VHOG:0001264 Wikipedia:Urethra XAO:0000153 galen:Urethra urethra The fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. MGI:anna MP:0000537 A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. AAO:0011123 FMA:30320 NCIT:C12948 SCTID:91726008 TAO:0005171 Wikipedia:Duct_(anatomy) XAO:0004000 ZFA:0005171 galen:Duct anatomical duct exocrine duct exocrine gland duct ducts duct A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm#ducts ducts XAO:0004000 A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. AAO:0010396 BTO:0000706 CALOHA:TS-1306 EFO:0000840 EMAPA:19252 EV:0100077 FMA:7201 GAID:306 MA:0000333 MESH:D007420 MIAA:0000046 NCIT:C12379 SCTID:181254001 VHOG:0000054 Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy) XAO:0000131 galen:LargeIntestine intestinum crassum large intestine A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy) intestinum crassum BTO:0000706 Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. wall FMA:82482 galen:Wall wall of organ organ wall anatomical wall Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. FMA:82482 wall of organ FMA:82482 organ wall FMA:82482 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FMA:305751 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 SCTID:362889002 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 http://dbpedia.org/ontology/AnatomicalStructure biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 connected biological structure CARO:0000003 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. BIRNLEX:4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 NCIT:C13018 SCTID:272625005 WBbt:0003760 Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) anatomical unit body organ element organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) element http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. FMA:86140 organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ organ subunit A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 organ region with fixed fiat boundary FMA:86140 organ segment FMA:86140 segment of organ FMA:86140 A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. AAO:0011124 BIRNLEX:16 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 SCTID:113343008 SCTID:91717005 cardinal organ part regional part of organ organ part A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardinal organ part FMA:82472 regional part of organ BIRNLEX:16 Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts. EHDAA2:0001606 EHDAA:1568 EHDAA:2219 EMAPA:16737 FMA:265130 SCTID:361110005 VHOG:0000393 respiratory tract Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. adult stage BTO:0001043 BilaDO:0000004 EFO:0001272 FBdv:00005369 WBls:0000041 XtroDO:0000084 fully formed animal stage juvenile-adult stage fully formed stage The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. BilaDO:0000002 EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 FMA:72652 HsapDv:0000002 MmusDv:0000002 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 SCTID:296280003 WBls:0000003 WBls:0000092 WBls:0000102 XAO:1000012 embryonic stage embryogenesis embryo stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 End of the life of an organism. XAO:0000437 XtroDO:0000085 death death stage End of the life of an organism. XAO:0000437 An section of a respiratory tract. FMA:45660 MA:0000434 respiratory tract subdivision of respiratory tract proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract An section of a respiratory tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 respiratory tract MA:0000434 Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. BIRNLEX:1157 NCIT:C13040 SCTID:25087005 part of nervous system regional part of nervous system Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. BIRNLEX:1157 part of nervous system BIRNLEX:1157 A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO]. glomerulus BTO:0000530 CALOHA:TS-0862 EFO:0003667 EMAPA:28329 EV:0100386 FMA:15624 MA:0001657 MESH:D007678 NCIT:C13250 SCTID:362217000 TAO:0001288 Wikipedia:Glomerulus ZFA:0001288 renal glomeruli Malphigian glomerulus Malpighian glomerulus Malpighian tuft glomerular capillary tuft glomerular tuft glomerulus renis renal corpuscle renal glomerulus A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO]. MP:0005325 Wikipedia:Glomerulus renal glomeruli TAO:0001288 Malphigian glomerulus BTO:0000530 Malpighian glomerulus http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/malpighian+glomerulus Malpighian tuft http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/malpighian+glomerulus glomerular capillary tuft ZFA:0001288 glomerular tuft glomerulus renis Wikipedia:Glomerulus renal corpuscle Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. FMA:85544 NCIT:C34076 SCTID:118966000 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system subdivision skeletal system part subdivision of skeletal system Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeletal system subdivision FMA:85544 The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. EHDAA2:0001968 EHDAA:1494 EHDAA:350 EHDAA:4784 EHDAA:4790 EHDAA:4796 EHDAA:7860 EMAPA:16096 FMA:87656 NCIT:C34309 Wikipedia:External_ectoderm surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm external ectoderm The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. MGI:anna MP:0012532 surface ectoderm MP:0012532 An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa. BTO:0000082 CALOHA:TS-1310 EFO:0000970 EHDAA2:0001054 EHDAA:8136 EMAPA:17968 EV:0100101 FMA:45664 GAID:386 HAO:0000505 MA:0000396 MESH:D005837 NCIT:C12722 SCTID:361340001 TGMA:0000634 VHOG:0000725 Wikipedia:Male_reproductive_system_(human) XAO:0000155 genitalia of male organism male genital system male genitalia male genitals male organism genitalia male organism reproductive system reproductive system of male organism male genital organ male genital tract male reproductive tract systema genitale masculinum male reproductive system The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa. MP:0001145 genitalia of male organism OBOL:automatic male genital system FMA:45664 male organism genitalia OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic reproductive system of male organism OBOL:automatic male genital organ BTO:0000082 male reproductive tract MA:0000396 systema genitale masculinum BTO:0000082 The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. AAO:0010384 BTO:0001542 CALOHA:TS-0624 EFO:0000928 EHDAA2:0001130 EHDAA:1581 EHDAA:5903 EMAPA:16744 FMA:72171 GAID:1308 MESH:D001755 NCIT:C26467 SCTID:308799002 TAO:0000529 VHOG:0000038 Wikipedia:Mesonephros XAO:0000141 ZFA:0000529 Wolffian body mesonephric kidney mesonephroi amphibian adult kidney corpus Wolffi middle kidney opisthonephros opisto nephros opistonephros mesonephros The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. GO:0001823 Wikipedia:Mesonephros Wolffian body BTO:0001542 GOC:yaf MESH:A16.254.500 Wikipedia:Mesonephros mesonephric kidney XAO:0000141 mesonephroi http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron amphibian adult kidney XAO:0000141 corpus Wolffi BTO:0001542 middle kidney BTO:0001542 opisthonephros VHOG:0000038 XAO:0000141 opistonephros http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio/courses/bio205/bio205_26_sex.html In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]. BTO:0001543 EHDAA2:0001137 EHDAA:3089 EHDAA:5911 EMAPA:17373 EMAPA_RETIRED:17207 FMA:72172 NCIT:C34209 SCTID:308797000 VHOG:0000039 Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros metanephron definite kidney definitive kidney hind kidney metanephric kidney metanephros In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]. GO:0001656 Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros metanephron BTO:0001543 definite kidney BTO:0001543 definitive kidney BTO:0001543 hind kidney BTO:0001543 metanephric kidney VHOG:0000039 A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]. AAO:0010389 EHDAA2:0001134 EMAPA:16747 VHOG:0000500 Wikipedia:Mesonephric_tubules XAO:0000148 renal tubules tubuli mesonephrici mesonephric tubule A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]. Wikipedia:Mesonephric_tubules renal tubules VHOG:0000500 tubuli mesonephrici Wikipedia:Mesonephric_tubules An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP]. BTO:0001646 EHDAA2:0002140 EHDAA:3091 EHDAA:5917 EMAPA:17209 NCIT:C34207 SCTID:361528000 VHOG:0000541 Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud diverticulum diverticulum metanephricum gemma ureterica metanephric bud metanephric diverticulum ureteric ampulla ureteric diverticulum ureteric bud An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP]. MP:0010979 PMID:19828308 diverticulum BTO:0001646 diverticulum metanephricum Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud gemma ureterica Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud metanephric bud BTO:0001646 metanephric diverticulum Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros ureteric diverticulum VHOG:0000541 A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum. BTO:0001508 EHDAA2:0000005 FMA:292334 GAID:1295 MESH:D009028 NCIT:C34212 SCTID:361474003 Wikipedia:Morula morula (2-16 cells) morula A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum. MP:0012130 morula (2-16 cells) EHDAA2:0000005 A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. zona pellucida - vitelline membrane BTO:0003135 EHDAA2:0002220 EHDAA:31 EHDAA:62 EMAPA:16035 FMA:18674 GAID:410 MA:0001715 MESH:D015044 NCIT:C33896 TAO:0001111 Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida ZFA:0001111 oolemma pellucid zone striated membrane vitelline envelope vitelline membrane zona radiata zona striata zona pellucida A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida zona pellucida - vitelline membrane VHOG:0000720 oolemma BTO:0003135 pellucid zone BTO:0003135 striated membrane BTO:0003135 zona radiata BTO:0003135 zona striata BTO:0003135 A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. EFO:0000547 EHDAA2:0000830 EHDAA:40 EMAPA:16041 FMA:86557 NCIT:C13740 SCTID:361456007 VHOG:0000742 Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass ICM early embryoblast embryoblast embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior pluriblast inner cell mass A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:pvb ICM VHOG:0000742 early embryoblast FMA:86557 embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass The mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta. BTO:0001079 CALOHA:TS-1070 EV:0100120 FMA:83029 GAID:1152 MESH:D014327 NCIT:C93292 SCTID:362839005 Wikipedia:Trophoblast trophoblast layer massa cellularis externa trophoblastus trophoderm Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. [Wikipedia:Trophoblast] trophoblast The mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005031 trophoblast layer MP:0005031 massa cellularis externa Wikipedia:Trophoblast trophoblastus Wikipedia:Trophoblast trophoderm BTO:0001079 A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. embryonic disc embryonic shield germinal disc germinal disk FMA:293863 NCIT:C34112 Wikipedia:Bilaminar_disc bilaminary embryonic disc bilaminary germ disc bilaminar disk bilaminar disc A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. MP:0003886 embryonic disc MP:0003886 embryonic shield MP:0003886 germinal disc MP:0003886 germinal disk MP:0003886 bilaminary germ disc ISBN:9780878932504 bilaminar disk Wikipedia:Bilaminar_disc Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. BilaDO:0000003 OGES:000010 OGES:000014 OGES:000024 WBls:0000022 WBls:0000093 WBls:0000103 postembryonic stage post-hatching stage postembryonic post-embryonic stage Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. membrane FMA:7145 membrane of organ membrane organ Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. FMA:7145 Portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]. TAO:0002173 Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest XAO:0004190 ZFA:0001648 cardiac neural crest complex complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus cardiac neural crest Portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest cardiac neural crest complex Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]. EMAPA:36281 FMA:7311 MA:0003098 NCIT:C34021 SCTID:245524004 galen:LobeOfLung lung lobe pulminory lobe pulmonary lobe lobe of lung A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]. GOC:GO pulmonary lobe FMA:7311 The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. FMA:73750 lung vascular network pulmonary vasculature vascular network of lung vasculature of lung lung vasculature The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. GOC:GO lung vascular network OBOL:automatic pulmonary vasculature FMA:73750 vascular network of lung OBOL:automatic vasculature of lung OBOL:automatic An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism. FBdv:00000000 HsapDv:0000001 MmusDv:0000001 OGES:000011 ncithesaurus:Life entire life cycle entire lifespan life lifespan life cycle An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MESH:D008018 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage developmental stage stage life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. BILS:0000106 BilaDO:0000005 EFO:0001322 EHDAA:27 FBdv:00005288 NCIT:C12601 PdumDv:0000100 VHOG:0000745 Wikipedia:Zygote XAO:1000001 ZFS:0000001 1-cell stage fertilized egg stage one cell stage fertilized egg stage one-cell stage zygote zygotum zygote stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. Wikipedia:Zygote fertilized egg stage BTO:0000854 one-cell stage VHOG:0000745 zygote VHOG:0000745 zygotum Wikipedia:Zygote The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. BILS:0000107 BilaDO:0000006 EFO:0001290 FBdv:00000054 MESH:D002970 MmusDv:0000004 OGES:000015 OGES:000020 PdumDv:0000200 Wikipedia:Cleavage_(embryo) XAO:1000004 ZFS:0000046 cleavage stage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. GO:0040016 Wikipedia:Cleavage_(embryo) An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. BILS:0000108 BilaDO:0000007 EFO:0001282 HsapDv:0000006 MmusDv:0000007 OGES:000003 OGES:000016 OGES:000021 WBls:0000005 Wikipedia:Blastula XAO:1000003 ZFS:0000045 blastula stage An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. Wikipedia:Blastula A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. BILS:0000109 BilaDO:0000008 EFO:0001296 FBdv:00005317 HsapDv:0000010 MmusDv:0000013 OGES:000004 OGES:000019 WBls:0000010 XAO:1000005 ZFS:0000047 blastocystis trilaminaris stage trilaminar blastocyst stage trilaminar blastoderm stage trilaminar disk stage trilaminar germ stage trilaminar stage gastrula stage A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. GO:0007369 blastocystis trilaminaris stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar blastocyst stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar blastoderm stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar disk stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar germ stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. BILS:0000110 BilaDO:0000009 HsapDv:0000012 MmusDv:0000017 XAO:1000006 neurula stage Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. GO:0001841 A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. BILS:0000111 BilaDO:0000010 HsapDv:0000015 MmusDv:0000018 OGES:000005 OGES:000032 Wikipedia:Organogenesis segmentation stage organogenesis stage A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. Wikipedia:Organogenesis BILS:0000112 BTO:0002168 EFO:0001300 EV:0300051 MmusDv:0000043 OGES:000009 XAO:1000010 XtroDO:0000083 ZFS:0000051 immature stage juvenile stage subadult stage sexually immature stage immature stage VHOG:FB juvenile stage XAO:1000010 subadult stage http://eol.org/schema/terms/subadult The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal. adult stage BILS:0000113 EV:0300064 EV:0300070 MIAA:0000403 MmusDv:0000110 OGES:000026 OGES:000027 XAO:1000093 ZFS:0000044 post-juvenile adult stage The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. EMAPA:35521 FMA:27533 MA:0001782 SCTID:201609008 connective tissue of lung pulmonary interstitium lung interstitial tissue lung interstitium pulmonary connective tissue pulmonary interstitial tissue lung connective tissue The connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:anna MP:0002276 PMID:14635660 connective tissue of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary interstitium FMA:27533 lung interstitial tissue MA:0001782 pulmonary connective tissue EMAPA:35521 The epithelial layer of the lung. BTO:0001653 EMAPA:32860 MA:0001783 epithelial tissue of lung epithelium of lung lung epithelial tissue pulmonary epithelium lung epithelium The epithelial layer of the lung. MP:0006382 epithelial tissue of lung OBOL:automatic epithelium of lung OBOL:automatic lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic pulmonary epithelium BTO:0001653 A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. FMA:12224 segment of tracheobronchial tree respiratory conducting tube segment of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree segment airway respiratory tube A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. GO:0030323 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 segment of tracheobronchial tree FMA:12224 respiratory conducting tube MP:0004391 segment of tracheobronchial tree FMA:12224 tracheobronchial tree segment FMA:12224 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. BTO:0001643 EHDAA2:0004089 NCIT:C34260 NCIT:C34282 SCTID:361427007 Wikipedia:Respiratory_bud gemma pulmonalis gemma respiratoria lung bud primary lung bud respiratory diverticulum lung bud Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. GO:0060431 Wikipedia:Respiratory_bud gemma pulmonalis Wikipedia:Lung_buds gemma respiratoria Wikipedia:Lung_buds lung bud primary lung bud GO:0060572 respiratory diverticulum Wikipedia:Lung_buds A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 NLX:147821 funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle neuron projection bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 FBC:DOS FBbt:00005099 nerve fiber bundle FBbt:00005099 A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). nucleus AEO:0000136 FMA:83686 NCIT:C13197 NLX:28443 Wikipedia:Nucleus_(neuroanatomy) nervous system nucleus neuraxis nucleus neuronal nucleus nucleus of CNS nucleus of neuraxis neural nucleus A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). NLX:28443 neuraxis nucleus FMA:83686 neuronal nucleus AEO:0000136 nucleus of CNS NLX:28443 Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves. FMA:54501 NLX:28532 SCTID:280160003 Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus cranial neural nucleus nucleus of cranial nerve nucleus nervi cranialis cranial nerve nucleus Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves. NLX:28532 cranial neural nucleus FMA:54501 nucleus nervi cranialis Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus The group of motor neurons residing in the pons that innervate the muscles of facial expression. BAMS:7 BAMS:7N BAMS:VII BM:Pons-VII DHBA:12420 EHDAA2:0004638 EMAPA:35338 EV:0100267 FMA:54572 MA:0001014 MESH:D065828 NCIT:C12898 SCTID:280166009 VHOG:0001412 facial VII nucleus facial nerve nucleus nucleus of facial nerve facial VII motor nucleus facial nucleus The group of motor neurons residing in the pons that innervate the muscles of facial expression. ISBN:0838580343 MP:0000909 facial VII nucleus MA:0001014 nucleus of facial nerve FMA:54572 facial VII motor nucleus MA:0001014 anterior region of body posterior region of body membrane FMA:30322 FMA:82500 MESH:D008566 NCIT:C12749 membranous organ component membranous layer membranous organ component FMA:82500 The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. BTO:0001978 CALOHA:TS-2160 EMAPA:18256 FMA:15703 MA:0000330 NCIT:C12375 SCTID:245438008 Wikipedia:Anal_canal galen:AnalCanal anal canal anal canal viewed anatomically anatomical anal canal anal pad anus canalis analis cloaca cloacal chamber mesenteron pars analis recti anal canal The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. Wikipedia:Anal_canal canalis analis BTO:0001978 Wikipedia:Anal_canal pars analis recti BTO:0001978 Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. AAO:0000246 ANISEED:1235303 BSA:0000093 BTO:0000648 CALOHA:TS-0490 EFO:0000834 EMAPA:32874 EV:0100071 FMA:7199 GAID:295 MA:0000328 MA:0001524 MESH:D007422 MIAA:0000043 NCIT:C12736 SCTID:256876008 TAO:0001338 VHOG:0000056 WBbt:0005772 Wikipedia:Intestine XAO:0000129 ZFA:0001338 galen:Intestine bowel intestinal tract intestine Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. GOC:GO Wikipedia:Intestine Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. anatomical ostium ostium FMA:3724 SCTID:91837002 anatomical orifice hilum orifice Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. FMA:3724 anatomical ostium FMA:3724 anatomical orifice FMA:3724 Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. AAO:0000095 GAID:1206 MESH:D002988 NCIT:C34127 SCTID:362857006 SCTID:370631000 VHOG:0001186 Wikipedia:Cloaca XAO:0000244 ZFA:0005781 cloacal chamber vent cloaca Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Cloaca cloacal chamber AAO:0000095 vent XAO:0000244 Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. EHDAA2:0000256 EHDAA:4895 EMAPA:27573 Wikipedia:Cloaca_(embryology) cloaca embryonic cloaca Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. MP:0010115 Wikipedia:Cloaca_(embryology) cloaca The ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females. urogenital sinus EHDAA2:0004060 EHDAA:5029 EHDAA:5919 EMAPA:17379 NCIT:C34322 SCTID:50961009 VHOG:0000414 Wikipedia:Definitive_urogenital_sinus UGS fetal UGS sinus urogenitalis primitive urogenital sinus The ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010116 urogenital sinus MP:0010116 UGS MP:0010116 fetal UGS PMID:18977204 sinus urogenitalis The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 SCTID:21082005 TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 Wikipedia:Mouth XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 galen:Mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/images/lamprey_sucker_rosava_3238889218.jpg regio oralis adult mouth cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris mouth cavity oral region oral vestibule rima oris stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris mouth The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Wikipedia:Mouth https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract regio oralis BTO:0004698 FMA:49184 FMA:TA cavital oralis Wikipedia:Mouth cavitas oris BTO:0001090 cavum oris BTO:0001090 mouth cavity BTO:0001090 oral region EHDAA2:0001326 oral vestibule BTO:0001090 rima oris BTO:0001090 stomatodaeum VHOG:0000812 trophic apparatus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vestibule of mouth BTO:0001090 vestibulum oris BTO:0001090 The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. FMA:59806 oral fissure oral orifice mouth oral part of face oral opening The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract oral fissure FMA:59806 oral orifice FMA:59806 mouth Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present). AAO:0000053 AAO:0000960 BSA:0000107 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0001975 EHDAA2:0001324 EHDAA:6970 EMAPA:17411 EMAPA:18399 EV:0100057 FMA:20292 HAO:0000669 NCIT:C12421 SCTID:181220002 TAO:0001027 TGMA:0000102 VHOG:0000188 WBbt:0005255 XAO:0000126 ZFA:0001027 buccal cavity cavity of mouth bucca oral cavity Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present). ISBN:0073040584 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 buccal cavity FMA:20292 ISBN:0073040584 A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. FMA:222905 segment of colon proximal-distal subdivision of colon A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 segment of colon FMA:222905 1 1 The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. FMA:68877 lungs lungs pair pulmones set of lungs pair of lungs The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pulmones FMA:68877 FMA:TA Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. SCTID:272626006 SPD:0000428 TGMA:0001247 apparatus respiratorius organ breathing organ organ of apparatus respiratorius organ of respiratory system respiratory organ respiratory system organ gas exchange organ respiration organ Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. GO:0007585 apparatus respiratorius organ OBOL:automatic organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system organ OBOL:automatic Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid. BTO:0000068 CALOHA:TS-0034 EMAPA:36771 ENVO:02000021 EV:0100123 FMA:305905 GAID:1155 MA:0002893 MESH:D000653 NCIT:C13188 VHOG:0001267 acqua amnii liquor amnii amniotic fluid Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid. ENVO:02000021 MP:MP acqua amnii BTO:0000068 liquor amnii BTO:0000068 A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. AEO:0000184 BTO:0000491 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003184 ENVO:02000022 FMA:9674 galen:Excretion excreted substance portion of excreted substance waste substance excretion excreta A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. GO:0007588 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 portion of excreted substance FMA:9674 waste substance AEO:0000184 excretion BTO:0000491 Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. ENVO:02000038 Wikipedia:Pus galen:Pus ncithesaurus:Pus purulent exudate pus Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. ENVO:02000038 Wikipedia:Pus A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. AAO:0000046 BTO:0000089 CALOHA:TS-0079 EFO:0000296 EHDAA2:0000176 EHDAA:418 EMAPA:16332 ENVO:02000027 EV:0100047 FMA:9670 GAID:965 MA:0000059 MESH:D001769 MIAA:0000315 NCIT:C12434 TAO:0000007 VHOG:0000224 Wikipedia:Blood XAO:0000124 ZFA:0000007 galen:Blood portion of blood vertebrate blood whole blood blood A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. FMA:9670 Wikipedia:Blood http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/9 whole blood BTO:0000089 Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. CARO:0000081 blood or blood analog circulating fluid haemolymphatic fluid Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Dorsal part (roof region) of the telencephalon[GO]. BTO:0003399 DMBA:15903 EFO:0003534 SCTID:369224000 TAO:0000505 TAO:0007007 Wikipedia:Avian_pallium Wikipedia:Pallium_(neuroanatomy) ZFA:0000505 neuronames:3240 area dorsalis telencephali dorsal part of telencephalon dorsal telencephalic area dorsal telencephalon pallium Dorsal part (roof region) of the telencephalon[GO]. GO:0021543 ISBN:0471888893 Wikipedia:Pallium_(neuroanatomy) https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/287 area dorsalis telencephali ZFA:0000505 dorsal part of telencephalon ISBN:0471888893 dorsal telencephalic area ZFA:0000505 dorsal telencephalon ZFA:0000505 The bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit. AAO:0000206 EMAPA:19016 FMA:52734 GAID:226 MA:0001466 MESH:D005624 NCIT:C32635 SCTID:181793006 VSAO:0000208 Wikipedia:Frontal_bone frontal frontal bone os frontal os frontale tetrapod frontal bone The bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000107 PMID:7914451 Wikipedia:Frontal_bone frontal AAO:0000206 frontal bone FMA:52734 MA:0001466 os frontal Wikipedia:Frontal_bone os frontale Wikipedia:Frontal_bone Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. CALOHA:TS-2145 EFO:0001966 EMAPA:35493 FMA:21496 FMA:30319 MA:0000113 MESH:D008022 NCIT:C13046 SCTID:182358004 TAO:0001682 VHOG:0001272 Wikipedia:Ligament XAO:0004031 ZFA:0001675 galen:Ligament ligament organ ligament Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000073 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 ligament organ FMA:21496 A neural arch that is part of a vertebral bone 2. FMA:24053 vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 2 vertebral arch of axis A neural arch that is part of a vertebral bone 2. OBOL:automatic FMA:24293 SCTID:281228008 Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy)#Vertebral_foramen vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 1 vertebral foramen of atlas The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital. FMA:24939 NCIT:C32158 SCTID:361831006 Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint-Atlanto articulatio atlanto-occipitalis atlanto occipital joint atlantooccipital joint craniovertebral joint occipito atlantal joint occipito-atlantal joint articulatio atlantooccipitalis atlanto-occipital joint The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital. Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint articulatio atlanto-occipitalis FMA:24939 craniovertebral joint FMA:24939 articulatio atlantooccipitalis Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath. BTO:0000051 FMA:45087 FMA:76715 NCIT:C96299 SCTID:361885006 Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath synovial tendon sheath vagina tendinis tendon sheath A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath. Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath synovial tendon sheath FMA:45087 vagina tendinis Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath The thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected. BTO:0000065 CALOHA:TS-0033 EHDAA2:0000116 EHDAA:136 EMAPA:16109 EV:0100122 FMA:80223 GAID:1298 MESH:D000650 NCIT:C12365 SCTID:181457005 VHOG:0000721 Wikipedia:Amnion amnios amnion The thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected. MGI:csmith MP:0005029 amnios http://placentation.ucsd.edu/glossfs.html Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. BILA:0000059 BTO:0000128 GAID:1294 MESH:D036703 OGEM:000006 Wikipedia:Blastula blastula embryo blastosphere blastula Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. Wikipedia:Blastula blastula embryo BILA:0000059 blastosphere Wikipedia:Blastula The external portion of an animal body derived from ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity. BTO:0000139 EMAPA:32761 FMA:10427 SCTID:281483004 galen:BodyWall wall fo trunk trunk wall wall of trunk body wall The external portion of an animal body derived from ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity. MP:0003385 wall fo trunk FMA:10427 trunk wall FMA:10427 wall of trunk FMA:10427 The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism. BTO:0000149 CALOHA:TS-2083 EV:0100124 FMA:9601 GAID:33 MESH:D001940 NCIT:C12971 SCTID:181131000 Wikipedia:Breast galen:Breast mammary part of chest mammary region mamma breast The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism. Wikipedia:Breast mammary part of chest FMA:9601 mammary region FMA:9601 mamma Wikipedia:Breast Cartilage pertaining to the tibia. BTO:0000207 FMA:33923 tibial cartilage cartilage of tibia portion of cartilage tissue in tibia Cartilage pertaining to the tibia. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource cartilage of tibia FMA:33923 A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000213 FMA:14998 caecum mucosa caecum mucosa of organ caecum mucous membrane caecum organ mucosa cecal mucosa cecum mucosa of organ cecum mucous membrane cecum organ mucosa intestinum crassum caecum mucosa intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa mucosa of caecum mucosa of cecum mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ of caecum mucosa of organ of cecum mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane of caecum mucous membrane of cecum mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa of caecum organ mucosa of cecum organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum cecum mucosa A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic caecum mucosa OBOL:automatic caecum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic caecum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic caecum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic cecal mucosa FMA:14998 cecum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic cecum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic cecum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum mucosa OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of caecum OBOL:automatic mucosa of cecum OBOL:automatic mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of caecum OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cecum OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of caecum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cecum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of caecum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cecum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands[BTO]. Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation[WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus. BTO:0000242 FMA:83689 MESH:D002582 Wikipedia:Mucus#Reproductive_system cervix mucus cervical mucus A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands[BTO]. Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation[WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus. BTO:0000242 Wikipedia:Cervix#Cervical_mucus Wikipedia:Mucus#Reproductive_system cervix mucus OBOL:automatic Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. BTO:0000271 CALOHA:TS-0164 EFO:0003038 EMAPA:27375 FMA:14984 FMA:85388 MA:0003194 SCTID:362157008 colon mucosa colon mucous membrane colonic mucosa colonic mucous membrane large bowel mucosa mucosa of colon mucosa of large bowel colonic mucosa Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 colon mucosa FMA:14984 colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic colonic mucous membrane FMA:14984 large bowel mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of colon FMA:14984 mucosa of large bowel OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000367 CALOHA:TS-0213 EMAPA:27235 FMA:14942 MA:0003207 SCTID:362146003 doudenal mucosa duodenal mucous membrane mucosa of duodenum mucous membrane of duodenum duodenum mucosa duodenal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic doudenal mucosa FMA:14942 duodenal mucous membrane FMA:14942 mucosa of duodenum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of duodenum OBOL:automatic duodenum mucosa BTO:0000367 An embryo that is at the late embryonic stage; this stage covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. BTO:0000449 CALOHA:TS-0360 EFO:0001323 FMA:63919 GAID:552 MESH:D005333 NCIT:C13235 SCTID:83418008 fetus embryo late growth stage embryo late stage late embryo An embryo that is at the late embryonic stage; this stage covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 fetus BTO:0000449 embryo late growth stage BTO:0000449 embryo late stage BTO:0000449 The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. BTO:0000503 EMAPA:27181 FMA:14919 gastric gland The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. MGI:anna Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. BTO:0000504 CALOHA:TS-2235 FMA:62973 GAID:1166 MESH:D010189 pancreatic fluid pancreatic secretion succus pancreaticus pancreatic juice Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach. GO:0030157 succus pancreaticus BTO:0000504 The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). BTO:0000547 FMA:45653 digestive tract wall wall of digestive tract wall of gut wall of alimentary tract gut wall The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 wall of gut FMA:45653 A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000619 CALOHA:TS-0470 EMAPA:35424 FMA:14956 MA:0003216 SCTID:85458007 ileal mucous membrane ileum mucosa ileum mucosa of organ ileum mucous membrane ileum organ mucosa mucosa of ileum mucosa of organ of ileum mucous membrane of ileum organ mucosa of ileum ileal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic ileal mucous membrane FMA:14956 ileum mucosa FMA:14956 OBOL:automatic ileum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ileum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic ileum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of ileum OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ileum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ileum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ileum OBOL:automatic Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network. BTO:0000635 FMA:74596 SCTID:328639002 SCTID:5023006 medulla ossium flava yellow marrow fat marrow yellow bone marrow Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Yellow+Marrow medulla ossium flava BTO:0000635 yellow marrow BTO:0000635 fat marrow BTO:0000635 A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]. BTO:0000640 FMA:15052 SCTID:266297002 bowel mucosa gland bowel mucosa of organ gland bowel mucous membrane gland bowel organ mucosa gland gland of bowel mucosa gland of bowel mucosa of organ gland of bowel mucous membrane gland of bowel organ mucosa gland of intestinal mucosa gland of intestine mucosa gland of intestine mucosa of organ gland of intestine mucous membrane gland of intestine organ mucosa gland of mucosa of bowel gland of mucosa of intestine gland of mucosa of organ of bowel gland of mucosa of organ of intestine gland of mucous membrane of bowel gland of mucous membrane of intestine gland of organ mucosa of bowel gland of organ mucosa of intestine glandula intestinalis intestinal mucosa gland intestine mucosa gland intestine mucosa of organ gland intestine mucous membrane gland intestine organ mucosa gland mucosa of bowel gland mucosa of intestine gland mucosa of organ of bowel gland mucosa of organ of intestine gland mucous membrane of bowel gland mucous membrane of intestine gland organ mucosa of bowel gland organ mucosa of intestine gland glandulae intestinales intestinal gland A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bowel mucosa gland OBOL:automatic bowel mucosa of organ gland OBOL:automatic bowel mucous membrane gland OBOL:automatic bowel organ mucosa gland OBOL:automatic gland of bowel mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of bowel mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gland of bowel mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gland of bowel organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of intestinal mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of intestine mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of intestine mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gland of intestine mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gland of intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of bowel OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of intestine OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of organ of bowel OBOL:automatic gland of mucosa of organ of intestine OBOL:automatic gland of mucous membrane of bowel OBOL:automatic gland of mucous membrane of intestine OBOL:automatic gland of organ mucosa of bowel OBOL:automatic gland of organ mucosa of intestine OBOL:automatic glandula intestinalis FMA:15052 intestinal mucosa gland OBOL:automatic intestine mucosa gland OBOL:automatic intestine mucosa of organ gland OBOL:automatic intestine mucous membrane gland OBOL:automatic intestine organ mucosa gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of bowel gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of intestine gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bowel gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intestine gland OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bowel gland OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intestine gland OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bowel gland OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intestine gland OBOL:automatic In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000828 FMA:228738 NCIT:C54272 Wikipedia:Throat gula throat In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Throat gula A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 NCIT:C13166 SCTID:361693009 Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa mucosa A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane mucosa of organ FMA:85355 mucosa of organ part FMA:85358 mucosal region FMA:85358 mucous membrane FMA:85355 organ mucosa FMA:85355 region of mucosa FMA:85358 tunica mucosa BTO:0000886 Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead. AAO:0010648 BTO:0000926 EHDAA2:0002088 EHDAA:3744 EMAPA:17800 FMA:52621 GAID:837 MA:0001104 MESH:D009882 NCIT:C33215 SCTID:280210000 VHOG:0001349 Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve cranial nerve V, branch V1 first branch of fifth cranial nerve first division of fifth cranial nerve first division of trigeminal nerve nervus ophthalmicus (V1) nervus ophthalmicus (Va) nervus ophthalmicus [v1] nervus ophthalmicus [va] ophthalmic division [V1] ophthalmic division [Va] ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1) ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va) ophthalmic nerve [V1] ophthalmic nerve [Va] opthalmic nerve ramus opthalmicus profundus (ramus V1) rostral branch of trigeminal nerve trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division ciliary nerve ethmoidal nerve ophthalmic division profundal nerve profundus profundus nerve trigeminal nerve ophthalmic division Terminology notes. This nerve is known by a ridiculous number of names[http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html] ophthalmic nerve The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead. MP:0009798 Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve cranial nerve V, branch V1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 first branch of fifth cranial nerve http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 first division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52621 first division of trigeminal nerve FMA:52621 nervus ophthalmicus (V1) FMA:52621 nervus ophthalmicus (Va) FMA:52621 nervus ophthalmicus [v1] FMA:52621 FMA:TA nervus ophthalmicus [va] FMA:52621 FMA:TA ophthalmic division [V1] FMA:52621 ophthalmic division [Va] FMA:52621 ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52621 ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1) FMA:52621 ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va) FMA:52621 ophthalmic nerve [V1] FMA:52621 ophthalmic nerve [Va] FMA:52621 opthalmic nerve Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve ramus opthalmicus profundus (ramus V1) AAO:0010648 rostral branch of trigeminal nerve http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division MA:0001104 ciliary nerve http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html ethmoidal nerve Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve ophthalmic division BTO:0000926 Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve profundal nerve http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 profundus http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html profundus nerve http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html trigeminal nerve ophthalmic division EMAPA:17800 A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. BTO:0000928 CALOHA:TS-1307 FMA:242000 GAID:615 MESH:D008032 NCIT:C94541 SCTID:361342009 Wikipedia:Limbic_system neuronames:2055 visceral brain includes the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, and limbic cortex, which support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, and olfaction [Wikipedia] limbic system A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. BIRNLEX:Limbic_system Wikipedia:Limbic_system visceral brain ISBN:0123813611 A fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebrae. BTO:0000952 EMAPA:19207 FMA:13427 SCTID:166962007 Wikipedia:Nuchal_ligament ligament of neck ligamentum nuchae paddywhack paxwax nuchal ligament A fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebrae. Wikipedia:Nuchal_ligament ligament of neck FMA:13427 ligamentum nuchae FMA:13427 paddywhack NCBITaxon:9895 Wikipedia:Paddywhack Functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. EHDAA:3015 EHDAA:3905 EHDAA:3999 EHDAA:4005 EHDAA:6899 EHDAA:6903 EHDAA:6994 EHDAA:8086 EHDAA:9182 EHDAA:9190 EHDAA:9196 EHDAA:9202 FMA:45732 NCIT:C74601 Wikipedia:Parenchyma parenchyma Functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. Wikipedia:Parenchyma A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001047 EMAPA:26957 FMA:55031 MA:0003143 SCTID:362121003 mucosa of organ of pharynx mucosa of pharynx mucous membrane of pharynx organ mucosa of pharynx pharynx mucosa pharynx mucosa of organ pharynx mucous membrane pharynx organ mucosa tunica mucosa pharyngea tunica mucosa pharyngis mucous membrane of the pharynx pharyngeal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pharynx FMA:55031 OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa pharyngea FMA:55031 FMA:TA mucous membrane of the pharynx BTO:0001047 The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. BTO:0001099 CALOHA:TS-0076 EFO:0000295 EMAPA:36035 EV:0100394 FMA:83041 GAID:1153 MESH:D001755 NCIT:C13739 SCTID:308837009 Wikipedia:Blastocyst blastocystis blastula blastocyst The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. GO:0001824 Wikipedia:Blastocyst blastocystis Wikipedia:Blastocyst blastula FMA:83041 The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream. BTO:0001160 FMA:74595 SCTID:328538003 SCTID:75330005 medulla ossium rubra parenchymal red marrow red marrow parenchyma of none marrow marrow red bone marrow The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/red+marrow medulla ossium rubra BTO:0001160 parenchymal red marrow http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 red marrow BTO:0001160 parenchyma of none marrow marrow http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The inner portion of the kidney consisting of the renal pyramids. BTO:0001167 CALOHA:TS-1157 EMAPA:19279 GAID:425 MA:0000373 MESH:D007679 NCIT:C12740 SCTID:30737000 Wikipedia:Renal_medulla galen:MedullaOfKidney kidney medulla medulla of kidney medulla renalis pyramides renales renal medullae renal medullae set renal pyramids renal pyramids set medullary pyramids renal marrow Note that 'renal medulla' is not synonymous with 'medullary region of kidney'. The former is composed of kidney pyramids only, while the latter covers kidney pyramids and renal columns, which are histologically different. renal medulla The inner portion of the kidney consisting of the renal pyramids. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:smb MP:0003014 kidney medulla OBOL:automatic medulla of kidney OBOL:automatic medulla renalis FMA:74268 FMA:TA pyramides renales FMA:74268 FMA:TA renal medullae FMA:86327 renal medullae set FMA:86327 renal pyramids FMA:74268 renal pyramids set FMA:74268 medullary pyramids FMA:74268 renal marrow BTO:0001167 Extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated). BTO:0001335 EHDAA:129 EHDAA:91 EMAPA:16068 FMA:83040 NCIT:C33918 SCTID:256965005 Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast syncytial trophoblast syntrophoblast layer syncitiotrophoblast syncitiotrophoblastus syntrophoblast syncytiotrophoblast Extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated). Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/placenta5.htm syncytial trophoblast FMA:83040 syntrophoblast layer ISBN:0073040584 syncitiotrophoblastus Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast The motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. AAO:0010688 AAO:0010703 BTO:0001375 EHDAA2:0002086 EMAPA:17798 FMA:52996 GAID:834 MA:0001101 MESH:D008340 NCIT:C32779 SCTID:280212008 VHOG:0001345 Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve inferior maxillary nerve mandibular division [V3] mandibular division [Vc] mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3] mandibular nerve [V3] mandibular nerve [Vc] nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3] nervus mandibularis [v3] nervus mandibularis [vc] ramus mandibularis (ramus V3) third division of fifth cranial nerve third division of trigeminal nerve trigeminal V nerve mandibular division n. mandibularis nervus mandibularis trigeminal nerve mandibular division mandibular nerve The motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. MP:0009800 Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve inferior maxillary nerve FMA:52996 mandibular division [V3] FMA:52996 mandibular division [Vc] FMA:52996 mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52996 mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3] FMA:52996 mandibular nerve [V3] FMA:52996 mandibular nerve [Vc] FMA:52996 nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3] FMA:52996 nervus mandibularis [v3] FMA:52996 FMA:TA nervus mandibularis [vc] FMA:52996 FMA:TA ramus mandibularis (ramus V3) AAO:0010688 third division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52996 third division of trigeminal nerve FMA:52996 trigeminal V nerve mandibular division MA:0001101 n. mandibularis Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve nervus mandibularis BTO:0001375 trigeminal nerve mandibular division EMAPA:17798 The part of the hindlimb between pelvis and the knee, corresponding to the femur. BTO:0001376 CALOHA:TS-2039 EFO:0001943 EHDAA2:0002130 EHDAA:5171 EHDAA:6200 EMAPA:17499 FMA:24967 GAID:50 MA:0000052 MESH:D013848 NCIT:C33763 SCTID:302544002 VHOG:0000349 Wikipedia:Thigh galen:Thigh hind limb stylopod hind limb stylopodium hind propodium hindlimb propodium hindlimb stylopod hindlimb stylopodium proximal segment of free lower limb stylopod of hind limb stylopod of hindlimb stylopod of lower limb thigh upper leg femur hindlimb stylopod The part of the hindlimb between pelvis and the knee, corresponding to the femur. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hind limb stylopod OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopodium VHOG:0000349 hind propodium AAO:0000887 hindlimb propodium AAO:0000887 hindlimb stylopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopodium OBOL:automatic proximal segment of free lower limb FMA:24967 stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic upper leg MA:0000052 femur Wikipedia:Thigh The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. AAO:0010670 BTO:0001378 EHDAA2:0002087 EMAPA:17799 FMA:52724 GAID:836 MA:0001103 MESH:D008442 SCTID:280211001 VHOG:0001346 Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve maxillary division [V2] maxillary division [Vb] maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) maxillary nerve [V2] maxillary nerve [Vb] nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) nervus maxillaris [v2] nervus maxillaris [vb] ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) second division of fifth cranial nerve second division of trigeminal nerve trigeminal V nerve maxillary division n. maxillaris nervus maxillaris trigeminal nerve maxillary division maxillary nerve The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. MP:0009799 Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve maxillary division [V2] FMA:52724 maxillary division [Vb] FMA:52724 maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52724 maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) FMA:52724 maxillary nerve [V2] FMA:52724 maxillary nerve [Vb] FMA:52724 nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) FMA:52724 nervus maxillaris [v2] FMA:52724 FMA:TA nervus maxillaris [vb] FMA:52724 FMA:TA ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) AAO:0010670 second division of fifth cranial nerve FMA:52724 second division of trigeminal nerve FMA:52724 trigeminal V nerve maxillary division MA:0001103 n. maxillaris Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve nervus maxillaris BTO:0001378 trigeminal nerve maxillary division EMAPA:17799 The muscular portion of the tongue. BTO:0001386 EHDAA2:0002065 EHDAA:9146 EMAPA:17883 FMA:46689 MA:0001596 NCIT:C49301 NCIT:C52707 SCTID:244781004 VHOG:0001390 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue muscle of tongue muscle organ of tongue skeletal muscle tissue of tongue tongue skeletal muscle tongue skeletal muscle tissue musculi linguae tongue muscle The muscular portion of the tongue. MP:0004136 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue muscle of tongue FMA:46689 muscle organ of tongue OBOL:accepted skeletal muscle tissue of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic tongue skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic musculi linguae Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. BTO:0001390 FMA:7471 SCTID:660006 mucosa of organ of trachea mucosa of organ of windpipe mucosa of trachea mucosa of windpipe mucous membrane of trachea mucous membrane of windpipe organ mucosa of trachea organ mucosa of windpipe trachea mucosa trachea mucosa of organ trachea mucous membrane trachea organ mucosa tracheal mucous membrane tunica mucosa (tracheae) tunica mucosa tracheae windpipe mucosa windpipe mucosa of organ windpipe mucous membrane windpipe organ mucosa tracheal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of trachea OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of windpipe OBOL:automatic mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of trachea FMA:7471 OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of windpipe OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic trachea mucosa OBOL:automatic trachea mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic trachea mucous membrane OBOL:automatic trachea organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tracheal mucous membrane FMA:7471 tunica mucosa (tracheae) FMA:7471 tunica mucosa tracheae FMA:7471 FMA:TA windpipe mucosa OBOL:automatic windpipe mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic windpipe mucous membrane OBOL:automatic windpipe organ mucosa OBOL:automatic Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP]. BTO:0001458 FMA:59155 MESH:D001050 NCIT:C32132 SCTID:399916008 Wikipedia:Apocrine_sweat_gland glandula sudorifera apocrina apocrine sweat gland Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP]. PMID:18489347 Wikipedia:Apocrine_sweat_gland glandula sudorifera apocrina Wikipedia:Apocrine_sweat_gland The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. AAO:0000307 BILA:0000088 BTO:0001369 BTO:0001485 EFO:0000801 FMA:72954 MA:0002888 MAT:0000025 MIAA:0000025 VSAO:0000033 XAO:0004042 muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system set of all muscles set of muscles of body vertebrate muscular system muskelsystem musculature of body The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0000033 muscular system FMA:72954 musculature system BILA:0000088 set of all muscles FMA:72954 set of muscles of body FMA:72954 vertebrate muscular system BTO:0001369 muskelsystem BTO:0001485 Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. BTO:0001632 CALOHA:TS-0542 FMA:58970 MESH:D007904 SCTID:280626006 cortex of lens lens cortex Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lens+cortex cortex of lens FMA:58970 The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. BTO:0001633 FMA:58971 MESH:D007907 SCTID:280628007 nucleus of lens lens nucleus The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. BTO:0001633 nucleus of lens FMA:58971 An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001709 CALOHA:TS-0163 EMAPA:18941 FMA:17302 MA:0003195 SCTID:42978003 TAO:0005128 ZFA:0005128 colon epithelial tissue colon epithelium epithelial tissue of colon epithelial tissue of large bowel epithelium of colon epithelium of large bowel large bowel epithelial tissue large bowel epithelium posterior intestine epithelium colonic epithelium An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic colon epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic colon epithelium FMA:17302 OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of colon OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of large bowel OBOL:automatic epithelium of colon OBOL:automatic epithelium of large bowel OBOL:automatic large bowel epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic large bowel epithelium OBOL:automatic posterior intestine epithelium ZFA:0005128 Any portion of cartilage tissue that is part of the sternum. FMA:32567 cartilage of sternum Examples: cartilage of manubrium, cartilage of xiphoid process cartilage tissue of sternum Any portion of cartilage tissue that is part of the sternum. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cartilage of sternum FMA:32567 A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001742 CALOHA:TS-0495 EMAPA:27109 FMA:14949 MA:0003214 SCTID:362151009 jejunal mucous membrane jejunum mucosa jejunum mucosa of organ jejunum mucous membrane jejunum organ mucosa mucosa of jejunum mucosa of organ of jejunum mucous membrane of jejunum organ mucosa of jejunum jejunal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic jejunal mucous membrane FMA:14949 jejunum mucosa FMA:14949 jejunum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic jejunum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic jejunum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of jejunum FMA:14949 mucosa of organ of jejunum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of jejunum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of jejunum OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a jejunum. BTO:0001743 CALOHA:TS-0494 EMAPA:18668 FMA:17232 MA:0003215 SCTID:57300004 epithelium of jejunum jejunal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a jejunum. OBOL:automatic The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It's enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin. The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called nasal cavity proper. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001761 CALOHA:TS-0660 FMA:59644 SCTID:278940000 Wikipedia:Nasal_vestibule vestibular part of nasal cavity vestibulum nasale vestibulum nasi nasal vestibule The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It's enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin. The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called nasal cavity proper. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nasal_vestibule vestibular part of nasal cavity FMA:59644 vestibulum nasale BTO:0001761 vestibulum nasi BTO:0001761 Wikipedia:Nasal_vestibule A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. BTO:0001837 FMA:62889 Wikipedia:Serous_gland serous gland A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001846 FMA:62652 SCTID:30802009 bronchi mucosa bronchi mucosa of organ bronchi mucous membrane bronchi organ mucosa bronchial trunk mucosa bronchial trunk mucosa of organ bronchial trunk mucous membrane bronchial trunk organ mucosa bronchus mucosa bronchus mucosa of organ bronchus mucous membrane bronchus organ mucosa mucosa of bronchi mucosa of bronchial trunk mucosa of bronchus mucosa of organ of bronchi mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk mucosa of organ of bronchus mucous membrane of bronchi mucous membrane of bronchial trunk mucous membrane of bronchus organ mucosa of bronchi organ mucosa of bronchial trunk organ mucosa of bronchus tunica mucosa bronchi bronchial mucosa A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bronchi mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchi mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bronchi mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bronchi organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk organ mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchus mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bronchus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bronchus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchi OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic mucosa of bronchus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchi OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bronchus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchi OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bronchus FMA:62652 OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchi OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bronchus OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa bronchi FMA:62652 FMA:TA A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. AAO:0010601 BTO:0001979 FMA:62888 Wikipedia:Mucous_gland glandula mucosa muciparous gland mucous secreting gland mucus gland mucus-secreting gland mucous gland A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm glandula mucosa Wikipedia:Mucous_gland muciparous gland BTO:0001979 An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002009 FMA:14155 galen:ArterialWall arterial wall wall of artery artery wall An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic arterial wall FMA:14155 wall of artery FMA:14155 The prostate epithelium. BTO:0002397 CALOHA:TS-2065 EMAPA:35711 FMA:66812 FMA:79643 MA:0001737 NCIT:C13103 epithelial tissue of prostate epithelial tissue of prostate gland epithelium of prostate epithelium of prostate gland epithelium of prostatic gland prostate epithelial tissue prostate gland epithelial tissue prostate gland epithelium prostatic epithelium prostatic gland epithelium prostate epithelium The prostate epithelium. MP:0001168 epithelial tissue of prostate OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of prostate gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of prostate OBOL:automatic epithelium of prostate gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of prostatic gland FMA:79643 prostate epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic prostate gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic prostatic epithelium FMA:66812 A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. BTO:0002501 FMA:85273 Wikipedia:Trabecula trabeculae trabecula A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]. GO:0060343 Wikipedia:Trabecula trabeculae A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. BTO:0002679 FMA:14341 MA:0002220 NCIT:C52697 SCTID:53500001 right spermatic vein vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra vena testicularis dextra vena testicularis sinistra right testicular vein A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource right spermatic vein MA:0002220 vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra FMA:14341 vena testicularis dextra BTO:0002679 vena testicularis sinistra BTO:0002680 A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. secretion AEO:0001005 BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 EMAPA:36535 FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:D012634 NCIT:C34062 galen:Secretion bodily secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion secretion of exocrine gland A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 secretion FMA:9675 bodily secretion MESH:D012634 exocrine gland fluid/secretion MA:0002504 external secretion BTO:0002977 Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses. BTO:0002996 FMA:70527 cavernous branch of cavernous part of internal carotid artery ramus sinus cavernosi (pars cavernosa) (arteria carotis interna) cavernous artery Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses. BTO:0002996 cavernous branch of cavernous part of internal carotid artery FMA:70527 ramus sinus cavernosi (pars cavernosa) (arteria carotis interna) FMA:70527 FMA:TA The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity. BTO:0003002 FMA:86485 NCIT:C12309 SCTID:264460007 endocervix The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity. BTO:0003002 An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0003083 FMA:17560 SCTID:245485002 anatomical wall of uterus uterus anatomical wall uterus wall wall of uterus uterine wall An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of uterus OBOL:automatic uterus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic uterus wall OBOL:automatic wall of uterus OBOL:automatic Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 NCIT:C13236 SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 galen:BodySubstance body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance organism substance Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 body fluid or substance MA:0002450 body substance FMA:9669 organism substance CARO:0000004 portion of body substance FMA:9669 portion of organism substance ZFA:0001487 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 NCIT:C94478 TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 lumen space anatomical spaces anatomical space Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 anatomical spaces ZFA:0001643 Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 Anatomical entity that has no mass. AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity immaterial anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 immaterial physical anatomical entity FMA:67112 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BIRNLEX:14 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 NCIT:C12919 SCTID:278195005 TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 Wikipedia:Organ_system XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 galen:AnatomicalSystem body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems anatomical system Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. CARO:0000011 system GO:0048731 body system BIRNLEX:14 connected anatomical system CARO:0000011 anatomical systems ZFA:0001439 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism AAO:0010026 AEO:0000191 BILA:0000012 BIRNLEX:18 BSA:0000038 BTO:0000042 CARO:0000012 EFO:0002906 EHDAA2:0003103 EHDAA2:0003191 EHDAA:1 EMAPA:25765 EV:0100016 FMA:256135 HAO:0000012 NCIT:C13041 SCTID:243928005 TADS:0000001 TAO:0001094 TGMA:0001832 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 Wikipedia:Multi-cellular_organism XAO:0003004 ZFA:0001094 galen:Organism ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism multi-cellular organism Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 Wikipedia:Multi-cellular_organism http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 organism FBbt:00000001 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 multi-cellular organism CARO:0000012 Koerper BTO:0001489 body AEO:0000103 BIRNLEX:18 FMA:256135 NCIT:C13041 whole body BTO:0001489 whole organism FBbt:00000001 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. AAO:0010017 AEO:0000019 BILA:0000019 CARO:0000019 EHDAA2:0003019 HAO:0000019 TAO:0001489 TGMA:0001835 XAO:0003039 ZFA:0001489 compound organ components compound organ component Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. CARO:0000019 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 compound organ components ZFA:0001489 A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm. AAO:0000606 BILA:0000124 BSA:0000085 BTO:0001363 CALOHA:TS-1030 EFO:0000984 EHDAA2:0002007 EHDAA:8146 EMAPA:17972 EV:0100102 FMA:7210 GAID:396 HAO:0001007 MA:0000411 MAT:0000132 MESH:D013737 MIAA:0000132 NCIT:C12412 SCTID:181431007 TAO:0000598 VHOG:0000252 WBbt:0006794 Wikipedia:Testis XAO:0000157 ZFA:0000598 galen:Testis gonad of male genitalia gonad of male reproductive system male gonad testicle orchis testes testiculus testis A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gonad of male genitalia OBOL:automatic gonad of male reproductive system OBOL:automatic male gonad OBOL:automatic testicle FMA:7210 orchis BTO:0001363 testes testiculus BTO:0001363 The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. BTO:0000083 CALOHA:TS-1303 EFO:0000969 EHDAA2:0000506 EHDAA:8116 EMAPA:17959 EV:0100110 FMA:45663 GAID:364 HAO:0000324 MA:0000381 MESH:D005836 MIAA:0000028 NCIT:C12402 SCTID:361386004 TGMA:0000635 VHOG:0000726 Wikipedia:Female_genitalia WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system XAO:0000156 female organism genitalia female organism reproductive system genitalia of female organism reproductive system of female organism female genital system female genital tract female genitalia female genitals female reproductive tract gynaecological tissue systema genitale femininum female reproductive system The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. MP:0001119 Wikipedia:Female_genitalia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 female organism genitalia OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic genitalia of female organism OBOL:automatic reproductive system of female organism OBOL:automatic female genitals XAO:0000156 female reproductive tract MA:0000381 gynaecological tissue BTO:0000083 systema genitale femininum BTO:0000083 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 BILA:0000032 BIRNLEX:7 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 NCIT:C32221 TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 VHOG:0001758 Wikipedia:Body_part XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 galen:BodyPart anatomic region body part body region cardinal body part organism subdivision Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. CARO:0000032 CARO:DOS http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 anatomic region MA:0002433 body region FMA:7153 cardinal body part FMA:7153 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 acellular anatomical structures acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 acellular anatomical structures ZFA:0000382 Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. VHOG:0001737 anatomical cluster Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. FBbt:00007277 A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. AAO:0010020 AEO:0000042 BILA:0000042 CALOHA:TS-2119 CARO:0000042 EHDAA2:0003042 EHDAA:46 FMA:85537 HAO:0000042 NCIT:C34055 SCTID:314908006 TAO:0000020 TGMA:0001843 VHOG:0000292 XAO:0004005 ZFA:0000020 extra-embryonic structure extraembryonic structures extraembryonic tissue see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2. extraembryonic structure A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. CARO:DOS http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 https://cedar.bio.indiana.edu/trac/env/ontologies/ticket/279 extraembryonic structures ZFA:0000020 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 BIRNLEX:19 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 NCIT:C12801 TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 galen:Tissue portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue tissue Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. CARO:0000043 portion of tissue CARO:0000043 simple tissue AEO:0000043 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. AAO:0010048 AEO:0000055 BILA:0000055 CARO:0000055 EHDAA2:0003055 HAO:0000055 TAO:0001488 TGMA:0001847 VHOG:0001762 XAO:0003037 ZFA:0001488 multi-tissue structures multi-tissue structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 multi-tissue structures ZFA:0001488 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CALOHA:TS-0288 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 EMAPA:32738 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MA:0003060 MESH:D004848 NCIT:C12710 SCTID:31610004 TAO:0001486 VHOG:0000387 Wikipedia:Epithelium XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial tissue portion of epithelium Editor note: surface epithelium may contain non-epithelial cells, such as melanocytes, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, within the sheet of epithelial cells. Do we consider these part of the epithelium, or located-in it? epithelium Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. Wikipedia:Epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 portion of epithelium FMA:9639 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. AAO:0010064 AEO:0000067 BILA:0000067 CARO:0000067 EHDAA2:0003067 FMA:45566 HAO:0000067 NCIT:C33553 TAO:0001497 Wikipedia:Simple_cuboidal_epithelium XAO:0004009 ZFA:0001497 epithelium simplex cuboideum simple cuboidal epithelia simple cuboidal epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. Wikipedia:Simple_cuboidal_epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 simple cuboidal epithelia ZFA:0001497 Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. columnar epithelium columnar epithlium AAO:0010063 AEO:0000068 BILA:0000068 CARO:0000068 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 FMA:45567 HAO:0000068 NCIT:C33552 SCTID:32210007 TAO:0001496 Wikipedia:Simple_columnar_epithelium XAO:0004008 ZFA:0001496 epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelium simple columnar epithelia simple columnar epithelium Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Simple_columnar_epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 columnar epithelium EHDAA2:0003068 columnar epithlium AEO:0000068 simple columnar epithelia ZFA:0001496 Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. AAO:0010059 AEO:0000069 BILA:0000069 BTO:0002074 CARO:0000069 EHDAA2:0003069 FMA:45562 HAO:0000069 NCIT:C33622 SCTID:309044005 TAO:0001494 Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium XAO:0004006 ZFA:0001494 stratified epithelium laminated epithelium multilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 laminated epithelium BTO:0002074 Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. AAO:0010066 AEO:0000070 BILA:0000070 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000070 EHDAA2:0003070 FMA:45565 HAO:0000070 NCIT:C13178 TAO:0001498 Wikipedia:Simple_squamous_epithelium XAO:0004010 ZFA:0001498 epithelium simplex squamosum simple squamous epithelia simple squamous epithelium Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. FMA:45565 Wikipedia:Simple_squamous_epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 simple squamous epithelia ZFA:0001498 Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. AAO:0010057 AEO:0000071 BILA:0000071 CARO:0000071 EHDAA2:0003071 FMA:61741 HAO:0000071 TAO:0001493 XAO:0004004 ZFA:0001493 heterogenous epithelium atypical epithelia atypical epithelium Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 atypical epithelia ZFA:0001493 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 EHDAA2:0003072 FMA:55671 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 VHOG:0001730 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 cavitated organ cavitated compound organs cavitated compound organ Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 cavitated organ FMA:55671 cavitated compound organs ZFA:0001490 Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. AAO:0010062 AEO:0000073 BILA:0000073 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000073 EHDAA2:0003073 FMA:45561 HAO:0000073 NCIT:C33554 SCTID:309043004 TAO:0001495 XAO:0004007 ZFA:0001495 simple epithelium unilaminar epithelia unilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. FMA:45561 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 simple epithelium FMA:45561 unilaminar epithelia ZFA:0001495 Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. CALOHA:TS-2144 ENVO:02000040 FMA:66938 GAID:1164 MESH:D009093 NCIT:C13259 Wikipedia:Mucus galen:Mucus mucus Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. Wikipedia:Mucus Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. ENVO:02000042 FMA:9673 NCIT:C120839 Wikipedia:Interstitial_fluid intercellular fluid tissue fluid interstitial fluid Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. Wikipedia:Interstitial_fluid intercellular fluid ENVO:02000042 tissue fluid ENVO:02000042 Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. EMAPA:35862 FMA:259209 MA:0000022 SCTID:302551006 Wikipedia:Thorax thorax anterior subdivision of trunk upper body upper trunk thoracic segment of trunk Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 thorax MA:0000022 upper trunk FMA:259209 The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. BTO:0000020 CALOHA:TS-0001 EFO:0000968 EMAPA:35102 EV:0100011 FMA:9577 GAID:16 MA:0000029 MAT:0000298 MESH:D000005 MIAA:0000298 SCTID:302553009 Wikipedia:Abdomen galen:Abdomen abdominopelvic region abdominopelvis adult abdomen belly celiac region abdomen The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 abdominopelvic region FMA:9577 abdominopelvis FMA:9577 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. AAO:0011035 AEO:0000169 BILA:0000056 BSA:0000039 BTO:0000379 CALOHA:TS-0229 EFO:0001367 EHDAA2:0000002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 EHDAA:38 EMAPA:16039 FMA:69068 GAID:963 MAT:0000226 MESH:D004622 MIAA:0000019 NCIT:C28147 OGEM:000001 SCTID:57991002 VHOG:0001766 Wikipedia:Embryo XAO:0000113 ZFA:0000103 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Embryonic_organism embryonic organism developing organism developmental tissue embryo Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. BTO:0000379 FB:FBrf0039741 FB:FBrf0041814 GO:0009790 Wikipedia:Embryo embryonic organism BILA:0000056 developing organism BILA:0000056 A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. embryonic tissue AAO:0000480 BILA:0000035 BTO:0000556 EMAPA:36033 FMA:69069 GAID:1303 MESH:D005855 NCIT:C12950 NCIT:C54105 TAO:0001122 VHOG:0001223 Wikipedia:Germ_layer XAO:0003011 ZFA:0001122 germinal layer primary germ layer embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] germ layer A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. Wikipedia:Germ_layer https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/203 embryonic tissue FMA:69069 germinal layer ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer primary germ layer GO:0001704 ZFA:0001122 Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. AAO:0000137 BILA:0000036 BTO:0000315 CALOHA:TS-0216 EFO:0000414 EHDAA2:0000428 EMAPA:16069 EV:0100003 FMA:69070 GAID:1304 MAT:0000155 MAT:0000173 MESH:D004475 MIAA:0000173 NCIT:C12703 SCTID:362851007 TAO:0000016 VHOG:0000153 Wikipedia:Ectoderm XAO:0000001 ZFA:0000016 embryonic ectoderm ectoderm Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Wikipedia:Ectoderm embryonic ectoderm VHOG:0000153 Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. AAO:0000139 BILA:0000038 BTO:0000800 CALOHA:TS-0273 EFO:0002545 EHDAA2:0000436 EMAPA:16062 EV:0100005 FMA:69071 GAID:1305 MAT:0000175 MESH:D004707 MIAA:0000175 NCIT:C12706 SCTID:362855003 TAO:0000017 VHOG:0000154 Wikipedia:Endoderm XAO:0000090 ZFA:0000017 entoderm endoderm Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. Wikipedia:Endoderm entoderm DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.1013 The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. AAO:0000304 BILA:0000037 BTO:0000839 CALOHA:TS-0623 EFO:0001981 EHDAA2:0001128 EHDAA:124 EHDAA:160 EHDAA:183 EMAPA:16083 EV:0100006 FMA:69072 GAID:522 MAT:0000174 MESH:D008648 MIAA:0000174 NCIT:C12750 SCTID:362854004 TAO:0000041 VHOG:0000152 Wikipedia:Mesoderm XAO:0000050 ZFA:0000041 embryonic mesoderm entire mesoderm mesodermal mantle mesoderm The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. Wikipedia:Mesoderm embryonic mesoderm VHOG:0000152 entire mesoderm SCTID:362854004 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium BTO:0004224 EHDAA2:0001929 EMAPA:16263 FMA:295846 NCIT:C34306 TAO:0001290 TGMA:0000135 Wikipedia:Stomodeum XAO:0000269 ZFA:0001290 mouth primordium primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum mouth pit oral ectoderm oral pit stomodeum Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. Wikipedia:Stomodeum http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/326 stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium XAO:0000269 mouth primordium XAO:0000269 primitive oral cavity https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 stomatodeum Wikipedia:Stomodeum mouth pit EMAPA:16263 oral ectoderm ZFA:0001290 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-100726-23 oral pit EMAPA:16263 Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. AAO:0011087 EHDAA2:0000121 EMAPA:25038 NCIT:C34278 TAO:0000066 VHOG:0000139 Wikipedia:Proctodeum XAO:0001019 ZFA:0000066 embryonic proctodaeum proctodaeum amnioproctodeal invagination anal pit anus porus proctodeum Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. ZFA:0000066 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/685 https://sourceforge.net/p/fbbtdv/tickets/52 amnioproctodeal invagination FBbt:00000123 anal pit VHOG:0000139 anus porus XAO:0001019 A muscle that acts on the pharynx[WP, vetted]. BTO:0001048 EFO:0003504 FMA:46619 GAID:154 MA:0001797 MESH:D010609 NCIT:C13075 SCTID:244798004 TAO:0000172 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles ZFA:0000172 branchial muscle muscle of pharynx muscle organ of pharynx pharyngeal muscle pharynx muscle pharynx muscle organ branchial muscles musculi pharyngis musculus pharyngis tunica muscularis pharyngis Innervation notes: They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve (CN X) with the exception of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).[WP] chordate pharyngeal muscle A muscle that acts on the pharynx[WP, vetted]. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 branchial muscle ZFA:0000172 muscle organ of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx muscle organ OBOL:automatic branchial muscles TAO:0000172 musculi pharyngis Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles musculus pharyngis BTO:0001048 tunica muscularis pharyngis Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. AAO:0000579 ANISEED:1235297 BTO:0001307 CALOHA:TS-0980 EFO:0000837 EHDAA2:0001915 EHDAA:2993 EMAPA:17021 EV:0100070 FMA:7148 GAID:293 MA:0000353 MAT:0000051 MESH:D013270 MIAA:0000051 NCIT:C12391 SCTID:181246003 TAO:0002121 VHOG:0000408 Wikipedia:Stomach XAO:0000128 galen:Stomach stomach chamber anterior intestine gaster mesenteron ventriculus stomach An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Stomach https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gaster BTO:0001307 ventriculus Wikipedia:Stomach A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid. BTO:0000564 EMAPA:17869 EV:0100024 FMA:7110 GAID:176 MA:0000086 MESH:D006351 NCIT:C12729 SCTID:181285005 TAO:0005065 VHOG:0000818 Wikipedia:Cardiac_valve XAO:0004126 ZFA:0005065 galen:HeartValve heart valve valve of heart heart valve heart valves stomodaeal valve valvule cardiac valve A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid. MESH:A07.541.510 MP:0000285 PMID:7926784 heart valve XAO:0004126 The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. AAO:0010213 BTO:0000135 CALOHA:TS-0046 EFO:0000265 EMAPA:18601 EV:0100027 FMA:3734 GAID:469 MA:0000062 MAT:0000035 MESH:D001011 MIAA:0000035 NCIT:C12669 SCTID:181298001 VHOG:0001523 Wikipedia:Aorta XAO:0003010 galen:Aorta trunk of aortic tree trunk of systemic arterial tree dorsal aorta arteria maxima aorta The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MESH:A07.231.114.056 MP:0000272 Wikipedia:Aorta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 dorsal aorta Wikipedia:Aorta#In_other_animals ZFA:0000014 arteria maxima Wikipedia:Aorta A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. AAO:0010210 BILA:0000020 BTO:0000562 CALOHA:TS-0445 EFO:0000815 EHDAA2:0000738 EHDAA:420 EMAPA:16105 EV:0100018 FMA:7088 GAID:174 MA:0000072 MAT:0000036 MESH:D006321 MIAA:0000036 NCIT:C12727 SCTID:302509004 TAO:0000114 VHOG:0000276 Wikipedia:Heart XAO:0000064 ZFA:0000114 galen:Heart chambered heart vertebrate heart branchial heart cardium Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" DOI:10.1101/gad.1485706 heart A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. Wikipedia:Heart http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 chambered heart https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 branchial heart cardium EMAPA:16105 Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. AAO:0010279 CALOHA:TS-1301 EFO:0002969 EHDAA2:0002224 EMAPA:35306 EV:0100128 FMA:9668 GAID:439 MA:0000012 MESH:D004703 NCIT:C12705 SCTID:278876000 TAO:0001158 VHOG:0000098 Wikipedia:Endocrine_system XAO:0000158 ZFA:0001158 endocrine glandular system endocrine system systema endocrinum endocrine system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. NLM:endocrine+system Wikipedia:Endocrine_system endocrine glandular system EHDAA2:0002224 Any of a number of short transversospinal muscles chiefly developed in cervical, lumbar, and thoracic regions, arising from the transverse process of one vertebra and inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above, with nerve supply from the dorsal branches of the spinal nerve, and whose actions rotate the vertebral column. rotator muscle FMA:23081 SCTID:244872002 rotator muscle of the vertebral column Any of a number of short transversospinal muscles chiefly developed in cervical, lumbar, and thoracic regions, arising from the transverse process of one vertebra and inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above, with nerve supply from the dorsal branches of the spinal nerve, and whose actions rotate the vertebral column. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rotator+muscle rotator muscle FMA:23081 The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. AAO:0010478 ABA:Brain BAMS:Br BAMS:Brain BILA:0000135 BIRNLEX:796 BTO:0000142 CALOHA:TS-0095 DHBA:10155 EFO:0000302 EHDAA2:0000183 EHDAA:2641 EHDAA:6485 EMAPA:16894 EV:0100164 FMA:50801 GAID:571 HBA:4005 MA:0000168 MAT:0000098 MBA:8 MBA:997 MESH:D001921 MIAA:0000098 NCIT:C12439 PBA:3999 SCTID:258335003 TAO:0000008 VHOG:0000157 Wikipedia:Brain XAO:0000010 ZFA:0000008 galen:Brain encephalon suprasegmental levels of nervous system suprasegmental structures synganglion the brain brain The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. Wikipedia:Brain https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 encephalon BTO:0000142 suprasegmental levels of nervous system NeuroNames:21 suprasegmental structures NeuroNames:21 the brain NeuroNames:21 The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex. BAMS:C BAMS:CTX BAMS:Cerebral_cortex BAMS:Cx BIRNLEX:1494 BM:Tel-Cx BTO:0000233 CALOHA:TS-0091 DHBA:10159 EFO:0000328 EHDAA2:0000234 EHDAA:5464 EMAPA:17544 EV:0100166 FMA:61830 GAID:629 HBA:4008 MA:0000185 MAT:0000108 MBA:688 MESH:D002540 MIAA:0000108 NCIT:C12443 PBA:128011354 SCTID:362880003 VHOG:0000722 Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex cortex of cerebral hemisphere brain cortex cortex cerebralis cortex cerebri cortical plate (CTXpl) cortical plate (areas) pallium of the brain cerebral cortex The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex. BIRNLEX:1494 cortex of cerebral hemisphere BTO:0000233 FMA:61830 brain cortex BTO:0000233 cortex cerebralis NeuroNames:39 cortex cerebri Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex cortical plate (CTXpl) NeuroNames:39 cortical plate (areas) NeuroNames:39 pallium of the brain BTO:0000233 Any thin layer or plate. Wikipedia:Lamina_of_the_vertebral_arch laminar tissue lamina Any thin layer or plate. Wikipedia:Lamina_of_the_vertebral_arch Middle part of an organ, surrounded by the cortex. FMA:61108 galen:Medulla medulla medulla of organ Middle part of an organ, surrounded by the cortex. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 medulla FMA:61108 The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:cern FMA:5859 NCIT:C32299 NLXANAT:20090207 SCTID:360497008 Wikipedia:Cervical_nerves neuronames:2351 cervical nerve cervical nerve tree cervical spinal nerve nervus cervicalis Innervates: sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle[WP] nerve of cervical vertebra The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cervical_nerves cervical nerve FMA:5859 nervus cervicalis FMA:5859 FMA:TA The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. AAO:0010344 BTO:0000286 CALOHA:TS-0171 EFO:0000377 EHDAA2:0000316 EHDAA:10199 EMAPA:17161 EV:0100341 FMA:58238 GAID:892 MA:0000266 MESH:D003315 NCIT:C12342 SCTID:181162001 TAO:0000640 VHOG:0000164 Wikipedia:Cornea XAO:0000180 ZFA:0000640 cornea of camera-type eye corneas tunica cornea cornea The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MESH:A09.371.060.217 MP:0001312 cornea of camera-type eye GO:0061303 corneas ZFA:0000640 A transparent and refractive lens located posterior to the iris. The lens of camera-type eye refracts light to be focused on the retina. AAO:0010348 BTO:0000723 CALOHA:TS-0545 EHDAA:9057 EMAPA:17838 EV:0100343 FMA:58241 MA:0000275 MAT:0000141 MESH:D007908 MIAA:0000141 NCIT:C12743 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 SCTID:181169005 TAO:0000035 VHOG:0000169 Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) XAO:0000008 ZFA:0000035 camera-type eye lens eye lens lens lens crystallina crystalline lens lenses ocular lens The lens is avascular and nourished by diffusion from the aqueous and vitreous humors. lens of camera-type eye A transparent and refractive lens located posterior to the iris. The lens of camera-type eye refracts light to be focused on the retina. Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 camera-type eye lens GO:0002088 eye lens lens lens crystallina Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) crystalline lens BTO:0000723 PMID:36055924 lenses ZFA:0000035 ocular lens BTO:0000723 The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. AAO:0010352 BAMS:R BIRNLEX:1153 BTO:0001175 CALOHA:TS-0865 EFO:0000832 EHDAA2:0001627 EHDAA:4757 EMAPA:17168 EV:0100348 FMA:58301 GAID:755 MA:0000276 MAT:0000142 MBA:304325711 MESH:D012160 MIAA:0000142 NCIT:C12343 NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 SCTID:181171005 TAO:0000152 VHOG:0000229 Wikipedia:Retina XAO:0000009 ZFA:0000152 neuronames:1862 inner layer of eyeball retina of camera-type eye tunica interna of eyeball Netzhaut retinas Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods retina The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. Wikipedia:Retina ZFIN:curator retina of camera-type eye GO:0060041 Netzhaut BTO:0001175 retinas ZFA:0000152 An organ that detects light. BILA:0000017 BTO:0000439 CALOHA:TS-0309 EFO:0000827 EV:0100336 GAID:69 MAT:0000140 MESH:D005123 MIAA:0000140 Wikipedia:Eye light-detecting organ visual apparatus eye An organ that detects light. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 visual apparatus EV:0100336 An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. AEO:0000108 BTO:0000420 CALOHA:TS-2045 EFO:0000967 EHDAA2:0003108 EMAPA:35587 FMA:7155 GAID:86 MA:0000024 MAT:0000297 MESH:D009333 MIAA:0000297 NCIT:C13063 SCTID:302550007 Wikipedia:Neck galen:Neck collum neck (volume) neck An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 collum Wikipedia:Neck neck (volume) FMA:7155 A midventral endochondral skeletal element which represents the origin site of the pectoral muscles[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AAO:0000765 BTO:0001302 CALOHA:TS-0972 EHDAA2:0001914 EHDAA:9561 EMAPA:18344 FMA:7485 GAID:246 MA:0001331 MESH:D013249 NCIT:C12793 SCTID:302522007 VHOG:0000856 Wikipedia:Sternum galen:Sternum vertebrate sternum breastbone sternum A midventral endochondral skeletal element which represents the origin site of the pectoral muscles[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. PHENOSCAPE:ad https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/67 breastbone BTO:0001302 Paired endochondral long bone that extends between the pectoral girdle and the skeletal parts of the forelimb. [PHENOSCAPE:mah]. AAO:0000679 CALOHA:TS-2202 EFO:0001398 EMAPA:19106 FMA:13303 GAID:183 MA:0001356 MESH:D006811 NCIT:C12731 SCTID:181923006 VHOG:0001158 Wikipedia:Humerus XAO:0003210 galen:Humerus humeri humerus bone mesomere 1 of pectoral appendage proximal metapterygial mesomere of pectoral appendage proximal metapterygial mesomere of pectoral fin humerus Paired endochondral long bone that extends between the pectoral girdle and the skeletal parts of the forelimb. [PHENOSCAPE:mah]. AAO:0000679 PHENOSCAPE:mah https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/106 humeri PHENOSCAPE:ad mesomere 1 of pectoral appendage ISBN:0226313409 proximal metapterygial mesomere of pectoral appendage ISBN:0226313409 proximal metapterygial mesomere of pectoral fin ISBN:0226313409 The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). BTO:0001791 CALOHA:TS-2081 EFO:0001980 EV:0100044 FMA:9583 GAID:360 MA:0000433 MESH:D010994 NCIT:C12469 SCTID:181609007 VHOG:0000394 Wikipedia:Pleura wall of pleural sac pleura pleural tissue pleura The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010820 UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1231 pleural tissue BTO:0001791 NCIT:C12469 The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. BTO:0000721 CALOHA:TS-2206 EFO:0001411 EHDAA2:0000972 EHDAA:5151 EHDAA:6176 EHDAA:8289 EMAPA:17489 GAID:49 MA:0000047 MESH:D035002 VHOG:0000345 Wikipedia:Leg#Limb tetrapod leg lower extremity we use the less open to misinterpretation 'hindlimb zeugopod'. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping foot, as AOs disagree over whether some ankle parts are in the leg or foot leg The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. Wikipedia:Leg#Limb lower extremity MESH:A01.378.610 The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. AAO:0000890 BTO:0001252 CALOHA:TS-1048 EFO:0003054 EMAPA:19142 FMA:24476 GAID:204 MA:0001361 MESH:D013977 NCIT:C12800 SCTID:182061009 Wikipedia:Tibia galen:Tibia shankbone shinbone tibia The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. PHENOSCAPE:mah shankbone Wikipedia:Tibia shinbone Wikipedia:Tibia Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium skeleton.[VSAO, modified]. AAO:0000887 AAO:0000889 BTO:0001284 CALOHA:TS-0322 EFO:0001396 EMAPA:19143 FMA:9611 GAID:199 MA:0001359 MESH:D005269 NCIT:C12717 SCTID:182046008 VHOG:0001159 VSAO:0000186 Wikipedia:Femur XAO:0003214 galen:Femur thigh bone femoral bone mesomere 1 of pevlic appendage os femorale os femoris os longissimum proximal metapterygial mesomere of pelvic appendage proximal metapterygial mesomere of pelvic fin femur Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium skeleton.[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0000186 Wikipedia:Femur femoral bone BTO:0001284 mesomere 1 of pevlic appendage ISBN:0226313409 os femorale BTO:0001284 os femoris BTO:0001284 os longissimum Wikipedia:Femur proximal metapterygial mesomere of pelvic appendage ISBN:0226313409 proximal metapterygial mesomere of pelvic fin ISBN:0226313409 Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. articulation joint AEO:0000182 BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 NCIT:C13044 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 SCTID:302536002 TAO:0000367 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 Wikipedia:Joint XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 galen:Joint articular joint joints skeletal joint Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000101 Wikipedia:Joint http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 articulation VSAO:0000101 joint FMA:7490 VSAO:0000101 articular joint BTO:0001686 joints ZFA:0001596 A metapodium region that is part of a pes. CALOHA:TS-2221 FMA:24997 MA:0000049 SCTID:280711000 SCTID:370639003 hind metapodium metatarsal part of foot metatarsal region regio metatarsalis hindlimb cannon region hindlimb equine cannon region metatarsus metatarsus region A metapodium region that is part of a pes. OBOL:automatic hind metapodium AAO:0000221 MA:th http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial metatarsal part of foot FMA:24997 metatarsal region FMA:24997 regio metatarsalis FMA:24997 FMA:TA hindlimb cannon region NCBITaxon:9788 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hindlimb equine cannon region NCBITaxon:9788 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metatarsus MA:0000049 Vein that drains the axilla. EMAPA:18758 FMA:13329 GAID:527 MA:0002084 MESH:D001367 NCIT:C32171 SCTID:181389002 Wikipedia:Axillary_vein galen:AxillaryVein vena axillaris subcostal vein axillary vein Vein that drains the axilla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vena axillaris Wikipedia:Axillary_vein The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. BAMS:PONS BAMS:Pons BIRNLEX:733 BM:Pons BTO:0001101 CALOHA:TS-0813 DHBA:10661 EFO:0001394 EHDAA2:0004394 EMAPA:17563 EV:0100253 FMA:67943 GAID:578 HBA:9131 MA:0000204 MAT:0000115 MBA:771 MESH:D011149 MIAA:0000115 NCIT:C12511 SCTID:279103004 VHOG:0001176 Wikipedia:Pons pons Varolii pons of Varolius pons cerebri pons The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. VHOG:0001176 pons Varolii ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii pons cerebri NeuroNames:547 An intromittent organ in certain biologically male organisms. In placental mammals, this also serves as the organ of urination. BTO:0000405 CALOHA:TS-0758 EFO:0000987 EHDAA2:0001433 EHDAA:9380 EMAPA:18682 EMAPA_RETIRED:18996 EV:0100107 FMA:9707 GAID:389 MA:0000408 MAT:0000186 MESH:D010413 MIAA:0000186 NCIT:C12409 SCTID:265793009 VHOG:0000727 Wikipedia:Penis galen:Penis penes phallus penis An intromittent organ in certain biologically male organisms. In placental mammals, this also serves as the organ of urination. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005187 Wikipedia:Penis http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 penes Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. 2022-06-10T18:22:34Z AAO:0010258 BILA:0000103 BTO:0000081 CALOHA:TS-1318 EFO:0000809 EHDAA2:0001603 EHDAA:5923 EMAPA:17381 EV:0100100 FMA:7160 GAID:363 HAO:0000374 HAO:0000895 MA:0000326 MIAA:0000305 NCIT:C12841 SCTID:278875001 TAO:0000632 VHOG:0000182 WBbt:0005747 Wikipedia:Reproductive_system XAO:0000142 ZFA:0000632 genital system genitalia Geschlechtsorgan animal reproductive system genital tract organa genitalia reproductive tissue reproductive tract systemata genitalia reproductive system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. Wikipedia:Reproductive_system genitalia Geschlechtsorgan BTO:0000081 animal reproductive system BTO:0000081 organa genitalia BTO:0000081 reproductive tissue BTO:0000081 systemata genitalia Wikipedia:Reproductive_system Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). AAO:0000213 BILA:0000123 BSA:0000079 BTO:0000534 EMAPA:17383 FMA:18250 GAID:368 HAO:0000379 MA:0002420 MESH:D006066 NCIT:C12725 SCTID:304623008 TAO:0000413 VHOG:0000397 WBbt:0005175 Wikipedia:Gonad XAO:0003146 ZFA:0000413 gonada gonads gonad Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). ISBN:0140512888 Wikipedia:Gonad ZFA:0000413 ZFIN:curator gonads ZFA:0000413 The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. AAO:0000371 BILA:0000125 BSA:0000080 BTO:0000975 CALOHA:TS-0730 EFO:0000973 EHDAA2:0001360 EHDAA:8124 EMAPA:17962 EV:0100111 FMA:7209 GAID:367 MA:0000384 MESH:D010053 MIAA:0000125 NCIT:C12404 SCTID:181464007 TAO:0000403 VHOG:0000251 Wikipedia:Ovary XAO:0000258 ZFA:0000403 animal ovary female gonad female organism genitalia gonad female organism genitalia gonada female organism reproductive system gonad female organism reproductive system gonada female reproductive system gonad female reproductive system gonada genitalia of female organism gonad genitalia of female organism gonada gonad of female organism genitalia gonad of female organism reproductive system gonad of female reproductive system gonad of genitalia of female organism gonad of reproductive system of female organism gonada of female organism genitalia gonada of female organism reproductive system gonada of female reproductive system gonada of genitalia of female organism gonada of reproductive system of female organism ovum-producing ovary reproductive system of female organism gonad reproductive system of female organism gonada ovaries ovarium ovary The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0001126 Wikipedia:Ovary animal ovary EFO:0000973 female organism genitalia gonad OBOL:automatic female organism genitalia gonada OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system gonada OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonada OBOL:automatic genitalia of female organism gonad OBOL:automatic genitalia of female organism gonada OBOL:automatic gonad of female organism genitalia OBOL:automatic gonad of female organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonad of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonad of genitalia of female organism OBOL:automatic gonad of reproductive system of female organism OBOL:automatic gonada of female organism genitalia OBOL:automatic gonada of female organism reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonada of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic gonada of genitalia of female organism OBOL:automatic gonada of reproductive system of female organism OBOL:automatic ovum-producing ovary GO:0061039 reproductive system of female organism gonad OBOL:automatic reproductive system of female organism gonada OBOL:automatic ovaries ovarium Wikipedia:Ovary A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body. AAO:0010533 BSA:0000083 BTO:0000980 EFO:0000974 EMAPA:18984 GAID:366 MAT:0000126 MESH:D010057 MIAA:0000126 NCIT:C77957 TAO:0000560 VHOG:0001136 Wikipedia:Oviduct XAO:0003052 ZFA:0000560 ovarian duct ovarian tube uterine tube female reproductive tracts oviducts tuba uterina tuba uterinae tubular parts of female reproductive system oviduct A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ovarian duct http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ovarian tube http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 female reproductive tracts http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 oviducts ZFA:0000560 tuba uterina BTO:0000980 tuba uterinae BTO:0000980 tubular parts of female reproductive system http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth. BTO:0001424 CALOHA:TS-1102 EFO:0000975 EMAPA:29915 EV:0100113 FMA:17558 GAID:172 MA:0000389 MAT:0000127 MESH:D014599 MIAA:0000127 NCIT:C12405 SCTID:181452004 VHOG:0001137 Wikipedia:Uterus galen:Uterus uterus The female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth. MGI:csmith MP:0001120 A fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP]. BTO:0000243 CALOHA:TS-1103 EFO:0000976 EMAPA:18986 EV:0100117 FMA:19949 GAID:381 MA:0000394 MAT:0000128 MESH:D014621 MIAA:0000128 NCIT:C12407 SCTID:181441005 VHOG:0001138 Wikipedia:Vagina galen:Vagina distal oviductal region distal portion of oviduct vaginae vagina A fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP]. Wikipedia:Vagina http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vaginae External genital organs of the female mammal[WP]. BTO:0003101 CALOHA:TS-1168 EFO:0000978 EMAPA:36631 EV:0100118 FMA:20462 GAID:383 MA:0000395 MAT:0000169 MESH:D014844 MIAA:0000169 NCIT:C12408 SCTID:265796001 VHOG:0001458 Wikipedia:Vulva galen:Vulva female pudendum mammalian vulva puboperineal region pudendum femininum vulva pudendum pudendum femininum pudendum muliebre mammalian vulva External genital organs of the female mammal[WP]. Wikipedia:Vulva female pudendum BTO:0003101 FMA:20462 doi:10.1002/ca.23705 puboperineal region FMA:20462 pudendum femininum FMA:20462 FMA:TA doi:10.1002/ca.23705 vulva MA:0000395 pudendum BTO:0003101 doi:10.1002/ca.23705 pudendum femininum Wikipedia:Vulva doi:10.1002/ca.23705 pudendum muliebre BTO:0003101 doi:10.1002/ca.23705 Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract posterolateral to the urinary bladder and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct. seminal gland AAO:0010788 BTO:0001234 CALOHA:TS-0919 EFO:0000986 EMAPA:19180 EV:0100106 FMA:19386 GAID:394 MA:0000410 MAT:0000171 MESH:D012669 MIAA:0000171 NCIT:C12787 SCTID:181434004 VHOG:0001379 Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle glandula seminalis glandula vesiculosa gonecyst vas efferens vesicula seminalis vesiculae seminales vesicular gland vesicular glands vesicular seminalis vesiculæ seminales seminal vesicle Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract posterolateral to the urinary bladder and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct. BTO:0001234 Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle glandula seminalis BTO:0001234 glandula vesiculosa BTO:0001234 vesicula seminalis BTO:0001234 Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesiculae seminales Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicular gland Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicular glands Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesicular seminalis Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle vesiculæ seminales Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001580 CALOHA:TS-0211 EFO:0000985 EMAPA:19088 FMA:19325 GAID:388 MA:0003247 MAT:0000170 MESH:D004543 MIAA:0000170 NCIT:C32493 SCTID:279665005 Wikipedia:Ejaculatory_duct ductus ejaculatorii ductus ejaculatorius ductus ejaculatorii ejaculatory duct The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ejaculatory_duct ductus ejaculatorii BTO:0001580 ductus ejaculatorius BTO:0001580 ductus ejaculatorii Wikipedia:Ejaculatory_duct A secretory duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is a continuation of the epididymis and ends in the prostatic urethra where it terminates to form ejaculatory duct. BTO:0001427 CALOHA:TS-1105 EFO:0000981 EMAPA:18681 EV:0100105 FMA:19234 GAID:404 MA:0000413 MESH:D014649 MIAA:0000129 NCIT:C12813 SCTID:245467009 VHOG:0001135 Wikipedia:Vas_deferens galen:VasDeferens deferent duct ductus deferens vas deferen sperm duct vasa deferentia vas deferens A secretory duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is a continuation of the epididymis and ends in the prostatic urethra where it terminates to form ejaculatory duct. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:pvb MP:0002769 Wikipedia:Vas_deferens http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ductus deferens Wikipedia:Vas_deferens The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. epidermis skin AAO:0000143 BTO:0000404 CALOHA:TS-0283 EFO:0000954 EMAPA:17528 EV:0100153 FMA:70596 GAID:932 MA:0000153 MAT:0000154 MESH:D004817 MIAA:0000154 NCIT:C12708 SCTID:361694003 TAO:0000105 VHOG:0000077 Wikipedia:Epidermis_(skin) XAO:0000028 ZFA:0000105 vertebrate epidermis skin epidermis The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. ISBN:0073040584 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. AAO:0000541 BTO:0000203 CALOHA:TS-1319 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:D012137 MIAA:0000030 NCIT:C12779 SCTID:278197002 TAO:0000272 VHOG:0000202 Wikipedia:Respiratory_system XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius respiratory system Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium respiratory system Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. Wikipedia:Respiratory_system http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Atmungssystem BTO:0000203 apparatus respiratorius BTO:0000203 systema respiratorium Wikipedia:Respiratory_system An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. airway airways SCTID:361380005 Wikipedia:Trachea respiratory airway An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. Wikipedia:Trachea airway http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 airways http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. AAO:0000129 BILA:0000082 BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-1293 EFO:0000793 FMA:7152 GAID:278 MA:0002431 MAT:0000018 MESH:D004064 MIAA:0000018 SCTID:278859004 TADS:0000170 TAO:0000339 WBbt:0005748 Wikipedia:Digestive_system XAO:0000125 ZFA:0000339 galen:DigestiveSystem ncithesaurus:Digestive_System alimentary system alimentary tract gastrointestinal system gut digestive system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. FB:gg NLM:alimentary+system Wikipedia:Digestive_system The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. excretory system AAO:0010257 BILA:0000015 BTO:0001244 BTO:0003092 CALOHA:TS-1323 EFO:0000803 EHDAA2:0001601 EHDAA:5901 EMAPA:17366 EV:0100095 FMA:7159 GAID:391 MA:0000325 MAT:0000027 MESH:D014551 MIAA:0000027 NCIT:C12413 SCTID:362204003 TADS:0000162 TAO:0000163 VHOG:0000723 WBbt:0005736 Wikipedia:Excretory_system XAO:0000143 ZFA:0000163 galen:UrinaryTract systema urinaria systema urinarium urinary system urinary tract renal or urinary system renal/urinary system EDITOR_NOTE In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here renal system The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099864 GO:0072001 systema urinaria FMA:7159 systema urinarium BTO:0003092 renal or urinary system EHDAA:5901 Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. AAO:0000959 CALOHA:TS-2103 VHOG:0001248 Wikipedia:Circulatory_system systema cardiovasculare circulatory system Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. Wikipedia:Circulatory_system systema cardiovasculare Wikipedia:Circulatory_system Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. AAO:0000001 AEO:000020 BTO:0001487 CALOHA:TS-0013 EFO:0000790 EHDAA2:0003120 EMAPA:35112 EV:0100381 FMA:20110 GAID:920 MA:0000009 MAT:0000015 MESH:D000273 MIAA:0000015 NCIT:C12472 SCTID:55603005 TAO:0002134 VHOG:0001284 Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue XAO:0003049 ZFA:0005345 galen:FattyTissue fat fat tissue fatty tissue adipose bodyfat fatty depot adipose tissue Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. MESH:A10.165.114 MGI:cwg MP:0000003 Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fat MA:0000009 adipose BTO:0001487 bodyfat BTO:0001487 A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 EMAPA:35577 FMA:32558 MA:0000165 NCIT:C13056 TAO:0000548 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 Wikipedia:Muscular_system ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscles set musculature musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles muscle system muscles musculature system musculature A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. Wikipedia:Muscular_system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 musculi FMA:32558 FMA:TA set of muscles FMA:32558 set of skeletal muscles MA:0000165 The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. AAO:0000324 BILA:0000079 BIRNLEX:844 BTO:0001484 CALOHA:TS-1313 EFO:0000802 EHDAA2:0001246 EHDAA:826 EMAPA:16469 EV:0100162 FMA:7157 GAID:466 MA:0000016 MAT:0000026 MESH:D009420 MIAA:0000026 NCIT:C12755 SCTID:278196006 TAO:0000396 VHOG:0000402 WBbt:0005735 Wikipedia:Nervous_system XAO:0000177 ZFA:0000396 neuronames:3236 neurological system nerve net systema nervosum nervous system The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. BIRNLEX:844 ISBN:0-14-051288-8 ISBN:3110148986 NLM:nervous+system WB:rynl Wikipedia:Nervous_system ZFIN:curator neurological system GO:0050877 nerve net Wikipedia:Nerve_net systema nervosum Wikipedia:Nervous_system The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. AAO:0000090 BAMS:CNS BILA:0000080 BIRNLEX:1099 BTO:0000227 CALOHA:TS-0150 EFO:0000908 EHDAA2:0000225 EHDAA:828 EMAPA:16470 EMAPA:16754 EV:0100163 FMA:55675 GAID:570 MA:0000167 MAT:0000457 MESH:D002490 NCIT:C12438 SCTID:278199004 TAO:0000012 VHOG:0000293 Wikipedia:Central_nervous_system XAO:0000215 ZFA:0000012 neuronames:854 CNS systema nervosum centrale cerebrospinal axis neuraxis central nervous system The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. GO:0021551 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/7/1/29 https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/11422/ CNS systema nervosum centrale FMA:55675 FMA:TA cerebrospinal axis FMA:55675 neuraxis FMA:55675 An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. AAO:0011070 AEO:0000137 BAMS:n BIRNLEX:1615 BSA:0000098 BTO:0000925 BTO:0001027 CALOHA:TS-0772 EHDAA2:0003137 EHDAA:2851 EHDAA:3776 EHDAA:4657 EMAPA:32808 EMAPA:32815 EV:0100371 FMA:65132 FMA:65239 GAID:747 GAID:758 MA:0000217 MA:0000228 MESH:D010525 NCIT:C12466 NCIT:C12768 NLX:147826 SCTID:244457007 SCTID:256864008 TAO:0007009 VHOG:0000901 Wikipedia:Nervous_system XAO:0000204 XAO:0003047 ZFA:0007009 galen:Nerve nerves peripheral nerve neural subtree nerve An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. FBbt:00005105 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nerves TAO:0007009 peripheral nerve http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neural subtree FMA:65132 A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. AEO:0000201 EHDAA2:0003200 FMA:5868 Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve nervus sensorius afferent nerve sensory nerve A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve nervus sensorius Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. AAO:0000555 BAMS:SEN BILA:0000099 EFO:0000805 EHDAA2:0003094 EMAPA:16192 FMA:75259 MA:0002442 MAT:0000031 MIAA:0000031 NLXANAT:090816 TAO:0000282 VHOG:0001674 Wikipedia:Sensory_system XAO:0003194 ZFA:0000282 organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory subsystem sensory systems organa sensuum sensory organ system set of sense organs sensory system Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. Wikipedia:Sensory_system organa sensuum FMA:75259 FMA:TA sense organs FMA:75259 sense organs set FMA:75259 sensory systems TAO:0000282 organa sensuum Wikipedia:Sensory_system set of sense organs FMA:75259 The sensory system for the sense of taste. AAO:0010577 BILA:0000143 EFO:0000830 FMA:7194 MA:0002446 MAT:0000275 MIAA:0000275 NLXANAT:090803 SCTID:423940004 TAO:0001101 Wikipedia:Gustatory_system XAO:0003197 ZFA:0001101 neuronames:2889 gustatory organ system taste system gustatory system The sensory system for the sense of taste. NLXANAT:090803 A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP]. BTO:0001501 CALOHA:TS-0430 EFO:0000958 EMAPA:18769 EV:0100157 FMA:53667 GAID:71 MA:0000155 MAT:0000160 MESH:D006197 MIAA:0000160 NCIT:C32705 SCTID:361702001 VHOG:0001191 Wikipedia:Hair hair coat hair coat/ hair fur microchaeta quill setulae vibrissa whisker strand of hair A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP]. Wikipedia:Hair quill vibrissa whisker A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. BTO:0001471 CALOHA:TS-1130 EFO:0003078 EHDAA2:0002212 EHDAA:164 EMAPA:16085 FMA:87180 GAID:1301 MESH:D015017 NCIT:C14128 SCTID:362845002 VHOG:0000830 Wikipedia:Yolk_sac saccus vitellinus vesicula umbilicalis yolk sac A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. Wikipedia:Yolk_sac saccus vitellinus Wikipedia:Yolk_sac vesicula umbilicalis Wikipedia:Yolk_sac Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. AAO:0011042 BILA:0000085 BTO:0000507 EHDAA2:0000557 EHDAA:520 EMAPA:16548 FMA:45616 MA:0001526 NCIT:C34180 SCTID:361409009 TGMA:0001014 VHOG:0000285 Wikipedia:Foregut XAO:0000232 praeenteron proenteron foregut Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 praeenteron Wikipedia:Foregut proenteron Wikipedia:Foregut A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. pharynx AAO:0000967 BTO:0001049 CALOHA:TS-0785 EFO:0000836 EHDAA2:0001458 EHDAA:2947 EMAPA:16706 EV:0100065 FMA:46688 GAID:155 MA:0000432 MESH:D010614 NCIT:C12425 SCTID:181211006 TAO:0000056 VHOG:0000462 Wikipedia:Pharynx XAO:0003227 ZFA:0000056 galen:Pharynx Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx chordate pharynx A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. http://www.feedexp.org pharynx FMA:46688 Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). AAO:0000145 ANISEED:1235301 BTO:0000959 CALOHA:TS-0700 EFO:0000835 EHDAA2:0001285 EHDAA:2937 EMAPA:16833 EV:0100069 FMA:7131 GAID:291 MA:0000352 MAT:0000048 MESH:D004947 MIAA:0000048 NCIT:C12389 SCTID:181245004 TAO:0000204 VHOG:0000450 Wikipedia:Esophagus XAO:0000127 ZFA:0000204 galen:Esophagus gullet oesophagus esophagus Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). Wikipedia:Esophagus http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/inter/oesophagus/ Saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. BTO:0001203 CALOHA:TS-0892 EFO:0000859 EHDAA2:0001775 EHDAA:7987 EMAPA:17751 EV:0100059 FMA:9597 GAID:937 MA:0000346 MAT:0000079 MESH:D012469 MIAA:0000079 NCIT:C12426 SCTID:181236000 VHOG:0000376 Wikipedia:Salivary_gland galen:SalivaryGland salivary gland glandulae salivariae saliva-secreting gland Saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. GO:0007431 Wikipedia:Salivary_gland salivary gland MA:0000346 glandulae salivariae Wikipedia:Salivary_gland Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. BILA:0000086 BTO:0000863 EFO:0001950 EHDAA2:0001185 EHDAA:983 EMAPA:16255 FMA:45617 MA:0001564 NCIT:C34210 SCTID:361410004 TGMA:0001036 VHOG:0000290 Wikipedia:Midgut XAO:0000103 mesenteron midgut Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. GO:0007494 Wikipedia:Midgut mesenteron Wikipedia:Midgut The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. AAO:0011052 BILA:0000087 BTO:0000510 EHDAA2:0000779 EHDAA:975 EMAPA:16715 FMA:45618 MA:0001527 NCIT:C34188 SCTID:362856002 TGMA:0001020 VHOG:0000459 Wikipedia:Hindgut XAO:0000104 metenteron hindgut The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metenteron Wikipedia:Hindgut Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. AEO:0000171 BTO:0001886 EFO:0001652 EHDAA2:0003171 FMA:86589 MAT:0000482 NCIT:C34275 Wikipedia:Primordium XAO:0003043 bud future organ placode primordia rudiment primordium Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. BTO:0001886 FB:DJS FB:FBrf0089570 http://flybase.org/reports/FBrf0178740.html placode FBbt:00005495 primordia XAO:0003043 In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010617 BTO:0001057 CALOHA:TS-2371 DHBA:10154 EHDAA2:0001254 EHDAA:2869 EHDAA:908 EMAPA:16164 EMAPA:16757 FMA:293882 MAT:0000069 MIAA:0000069 NCIT:C34226 SCTID:362852000 TAO:0001135 VHOG:0000307 Wikipedia:Neural_tube XAO:0003204 ZFA:0001135 neuronames:1365 neural primordium presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis neural tube In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Neural_tube tubus neuralis Wikipedia:Neural_tube Bottom part of the pharynx that connects to the esophagus. BTO:0001740 CALOHA:TS-2020 EFO:0001388 EHDAA2:0004574 EV:0100068 FMA:54880 GAID:338 MA:0001796 MESH:D007013 NCIT:C12246 SCTID:281490009 VHOG:0000445 Wikipedia:Hypopharynx laryngeal pharynx laryngopharynx pars laryngea pharyngis hypopharynx Bottom part of the pharynx that connects to the esophagus. Wikipedia:Hypopharynx laryngeal pharynx FMA:54877 laryngopharynx FMA:54877 pars laryngea pharyngis BTO:0001740 Wikipedia:Hypopharynx The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. AAO:0010401 BTO:0001158 CALOHA:TS-1180 EFO:0000848 EHDAA2:0001592 EHDAA:5836 EMAPA:17896 EV:0100081 FMA:14544 GAID:311 MA:0000336 MAT:0000050 MESH:D012007 MIAA:0000050 NCIT:C12390 SCTID:181261002 VHOG:0001751 Wikipedia:Rectum XAO:0000238 galen:Rectum terminal portion of intestine intestinum rectum rectal sac terminal portion of large intestine rectum The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000492 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 intestinum rectum BTO:0001158 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BFO:0000004 BILA:0000000 BIRNLEX:6 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NCIT:C12219 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. FMA:62955 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. pancreatic duct BTO:0002362 EHDAA2:0001396 EHDAA:6905 EMAPA:17510 FMA:16003 GAID:337 MA:0000126 MESH:D010183 NCIT:C12272 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 SCTID:245385001 VHOG:0000256 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct chief pancreatic duct duct of Wirsung main pancreatic duct canal of Wirsung ductus pancreatis ventralis hepaticopancreatic duct EDITOR_NOTE in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue ventral pancreatic duct A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct pancreatic duct MESH:A03.734.667 chief pancreatic duct FMA:16003 duct of Wirsung Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct main pancreatic duct MA:0000126 canal of Wirsung BTO:0002362 hepaticopancreatic duct BTO:0002362 A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core. BTO:0003625 EFO:0001370 EMAPA:32739 FMA:10446 GAID:105 MA:0000110 MESH:D007403 NCIT:C49571 SCTID:244570000 Wikipedia:Intervertebral_disk discus intervertebralis intervertebral disc spinal disc intervertebral fibrocartilage spinal disk whose gel-like core is nucleus puloposus, by this definition only in mammals intervertebral disk A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Intervertebral_disk discus intervertebralis FMA:10446 FMA:TA spinal disc Wikipedia:Spinal_disc intervertebral fibrocartilage BTO:0003625 spinal disk BTO:0003625 A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36392 FMA:10462 FMA:22985 MA:0000498 SCTID:181492002 back skin back zone of skin skin, dorsal region zone of skin of back EDITOR_NOTE TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region skin of back A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic back zone of skin OBOL:automatic skin, dorsal region https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 zone of skin of back OBOL:automatic A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. AAO:0010218 AAO:0010416 BTO:0004696 EFO:0001953 EHDAA2:0000461 EMAPA:18611 FMA:10635 GAID:480 MA:0001929 MESH:D002342 NCIT:C32551 SCTID:362044002 VHOG:0000265 Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery XAO:0000345 external carotid arteria carotis externa external carotid artery A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. MGI:anna external carotid AAO:0010218 arteria carotis externa Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. FMA:10665 MA:0002052 NCIT:C53005 SCTID:161746006 Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery superficial branch of transverse cervical artery The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP] superficial cervical artery It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery superficial branch of transverse cervical artery Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. AAO:0011083 BTO:0002682 EHDAA2:0000611 EMAPA:18416 FMA:10951 GAID:548 MA:0000480 MESH:D014682 NCIT:C12815 SCTID:181369003 VHOG:0001194 Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava XAO:0000388 galen:InferiorVenaCava inferior caval vein inferior vena cava posterior vena cava caudal vena cava postcava vena cava inferior posterior vena cava A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 inferior caval vein http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 inferior vena cava Wikipedia:Venae_cavae posterior vena cava Wikipedia:Venae_cavae caudal vena cava VHOG:0001194 vena cava inferior BTO:0002682 Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice. FMA:11338 MA:0000332 SCTID:264021000 ileocaecal junction ileocecal junction A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=46539 A potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. BSA:0000091 EHDAA2:0001434 EMAPA:16131 EMAPA:16132 FMA:11350 MA:0000053 NCIT:C38662 SCTID:362027001 TAO:0002220 VHOG:0000556 Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity ZFA:0001655 galen:PericardialSpace cavity of pericardial sac pericardial space cavitas pericardiaca pericardial cavity A potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. Wikipedia:Pericardium pericardial space Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity cavitas pericardiaca Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity Ossified form of a vertebral centrum, a skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]. AAO:0000697 EMAPA:36588 FMA:11945 MA:0001457 NCIT:C12852 SCTID:361745008 SCTID:362867001 TAO:0000126 Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra ZFA:0000126 body of vertebra corpus vertebra corpus vertebrae (vertebrale) vertebral body arcocentrum autocentrum holocentrum centra corpus vertebrae vertebral centra vertebral centrum bony vertebral centrum Ossified form of a vertebral centrum, a skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]. VSAO:0000183 VSAO:curator http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 body of vertebra FMA:11945 corpus vertebra corpus vertebrae (vertebrale) FMA:11945 vertebral body FMA:11945 arcocentrum PMID:11746457 autocentrum PMID:11746457 ZFA:0000126 holocentrum PMID:11746457 centra PHENOSCAPE:ad corpus vertebrae Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra vertebral centra PHENOSCAPE:ad vertebral centrum MA:0001457 An extension of a neural arches dorsal to the neural canal[TAO,modified]. spinous process AAO:0000705 EMAPA:25107 FMA:11948 MA:0001455 NCIT:C116112 SCTID:264259004 TAO:0001336 Wikipedia:Spinous_process ZFA:0001336 processus spinosus processus spinosus vertebrae spinous process of vertebra vertebra spinous process neural spine neural spines spine of verterba neural spine An extension of a neural arches dorsal to the neural canal[TAO,modified]. TAO:0001336 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 spinous process of vertebra FMA:11948 vertebra spinous process MA:0001455 neural spines ZFA:0001336 spine of verterba FMA:11948 The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0000698 FMA:11949 MA:0001456 SCTID:264238006 Wikipedia:Transverse_process XAO:0003102 processus transversus processus transversus vertebrae transverse process vertebra transverse process diapophyses diapophysis transverse process of vertebra The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Transverse_process Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. EMAPA:32747 FMA:12148 MA:0000079 SCTID:192172004 TAO:0002247 VHOG:0000607 ZFA:0001615 cardiac ventricle endocardium endocardium of cardiac ventricle endocardium of heart ventricle endocardium of lower chamber of heart endocardium of ventricle of heart heart ventricle endocardium lower chamber of heart endocardium ventricle endocardium ventricle of heart endocardium ventricular endocardium ventricle endocardial tissue endocardium of ventricle Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle. ZFIN:curator cardiac ventricle endocardium OBOL:automatic endocardium of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic endocardium of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic endocardium of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic endocardium of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic heart ventricle endocardium OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart endocardium OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart endocardium OBOL:automatic ventricle endocardial tissue VHOG:0000607 An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle. FMA:12150 TAO:0005058 ZFA:0005058 cardiac ventricle epicardium ventricular epicardium epicardium of ventricle An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardiac ventricle epicardium OBOL:automatic Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. EFO:0003088 EMAPA:32748 FMA:12151 MA:0000082 SCTID:192084000 TAO:0005061 VHOG:0000604 ZFA:0005061 ventricle myocardium ventricular myocardium ventricle cardiac muscle myocardium of ventricle Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer. ZFIN:curator ventricle cardiac muscle VHOG:0000604 A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:12166 FMA:24756 MA:0000582 NCIT:C52757 SCTID:181484006 adult head zone of skin head skin head zone of skin zone of skin of adult head zone of skin of head EDITOR_NOTE TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region skin of head A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head zone of skin OBOL:automatic head zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of adult head OBOL:automatic zone of skin of head OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:12167 FMA:23093 MA:0000517 NCIT:C12295 SCTID:181489001 torso zone of skin trunk skin trunk zone of skin zone of skin of torso zone of skin of trunk EDITOR_NOTE TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region skin of trunk A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic torso zone of skin OBOL:automatic trunk zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of torso OBOL:automatic zone of skin of trunk OBOL:automatic Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. BTO:0003080 FMA:12273 MA:0002532 MAT:0000500 Wikipedia:Pleural_fluid ncithesaurus:Pleural_Fluid pleural fluid Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. FMA:12273 Excretion that is the output of a kidney. BTO:0001419 CALOHA:TS-1092 EFO:0001939 EMAPA:36554 ENVO:00002047 FMA:12274 GAID:1189 MA:0002545 MAT:0000058 MESH:D014556 MIAA:0000058 NCIT:C13283 Wikipedia:Urine galen:Urine urine Excretion that is the output of a kidney. Wikipedia:Urine https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/11025 Secretion produced by a sweat gland. BTO:0001254 ENVO:02000025 FMA:12275 GAID:1172 MA:0002539 MESH:D013542 NCIT:C13280 Wikipedia:Sweat skin exudate sweat Secretion produced by a sweat gland. FMA:12275 skin exudate BTO:0001254 Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. BTO:0001339 CALOHA:TS-0996 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:D013582 NCIT:C33718 TAO:0005154 Wikipedia:Synovial_fluid ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid synovial fluid Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274/ joint fluid https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274/ Skeletal element within the mouth (or in some species, upper part of the digestive tract) that is composed of dentine and is used in procuring or masticating food. AEO:0000220 BTO:0000397 CALOHA:TS-1055 EFO:0000839 EHDAA2:0004605 EMAPA:32906 EV:0100063 FMA:12516 GAID:1260 MA:0000348 MAT:0000041 MESH:D014070 MIAA:0000041 NCIT:C12506 SCTID:302214001 TAO:0001625 VHOG:0001733 Wikipedia:Tooth XAO:0000431 dental element dentine containing tooth tooth vertebrate tooth EDITOR_NOTE we place ZFA ctb 5 tooth here for now. Consider changing name from calcaeeous tooth. Note that sea cucumbers develop calcareous tooth-like structures calcareous tooth Skeletal element within the mouth (or in some species, upper part of the digestive tract) that is composed of dentine and is used in procuring or masticating food. Wikipedia:Tooth_(animal) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 dental element http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column. C1 AAO:0000709 EHDAA:10606 EMAPA:19431 FMA:12519 GAID:236 MA:0001421 MESH:D001270 NCIT:C32239 SCTID:181818007 TAO:0001167 Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) ZFA:0001167 C1 vertebra atlas atlas (CI) atlas [C I] atlas vertebra cervical atlas cervical vertebra 1 first cervical vertebra vertebra 1 vertebral bone 1 The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 atlas [C I] FMA:12519 FMA:TA cervical atlas MP:0011576 cervical vertebra 1 MA:0001421 vertebra 1 TAO:0001167 The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. EHDAA:10608 EMAPA:19432 FMA:12520 GAID:237 MA:0001422 MESH:D001368 NCIT:C32240 SCTID:181819004 TAO:0001168 Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) ZFA:0001168 axis (CII) axis [C II] axis vertebra cervical axis vertebra 2 C2 vertebra cervical vertebra 2 second cervical vertebra C2 axis vertebral bone 2 The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 axis [C II] FMA:12520 FMA:TA cervical axis MP:0004608 vertebra 2 ZFA:0001168 cervical vertebra 2 MA:0001422 axis MA:0001422 A vertebra bone that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column. AAO:0000552 EMAPA:18336 FMA:12526 MA:0000313 NCIT:C12853 SCTID:361773005 Wikipedia:Sacrum XAO:0003078 galen:SacralVertebra neuronames:1706 sacral segment segment of sacrum EDITOR_NOTE todo - AAO placement to be confirmed by AAO curators (the AAO class may also include modified ribs) sacral vertebra A vertebra bone that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35326 FMA:12611 MA:0002691 anatomical wall of esophagus anatomical wall of gullet anatomical wall of oesophagus esophageal wall esophagus anatomical wall esophagus wall gullet anatomical wall gullet wall oesophagus anatomical wall oesophagus wall wall of gullet wall of oesophagus wall of esophagus An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of esophagus OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of gullet OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of oesophagus OBOL:automatic esophagus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic gullet anatomical wall OBOL:automatic gullet wall OBOL:automatic oesophagus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic oesophagus wall OBOL:automatic wall of gullet OBOL:automatic wall of oesophagus OBOL:automatic A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control. BTO:0000341 CALOHA:TS-0198 EFO:0000937 EHDAA2:0003495 EMAPA:17701 EV:0100376 FMA:13295 GAID:158 MA:0001904 MAT:0000502 MESH:D003964 NCIT:C12702 SCTID:181614006 VHOG:0000713 Wikipedia:Thoracid_diaphragm diaphragm muscle diaphragm of thorax thoracic diaphragm midriff phren diaphragm A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control. MP:0002279 diaphragm muscle BTO:0000341 midriff BTO:0000341 phren BTO:0000341 A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AAO:0000761 EMAPA:18721 FMA:13321 GAID:182 MA:0001329 MESH:D002968 MFMO:0000047 NCIT:C12695 SCTID:181910004 VHOG:0000849 VSAO:0005031 Wikipedia:Clavicle galen:Clavicle clavicle clavicula collar bone collarbone clavicle bone A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. PHENOSCAPE:ad https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/103 clavicle VSAO:0005031 clavicula VSAO:0005031 The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]. EFO:0003067 EHDAA2:0000932 EHDAA:8307 EMAPA:18178 FMA:13357 MA:0002331 NCIT:C33150 SCTID:181747008 VHOG:0000930 Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle dorsal latissimus muscle latissimi dorsi latissimus dorsi musculus latissimus dorsi musculus latissimus dorsi Dorsal group[Kardong] latissimus dorsi muscle The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle latissimi dorsi musculus latissimus dorsi Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. EMAPA:18306 FMA:13361 MA:0000360 NCIT:C49579 SCTID:245378000 Wikipedia:Liver#Lobes hepatic lobe liver lobe lobus hepatis lobe of liver Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. Wikipedia:Liver#Lobes The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001008 EHDAA:4001 EMAPA:18311 FMA:13362 MA:0000363 NCIT:C33481 SCTID:362182008 TAO:0005173 VHOG:0001424 Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver ZFA:0005173 liver right lobe lobus hepaticus dexter right liver lobe 2nd lobe gall bladder lobe lobus hepatis dexter right hepatic lobe second lobe right lobe of liver The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver lobus hepaticus dexter right liver lobe ZFA:0005173 2nd lobe TAO:0005173 gall bladder lobe ZFA:0005173 lobus hepatis dexter Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver right hepatic lobe EMAPA:18311 second lobe TAO:0005173 The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001000 EHDAA:3995 EMAPA:18307 FMA:13363 MA:0000361 NCIT:C32965 SCTID:362183003 TAO:0005172 VHOG:0001423 Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver ZFA:0005172 left liver lobe liver left lobe lobus hepaticus sinister left hepatic lobe lobus hepatis sinister left lobe of liver The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver lobus hepaticus sinister left hepatic lobe EMAPA:18307 lobus hepatis sinister Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver A lobe of tissue that is part of a thyroid gland. EHDAA2:0002032 EMAPA:18196 FMA:13367 MA:0000131 NCIT:C33784 SCTID:245537001 VHOG:0000732 Wikipedia:Lobes_of_thyroid_gland lobus (glandula thyroidea) lobus glandulae thyroideae thyroid gland lobe thyroid lobe lobuli glandulae thyroideae The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm. , and its thickness about 2 cm. The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland. The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz. , the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves. The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids lobe of thyroid gland A lobe of tissue that is part of a thyroid gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lobus glandulae thyroideae FMA:13367 FMA:TA lobuli glandulae thyroideae Wikipedia:Lobes_of_thyroid_gland The serratus ventralis is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001832 EHDAA:9463 EMAPA:18525 FMA:13397 MA:0002378 NCIT:C53014 SCTID:181748003 VHOG:0000679 Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle Boxer's muscle serratus anterior serratus anterior muscle serratus ventralis muscle musculus serratus anterior serratus lateralis serratus ventralis The serratus ventralis is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle serratus anterior VHOG:0000679 musculus serratus anterior Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle serratus lateralis Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]. spine AAO:0000699 AAO:0000734 BTO:0000818 EFO:0001369 EHDA:10119 EMAPA:35919 FMA:13478 GAID:106 MA:0002416 MESH:D013131 NCIT:C12998 NCIT:C33588 NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102 SCTID:44300000 TAO:0001559 VHOG:0001142 VSAO:0000185 Wikipedia:Vertebral_column XAO:0003074 ZFA:0001559 galen:SpinalColumn backbone vertebral column skeleton columna vertebralis dorsal spine spinal column vertebral region vertebral column Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]. VSAO:0000185 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3530322&group_id=76834&atid=2257941 spine FMA:13478 backbone FMA:13478 vertebral column skeleton AAO:0000699 columna vertebralis BTO:0000818 dorsal spine BTO:0000818 spinal column MESH:A02.835.232.834 A foramen within a vertebral element through which the spinal cord runs. It is formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. AAO:0000729 FMA:13479 MA:0001454 SCTID:280734009 Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen vertebra neural canal foramen vertebrale vertebral foramen A foramen within a vertebral element through which the spinal cord runs. It is formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 foramen vertebrale Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism. AAO:0010545 BTO:0000997 CALOHA:TS-0745 EFO:0000862 EMAPA:32812 EV:0100134 FMA:13890 GAID:452 MA:0000128 MAT:0000082 MESH:D010280 MIAA:0000082 NCIT:C12765 SCTID:181121007 VHOG:0001188 Wikipedia:Parathyroid_gland XAO:0000167 parathyroid epithelial body parathyroid secreting cell parathyroid gland The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000678 Wikipedia:Parathyroid_gland epithelial body XAO:0000167 Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. AAO:0010245 AEO:0000142 BILA:0000134 BTO:0000199 CALOHA:TS-0440 EHDAA2:0003142 EMAPA:32688 FMA:14068 TAO:0005280 Wikipedia:Cardiac_muscle ZFA:0005280 galen:CardiacMuscle galen:CardiacMuscleTissue ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle cardiac muscle cardiac muscle muscle tissue cardiac muscle textus muscularis heart muscle muscle tissue heart muscle textus muscularis heart myocardium muscle tissue heart myocardium textus muscularis muscle of heart muscle tissue muscle of heart textus muscularis muscle tissue of cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart muscle muscle tissue of heart myocardium muscle tissue of muscle of heart muscle tissue of myocardium myocardium muscle tissue myocardium textus muscularis textus muscularis of cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart muscle textus muscularis of heart myocardium textus muscularis of muscle of heart textus muscularis of myocardium cardiac musculature cardiac muscle tissue Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. ZFA:0005280 cardiac muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart muscle muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart muscle textus muscularis OBOL:automatic heart myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic heart myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle of heart muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle of heart textus muscularis OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart muscle OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic muscle tissue of myocardium OBOL:automatic myocardium muscle tissue OBOL:automatic myocardium textus muscularis OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart muscle OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of heart myocardium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of muscle of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac musculature BILA:0000134 Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. skeletal muscle EMAPA:32716 FMA:14069 MA:0002439 NCIT:C13050 SCTID:426215008 Wikipedia:Skeletal_striated_muscle skeletal muscle system somatic muscle skeletal muscle tissue Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/324 skeletal muscle system BTO:0001103 somatic muscle BTO:0001103 Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. AAO:0010244 AEO:0000141 BTO:0001260 CALOHA:TS-0943 EFO:0000889 EHDAA2:0003141 EMAPA:32717 EV:0100378 FMA:14070 GAID:167 MA:0000166 MAT:0000303 MESH:D009130 MIAA:0000303 NCIT:C12437 TAO:0005274 VHOG:0001246 WBbt:0005781 Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue XAO:0000175 ZFA:0005274 galen:SmoothMuscle galen:SmoothMuscleTissue involuntary muscle non-striated muscle smooth muscle textus muscularis nonstriatus visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus smooth muscle tissue Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. GO:0006939 Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue textus muscularis nonstriatus FMA:14070 FMA:TA visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). AEO:0000111 BTO:0002422 CALOHA:TS-1183 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 EHDAA:2331 EHDAA:2349 EHDAA:295 EHDAA:6073 EHDAA:640 EHDAA:646 EMAPA:32856 FMA:14074 MA:0000565 NCIT:C33105 SCTID:361918002 Wikipedia:Mesothelium mesothelium Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). FMA:14074 Wikipedia:Mesothelium A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. BTO:0001713 CALOHA:TS-2223 EFO:0001405 FMA:14181 GAID:30 MESH:D001415 NCIT:C13062 SCTID:123961009 Wikipedia:Dorsum_(anatomy) galen:Back back back of body proper dorsal part of organism dorsum A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. BSPO:0000063 UBERONREF:0000006 Wikipedia:Dorsum_(anatomy) back FMA:14181 back of body proper FMA:14181 In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002783 EHDAA2:0001951 EHDAA:5414 EMAPA:18643 FMA:14332 MA:0002179 NCIT:C33687 SCTID:278031001 VHOG:0000552 Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein upper mesenteric vein vena mesenterica superior superior mesenteric vein In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein upper mesenteric vein BTO:0002783 vena mesenterica superior Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava. EMAPA:17874 FMA:14333 MA:0002143 NCIT:C32359 SCTID:181398004 Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein galen:CommonIliacVein common iliac venous tree vena iliaca communis common iliac vein A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava. MURDOCH:403 Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein vena iliaca communis Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava. BTO:0002681 EHDAA2:0001602 EHDAA:8722 EMAPA:28376 FMA:14334 GAID:544 MA:0002210 MESH:D012082 NCIT:C33462 SCTID:116358006 Wikipedia:Renal_vein galen:RenalVein kidney vein renal venous tree vein of kidney venae renales renal vein Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:csmith MP:0011323 kidney vein OBOL:automatic vein of kidney OBOL:automatic venae renales Wikipedia:Renal_vein A renal vein that drains the left kidney. FMA:14336 MA:0002211 NCIT:C52693 SCTID:116356005 left renal vein A renal vein that drains the left kidney. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. AAO:0010216 EMAPA:19221 FMA:14337 GAID:534 MA:0003015 MESH:D006503 NCIT:C32736 SCTID:278191001 TAO:0000670 Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein XAO:0000387 ZFA:0000670 galen:HepaticVein liver vein vein of liver vena hepatica hepatic veins venae hepaticae hepatic vein Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein ZFA:0000670 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3565355&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 liver vein OBOL:automatic vein of liver OBOL:automatic vena hepatica hepatic veins venae hepaticae Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis. BTO:0002678 EMAPA:18647 FMA:14344 MA:0002218 MA:0002234 NCIT:C53050 SCTID:264496006 Wikipedia:Testicular_vein male gonadal vein spermatic vein testicle vein testicular venous tree vein of testicle vena tesicularis vena testicularis dextra vena testicularis sinistra venae spermaticae testicular vein A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis. Wikipedia:Testicular_vein http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3220553&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 male gonadal vein Wikipedia:Testicular_vein spermatic vein Wikipedia:Testicular_vein testicle vein OBOL:automatic testicular venous tree Wikipedia:Testicular_vein vein of testicle OBOL:automatic vena tesicularis BTO:0002678 vena testicularis dextra Wikipedia:Testicular_vein vena testicularis sinistra Wikipedia:Testicular_vein venae spermaticae Wikipedia:Testicular_vein A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. EMAPA:18644 FMA:14346 MA:0002186 NCIT:C53058 SCTID:278193003 Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein female reproductive system gonad vein female reproductive system gonada vein gonad of female reproductive system vein gonada of female reproductive system vein ovary vein vein of female reproductive system gonad vein of female reproductive system gonada vein of gonad of female reproductive system vein of gonada of female reproductive system vein of ovary vena ovarica dextra vena ovarica sinistra ovarian vein A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein female reproductive system gonad vein OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonada vein OBOL:automatic gonad of female reproductive system vein OBOL:automatic gonada of female reproductive system vein OBOL:automatic ovary vein OBOL:automatic vein of female reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic vein of female reproductive system gonada OBOL:automatic vein of gonad of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic vein of gonada of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic vein of ovary OBOL:automatic vena ovarica dextra Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein vena ovarica sinistra Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein A vein that drains the adrenal gland. EHDAA2:0001966 EHDAA:8731 FMA:14348 MA:0002081 MA:0002229 NCIT:C53129 SCTID:278194009 Wikipedia:Suprarenal_vein adrenal vein suprarenal vein A vein that drains the adrenal gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/110 adrenal vein MA:0002081 The tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct. EHDAA2:0000333 EHDAA:3045 EMAPA:16841 FMA:14539 GAID:290 MA:0000355 MESH:D003549 NCIT:C32421 SCTID:245398005 TAO:0005166 VHOG:0000213 Wikipedia:Cystic_duct ZFA:0005166 galen:CysticDuct ductus cysticus cystic duct The tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0009493 ductus cysticus Wikipedia:Cystic_duct A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. BTO:0000166 CALOHA:TS-0122 EFO:0000850 EHDAA2:0000206 EHDAA:3913 EMAPA:35197 EV:0100397 FMA:14541 GAID:307 MA:0000334 MESH:D002432 MIAA:0000288 NCIT:C12381 SCTID:181256004 VHOG:0001559 Wikipedia:Cecum galen:Cecum caecum cecum intestinum crassum caecum caeca ceca blind intestine blindgut intestinum caecum intestinum crassum cecum Taxon notes: in some herbivorous lizards, a cecum is present between small and large intestines[Kardong] caecum A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. Wikipedia:Cecum caecum VHOG:0001559 cecum FMA:14541 caeca NCBITaxon:8782 ceca NCBITaxon:8782 blind intestine BTO:0000166 blindgut BTO:0000166 intestinum caecum BTO:0000166 intestinum crassum cecum BTO:0000166 A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]. vermix BTO:0000084 CALOHA:TS-1267 EFO:0000849 EHDAA2:0000588 EMAPA:35140 EV:0100076 EV:0100080 FMA:14542 GAID:308 MA:0001540 MAT:0000287 MESH:D001065 MIAA:0000287 NCIT:C12380 SCTID:181255000 VHOG:0001306 Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix galen:AppendixVermiformis appendix appendix vermiformis caecal appendix cecal appendix apex of caecum apex of cecum appendix vermiformis vermiform appendix http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-1316 A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]. Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-8770 appendix vermiformis FMA:14542 FMA:TA apex of caecum EMAPA:35140 apex of cecum VHOG:0001306 appendix vermiformis Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. AAO:0010400 BTO:0000269 CALOHA:TS-0158 EFO:0000361 EMAPA:18939 EV:0100079 FMA:14543 GAID:309 MA:0000335 MAP:0000001 MAT:0000526 MESH:D003106 NCIT:C12382 SCTID:302508007 TAO:0000706 VHOG:0000648 Wikipedia:Colon_(anatomy) XAO:0000243 ZFA:0000706 galen:Colon large bowel posterior intestine hindgut colon A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. Wikipedia:Colon_(anatomy) ZFIN:curator http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]. BTO:0000270 CALOHA:TS-0057 EFO:0000843 EMAPA:35151 FMA:14545 MA:0001541 MAT:0000311 MIAA:0000311 NCIT:C12265 SCTID:362162009 Wikipedia:Ascending_colon galen:AscendingColon colon ascendens spiral colon ascending colon Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]. FMA:14545 Wikipedia:Ascending_colon colon ascendens Wikipedia:Ascending_colon spiral colon Wikipedia:Spiral_colon The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. BTO:0000272 CALOHA:TS-2052 EFO:0000844 EMAPA:35880 FMA:14546 MA:0001543 MAT:0000312 MIAA:0000312 NCIT:C12385 SCTID:362163004 Wikipedia:Transverse_colon galen:TransverseColon colon transversum transverse colon The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. BTO:0000272 Wikipedia:Transverse_colon colon transversum Wikipedia:Transverse_colon The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. BTO:0000641 CALOHA:TS-2010 EFO:0000845 EMAPA:35285 FMA:14547 MA:0001542 MAT:0000313 MIAA:0000313 NCIT:C12268 SCTID:362165006 Wikipedia:Descending_colon galen:DescendingColon colon descendens descending colon The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. BTO:0000641 colon descendens Wikipedia:Descending_colon The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. BTO:0000645 CALOHA:TS-2044 EFO:0000846 EMAPA:36391 FMA:14548 MAT:0000314 MESH:D012809 MIAA:0000314 NCIT:C12384 NCIT:C33550 SCTID:362166007 Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon galen:SigmoidColon colon sigmoideum pelvic colon sigmoid colon sigmoid flexure sigmoid colon The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon colon sigmoideum Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. BTO:0000505 EMAPA:35810 FMA:14560 MA:0002559 NCIT:C12258 SCTID:362140009 Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach galen:GastricCorpus corpus gastricum (ventriculare) gastric body stomach body corpus gastricum corpus ventriculare corpus ventriculi gastric corpus body of stomach The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. GO:0014845 Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach corpus gastricum BTO:0000505 Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach corpus ventriculare BTO:0000505 corpus ventriculi BTO:0000505 The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]. BTO:0000198 EMAPA:35811 FMA:14561 GAID:319 MA:0001609 MESH:D002299 NCIT:C12256 SCTID:362138004 Wikipedia:Cardia cardial part of stomach gastric cardia pars cardiaca (gaster) pars cardiaca gastricae stomach cardiac region antrum cardiacum cardiac antrum cardiac orifice cardiac region cardial orifice cardia of stomach The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]. BTO:0000198 Wikipedia:Cardia pars cardiaca gastricae FMA:14561 FMA:TA stomach cardiac region MA:0001609 antrum cardiacum Wikipedia:Cardia cardiac orifice Wikipedia:Cardia cardiac region Wikipedia:Cardia cardial orifice Wikipedia:Cardia The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. antrum BTO:0001732 EFO:0002555 EMAPA:17891 FMA:14579 GAID:332 MA:0001624 MESH:D011706 NCIT:C12259 SCTID:362142001 Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum galen:PyloricAntrum antrum of stomach stomach pyloric antrum antrum of Willis antrum pylori antrum pyloricum gastric antrum stomach antrum pyloric antrum The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010790 antrum of Willis BTO:0001732 antrum pylori BTO:0001732 antrum pyloricum BTO:0001732 Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum gastric antrum BTO:0001732 The stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum. BTO:0001146 EHDAA2:0001580 EHDAA:4860 EMAPA:17631 FMA:14581 GAID:333 MA:0002560 MESH:D011708 NCIT:C12260 SCTID:362143006 VHOG:0000420 Wikipedia:Pylorus galen:Pylorus pars pylorica pars pylorica gastricae pyloric part of stomach pyloric region stomach pyloric region valvula pylori pylorus The stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum. MGI:csmith MP:0010785 pars pylorica pars pylorica gastricae FMA:14581 FMA:TA stomach pyloric region EHDAA2:0001580 valvula pylori Wikipedia:Pylorus The layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between. EMAPA:35826 FMA:14582 MA:0002692 SCTID:279995000 galen:WallOfStomach anatomical wall of stomach anatomical wall of ventriculus gastric wall stomach anatomical wall stomach wall ventriculus anatomical wall ventriculus wall wall of ventriculus wall of stomach The layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between. MGI:csmith MP:0010783 anatomical wall of stomach OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic stomach anatomical wall OBOL:automatic ventriculus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic ventriculus wall OBOL:automatic wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35785 FMA:14615 MA:0002696 NCIT:C33573 anatomical wall of small bowel anatomical wall of small intestine small bowel anatomical wall small bowel wall small intestinal wall small intestine anatomical wall small intestine wall wall of small bowel wall of small intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of small bowel OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel anatomical wall OBOL:automatic small bowel wall OBOL:automatic small intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic wall of small bowel OBOL:automatic An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35470 FMA:14619 MA:0002695 anatomical wall of large intestine large intestinal wall large intestine anatomical wall large intestine wall wall of large intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of large intestine OBOL:automatic large intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. FMA:14643 MA:0001555 SCTID:245456008 Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28proper.29 mesentery (proper) mesentery proper small intestinal mesentery small intestine mesentery mesentery of small intestine The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28proper.29 mesentery (proper) Wikipedia:Mesentery mesentery proper FMA:14643 small intestinal mesentery FMA:14643 small intestine mesentery OBOL:automatic The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. FMA:14653 MA:0002498 NCIT:C33341 portal lobule The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. MP:0008992 The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. EMAPA:35497 FMA:14654 MA:0002496 NCIT:C32992 SCTID:272214009 liver acinus portal acinus hepatic acinus The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/histo_acinus.html A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. AAO:0011020 EMAPA:35172 FMA:14665 SCTID:181267003 Wikipedia:Biliary_tract XAO:0000455 biliary tract The path in many species is as follows: Bile canaliculi -> Canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) -> interlobular bile ducts -> intrahepatic bile ducts -> left and right hepatic ducts merge to form -> common hepatic duct *exits liver* and joins -> cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming -> common bile duct -> joins with pancreatic duct -> forming ampulla of Vater -> enters duodenum [WP] biliary tree A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. DOI:10.1002/ar.20664 biliary tract MA:0001273 The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. EHDAA2:0000303 EHDAA:3981 EMAPA:17201 FMA:14667 GAID:282 MA:0001631 MESH:D003135 NCIT:C12698 SCTID:362199009 TAO:0005165 VHOG:0000214 Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct ZFA:0005165 galen:CommonBileDuct ductus choledochus (biliaris) ductus choledochus common bile duct The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. MGI:csmith MP:0009495 ductus choledochus Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. EMAPA:19101 FMA:14668 GAID:286 MA:0002660 MESH:D006500 NCIT:C32356 SCTID:245403006 VHOG:0000220 Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct ductus hepaticus communis hepatic duct common hepatic duct Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct ZFIN:curator ductus hepaticus communis Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. EHDAA2:0001727 EHDAA:3992 EMAPA:32797 FMA:14669 MA:0001639 NCIT:C33476 SCTID:245401008 VHOG:0000217 ductus hepaticus dexter right hepatic duct The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26034 ductus hepaticus dexter The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. EHDAA2:0000941 EHDAA:3990 EMAPA:32795 FMA:14670 MA:0001638 NCIT:C32960 SCTID:245400009 VHOG:0000218 ductus hepaticus sinister left hepatic duct The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26035 ductus hepaticus sinister The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space. EMAPA:16592 FMA:14703 SCTID:362702003 TAO:0005132 VHOG:0001528 Wikipedia:Visceral_peritoneum ZFA:0005132 visceral serous membrane of peritoneum visceral peritoneum The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space. Wikipedia:Peritoneum#Types http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 visceral serous membrane of peritoneum UBERON:cjm Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum. BTO:0001782 EHDAA2:0001446 EMAPA:16138 FMA:14704 GAID:24 MA:0000054 MESH:D010529 NCIT:C12769 SCTID:181616008 VHOG:0000852 Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity cavitas peritonealis saccus serosus peritonei peritoneal cavity Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum. Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 cavitas peritonealis BTO:0001782 Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity saccus serosus peritonei Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity Mesenteric artery that supplies the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. BTO:0002303 EHDAA2:0001949 EHDAA:3358 EHDAA:5313 EMAPA:18619 FMA:14749 GAID:502 MA:0002005 MESH:D017538 NCIT:C33685 SCTID:362048004 VHOG:0000754 Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery galen:SuperiorMesentericArtery superior mesenteric arterial tree arteria mesenterica superior superior mesenteric artery Mesenteric artery that supplies the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. MESH:A07.231.114.565.755 arteria mesenterica superior BTO:0002303 Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery Mesenteric artery that supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]. IMA BTO:0002302 EHDAA2:0000817 EHDAA:4345 EMAPA:18618 FMA:14750 GAID:501 MA:0002004 MESH:D017537 NCIT:C32780 SCTID:181341006 VHOG:0001116 Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery galen:InferiorMesentericArtery inferior mesenteric arterial tree arteria mesenterica inferior inferior mesenteric artery Mesenteric artery that supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery IMA arteria mesenterica inferior BTO:0002302 Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates. AAO:0010223 BTO:0001165 EFO:0002552 EHDAA2:0004100 EHDAA:5321 EHDAA:8594 EMAPA:28373 FMA:14751 GAID:507 MA:0002035 MESH:D012077 NCIT:C12778 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001600 SCTID:181339005 TAO:0000420 Wikipedia:Renal_artery ZFA:0000420 galen:RenalArtery renal arterial tree arteria renalis renal arteries renal artery One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Renal_artery arteria renalis Wikipedia:Renal_artery renal arteries Renal artery that supplies the left kidney. FMA:14753 MA:0002036 NCIT:C52741 SCTID:19215005 left renal arterial tree The left [renal artery] is somewhat higher than the right; it lies behind the left renal vein, the body of the pancreas and the splenic vein, and is crossed by the inferior mesenteric vein[WP] left renal artery Renal artery that supplies the left kidney. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad. EMAPA:18621 FMA:14758 MA:0002063 SCTID:244281003 Wikipedia:Testicular_artery testicular arterial tree arteria testicularis internal spermatic internal spermatic arteries internal spermatic artery internal spermatic vessels spermatic arteries spermatic artery spermatic vessels testicular arteries testicular artery One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad. Wikipedia:Testicular_artery http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteria testicularis Wikipedia:Testicular_artery internal spermatic Wikipedia:Testicular_artery internal spermatic arteries Wikipedia:Testicular_artery internal spermatic artery Wikipedia:Testicular_artery internal spermatic vessels Wikipedia:Testicular_artery spermatic arteries Wikipedia:Testicular_artery spermatic artery Wikipedia:Testicular_artery spermatic vessels Wikipedia:Testicular_artery testicular arteries Wikipedia:Testicular_artery A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle. FMA:14759 MA:0002042 NCIT:C52738 right spermatic artery trunk of right testicular arterial tree right testicular artery A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle. OBOL:automatic An artery that supplies an ovary. EMAPA:18620 FMA:14761 MA:0002012 NCIT:C33242 SCTID:244280002 Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery ovarian arterial tree arteria ovarica ovarian artery An artery that supplies an ovary. OBOL:automatic arteria ovarica Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0000311 EHDAA:2553 EMAPA:17310 FMA:14764 MA:0001972 NCIT:C32357 SCTID:362050007 Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery common iliac arterial tree arteria iliaca communis See notes for parent class common iliac artery The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery arteria iliaca communis Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery An artery that supplies the liver. BTO:0004307 EMAPA:17859 FMA:14769 GAID:496 MA:0001963 MESH:D006499 NCIT:C32729 SCTID:76015000 TAO:0005161 ZFA:0005161 galen:HepaticArtery arteria hepatica propria arteria hepatica hepatic artery An artery that supplies the liver. Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteria hepatica propria arteria hepatica BTO:0004307 An artery that supplies the spleen. EMAPA:19216 FMA:14773 GAID:510 MA:0001991 MA:0003177 MESH:D013157 NCIT:C33597 SCTID:244266009 Wikipedia:Splenic_artery galen:SplenicArtery arteria splenica lienal artery arteria lienalis splenic artery An artery that supplies the spleen. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteria splenica Wikipedia:Splenic_artery lienal artery MA:0001991 arteria lienalis Wikipedia:Splenic_artery The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:14810 MA:0002007 NCIT:C52981 SCTID:244276007 Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery galen:MiddleColicArtery arteria colica media middle colic artery The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery arteria colica media Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:14815 MA:0001970 NCIT:C32760 SCTID:244279000 Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery galen:IleocolicArtery arteria ileocolica ileocolic artery The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery arteria ileocolica Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. BTO:0001308 CALOHA:TS-0404 EMAPA:35817 FMA:14907 GAID:321 MA:0002683 MESH:D005753 NCIT:C32656 SCTID:362131005 Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa galen:GastricMucosa gastric mucosa gastric mucous membrane mucosa of organ of stomach mucosa of organ of ventriculus mucosa of ventriculus mucous membrane of stomach mucous membrane of ventriculus organ mucosa of stomach organ mucosa of ventriculus stomach mucosa stomach mucosa of organ stomach mucous membrane stomach organ mucosa tunica mucosa (gaster) tunica mucosa gastricae ventriculus mucosa ventriculus mucosa of organ ventriculus mucous membrane ventriculus organ mucosa Magenschleimhaut tunica mucosa gastris mucosa of stomach The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mucosa of organ of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ventriculus OBOL:automatic mucosa of ventriculus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ventriculus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ventriculus OBOL:automatic stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa gastricae FMA:14907 FMA:TA ventriculus mucosa OBOL:automatic ventriculus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ventriculus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic ventriculus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic Magenschleimhaut BTO:0001308 tunica mucosa gastris BTO:0001308 Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa The fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa. BTO:0002110 EMAPA:35825 FMA:14908 MA:0002685 NCIT:C32663 SCTID:52459002 gastric submucosa stomach submucosa submucosa of ventriculus tela submucosa (gaster) tela submucosa gastricae ventriculus submucosa submucous layer of stomach tela submucosa ventriculi submucosa of stomach The fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa. MGI:csmith MP:0010794 submucosa of ventriculus OBOL:automatic tela submucosa gastricae FMA:14908 FMA:TA ventriculus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucous layer of stomach BTO:0002110 tela submucosa ventriculi BTO:0002110 The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. EMAPA:35822 FMA:14914 MA:0001626 NCIT:C32662 SCTID:1353004 anatomical wall of stomach serosa anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane gastric wall serosa gastric wall serous membrane serosa of anatomical wall of stomach serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa of gastric wall serosa of stomach anatomical wall serosa of stomach wall serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall serosa of ventriculus wall serosa of wall of stomach serosa of wall of ventriculus serous coat of stomach serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane of gastric wall serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall serous membrane of stomach wall serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane of ventriculus wall serous membrane of wall of stomach serous membrane of wall of ventriculus stomach anatomical wall serosa stomach anatomical wall serous membrane stomach serosa stomach wall serosa stomach wall serous membrane tunica serosa (gaster) tunica serosa gastricae ventriculus anatomical wall serosa ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane ventriculus wall serosa ventriculus wall serous membrane visceral peritoneum of stomach wall of stomach serosa wall of stomach serous membrane wall of ventriculus serosa wall of ventriculus serous membrane gastric serosa serosa of stomach The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. MGI:csmith MP:0010793 anatomical wall of stomach serosa OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane OBOL:automatic gastric wall serosa OBOL:automatic gastric wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of stomach OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic serosa of gastric wall OBOL:automatic serosa of stomach anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serosa of stomach wall OBOL:automatic serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serosa of ventriculus wall OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of stomach OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gastric wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of stomach wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of ventriculus wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of stomach OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of ventriculus OBOL:automatic stomach anatomical wall serosa OBOL:automatic stomach anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach wall serosa OBOL:automatic stomach wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic tunica serosa gastricae FMA:14914 FMA:TA ventriculus anatomical wall serosa OBOL:automatic ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic ventriculus wall serosa OBOL:automatic ventriculus wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic wall of stomach serosa OBOL:automatic wall of stomach serous membrane OBOL:automatic wall of ventriculus serosa OBOL:automatic wall of ventriculus serous membrane OBOL:automatic A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. AAO:0011093 EMAPA:19251 FMA:14916 MA:0002952 NCIT:C33433 SCTID:268073008 VHOG:0001466 XAO:0000457 pyloric valve pyloric sphincter A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pyloric valve Wikipedia:Pylorus A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001259 CALOHA:TS-0941 EMAPA:35780 FMA:14933 MA:0002686 NCIT:C33568 SCTID:362144000 mucosa of organ of small bowel mucosa of organ of small intestine mucosa of small bowel mucous membrane of small bowel mucous membrane of small intestine organ mucosa of small bowel organ mucosa of small intestine small bowel mucosa small bowel mucosa of organ small bowel mucous membrane small bowel organ mucosa small intestinal mucosa small intestine mucosa small intestine mucosa of organ small intestine mucous membrane small intestine organ mucosa tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue) tunica mucosa intestini tenuis mucosa of small intestine A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of small bowel OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of small intestine OBOL:automatic mucosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of small bowel OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel mucosa OBOL:automatic small bowel mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic small bowel mucous membrane OBOL:automatic small bowel organ mucosa OBOL:automatic small intestine mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic small intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa intestini tenuis FMA:14933 FMA:TA Submucosal tissue in the small intestines. BTO:0002112 FMA:14934 MA:0001562 NCIT:C33572 SCTID:691000 Wikipedia:Small_intestinal_submucosa small bowel submucosa small intestinal submucosa small intestine submucosa submucosa of small bowel tela submucosa (intestinum tenue) tela submucosa intestini tenuis submucosa of small intestine Submucosal tissue in the small intestines. Wikipedia:Small_intestinal_submucosa small bowel submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic tela submucosa intestini tenuis BTO:0002112 A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14938 MA:0001558 SCTID:8266009 serosa of small bowel serous coat of small intestine serous membrane of small bowel serous membrane of small intestine small bowel serosa small bowel serous membrane small intestinal serosa small intestine serosa small intestine serous membrane tunica serosa (intestinum tenue) tunica serosa intestini tenuis visceral peritoneum of small intestine serosa of small intestine A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic serosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic serous membrane of small bowel OBOL:automatic serous membrane of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel serosa OBOL:automatic small bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic small intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic tunica serosa intestini tenuis FMA:14938 FMA:TA A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2106 EMAPA:35467 FMA:14969 MA:0002688 NCIT:C32926 large intestinal mucosa large intestine mucosa large intestine mucosa of organ large intestine mucous membrane large intestine organ mucosa mucosa of organ of large intestine mucous membrane of large intestine organ mucosa of large intestine tunica mucosa intestini crassi mucosa of large intestine A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic large intestine mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic large intestine mucous membrane OBOL:automatic large intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of large intestine OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of large intestine OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa intestini crassi FMA:14969 FMA:TA A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002111 FMA:14970 MA:0002690 NCIT:C32930 large intestinal submucosa large intestine submucosa tela submucosa intestini crassi submucous layer of large intestine submucosa of large intestine A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic tela submucosa intestini crassi FMA:14970 FMA:TA submucous layer of large intestine BTO:0002111 A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14975 MA:0001546 NCIT:C32929 large intestinal serosa large intestine serosa large intestine serous membrane serous coat of large intestine serous membrane of large intestine tunica serosa intestini crassi visceral peritoneum of large intestine serosa of large intestine A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic large intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of large intestine OBOL:automatic tunica serosa intestini crassi FMA:14975 FMA:TA A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. BTO:0002376 EMAPA:36522 FMA:15060 GAID:314 MA:0001551 MESH:D002011 NCIT:C13010 SCTID:41298001 Wikipedia:Brunner's_glands Brunner's gland gland of Brunner submucosal gland of duodenum glandula duodenales glandula duodenales Brunneri duodenal gland A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]. Wikipedia:Brunner's_glands Brunner's gland FMA:15060 gland of Brunner FMA:15060 glandula duodenales BTO:0002376 glandula duodenales Brunneri BTO:0002376 The tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold. BTO:0003121 EMAPA:35784 FMA:15072 MA:0001563 NCIT:C33874 SCTID:23230007 TAO:0005125 Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus ZFA:0005125 enteric villi enteric villous enteric villus intestinal villi villi intestinales villus villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) intestinal villus layer small intestine villus villi intestinales intestinal villus The tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold. MGI:csmith MGI:rbabiuk MP:0008108 enteric villi HP:0011473 enteric villous HP:0011473 enteric villus HP:0011473 intestinal villi ZFA:0005125 villi intestinales villus BTO:0003121 villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue) FMA:15072 small intestine villus MA:0001563 villi intestinales Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002782 EHDAA2:0000819 EHDAA:8712 EMAPA:18642 FMA:15391 MA:0002178 NCIT:C32782 SCTID:281055007 VHOG:0001118 Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein lower mesenteric vein vena mesenterica inferior inferior mesenteric vein A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein lower mesenteric vein BTO:0002782 vena mesenterica inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum. FMA:15402 MA:0002153 Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins venae jejunales jejunal vein A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum. Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 venae jejunales Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein. FMA:15405 MA:0002140 NCIT:C53046 Wikipedia:Ileal_veins ileal vein The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein. ncithesaurus:Ileal_Vein The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:15406 MA:0002181 SCTID:9018004 Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein vena colica media (intermedia) vena colica media middle colic vein The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein vena colica media Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:15408 MA:0002141 NCIT:C53047 SCTID:36208008 Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein vena ileocolica ileocolic vein The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein vena ileocolica Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein An ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15571 MA:0001685 NCIT:C49327 SCTID:276251000 right ureter An ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]. CALOHA:TS-2230 EMAPA:17948 FMA:15575 GAID:426 MA:0000374 MESH:D007682 NCIT:C12887 SCTID:362221007 Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis galen:RenalPelvis kidney pelvis pelvis of ureter p. renallis pyelum In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter renal pelvis A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]. MP:0004194 p. renallis Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis pyelum MP:0004194 Outer cortical portion of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. BTO:0001166 CALOHA:TS-0503 EMAPA:17952 FMA:15581 GAID:424 MA:0000372 MESH:D007672 NCIT:C12739 SCTID:362211004 Wikipedia:Renal_cortex galen:CortexOfKidney cortex renalis kidney cortex renal cortex cortex of kidney Outer cortical portion of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. Wikipedia:Renal_cortex cortex renalis FMA:15581 FMA:TA The structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. BTO:0000333 CALOHA:TS-1317 EMAPA:28236 EMAPA:35726 EV:0100385 FMA:15625 MA:0000376 NCIT:C33456 SCTID:361329009 TAO:0005281 VHOG:0001262 Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle ZFA:0005281 Malphigian corpuscle Malpighian corpuscle corpusculum renale corpusculum renis cortical renal corpuscle kidney corpuscle Together, the Bowmans capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron renal corpuscle The structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0002827 Malphigian corpuscle MA:0000376 Malpighian corpuscle ZFA:0005281 corpusculum renale corpusculum renis Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle cortical renal corpuscle MA:0000376 kidney corpuscle Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle A cup-like sac at the expanded beginning of a tubular component of a nephron that contains the glomerulus. AAO:0010526 BTO:0002297 EMAPA:27973 EMAPA:28257 FMA:15626 KUPO:0001001 MA:0001660 NCIT:C32225 SCTID:361331000 TAO:0005254 TAO:0005310 Wikipedia:Bowman%27s_capsule ZFA:0005254 ZFA:0005310 Bowman's capsule Bowmans capsule capsula glomerularis renal glomerular capsule Bowman's capsule Malphigian capsule Malpighian capsule Mueller capsule Muellerian capsule capsula glomeruli pronephric glomerular capsule glomerular capsule A cup-like sac at the expanded beginning of a tubular component of a nephron that contains the glomerulus. MGI:pvb MP:0002828 Wikipedia:Bowman%27s_capsule Bowman's capsule http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron Bowmans capsule KUPO:0001001 capsula glomerularis renal glomerular capsule TAO:0005254 Bowman's capsule TAO:0005254 Malphigian capsule BTO:0002297 Malpighian capsule UBERON:cjm Mueller capsule BTO:0002297 Muellerian capsule BTO:0002297 capsula glomeruli pronephric glomerular capsule TAO:0005310 An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. renal tubule BTO:0000343 CALOHA:TS-1262 EFO:0003666 EMAPA:27782 EV:0100387 FMA:15627 GAID:433 MA:0000377 MESH:D007684 NCIT:C49274 SCTID:361332007 TAO:0001287 Wikipedia:Renal_tubule ZFA:0001287 kidney tubule tubulus renalis uriniferous tubule nephron tubule An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. GO:0072078 Wikipedia:Renal_tubule kidney tubule GAID:433 uriniferous tubule MA:0000377 The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient. BTO:0000761 CALOHA:TS-0860 EMAPA:28407 EV:0100391 FMA:15628 GAID:434 MA:0000371 MESH:D007685 SCTID:28202009 TAO:0005294 Wikipedia:Collecting_tubule ZFA:0005294 collecting duct kidney collecting duct renal collecting tubule tubulus renalis arcuatus tubulus renalis colligens arcuate renal tubule collecting duct system collecting tubule junctional tube kidney collecting tubule ureteric tree collecting duct of renal tubule The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient. GO:0072044 Wikipedia:Collecting_tubule collecting duct GO:0072044 renal collecting tubule FMA:15628 tubulus renalis arcuatus Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule arcuate renal tubule Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule collecting duct system BTO:0000761 junctional tube Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule ureteric tree EMAPA:28407 The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone. AAO:0011009 BTO:0000045 CALOHA:TS-0015 EFO:0000237 EMAPA:18427 EV:0100136 FMA:15632 GAID:447 MA:0000118 MAT:0000494 MESH:D000302 NCIT:C12396 SCTID:362584002 VHOG:0001481 Wikipedia:Adrenal_cortex XAO:0000165 adrenal gland cortex cortex (glandula suprarenalis) cortex of adrenal gland cortex of suprarenal gland suprarenal cortex cortex glandulae suprarenalis suprarenal adrenal cortex The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:llw2 MP:0008288 cortex glandulae suprarenalis BTO:0000045 Wikipedia:Adrenal_cortex The inner portion of the adrenal gland that consists mainly of chromaffin cells which produce, store and secrete neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. AAO:0011010 BTO:0000049 CALOHA:TS-0018 EFO:0000852 EMAPA:18428 EV:0100137 FMA:15633 GAID:451 MA:0000119 MAT:0000495 MESH:D019439 NCIT:C12397 SCTID:362585001 VHOG:0001378 Wikipedia:Adrenal_medulla XAO:0000166 adrenal gland medulla medulla (glandula suprarenalis) medulla glandulae suprarenalis medulla of adrenal gland medulla of suprarenal gland suprarenal medulla adrenal central medulla chromaffin cells medulla of glandula suprarenalis adrenal medulla The inner portion of the adrenal gland that consists mainly of chromaffin cells which produce, store and secrete neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. MESH:A06.407.071.265 MGI:llw2 MP:0008289 medulla glandulae suprarenalis FMA:15633 FMA:TA medulla of adrenal gland OBOL:automatic medulla of glandula suprarenalis BTO:0000049 Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. EMAPA:35779 FMA:15651 MA:0001554 NCIT:C49297 SCTID:63588008 lamina propria mucosa of small bowel lamina propria mucosa of small intestine lamina propria mucosae of small bowel lamina propria mucosae of small intestine lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine lamina propria of small bowel small bowel lamina propria small bowel lamina propria mucosa small bowel lamina propria mucosae small intestine lamina propria small intestine lamina propria mucosa small intestine lamina propria mucosae lamina propria of small intestine Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine. GOC:Obol lamina propria mucosa of small bowel OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of small intestine OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of small bowel OBOL:automatic lamina propria of small bowel OBOL:automatic small bowel lamina propria OBOL:automatic small bowel lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic small bowel lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic small intestine lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic small intestine lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. BTO:0000642 EMAPA:35440 FMA:15695 GAID:296 MA:0001537 MESH:D007413 NCIT:C49241 SCTID:362080002 bowel mucosa bowel mucosa of organ bowel mucous membrane bowel organ mucosa intestine mucosa intestine mucosa of organ intestine mucous membrane intestine organ mucosa mucosa of bowel mucosa of intestine mucosa of organ of bowel mucosa of organ of intestine mucous membrane of bowel mucous membrane of intestine organ mucosa of bowel organ mucosa of intestine tunica mucosa intestini intestinal mucosa Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. UBERON:cjm bowel mucosa OBOL:automatic bowel mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bowel mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bowel organ mucosa OBOL:automatic intestine mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic intestine mucous membrane OBOL:automatic intestine organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of bowel OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bowel OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of intestine OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bowel OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of intestine OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bowel OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of intestine OBOL:automatic A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15701 MA:0001538 anatomical wall of bowel serosa anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane anatomical wall of intestine serosa anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane bowel anatomical wall serosa bowel anatomical wall serous membrane bowel wall serosa bowel wall serous membrane intestinal serosa intestinal wall serosa intestinal wall serous membrane intestine anatomical wall serosa intestine anatomical wall serous membrane intestine serosa intestine wall serosa intestine wall serous membrane serosa of anatomical wall of bowel serosa of anatomical wall of intestine serosa of bowel anatomical wall serosa of bowel wall serosa of intestinal wall serosa of intestine anatomical wall serosa of intestine wall serosa of wall of bowel serosa of wall of intestine serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall serous membrane of bowel wall serous membrane of intestinal wall serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall serous membrane of intestine wall serous membrane of wall of bowel serous membrane of wall of intestine visceral peritoneum of intestine wall of bowel serosa wall of bowel serous membrane wall of intestine serosa wall of intestine serous membrane serosa of intestine A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of bowel serosa OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of intestine serosa OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic bowel anatomical wall serosa OBOL:automatic bowel anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic bowel wall serosa OBOL:automatic bowel wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic intestinal wall serosa OBOL:automatic intestinal wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic intestine anatomical wall serosa OBOL:automatic intestine anatomical wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic intestine wall serosa OBOL:automatic intestine wall serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of bowel OBOL:automatic serosa of anatomical wall of intestine OBOL:automatic serosa of bowel anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serosa of bowel wall OBOL:automatic serosa of intestinal wall OBOL:automatic serosa of intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serosa of intestine wall OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of bowel OBOL:automatic serosa of wall of intestine OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel OBOL:automatic serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine OBOL:automatic serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of bowel wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of intestinal wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of intestine wall OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of bowel OBOL:automatic serous membrane of wall of intestine OBOL:automatic wall of bowel serosa OBOL:automatic wall of bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic wall of intestine serosa OBOL:automatic wall of intestine serous membrane OBOL:automatic Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. BTO:0001680 CALOHA:TS-2005 EV:0100082 FMA:15711 GAID:312 MA:0000331 NCIT:C43362 SCTID:181262009 TADS:0000066 TGMA:0001279 WBbt:0005364 Wikipedia:Anus galen:Anus anal opening anal orifice opening of terminal part of digestive tract proctodeum anus Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. Wikipedia:Anus ZFIN:curator The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. FMA:15767 MA:0002668 NCIT:C32827 SCTID:83488001 Wikipedia:Interlobular_bile_ducts interlobular ductule interlobular bile duct The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. MP:0009500 interlobular ductule MP:0009500 A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a broad and thin antero-posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and backward. It is a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus. It is situated in an antero-posterior plane but lies obliquely, so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm and the posterior surface of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins[WP]. EHDAA2:0000499 EHDAA:4856 EMAPA:18288 FMA:15823 MA:0001622 NCIT:C32582 SCTID:362705001 VHOG:0000355 Wikipedia:Falciform_ligament falciform ligament of liver ligamentum falciforme (hepatis) ligamentum falciforme hepatis falciform ligament A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a broad and thin antero-posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and backward. It is a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus. It is situated in an antero-posterior plane but lies obliquely, so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm and the posterior surface of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins[WP]. Wikipedia:Falciform_ligament ligamentum falciforme hepatis FMA:15823 FMA:TA An adventitia that is part of a ureter. EMAPA:28114 FMA:15892 MA:0002652 SCTID:392273001 SCTID:47879001 external adventitia of ureter tunica adventitia (ureter) tunica adventitia ureteris ureter adventitia ureteral adventitia adventitia of ureter An adventitia that is part of a ureter. OBOL:automatic tunica adventitia (ureter) FMA:15892 FMA:TA tunica adventitia ureteris FMA:15892 FMA:TA A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:28841 FMA:15896 MA:0002653 SCTID:2771005 lamina propria mucosa of ureter lamina propria mucosae of ureter ureter lamina propria ureter lamina propria mucosa ureter lamina propria mucosae lamina propria of ureter A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of ureter OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of ureter OBOL:automatic ureter lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic ureter lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic Distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. bladder AAO:0000623 BTO:0001418 CALOHA:TS-1090 EFO:0000290 EHDAA2:0000174 EHDAA:9328 EMAPA:18321 EV:0100098 FMA:15900 GAID:0000004 MA:0000380 MAT:0000122 MESH:D001743 MIAA:0000122 NCIT:C12414 SCTID:302512001 VHOG:0000740 Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder XAO:0000154 galen:UrinaryBladder vesica urinaria urocyst vesica urinary bladder Distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. MGI:anna Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder bladder EHDAA2:0000174 vesica urinaria Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder urocyst Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder vesica BTO:0001418 An anatomical wall that lines the insider of a urinary bladder. BTO:0001462 EMAPA:35175 FMA:15902 MA:0002493 NCIT:C48941 SCTID:362225003 anatomical wall of bladder anatomical wall of urinary bladder bladder anatomical wall bladder wall urinary bladder anatomical wall urinary bladder wall wall of bladder wall of urinary bladder An anatomical wall that lines the insider of a urinary bladder. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 anatomical wall of bladder OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic bladder anatomical wall OBOL:automatic bladder wall OBOL:automatic urinary bladder anatomical wall OBOL:automatic wall of bladder OBOL:automatic The constricted portion of the urinary bladder, formed by the meeting of its inferolateral surfaces proximal to the opening of the urethra[MP]. EMAPA:36078 FMA:15912 MA:0002491 NCIT:C12336 SCTID:362227006 Wikipedia:Neck_of_urinary_bladder galen:UrinaryBladderNeck bladder neck cervix vesicae collum vesicae neck of bladder urinary bladder neck vesical neck cervix vesicae urinariae neck of urinary bladder The constricted portion of the urinary bladder, formed by the meeting of its inferolateral surfaces proximal to the opening of the urethra[MP]. MP:anna Wikipedia:Neck_of_urinary_bladder cervix vesicae FMA:15912 FMA:TA collum vesicae FMA:15912 FMA:TA cervix vesicae urinariae Wikipedia:Neck_of_urinary_bladder The mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder. EFO:0000293 EMAPA:35897 FMA:15928 MA:0001692 NCIT:C32205 SCTID:362224004 galen:MucousMembraneOfUrinaryBladder bladder mucosa bladder mucous membrane bladder organ mucosa mucosa of bladder mucous membrane of bladder mucous membrane of urinary bladder tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria) tunica mucosa vesicae tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae urinary bladder mucosa urinary bladder mucous membrane mucosa of urinary bladder The mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder. MGI:anna MP:0011766 bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria) FMA:15928 FMA:TA tunica mucosa vesicae FMA:15928 FMA:TA tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae MP:MP urinary bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:28661 FMA:15932 MA:0001696 SCTID:5868002 bladder serosa bladder serous membrane serosa of bladder serous coat of bladder serous coat of urinary bladder serous membrane of bladder serous membrane of urinary bladder tunica serosa (vesica urinaria) tunica serosa vesicae urinary bladder serosa urinary bladder serous membrane visceral peritoneum of urinary bladder serosa of urinary bladder A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bladder serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of bladder OBOL:automatic serous membrane of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic tunica serosa (vesica urinaria) FMA:15932 FMA:TA tunica serosa vesicae FMA:15932 FMA:TA urinary bladder serous membrane OBOL:automatic A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:30088 FMA:15935 MA:0001695 NCIT:C48940 bladder lamina propria bladder lamina propria mucosa bladder lamina propria mucosae lamina propria mucosa of bladder lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae of bladder lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder lamina propria of bladder urinary bladder lamina propria urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae lamina propria of urinary bladder A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bladder lamina propria OBOL:automatic bladder lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic bladder lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria of bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000647 EMAPA:35444 FMA:15949 MA:0001525 MA:0002693 NCIT:C49478 anatomical wall of bowel anatomical wall of intestine bowel anatomical wall bowel wall intestinal wall intestine anatomical wall intestine wall wall of bowel bowel wall wall of intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of bowel OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of intestine OBOL:automatic bowel anatomical wall OBOL:automatic bowel wall OBOL:automatic intestine anatomical wall OBOL:automatic wall of bowel OBOL:automatic bowel wall MA:0001525 The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. EMAPA:35651 FMA:16011 MA:0002417 NCIT:C49268 SCTID:247604006 acinus pancreaticus pancreas acinus pancreatic acinar pancreatic acini pancreatic acinus The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. MP:0009145 acinus pancreaticus FMA:16011 pancreatic acini An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO]. AAO:0010112 BTO:0000988 CALOHA:TS-0736 EFO:0000855 EHDAA2:0001367 EHDAA:6893 EMAPA:17503 EV:0100092 FMA:7198 GAID:334 MA:0000120 MAT:0000075 MESH:D010179 MIAA:0000075 NCIT:C12393 SCTID:181277001 TAO:0000140 VHOG:0000050 Wikipedia:Pancreas XAO:0000136 ZFA:0000140 galen:Pancreas pancreas An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO]. GO:0031016 A trabecula that is part of a spleen. EMAPA:35808 FMA:16027 MA:0000758 NCIT:C33607 SCTID:61987002 Wikipedia:Trabeculae_of_spleen spleen trabeculum splenic trabecula trabeculae of spleen trabecula of spleen A trabecula that is part of a spleen. OBOL:automatic trabeculae of spleen Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity. BTO:0001031 EMAPA:35683 FMA:16515 MA:0002531 Wikipedia:Peritoneal_fluid ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Fluid peritoneal fluid Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity. FMA:16515 The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]. AAO:0000770 EHDAA:10661 EMAPA:18346 FMA:16579 GAID:206 MA:0001335 MESH:D000077 NCIT:C32042 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001427 SCTID:182027007 VHOG:0000974 Wikipedia:Acetabulum acetabular region acetabulum acetabular part of hip bone The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Acetabulum acetabular region VHOG:0000974 acetabulum MA:0001335 A ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls. FMA:16580 SCTID:46633002 pelvis ossea skeletal system of pelvis bony pelvis A ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bony+pelvis skeletal system of pelvis FMA:16580 The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pelvic girdle regions. FMA:16581 NCIT:C33291 SCTID:360010001 VSAO:0000304 girdle - pelvic pelvic girdle pelvic girdle region The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pelvic girdle regions. DOI:10.1002/dvdy.22617 FMA:16581 FMA:23217 UBERONREF:0000003 https://groups.google.com/d/topic/obo-anatomy/h4R4xKmINrw/discussion https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic girdle A fused bone consisting of the ilium, ischium and pubis. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,modified]. bone of pelvic girdle innominate FMA:16585 GAID:205 SCTID:361776002 Wikipedia:Hip_bone coxal bone hip bone innominate bone os coxa os coxae pelvic bone basipterygium os innominatum innominate bone A fused bone consisting of the ilium, ischium and pubis. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Hip_bone https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/290 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bone of pelvic girdle FMA:16585 coxal bone FMA:16585 hip bone FMA:16585 innominate bone FMA:16585 os coxa os coxae FMA:16585 FMA:TA pelvic bone FMA:16585 os innominatum Wikipedia:Hip_bone Paired endochondral bone that is the dorsal-most of the pelvic bones, offering attachment areas for gluteal muscles on its main surface [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AAO:0000772 CALOHA:TS-2200 EFO:0003049 EMAPA:18726 FMA:16589 GAID:207 MA:0001336 MESH:D007085 NCIT:C32765 SCTID:182029005 Wikipedia:Ilium_(bone) galen:Ilium iliac bone ilium bone os iliacum os ilii os ilium illium ilium Paired endochondral bone that is the dorsal-most of the pelvic bones, offering attachment areas for gluteal muscles on its main surface [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. PHENOSCAPE:ad https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/105 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/60 iliac bone EMAPA:18726 os ilium FMA:16589 FMA:TA Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium. AAO:0000860 EMAPA:18727 FMA:16592 GAID:208 MA:0001337 MESH:D007512 NCIT:C32884 SCTID:182025004 VSAO:0005006 Wikipedia:Ischium galen:Ischium ischial bone ischium bone os ischii ischium Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium. VSAO:0005006 VSAO:NI Wikipedia:Ischium ischial bone EMAPA:18727 os ischii AAO:0000860 Wikipedia:Ischium A paired endochondral bone making up the anteroventral region of the tripartite pelvic girdle forming part of the ventral edge of the acetabulum. The origin site of many proximal hindlimb muscles. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AAO:0000861 EMAPA:18728 FMA:16595 MA:0001338 MESH:D011630 NCIT:C33423 SCTID:182035005 Wikipedia:Pubis_(bone) galen:Pubis os pubis pubic bone pubis bone pubis A paired endochondral bone making up the anteroventral region of the tripartite pelvic girdle forming part of the ventral edge of the acetabulum. The origin site of many proximal hindlimb muscles. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. PHENOSCAPE:ad https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/68 os pubis Wikipedia:Pubis_(bone) pubic bone Wikipedia:Pubis_(bone) pubis bone Wikipedia:Pubis_(bone) The epithelial layer of the stomach . BTO:0000500 CALOHA:TS-2068 EHDAA2:0001918 EMAPA:17023 FMA:17091 MA:0001610 SCTID:64977002 VHOG:0001433 epithelial tissue of stomach epithelial tissue of ventriculus epithelium of ventriculus stomach epithelial tissue stomach epithelium ventriculus epithelial tissue ventriculus epithelium gastric epithelium epithelium of stomach The epithelial layer of the stomach . MP:0000471 epithelial tissue of stomach OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ventriculus OBOL:automatic epithelium of ventriculus OBOL:automatic stomach epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic stomach epithelium OBOL:automatic ventriculus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic ventriculus epithelium OBOL:automatic gastric epithelium BTO:0000500 Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. BTO:0000781 EMAPA:32873 FMA:17229 MA:0001536 NCIT:C49240 SCTID:266135004 TAO:0005124 Wikipedia:Intestinal_epithelium ZFA:0005124 bowel epithelial tissue bowel epithelium epithelial tissue of bowel epithelial tissue of intestine epithelium of bowel epithelium of intestine intestine epithelial tissue villous epithelium intestine epithelium intestinal epithelium Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. UBERON:cjm bowel epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic bowel epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bowel OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of intestine OBOL:automatic epithelium of bowel OBOL:automatic epithelium of intestine OBOL:automatic intestine epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic villous epithelium ZFA:0005124 An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2105 EMAPA:35466 FMA:17301 MA:0001545 epithelial tissue of large intestine large intestinal epithelium large intestine epithelial tissue large intestine epithelium epithelium of large intestine An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of large intestine OBOL:automatic large intestine epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. FMA:17523 MA:0002499 NCIT:C33342 SCTID:362192000 Wikipedia:Portal_triad trias hepatica trias hepatica portal triad A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:csmith MP:0008993 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trias hepatica Wikipedia:Portal_triad The functional units of the liver including the lobules. AAO:0010405 EHDAA2:0001004 EHDAA:2201 EMAPA:17203 FMA:17540 MA:0000366 NCIT:C32735 SCTID:363535004 UMLS:C0736268 VHOG:0000539 XAO:0000454 hepatic parenchyma liver parenchyme parenchyma of liver hepatic parenchyme liver parenchyma The functional units of the liver including the lobules. MP:0008986 hepatic parenchyma FMA:17540 liver parenchyme XAO:0000454 parenchyma of liver FMA:17540 hepatic parenchyme VHOG:0000539 Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. EHDAA2:0000999 EMAPA:17365 FMA:17543 MA:0000367 NCIT:C32733 SCTID:67435004 TAO:0005091 VHOG:0000708 Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid ZFA:0005091 liver hepatic sinusoids liver sinusoid liver sinusoidal blood vessel sinusoid of liver sinusoidal blood vessel of liver vas capillare sinusoideum vas sinusoideum hepatic sinusoids hepatic sinusoid Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid ZFIN:curator liver hepatic sinusoids EHDAA2:0000999 liver sinusoidal blood vessel OBOL:automatic sinusoid of liver OBOL:automatic sinusoidal blood vessel of liver OBOL:automatic vas sinusoideum Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule. FMA:17545 MA:0002669 NCIT:C32255 SCTID:227002 SCTID:269922006 Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering canal of Herring cholangiole ductus interlobularis bilifer canal of Hering canals of Hering duct of Herring intrahepatic bile ductule intralobular bile duct The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule. MGI:csmith MP:0009499 canal of Herring FMA:17545 cholangiole FMA:17545 ductus interlobularis bilifer FMA:17545 FMA:TA canals of Hering Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering duct of Herring Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering intrahepatic bile ductule Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]. BTO:0000924 CALOHA:TS-1312 EMAPA:28491 EMAPA:35592 EV:0100384 FMA:17640 GAID:428 MA:0000375 MESH:D009399 NCIT:C13048 SCTID:361337001 TAO:0002153 Wikipedia:Nephron ZFA:0005282 mature nephron nephroneum tubulus renalis nephron The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]. PMID:9268568 Wikipedia:Nephron mature nephron EMAPA:28491 nephroneum Wikipedia:Nephron tubulus renalis Wikipedia:Nephron The glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. BTO:0001422 CALOHA:TS-0276 EFO:0000980 EMAPA:29917 EV:0100115 FMA:17742 GAID:377 MA:0000390 MAT:0000319 MESH:D004717 MIAA:0000319 NCIT:C12313 SCTID:278867007 VHOG:0001285 Wikipedia:Endometrium tunica mucosa (endometrium) tunica mucosa uteri uterine endometrium uterine mucosa uterine mucous membrane endometrium The glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. MESH:A05.360.319.679.490 MGI:smb MP:0004896 tunica mucosa (endometrium) FMA:17742 tunica mucosa uteri Wikipedia:Endometrium uterine endometrium BTO:0001422 uterine mucous membrane BTO:0001422 Outer serosa layer of the uterus. FMA:17744 MA:0001729 NCIT:C33298 SCTID:253705006 Wikipedia:Perimetrium perimetrium serous coat of uterus serous membrane of uterus tunica serosa (perimetrium) tunica serosa uteri uterine serosa uterus serosa uterus serous membrane visceral peritoneum of uterus serosa of uterus Outer serosa layer of the uterus. Wikipedia:Perimetrium perimetrium Wikipedia:Perimetrium serous coat of uterus Wikipedia:Perimetrium serous membrane of uterus OBOL:automatic tunica serosa uteri FMA:17744 FMA:TA uterus serous membrane OBOL:automatic The conic expansion of the corpus spongiosum that forms the head of the penis. glans BTO:0003118 EMAPA:18988 EV:0100108 FMA:18247 GAID:0000012 MA:0002726 NCIT:C12324 SCTID:263378009 VHOG:0001475 Wikipedia:Glans_penis balanus coronal sulcus glans penis The conic expansion of the corpus spongiosum that forms the head of the penis. MGI:anna MP:0009102 glans EV:0100108 balanus BTO:0003118 coronal sulcus Wikipedia:Glans_penis The external sac of skin that encloses the testes. It is an extension of the abdomen, and in placentals is located between the penis and anus. BTO:0003098 CALOHA:TS-2341 EMAPA:19296 FMA:18252 GAID:393 MA:0000409 MESH:D012611 NCIT:C12785 SCTID:265794003 Wikipedia:Scrotum galen:Scrotum scrotum The external sac of skin that encloses the testes. It is an extension of the abdomen, and in placentals is located between the penis and anus. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0002669 Wikipedia:Scrotum The elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens. BTO:0000408 CALOHA:TS-0285 EFO:0000982 EMAPA:19290 EV:0100103 FMA:18255 GAID:397 MA:0000397 MAT:0000130 MESH:D004822 MIAA:0000130 NCIT:C12328 SCTID:181432000 VHOG:0001265 Wikipedia:Epididymis galen:Epididymis epididymis The elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens. MGI:pvb MP:0002631 Layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP]. BTO:0004483 EHDAA:8126 EMAPA:17963 FMA:18629 MA:0001711 NCIT:C61518 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001361 SCTID:258308007 VHOG:0000630 Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(female) epithelium superficiale (ovarium) germinal epithelium (female) ovarian surface epithelium ovary germinal epithelium surface epithelium of ovary female coelomic epithelium ovary surface epithelium Controversial - see article. Requires expert input. Also check BTO placement germinal epithelium of ovary Layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP]. PMID:16923182 Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(female) Wikipedia:Talk:Germinal_epithelium_(female) germinal epithelium (female) Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(female) ovarian surface epithelium BTO:0004483 female coelomic epithelium EMAPA:17384 ovary surface epithelium EMAPA:17963 A capsule that surrounds a female gonad. EMAPA:35626 FMA:18662 MA:0001706 NCIT:C49265 SCTID:258491008 ovarian capsule ovary capsule capsule of ovary A capsule that surrounds a female gonad. OBOL:automatic The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0004666 EHDAA2:0000463 EHDAA:4337 EMAPA:17614 FMA:18805 MA:0001973 NCIT:C32558 SCTID:181352000 Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery galen:ExternalIliacArtery arteria iliaca externa external iliac artery The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery arteria iliaca externa Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0004667 EMAPA:17860 FMA:18808 MA:0001974 NCIT:C32845 SCTID:181346001 Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery galen:InternalIliacArtery arteria iliaca interna hypogastric artery internal iliac artery The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery arteria iliaca interna Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery hypogastric artery BTO:0004667 The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000841 CALOHA:TS-1077 EHDAA:1026 EHDAA:410 EMAPA:16331 EMAPA:16372 FMA:18820 GAID:516 MA:0002072 MESH:D014469 NCIT:C33827 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002106 SCTID:261404000 Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery a. umbilicalis umbilical artery The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/328 a. umbilicalis Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder. FMA:18839 MA:0002080 NCIT:C52686 SCTID:113268007 Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery arteria vesicali superior arteria vesicalis superior arteriae vesicales superiores superior vesical artery An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteria vesicali superior Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery arteria vesicalis superior Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery arteriae vesicales superiores Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified]. EHDAA2:0000464 FMA:18883 MA:0002144 NCIT:C32560 SCTID:181400000 Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein galen:ExternalIliacVein vena iliaca externa external iliac vein A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein vena iliaca externa Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0000874 FMA:18884 MA:0002139 MA:0002145 NCIT:C32847 SCTID:181399007 VHOG:0000749 Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein galen:InternalIliacVein hypogastric vein v. hypogastrica v. iliaca interna internal iliac vein A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein hypogastric vein MA:0002139 Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein v. hypogastrica Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein v. iliaca interna Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein One the veins that drains the vaginal venous plexus, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,modified]. FMA:18899 MA:0002251 SCTID:424336009 vagina vein vein of vagina vaginal vein One the veins that drains the vaginal venous plexus, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus vagina vein OBOL:automatic vein of vagina OBOL:automatic Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,. FMA:19086 MA:0000534 muscle organ of pelvis pelvic muscle pelvis muscle pelvis muscle organ muscle of pelvis Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,. FMA:19086 muscle organ of pelvis OBOL:automatic pelvic muscle FMA:19086 pelvis muscle organ OBOL:automatic A portion of a prostate that forms a lobe. BTO:0000548 EMAPA:35712 FMA:19570 MA:0001738 NCIT:C52726 SCTID:279692004 lobe of prostate gland prostate gland lobe prostatic lobe lobe of prostate A portion of a prostate that forms a lobe. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/665 The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:19607 MA:0001866 SCTID:279661001 Wikipedia:Pampiniform_venous_plexus pampiniform venous plexus plexus of veins of fascia of prostate plexus venosus pampiniformis venous plexus of fascia of prostate venous plexus of fascia of prostate gland pampiniform plexus The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pampiniform_venous_plexus plexus venosus pampiniformis FMA:19607 FMA:TA A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35675 FMA:19638 MA:0002727 SCTID:35900000 penile skin penis skin penis zone of skin zone of skin of penis skin of penis A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic penile skin FMA:19638 penis zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of penis OBOL:automatic A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. prepuce preputium BTO:0001113 CALOHA:TS-0383 EFO:0001664 EMAPA:18989 FMA:19639 MA:0000407 NCIT:C33049 SCTID:181426005 Wikipedia:Foreskin penile prepuce prepuce of male preputium penis foreskin praeputium prepucium prepuce of penis A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. Wikipedia:Foreskin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 prepuce MA:0000407 Wikipedia:Foreskin preputium HP:0100587 penile prepuce FMA:19639 prepuce of male EMAPA:18989 preputium penis FMA:19639 FMA:TA foreskin FMA:19639 praeputium Wikipedia:Foreskin prepucium Wikipedia:Foreskin A urethra that is part of a male reproductive system. BTO:0004089 EMAPA:18692 FMA:19668 MA:0002640 NCIT:C33050 SCTID:264085007 Wikipedia:Male_urethra male urethra A urethra that is part of a male reproductive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A urethra that is part of a female reproductive system. BTO:0004088 EMAPA:28747 FMA:19669 MA:0002637 NCIT:C32591 SCTID:264469008 Wikipedia:Female_urethra urethra feminina urethra muliebris female urethra A urethra that is part of a female reproductive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 urethra feminina BTO:0004088 urethra muliebris BTO:0004088 Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the male or female urethra that help protect the epithelium from the corrosive urine. FMA:19683 MA:0001688 SCTID:279477005 gland of urethra urethra gland urethra gland (male or female) urethral mucuous gland urethral gland Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the male or female urethra that help protect the epithelium from the corrosive urine. MP:anna gland of urethra OBOL:automatic The tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis occurs. AAO:0010399 BTO:0001235 CALOHA:TS-1239 EFO:0001404 EMAPA:18685 EMAPA:31476 EV:0100380 FMA:19825 GAID:400 MA:0000412 MAT:0000503 MESH:D012671 NCIT:C13047 NCIT:C34293 SCTID:279614002 VHOG:0001363 Wikipedia:Seminiferous_tubule XAO:0003088 seminiferous cord seminiferous tubule testis - seminiferous tubule tubuli seminiferi tubuli seminiferi seminiferous tubule of testis The tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis occurs. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:csmith MP:0002216 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1381 seminiferous cord EMAPA:18685 tubuli seminiferi Wikipedia:Seminiferous_tubule The epithelial layer of the vagina. BTO:0000422 CALOHA:TS-1325 EMAPA:30991 FMA:19978 MA:0001730 NCIT:C49313 epithelial tissue of vagina vagina epithelial tissue vagina epithelium vaginal epithelium epithelium, vaginal epithelium of vagina The epithelial layer of the vagina. MP:0001140 epithelial tissue of vagina OBOL:automatic vagina epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium, vaginal BTO:0000422 The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct that is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla; it connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity; like the nasolacrimal duct, the sac is lined by stratified columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue. FMA:20289 MA:0001298 NCIT:C32909 SCTID:362534009 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_sac lachrymal sac lacrymal sac saccus lacrimalis lacrimal sac The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct that is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla; it connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity; like the nasolacrimal duct, the sac is lined by stratified columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue. MGI:anna saccus lacrimalis Wikipedia:Lacrimal_sac A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter. EHDAA2:0000460 EHDAA:8975 EMAPA:17588 EV:0100356 FMA:61734 GAID:864 MA:0000260 MESH:D004424 NCIT:C12498 SCTID:181178004 VHOG:0000977 Wikipedia:External_acoustic_meatus galen:ExternalAuditoryMeatus auditory canal ear canal external acoustic tube external auditory canal external auditory tube auditory meatus external auditory meatus external acoustic meatus A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter. Wikipedia:External_acoustic_meatus ear canal Wikipedia:Ear_canal external acoustic tube FMA:61734 external auditory tube FMA:61734 auditory meatus EHDAA2:0000460 The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. EFO:0000847 EHDAA2:0000122 EHDAA:2931 EMAPA:16831 MA:0000329 MAT:0000042 MIAA:0000042 NCIT:C32069 SCTID:362680001 VHOG:0000395 WBbt:0006919 posterior posterior end of organism anal region The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:20741 MA:0002027 NCIT:C32436 SCTID:181348000 Wikipedia:Deep_femoral_artery arteria profunda femoris profunda femoris artery deep femoral artery The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Deep_femoral_artery The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:20799 MA:0001996 SCTID:244326008 Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery medial femoral circumflex artery arteria circumflexa femoris medialis medial circumflex femoral artery The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery arteria circumflexa femoris medialis Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. BIRNLEX:1798 BTO:0000237 CALOHA:TS-0130 EFO:0000329 EHDAA2:0004441 ENVO:02000029 EV:0100311 FMA:20935 GAID:1181 MA:0002503 MAT:0000499 MESH:D002555 NCIT:C12692 TAO:0002184 VHOG:0001278 Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid ZFA:0001626 CSF cerebral spinal fluid liquor cerebrospinalis spinal fluid cerebrospinal fluid A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid cerebral spinal fluid ZFA:0001626 liquor cerebrospinalis Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid spinal fluid BTO:0000237 In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010237 EMAPA:17876 FMA:21185 GAID:533 MA:0002118 MESH:D005268 NCIT:C12716 SCTID:362071002 Wikipedia:Femoral_vein galen:FemoralVein vena femoralis femoral vein In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Femoral_vein vena femoralis Wikipedia:Femoral_vein The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0003271 FMA:21376 MA:0002216 NCIT:C33004 SCTID:181402008 Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein galen:GreatSaphenousVein galen:GreaterSaphenousVein greater saphenous vein large saphenous vein long saphenous vein vena saphena magna great saphenous vein The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein large saphenous vein BTO:0003271 vena saphena magna Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein The joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. EMAPA:19300 FMA:21440 GAID:268 MA:0001506 MESH:D012446 NCIT:C33507 SCTID:182199004 Wikipedia:Sacroiliac_joint articulatio sacro-iliaca sacroiliac joint sacro-iliac joint The joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. Wikipedia:Sacroiliac_joint The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls. AAO:0010816 EMAPA:16591 FMA:21451 SCTID:362700006 TAO:0005131 VHOG:0001527 Wikipedia:Parietal_peritoneum ZFA:0005131 parietal serous membrane of peritoneum peritoneal cavity lining parietal peritoneum The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls. Wikipedia:Peritoneum#Types http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 parietal serous membrane of peritoneum UBERON:cjm A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle. BTO:0000722 EHDAA:8291 MA:0000672 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000974 Wikipedia:Leg_muscle leg muscle leg muscle organ leg skeletal muscle leg skeletal muscle tissue muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod muscle of thigh or crus muscle of upper or lower hindlimb segment muscle of upper/lower leg muscle organ of leg skeletal muscle of leg muscle of leg A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle. Wikipedia:Leg_muscle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 leg muscle organ OBOL:automatic leg skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic leg skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle of thigh or crus OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle of upper or lower hindlimb segment OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle organ of leg OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of leg OBOL:automatic Artery that supplies the axilla. EMAPA:18749 FMA:22654 GAID:473 MA:0002573 MESH:D001366 NCIT:C32169 SCTID:181321001 Wikipedia:Axillary_artery galen:AxillaryArtery arteria axillaris axillary part of subclavian artery axillary part of trunk of subclavian artery axillary artery Artery that supplies the axilla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteria axillaris Wikipedia:Axillary_artery axillary part of subclavian artery FMA:22654 The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:22677 MA:0002050 NCIT:C33650 SCTID:244311006 Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery arteria subscapularis subscapular artery The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery arteria subscapularis Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:22984 MA:0000546 SCTID:181517009 pelvic skin pelvis skin pelvis zone of skin zone of skin of pelvis skin of pelvis A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic pelvis zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of pelvis OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0000214 FMA:22988 FMA:23000 MA:0000523 NCIT:C52758 SCTID:361707007 abdomen skin abdomen zone of skin abdominal skin skin of abdomen proper zone of skin of abdomen skin of abdomen A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdomen zone of skin OBOL:automatic skin of abdomen proper FMA:22988 zone of skin of abdomen OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:23021 FMA:23022 MA:0000590 NCIT:C52756 SCTID:361705004 neck (volume) zone of skin neck skin neck zone of skin zone of skin of neck zone of skin of neck (volume) skin of neck A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic neck (volume) zone of skin OBOL:automatic neck zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of neck OBOL:automatic zone of skin of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:23028 FMA:23029 MA:0000564 SCTID:281723000 thoracic skin thorax skin thorax zone of skin zone of skin of thorax upper body skin skin of thorax A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic thorax zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of thorax OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32726 FMA:23100 MA:0000694 NCIT:C53276 SCTID:314403009 limb skin limb zone of skin zone of skin of limb skin of limb A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic limb zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of limb OBOL:automatic An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. FMA:23217 SCTID:229759004 VSAO:0000305 galen:ShoulderGirdle cingulum membri superioris girdle - pectoral cingulum membri superioris shoulder girdle upper limb girdle pectoral girdle pectoral region pectoral girdle region An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. FMA:23217 UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cingulum membri superioris FMA:23217 FMA:TA cingulum membri superioris FMA:TA shoulder girdle FMA:23217 upper limb girdle FMA:23217 A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:233946 TAO:0005108 ZFA:0005108 buccal lymphatic vessel face lymph vessel face lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of face lymphatic vessel of face FL facial lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic face lymph vessel OBOL:automatic face lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic lymph vessel of face OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel of face OBOL:automatic FMA:234865 TAO:0005107 ZFA:0005107 PL pectoral lymphatic vessel PL Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. AAO:0000566 BTO:0001486 CALOHA:TS-1320 EFO:0000806 EHDAA2:0003168 EMAPA:35773 FMA:23881 MA:0000018 NCIT:C12788 TAO:0000434 VHOG:0001254 VSAO:0000027 XAO:0003060 ZFA:0000434 skeleton system set of all bones and joints Skelettsystem skeletal system Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000027 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 set of all bones and joints Skelettsystem BTO:0001486 A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]. EMAPA:25056 FMA:23889 GAID:179 MA:0000296 MESH:D002348 NCIT:C12688 SCTID:83936004 Wikipedia:Carpus galen:CarpalBone bone of carpus carpal carpal skeleton bone carpus bone carpal bone A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 carpal PHENOSCAPE:ad carpus bone EMAPA:25056 A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0000947 EMAPA:32650 FMA:23914 MA:0000306 NCIT:C52771 SCTID:181976001 SCTID:361100001 Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_hand http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/613/F1.large.jpg digitus manus phalanx finger phalanx hand digit phalanx hand phalanx manual phalanx phalanx of digit of hand phalanx of digitus manus phalanx of finger phalanx of fore digit phalanx of hand phalanx of hand digit phalanx of manual digit digital bone of manus bone of finger phalanges of fore digit phalanx of manus A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]. Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_hand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digitus manus phalanx OBOL:automatic finger phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit phalanx OBOL:automatic hand phalanx MA:0000306 phalanx of digit of hand OBOL:automatic phalanx of digitus manus OBOL:automatic phalanx of finger FMA:23914 phalanx of hand digit OBOL:automatic digital bone of manus OBOL:automatic bone of finger FMA:23914 phalanges of fore digit AAO:0000947 The head of a long bone that articulates with a neighboring skeletal element and is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united[MESH,modified]. AAO:0000742 BTO:0000413 EMAPA:35508 FMA:24012 MA:0001362 MESH:D004838 NCIT:C32529 NCIT:C52722 SCTID:244701002 Wikipedia:Epiphysis bone epiphysis end of long bone epiphyses long bone epiphysis epiphysis The head of a long bone that articulates with a neighboring skeletal element and is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united[MESH,modified]. MESH:A02.835.232.251 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 epiphyses Zone of long bone that is between the epiphysis and diaphysis. Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA]. EMAPA:35509 FMA:24014 MA:0001363 NCIT:C52723 SCTID:304581004 Wikipedia:Metaphysis diaphyseal end of long bone long bone metaphysis metaphyses metaphysis Zone of long bone that is between the epiphysis and diaphysis. Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA]. FMA:24014 Wikipedia:Metaphysis metaphyses The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle. AAO:0000202 EHDAA2:0002222 EMAPA:32623 FMA:24142 VHOG:0001256 VSAO:0000151 XAO:0003061 bones of upper limb fore limb skeleton forelimb skeleton free upper limb skeleton ossa membri superioris pectoral limb skeleton set of bones of upper limb skeleton of forelimb skeleton of free upper limb skeleton of pectoral limb skeleton of upper limb upper limb skeleton wing skeleton forelimb skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 forelimb skeleton VHOG:0001256 free upper limb skeleton FMA:24142 ossa membri superioris FMA:24139 FMA:TA skeleton of free upper limb FMA:24142 skeleton of upper limb FMA:24139 upper limb skeleton EHDAA2:0002222 wing skeleton NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region. AAO:0000217 EHDAA2:0002226 EMAPA:32633 FMA:24144 VHOG:0001255 VSAO:0000152 XAO:0003062 bones of lower limb free lower limb skeleton hind limb skeleton hind-limb skeleton hindlimb skeleton lower limb skeleton ossa membri inferioris set of bones of lower limb skeleton of free lower limb skeleton of lower limb TOOD - find a home for: FMA:24140 hindlimb skeleton Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 free lower limb skeleton FMA:24144 hind limb skeleton XAO:0003062 hind-limb skeleton VSAO:0000152 hindlimb skeleton VHOG:0001255 ossa membri inferioris FMA:24140 FMA:TA skeleton of free lower limb FMA:24144 skeleton of lower limb FMA:24140 Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a manus, which is the distal section of the anterior forelimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the wrist, palm, and fingers)[Phenoscape]. EHDAA2:0002227 EMAPA:32643 FMA:24159 VSAO:0005020 anterior autopodium skeleton bones of hand fore autopod skeleton forelimb autopod skeleton hand region skeleton hand skeleton manual skeleton manus skeleton ossa manus set of bones of hand skeleton of hand anterior autopodium manus here 'manus' includes both the wrist region, metatarsal region and acropodial region skeleton of manus Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a manus, which is the distal section of the anterior forelimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the wrist, palm, and fingers)[Phenoscape]. PHENOSCAPE:MAH https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/74 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bones of hand FMA:24159 hand region skeleton EHDAA2:0002227 hand skeleton FMA:24159 ossa manus FMA:24159 FMA:TA set of bones of hand FMA:24159 skeleton of hand FMA:24159 anterior autopodium VSAO:0005020 VSAO:NI manus VSAO:0005020 VSAO:NI Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. BTO:0001368 CALOHA:TS-1039 EFO:0000965 EV:0100010 FMA:9576 GAID:91 MA:0000031 MAT:0000295 MESH:D013909 MIAA:0000295 NCIT:C12799 NCIT:C25389 Wikipedia:Chest galen:Chest galen:Thorax anterolateral part of thorax front of thorax pectus ventral part of thoracic region thoracic body wall thorax chest Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. FMA:9576 Wikipedia:Chest pectus FMA:24816 FMA:TA thoracic body wall MA:0000031 thorax FMA:9576 Wikipedia:Chest FMA:24218 SCTID:123852005 XAO:0000040 head subdivision head region region of head subdivision of head Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a pes, which is the distal section of the posterior hindlimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the ankle, sole, and toes)[Phenoscape]. EHDAA2:0002228 FMA:24222 VSAO:0005021 foot region skeleton foot skeleton pedal skeleton pes skeleton posterior autopodium skeleton set of bones of foot skeleton of foot pes posterior autopodium here 'pes' includes both the ankle region, metatarsals and acropodial region skeleton of pes Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a pes, which is the distal section of the posterior hindlimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the ankle, sole, and toes)[Phenoscape]. PHENOSCAPE:MAH https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/75 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 foot region skeleton EHDAA2:0002228 foot skeleton FMA:24222 set of bones of foot FMA:24222 skeleton of foot FMA:24222 pes VSAO:0005021 VSAO:NI posterior autopodium VSAO:0005021 VSAO:NI The major postaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. AAO:0000891 BTO:0002346 CALOHA:TS-2203 EFO:0003052 EMAPA:19141 FMA:24479 GAID:202 MA:0001360 MESH:D005360 NCIT:C12718 SCTID:302529003 Wikipedia:Fibula galen:Fibula fibula The major postaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. PHENOSCAPE:mah A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia. BTO:0002343 EMAPA:25072 FMA:24491 GAID:194 MA:0000297 MESH:D013639 NCIT:C12796 SCTID:108372004 galen:TarsalBone ankle bone bone of ankle bone of tarsal skeleton bone of tarsus ossa tarsalia ossa tarsi bony tarsus hind mesopodium tarsal tarsus osseus tarsal bone A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ankle bone FMA:24491 bone of ankle FMA:24491 bone of tarsal skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bone of tarsus FMA:24491 ossa tarsalia FMA:71339 FMA:TA ossa tarsi FMA:71339 FMA:TA bony tarsus BTO:0002343 hind mesopodium AAO:0000220 tarsal BTO:0002343 tarsus osseus BTO:0002343 The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the pes located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-pes and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002347 EMAPA:32940 EMAPA:36159 FMA:24492 GAID:193 MA:0000303 MESH:D008682 NCIT:C12752 SCTID:302532000 Wikipedia:Metatarsal_bone galen:Metatarsal metatarsal ossa metatarsalia ossa metatarsi metatarsal bone The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the pes located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-pes and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metatarsal_bone ossa metatarsalia BTO:0002347 ossa metatarsi BTO:0002347 A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]. digital bone of pes AAO:0000930 EMAPA:32941 FMA:24493 MA:0000305 NCIT:C52772 SCTID:302533005 Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_foot ncithesaurus:Phalanx_of_the_Foot digitus pedis phalanx foot digit phalanx foot phalanx pedal phalanx phalanx of digit of foot phalanx of digitus pedis phalanx of foot digit phalanx of hind digit phalanx of pes phalanx of toe toe phalanx bone of toe phalanges of hind digit phalanx of pes A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]. Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_foot https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digital bone of pes OBOL:automatic digitus pedis phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit phalanx OBOL:automatic foot phalanx MA:0000305 phalanx of digit of foot OBOL:automatic phalanx of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic phalanx of foot digit OBOL:automatic phalanx of toe FMA:24493 toe phalanx OBOL:automatic bone of toe FMA:24493 phalanges of hind digit AAO:0000930 A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). BTO:0003369 CALOHA:TS-2216 EMAPA:32763 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:D005145 NCIT:C13071 SCTID:302549007 Wikipedia:Face galen:Face facia/facies visage face A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 facia/facies Wikipedia:Face visage BTO:0003369 A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:24764 MA:0001579 NCIT:C12291 SCTID:244092005 lip skin lip zone of skin zone of skin of lip skin of lips skin of lip A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lip zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of lip OBOL:automatic skin of lips A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35301 FMA:24775 MA:0001233 NCIT:C49481 SCTID:244073008 auricular region of head zone of skin auricular region zone of skin ear skin external ear skin external ear zone of skin outer ear zone of skin zone of skin of auricular region zone of skin of auricular region of head zone of skin of external ear zone of skin of outer ear skin of external ear A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic auricular region of head zone of skin OBOL:automatic auricular region zone of skin OBOL:automatic external ear zone of skin OBOL:automatic outer ear zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of auricular region OBOL:automatic zone of skin of auricular region of head OBOL:automatic zone of skin of external ear OBOL:automatic zone of skin of outer ear OBOL:automatic The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]. BTO:0001435 CALOHA:TS-2204 EFO:0001410 EHDAA2:0000140 EHDAA:4164 EHDAA:6210 EHDAA:8275 EMAPA:17413 GAID:52 MA:0000033 MESH:D001132 VHOG:0000339 Wikipedia:Arm brachium upper extremity arm The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]. Wikipedia:Arm brachium Wikipedia:Arm upper extremity MESH:A01.378.800 The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint-the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]. CALOHA:TS-2222 EFO:0003069 EHDAA2:0000429 EHDAA:4166 EHDAA:6212 EMAPA:17414 FMA:24901 GAID:54 MA:0000036 MESH:D004550 SCTID:76248009 VHOG:0000340 Wikipedia:Elbow galen:Elbow cubital region elbow limb segment elbow region articulatio cubiti elbow The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint-the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]. Wikipedia:Elbow articulatio cubiti Wikipedia:Elbow 1st (preaxial) digit of the manus[Wikipedia]. digitus 1 digitus I digitus primus digitus primus [I] AAO:0010639 EHDAA2:0000511 EMAPA:17429 FMA:24938 GAID:58 MA:0000454 MESH:D013933 NCIT:C52834 SCTID:302540006 SCTID:69603001 Wikipedia:Thumb digit 1 of fore-paw digit 1 of manus finger 1 first digit of hand fore digit I fore limb digit 1 hand digit 1 manual digit 1 manual digit I pollex alula forelimb dewclaw hand digit 1 thumb first finger manual digit 1 1st (preaxial) digit of the manus[Wikipedia]. PMCID:PMC2553264 Wikipedia:Thumb digitus I Wikipedia:Thumb digitus primus Wikipedia:Thumb digit 1 of fore-paw EMAPA:17429 finger 1 EHDAA2:0000511 fore digit I AAO:0010639 fore limb digit 1 OBOL:accepted hand digit 1 MA:0000454 manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 pollex Wikipedia:Thumb alula Wikipedia:Alula forelimb dewclaw Wikipedia:Dewclaw hand digit 1 NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted thumb first finger EMAPA:17429 The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. BTO:0001457 CALOHA:TS-2226 EFO:0001929 EHDAA2:0000783 EHDAA:5153 EHDAA:6178 EMAPA:17490 FMA:24964 GAID:47 MA:0000045 MESH:D006615 NCIT:C64193 SCTID:302543008 VHOG:0000346 Wikipedia:Hip galen:Hip hip region regio coxae coxa hip The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Hip hip region FMA:24964 regio coxae FMA:24964 coxa Wikipedia:Hip A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod. BTO:0003595 CALOHA:TS-2220 EHDAA2:0000895 EHDAA:5159 EHDAA:6184 EMAPA:17493 FMA:24974 GAID:48 MA:0000046 MESH:D007717 SCTID:361291001 VHOG:0000347 galen:Knee knee region knee A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A digit that is part of a pes (foot). AAO:0000888 BTO:0002348 EMAPA:32649 FMA:25046 GAID:44 MA:0000048 NCIT:C33788 SCTID:116667001 Wikipedia:Toe XAO:0003035 galen:Toe digit of foot digit of terminal segment of lower limb digiti pedis digitus pedis foot digit hind digit hind_digit hindlimb digit pedal digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue pes digit toe digiti pedis digitipedis pedal digit A digit that is part of a pes (foot). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit of terminal segment of lower limb OBOL:automatic digiti pedis FMA:70664 FMA:TA foot digit MA:0000048 hind digit XAO:0003035 hind_digit AAO:0000888 pedal digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 toe FMA:25046 digiti pedis Wikipedia:Toe digitipedis BTO:0002348 A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle). CALOHA:TS-2229 EFO:0003068 EHDAA2:0001834 EHDAA:4180 EHDAA:6228 EMAPA:17421 FMA:25202 GAID:60 MA:0000038 MESH:D012782 NCIT:C25203 SCTID:361103004 VHOG:0000342 Wikipedia:Shoulder galen:Shoulder shoulder region articulatio humeri shoulder A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 articulatio humeri Wikipedia:Shoulder 2 The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. vertebral joint FMA:25511 MA:0001514 NCIT:C49577 SCTID:244512000 inter-centrum joint inter-vertebral joint intervertebral symphysis joint of vertebral body intervertebral joint The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87401 intervertebral symphysis FMA:25511 joint of vertebral body FMA:25511 The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]. sternoclavicular EMAPA:19203 FMA:25883 GAID:270 MA:0001507 MESH:D013247 NCIT:C33615 SCTID:182165002 Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation sterno clavicular joint sternoclavicular articulation articulatio sternoclavicularis sternoclavicular joint The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation sternoclavicular Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation sternoclavicular articulation Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation articulatio sternoclavicularis Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted]. joint of shoulder shoulder joint EMAPA:19105 FMA:25912 GAID:269 MA:0000459 MESH:D012785 NCIT:C33548 SCTID:182168000 VHOG:0001002 Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint galen:ShoulderJoint articulatio humeri humeral joint humeroscapular joint glenohumeral joint The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint joint of shoulder OBOL:automatic shoulder joint MA:0000459 articulatio humeri FMA:25912 FMA:TA humeral joint FMA:25912 humeroscapular joint Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint The loose fold of skin that covers the penis. FMA:27648 MA:0001744 SCTID:39059001 VHOG:0001342 foreskin of penis penis foreskin preputial skin skin of prepuce of penis The loose fold of skin that covers the penis. MP:0003553 NCBI:matt The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:29713 MA:0002257 SCTID:294653003 Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus venous vaginal plexus plexus venosus vaginalis vaginal venous plexus The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus plexus venosus vaginalis Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. AAO:0011005 BTO:0000752 CALOHA:TS-2102 EFO:0000873 EMAPA:35532 FMA:30315 MA:0000138 MAT:0000443 NCIT:C33038 SCTID:279089004 VHOG:0001249 Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel XAO:0000375 lymph vessel vas lymphaticum lymphatic vessel A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. BTO:0000752 Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel vas lymphaticum Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-0088 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 EMAPA:32782 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 NCIT:C12366 SCTID:90780006 TAO:0001514 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 Wikipedia:Bone XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 galen:Bone bone organ bone bones bone element Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000057 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/277 bone organ FMA:5018 bone AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 MA:0001459 VHOG:0001190 bones ZFA:0001514 A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA,generalized]. AAO:0010716 EFO:0001412 EHDAA2:0000339 EMAPA:18177 FMA:32521 MA:0002286 NCIT:C32446 SCTID:181620007 VHOG:0000846 Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle deltoid muscle m. deltoideus musculus deltoideus common shoulder muscle deltoideus deltoideus muscle musculus deltoideus We use a generic definition that includes the deltoideus as represented in AAO: 'Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus'. Kardong: Dorsal group deltoid A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA,generalized]. FMA:32521 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 deltoid muscle Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle m. deltoideus AAO:0010716 musculus deltoideus Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle common shoulder muscle Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle deltoideus Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle deltoideus muscle Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle musculus deltoideus Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle A sesamoid element that is composed of bone tissue. sesamoid AEO:0000086 EHDAA2:0003086 EMAPA:36620 FMA:32672 GAID:210 MA:0001375 MESH:D012716 NCIT:C33541 SCTID:362914002 Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone galen:SessamoidBone ossa sesamoidea Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.[VSAO] sesamoid bone A sesamoid element that is composed of bone tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ossa sesamoidea Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone A carpal bone that proximally_connected_to a forelimb zeugopod skeleton. EMAPA:36164 FMA:33302 MA:0002557 SCTID:306715004 proximal carpal bone A carpal bone that proximally_connected_to a forelimb zeugopod skeleton. OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36154 FMA:33531 MA:0000633 muscle organ of shoulder shoulder muscle shoulder muscle organ muscle of shoulder Any muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle organ of shoulder OBOL:automatic shoulder muscle organ OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region. EMAPA:18059 FMA:34830 MA:0000635 SCTID:244131002 shoulder skin shoulder zone of skin zone of skin of shoulder skin of shoulder A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 shoulder zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of shoulder OBOL:automatic An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:34836 GAID:263 MA:0001519 MESH:D017746 NCIT:C32259 NCIT:C84388 SCTID:182238002 Wikipedia:Articular_capsule galen:JointCapsule capsula articularis fibrous capsule of joint joint capsule joint fibrous capsule capsulae articulares articular capsule An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Articular_capsule capsula articularis FMA:34836 FMA:TA capsulae articulares Wikipedia:Articular_capsule The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation[WP,unvetted]. EFO:0001957 EMAPA:19137 FMA:35175 GAID:114 MA:0000471 MESH:D007719 NCIT:C32898 SCTID:182204005 VHOG:0001003 Wikipedia:Knee galen:KneeJoint joint of knee articulatio genus knee joint The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Knee joint of knee OBOL:automatic articulatio genus Wikipedia:Knee A synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetbulum of the innominate bone. BTO:0001502 EMAPA:19136 FMA:35178 GAID:262 MA:0000470 MESH:D006621 NCIT:C32742 SCTID:182201002 VHOG:0001001 Wikipedia:Hip#Articulation galen:HipJoint articulatio coxofemoralis femoro-iliac joint coxal articulation hip joint A synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetbulum of the innominate bone. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 articulatio coxofemoralis FMA:35178 coxal articulation Wikipedia:Hip A skeletal joint that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32949 FMA:35194 GAID:256 MA:0000464 MESH:D033023 SCTID:244555001 Wikipedia:Joints_of_foot articulationes pedis foot joint hind limb autopod joint joint of pes joint of terminal segment of free lower limb joints of foot pedal joint pes joint A skeletal joint that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic articulationes pedis FMA:71349 FMA:TA hind limb autopod joint OBOL:automatic joint of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic joints of foot FMA:71349 A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons. BTO:0004706 EMAPA:35126 FMA:35195 GAID:257 MA:0000463 MESH:D000843 NCIT:C32078 SCTID:182212002 Wikipedia:Ankle galen:AnkleJoint gambrel hock hock joint talotibial joint mortise joint talocrural articulation talocrural joint ankle joint A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons. MESH:A02.835.583.378.062 Wikipedia:Ankle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gambrel Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy) hock Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy) hock joint Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy) talotibial joint Wikipedia:Ankle mortise joint BTO:0004706 talocrural articulation Wikipedia:Ankle talocrural joint Wikipedia:Ankle A skeletal joint that is part of a manus (hand) [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32641 MA:0000452 SCTID:244546004 Wikipedia:Joints_of_hand articulationes manus hand joint joint of hand joint of manus joint of terminal segment of free upper limb manual joint manus joint A skeletal joint that is part of a manus (hand) [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic articulationes manus FMA:71345 FMA:TA joint of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]. EMAPA:19102 FMA:35289 GAID:253 MA:0000451 MESH:D004551 NCIT:C32497 SCTID:182169008 VHOG:0000997 Wikipedia:Elbow galen:ElbowJoint articulatio cubiti cubital region joint joint of cubital region joint of elbow elbow joint A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]. Wikipedia:Elbow https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 articulatio cubiti cubital region joint OBOL:automatic joint of cubital region OBOL:automatic joint of elbow OBOL:automatic A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton. FMA:321842 GAID:274 MA:0000460 MESH:D014955 NCIT:C33894 SCTID:182178002 Wikipedia:Wrist galen:WristJoint carpal region joint joint of carpal region joint of wrist radiocarpal joint wrist joint A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton. Wikipedia:Wrist https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=1205376 carpal region joint OBOL:automatic joint of carpal region OBOL:automatic radiocarpal joint FMA:35291 The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:18802 FMA:37072 MA:0001166 NCIT:C52817 SCTID:181009006 Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve circumflex humeral nerve auxillery nerve circumflex nerve nervus axillaris axillary nerve The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve auxillery nerve Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve circumflex nerve Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve nervus axillaris Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. EHDAA2:0000147 EHDAA:9828 EMAPA:17014 FMA:3736 MA:0002570 NCIT:C32150 SCTID:181299009 Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta ascending thoracic aorta pars ascendens aortae aorta ascendens pars ascendens aortae ascending aorta The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. GO:0035905 Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta ascending thoracic aorta EMAPA:17014 aorta ascendens Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta pars ascendens aortae Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA:8326 EMAPA:18185 FMA:37367 MA:0000537 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430 girdle-pelvic muscle organ muscle organ of girdle-pelvic muscle organ of pelvic girdle muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone pelvic girdle muscle pelvic girdle muscle organ pelvic girdle skeletal muscle muscle of pelvic girdle Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic girdle-pelvic muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of girdle-pelvic OBOL:automatic muscle organ of pelvic girdle OBOL:automatic muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle muscle organ OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle skeletal muscle EMAPA:18185 Any muscle organ that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000477 EMAPA:36160 FMA:37369 MA:0000652 SCTID:67240005 foot muscle foot muscle organ muscle of foot muscle organ of foot muscle of pes Any muscle organ that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foot muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle of foot FMA:37369 muscle organ of foot OBOL:automatic A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA:8277 EMAPA:36053 MA:0000594 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000142 arm muscle arm skeletal muscle arm skeletal muscle tissue muscle of upper arm or lower arm upper arm / lower arm muscle arm muscle system muscle of arm A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic arm muscle MA:0000594 arm skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic arm skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic muscle of upper arm or lower arm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper arm / lower arm muscle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arm muscle system EHDAA2:0000141 Any muscle organ that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32644 FMA:37372 MA:0000628 SCTID:110540008 hand muscle manus muscle manus muscle organ muscle of hand muscle organ of manus muscle of manus Any muscle organ that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hand muscle MA:0000628 manus muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle of hand FMA:37372 muscle organ of manus OBOL:automatic The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. BTO:0000157 EFO:0002526 EHDAA2:0000132 EMAPA:17613 FMA:3768 GAID:471 MA:0000475 SCTID:181300001 VHOG:0001196 Wikipedia:Arch_of_aorta arcus aortae aortic arch thoracic aorta arch of aorta The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0004113 arcus aortae FMA:3768 FMA:TA aortic arch FMA:3768 thoracic aorta GAID:471 A zone of skin that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18151 FMA:37800 MA:0000668 NCIT:C64859 SCTID:181552001 knee skin knee zone of skin zone of skin of knee skin of knee A zone of skin that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic knee zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of knee OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37828 MA:0000674 NCIT:C52749 leg skin leg zone of skin zone of skin of leg skin of leg A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic leg zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of leg OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37831 MA:0000641 NCIT:C52751 SCTID:181560000 ankle skin ankle zone of skin tarsal region skin zone of skin of ankle skin of ankle A zone of skin that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic ankle zone of skin OBOL:automatic tarsal region skin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 zone of skin of ankle OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18504 FMA:37834 MA:0000654 NCIT:C52750 SCTID:181529000 foot skin skin of foot skin of hind-paw skin of pes A zone of skin that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic skin of foot FMA:37834 skin of hind-paw EMAPA:18504 The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:18606 FMA:3784 MA:0002571 NCIT:C32455 SCTID:261399002 Wikipedia:Descending_aorta pars descendens aortae aorta descendens pars descendens aortae descending aorta The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. GO:0035906 Wikipedia:Descending_aorta pars descendens aortae FMA:3784 aorta descendens Wikipedia:Descending_aorta pars descendens aortae Wikipedia:Descending_aorta The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. BTO:0000157 EFO:0002525 EMAPA:18603 FMA:3786 GAID:471 MA:0002569 MESH:D001013 NCIT:C33766 SCTID:302510009 Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta galen:ThoracicAorta aorta thoracica thoracic part of aorta aorta thoracalis pars thoracica aortae thoracic aorta The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. MP:0010468 http://www.medterms.com aorta thoracica FMA:3786 FMA:TA aorta thoracalis Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta pars thoracica aortae Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002976 EFO:0002524 EMAPA:17856 FMA:3789 GAID:470 MA:0000474 MESH:D001012 NCIT:C32038 SCTID:244231007 Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta galen:AbdominalAorta abdominal part of aorta descending abdominal aorta pars abdominalis aortae abdominal part of aorta aorta abdominalis pars abdominalis aortae abdominal aorta Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002976 Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta abdominal part of aorta FMA:3789 descending abdominal aorta FMA:3789 pars abdominalis aortae FMA:3789 abdominal part of aorta BTO:0002976 aorta abdominalis BTO:0002976 Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta pars abdominalis aortae BTO:0002976 Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18051 FMA:38250 MA:0000610 NCIT:C52755 SCTID:181534001 cubital region zone of skin elbow skin elbow zone of skin zone of skin of cubital region zone of skin of elbow skin of elbow A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cubital region zone of skin OBOL:automatic elbow zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of cubital region OBOL:automatic zone of skin of elbow OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:38280 MA:0000638 NCIT:C52752 SCTID:181540008 carpal region zone of skin wrist skin wrist zone of skin zone of skin of carpal region zone of skin of wrist skin of wrist A zone of skin that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic carpal region zone of skin OBOL:automatic wrist zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of carpal region OBOL:automatic zone of skin of wrist OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18486 FMA:38295 MA:0000630 NCIT:C52753 SCTID:181527003 hand skin manus skin skin of hand skin of fore-paw skin of manus A zone of skin that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hand skin MA:0000630 skin of hand FMA:38295 skin of fore-paw EMAPA:18486 The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. innominate EFO:0002550 EHDAA2:0000835 EMAPA:17615 FMA:3932 GAID:476 MA:0001922 MESH:D016122 NCIT:C32814 SCTID:244244002 Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery galen:BrachioCephalicArtery brachiocephalic trunk innominate artery truncus brachiocephalicus truncus brachiocephalicus brachiocephalic artery The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. MGI:csmith MP:0010663 innominate Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery brachiocephalic trunk MA:0001922 innominate artery Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery truncus brachiocephalicus FMA:3932 FMA:TA truncus brachiocephalicus Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. carotid artery CALOHA:TS-0116 EHDAA2:0000217 EHDAA:7331 EMAPA:17855 FMA:3939 GAID:479 MA:0001926 MESH:D017536 NCIT:C32352 SCTID:362041005 VHOG:0000272 Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery carotid artery system common carotid artery trunk of common carotid tree a. carotis communis common carotid artery plus branches A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery carotid artery FMA:3939 carotid artery system EHDAA2:0000217 common carotid artery FMA:3939 trunk of common carotid tree FMA:3939 a. carotis communis Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery The rightmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk. EMAPA:35749 FMA:3941 MA:0001928 NCIT:C33473 SCTID:362042003 Wikipedia:Right_common_carotid_artery right common carotid artery trunk of right common carotid tree right common carotid artery right common carotid artery plus branches The rightmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk. UBERON:cjm right common carotid artery MA:0001928 trunk of right common carotid tree FMA:3941 right common carotid artery FMA:3941 A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP]. AAO:0010219 AAO:0011054 BTO:0004697 EFO:0001952 EHDAA2:0000873 EHDAA:408 EHDAA:6389 EMAPA:16328 FMA:3947 GAID:481 MA:0001930 MESH:D002343 NCIT:C32836 SCTID:362045001 TAO:0005081 VHOG:0000267 Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery XAO:0000366 ZFA:0005081 cranial carotid artery internal carotid ICA arteria carotis interna internal carotid artery A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP]. MGI:anna cranial carotid artery ZFA:0005081 internal carotid AAO:0010219 ICA arteria carotis interna Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. AAO:0010232 EHDAA2:0001933 EHDAA:4357 EMAPA:17617 FMA:3951 GAID:511 MA:0002045 MESH:D013348 NCIT:C33643 SCTID:265790007 TAO:0005086 Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery XAO:0000365 ZFA:0005086 arteria subclavia arterial tree of upper limb pectoral artery subclavian arterial tree PA arteria subclavia subclavian artery One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. ISBN:0073040584 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteria subclavia XAO:0000365 PA arteria subclavia Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax. EMAPA:35491 FMA:4058 MA:0001927 NCIT:C32956 SCTID:362043008 Wikipedia:Left_common_carotid_artery left common carotid artery trunk of left common carotid tree left common carotid artery left common carotid artery plus branches The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax. UBERON:cjm left common carotid artery MA:0001927 trunk of left common carotid tree FMA:4058 left common carotid artery FMA:4058 The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:44327 GAID:537 MA:0002197 MESH:D011152 NCIT:C33339 SCTID:281065001 Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein galen:PoplitealVein vena poplitea popliteal vein The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein vena poplitea Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein A vein of the lower limb that carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:44331 MA:0002244 NCIT:C32115 SCTID:281066000 Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein galen:AnteriorTibialVein venae tibiales anteriores anterior tibial vein A vein of the lower limb that carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein venae tibiales anteriores Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0003272 FMA:44333 MA:0002217 NCIT:C33546 SCTID:181404009 Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein galen:LesserSaphenousVein lesser saphenous vein short saphenous vein vena saphena parva small saphenous vein The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein vena saphena parva Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:44377 MA:0002105 NCIT:C52689 Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins metatarsal vein venae metatarsales dorsales dorsal metatarsal vein The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins venae metatarsales dorsales Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein. FMA:44420 MA:0002171 Wikipedia:Medial_marginal_vein medial marginal vein of foot vena marginalis medialis vena marginalis medialis pedis medial marginal vein A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein. Wikipedia:Medial_marginal_vein vena marginalis medialis pedis FMA:44420 FMA:TA One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. arcuate artery EMAPA:28215 FMA:70497 MA:0002583 Wikipedia:Arcuate_arteries_of_the_kidney renal arcuate artery kidney arcuate artery One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. MP:0011315 Wikipedia:Arcuate_artery_of_the_foot arcuate artery MA:0002583 A zone of skin that is part of a hip region. EMAPA:18148 FMA:45282 MA:0000658 SCTID:181518004 hip region zone of skin hip skin hip zone of skin regio coxae zone of skin zone of skin of hip zone of skin of hip region zone of skin of regio coxae skin of hip A zone of skin that is part of a hip region. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hip region zone of skin OBOL:automatic hip zone of skin OBOL:automatic regio coxae zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hip OBOL:automatic zone of skin of hip region OBOL:automatic zone of skin of regio coxae OBOL:automatic A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. gut AAO:0010023 BILA:0000083 BTO:0000511 BTO:0000545 EHDAA2:0000726 EHDAA:518 EMAPA:16247 FMA:45615 MA:0000917 NCIT:C34082 TAO:0000112 TGMA:0001819 VHOG:0000309 WBbt:0005743 ZFA:0000112 galen:AlimentaryTract digestive tube enteric tract alimentary canal alimentary tract digestive canal gut tube digestive tract A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. Wikipedia:Talk:Human_gastrointestinal_tract https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/7549 enteric tract ZFA:0000112 digestive canal BTO:0000058 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. FMA:45659 MA:0002636 SCTID:181420004 galen:LowerUrinaryTract lower urinary tract Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. FMA:45659 The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. EHDAA2:0002136 EMAPA:17669 FMA:45661 MA:0000442 SCTID:361381009 VHOG:0000406 Wikipedia:Upper_respiratory_tract upper respiratory tract The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. EHDAA2:0001036 EMAPA:16738 FMA:45662 MA:0000435 SCTID:281488008 VHOG:0000382 Wikipedia:Lower_respiratory_tract lower respiratory system lower respiratory tract The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Lower_respiratory_tract http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA:45733 organ neck neck of organ A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose. BTO:0001754 FMA:46476 GAID:65 MA:0002475 MESH:D002610 NCIT:C13070 SCTID:182325008 TAO:0002113 Wikipedia:Cheek galen:Cheek buccae jowl cheek A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose. Wikipedia:Cheek http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 buccae Wikipedia:Cheek jowl Wikipedia:Cheek The muscles associated with the larynx. BTO:0001626 EMAPA:35473 FMA:46562 GAID:144 MA:0001768 MESH:D007821 NCIT:C32934 SCTID:181744001 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_larynx laryngeal muscle larynx muscle larynx muscle organ muscle organ of larynx musculi laryngeales muscle of larynx The muscles associated with the larynx. MP:0002263 larynx muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of larynx OBOL:automatic Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. AAO:0010660 EHDAA2:0000704 EHDAA:9150 EMAPA:18276 FMA:46690 MA:0002307 NCIT:C52928 SCTID:244784007 VHOG:0000847 Wikipedia:Genioglossus_muscle genioglossus m. genioglossus musculus genioglossus genioglossus muscle Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. VHOG:0000847 Wikipedia:Genioglossus_muscle A muscle that attaches to the hyopid bone and to the tongue and is innervated by cranial nerve XII. AAO:0010663 EMAPA:18277 FMA:46691 MA:0002317 MFMO:0000064 NCIT:C53161 SCTID:244785008 Wikipedia:Hyoglossus_muscle hyoglossus m. hyoglossus hyoglossus muscle A muscle that attaches to the hyopid bone and to the tongue and is innervated by cranial nerve XII. FEED:rd hyoglossus Wikipedia:Hyoglossus A muscle organ that attaches the tongue to some other structure. EHDAA2:0002063 EHDAA:9148 EMAPA:18275 FMA:46699 MA:0002296 SCTID:244782006 VHOG:0000825 extrinsic lingual muscle extrinsic tongue muscle extrinsic muscle of tongue A muscle organ that attaches the tongue to some other structure. Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/331 The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue and completely contained within the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII. EHDAA2:0002064 EHDAA:9152 EMAPA:18280 FMA:46701 MA:0002327 SCTID:244788005 VHOG:0000748 intrinsic lingual muscle intrinsic tongue muscle intrinsic muscle of tongue The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue and completely contained within the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII. http://www.feedexp.org/wiki/Mammalian_Muscle_Ontology_Workshop A muscle innervated by a facial nerve. FMA:46751 GAID:143 MA:0003160 MESH:D005152 MFMO:0000005 NCIT:C13073 SCTID:25903009 Wikipedia:Facial_muscles XAO:0001013 face muscle face muscle organ facial muscle facial muscle proper facial nerve innervated muscle facial nerve muscle muscle of face muscle organ of face cranial-facial muscle cranio-facial muscle craniofacial muscle mimetic muscles muscle of facil expression muscles of facial expression musculi faciei facial muscle A muscle innervated by a facial nerve. FEED:rd face muscle FMA:46751 face muscle organ OBOL:automatic facial muscle FMA:46751 XAO:0001013 facial nerve innervated muscle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle of face FMA:46751 muscle organ of face OBOL:automatic cranial-facial muscle EMAPA:25133 cranio-facial muscle EMAPA:25133 craniofacial muscle EMAPA:25133 mimetic muscles Wikipedia:Facial_muscles muscle of facil expression Wikipedia:Facial_muscles muscles of facial expression Wikipedia:Facial_muscles musculi faciei Wikipedia:Facial_muscles A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. BTO:0002683 EHDAA2:0001962 EHDAA:8726 EMAPA:18417 FMA:4720 GAID:549 MA:0000481 MESH:D014683 NCIT:C12816 SCTID:181368006 VHOG:0001195 Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava galen:SuperiorVenaCava superior caval vein superior vena cava cranial vena cava precava vena cava superior vena maxima anterior vena cava A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 superior caval vein http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 superior vena cava FMA:4720 cranial vena cava VHOG:0001195 vena cava superior BTO:0002683 Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava vena maxima Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010236 EHDAA2:0000877 EHDAA:5407 EMAPA:17620 FMA:4724 MA:0002157 NCIT:C32849 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878 SCTID:181372005 Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein XAO:0000382 galen:InternalJugularVein internal jugular internal jugular venous tree vena jugularis interna internal jugular vein One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein internal jugular EHDAA2:0000877 vena jugularis interna Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger. AAO:0010510 EHDAA2:0001934 EHDAA:4455 EMAPA:17621 FMA:4725 GAID:546 MA:0002221 MESH:D013350 NCIT:C12794 SCTID:181388005 Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein galen:SubclavianVein subclavian venous tree vena subclavia subclavian vein The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger. Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein vena subclavia Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein A vein that drains blood from the thymus. EMAPA:36325 FMA:4747 MA:0002246 NCIT:C53143 SCTID:303432009 Wikipedia:Thymic_veins thymic tributary of brachiocephalic vein vena thymica venae thymicae thymic vein A vein that drains blood from the thymus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vena thymica Wikipedia:Thymic_veins venae thymicae Wikipedia:Thymic_veins The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:36284 FMA:4749 MA:0002088 NCIT:C53031 SCTID:198293000 Wikipedia:Bronchial_veins bronchial venous tree bronchial vein The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Bronchial_veins A congregation of multiple veins. EMAPA:36327 FMA:4767 MA:0000069 SCTID:322151008 Wikipedia:Venous_plexus venous network plexus venosus rete venosum venous plexus A congregation of multiple veins. Wikipedia:Venous_plexus plexus venosus Wikipedia:Venous_plexus rete venosum Wikipedia:Venous_plexus The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000654 EMAPA:35240 FMA:49151 MA:0001269 NCIT:C32315 SCTID:280862009 Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle musculus ciliarus Bowman`s muscles ciliaris musculus ciliaris ciliary muscle The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle musculus ciliarus BTO:0000654 Bowman`s muscles BTO:0000654 ciliaris Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle musculus ciliaris Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle FMA:49154 MA:0001287 SCTID:280888007 Wikipedia:Iris_muscle iris muscle iris muscle organ muscle organ of iris muscle of iris iris muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of iris OBOL:automatic A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris. BTO:0000656 EMAPA:35788 FMA:49157 MA:0001289 NCIT:C33586 SCTID:280889004 Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle M. sphincter pupillae iris sphincter muscle musculus sphincter pupillae sphincter muscle of pupil circular fibers constrictor pupillae iris constrictor iris constrictor muscle iris sphincter m. sphincter pupillae pupillary constrictor muscle pupillary sphincter pupillary sphincter muscle sphincter pupillae sphincter pupillae muscle spincter pupillae sphincter pupillae A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris. Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle iris sphincter muscle BTO:0000656 musculus sphincter pupillae BTO:0000656 sphincter muscle of pupil BTO:0000656 circular fibers Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle constrictor pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle iris constrictor muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle iris sphincter Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle m. sphincter pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle pupillary constrictor muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle pupillary sphincter Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle pupillary sphincter muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle sphincter pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle sphincter pupillae muscle Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle spincter pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001371 EMAPA:35286 FMA:49158 MA:0001288 NCIT:C32463 SCTID:280890008 Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle dilator muscle of pupil dilator of pupil dilator pupillae dilator pupillae muscle iris dilator muscle musculus dilatator pupillae pupillary dilator muscle radial muscle of iris dilator pupillae muscle iris dilator musculus dilatator pupillae musculus dilator pupillae pupil dilator pupil dilator muscle pupillary dilator pupillary muscle radial muscle radiating fibers dilatator pupillae A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle dilator pupillae muscle Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle iris dilator muscle BTO:0001371 musculus dilatator pupillae FMA:49158 FMA:TA pupillary dilator muscle Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle radial muscle of iris Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle dilator pupillae muscle BTO:0001371 iris dilator Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle musculus dilatator pupillae Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle musculus dilator pupillae BTO:0001371 pupil dilator Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle pupil dilator muscle Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle pupillary dilator Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle pupillary muscle Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle radial muscle Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle radiating fibers Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]. AAO:0010492 EMAPA:36324 FMA:49526 MA:0001992 NCIT:C52961 SCTID:181327002 Wikipedia:Lingual_artery lingual branch of external carotid artery arteria lingualis lingual artery The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]. Wikipedia:Lingual_artery arteria lingualis Wikipedia:Lingual_artery A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:19213 FMA:49549 MA:0001950 NCIT:C32578 SCTID:181328007 Wikipedia:Facial_artery arteria maxillaris externa external maxillary artery facial artery A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Facial_artery arteria maxillaris externa Wikipedia:Facial_artery An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0001069 EHDAA:7357 EMAPA:17311 FMA:49675 GAID:498 MA:0001919 MESH:D008438 NCIT:C34205 SCTID:181326006 Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery arteria maxillaris internal maxillary artery maxillary artery An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery arteria maxillaris Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified]. AAO:0010497 EHDAA2:0001300 EHDAA:7363 EMAPA:17007 FMA:49868 GAID:503 MA:0002011 MESH:D009880 NCIT:C33216 SCTID:181310005 Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery XAO:0000368 arteria ophthalmica opthalmic artery ophthalmic artery The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery arteria ophthalmica Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery opthalmic artery Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery An artery that supplies the myocardium. BTO:0000290 CALOHA:TS-0176 EFO:0002551 EMAPA:19160 EV:0100383 FMA:49893 MA:0002453 NCIT:C12843 SCTID:181294004 VHOG:0001557 Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation#Coronary_anatomy ZFA:0005812 galen:CoronaryArtery coronary arterial tree coronary vessel coronary artery An artery that supplies the myocardium. Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation#Coronary_anatomy http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 coronary vessel ZFA:0005812 The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:49927 MA:0001988 NCIT:C52948 SCTID:369324002 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery a. lacrimalis lacrimal artery The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery a. lacrimalis Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. EHDAA2:0004518 EHDAA:3352 EMAPA:18600 FMA:50084 MA:0002023 NCIT:C33357 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001487 SCTID:181314001 TAO:0005001 Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery ZFA:0005001 caudal communicating segment posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery PCA PCS arteria cerebri communicans posterior posterior communicating artery One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery caudal communicating segment ZFA:0005001 posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery ZFA:0005001 arteria cerebri communicans posterior Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. muscle EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 MA:0000015 SCTID:71616004 TAO:0005145 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle muscle organ Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. GO:0007517 muscle ZFA:0005145 An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. AAO:0010211 AEO:0000208 BTO:0000573 CALOHA:TS-0054 EFO:0000814 EHDAA2:0003253 EMAPA:35147 EV:0100026 FMA:50720 GAID:468 MA:0000064 MAT:0000034 MESH:D001158 MIAA:0000034 NCIT:C12372 SCTID:362877004 TAO:0000005 VHOG:0001251 Wikipedia:Artery XAO:0000114 ZFA:0000005 galen:Artery arterial subtree arterial tree organ part arteries arterial system arterial vessel artery An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. AEO:JB arteries TAO:0000005 Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. venous subtree venous vessel AAO:0010212 AEO:0000209 BTO:0000234 CALOHA:TS-1108 EFO:0000816 EHDAA2:0003254 EMAPA:35906 EV:0100031 FMA:50723 GAID:492 MA:0000067 MAT:0000037 MESH:D014680 MIAA:0000037 NCIT:C12814 SCTID:181367001 TAO:0000082 VHOG:0001743 Wikipedia:Vein XAO:0000115 ZFA:0000082 galen:Vein venous tree organ part vascular element vena venae vein Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. Wikipedia:Vein vascular element EMAPA:th vena Wikipedia:Vein venae VHOG:0001743 A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. AAO:0010214 FMA:50735 MA:0002132 TAO:0005090 VHOG:0000642 Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein ZFA:0005090 hepatic portal tree liver portal vein portal vein of liver HPV portal vein primary hepatic portal vein primary hepatic portal veins vena portae hepatis hepatic portal vein A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3091300&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 liver portal vein OBOL:automatic portal vein of liver OBOL:automatic portal vein primary hepatic portal vein ZFA:0005090 vena portae hepatis Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. EHDAA2:0004519 EMAPA:35202 FMA:50737 GAID:483 MA:0001931 MESH:D002445 NCIT:C52846 SCTID:181340007 Wikipedia:Celiac_artery celiac tree coeliac artery arteria coeliaca arteria cœliaca celiac trunk coeliac axis coeliac trunck coeliac trunk truncus coeliacus truncus cœliacus dorsal aorta in Kardong celiac artery The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac artery Wikipedia:Celiac_artery arteria coeliaca Wikipedia:Celiac_artery arteria cœliaca Wikipedia:Celiac_artery celiac trunk Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac axis Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac trunck Wikipedia:Celiac_artery coeliac trunk Wikipedia:Celiac_artery truncus coeliacus Wikipedia:Celiac_artery truncus cœliacus Wikipedia:Celiac_artery Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). 5n AAO:0010470 BAMS:5n BAMS:Vn BAMS:nV BIRNLEX:869 BM:VN BTO:0001072 EFO:0001402 EHDAA2:0002084 EHDAA:3738 EMAPA:17576 FMA:50866 GAID:726 HBA:9322 MA:0001100 MBA:901 MESH:D014276 MFMO:0000093 NCIT:C12806 SCTID:362459002 TAO:0000697 VHOG:0000704 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve XAO:0003092 ZFA:0000697 fifth cranial nerve nervus trigeminus nervus trigeminus [v] trigeminal V trigeminal nerve [V] trigeminal nerve tree trigeminal v nerve CN-V cranial nerve V nerve V nervus trigeminus trigeminus trigeminal nerve Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve 5n BIRNLEX:869 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource nervus trigeminus Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve nervus trigeminus [v] FMA:50866 FMA:TA trigeminal V EHDAA2:0002084 nerve V NeuroNames:549 nervus trigeminus BTO:0001072 trigeminus BTO:0001072 Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). 7n AAO:0010472 BAMS:7n BAMS:VIIn BAMS:Viin BAMS:nVII BIRNLEX:827 BM:Pons-VIIN EHDAA2:0000489 EHDAA:3729 EMAPA:17796 FMA:50868 GAID:719 HBA:9328 MA:0001091 MBA:798 MESH:D005154 NCIT:C12714 SCTID:362460007 TAO:0000664 VHOG:0000706 Wikipedia:Facial_nerve XAO:0003094 ZFA:0000664 branchiomeric cranial nerve face nerve facial VII facial VII nerve facial nerve [VII] facial nerve tree nerve of face nervus facialis nervus facialis [vii] seventh cranial nerve CN-VII cranial nerve VII facial nerve or its root facial nerve/root nerve VII nervus facialis facial nerve Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Facial_nerve 7n BIRNLEX:827 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource face nerve OBOL:automatic facial VII EHDAA2:0000489 nerve of face OBOL:automatic nervus facialis ZFA:0000664 nervus facialis [vii] FMA:50868 FMA:TA facial nerve or its root BAMS:7n facial nerve/root BAMS:7n nerve VII NeuroNames:551 nervus facialis Wikipedia:Facial_nerve Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). 9n AAO:0010474 BAMS:9n BAMS:IXn BIRNLEX:899 BTO:0004979 EHDAA2:0000709 EHDAA:3733 EMAPA:17268 FMA:50870 GAID:827 HBA:9334 MA:0001093 MBA:808 MESH:D005930 NCIT:C12723 SCTID:362465002 TAO:0000668 VHOG:0000701 Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve XAO:0003096 ZFA:0000668 glossopharyngeal IX glossopharyngeal IX nerve glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] glossopharyngeal nerve tree nervus glossopharyngeus nervus glossopharyngeus [ix] ninth cranial nerve CN-IX cranial nerve IX nerve IX nervus glossopharyngeus glossopharyngeal nerve Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve 9n BIRNLEX:899 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource glossopharyngeal IX EHDAA2:0000709 nervus glossopharyngeus ZFA:0000668 nervus glossopharyngeus [ix] FMA:50870 FMA:TA CN-IX nerve IX NeuroNames:701 nervus glossopharyngeus Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue. 12n AAO:0010477 BAMS:12n BAMS:XIIn BAMS:nXII BIRNLEX:820 BTO:0003386 EHDAA2:0000798 EHDAA:2859 EMAPA:17269 FMA:50871 GAID:828 HBA:9343 MA:0001094 MBA:813 MESH:D007002 NCIT:C12732 SCTID:362471008 VHOG:0000693 Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve XAO:0004215 cranial nerve XII hypoglossal XII hypoglossal XII nerve hypoglossal nerve [XII] hypoglossal nerve tree nervus hypoglossus [xii] twelfth cranial nerve CN-XII hypoglossal nerve/ root nerve XII nervi hypoglossalis nervus hypoglossus hypoglossal nerve Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue. ISBN:080184780X VHOG:0000693 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 12n BIRNLEX:820 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource cranial nerve XII BIRNLEX:820 hypoglossal XII EHDAA2:0000798 nervus hypoglossus [xii] FMA:50871 FMA:TA CN-XII VHOG:0000693 hypoglossal nerve/ root BAMS:12n nerve XII NeuroNames:704 nervi hypoglossalis NeuroNames:704 nervus hypoglossus Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. FMA:50872 MA:0002500 NCIT:C33489 SCTID:244235003 Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery galen:RightPulmonaryArtery right main pulmonary artery right pulmonary arterial tree arteria pulmonalis dextra right pulmonary artery The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. UBERON:cjm arteria pulmonalis dextra Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. FMA:50873 MA:0002032 NCIT:C32971 SCTID:244234004 Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery left main pulmonary artery left pulmonary arterial tree arteria pulmonalis sinistra left pulmonary artery The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. UBERON:cjm arteria pulmonalis sinistra Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010513 EMAPA:19220 FMA:50874 MA:0002115 NCIT:C32579 SCTID:181374006 Wikipedia:Facial_vein face vein vein of face anterior facial vein vena facialis anterior facial vein The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Facial_vein face vein OBOL:automatic vein of face OBOL:automatic anterior facial vein Wikipedia:Facial_vein vena facialis anterior Wikipedia:Facial_vein The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:50981 GAID:530 MA:0002096 MESH:D002550 NCIT:C53037 SCTID:244392000 Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins XAO:0004160 venae cerebri venae encephali cerebral vein The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins venae cerebri Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins venae encephali Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins A vein that drains the cerebellum. FMA:51227 MA:0002093 NCIT:C53032 SCTID:40693009 Wikipedia:Cerebellar_veins cerebellum vein epencephalon-1 vein vein of cerebellum vein of epencephalon-1 cerebellar vein A vein that drains the cerebellum. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cerebellum vein OBOL:automatic epencephalon-1 vein OBOL:automatic vein of cerebellum OBOL:automatic vein of epencephalon-1 OBOL:automatic The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve. AAO:0011107 BAMS:5Gn BAMS:GV BTO:0001231 EFO:0000903 EHDAA2:0002085 EHDAA:2113 EMAPA:16797 FMA:52618 GAID:725 MA:0001080 MAT:0000511 MESH:D012668 NCIT:C62642 SCTID:244449009 TAO:0000295 VHOG:0000694 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion XAO:0000427 XAO:0000428 ZFA:0000295 neuronames:1402 5th ganglion Gasserian ganglion fifth ganglion ganglion of trigeminal complex semilunar ganglion trigeminal V ganglion fused trigeminal ganglion Gasser's ganglion Gasserian ganglia gV ganglion of trigeminal nerve ganglion semilunare ganglion trigeminale trigeminal ganglia trigeminus ganglion trigeminal ganglion The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53171 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 5th ganglion ZFA:0000295 Gasserian ganglion Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion fifth ganglion ZFA:0000295 ganglion of trigeminal complex http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 semilunar ganglion ISBN:0471888893 trigeminal V ganglion MA:0001080 fused trigeminal ganglion NCBITaxon:32524 Gasser's ganglion BTO:0001231 Gasserian ganglia Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion ganglion of trigeminal nerve BTO:0001231 ganglion semilunare Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion ganglion trigeminale BTO:0001231 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion trigeminal ganglia The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull. EMAPA:25112 FMA:52735 GAID:227 MA:0001468 MESH:D009777 NCIT:C12757 SCTID:181796003 Wikipedia:Occipital_bone occipital complex occipital squama os occipitale occipital bone The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005269 occipital complex http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/occiput.html os occipitale Wikipedia:Occipital_bone An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. CALOHA:TS-2343 EMAPA:18340 FMA:52736 GAID:230 MA:0001472 MESH:D013100 NCIT:C12790 SCTID:272676008 Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone os sphenoidale sphenoid sphenoidal bone butterfly bone os sphenoidale os sphenoidum sphenoid complex sphenoid bone An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone os sphenoidale FMA:52736 FMA:TA butterfly bone Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone os sphenoidale Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone os sphenoidum Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone The large, irregular bone located at the base and side of the skull; consists of three parts at birth: squamous, tympanic, and petrous. EHDAA:6035 EMAPA:17682 FMA:52737 GAID:232 MA:0001476 MESH:D013701 NCIT:C12797 SCTID:181795004 VHOG:0000800 Wikipedia:Temporal_bone os temporale temporal bone The large, irregular bone located at the base and side of the skull; consists of three parts at birth: squamous, tympanic, and petrous. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005272 os temporale Wikipedia:Temporal_bone A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]. BTO:0004140 EMAPA:19018 FMA:52740 GAID:212 MA:0001483 MESH:D005004 NCIT:C12711 SCTID:272674006 VHOG:0001317 Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone ethmoid ethmoidal bone os ethmoidale ethmoid bone A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]. Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone ethmoid FMA:52740 ethmoidal bone MP:0000101 os ethmoidale FMA:52740 FMA:TA Wikipedia:Ethmoid A horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. [WP,modified]. AAO:0000684 EMAPA:18650 FMA:52749 GAID:197 MA:0001484 MESH:D006928 NCIT:C32752 SCTID:263352000 VHOG:0001325 Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone hyoid hyoid bone hyoideum lingual bone os hyoideum hyoid bone A horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone hyoid Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone hyoid bone Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone hyoideum Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone lingual bone Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone os hyoideum Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted]. ossicle AAO:0011015 EHDAA2:0001183 EHDAA:5697 EMAPA:17824 EV:0100360 FMA:52750 MA:0000254 NCIT:C32164 SCTID:181184001 VHOG:0000461 Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle XAO:0000214 auditory bone middle ear ossicle auditory ossicle ear bone ear ossicle ear ossicles middle ear bone ossicle of ear ossicle of inner ear ossicular chain auditory ossicle bone One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/91 ossicle EMAPA:17824 Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle middle ear ossicle MP:0005105 auditory ossicle MA:0000254 ear bone MA:0000254 ear ossicles ossicular chain Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. AAO:0011014 BIRNLEX:1062 BTO:0000368 CALOHA:TS-1165 EFO:0000826 EHDAA2:0000423 EHDAA:502 EMAPA:16193 EV:0100353 FMA:52780 GAID:62 MA:0000236 MAT:0000138 MESH:D004423 MIAA:0000138 NCIT:C12394 SCTID:1910005 VHOG:0000330 Wikipedia:Ear XAO:0000189 galen:Ear auditory apparatus auris ear Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. GO:0042471 Wikipedia:Ear auris BTO:0000368 Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]. auricular region AAO:0011037 BIRNLEX:1705 BTO:0002100 EFO:0004221 EHDAA2:0000462 EHDAA:3786 EMAPA:16991 EV:0100354 FMA:52781 GAID:104 MA:0000258 MAT:0000147 MESH:D004431 MIAA:0000147 NCIT:C12292 SCTID:420893000 VHOG:0000311 Wikipedia:External_ear XAO:0000190 auricular region of head outer ear auris externa external ear Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]. GO:0042473 Wikipedia:External_ear outer ear MA:0000258 auris externa BTO:0002100 The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents for examination a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and contains, in its interior, the essential parts of the organ of hearing. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium.[WP,unvetted]. petrosal EHDAA2:0001452 EMAPA:17683 FMA:52871 GAID:234 MA:0001477 MESH:D010579 NCIT:C32316 SCTID:361733004 VHOG:0001553 Wikipedia:Petrous_part_of_the_temporal_bone pars petrosa (os temporale) pars petrosa ossis temporalis petromastoid part of temporal bone temporal bone petrous part petrosal bone petrous bone petrous part of temporal bone The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents for examination a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and contains, in its interior, the essential parts of the organ of hearing. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Petrous_part_of_the_temporal_bone petrosal VHOG:0001553 pars petrosa (os temporale) FMA:52871 petromastoid part of temporal bone FMA:52871 petrosal bone FMA:52871 petrous bone FMA:52871 Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball. BTO:0004687 FMA:53074 GAID:223 MA:0002482 MESH:D009915 NCIT:C12347 TAO:0001410 Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy) XAO:0003171 ZFA:0001410 galen:Orbit bony orbit eye socket orbit of skull orbit orbit of skull Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball. TAO:0001410 Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 orbit of skull FMA:53074 orbit ZFA:0001410 The group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve). geniculate BAMS:GgVII EFO:0003669 EHDAA2:0000491 EHDAA2:0004623 EHDAA:5567 EHDAA:6644 EMAPA:17569 FMA:53414 GAID:718 MA:0001076 MESH:D005830 NCIT:C12721 SCTID:279076005 TAO:0001291 VHOG:0000707 Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion ZFA:0001291 neuronames:1535 facial VII ganglion gVII ganglion genicularum genicular ganglion facial ganglion ganglion geniculi ganglion geniculi nervi facialis geniculate ganglion internal genu geniculate ganglion The group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve). ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0001082 geniculate Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion facial VII ganglion MA:0001076 gVII ZFA:0001291 ganglion genicularum FMA:53414 genicular ganglion FMA:53414 Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion facial ganglion ZFA:0001291 ganglion geniculi Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion ganglion geniculi nervi facialis Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion geniculate ganglion MA:0001076 internal genu Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion The group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve. EHDAA2:0000710 EHDAA:2838 EMAPA:16795 FMA:53471 MA:0001077 SCTID:244451008 TAO:0001301 VHOG:0000702 ZFA:0001301 ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve ganglion of glosspharyngeal nerve glossopharyngeal IX ganglion petrosal ganglion gIX glossopharyngeal ganglion The group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve. MP:0001096 ganglion of glosspharyngeal nerve FMA:53471 glossopharyngeal IX ganglion MA:0001077 petrosal ganglion ZFA:0001301 Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. FMA:53672 MA:0000317 SCTID:361731002 TAO:0001580 Wikipedia:Neuroranium XAO:0003170 ZFA:0001580 brain box brain case brain pan braincase neurocranium Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. PMID:11523816 TAO:MAH Wikipedia:Neuroranium ZFA:0001580 brain case ZFA:0001580 brain pan http://www.thefreedictionary.com/braincase braincase ZFA:0001580 The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0000559 AAO:0010135 EHDAA2:0001234 EHDAA2:0004104 EHDAA:6809 EMAPA:17608 FMA:54375 GAID:115 MA:0000285 MESH:D009300 NCIT:C33160 SCTID:181197004 VHOG:0000017 Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septal cartilage septum mobile nasi septum nasi septum of the nose nasal septum The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septal cartilage Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septum mobile nasi Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septum nasi Wikipedia:Nasal_septum septum of the nose Wikipedia:Nasal_septum An anatomical cavity that is part of the olfactory apparatus. This includes the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present. AAO:0000314 BTO:0002096 EHDAA2:0001226 EHDAA:6801 EMAPA:17604 FMA:54378 GAID:350 MA:0000284 MESH:D009296 NCIT:C12424 SCTID:263481003 TAO:0000130 VHOG:0000271 Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity ZFA:0000130 cavity of nose cavity of olfactory apparatus nasal canal nasal conduit space nasal fossa olfactory chamber cavity cavitas nasalis cavitas nasi cavum nasi nasal pit olfactory cavity olfactory chamber olfactory pit nasal cavity An anatomical cavity that is part of the olfactory apparatus. This includes the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cavity of olfactory apparatus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nasal canal ZFA:0000130 nasal conduit space http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nasal fossa Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity olfactory chamber cavity http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cavitas nasalis BTO:0002096 cavitas nasi BTO:0002096 Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity cavum nasi Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity olfactory chamber http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 olfactory pit ZFA:0000130 Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. AAO:0000988 BTO:0001749 EMAPA:35455 FMA:54396 GAID:214 MA:0001905 MESH:D007568 NCIT:C48821 SCTID:181811001 TAO:0001227 Wikipedia:Jaw ZFA:0001227 galen:Jaw jaw jaw cartilage mandibular arch skeleton anterior splanchnocranium jaws mandibular arch oral jaw skeleton pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton visceral arch 1 jaw skeleton Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. Wikipedia:Jaw https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 jaw MA:0001905 jaw cartilage ZFA:0001227 mandibular arch skeleton ZFA:0001227 mandibular arch TAO:0001227 Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. AAO:0000620 EHDAA2:0002118 EHDAA2:0004607 EHDAA:8025 EMAPA:17924 FMA:59399 SCTID:362636001 VHOG:0000454 Wikipedia:Upper_jaw ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw maxillary part of mouth alveolodental arch of bimaxilla dorsal mandibular arch dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 maxillary part of mouth proper palatoquadrate arch upper pharyngeal jaws See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head. upper jaw region Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Wikipedia:Upper_jaw http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 maxillary part of mouth FMA:59399 alveolodental arch of bimaxilla FMA:59399 dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 maxillary part of mouth proper FMA:59399 palatoquadrate arch Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. AAO:0000272 EFO:0003660 EHDAA2:0001018 EHDAA:7995 EMAPA:17906 FMA:59398 MESH:D008334 SCTID:362637005 VHOG:0000453 Wikipedia:Lower_jaw ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw mandibular part of mouth lower part of mouth mandibular series See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head lower jaw region Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Wikipedia:Lower_jaw mandibular part of mouth FMA:59398 The groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves. BIRNLEX:2597 BTO:0000106 EFO:0000902 EMAPA:16659 FMA:54502 MA:0000213 MA:0000214 MAT:0000200 MIAA:0000200 SCTID:244448001 TAO:0000013 VHOG:0000076 Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_ganglion XAO:0000027 ZFA:0000013 cranial ganglion cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system cranial ganglion/nerve cranial nerve ganglion cranial neural ganglion cranial neural tree organ ganglion ganglion of cranial nerve ganglion of cranial neural tree organ cranial ganglia head ganglion presumptive cranial ganglia cranial ganglion The groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:csmith MP:0001081 PMID:9362461 cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system BIRNLEX:2597 cranial neural tree organ ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion of cranial nerve FMA:54502 ganglion of cranial neural tree organ OBOL:automatic presumptive cranial ganglia ZFA:0000013 The part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences. palate palatum BTO:0001779 EMAPA:18948 FMA:54549 GAID:152 MA:0002476 MESH:D010159 NCIT:C12229 NCIT:C34292 SCTID:181227004 Wikipedia:Secondary_palate galen:Palate definitive palate oral roof palatum definitivum palatum secundarium palatum roof of mouth secondary palate The part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences. Wikipedia:Secondary_palate http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html palate EMAPA:18948 GO:0060021 MA:0002476 definitive palate EMAPA:18948 palatum definitivum Wikipedia:Secondary_palate palatum secundarium Wikipedia:Secondary_palate palatum Wikipedia:Palate A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth. AAO:0010360 BTO:0001385 CALOHA:TS-1050 EFO:0000833 EHDAA2:0002062 EHDAA:9144 EMAPA:17185 EV:0100058 FMA:54640 GAID:816 MA:0000347 MAT:0000040 MESH:D014059 MIAA:0000040 NCIT:C12422 SCTID:181226008 TAO:0005333 VHOG:0000419 Wikipedia:Tongue XAO:0000446 ZFA:0005333 glossus tongue A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth. FEED:rd https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/256 glossus Wikipedia:Tongue The cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. EMAPA:35264 FMA:54816 MA:0001502 SCTID:314228003 cranial synchondrosis The cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87514 BIRNLEX:4102 EMAPA:32777 FMA:54819 MA:0001593 NCIT:C33258 SCTID:368728006 lingual papilla tongue papilla papilla of tongue A specialized receptor organ that is a collection of cells spanning the gustatory epithelium. AAO:0010573 BIRNLEX:4101 BTO:0000989 CALOHA:TS-1015 EMAPA:35850 FMA:54825 GAID:815 MA:0001591 MESH:D013650 NCIT:C96518 SCTID:362099006 TAO:0001074 VHOG:0000130 Wikipedia:Taste_bud XAO:0000445 ZFA:0001074 http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/nifext_14 tastebud caliculus gustatorius taste buds taste-bud tastebuds taste bud A specialized receptor organ that is a collection of cells spanning the gustatory epithelium. http://periowiki.wikispot.org/Taste_bud_histology tastebud Wikipedia:Taste_bud caliculus gustatorius Wikipedia:Taste_bud taste buds Wikipedia:Taste_bud taste-bud Wikipedia:Taste_bud tastebuds Wikipedia:Taste_bud The section of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate. BTO:0000662 CALOHA:TS-0663 EHDAA2:0001239 EHDAA:7086 EMAPA:17670 EV:0100066 FMA:54878 GAID:339 MA:0000443 MAT:0000447 MESH:D009305 NCIT:C12423 SCTID:181200003 VHOG:0000375 Wikipedia:Nasopharynx nasal part of pharynx rhinopharynx Nasenrachenraum epipharynx pars nasalis pharyngis nasopharynx The section of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate. MGI:cwg MP:0002251 Nasenrachenraum BTO:0000662 epipharynx Wikipedia:Pharynx pars nasalis pharyngis Wikipedia:Nasopharynx The portion of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis. BTO:0005257 CALOHA:TS-0718 EFO:0001976 EHDAA2:0004082 EMAPA:25094 EV:0100067 FMA:54879 GAID:340 MA:0000351 MAT:0000446 MESH:D009960 NCIT:C12762 SCTID:263376008 VHOG:0000457 VSAO:0000034 Wikipedia:Oropharynx XAO:0004048 oral part of pharynx mesopharynx pars oralis pharyngis oropharynx The portion of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis. MGI:cwg MP:0002252 mesopharynx Wikipedia:Pharynx pars oralis pharyngis Wikipedia:Oropharynx An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. AAO:0010435 BSA:0000113 BTO:0002097 EMAPA:18381 FMA:54935 SCTID:180543003 XAO:0000105 lumen of pharynx pharyngeal cavity cavitas pharyngealis cavitas pharyngis cavity of pharynx An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. OBOL:automatic cavitas pharyngealis cavitas pharyngis BTO:0002097 The lymph tissue in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx. BTO:0000777 EV:0100054 FMA:54970 GAID:1288 MA:0000774 MESH:D000234 NCIT:C33318 SCTID:181199001 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_tonsil adenoid nasopharyngeal tonsil tonsil of Luschka tonsilla pharyngealis Rachenmandel tonsilla pharyngea pharyngeal tonsil The lymph tissue in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx. MGI:cwg MP:0002384 tonsilla pharyngealis FMA:54970 FMA:TA Rachenmandel BTO:0000777 tonsilla pharyngea Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_tonsil The circular lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, pharyngeal, and faucial tonsils. FMA:55070 MA:0000752 NCIT:C73468 SCTID:56411004 Wikipedia:Waldeyer's_ring Waldeyer's ring Waldeyer's tonsillar ring anulus lymphoideus pharyngis oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue pharyngeal lymphatic ring pharyngeal lymphoid ring tonsillar ring The circular lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, pharyngeal, and faucial tonsils. MGI:cwg MP:0002379 anulus lymphoideus pharyngis FMA:55070 FMA:TA Either of the paired compound tubuloalveolar (aka tubuloacinar) major salivary glands composed of both serous and mucous secretory cells and situated beneath the mandible. BTO:0001316 CALOHA:TS-0988 EFO:0001387 EMAPA:18812 EV:0100061 FMA:55093 GAID:942 MA:0001589 MESH:D013363 NCIT:C12233 SCTID:181235001 VHOG:0000364 Wikipedia:Submandibular_gland mandibular gland mandibular salivary gland submandibular salivary gland glandula submandibularis maxillary gland submaxillary gland lobular, sexually dimorphic in mouse submandibular gland Either of the paired compound tubuloalveolar (aka tubuloacinar) major salivary glands composed of both serous and mucous secretory cells and situated beneath the mandible. DOI:10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00088.x MGI:anna mandibular gland http://www.avdc.org/Nomenclature.pdf mandibular salivary gland http://www.avdc.org/Nomenclature.pdf glandula submandibularis Wikipedia:Submandibular_gland A continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. AAO:0000268 BTO:0001208 CALOHA:TS-0532 EFO:0000838 EHDAA2:0004063 EMAPA:18333 EV:0100039 FMA:55097 GAID:108 MA:0000414 MAT:0000187 MESH:D007830 MIAA:0000187 NCIT:C12420 SCTID:181212004 VHOG:0001279 Wikipedia:Larynx XAO:0003081 galen:Larynx larynx A continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. Wikipedia:Larynx http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx. BTO:0003660 EHDAA:8157 EMAPA:18697 FMA:55108 GAID:107 MA:0001758 MESH:D007817 NCIT:C12281 SCTID:263482005 VHOG:0001550 cartilage of larynx cartilagines laryngeales larynx cartilage laryngeal cartilage The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx. MP:0002256 cartilage of larynx FMA:55108 cartilagines laryngeales larynx cartilage VHOG:0001550 A ligament that is part of a larynx and connexts the cartilages of the larynx. FMA:55131 MA:0001755 NCIT:C32933 SCTID:279508004 laryngeal ligament larynx ligament ligament of larynx A ligament that is part of a larynx and connexts the cartilages of the larynx. http://education.yahoo.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject/236 larynx ligament MA:0001755 Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]. BTO:0000753 CALOHA:TS-0584 FMA:55220 GAID:342 MA:0002436 MESH:D008221 NCIT:C13049 SCTID:181768009 Wikipedia:Lymphoid_tissue galen:LymphoidTissue lymphatic tissue lymphocytic tissue lymphoid tissue Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymphoid_tissue FMA:55513 MA:0002675 NCIT:C33781 SCTID:176859009 capsula fibrosa glandulae thyroideae fibrous capsule of thyroid gland thyroid capsule thyroid gland capsule capsule of thyroid gland capsula fibrosa glandulae thyroideae FMA:55513 FMA:TA fibrous capsule of thyroid gland FMA:55513 thyroid gland capsule MA:0002675 A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004579 FMA:55515 MA:0000730 SCTID:371402001 parenchyma of thyroid parenchyma of thyroid follicle parenchyma of thyroid gland follicle thyroid follicle parenchyma thyroid gland follicle parenchyma thyroid gland parenchyma thyroid parenchyma parenchyma glandulae thyroideae parenchyma of thyroid gland A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic parenchyma of thyroid OBOL:accepted parenchyma of thyroid follicle OBOL:automatic parenchyma of thyroid gland follicle OBOL:automatic thyroid follicle parenchyma OBOL:automatic thyroid gland follicle parenchyma OBOL:automatic thyroid parenchyma OBOL:accepted parenchyma glandulae thyroideae BTO:0004579 The dense and irregular connective tissue capsule surrounding a parathyroid gland. EMAPA:35663 FMA:55566 MA:0002676 NCIT:C33265 parathyroid gland capsule capsule of parathyroid gland The dense and irregular connective tissue capsule surrounding a parathyroid gland. MGI:anna A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35664 FMA:55569 MA:0002677 parathyroid gland parenchyma parathyroid parenchyma parenchyma of parathyroid parenchyma of parathyroid gland A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic parathyroid parenchyma OBOL:automatic parenchyma of parathyroid OBOL:automatic A network of orbital structures of the eye that secrete and drain tears from the surface of the eyeball into the nasal cavity; these parts include the lacrimal glands, lacrimal lake, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sacs, nasolacrimal ducts, and lacrimal puncta. EMAPA:35462 FMA:55605 GAID:901 MA:0000274 MESH:D007765 NCIT:C32905 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_apparatus apparatus lacrimalis lacrymal system lacrimal drainage system nasolacrimal drainage system nasolacrimal system lacrimal apparatus A network of orbital structures of the eye that secrete and drain tears from the surface of the eyeball into the nasal cavity; these parts include the lacrimal glands, lacrimal lake, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sacs, nasolacrimal ducts, and lacrimal puncta. MGI:anna apparatus lacrimalis Wikipedia:Lacrimal_apparatus lacrymal system MGI:anna lacrimal drainage system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nasolacrimal drainage system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nasolacrimal system HPO:pr Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. BTO:0003453 EMAPA:35281 FMA:55628 GAID:1272 MA:0002542 MESH:D003804 NCIT:C32453 SCTID:362112004 TAO:0005143 VHOG:0001589 VSAO:0000069 Wikipedia:Dentin XAO:0004051 ZFA:0005143 dentin dentine of tooth predentin . dentine Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000069 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 dentin MA:0002542 ZFA:0005143 predentin GO:0070468 A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]. BTO:0001844 CALOHA:TS-1057 EMAPA:35303 FMA:55629 MA:0002543 MESH:D003743 NCIT:C32505 SCTID:362113009 VSAO:0000065 Wikipedia:Enamel_organ XAO:0004198 enamel of tooth enamel tissue tooth enamel enameloid enamel A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]. Wikipedia:Enamel_organ ZFIN:curator enamel tissue VSAO:curator The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. BTO:0000339 CALOHA:TS-0195 EMAPA:35274 FMA:55631 GAID:1270 MA:0001599 MESH:D003782 NCIT:C32451 SCTID:362110007 TAO:0005141 VHOG:0001469 Wikipedia:Dental_pulp ZFA:0005141 pulp of tooth tooth pulp dental pulp cell dental pulp The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. Wikipedia:Dental_pulp tooth pulp ZFA:0005141 dental pulp cell BTO:0000339 The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO]. AAO:0011065 BIRNLEX:1695 BTO:0002099 CALOHA:TS-2233 EHDAA2:0001181 EHDAA:5693 EMAPA:17000 EV:0100357 FMA:56513 GAID:165 MA:0000253 MAT:0000146 MESH:D004432 MIAA:0000146 NCIT:C12274 SCTID:181185000 VHOG:0000312 Wikipedia:Middle_ear XAO:0000191 auris media middle ear The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO]. GO:0042474 Wikipedia:Middle_ear auris media BTO:0002099 Wikipedia:Middle_ear The part of the ear that projects from the head, connecting to the external acoustic meatus. EHDAA2:0001467 EMAPA:17589 EV:0100355 FMA:56580 MA:0000259 NCIT:C32165 SCTID:421159007 VHOG:0000460 Wikipedia:Pinna_(anatomy) galen:Auricle auricle auricle of ear auricle of external ear auricula auricula (auris externa) pinna of ear pinnae pinna The part of the ear that projects from the head, connecting to the external acoustic meatus. Wikipedia:Pinna_(anatomy) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 auricula Wikipedia:Auricula pinnae The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]. BTO:0001021 CALOHA:TS-2380 GAID:216 MESH:D010519 NCIT:C33304 Wikipedia:Periodontium paradentium periodontal ligament periodontal membrane tooth supporting structure periodontium The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]. BTO:0001021 Wikipedia:Periodontium paradentium MESH:A14.254.646 periodontal ligament FMA:56665 periodontal membrane MA:0002467 tooth supporting structure MESH:A14.254.646 Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). 10n AAO:0010475 BAMS:10n BAMS:Xn BIRNLEX:801 BTO:0003472 EFO:0002549 FMA:5731 GAID:721 HBA:9337 MA:0001106 MBA:917 MESH:D014630 NCIT:C12812 SCTID:362466001 TAO:0000453 VHOG:0000737 Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve XAO:0003097 ZFA:0000453 galen:VagusNerve nervus vagus [x] tenth cranial nerve vagus vagus X nerve vagus nerve [X] vagus nerve tree CN-X cranial nerve X nerve X nervus vagus pneuomgastric nerve vagal nerve vagus nerve or its root vagus nerve Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve 10n BIRNLEX:801 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource nervus vagus [x] FMA:5731 FMA:TA vagus X nerve MA:0001106 nerve X NeuroNames:702 nervus vagus BTO:0003472 Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve pneuomgastric nerve BTO:0003472 vagus nerve or its root BAMS:10n The small curved bones that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage. EHDAA2:0004101 EMAPA:25093 GAID:224 MA:0000286 MESH:D014420 NCIT:C49594 SCTID:361931007 Wikipedia:Nasal_concha ossified nasal turbinal ossified nasal turbinate ossified turbinate turbinal bone turbinate bone concha turbinate bone The small curved bones that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0002244 turbinate bone EMAPA:25093 concha EMAPA:25093 A condensation of odontoblasts that forms the part of a tooth germ that gives rise to dentin and pulp in the mature tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. BTO:0001839 EMAPA:32892 FMA:57662 GAID:1277 MA:0001598 MESH:D003771 TAO:0005140 VHOG:0001465 VSAO:0000025 Wikipedia:Dental_papilla XAO:0004045 ZFA:0005140 odontogenic condensation pharyngeal tooth mesenchyme dental papilla dentinal papilla dermal papilla papilla dentis tooth mesenchyme odontogenic papilla A condensation of odontoblasts that forms the part of a tooth germ that gives rise to dentin and pulp in the mature tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. Wikipedia:Dental_papilla ZFA:0005140 odontogenic condensation VSAO:0000025 pharyngeal tooth mesenchyme ZFA:0005140 dental papilla MA:0001598 dentinal papilla BTO:0001839 dermal papilla ISBN:0073040584 papilla dentis Wikipedia:Dental_papilla tooth mesenchyme ZFA:0005140 Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO]. BTO:0002845 CALOHA:TS-2385 EMAPA:35538 FMA:58006 MA:0000791 NCIT:C32910 SCTID:361719004 Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct lactiferous duct lactiferous gland duct mammary gland duct ductus lactiferi galactophorous duct galactophorous tubule lactiferous tubule mammilary duct This structure regresses in most males mammary duct Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO]. GO:0060603 Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct lactiferous duct FMA:58006 lactiferous gland duct OBOL:automatic mammary gland duct MA:0000791 ductus lactiferi BTO:0002845 Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct galactophorous duct Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct galactophorous tubule BTO:0002845 lactiferous tubule BTO:0002845 mammilary duct Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. BTO:0002084 EHDAA2:0000129 EHDAA:9033 EMAPA:18231 FMA:58078 GAID:889 MA:0000262 MESH:D000867 NCIT:C12667 SCTID:181160009 VHOG:0001431 Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball anterior chamber anterior chamber of eye camera anterior eye anterior chamber camera anterior bulbi camera anterior bulbi oculi camera oculi anterior anterior chamber of eyeball The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. MESH:A09.371.060.067 MP:0005205 anterior chamber HP:0000593 MP:0010709 camera anterior bulbi BTO:0002084 camera anterior bulbi oculi Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball camera oculi anterior BTO:0002084 The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. CALOHA:TS-2228 EMAPA:35901 FMA:58103 GAID:912 MA:0002480 MESH:D014602 NCIT:C12811 SCTID:280648000 Wikipedia:Uvea tunica vasculosa of eyeball uvea uveal tract pars iridica retinae tunica vasculatis oculi tunica vasculosa bulbi vascular layer of eyeball uvea The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. MP:0005197 Wikipedia:Uvea tunica vasculosa of eyeball FMA:58103 uvea FMA:58103 uveal tract FMA:58103 pars iridica retinae Wikipedia:Uvea tunica vasculatis oculi Wikipedia:Uvea tunica vasculosa bulbi Wikipedia:Uvea vascular layer of eyeball FMA:58103 The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. AAO:0010347 BTO:0000653 CALOHA:TS-0491 EFO:0004245 EMAPA:19154 EV:0100345 FMA:58235 GAID:917 MA:0000273 MESH:D007498 NCIT:C12737 SCTID:181164000 TAO:0001238 VHOG:0000101 Wikipedia:Iris_(anatomy) XAO:0000185 ZFA:0001238 anterior uvea irides irises iris The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0001322 irides irises VHOG:0000101 The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. BTO:0000287 CALOHA:TS-0173 EFO:0001917 EHDAA2:0000319 EMAPA:17162 FMA:58263 GAID:895 MA:0001243 MESH:D019573 NCIT:C12928 SCTID:368825001 TAO:0002187 Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium ZFA:0001683 anterior corneal epithelium cornea epithelial tissue cornea epithelium epithelial tissue of cornea epithelium anterius (cornea) epithelium anterius corneae epithelium corneæ anterior layer epithelium of cornea external epithelium of cornea anterior endothelium of cornea e. anterius corneae endothelium anterius corneae endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi endothelium corneale epithelium posterius corneae corneal epithelium The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. MESH:A09.371.060.217.325 MGI:smb MP:0006000 cornea epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic cornea epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cornea OBOL:automatic epithelium anterius corneae FMA:58263 FMA:TA anterior endothelium of cornea BTO:0000287 e. anterius corneae Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium endothelium anterius corneae BTO:0000287 endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi BTO:0000287 endothelium corneale BTO:0000287 epithelium posterius corneae BTO:0000287 Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. AAO:0010354 BTO:0001606 EMAPA:19027 EV:0100342 FMA:58269 GAID:911 MA:0000280 MESH:D012590 NCIT:C12784 SCTID:181163006 VHOG:0001274 Wikipedia:Sclera XAO:0000183 ZFA:0005563 scleral capsule Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. sclera Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. Wikipedia:Sclera ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-050701-15 A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. AAO:0000611 EMAPA:35888 FMA:58274 MA:0000514 TAO:0000473 XAO:0003230 ZFA:0000473 body musculature muscle of trunk muscle organ of torso muscle organ of trunk torso muscle organ trunk muscle trunk muscle organ trunk musculature skeletal muscle of trunk A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 body musculature ZFA:0000473 muscle of trunk FMA:58274 muscle organ of torso OBOL:automatic muscle organ of trunk OBOL:automatic torso muscle organ OBOL:automatic trunk muscle organ OBOL:automatic The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. AAO:0010341 BTO:0000260 CALOHA:TS-0694 EMAPA:19065 EV:0100346 FMA:58295 GAID:916 MA:0000264 MESH:D002924 NCIT:C12345 SCTID:263340007 VHOG:0000102 Wikipedia:Ciliary_body XAO:0000186 neuronames:1571 ocular ciliary body anterior uvea ciliary bodies corpus ciliare ciliary body The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005099 Wikipedia:Ciliary_body ciliary bodies VHOG:0000102 corpus ciliare Wikipedia:Ciliary_body Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. BTO:0001829 CALOHA:TS-2054 EMAPA:19077 EV:0100347 FMA:58298 GAID:913 MA:0000263 MESH:D002829 NCIT:C12344 SCTID:181172003 TAO:0005229 VHOG:0001568 Wikipedia:Choroid ZFA:0005229 choroid choroid coat choroidea eye choroid posterior uvea chorioid choroidea optic choroid optic choroid Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. Wikipedia:Choroid choroid MA:0000263 choroid coat Wikipedia:Choroid choroidea Wikipedia:Choroid eye choroid VHOG:0001568 posterior uvea Wikipedia:Uvea#Regions chorioid BTO:0001829 choroidea Wikipedia:Choroid optic choroid ZFA:0005229 The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes. substantia propria CALOHA:TS-1138 EFO:0002514 EMAPA:17602 FMA:58306 GAID:893 MA:0001245 MESH:D003319 NCIT:C12699 SCTID:362511000 TAO:0002189 Wikipedia:Corneal_stroma ZFA:0001685 corneal stroma stroma of cornea substantia propria corneae substantia propria of cornea The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MESH:A09.371.060.217.228 MP:0005300 corneal stroma MA:0001245 substantia propria corneae FMA:58306 FMA:TA A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. BTO:0001770 CALOHA:TS-0695 EMAPA:35239 FMA:58464 MA:0001238 NCIT:C32314 SCTID:280870004 Wikipedia:Ciliary_body#Ciliary_epithelium ciliary body epithelium epithelium of ciliary body ocular ciliary epithelium ciliary epithelium A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. Wikipedia:Ciliary_body#Ciliary_epithelium ciliary body epithelium FMA:58464 epithelium of ciliary body FMA:58464 The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. EMAPA:35451 FMA:58526 MA:0002777 SCTID:280882008 Wikipedia:Iris_stroma ZFA:0005569 iridial stroma stroma of iris iris stroma The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae. Wikipedia:Iris_stroma http://www.drugs.com/dict/stroma-of-iris.html The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. AAO:0011101 BAMS:spin BTO:0000870 EHDAA2:0001898 EMAPA:16989 FMA:5858 GAID:841 MA:0000233 MESH:D013127 NCIT:C12792 SCTID:361099009 VHOG:0000824 Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve XAO:0003101 neuronames:1228 backbone nerve nerve of backbone nerve of spinal column nerve of spine nerve of vertebral column spinal column nerve spinal nerve tree spine nerve vertebral column nerve nervi spinales spinal nerves spinal nerve The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. MESH:A08.800.800.720 MP:0001077 backbone nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of backbone OBOL:automatic nerve of spinal column OBOL:automatic nerve of spine OBOL:automatic nerve of vertebral column OBOL:automatic spinal column nerve OBOL:automatic spine nerve OBOL:automatic vertebral column nerve OBOL:automatic nervi spinales Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve spinal nerves BAMS:spin Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. AAO:0010353 EMAPA:35742 FMA:58617 MA:0001319 NCIT:C49328 SCTID:280657006 XAO:0000266 retina layer retina neuronal layer retinal layer retinal neuronal layer layer of retina Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. MP:0003727 retina neuronal layer MP:0006069 retinal neuronal layer MP:0006069 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. AAO:0000108 BAMS:cran BIRNLEX:1623 BTO:0001104 EHDAA2:0000323 EMAPA:17264 FMA:5865 GAID:802 HBA:9299 MA:0000215 MBA:967 MESH:D003391 NCIT:C12700 SCTID:244447006 TAO:0000641 VHOG:0000279 Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve XAO:0000429 XAO:0003089 ZFA:0000641 neuronames:1227 cranial neural tree organ cranial nerves nervus cranialis cranial nerve Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve nervus cranialis Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. EHDAA2:0000139 EHDAA:10196 EMAPA:18232 ENVO:02000024 FMA:58819 GAID:890 MA:0001236 MESH:D001082 NCIT:C13190 SCTID:280587006 VHOG:0000548 Wikipedia:Aqueous_humor ZFA:0005564 aqueous humor aqueous humour humor aquosus aqueous humor of eyeball A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. Wikipedia:Aqueous_humor aqueous humour EHDAA2:0000139 humor aquosus FMA:58819 FMA:TA A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina. portion of vitreous humor BTO:0001451 CALOHA:TS-0308 EMAPA:17837 ENVO:02000032 EV:0100344 FMA:58822 MA:0001286 NCIT:C13323 VHOG:0000795 Wikipedia:Vitreous_humour ZFA:0005561 humor vitreous humor vitreus vitreous whole portion of vitreous humor humoral fluid ocular fluid vitreous fluid vitreous humour vitreous humor A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina. MP:0002699 portion of vitreous humor FMA:67388 humor vitreus FMA:58822 FMA:TA vitreous ZFA:0005561 whole portion of vitreous humor FMA:58822 humoral fluid BTO:0001451 ocular fluid BTO:0001451 vitreous fluid BTO:0001451 Gelatinous mucoid tissue that is composed of vitreous humor and fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina[MP,modified]. CALOHA:TS-0308 FMA:58827 GAID:919 MA:0002462 MESH:D014822 NCIT:C33884 SCTID:181170006 vitreous body Gelatinous mucoid tissue that is composed of vitreous humor and fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina[MP,modified]. MP:0002699 The chamber in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball[BTO,modified]. BTO:0002087 FMA:58848 MA:0002461 NCIT:C33885 Wikipedia:Vitreous_chamber camera postrema camera postrema bulbi oculi camera vitrea camera vitrea bulbi postremal chamber postremal chamber of eyeball vitreous chamber vitreous chamber of eyeball The chamber in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball[BTO,modified]. BTO:0002087 camera postrema FMA:58848 camera postrema bulbi oculi FMA:58848 FMA:TA camera vitrea FMA:58848 camera vitrea bulbi FMA:58848 postremal chamber FMA:58848 postremal chamber of eyeball FMA:58848 vitreous chamber FMA:58848 The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. AEO:0001000 BTO:0005630 EMAPA:36596 FMA:5885 MA:0002566 MESH:D017950 NCIT:C13060 ganglion sensorium sensory ganglion The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. MP:0000960 ganglion sensorium Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). EMAPA:36594 FMA:58865 MA:0002484 MESH:D000869 NCIT:C12668 SCTID:280658001 Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball ZFA:0005566 anterior eye segment anterior segment eye anterior segment of eye anterior segment of the eye eye anterior segment segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum anterius bulbi oculi anterior segment of eyeball Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MESH:A09.371.060 MP:0005193 anterior segment eye ZFA:0005566 segmentum anterius bulbi oculi Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). EMAPA:36595 FMA:58868 MA:0002485 NCIT:C12906 SCTID:280659009 Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball ZFA:0005567 eye posterior segment posterior eye segment posterior segment eye posterior segment of eye posterior segment of the eye segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum posterius bulbi oculi posterior segment of eyeball Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005195 posterior segment eye ZFA:0005567 segmentum posterius bulbi oculi Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. BTO:0001873 CALOHA:TS-0543 EMAPA:32871 FMA:58871 MA:0001301 SCTID:362523006 TAO:0001326 Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_Epithelium XAO:0004094 ZFA:0001326 epithelial tissue of eye lens epithelial tissue of lens epithelium lentis epithelium of eye lens eye lens epithelial tissue eye lens epithelium lens epithelial tissue lens epithelium epithelium of lens A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 epithelial tissue of eye lens OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lens OBOL:automatic epithelium lentis FMA:58871 FMA:TA epithelium of eye lens OBOL:automatic eye lens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic eye lens epithelium OBOL:automatic lens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. EHDAA2:0000977 EMAPA:18237 FMA:58881 MA:0001300 NCIT:C32975 SCTID:244500004 VHOG:0000550 Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_capsule ZFA:0005574 capsula lentis lens capsule capsule of lens The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. MGI:smb MP:0003236 PMID:15483628 capsula lentis Ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. AEO:0001001 CALOHA:TS-2340 EMAPA:18221 FMA:5889 MA:0000220 MESH:D005725 NCIT:C12720 Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion autonomic nervous system ganglion ganglion of autonomic nervous system ganglion of visceral nervous system visceral nervous system ganglion ganglion autonomicum autonomic ganglion Ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion. Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion autonomic nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion of autonomic nervous system OBOL:automatic ganglion of visceral nervous system OBOL:automatic visceral nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion autonomicum Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia. AAO:0010773 BTO:0001333 CALOHA:TS-0994 EHDAA2:0001969 EMAPA:17157 FMA:5890 MA:0000226 NCIT:C12467 SCTID:362485003 Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion ganglion of sympathetic nervous system ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion sympatheticum sympathetic nervous system ganglion sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion ganglion sympathicum sympathetic ganglion A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia. MP:0001008 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ganglion of sympathetic nervous system OBOL:automatic ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system OBOL:automatic sympathetic nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion sympathicum BTO:0001333 Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion Ganglion containing neurons that receive innervation from parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system and subserves parasympathetic functions through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. BTO:0001256 EHDAA2:0001400 EMAPA:32813 FMA:5894 MA:0002469 NCIT:C52557 NLXANAT:100303 SCTID:279284004 Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_ganglion ganglion parasympathicum parasympathetic ganglion Ganglion containing neurons that receive innervation from parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system and subserves parasympathetic functions through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. NLXANAT:100303 ganglion parasympathicum BTO:0001256 Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_ganglion Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. plexus AEO:0000138 BTO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003138 EHDAA:3780 FMA:5901 MA:0002407 NCIT:C12929 SCTID:122455009 Wikipedia:Nervous_system_plexus nerve plexus Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. FMA:5901 Wikipedia:Nervous_system_plexus https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1306 An intermingling of fiber fascicles from adjacent spinal nerves to form a network. EHDAA2:0001899 EMAPA:16987 FMA:5903 MA:0000235 NCIT:C49601 SCTID:42280003 VHOG:0000925 plexus nervorum spinalium plexus of spinal nerves somatic nerve plexus spinal nerve plexus spinal nerve plexus An intermingling of fiber fascicles from adjacent spinal nerves to form a network. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=70024 plexus nervorum spinalium FMA:5903 FMA:TA plexus of spinal nerves FMA:5903 somatic nerve plexus FMA:5903 spinal nerve plexus FMA:5903 An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified]. EHDAA2:0000180 EHDAA:3782 EMAPA:16988 FMA:5906 GAID:842 MA:0001180 MESH:D001917 NCIT:C12682 SCTID:181002002 VHOG:0000372 Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus brachial plexus plexus brachialis brachial nerve plexus An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified]. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus brachial plexus MA:0001180 plexus brachialis Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18224 FMA:5910 MA:0000221 SCTID:362482000 autonomic plexus plexus autonomicus plexus nervosus visceralis plexus visceralis visceral nerve plexus visceral plexus autonomic nerve plexus A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic plexus autonomicus FMA:5910 FMA:TA plexus nervosus visceralis FMA:5910 FMA:TA plexus visceralis FMA:5910 FMA:TA The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP]. BTO:0000044 CALOHA:TS-0512 EFO:0001389 EMAPA:35463 EV:0100339 FMA:59101 MA:0001296 NCIT:C12346 SCTID:181147003 VHOG:0001476 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_gland Wikipedia:Preorbital_gland glandula lacrimalis lacrimal-preorbital gland glandula praeorbitalis preorbital gland tear gland lacrimal gland The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP]. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 glandula lacrimalis Wikipedia:Lacrimal_gland lacrimal-preorbital gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 glandula praeorbitalis NCBITaxon:91561 Wikipedia:Preorbital_gland preorbital gland NCBITaxon:91561 Wikipedia:Preorbital_gland tear gland BTO:0000044 Any of the coil glands of the skin that secrete sweat. BTO:0001331 CALOHA:TS-0993 EMAPA:35844 EV:0100160 FMA:59152 GAID:943 MA:0000150 MESH:D013545 NCIT:C33712 SCTID:361700009 VHOG:0001467 Wikipedia:Sweat_gland glandula sudorifera sudoriferous gland sudoriparous gland sweat gland Any of the coil glands of the skin that secrete sweat. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000674 glandula sudorifera BTO:0001331 sudoriferous gland BTO:0001331 sudoriparous gland BTO:0001331 A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP]. BTO:0001980 CALOHA:TS-2384 EMAPA:35754 EV:0100161 FMA:59160 GAID:900 MA:0002565 MESH:D012627 NCIT:C33519 SCTID:361697005 VHOG:0001468 Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland glandula sebacea glandula sebaceae sebaceous follicle sebaceous gland A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP]. MP:0000647 Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland glandula sebacea Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland glandula sebaceae BTO:0001980 sebaceous follicle BTO:0001980 One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP]. CALOHA:TS-0655 FMA:59502 MA:0001883 NCIT:C49593 SCTID:278941001 Wikipedia:Nasal_cartilage cartilage of nose nasal cartilage One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP]. Wikipedia:Nasal_cartilage The mucous lining of the larynx, which is composed of squamous epithelium in the upper larynx and ciliated columnar epithelium in the lower larynx. EMAPA:18334 FMA:59662 GAID:301 MA:0001766 MESH:D007820 NCIT:C49246 SCTID:361940006 laryngeal mucosa larynx mucosa larynx mucosa of organ larynx mucous membrane larynx organ mucosa mucosa of organ of larynx mucous membrane of larynx organ mucosa of larynx tunica mucosa laryngis laryngeal mucous membrane mucosa of larynx The mucous lining of the larynx, which is composed of squamous epithelium in the upper larynx and ciliated columnar epithelium in the lower larynx. MP:0002261 larynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic larynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic larynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of larynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of larynx OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa laryngis FMA:59662 FMA:TA laryngeal mucous membrane EMAPA:18334 The mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP]. BTO:0000912 CALOHA:TS-0657 EMAPA:36026 FMA:59684 GAID:302 SCTID:310211009 Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane_of_nose mucosa of nose mucous membrane of nose tunica mucosa nasalis tunica mucosa nasi nasal mucosa nasal cavity mucosa The mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP]. MP:0002238 mucosa of nose FMA:59684 mucous membrane of nose FMA:59684 tunica mucosa nasi FMA:59684 FMA:TA Aqueous substance secreted by the lacrimal gland. BTO:0001499 CALOHA:TS-1016 EMAPA:36537 ENVO:02000034 FMA:59756 GAID:1173 MA:0002508 MESH:D013666 NCIT:C33739 Wikipedia:Tear galen:Tear galen:Tears lacrimal fluid lacrimal gland secretion lacrimal secretion tear tears tear fluid secretion of lacrimal gland Aqueous substance secreted by the lacrimal gland. Wikipedia:Tear http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tear FMA:59756 tears tear fluid BTO:0001499 The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]. BTO:0000519 CALOHA:TS-2074 EFO:0001925 EMAPA:35945 EV:0100064 FMA:59762 GAID:1257 MA:0000342 MESH:D005881 NCIT:C32677 SCTID:181224006 VHOG:0001269 Wikipedia:Gingiva galen:Gingiva gum gum tissue gums gingival mucosa gingiva The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]. ISBN:0013002015 Wikipedia:Gingiva gum FMA:59762 gum tissue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. FMA:59788 MA:0002478 NCIT:C12999 SCTID:303049006 galen:MajorSalivaryGland major salivary gland One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. MP:0003792 One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. BTO:0001647 CALOHA:TS-0558 EMAPA:32839 FMA:59816 GAID:76 MA:0000343 MESH:D008046 NCIT:C12220 SCTID:181221003 TAO:0007006 VHOG:0000677 Wikipedia:Lip ZFA:0007006 galen:Lip labia oris lips lip One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. Wikipedia:Lip http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9458 labia oris Wikipedia:Lip Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]. EMAPA:17925 FMA:59817 MA:0000919 SCTID:245776003 TAO:0001970 VHOG:0001750 Wikipedia:Upper_lip ZFA:0005226 upper jaw lip labium superius oris upper lip Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]. TAO:0001970 Wikipedia:Upper_lip upper jaw lip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 labium superius oris Wikipedia:Upper_lip Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. EMAPA:17909 FMA:59818 MA:0000921 NCIT:C94572 SCTID:245777007 TAO:0002060 Wikipedia:Lower_lip ZFA:0005225 lower jaw lip labium inferius oris lower lip Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. TAO:0002060 Wikipedia:Lower_lip lower jaw lip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 labium inferius oris Wikipedia:Lower_lip A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. BTO:0001202 CALOHA:TS-0891 EMAPA:36536 ENVO:02000036 FMA:59862 GAID:1167 MA:0002507 MAT:0000444 MESH:D012463 NCIT:C13275 Wikipedia:Saliva galen:Saliva salivary gland secretion sailva normalis saliva atomaris saliva molecularis saliva A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. GO:0046541 Wikipedia:Saliva salivary gland secretion FMA:59862 sailva normalis Wikipedia:Saliva saliva atomaris Wikipedia:Saliva saliva molecularis Wikipedia:Saliva The duct of a salivary gland. BTO:0005115 EMAPA:35750 FMA:59908 GAID:939 MA:0001586 MESH:D018987 NCIT:C32486 SCTID:181238004 Wikipedia:Salivary_duct salivary duct salivary gland duct secretory duct duct of salivary gland The duct of a salivary gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 secretory duct BTO:0005115 A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0011078 BTO:0004685 CALOHA:TS-2080 EMAPA:36580 EV:0100362 FMA:60179 MA:0000238 NCIT:C33227 SCTID:279727008 VHOG:0001219 Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth XAO:0000193 osseous labyrinth labyrinthus osseus osseus labyrinth Ideally we would place a spatially disjoint from relationship to membranous labyrinth, but there are many parts in common. this should be resolved. bony labyrinth A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth labyrinthus osseus Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth The spiral-shaped bony canal in the inner ear containing the hair cells that transduce sound. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. [WP,modified]. AAO:0000253 BIRNLEX:1190 BTO:0000267 CALOHA:TS-0151 EFO:0000357 EMAPA:17597 EV:0100363 FMA:60201 GAID:724 MA:0000240 MAT:0000144 MESH:D003051 MIAA:0000144 NCIT:C12395 NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_883 SCTID:181187008 TAO:0000374 VHOG:0000691 Wikipedia:Cochlea XAO:0000197 ZFA:0000374 cochlear part of bony labyrinth lagena cochleae cochlear duct cochlear organ lagenas cochlea The spiral-shaped bony canal in the inner ear containing the hair cells that transduce sound. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. [WP,modified]. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000031 Wikipedia:Cochlea lagena XAO:0000197 cochleae cochlear organ BTO:0000267 lagenas ZFA:0000374 Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. AAO:0000238 BIRNLEX:1196 BTO:0000630 CALOHA:TS-0478 EFO:0001363 EHDAA2:0000831 EHDAA:504 EMAPA:16194 EV:0100361 FMA:60909 GAID:871 MA:0000237 MAT:0000145 MESH:D007758 MIAA:0000145 NCIT:C12499 SCTID:181189006 SCTID:304982002 TAO:0000217 VHOG:0000284 Wikipedia:Internal_ear XAO:0000192 ZFA:0000217 galen:InnerEar inner ear auris interna labyrinth otocyst internal ear Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. PMID:16217737 Wikipedia:Internal_ear ZFIN:curator auris interna BTO:0000630 Cartilage of the pinna and much of the external ear canal. EMAPA:35158 FMA:61013 MA:0001227 SCTID:279627003 cartilage of pinna pinna cartilage auricular cartilage Cartilage of the pinna and much of the external ear canal. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/auricular+cartilage cartilage of pinna FMA:61013 A collection of channels that connects the conjunctival sac with the nasal cavity, encompassing the lacrimal ducts, the lacrimal sac and the naso-lacrimal duct. EMAPA:19245 FMA:61063 MA:0001295 SCTID:280426002 lacrimal duct tear duct lacrimal drainage system A collection of channels that connects the conjunctival sac with the nasal cavity, encompassing the lacrimal ducts, the lacrimal sac and the naso-lacrimal duct. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lacrimal duct FMA:61063 MA:0001295 tear duct MA:0001295 Outermost layer of an organ[WP]. EFO:0000383 EHDAA:9344 FMA:61109 Wikipedia:Cortex_(anatomy) galen:Cortex cortex cortex of organ cortex Outermost layer of an organ[WP]. Wikipedia:Cortex_(anatomy) cortex FMA:61109 Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP]. BTO:0001981 ENVO:02000037 FMA:61304 GAID:1168 MA:0002538 MESH:D012629 NCIT:C13276 Wikipedia:Sebaceous_glands#Sebum sebum Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP]. BTO:0001981 Wikipedia:Sebaceous_glands#Sebum A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:61339 GAID:103 MA:0001886 MESH:D004425 NCIT:C49225 external ear cartilage cartilage of external ear A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:61416 MA:0000553 SCTID:181496004 anterior thoracic region zone of skin anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin chest skin chest zone of skin front of thorax zone of skin zone of skin of anterior chest zone of skin of anterior part of thorax zone of skin of anterior thoracic region zone of skin of anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin of chest zone of skin of front of thorax zone of skin of pectoral part of chest skin of chest A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region zone of skin OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin OBOL:automatic chest zone of skin OBOL:automatic front of thorax zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of anterior chest FMA:61416 zone of skin of anterior part of thorax FMA:61416 zone of skin of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic zone of skin of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic zone of skin of chest OBOL:automatic zone of skin of front of thorax OBOL:automatic zone of skin of pectoral part of chest FMA:61417 One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]. AAO:0010480 BAMS:HEM BIRNLEX:1042 BTO:0000231 CALOHA:TS-2007 DMBA:15739 EFO:0002521 EMAPA:16653 FMA:61817 MA:0000133 MBA:403 NCIT:C12351 SCTID:278251007 VHOG:0001639 Wikipedia:Cerebral_hemisphere galen:CerebralHemisphere cerebrum hemisphere hemispheric regions hemispherium cerebri medial amygdalar nucleus nucleus amygdaloideus medialis nucleus medialis amygdalae cerebral hemisphere One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]. FMA:61817 Wikipedia:Cerebral_hemisphere cerebrum MA:0000133 VHOG:0001639 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1208 hemisphere VHOG:0001639 hemispheric regions BAMS:HEM hemispherium cerebri Wikipedia:Cerebral_hemisphere medial amygdalar nucleus NeuroNames:241 nucleus amygdaloideus medialis NeuroNames:241 nucleus medialis amygdalae NeuroNames:241 Anterior portion of the neocortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally[NIFSTD,modified]. BTO:0000484 DHBA:10161 DMBA:16002 EMAPA:35357 FMA:242199 GAID:674 MA:0000905 NLXANAT:20090601 Wikipedia:Frontal_lobe cortex of frontal lobe frontal lobe cortex gray matter of frontal lobe grey matter of frontal lobe frontal neocortex frontal cortex Anterior portion of the neocortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally[NIFSTD,modified]. NLXANAT:20090601 cortex of frontal lobe FMA:242199 frontal lobe cortex FMA:242199 gray matter of frontal lobe FMA:242199 frontal neocortex DHBA:10161 Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). BAMS:TL BAMS:Temporal_lobe BIRNLEX:1160 BTO:0001355 CALOHA:TS-1020 DHBA:12139 EFO:0000917 EMAPA:18797 EV:0100169 FMA:61825 GAID:635 HBA:4132 MAT:0000508 MESH:D013702 NCIT:C12353 SCTID:180921000 Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe lobus temporalis temporal cortex Boundary notes: It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. [Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe] temporal lobe Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). BIRNLEX:1160 lobus temporalis Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). parietal region BAMS:Parietal_lobe BIRNLEX:1148 BTO:0001001 CALOHA:TS-0747 DHBA:12131 EFO:0000914 EV:0100168 FMA:61826 GAID:680 HBA:4084 MAT:0000506 MESH:D010296 NCIT:C12354 SCTID:180922007 Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe regio parietalis lobus parietalis parietal lobe Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). BIRNLEX:1148 regio parietalis FMA:61826 FMA:TA lobus parietalis Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. BAMS:phn BTO:0001063 EHDAA:4677 EMAPA:17813 FMA:6191 GAID:848 MA:0001170 MESH:D010791 NCIT:C52813 SCTID:280344009 VHOG:0000728 Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve diaphragmatic nerve nervus phrenicus phrenic phrenic nerve A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. VHOG:0000728 diaphragmatic nerve BTO:0001063 nervus phrenicus BTO:0001063 Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve phrenic BTO:0001063 A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces. CP BAMS:CHP BAMS:GHP BAMS:chp BAMS:chpl BTO:0000258 CALOHA:TS-0145 EFO:0001915 EMAPA:32741 FMA:61934 GAID:607 MA:0000823 MBA:108 MESH:D002831 NCIT:C12694 SCTID:264450003 TAO:0001443 VHOG:0001377 Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus ZFA:0001443 neuronames:1377 chorioid plexus plexus choroideus choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere plexus choroideus ventricular choroid plexus choroid plexus A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces. ISBN:0471888893 Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus CP PMID:23375746 chorioid plexus FMA:61934 plexus choroideus FMA:61934 FMA:TA choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere FMA:61934 plexus choroideus Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus EHDAA2:0001463 FMA:6198 MA:0001177 phrenic nerve trunk phrenic neural trunk trunk of phrenic nerve The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. FB AAO:0010147 BAMS:FB BAMS:Forebrain BIRNLEX:1509 BTO:0000478 CALOHA:TS-0380 DHBA:10156 DMBA:15566 EFO:0000909 EHDAA2:0000556 EHDAA:3470 EMAPA:16895 FMA:61992 MA:0000170 MAT:0000105 MESH:D016548 MIAA:0000105 NCIT:C40185 SCTID:362291003 TAO:0000109 VHOG:0000383 Wikipedia:Forebrain XAO:0000011 ZFA:0000109 prosencephalon forebrain The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Wikipedia:Forebrain ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 FB BIRNLEX:1509 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. MB AAO:0010149 BAMS:MES BIRNLEX:1667 BM:MB BTO:0000138 CALOHA:TS-0630 DHBA:10648 DMBA:16649 EFO:0000919 EHDAA2:0001162 EHDAA:3694 EMAPA:16974 EV:0100242 FMA:61993 HBA:9001 MA:0000207 MAT:0000106 MBA:313 MESH:D008636 MIAA:0000106 NCIT:C12510 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 SCTID:279099009 TAO:0000128 VHOG:0000069 Wikipedia:Midbrain XAO:0000014 ZFA:0000128 mesencephalon midbrain The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. GO:0030901 MB BIRNLEX:1667 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource mesencephalon Wikipedia:Midbrain A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain DHBA:12664 EFO:0003617 EMAPA:16148 FMA:295666 MAT:0000272 MIAA:0000272 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000669 TAO:0001064 VHOG:0000672 Wikipedia:Rhombomere XAO:0004079 ZFA:0001064 hindbrain neuromere hindbrain neuromeres rhombomere future rhombencephalon rhombomeres rhombomere A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. Wikipedia:Rhombomere ZFIN:curator hindbrain segment ZFA:0001064 segment of hindbrain ZFA:0001064 hindbrain neuromeres DHBA:HNM future rhombencephalon MIAA:0000272 rhombomeres VHOG:0000672 Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. supratentorial region AAO:0010479 BAMS:CB BAMS:CH BAMS:IV BAMS:Tel BIRNLEX:1115 BM:Tel BTO:0000239 CALOHA:TS-1018 DHBA:10158 EFO:0000912 EHDAA2:0001982 EMAPA:16910 EV:0100165 FMA:62000 GAID:621 HBA:4007 MA:0000183 MAT:0000421 MBA:567 MESH:D013687 MIAA:0000421 PBA:128011350 SCTID:263353005 TAO:0000079 VHOG:0000283 Wikipedia:Telencephalon XAO:0000012 ZFA:0000079 cerebrum endbrain telencephalon Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. AAO:0010479 XAO:0000012 supratentorial region Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli cerebrum BTO:0000239 EMAPA:16910 FMA:62000 Wikipedia:Talk:Cerebrum/Archive_1 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1208 endbrain Swanson:2004 neuronames:31 The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. DiE AAO:0010481 BAMS:DI BAMS:Di BAMS:DiE BAMS:IB BAMS:Zh. BIRNLEX:1503 BM:Die BTO:0000342 CALOHA:TS-0199 DHBA:10389 DMBA:16308 EFO:0000911 EHDAA2:0000385 EHDAA:1969 EHDAA:2645 EHDAA:3472 EMAPA:16896 EV:0100194 FMA:62001 GAID:618 HBA:4391 MA:0000171 MAT:0000420 MBA:1129 MESH:D004027 MIAA:0000420 NCIT:C12456 PBA:128013010 SCTID:279328001 TAO:0000101 VHOG:0000318 Wikipedia:Diencephalon XAO:0000013 ZFA:0000101 between brain interbrain mature diencephalon thalamencephalon betweenbrain diencephalon diencephalon The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. Wikipedia:Diencephalon DiE BIRNLEX:1503 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource interbrain Swanson:2004 mature diencephalon FMA:62001 thalamencephalon MGI:anna betweenbrain BTO:0000342 diencephalon Wikipedia:Diencephalon Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. epencephalon BAMS:Met BIRNLEX:965 BTO:0000673 CALOHA:TS-2029 DHBA:10655 EHDAA2:0001149 EHDAA:5498 EMAPA:17071 FMA:62003 GAID:594 HBA:4833 MA:0000197 MESH:D020540 NCIT:C32741 VHOG:0000741 Wikipedia:Metencephalon epencephalon-2 the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA]. metencephalon Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Metencephalon https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 epencephalon ncithesaurus:Epencephalon epencephalon-2 FMA:62003 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. bulb medulla AAO:0010486 BAMS:MY BAMS:Md BIRNLEX:957 BM:Me BTO:0000041 CALOHA:TS-0607 DMBA:17352 EFO:0000924 EHDAA2:0001088 EHDAA:7588 EMAPA:17550 EV:0100275 FMA:62004 GAID:590 MA:0000206 MAT:0000111 MAT:0000367 MBA:354 MESH:D008526 MIAA:0000111 NCIT:C12442 SCTID:279104005 TAO:0000545 VHOG:0000181 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata XAO:0003100 ZFA:0000545 bulbus medulla oblonzata metepencephalon medulla oblongata Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. FMA:62004 GO:0021550 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata medulla ABA:MY bulbus FMA:62004 FMA:TA medulla oblonzata Wikipedia:Medulla_oblongata metepencephalon FMA:62004 Subcortical brain region consisting of paired gray matter bodies in the dorsal diencephalon and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.(MeSH). The dorsal topographic division of the interbrain. The macrodissected adult human thalamus was clearly illustrated by Vesalius in 1543 and the term as defined here was introduced by His in 1893. It includes the traditional epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus of Herrick (1910, pp. 494, 498). Also see Kuhlenbeck (1927, Ch. 9) and Jones (1985, p. 87). Th thalamus AAO:0010483 BAMS:TH BAMS:Th BIRNLEX:954 BTO:0001365 CALOHA:TS-1031 DHBA:10390 DMBA:16376 EFO:0000910 EMAPA:17540 EV:0100195 GAID:656 HBA:4392 MA:0000179 MAT:0000109 MBA:549 MIAA:0000109 NCIT:C12459 PBA:128013014 SCTID:244433007 TAO:0001215 VHOG:0000657 Wikipedia:Thalamus ZFA:0001215 galen:Thalamus wider thalamus thalamencephalon thalami thalamus opticus dorsal plus ventral thalamus Subcortical brain region consisting of paired gray matter bodies in the dorsal diencephalon and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.(MeSH). The dorsal topographic division of the interbrain. The macrodissected adult human thalamus was clearly illustrated by Vesalius in 1543 and the term as defined here was introduced by His in 1893. It includes the traditional epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus of Herrick (1910, pp. 494, 498). Also see Kuhlenbeck (1927, Ch. 9) and Jones (1985, p. 87). BIRNLEX:954 Th BIRNLEX:954 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource PMID:23375746 thalamus FMA:62007 MA:0000179 wider thalamus PMCID:PMC3345571 thalamencephalon NeuroNames:300 thalami VHOG:0000657 thalamus opticus NeuroNames:300 A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. Hy AAO:0010484 BAMS:HY BAMS:Hy BIRNLEX:734 BM:Die-Hy BTO:0000614 CALOHA:TS-0469 DHBA:10467 EFO:0000107 EHDAA2:0000802 EHDAA:5446 EMAPA:17536 EV:0100225 FMA:62008 GAID:460 HBA:4540 MA:0000173 MAT:0000112 MBA:1097 MESH:D007031 MIAA:0000112 NCIT:C12458 SCTID:264483005 TAO:0000032 VHOG:0000179 Wikipedia:Hypothalamus XAO:0004070 ZFA:0000032 galen:Hypothalamus preoptico-hypothalamic area preoptico-hypothalamic region hypothalamus hypothalamus A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Hypothalamus ZFIN:curator Hy BIRNLEX:734 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource hypothalamus Wikipedia:Hypothalamus Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed, 2005, pg. 345-346. ETh AAO:0010482 BAMS:EPI BAMS:ETh BAMS:EpT BAMS:Epi BIRNLEX:1710 BM:Die-Epi BTO:0000175 CALOHA:TS-2060 DHBA:10451 EFO:0000918 EHDAA2:0000448 EHDAA:5433 EMAPA:17532 EV:0100220 FMA:62009 GAID:455 HBA:4520 MA:0000172 MAT:0000422 MBA:958 MESH:D019261 MIAA:0000422 NCIT:C12457 PBA:128013147 SCTID:281487003 TAO:0000509 VHOG:0000178 Wikipedia:Epithalamus ZFA:0000509 epithalamus epithalamus Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed, 2005, pg. 345-346. BIRNLEX:1710 ETh BIRNLEX:1710 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource epithalamus Wikipedia:Epithalamus The epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells. BTO:0001389 CALOHA:TS-1061 EHDAA2:0002069 EHDAA:5007 EMAPA:16855 EMAPA:18409 FMA:62015 MA:0001862 NCIT:C33797 VHOG:0001045 epithelial tissue of trachea epithelial tissue of windpipe epithelium of windpipe trachea epithelial tissue trachea epithelium tracheal epithelium windpipe epithelial tissue windpipe epithelium epithelium of trachea The epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells. ISBN:0-397-51047-0 MGI:cwg MP:0002285 epithelial tissue of trachea OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic epithelium of windpipe OBOL:automatic trachea epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic windpipe epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic windpipe epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001258 CALOHA:TS-2104 EMAPA:35778 FMA:62017 MA:0001553 SCTID:45480009 TAO:0005127 ZFA:0005127 epithelial tissue of small bowel epithelial tissue of small intestine epithelium of small bowel mid intestine epithelium small bowel epithelial tissue small bowel epithelium small intestinal epithelium small intestine epithelial tissue small intestine epithelium epithelium of small intestine An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of small bowel OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of small intestine OBOL:automatic epithelium of small bowel OBOL:automatic mid intestine epithelium ZFA:0005127 small bowel epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic small bowel epithelium OBOL:automatic small intestine epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic A midline, cone like structure located in the dorso-caudal roof of the 3rd ventricle, attached by peduncles to the habenular and posterior commissures. The stalk contains nerve fibers, blood vessels, connective tissue and parenchymal cells (Paxinos, The Rat Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, pg 399). Pi AAO:0010549 BAMS:PIN BAMS:Pi BIRNLEX:1184 BM:P BTO:0001067 CALOHA:TS-0789 DHBA:10460 EFO:0000865 EHDAA2:0001466 EHDAA:7523 EMAPA:18778 EV:0100131 EV:0100221 FMA:62033 GAID:453 HBA:4532 MA:0000175 MAT:0000448 MBA:953 MESH:D010870 NCIT:C12398 NLXANAT:1010009 SCTID:181126002 TAO:0000019 VHOG:0000051 Wikipedia:Pineal_gland XAO:0000160 ZFA:0000019 galen:PinealGland corpus pineale glandula pinealis pineal gland pineal organ conarium epiphysis epiphysis cerebri frontal organ pineal pineal gland (Galen) stirnorgan pineal body EDITOR_NOTE add secretion A midline, cone like structure located in the dorso-caudal roof of the 3rd ventricle, attached by peduncles to the habenular and posterior commissures. The stalk contains nerve fibers, blood vessels, connective tissue and parenchymal cells (Paxinos, The Rat Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, pg 399). BIRNLEX:1184 Pi BIRNLEX:1184 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource glandula pinealis FMA:62033 FMA:TA pineal gland FMA:62033 pineal organ ZFA:0000019 conarium BIRNLEX:1184 epiphysis ZFA:0000019 epiphysis cerebri Wikipedia:Epiphysis_cerebri frontal organ VHOG:0000051 pineal VHOG:0000051 pineal gland (Galen) NeuroNames:297 stirnorgan VHOG:0000051 A specialized accessory gland of the skin of mammals that secretes milk. The gland is typically only developed in females, and regresses in males. BTO:0000817 CALOHA:TS-0595 EFO:0000854 EMAPA:17759 EV:0100125 FMA:286452 MA:0000145 MAT:0000073 MESH:D008321 MIAA:0000073 NCIT:C12367 SCTID:361720005 VHOG:0000398 Wikipedia:Mammary_gland glandula mammaria lactiferous gland lobe of breast milk patch Brustdruese dug glandula mammaria lobe of mammary gland mamma mammae mammary gland A specialized accessory gland of the skin of mammals that secretes milk. The gland is typically only developed in females, and regresses in males. BTO:0000817 Wikipedia:Mammary_gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 glandula mammaria FMA:57983 FMA:TA lactiferous gland FMA:62088 milk patch NCBITaxon:9255 Brustdruese BTO:0000817 dug Wikipedia:Mammary_gland glandula mammaria Wikipedia:Mammary_gland lobe of mammary gland FMA:62088 mamma BTO:0000817 mammae Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct.[FMA]. EMAPA:36634 FMA:62090 MA:0000793 acinus of mammary gland lactiferous acinus lactiferous gland lobule lactiferous lobule lobule of lactiferous gland lobule of mammary gland mammary acinus mammary gland lobule lobule of mammary gland Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct.[FMA]. FMA:62090 acinus of mammary gland FMA:62090 lactiferous acinus FMA:62090 lactiferous gland lobule FMA:62090 lactiferous lobule FMA:62090 lobule of lactiferous gland FMA:62090 lobule of mammary gland FMA:62090 mammary acinus FMA:62090 mammary gland lobule MA:0000793 An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. BTO:0000868 CALOHA:TS-0636 EMAPA:36540 ENVO:02000031 EV:0100126 FMA:62100 GAID:1230 MA:0002552 MAT:0000056 MESH:D008892 MIAA:0000056 NCIT:C13401 VHOG:0001263 Wikipedia:Breast_milk galen:Milk mammary gland milk milk An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004954 CALOHA:TS-0112 EMAPA:36292 FMA:62114 MA:0000711 NCIT:C49215 blood capillary endothelium capillary endothelium capillary vessel endothelium endothelium of blood capillary endothelium of capillary vessel endothelium of capillary An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36286 FMA:62115 MA:0000705 NCIT:C49192 arteriole endothelium endothelium of arteriole An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0011013 BTO:0004757 EMAPA:35148 FMA:62116 MA:0000707 NCIT:C49194 VHOG:0001215 XAO:0000357 arterial endothelium artery endothelium endothelium of artery An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36290 FMA:62117 MA:0000716 NCIT:C49319 venule endothelium endothelium of venule An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0011110 BTO:0004756 EMAPA:36288 FMA:62118 MA:0000712 NCIT:C49317 VHOG:0001216 XAO:0000358 vein endothelium venous endothelium veinous endothelium endothelium of vein An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic veinous endothelium VHOG:0001216 Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. MTg tegmentum BAMS:MTg BIRNLEX:1200 BTO:0003388 DHBA:12195 EFO:0000921 EHDAA2:0004475 EMAPA:18215 FMA:62393 HBA:9002 MA:0000212 MAT:0000452 SCTID:362392007 TAO:0000160 VHOG:0001367 Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum XAO:0004271 ZFA:0000160 tegmentum mesencephali tegmentum of midbrain mesencephalic tegmentum tegmentum mesencephalicum 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum midbrain tegmentum Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. FMA:FMA ISBN:0471888893 Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum MTg BIRNLEX:1200 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource tegmentum ISBN:0471888893 tegmentum mesencephali Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum mesencephalic tegmentum VHOG:0001367 tegmentum mesencephalicum NeuroNames:491 A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. BIRNLEX:1496 NCIT:C33969 SCTID:244437008 spinal cord part regional part of spinal cord A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. OBOL:automatic A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO]. BTO:0004998 FMA:62423 MA:0001576 NCIT:C49239 epithelial tissue of gingiva epithelium of gingiva gingiva epithelial tissue gingiva epithelium gingival epithelium A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO]. BTO:0004998 epithelial tissue of gingiva OBOL:automatic gingiva epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gingiva epithelium OBOL:automatic An area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture that have six layers. Starting from the cortical surface the layers are: molecular layer (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. It is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex (Carpenter-83)(NN). BAMS:ISO BAMS:Iso-cortex BAMS:NCX BIRNLEX:2547 BTO:0000920 DHBA:10160 EHDAA2:0004662 EMAPA:32842 EMAPA:35589 FMA:62429 GAID:677 MA:0002754 MBA:315 MESH:D019579 PBA:294021746 Wikipedia:Neocortex cerebral neocortex homogenetic cortex homotypical cortex isocortex (sensu lato) neocortex (isocortex) neopallial cortex neopallium isocortex iso-cortex nonolfactory cortex nucleus hypoglossalis neocortex An area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture that have six layers. Starting from the cortical surface the layers are: molecular layer (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. It is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex (Carpenter-83)(NN). BIRNLEX:2547 OldNeuroNames:754 homogenetic cortex ISBN:0471888893 homotypical cortex BIRNLEX:2547 isocortex (sensu lato) FMA:62429 neocortex (isocortex) DHBA:10160 isocortex BRAINSPAN:BRAINSPAN iso-cortex BAMS:iso-cortex nonolfactory cortex BTO:0000920 nucleus hypoglossalis NeuroNames:757 An epithelium that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004480 CALOHA:TS-0662 EHDAA2:0001241 EHDAA:7090 EMAPA:17672 FMA:62452 MA:0001865 NCIT:C49263 VHOG:0001038 epithelial tissue of nasal part of pharynx epithelial tissue of nasopharynx epithelial tissue of rhinopharynx epithelium of nasal part of pharynx epithelium of rhinopharynx nasal part of pharynx epithelial tissue nasal part of pharynx epithelium nasopharynx epithelial tissue nasopharynx epithelium rhinopharynx epithelial tissue rhinopharynx epithelium nasopharyngeal epithelium epithelium of nasopharynx An epithelium that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic epithelium of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic epithelium of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx epithelium OBOL:automatic nasopharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx epithelium OBOL:automatic nasopharyngeal epithelium BTO:0004480 An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004083 FMA:62453 MA:0001605 NCIT:C49264 oropharyngeal epithelium oropharynx epithelial tissue oropharynx epithelium epithelium of oropharynx An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic oropharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic oropharynx epithelium MA:0001605 The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]. EMAPA:35192 FMA:62649 MA:0001835 NCIT:C49209 SCTID:278980009 bronchi cartilage bronchial cartilage bronchial cartilage ring bronchial trunk cartilage bronchus cartilage cartilage of bronchi cartilage of bronchial trunk cartilagines bronchiales cartilage of bronchus The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]. MP:0010988 bronchi cartilage OBOL:automatic bronchial cartilage ring MP:0010988 bronchial trunk cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of bronchi OBOL:automatic cartilage of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic cartilagines bronchiales A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002108 FMA:62653 MA:0001837 NCIT:C49214 SCTID:85546005 bronchi submucosa bronchial submucosa bronchial trunk submucosa bronchus submucosa submucosa of bronchi submucosa of bronchial trunk tela submucosa bronchi submucous layer of bronchi submucosa of bronchus A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bronchi submucosa OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of bronchi OBOL:automatic submucosa of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic tela submucosa bronchi FMA:62653 FMA:TA submucous layer of bronchi BTO:0002108 Diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]. FMA:62819 MA:0000140 NCIT:C12910 Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue MALT epithelio-lymphoid tissue mucosa associated lymphatic tissue mucosa associated lymphoid tissue mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]. Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue epithelio-lymphoid tissue FMA:62819 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue GO:0048537 mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue GO:0048537 mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue GO:0048537 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]. FMA:62820 MA:0000136 NCIT:C12936 Wikipedia:Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue gut associated lymphoid tissue GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissue Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]. Wikipedia:Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue A diffuse collection of lymphpoid cells that participate in airway immune responses. FMA:62821 MA:0000135 NCIT:C32234 bronchus associated lymphoid tissue BALT Lymphoid tissue associated with airways in mice has functional similarities to human BALT[ISBN:0123813611] Notes: FMA classifies this as organized, not diffuse bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue A diffuse collection of lymphpoid cells that participate in airway immune responses. ISBN:0123813611 Organism substance that is composed of sperm cells suspended in seminal fluid. BTO:0001230 CALOHA:TS-0917 EMAPA:31488 FMA:62966 GAID:1169 MA:0002522 MESH:D012661 NCIT:C13277 NCIT:C13713 Wikipedia:Semen ejaculate sperm semen Organism substance that is composed of sperm cells suspended in seminal fluid. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 sperm BTO:0001230 The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. plasma portion of plasma BTO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-0800 EFO:0001905 EMAPA:35690 FMA:62970 GAID:1178 MA:0002501 MAT:0000052 MESH:D010949 MIAA:0000052 NCIT:C13356 Wikipedia:Blood_plasma blood plasm portion of blood plasma blood plasma The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 plasma MA:0002501 portion of plasma FMA:62970 Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. BTO:0000121 CALOHA:TS-1172 ENVO:02000023 FMA:62971 GAID:1157 MA:0002513 MESH:D001646 NCIT:C13192 Wikipedia:Bile ZFA:0005857 galen:Bile fel gall bile Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. DOI:10.1002/cphy.c120027 Wikipedia:Bile fel BTO:0000121 gall BTO:0000121 BTO:0000501 FMA:62972 GAID:1160 MA:0002519 MESH:D005750 NCIT:C32661 Wikipedia:Gastric_juice galen:GastricJuice stomach secretion succus gastricus gastric juice succus gastricus BTO:0000501 A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002109 EMAPA:35325 FMA:62997 MA:0002724 SCTID:362128009 esophageal submucosa esophagus submucosa gullet submucosa oesophagus submucosa submucosa of esophagus submucosa of gullet submucosa of oesophagus tela submucosa (oesophagus) tela submucosa esophagi tela submucosa oesophageae tela submucosa of esophagus submucous layer of esophagus tela submucosa oesophagi submucosa of esophagus A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic gullet submucosa OBOL:automatic oesophagus submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of gullet OBOL:automatic submucosa of oesophagus OBOL:automatic tela submucosa (oesophagus) FMA:62997 FMA:TA tela submucosa esophagi BTO:0002109 tela submucosa oesophageae FMA:62997 FMA:TA submucous layer of esophagus BTO:0002109 tela submucosa oesophagi BTO:0002109 A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:26987 FMA:63050 MA:0001568 NCIT:C49223 esophagus lamina propria esophagus lamina propria mucosa esophagus lamina propria mucosae gullet lamina propria gullet lamina propria mucosa gullet lamina propria mucosae lamina propria mucosa of esophagus lamina propria mucosa of gullet lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus lamina propria mucosae of esophagus lamina propria mucosae of gullet lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus lamina propria of gullet lamina propria of oesophagus oesophagus lamina propria mucosa oesophagus lamina propria mucosae esophageal lamina propria oesophagus lamina propria lamina propria of esophagus A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophagus lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic esophagus lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic gullet lamina propria OBOL:automatic gullet lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic gullet lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of esophagus OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of gullet OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of gullet OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus OBOL:automatic lamina propria of gullet OBOL:automatic lamina propria of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic oesophagus lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic esophageal lamina propria EMAPA:26987 A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35322 FMA:63057 MA:0001571 esophagus serosa esophagus serous membrane gullet serosa gullet serous membrane oesophagus serous membrane serosa of abdominal part of esophagus serosa of gullet serosa of oesophagus serous coat of oesophagus serous membrane of esophagus serous membrane of gullet serous membrane of oesophagus tunica serosa oesophageae oesophagus serosa serosa of esophagus A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophagus serous membrane OBOL:automatic gullet serosa OBOL:automatic gullet serous membrane OBOL:automatic oesophagus serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of gullet OBOL:automatic serous membrane of esophagus OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gullet OBOL:automatic serous membrane of oesophagus OBOL:automatic tunica serosa oesophageae FMA:63057 FMA:TA The epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus. BTO:0001578 CALOHA:TS-0698 EFO:0003041 EHDAA2:0001287 EMAPA:16835 FMA:63063 MA:0001565 NCIT:C49221 TAO:0001499 ZFA:0001499 epithelial tissue of esophagus epithelial tissue of gullet epithelial tissue of oesophagus epithelium of gullet epithelium of oesophagus esophageal epithelium esophagus epithelial tissue esophagus epithelium gullet epithelial tissue gullet epithelium oesophagus epithelial tissue oesophagus epithelium epithelium of esophagus The epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000468 epithelial tissue of esophagus OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gullet OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of oesophagus OBOL:automatic epithelium of gullet OBOL:automatic epithelium of oesophagus OBOL:automatic esophagus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gullet epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gullet epithelium OBOL:automatic oesophagus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic The portion of blood plasma that excludes clotting factors. BTO:0000133 BTO:0001239 CALOHA:TS-0923 EHDAA2:0004728 EMAPA:35770 FMA:63083 MA:0002502 NCIT:C13325 Wikipedia:Serum_(blood) serum blood serum The portion of blood plasma that excludes clotting factors. Wikipedia:Serum_(blood) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EMAPA:32925 FMA:63120 MA:0000724 SCTID:371401008 VHOG:0001430 pancreas parenchyma pancreatic parenchyma parenchyma of pancreas One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. BTO:0002626 EMAPA:35917 FMA:63130 MA:0000071 MESH:D014699 NCIT:C12818 SCTID:341687009 TAO:0005315 VHOG:0001765 Wikipedia:Venule ZFA:0005315 venula venule One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. MESH:A07.231.432.952 MP:0004125 venula Wikipedia:Venule The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. AAO:0010253 BTO:0001997 EMAPA:35146 FMA:63182 MA:0000063 MESH:D001160 NCIT:C12672 SCTID:337724002 TAO:0002138 VHOG:0001763 Wikipedia:Arteriole ZFA:0005255 arteriola arteriole The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. GO:0014830 arteriola Wikipedia:Arteriole A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. vascular element AAO:0011004 AEO:0000207 BTO:0001102 CALOHA:TS-0080 EFO:0000817 EHDAA2:0003252 EHDAA:240 EMAPA:32743 EMAPA:35993 FMA:50722 FMA:63183 GAID:169 MA:0000060 MAT:0000393 MESH:D001808 NCIT:C12679 NLXANAT:090901 SCTID:361097006 TAO:0002137 VHOG:0001250 Wikipedia:Blood_vessel XAO:0001011 ZFA:0005314 region of vascular tree organ vascular tree organ region vas sanguineum blood vessel A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. BTO:0001102 Wikipedia:Blood_vessel vascular element EMAPA:35993 region of vascular tree organ FMA:50722 vascular tree organ region FMA:50722 vas sanguineum Wikipedia:Blood_vessel Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. AAO:0010252 BTO:0002045 CALOHA:TS-2006 EFO:0001906 EMAPA:35198 EV:0100035 FMA:63194 MA:0000065 MESH:D002196 NCIT:C12685 NLXANAT:090902 TAO:0005250 VHOG:0001253 Wikipedia:Capillary XAO:0000116 ZFA:0005250 blood capillary capillary vessel capillary Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Capillary https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/137 A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. CALOHA:TS-0172 EMAPA:35935 FMA:63882 GAID:891 MA:0001242 MESH:D004728 NCIT:C12707 SCTID:368827009 TAO:0002186 Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium ZFA:0001687 cornea endothelium endothelium of cornea epithelium posterius corneae corneal endothelium A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium cornea endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of cornea OBOL:automatic epithelium posterius corneae Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. BTO:0000393 CALOHA:TS-0278 EFO:0002548 FMA:63916 GAID:520 MESH:D004727 NCIT:C12481 SCTID:27168002 galen:Endothelium The term 'endothelium' has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980) endothelium A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. FMA:63916 MESH:A10.272.491 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/225 Organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis. The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell. BTO:0001078 CALOHA:TS-0799 EFO:0001407 EMAPA:35689 EV:0100119 FMA:63934 GAID:379 MA:0000386 MAT:0000279 MESH:D010920 MIAA:0000279 NCIT:C13272 SCTID:181455002 VHOG:0001266 Wikipedia:Placenta allantoic placenta eutherian placenta Marsupials possess only a rudimentary yolk-type placenta, with reduced nutrient and oxygen exchanging capabilities. placenta Organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis. The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell. Wikipedia:Placenta http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm allantoic placenta ISBN:0073040584 Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. excreta BTO:0000440 CALOHA:TS-2345 ENVO:00002003 FMA:64183 GAID:1199 MA:0002509 MAT:0000053 MESH:D005243 MIAA:0000053 NCIT:C13234 Wikipedia:Feces galen:Feces faeces fecal material fecal matter piece of shit portion of excrement portion of faeces portion of fecal material portion of fecal matter portion of feces portionem cacas stool cow dung cow pat dung fewmet frass guano portion of dung portion of guano portion of scat scat spraint droppings excrement ordure spoor feces Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. Wikipedia:Feces http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feces piece of shit PMID:23285307 portionem cacas cow dung Wikipedia:Cow_dung cow pat Wikipedia:Cow_dung fewmet Wikipedia:Fewmet frass Wikipedia:Frass guano Wikipedia:Guano spraint Wikipedia:Spraint excrement BTO:0000440 Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. EMAPA:35414 FMA:64783 MA:0000109 NCIT:C32746 SCTID:39298000 VSAO:0000094 Wikipedia:Hyaline_cartilage XAO:0004029 hyaline cartilage chondroid cartilage hyaline cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000094 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 hyaline cartilage MA:0000109 chondroid cartilage http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns. FMA:64784 MA:0000108 NCIT:C32599 SCTID:91685003 VSAO:0000103 Wikipedia:Fibrocartilage XAO:0004028 galen:Fibrocartilage fibrocartilage tissue stratified cartilage tissue The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groups-interarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform -- WP. EDITOR NOTE: TODO add mineralized fibrocartilage Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000103 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 fibrocartilage tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 stratified cartilage tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers. FMA:64785 MA:0000107 MA:0000485 NCIT:C32494 VSAO:0000091 Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage XAO:0004197 elastic cartilage elastic cartilage tissue yellow elastic cartilage yellow elastic cartilage tissue reticular cartilage yellow cartilage elastic cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000091 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 elastic cartilage MA:0000107 elastic cartilage tissue VSAO:0000091 yellow elastic cartilage Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage reticular cartilage http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 yellow cartilage http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any joint that connects a rib to another structure (or another rib). Examples: costochondral, costovertebral, interchondral, sternocostal joints. FMA_RETIRED:64994 MA:0001508 NCIT:C49575 SCTID:263314001 rib joint joint of rib Any joint that connects a rib to another structure (or another rib). Examples: costochondral, costovertebral, interchondral, sternocostal joints. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]. EMAPA:35525 FMA:66253 MA:0000740 NCIT:C33029 Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node lymph node cortex cortex nodi lymphoidei cortex of lymph node Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]. Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node cortex nodi lymphoidei Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node The medullary portion of the lymph node, which contains large blood vessels, sinuses and medullary cords that contain antibody-secreting plasma cells. EMAPA:35529 FMA:66254 MA:0000745 lymph node medulla medulla nodi lymphoidei medulla of lymph node The medullary portion of the lymph node, which contains large blood vessels, sinuses and medullary cords that contain antibody-secreting plasma cells. Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Medulla http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 medulla nodi lymphoidei Wikipedia:Medulla_of_lymph_node A plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart. FMA:6628 MA:0001138 NCIT:C52833 SCTID:280511002 Wikipedia:Cardiac_plexus autonomic nerve plexus of heart autonomic plexus of heart cardiac plexus heart autonomic nerve plexus heart autonomic plexus plexus cardiacus cardiac nerve plexus A plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart. Wikipedia:Cardiac_plexus autonomic nerve plexus of heart OBOL:automatic autonomic plexus of heart OBOL:automatic heart autonomic nerve plexus OBOL:automatic heart autonomic plexus OBOL:automatic plexus cardiacus Wikipedia:Cardiac_plexus The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:66320 MA:0002065 NCIT:C53018 Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery arteria thoracodorsalis thoracodorsal artery The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery arteria thoracodorsalis Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. AAO:0010221 BTO:0000778 CALOHA:TS-0839 EFO:0001399 EHDAA2:0001575 EHDAA:4351 EMAPA:17008 FMA:66326 GAID:505 MA:0002031 MESH:D011651 NCIT:C12774 SCTID:181380003 VHOG:0000982 Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery XAO:0004162 galen:PulmonaryArtery pulmonary arterial tree pulmonary arterial tree organ part arteria pulmonalis pulmonary arterial subtree truncus pulmonalis pulmonary artery An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pulmonary arterial tree FMA:66326 pulmonary arterial tree organ part FMA:66326 arteria pulmonalis Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery pulmonary arterial subtree FMA:66326 truncus pulmonalis Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery The tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney which is covered in a thick layer of perirenal adipose tissue that functions to provide some protection from trauma and damage. EMAPA:18679 FMA:66610 MA:0000370 NCIT:C12885 SCTID:243657006 Wikipedia:Kidney_capsule galen:CapsuleOfKidney capsula fibrosa renis capsule of kidney fibrous capsule of kidney renal capsule kidney capsule The tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney which is covered in a thick layer of perirenal adipose tissue that functions to provide some protection from trauma and damage. MGI:anna MP:0011383 capsula fibrosa renis FMA:66610 FMA:TA fibrous capsule of kidney FMA:66610 renal capsule GO:0072127 Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. AAO:0010521 BTO:0001799 CALOHA:TS-0840 EHDAA2:0001579 EHDAA:2629 EMAPA:18645 FMA:66643 GAID:543 MA:0002206 MESH:D011667 NCIT:C12776 SCTID:430160002 VHOG:0001133 Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein XAO:0000394 galen:PulmonaryVein pulmonary venous tree organ part venae pulmonales pulmonary vein Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. GO:0060577 venae pulmonales Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. BTO:0001792 CALOHA:TS-0814 EHDAA2:0001485 EHDAA:6510 EMAPA:17349 FMA:66645 GAID:540 MA:0002198 MESH:D011169 NCIT:C33343 SCTID:362064007 VHOG:0000656 XAO:0000392 galen:PortalVein portal venous tree organ part portal vein A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. BTO:0001792 portal venous tree organ part FMA:66645 Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). synovial layer synovial membrane synovium AEO:0000181 BTO:0001823 EFO:0001393 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003181 EV:0100143 FMA:9865 GAID:264 MA:0000114 MESH:D013583 NCIT:C12473 SCTID:361828005 VHOG:0001282 Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane galen:SynovialMembrane membrana synovialis (capsula articularis) membrana synovialis capsulae articularis stratum synoviale stratum synoviale (capsula articularis) synovial layer of articular capsule of synovial joint synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint synovium of articular capsule of synovial joint synovial membrane of synovial joint Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane synovial layer FMA:66762 synovial membrane AEO:0000181 synovium BTO:0001823 VHOG:0001282 membrana synovialis (capsula articularis) FMA:9865 FMA:TA membrana synovialis capsulae articularis Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane stratum synoviale FMA:66762 FMA:TA stratum synoviale (capsula articularis) FMA:9865 FMA:TA synovial layer of articular capsule of synovial joint FMA:9865 synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint FMA:9865 synovium of articular capsule of synovial joint FMA:9865 A cranial nerve that originates from neurons in the medulla and in the cervical spinal cord. AAO:0010476 BAMS:11n BAMS:XIn BIRNLEX:812 EHDAA2:0000106 EHDAA:2855 EMAPA:17265 FMA:6720 FMA:80284 GAID:825 HBA:9340 MA:0001088 MBA:717 MESH:D000055 NCIT:C32041 SCTID:362469008 VHOG:0000699 Wikipedia:Spinal_accessory_nerve XAO:0004214 neuronames:2085 Willis' nerve accessory XI accessory XI nerve accessory nerve accessory nerve [XI] cervical accessory nerve cranial nerve XI eleventh cranial nerve nervus accessorius [XI] pars spinalis nervus accessorius radix spinalis nervus accessorius spinal accessory nerve spinal accessory nerve tree spinal part of accessory nerve CN-XI accessory spinal nerve accessory XI nerve A cranial nerve that originates from neurons in the medulla and in the cervical spinal cord. BIRNLEX:812 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 accessory XI EHDAA2:0000106 cranial nerve XI BIRNLEX:812 eleventh cranial nerve BIRNLEX:812 nervus accessorius [XI] FMA:6720 FMA:TA pars spinalis nervus accessorius FMA:6720 FMA:TA radix spinalis nervus accessorius FMA:6720 FMA:TA spinal accessory nerve FMA:6720 CN-XI VHOG:0000699 accessory spinal nerve BAMS:XIn A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. AEO:0001012 EHDAA2:0003136 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658 FMA:67242 HBA:4006 MA:0001112 NCIT:C32695 TAO:0002197 VHOG:0001768 Wikipedia:Gray_matter ZFA:0001681 neuronames:2869 gray matter gray matter of neuraxis grey matter grey matter of neuraxis grey substance neuronal grey matter substantia grisea gray mater grisea gray matter A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. Wikipedia:Gray_matter http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gray matter of neuraxis FMA:67242 neuronal grey matter AEO:0001012 substantia grisea FMA:67242 FMA:TA gray mater ZFA:0001681 grisea The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. AAO:0010150 BAMS:HB BIRNLEX:942 BTO:0000672 CALOHA:TS-0457 DHBA:10653 DMBA:16808 EFO:0000923 EHDAA2:0000746 EHDAA:3514 EHDAA:6487 EMAPA:16916 FMA:67687 MA:0000195 MAT:0000107 MBA:1065 MESH:D012249 MIAA:0000107 NCIT:C40336 SCTID:303456008 TAO:0000029 VHOG:0000070 Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon XAO:0000015 ZFA:0000029 rhombencephalon hindbrain The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon ZFA:0000029 ZFIN:curator The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. BTO:0001449 CALOHA:TS-1304 EMAPA:35370 FMA:67711 MA:0001632 NCIT:C49227 epithelial tissue of gall bladder epithelial tissue of gallbladder epithelium of gallbladder gall bladder epithelial tissue gall bladder epithelium gallbladder epithelial tissue gallbladder epithelium biliary epithelium epithelium of gall bladder The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. MP:0009492 epithelial tissue of gall bladder OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gallbladder OBOL:automatic epithelium of gallbladder OBOL:automatic gall bladder epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gallbladder epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gallbladder epithelium OBOL:automatic Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. BTO:0000821 CALOHA:TS-2234 EMAPA:36508 FMA:67771 GAID:35 MA:0000796 MESH:D009558 NCIT:C12299 SCTID:265780004 Wikipedia:Nipple galen:Nipple papilla mammae papilla of breast thele thelium papillary part of breast teat papilla mammaria Nipple being part_of mammary gland is due to a practical modelling in uberon that treats mammary gland as including adnexa. A GCI asserts that nipple is part of the breast in humans. For discussion of this, please refer to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1873. nipple Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. FMA:67771 Wikipedia:Nipple papilla mammae MP:0009723 thele MP:0009723 thelium MP:0009723 papilla mammaria Wikipedia:Nipple An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001845 CALOHA:TS-1240 EFO:0000307 EMAPA:32691 FMA:67782 MA:0001839 NCIT:C32231 bronchi epithelial tissue bronchi epithelium bronchial epithelium bronchial trunk epithelial tissue bronchial trunk epithelium bronchus epithelial tissue bronchus epithelium epithelial tissue of bronchi epithelial tissue of bronchial trunk epithelial tissue of bronchus epithelium of bronchi epithelium of bronchial trunk epithelium of bronchus An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bronchi epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi epithelium OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk epithelium OBOL:automatic bronchus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic epithelium of bronchi OBOL:automatic epithelium of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis. BTO:0005132 EMAPA:26775 FMA:67821 MA:0000778 SCTID:319910005 Wikipedia:Arrector_pili_muscle arrector pili arrector pili muscle arrector pili smooth muscle arrector pilli arrector pilli muscle arrector pilorum arrector pilorum muscle of hair arectores pilorum erector pili erectores pilorum pilomotor muscle arrector muscle of hair A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 arrector pili FMA:67821 MA:0000778 arrector pili muscle EMAPA:26779 MP:0010679 arrector pili smooth muscle MA:0000778 arrector pilli MP:0010679 arrector pilli muscle MP:0010679 arrector pilorum ISBN:0123813611 arrector pilorum muscle of hair ISBN:0123813611 arectores pilorum BTO:0005132 erector pili BTO:0005132 erectores pilorum BTO:0005132 pilomotor muscle BTO:0005132 Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. AAO:0010762 AEO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-2047 EHDAA2:0003140 EMAPA:36390 FMA:67905 MA:0002438 NCIT:C12436 WBbt:0005779 Wikipedia:Striated_muscle galen:StriatedMuscle striated muscle striated muscle tissue Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. CL:0000737 GOC:dph GOC:mtg_muscle Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. infratentorial region AAO:0010485 BAMS:CB BAMS:Cb BIRNLEX:1489 BM:CB BTO:0000232 CALOHA:TS-0125 DHBA:10656 EFO:0000327 EHDAA2:0000232 EMAPA:17787 EV:0100293 FMA:67944 GAID:595 HBA:4696 MA:0000198 MAT:0000110 MBA:512 MESH:D002531 MIAA:0000110 NCIT:C12445 SCTID:180924008 TAO:0000100 VHOG:0000024 Wikipedia:Cerebellum XAO:0003098 ZFA:0000100 epencephalon-1 corpus cerebelli parencephalon cerebellum Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. BTO:0000232 ISBN:3764351209 MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.200 ZFA:0000100 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 infratentorial region Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli epencephalon-1 FMA:67944 corpus cerebelli NeuroNames:643 parencephalon NeuroNames:643 A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. EMAPA:18608 FMA:68109 GAID:477 MA:0001923 MESH:D001981 NCIT:C32230 SCTID:244247009 Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery bronchial arterial tree arteriae bronchiales rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. bronchial artery A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery arteriae bronchiales Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004303 CALOHA:TS-2156 EMAPA:35533 FMA:68444 MA:0000750 MESH:D004729 NCIT:C49258 TAO:0005258 ZFA:0005258 endothelium of lymph vessel endothelium of lymphatic vessel lymph vessel endothelium lymphatic endothelium lymphatic vessel endothelium lymphatic vessel endothelium An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymphatic vessel FMA:68444 lymph vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic lymphatic endothelium BTO:0004303 A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. AAO:0010544 BTO:0001379 CALOHA:TS-1047 EFO:0000861 EHDAA2:0002028 EHDAA:2148 EHDAA:2975 EMAPA:17068 EV:0100133 FMA:9603 GAID:465 MA:0000129 MAT:0000081 MESH:D013961 MIAA:0000081 NCIT:C12400 SCTID:181117000 VHOG:0000418 Wikipedia:Thyroid XAO:0000162 galen:ThyroidGland thyroid glandula thyroidea thyroid gland A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. BTO:0001379 Wikipedia:Thyroid glandula thyroidea Wikipedia:Thyroid The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. BAMS:PnR BAMS:RA-PONS BAMS:RPn BIRNLEX:1110 DHBA:12471 DHBA:12475 FMA:68875 HBA:9159 MA:0001022 MBA:238 Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus raphe of pons raphe pontis nucleus raphe pontis nucleus raphes pontis raphe (mediana pontina) raphe pontis nucleus pontine raphe nucleus The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus raphe pontis FMA:68875 FMA:TA nucleus raphe pontis NeuroNames:589 nucleus raphes pontis Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus raphe (mediana pontina) NeuroNames:589 Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. AAO:0000275 AAO:0010567 BTO:0000763 CALOHA:TS-0568 EFO:0000934 EHDAA2:0001042 EHDAA:1554 EHDAA:2205 EMAPA:16728 EV:0100042 FMA:7195 GAID:345 MA:0000415 MAT:0000135 MESH:D008168 MIAA:0000135 NCIT:C12468 SCTID:181216001 Wikipedia:Lung XAO:0000119 galen:Lung pulmo Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] lung Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pulmo An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. BTO:0003718 FMA:69050 TAO:0005249 ZFA:0005249 vascular network vasculature An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. ZFA:0005249 vascular network FMA:69050 Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. AAO:0000138 BILA:0000034 BTO:0000174 CALOHA:TS-2110 EFO:0000461 FMA:69067 GAID:407 MESH:D004628 NCIT:C13229 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 SCTID:667009 TAO:0001105 VSAO:0000178 XAO:0003042 ZFA:0001105 developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures embryonic structure Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. BTO:0000174 ZFIN:curator developing embryonic structure FBbt:00004208 embryonic anatomical structure RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 embryonale Struktur BTO:0000174 embryonic structures ZFA:0001105 The thick capsule of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds each adrenal gland and contains scattered elastic fibers; the capsule contains a rich plexus of blood vessels (mainly small arteries) and numerous nerve fibers; some blood vessels and nerves enter the substance of the gland in the trabeculae that extend inward from the capsule and then leave the trabeculae to enter the cortex. FMA:69087 MA:0000117 NCIT:C32050 capsule of adrenal gland adrenal capsule adrenal gland capsule The thick capsule of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds each adrenal gland and contains scattered elastic fibers; the capsule contains a rich plexus of blood vessels (mainly small arteries) and numerous nerve fibers; some blood vessels and nerves enter the substance of the gland in the trabeculae that extend inward from the capsule and then leave the trabeculae to enter the cortex. MP:0013565 capsule of adrenal gland FMA:69087 Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:69264 MA:0002056 NCIT:C52737 SCTID:303426004 Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery arteria suprarenalis inferior inferior suprarenal artery Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery arteria suprarenalis inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery An artery that supplies the diaphragm. FMA:69330 MA:0002019 NCIT:C33320 phrenic artery An artery that supplies the diaphragm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The ganglion associated with the lingual nerve that provides postsynaptic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands. BTO:0001318 EHDAA2:0001942 EHDAA:6710 EMAPA:36276 FMA:6966 MA:0002470 NCIT:C52558 SCTID:279282000 Wikipedia:Submandibular_ganglion mandibular ganglion Blandin`s ganglion ganglion submandibulare lingual ganglion maxillary ganglion submaxillary ganglion submandibular ganglion The ganglion associated with the lingual nerve that provides postsynaptic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0001035 mandibular ganglion UBERON:cjm Blandin`s ganglion BTO:0001318 ganglion submandibulare BTO:0001318 Wikipedia:Submandibular_ganglion lingual ganglion MA:0002470 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2979467&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 maxillary ganglion MA:0002470 submaxillary ganglion MA:0002470 The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010222 BTO:0001624 CALOHA:TS-0321 EMAPA:35342 FMA:70248 GAID:494 MA:0001951 MESH:D005263 NCIT:C12715 SCTID:244332003 Wikipedia:Femoral_artery galen:FemoralArtery arteria femoralis femoral artery The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Femoral_artery arteria femoralis Wikipedia:Femoral_artery The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. EHDAA2:0004143 EMAPA:35887 FMA:70301 GAID:554 MA:0000103 MESH:D014338 NCIT:C34317 SCTID:308828009 Wikipedia:Truncus_arteriosus_(embryology) truncus arteriosus The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. Wikipedia:Truncus_arteriosus_(embryology) The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. EHDAA2:0000434 EHDAA2:0004028 EHDAA:2586 EMAPA:16696 FMA:70302 MA:0000078 TAO:0001317 VHOG:0000932 Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_cushions XAO:0004189 ZFA:0001317 AV cushion atrioventricular cushion cardiac cushion endocardial cushion tissue atrioventricular canal cushion endocardial cushions GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt. JB: Patterning makes the cushions lay down connective tissue in three domains that force out the local endothelial lining and so the leaflets form endocardial cushion The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. GO:0003197 Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_cushions ZFIN:curator atrioventricular cushion Wikipedia:Endocardial_cushion cardiac cushion PMID:15797462 endocardial cushion tissue EHDAA2:0000434 atrioventricular canal cushion FMA:70302 endocardial cushions The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. AAO:0000128 BTO:0000294 CALOHA:TS-2076 EFO:0000953 EMAPA:17527 EV:0100154 FMA:70323 GAID:1321 MA:0000152 MAT:0000153 MESH:D020405 MIAA:0000153 NCIT:C12701 SCTID:361696001 TAO:0001119 VHOG:0000108 Wikipedia:Dermis XAO:0000217 ZFA:0001119 vertebrate dermis corium cutis dermis The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. Wikipedia:Dermis ZFIN:curator corium BTO:0000294 Wikipedia:Dermis cutis BTO:0000294 Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. BTO:0001314 CALOHA:TS-2366 FMA:70544 NCIT:C33645 TAO:0001136 Wikipedia:Hypodermis ZFA:0001136 hypoderm vertebrate hypodermis sub-tegumental tissue subcutaneous tissue subcutis subtegumental tissue superficial fascia tela subcutanea hypodermis Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. Wikipedia:Hypodermis sub-tegumental tissue BTO:0004525 subcutaneous tissue Wikipedia:Hypodermis subtegumental tissue BTO:0004525 superficial fascia tela subcutanea Wikipedia:Hypodermis A tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]. BTO:0000554 CALOHA:TS-0432 EFO:0002464 EMAPA:18771 EMAPA:29741 EV:0100156 FMA:70660 GAID:934 MA:0000154 MESH:D018859 NCIT:C13317 SCTID:280830006 VHOG:0001268 Wikipedia:Hair_follicle folliculus pili Development notes:Formation largely takes place during fetal and perinatal skin development. However, after skin wounding de novo hair follicle formation may also occur in adult mouse and rabbit skin[DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005]. hair follicle A tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]. Wikipedia:Hair_follicle folliculus pili Wikipedia:Hair_follicle The main part of the hair which is composed of trichocytes and is divided into the cortex and medulla. BTO:0004672 EMAPA:36498 FMA:70728 MA:0000159 NCIT:C33543 SCTID:361359004 shaft of hair scapus pili hair shaft The main part of the hair which is composed of trichocytes and is divided into the cortex and medulla. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 scapus pili BTO:0004672 An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. AAO:0010386 BTO:0001491 EHDAA:512 EMAPA:16245 FMA:7085 MA:0000019 MESH:D014781 NCIT:C28287 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 SCTID:118760003 Wikipedia:Viscus XAO:0003034 visceral organ visceral organ system splanchnic tissue viscera visceral tissue viscus An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. BTO:0001491 Wikipedia:Viscus https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/14 visceral organ RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 visceral organ system MA:0000019 splanchnic tissue BTO:0001491 visceral tissue BTO:0001491 A cortex that is part of a hair [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35387 FMA:70934 MA:0000156 SCTID:318832008 coat hair cortex coat/hair cortex cortex of coat hair cortex of coat/hair hair cortex cortex of hair A cortex that is part of a hair [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic coat hair cortex OBOL:automatic coat/hair cortex OBOL:automatic cortex of coat hair OBOL:automatic cortex of coat/hair OBOL:automatic A cardiac atrium that is in the right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. AAO:0010248 BTO:0001703 EHDAA2:0000290 EMAPA:17321 FMA:7096 MA:0000075 NCIT:C12868 SCTID:244383003 VHOG:0000328 Wikipedia:Right_atrium XAO:0003192 galen:RightAtrium cardiac right atrium heart right atrium right atrium right atrium of heart right cardiac atrium atrium dextrum right cardiac atrium A cardiac atrium that is in the right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Wikipedia:Right_atrium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 heart right atrium MA:0000075 right atrium VHOG:0000328 atrium dextrum Wikipedia:Right_atrium A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. AAO:0010247 BTO:0001702 EHDAA2:0000275 EMAPA:17315 FMA:7097 MA:0000074 NCIT:C12869 SCTID:244387002 VHOG:0000369 Wikipedia:Left_atrium XAO:0003191 galen:LeftAtrium atrium sinistrum cardiac left atrium heart left atrium left atrium left atrium of heart left cardiac atrium left cardiac atrium A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. Wikipedia:Left_atrium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 atrium sinistrum Wikipedia:Left_atrium heart left atrium MA:0000074 left atrium VHOG:0000369 A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. BTO:0001630 CALOHA:TS-0443 EHDAA2:0000196 EMAPA:17340 FMA:7098 MA:0000093 NCIT:C12870 SCTID:244384009 VHOG:0000717 Wikipedia:Right_ventricle galen:RightVentricle cardiac right ventricle right ventricle right ventricle of heart right cardiac ventricle ventriculus dexter heart right ventricle A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 right ventricle FMA:7098 right cardiac ventricle EMAPA:17340 ventriculus dexter Wikipedia:Right_ventricle Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. AAO:0010246 BTO:0000903 CALOHA:TS-0437 EFO:0000277 EHDAA2:0000154 EHDAA:1265 EMAPA:16688 EV:0100019 FMA:7099 GAID:555 MA:0000073 MAT:0000496 MESH:D006325 NCIT:C12728 SCTID:261405004 TAO:0000471 VHOG:0000175 Wikipedia:Heart_atrium ZFA:0000471 galen:Atrium atria atrium atrium of heart cardiac atria heart atrium atrial tissue cardiac atrium Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. Wikipedia:Heart_atrium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 atria atrium ZFA:0000471 cardiac atria atrial tissue BTO:0000903 Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. ventricle AAO:0010249 BTO:0000862 CALOHA:TS-0444 EFO:0000317 EHDAA2:0004164 EHDAA:1912 EMAPA:17331 EV:0100020 FMA:7100 GAID:568 MA:0000091 MAT:0000497 MESH:D006352 NCIT:C12730 SCTID:277699000 TAO:0000009 VHOG:0000435 Wikipedia:Ventricle_(heart) XAO:0003193 ZFA:0000009 galen:Ventricle heart ventricle lower chamber of heart ventricle of heart cardiac ventricle Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. Wikipedia:Ventricle_(heart) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. BTO:0001629 CALOHA:TS-0439 EHDAA2:0002178 EMAPA:17337 FMA:7101 MA:0000092 NCIT:C12871 SCTID:244385005 VHOG:0000718 Wikipedia:Left_ventricle galen:LeftVentricle cardiac left ventricle left cardiac ventricle left ventricle left ventricle of heart ventriculus sinister cordis heart left ventricle A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 left ventricle FMA:7101 ventriculus sinister cordis Wikipedia:Left_ventricle A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart. EHDAA2:0000838 EHDAA:1896 EMAPA:17011 FMA:7108 MA:0000084 NCIT:C32818 SCTID:362016003 VHOG:0000385 Wikipedia:Interatrial_septum galen:InteratrialSeptum atrial septum atrium septum interatrial septal wall interatrial septum A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Companion vein of the thoracodorsal artery, draining the apical part of the latissimus dorsi and merging with the circumflex scapular vein to form a subscapular vein. FMA:71213 MA:0002238 thoracodorsal vein Companion vein of the thoracodorsal artery, draining the apical part of the latissimus dorsi and merging with the circumflex scapular vein to form a subscapular vein. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97559 The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. axial skeleton AAO:0000034 EFO:0000942 EHDAA2:0000161 EHDAA:5049 FMA:71221 MA:0002986 MAT:0000148 MIAA:0000148 TAO:0000317 VHOG:0000317 VSAO:0000093 XAO:0003073 ZFA:0000317 post-cranial axial skeleton previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. postcranial axial skeleton The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. ZFA:0000317 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2983975&group_id=76834&atid=974957 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=2983977&group_id=76834 axial skeleton FMA:71221 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-axial-skeleton Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. AAO:0000747 EFO:0000951 EMAPA:32729 FMA:71222 MA:0000290 MAT:0000278 MIAA:0000278 NCIT:C49477 SCTID:322050006 VSAO:0000076 Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton XAO:0003166 appendicular skeleton entire appendicular skeleton paired fin skeleton skeleton appendiculare appendicular skeleton Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. UBERONREF:0000003 Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 entire appendicular skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/59 paired fin skeleton skeleton appendiculare Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton The fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer. EMAPA:32668 FMA:71236 MA:0000815 NCIT:C49332 SCTID:309321003 VHOG:0000270 cranial dura mater dura mater cranialis dura mater encephali dura mater of brain brain dura mater The fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer. MP:0009025 cranial dura mater FMA:71236 dura mater cranialis FMA:71236 FMA:TA A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17806 FMA:71237 MA:0001132 NCIT:C49799 SCTID:362302001 VHOG:0000411 dura mater of neuraxis of spinal cord dura mater of spinal cord spinal cord dura mater spinal cord dura mater of neuraxis spinal dura mater A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. BTO:0002483 EFO:0001956 EHDAA:2603 EMAPA:17333 FMA:7133 MA:0000085 NCIT:C32874 SCTID:362019005 VHOG:0000386 Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum galen:InterventricularSeptum heart interventricular septum heart ventricular septum interventricular septum of heart interventriculare cordis intraventricular septum s. interventriculare cordis septum inferius septum membranaceum ventricle septum ventricular septum interventricular septum Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. FMA:7133 heart interventricular septum MA:0000085 heart ventricular septum MA:0000085 interventricular septum of heart BTO:0002483 interventriculare cordis BTO:0002483 intraventricular septum Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum s. interventriculare cordis Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum septum inferius Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum septum membranaceum Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum ventricular septum MA:0000085 Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. AAO:0011061 BTO:0001380 EV:0100083 FMA:7144 GAID:21 MESH:D008643 NCIT:C33103 SCTID:362707009 Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28general.29 galen:Mesentery generic mesentery mesentery (generic) mesentery Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon. FMA:7144 Wikipedia:Mesentery Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28general.29 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/85 generic mesentery Wikipedia:Mesentery mesentery (generic) Wikipedia:Mesentery The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. BTO:0001253 CALOHA:TS-0934 EFO:0000962 EHDAA2:0001844 EMAPA:17525 FMA:7163 MESH:D012867 MFMO:0000099 NCIT:C12470 SCTID:181469002 Wikipedia:Skin XAO:0000023 galen:Skin entire skin skin organ entire integument integument integumental organ pelt skin skin of body The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. UBERON:cjm The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. EMAPA:35400 FMA:7180 GAID:562 MA:0000083 MESH:D006346 NCIT:C49485 SCTID:362014000 cardiac septa heart septa heart septum septum of heart spiral septa cardiac septum The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. MESH:A07.541.459 cardiac septa heart septa spiral septa XAO:0004141 Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. AAO:0010339 BILA:0000116 BTO:0001493 CALOHA:TS-1071 EFO:0000966 EMAPA:31857 FMA:7181 MA:0000004 MAT:0000296 MIAA:0000296 NCIT:C33816 SCTID:262225004 TAO:0001115 Wikipedia:Torso XAO:0000054 XAO:0003025 ZFA:0001115 galen:Trunk thoracolumbar region torso trunk region Rumpf trunk Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. TAO:0001115 UBERONREF:0000006 Wikipedia:Torso trunk region XAO:0000054 Rumpf BTO:0001493 A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts. AAO:0010336 AEO:0000172 CALOHA:TS-0552 EFO:0000876 EHDAA2:0003172 EHDAA:1697 EHDAA:8273 EMAPA:16405 FMA:24875 GAID:36 MA:0000007 MAT:0000090 MIAA:0000090 NCIT:C12429 SCTID:243996003 VHOG:0000336 VSAO:0000121 Wikipedia:Limb XAO:0003027 galen:Extremity free limb limb sensu Vertebrata pentadactyl limb tetrapod limb flipper extremities extremity limb A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts. UBERONREF:0000003 free limb FMA:24875 limb sensu Vertebrata MAT:0000090 flipper extremities A (free) limb that is connected to a pectoral girdle. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its parts. AAO:0000205 BTO:0001729 CALOHA:TS-2214 EFO:0000882 EHDAA2:0002133 EHDAA:6208 EMAPA:17412 EV:0100014 FMA:24878 GAID:1215 GAID:51 MA:0000025 MAT:0000394 MESH:D005552 MIAA:0000394 NCIT:C12671 SCTID:182245002 VHOG:0000338 VSAO:0000148 Wikipedia:Forelimb XAO:0003030 galen:UpperExtremity anteriormost limb fore limb forelimb free part of upper limb free upper limb membrum superius pectoral limb superior member upper extremity upper limb pectoral flipper foreleg forelimb A (free) limb that is connected to a pectoral girdle. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its parts. UBERONREF:0000003 free part of upper limb FMA:24878 free upper limb FMA:24878 UBERONREF:0000003 membrum superius FMA:7183 FMA:TA pectoral flipper A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts. AAO:0000219 BTO:0002345 CALOHA:TS-2215 EFO:0000883 EHDAA2:0001033 EHDAA:6094 EMAPA:17458 EV:0100015 FMA:24879 GAID:1221 GAID:38 MA:0000026 MAT:0000395 MESH:D006614 MIAA:0000395 NCIT:C12742 NCIT:C77625 SCTID:182281004 VHOG:0000337 VSAO:0000150 Wikipedia:Hindlimb XAO:0003031 galen:LowerExtremity free lower limb hind limb hind-limb hindlimb inferior member lower limb membrum inferius free part of lower limb lower extremity membrum inferius pelvic appendage hindlimb A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts. UBERONREF:0000003 Wikipedia:Hindlimb Wikipedia:Lower_limb free lower limb FMA:24879 UBERONREF:0000003 hind-limb VSAO:0000150 membrum inferius FMA:7184 FMA:TA free part of lower limb FMA:24879 membrum inferius Wikipedia:Lower_limb The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. AAO:0000632 BILA:0000140 EMAPA:36003 FMA:7191 MA:0002444 NCIT:C12888 SCTID:281831001 TAO:0001127 Wikipedia:Visual_system XAO:0003198 ZFA:0001127 http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/FMAID_7191 photosensory system visual organ system visual system The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. NIFSTD:FMAID_7191 photosensory system BILA:0000140 Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. AAO:0000631 FMA:78500 TAO:0001138 XAO:0003195 ZFA:0001138 auditory organ system vestibuloauditory system auditory system auditory/vestibular system vestibuloauditory system vestibulo-auditory system Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. ZFA:0001138 The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. AAO:0010395 BTO:0001281 CALOHA:TS-0956 EFO:0000869 EMAPA:18767 EV:0100055 FMA:7196 GAID:1289 MA:0000141 MAT:0000085 MESH:D013154 MIAA:0000085 NCIT:C12432 SCTID:181279003 TAO:0000436 VHOG:0000120 Wikipedia:Spleen XAO:0000328 ZFA:0000436 galen:Spleen lien spleen The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000689 lien Wikipedia:Spleen An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. AAO:0010111 BTO:0000759 CALOHA:TS-0564 EFO:0000887 EHDAA2:0000997 EHDAA:2197 EMAPA:16846 EV:0100089 FMA:7197 GAID:288 MA:0000358 MAT:0000097 MESH:D008099 MIAA:0000097 NCIT:C12392 SCTID:181268008 TAO:0000123 VHOG:0000257 Wikipedia:Liver XAO:0000133 ZFA:0000123 galen:Liver iecur jecur liver An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. BTO:0000759 Wikipedia:Liver iecur Wikipedia:Liver jecur Wikipedia:Liver Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. AAO:0010397 BTO:0000651 CALOHA:TS-0942 EFO:0000841 EMAPA:32834 EV:0100072 FMA:7200 GAID:313 MA:0000337 MAT:0000047 MESH:D007421 MIAA:0000047 NCIT:C12386 SCTID:181250005 TAO:0001323 VHOG:0000055 Wikipedia:Small_intestine XAO:0000130 ZFA:0001323 galen:SmallIntestine small bowel small intestine anterior intestine intestinum tenue mid intestine small intestine Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Small_intestine intestinum tenue BTO:0000651 Wikipedia:Small_intestine 2 Pair of nostrils. FMA:72005 Wikipedia:Nares nares set nostrils pair of nostrils nares set of nares pair of nares Pair of nostrils. Wikipedia:Nares set of nares FMA:72005 An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. AAO:0010114 BTO:0000493 CALOHA:TS-0394 EFO:0000853 EHDAA2:0000699 EHDAA:8062 EMAPA:17202 EV:0100090 FMA:7202 MA:0000356 MAT:0000072 MESH:D005704 MIAA:0000072 NCIT:C12377 SCTID:181269000 TAO:0000208 VHOG:0000221 Wikipedia:Gallbladder XAO:0000135 ZFA:0000208 galen:Gallbladder cholecyst gall bladder vesica biliaris vesica fellea Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) gallbladder An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. Wikipedia:Gallbladder cholecyst WikipediaVersioned:Gallbladder&oldid=1092217922 vesica biliaris Wikipedia:Gallbladder vesica fellea Wikipedia:Gallbladder A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000087 CALOHA:TS-1198 EMAPA:36285 FMA:72024 MA:0000708 NCIT:C49195 arterial smooth muscle artery smooth muscle artery smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of artery arterial smooth muscle cell artery smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic arterial smooth muscle BTO:0000087 smooth muscle of artery FMA:72024 arterial smooth muscle cell BTO:0000087 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35323 FMA:72025 MA:0001573 esophageal smooth muscle esophagus involuntary muscle esophagus non-striated muscle esophagus smooth muscle esophagus smooth muscle tissue gullet involuntary muscle gullet non-striated muscle gullet smooth muscle gullet smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of esophagus involuntary muscle of gullet involuntary muscle of oesophagus non-striated muscle of esophagus non-striated muscle of gullet non-striated muscle of oesophagus oesophagus involuntary muscle oesophagus non-striated muscle oesophagus smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of gullet smooth muscle of oesophagus smooth muscle tissue of esophagus smooth muscle tissue of gullet smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus oesophagus smooth muscle smooth muscle of esophagus A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophagus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic esophagus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic esophagus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic gullet involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic gullet non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic gullet smooth muscle OBOL:automatic gullet smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of esophagus OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of gullet OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of oesophagus OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of esophagus OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of gullet OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic oesophagus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic oesophagus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of gullet OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of oesophagus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of esophagus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gullet OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus OBOL:automatic A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization. AAO:0000250 BTO:0000671 CALOHA:TS-0510 GAID:423 MAT:0000119 MESH:D007668 MIAA:0000119 Wikipedia:Kidney XAO:0003267 galen:Kidney reniculate kidney kidney A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization. PMID:25140012 PMID:35003210 Wikipedia:Kidney http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html https://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/top-5-jobs-kidneys-do reniculate kidney Wikipedia:Reniculate_kidney The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). AAO:0010402 BTO:0000365 CALOHA:TS-0214 EFO:0000851 EMAPA:18852 EV:0100073 FMA:7206 GAID:284 MA:0000338 MAT:0000044 MESH:D004386 MIAA:0000044 NCIT:C12263 SCTID:181247007 VHOG:0000052 Wikipedia:Duodenum XAO:0000236 galen:Duodenum proximal intestine upper intestine duodenum The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). ISBN:0815318960 Wikipedia:Duodenum proximal intestine BTO:0000365 upper intestine BTO:0000365 The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. BTO:0000657 CALOHA:TS-0496 EFO:0001333 EMAPA:18666 EV:0100074 FMA:7207 GAID:318 MA:0000340 MAT:0000045 MESH:D007583 MIAA:0000045 NCIT:C12388 SCTID:181248002 VHOG:0000053 Wikipedia:Jejunum galen:Jejunum intestinum jejunum mid-intestine middle intestine jejunum The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. MGI:monikat MP:0004002 intestinum jejunum BTO:0000657 mid-intestine Wikipedia:Jejunum middle intestine BTO:0000657 The portion of the small intestine that extends from the jejunum to the colon. AAO:0010403 BTO:0000620 CALOHA:TS-0472 EFO:0001334 EMAPA:32764 EV:0100075 FMA:7208 GAID:315 MA:0000339 MAT:0000282 MESH:D007082 MIAA:0000282 NCIT:C12387 SCTID:181249005 VHOG:0000647 Wikipedia:Ileum XAO:0000237 galen:Ileum distal intestine intestinum ileum lower intestine posterior intestine ileum The portion of the small intestine that extends from the jejunum to the colon. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:csmith MP:0002581 distal intestine BTO:0000620 intestinum ileum BTO:0000620 lower intestine BTO:0000620 posterior intestine Wikipedia:Ileum In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. AAO:0011089 BTO:0001541 EFO:0000927 EHDAA2:0001570 EHDAA:1017 EMAPA:16579 FMA:72170 MAT:0000117 MIAA:0000117 NCIT:C34280 SCTID:308804007 TAO:0000151 VHOG:0000037 Wikipedia:Pronephros XAO:0002000 ZFA:0000151 pronephric kidney archinephron embryonic kidney pronephron Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104 pronephros In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. GO:0048793 Wikipedia:Pronephros pronephric kidney XAO:0002000 archinephron BTO:0001541 embryonic kidney BTO:0001541 pronephron BTO:0001541 The fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus. EMAPA:19306 FMA:72204 MA:0000766 NCIT:C33770 SCTID:188181003 thymic capsule thymus capsule capsule of thymus The fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus. MP:0002368 The outer part of a thymus lobule that surrounds the medulla and is composed of closely packed lymphocytes. BTO:0002934 EMAPA:35863 FMA:72205 MA:0000767 NCIT:C33774 SCTID:188262003 Wikipedia:Thymus#Cortex thymic cortex thymus cortex cortex of thymus The outer part of a thymus lobule that surrounds the medulla and is composed of closely packed lymphocytes. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0002371 thymic cortex BTO:0002934 thymus cortex MA:0000767 Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size. BTO:0004560 EFO:0001969 EMAPA:19305 FMA:72206 MA:0000771 NCIT:C33775 SCTID:188344009 Wikipedia:Thymus#Medulla medulla of thymus gland thymus gland medulla thymus medulla medulla of thymus Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size. Wikipedia:Thymus#Medulla medulla of thymus gland OBOL:automatic thymus gland medulla OBOL:automatic A lobule that is part of a thymus. Divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla and separated from each other by connective tissue septa, but with the medullary tissue continuous from lobule to lobule.[ncit,modified]. FMA:72215 MA:0000770 NCIT:C33772 SCTID:187882006 lobule of thymus thymic lobule thymus lobule thymus lobule A lobule that is part of a thymus. Divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla and separated from each other by connective tissue septa, but with the medullary tissue continuous from lobule to lobule.[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:Thymic_Lobule lobule of thymus FMA:72215 thymus lobule MA:0000770 A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. BAMS:SOC BIRNLEX:1307 DHBA:12462 EMAPA:35840 EV:0100263 FMA:72247 HBA:9177 MA:0001026 MBA:398 VHOG:0001381 Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex nucleus olivaris superior superior olivary nuclei regio olivaris superioris superior olivary nucleus superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan) superior olive superior olivary complex A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. ISBN:0-19-502694-2 Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex nucleus olivaris superior FMA:72247 FMA:TA superior olivary nuclei FMA:72247 regio olivaris superioris NeuroNames:569 superior olivary nucleus FMA:72247 superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan) NeuroNames:569 superior olive FMA:72247 ISBN:0-19-502694-2 The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer. BAMS:CB BAMS:CBX BAMS:CbCx BIRNLEX:1566 BM:CB-Cbx BTO:0000043 CALOHA:TS-2000 DHBA:10657 DMBA:16939 EMAPA:35211 EV:0100294 FMA:72248 GAID:596 HBA:4697 MA:0000199 MBA:528 MESH:D002525 NCIT:C49216 SCTID:361593004 VHOG:0001597 Wikipedia:Cerebellar_cortex cortex of cerebellar hemisphere cortex cerebellaris cortex cerebelli The circuits in the cerebellar cortex look similar across all classes of vertebrates, including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals (e.g., Fig. 2). This has been taken as evidence that the cerebellum performs functions important to all vertebrate species. (Wikipedia) cerebellar cortex The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer. BIRNLEX:1566 cortex of cerebellar hemisphere DMBA:CbHCx cortex cerebellaris BTO:0000043 cortex cerebelli NeuroNames:647 A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. EHDAA2:0000153 EHDAA:7421 EMAPA:35154 FMA:7233 MA:0002789 SCTID:11124005 TAO:0005064 VHOG:0001472 Wikipedia:Heart_valve#Atrioventricular_valves ZFA:0005064 galen:AtrioventricularValve AV valve atrio-ventricular valve atrioventricular valve A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. Wikipedia:Heart_valve#Atrioventricular_valves http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 atrio-ventricular valve EMAPA:35154 An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium. EHDAA2:0004029 EHDAA:7427 EMAPA:17873 FMA:7234 GAID:567 MA:0000090 MESH:D014261 NCIT:C12805 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002081 SCTID:181288007 VHOG:0000816 Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve galen:TricuspidValve right atrioventricular valve valva atrioventricularis dextra valvula tricuspidalis tricuspid valve An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 right atrioventricular valve FMA:7234 valva atrioventricularis dextra FMA:7234 FMA:TA valvula tricuspidalis Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium. EFO:0003933 EHDAA2:0000168 EMAPA:17871 FMA:7235 GAID:565 MA:0000088 MESH:D008943 NCIT:C12753 SCTID:181286006 VHOG:0000817 Wikipedia:Mitral_valve galen:MitralValve left atrioventricular valve valva atrioventricularis sinistra bicuspid valve valva mitralis mitral valve An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 valva atrioventricularis sinistra FMA:7235 FMA:TA valva mitralis Wikipedia:Mitral_valve The semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. EHDAA2:0001577 EHDAA:4412 EMAPA:17872 FMA:7246 GAID:566 MA:0000089 MESH:D011664 NCIT:C12775 SCTID:181289004 VHOG:0000814 Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve galen:PulmonaryValve pulmonic valve valva trunci pulmonalis pulmonary valve The semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve valva trunci pulmonalis Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. BAMS:CAE BAMS:LC BIRNLEX:905 BM:Pons-LC BTO:0001408 DHBA:12819 DMBA:16972 EFO:0001963 EMAPA:35502 FMA:72478 GAID:577 HBA:9148 MA:0001017 MBA:147 MESH:D008125 NCIT:C97333 SCTID:369016004 TAO:0000539 Wikipedia:Locus_ceruleus ZFA:0000539 Noradrenergic cell group A6 blue nucleus caerulean nucleus locus caeruleus locus coeruleu locus coeruleus nucleus caeruleus nucleus of locus caeruleus nucleus pigmentosus pontis substantia ferruginea loci coeruleus locus cinereus locus coeruleus (Vicq d'Azyr) nucleus loci caerulei locus ceruleus The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]. GAID:577 GO:0021703 Wikipedia:Locus_ceruleus Noradrenergic cell group A6 Noradrenergic_cell_group_A6&oldid=981960774 blue nucleus BIRNLEX:905 locus caeruleus BIRNLEX:905 nucleus caeruleus FMA:72478 FMA:TA nucleus pigmentosus pontis BIRNLEX:905 substantia ferruginea BIRNLEX:905 loci coeruleus ZFA:0000539 locus cinereus BTO:0001408 locus coeruleus (Vicq d'Azyr) NeuroNames:583 nucleus loci caerulei NeuroNames:583 Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703). BAMS:SSN BAMS:SuS BIRNLEX:1131 DHBA:12435 EHDAA2:0004646 FMA:72482 HBA:9194 MA:0001027 MBA:462 SCTID:369028007 Wikipedia:Superior_salivatory_nucleus superior salivary nucleus nucleus salivarius superior nucleus salivatorius cranialis nucleus salivatorius rostralis nucleus salivatorius superior superior salivatory nucleus Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703). BIRNLEX:1131 superior salivary nucleus GO:0021753 nucleus salivarius superior NeuroNames:590 nucleus salivatorius cranialis NeuroNames:590 nucleus salivatorius rostralis NeuroNames:590 nucleus salivatorius superior NeuroNames:590 The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. AAO:0010408 BTO:0000387 CALOHA:TS-2075 EFO:0000821 EHDAA2:0004153 EMAPA:17868 EMAPA:32686 EV:0100021 FMA:7280 GAID:550 MA:0000076 MAT:0000455 MESH:D004699 NCIT:C13004 SCTID:362013006 TAO:0001320 VHOG:0000084 Wikipedia:Endocardium XAO:0000066 ZFA:0001320 galen:Endocardium endocardial lining endocardial tissue heart endocardium heart endocardial tissue fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010 endocardium The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. GO:0003157 endocardial lining EMAPA:32686 endocardial tissue EMAPA:17868 heart endocardial tissue VHOG:0000084 Endocardium that is part of the atrium. EMAPA:32745 FMA:7284 MA:0000077 SCTID:192001005 TAO:0002169 VHOG:0000606 ZFA:0001614 Cardiac atria endocardium atrial endocardium atrium endocardium atrium of heart endocardium cardiac atrium endocardium endocardium of Cardiac atria endocardium of atrium of heart endocardium of cardiac atrium endocardium of heart atrium heart atrium endocardium atrium endocardial tissue endocardium of atrium Endocardium that is part of the atrium. ZFIN:curator Cardiac atria endocardium OBOL:automatic atrium of heart endocardium OBOL:automatic cardiac atrium endocardium OBOL:automatic endocardium of Cardiac atria OBOL:automatic endocardium of atrium of heart OBOL:automatic endocardium of cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic endocardium of heart atrium OBOL:automatic heart atrium endocardium OBOL:automatic atrium endocardial tissue VHOG:0000606 Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. EHDAA2:0001730 EHDAA:4969 EMAPA:17661 FMA:7309 MA:0000426 NCIT:C33483 SCTID:361967000 VHOG:0000301 Wikipedia:Right_lung right lung Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Right_lung Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. EHDAA2:0000943 EHDAA:4947 EMAPA:17653 FMA:7310 MA:0000425 NCIT:C32967 SCTID:361982005 VHOG:0000618 Wikipedia:Left_lung left lung Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Left_lung The upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea. BTO:0001340 CALOHA:TS-1229 EFO:0000932 EMAPA:32689 EV:0100041 FMA:7409 GAID:346 MA:0000436 MAT:0000133 MESH:D001980 MIAA:0000133 NCIT:C12683 SCTID:181215002 VHOG:0000262 Wikipedia:Bronchus XAO:0000121 bronchi bronchial trunk bronchial tissue bronchus The upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea. ISBN:0-397-51047-0 MESH:A04.411.125 MGI:cwg MP:0002264 bronchi bronchial trunk FMA:7409 bronchial tissue BTO:0001340 A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. panniculus adiposus BTO:0004042 EMAPA:35829 FMA:74315 MA:0000473 fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue hypodermis fat layer panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae subcutaneous fat layer fatty layer of superficial fascia subcutaneous fat subcutaneous adipose tissue A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 panniculus adiposus MP:0011156 fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue FMA:74315 hypodermis fat layer MP:0011156 panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) FMA:74315 FMA:TA panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae FMA:74315 FMA:TA subcutaneous fat layer MP:0011156 fatty layer of superficial fascia FMA:74315 subcutaneous fat BTO:0004042 Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. CALOHA:TS-2018 EHDAA2:0004615 EMAPA:18765 FMA:74562 MA:0000013 hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex haemolymphoid system hemolymphoid system Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers. EMAPA:35524 FMA:74604 MA:0000739 NCIT:C33028 SCTID:327532004 Wikipedia:Lymph_node_capsule capsula nodi lymphoidei lymph node capsule capsule of lymph node Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers. Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Capsule capsula nodi lymphoidei FMA:74604 FMA:TA Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]. FMA:74605 MA:0000746 NCIT:C33035 Wikipedia:Lymph_node_trabeculae lymph node trabecula lymph node trabeculae lymph node trabeculum trabeculae of lymph node trabecula of lymph node Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymph_node_trabeculae lymph node trabeculae trabeculae of lymph node The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction[WP]. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). This lobe contains cells that produce prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and proopiomelanocortin[ZFA]. AHP AAO:0010540 BAMS:AHY BAMS:AL BAMS:APit BIRNLEX:1581 BM:AHy BTO:0000040 CALOHA:TS-0794 EFO:0000230 EHDAA2:0000109 EMAPA:17514 FMA:74627 MA:0000177 MESH:D010903 NCIT:C12772 SCTID:245532007 TAO:0001282 VHOG:0000141 Wikipedia:Adenohypophysis ZFA:0001282 anterior hypophysis anterior lobe (hypophysis) anterior lobe of hypophysis anterior lobe of pituitary anterior lobe of pituitary gland anterior pituitary lobus anterior (glandula pituitaria) lobus anterior hypophysis pituitary gland, anterior lobe anterior lobe of the pituitary anterior pituitary gland cranial lobe lobus anterior pituitary anterior lobe pituitary glandanterior lobe rostral lobe adenohypophysis The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction[WP]. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). This lobe contains cells that produce prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and proopiomelanocortin[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Adenohypophysis ZFIN:curator AHP BIRNLEX:1581 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource anterior hypophysis ZFA:0001282 lobus anterior (glandula pituitaria) FMA:74627 FMA:TA lobus anterior hypophysis FMA:74627 FMA:TA anterior lobe of the pituitary BAMS:APit anterior pituitary gland BTO:0000040 cranial lobe BTO:0000496 lobus anterior NeuroNames:407 pituitary anterior lobe EMAPA:17514 pituitary glandanterior lobe BAMS:AL rostral lobe BTO:0000496 The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon. NHP AAO:0010537 BAMS:NHP BAMS:NHY BAMS:NL BAMS:PPit BIRNLEX:1586 BM:NY BTO:0000937 CALOHA:TS-0815 DMBA:15691 EHDAA2:0001271 EHDAA:7536 EMAPA:17519 FMA:74628 MA:0000178 MESH:D010904 NCIT:C12773 SCTID:245527006 TAO:0001271 VHOG:0000142 Wikipedia:Neurohypophysis ZFA:0001271 infundibular process lobus nervosus neurohypophysis lobus posterior (glandula pituitaria) lobus posterior hypophysis neural lobe neural lobe of pituitary neural lobe of pituitary gland neuro hypophysis neurohypophysis pituitary gland, posterior lobe posterior lobe of pituitary posterior lobe of pituitary gland posterior pituitary lobus nervosus lobus posterior pituitary gland neural lobe pituitary gland, neural lobe posterior lobe of hypophysis posterior pituitary gland neurohypophysis The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon. MP:0004164 NHP BIRNLEX:1586 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource infundibular process FMA:74628 lobus nervosus neurohypophysis FMA:74628 FMA:TA lobus posterior (glandula pituitaria) FMA:74628 FMA:TA lobus posterior hypophysis FMA:74628 FMA:TA neural lobe FMA:74628 neural lobe of pituitary BIRNLEX:1586 neural lobe of pituitary gland FMA:74628 posterior lobe of pituitary gland FMA:74628 lobus nervosus NeuroNames:401 lobus posterior NeuroNames:401 pituitary gland neural lobe BAMS:NL pituitary gland, neural lobe NeuroNames:401 posterior lobe of hypophysis NeuroNames:401 posterior pituitary gland BTO:0000937 The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. AAO:0000239 BTO:0000634 FMA:74657 TAO:0000368 VSAO:0000029 Wikipedia:Integument ZFA:0000368 galen:Integument dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis integumentum commune skin and subcutaneous tissue skin plus hypodermis the integument dermal system dermoid system skin tegument vertebrate integument integument The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. Wikipedia:Integument integumentum commune FMA:74657 FMA:TA the integument FMA:74657 dermal system BTO:0000634 dermoid system BTO:0000634 tegument BTO:0000634 Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0003656 FMA:74710 TAO:0001267 XAO:0004152 ZFA:0001267 adult head vascular network adult head vasculature cranial vasculature head vascular network vascular network of adult head vascular network of head vasculature of adult head head vasculature vasculature of head Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head vascular network OBOL:automatic adult head vasculature OBOL:automatic head vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of adult head OBOL:automatic vascular network of head OBOL:automatic vasculature of adult head OBOL:automatic A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:74712 TAO:0005024 ZFA:0005024 torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso vasculature of trunk A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic torso vascular network OBOL:automatic torso vasculature OBOL:automatic trunk vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of torso OBOL:automatic vascular network of trunk OBOL:automatic vasculature of torso OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a trachea. BTO:0002115 EMAPA:35879 FMA:7472 MA:0001860 NCIT:C49307 SCTID:4419000 submucosa of windpipe trachea submucosa tracheal submucosa windpipe submucosa submucous layer of trachea submucosa of trachea A submucosa that is part of a trachea. OBOL:automatic submucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic windpipe submucosa OBOL:automatic submucous layer of trachea BTO:0002115 Vasculature that is part of the eye region. FMA:74743 SCTID:123846009 TAO:0007057 ZFA:0007057 eye vascular network ocular blood vessel ocular vasculature vascular network of eye eye vasculature optic vasculature vasculature of eye Vasculature that is part of the eye region. OBOL:automatic https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3489658&group_id=76834&atid=994726 eye vascular network OBOL:automatic ocular blood vessel ZFA:0007057 vascular network of eye OBOL:automatic Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. AAO:0010546 CALOHA:TS-1311 EMAPA:32714 EV:0100139 FMA:7482 GAID:98 MA:0002418 MESH:D009141 NCIT:C12754 SCTID:278858007 VHOG:0001275 VSAO:0000031 Wikipedia:Musculoskeletal_system XAO:0000168 musculo-skeletal system musculoskeletal system Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. VSAO:0000031 VSAO:curator https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA]. AEO:0000178 EHDAA2:0003178 EMAPA:35344 FMA:7492 MA:0000321 SCTID:37772004 TAO:0005156 Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint ZFA:0005156 articulatio fibrosa junctura fibrosa fibrous joint Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint junctura fibrosa Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint.[FMA]. FMA:7494 MA:0001500 SCTID:89358004 Wikipedia:Syndesmosis syndesmosis Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Syndesmosis Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]. EMAPA:36581 FMA:7496 MA:0000320 SCTID:58442004 TAO:0005155 Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint ZFA:0005155 articulatio cartilaginea junctura cartilaginea cartilaginous joint Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint junctura cartilaginea Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA]. EMAPA:35846 FMA:7497 MA:0001501 SCTID:42903008 Wikipedia:Synchondrosis cartilago epiphysialis primary cartilaginous joint epiphysial cartilage synchondrosis Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Synchondrosis cartilago epiphysialis FMA:7497 FMA:TA primary cartilaginous joint FMA:7497 epiphysial cartilage FMA:7497 Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA]. FMA:7498 MA:0001504 SCTID:1584001 Wikipedia:Symphysis secondary cartilaginous joint symphysis Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Symphysis secondary cartilaginous joint FMA:7498 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 MA:0000322 NCIT:C32461 SCTID:113234001 TAO:0005153 Wikipedia:Synovial_joint ZFA:0005153 galen:SynovialJoint articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint diarthrodial joints synovial joint Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. FMA:7501 Wikipedia:Synovial_joint diarthroses ZFA:0005153 diarthrodial joints ZFA:0005153 Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP]. FMA:75438 MA:0001465 NCIT:C32621 SCTID:272681004 TAO:0001738 Wikipedia:Fontanelle ZFA:0005536 fontanel fontanelles fontanels fonticuli cranii fontanelle Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP]. Wikipedia:Fontanelle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 fontanelles TAO:0001738 fontanels TAO:0001738 fonticuli cranii Wikipedia:Fontanelle The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. EMAPA:36497 FMA:7565 GAID:93 MA:0000032 MESH:D035423 NCIT:C12905 SCTID:243949006 Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity cavitas thoracis cavity of chest cavity of thorax chest cavity pectoral cavity space of thoracic compartment thoracic lumen thoracic cavity The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity cavitas thoracis Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity space of thoracic compartment FMA:7565 An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses. AAO:0000545 CALOHA:TS-2209 EFO:0003066 EMAPA:18010 FMA:7574 GAID:245 MA:0000315 MESH:D012272 NCIT:C12782 SCTID:302523002 TAO:0000538 VHOG:0001154 Wikipedia:Rib ZFA:0000538 galen:Rib dorsal rib pleural rib ribs rib An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses. Wikipedia:Rib ZFIN:curator ribs TAO:0000538 A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:75816 MA:0001395 NCIT:C52786 SCTID:181986000 SCTID:361325003 hand proximal phalanx phalanx proximalis manus proximal manual phalanx proximal phalanx of finger proximal phalanx of fore digit proximal phalanx of hand proximal phalanx of manual digit proximal phalanx of manus A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hand proximal phalanx MA:0001395 phalanx proximalis manus FMA:75816 FMA:TA proximal phalanx of finger FMA:75816 A rib that is ventrally connected to the sternum. FMA:7592 MA:0001419 SCTID:368044009 Wikipedia:True_ribs costa vera costae verae true rib A rib that is ventrally connected to the sternum. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:True_ribs costae verae Wikipedia:True_ribs Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). AAO:0010151 BAMS:SP BAMS:Spinal BIRNLEX:1709 BM:SpC BTO:0001279 CALOHA:TS-0953 DHBA:12890 DMBA:17651 EFO:0000110 EHDAA2:0001255 EHDAA:2863 EMAPA:17577 EV:0100316 FMA:7647 GAID:695 MA:0000216 MAT:0000183 MESH:D013116 MIAA:0000183 NCIT:C12464 SCTID:180959008 TAO:0000075 VHOG:0000601 Wikipedia:Spinal_cord XAO:0000020 ZFA:0000075 SpC cerebro-cerebellar fissure cerebrocerebellar fissure fissura cerebro-cerebellaris fissura cerebrocerebellaris medulla spinalis spinal cord structure spinal medulla spinal cord Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). BIRNLEX:1709 SpC cerebro-cerebellar fissure NeuroNames:22 cerebrocerebellar fissure NeuroNames:22 fissura cerebro-cerebellaris NeuroNames:22 fissura cerebrocerebellaris NeuroNames:22 medulla spinalis BTO:0001279 Wikipedia:Spinal_cord spinal cord structure ZFA:0000075 spinal medulla BTO:0001279 Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. AAO:0010169 EHDAA2:0000243 EMAPA:17681 TAO:0001424 VHOG:0000288 Wikipedia:Chondrocranium ZFA:0001424 calvarium neurocranium chondrocranium Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. Wikipedia:Chondrocranium http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chondrocranium calvarium MA:0000317 neurocranium MA:0000317 The jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc which is a remnant of the notochord. BTO:0003626 EMAPA:18008 FMA:13550 FMA:76703 MA:0000112 SCTID:316586000 Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus nucleus pulposus (diskus intervertebralis) pulpy nucleus nucleus propulsus nucleus propulsus of intervertebral disk nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk Function noyes: It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each disc under compressive loads. nucleus pulposus The jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc which is a remnant of the notochord. MGI:llw2 MP:0006392 nucleus pulposus (diskus intervertebralis) FMA:13550 nucleus propulsus Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus nucleus propulsus of intervertebral disk Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk FMA:13550 An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ. AAO:0010180 BTO:0001772 FMA:77659 VHOG:0000287 XAO:0000273 olfactory organ olfactory sense organ olfactory sensory organ main olfactory organ primary olfactory organ olfactory neuroepithelium organ olfactus organum olfactorium olfactory organ An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ. UBERON:cjm olfactory organ BTO:0001772 olfactory sensory organ FBbt:00005158 olfactory neuroepithelium BTO:0001772 organ olfactus BTO:0001772 organum olfactorium BTO:0001772 A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). BAMS:RET EMAPA:35188 FMA:77719 MA:0003185 MESH:D012154 NLX:143558 SCTID:361552007 Wikipedia:Reticular_formation neuronames:1223 brain stem reticular formation brainstem reticular formation reticular formation (classical) reticular formation of the brainstem reticular formation A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). NeuroNames:1223 brain stem reticular formation NeuroNames:1223 brainstem reticular formation MA:0003185 NeuroNames:1223 reticular formation (classical) NeuroNames:1223 reticular formation of the brainstem NeuroNames:1223 A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere. BAMS:LV BAMS:Tel-V BIRNLEX:1263 BM:Tel-LV BTO:0000879 CALOHA:TS-1230 DHBA:10596 DMBA:126651562 EFO:0001961 EHDAA2:0001984 EHDAA:3502 EHDAA:6576 EV:0100307 FMA:78448 GAID:611 HBA:9419 MA:0000192 MBA:81 MESH:D020547 NCIT:C12834 SCTID:180930008 TAO:0000696 VHOG:0000643 Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle ZFA:0000696 neuronames:209 lateral ventricle lateral ventricles telencephalic ventricle telencephalon lateral ventricle forebrain ventricle lateral ventricle of brain tectal ventricle telencephalic ventricles telencephalic vesicle modeled as space in EHDAA2 telencephalic ventricle A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere. Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lateral ventricle MA:0000192 lateral ventricles telencephalic ventricle VHOG:0000643 ZFA:0000696 telencephalon lateral ventricle EHDAA2:0001984 lateral ventricle of brain BTO:0000879 telencephalic ventricles BAMS:Tel-V telencephalic vesicle ZFA:0000696 Choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. BAMS:chp4 BAMS:cp4v DHBA:12808 EMAPA:32742 FMA:78492 HBA:9710 MA:0000983 NCIT:C32308 NLX:27388 SCTID:42214001 TAO:0001446 VHOG:0001375 ZFA:0001446 neuronames:638 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of fourth ventricle choroid plexus fourth ventricle fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere fourth ventricle choroid plexus 4th ventricle choroid plexus choroid plexus of fourth ventricle Choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. NLX:27388 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic choroid plexus fourth ventricle ZFA:0001446 fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). FMA:79646 GAID:279 MA:0001273 MESH:D001659 NCIT:C12678 SCTID:361354009 Wikipedia:Biliary_system biliary apparatus biliary tract biliary system Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). Wikipedia:Biliary_system biliary apparatus FMA:79646 biliary tract FMA:79646 MA:0001273 The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. EHDAA2:0004560 EHDAA:3019 EHDAA:3033 EHDAA:3921 EHDAA:3934 EHDAA:3957 EHDAA:3971 FMA:79795 SCTID:308823000 TAO:0005130 Wikipedia:Mesentery#Development ZFA:0005130 dorsal mesogastrium mesenterium dorsale commune dorsal mesentery The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery Wikipedia:Mesentery#Development ZFIN:curator dorsal mesogastrium Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery mesenterium dorsale commune Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. BAMS:BS BIRNLEX:1565 BTO:0000146 CALOHA:TS-0093 EFO:0001962 EMAPA:32678 EV:0100241 FMA:79876 MA:0000169 MBA:343 MESH:D001933 NCIT:C12441 SCTID:180925009 TAO:0002156 VHOG:0001457 Wikipedia:Brainstem ZFA:0001707 brain stem truncus encephali accessory medullary lamina of pallidum lamella pallidi incompleta lamina medullaris accessoria lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi lamina pallidi incompleta truncus encephalicus 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). brainstem Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. ISBN:0471888893 MP:0005277 Wikipedia:Brainstem ZFA:0001707 brain stem ABA:BS truncus encephali Wikipedia:Brainstem accessory medullary lamina of pallidum NeuroNames:236 lamella pallidi incompleta NeuroNames:236 lamina medullaris accessoria NeuroNames:236 lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi NeuroNames:236 lamina pallidi incompleta NeuroNames:236 truncus encephalicus BTO:0000146 One of the layers of the neocortex. These layers are defined by distinctive populations of cells based on somata size, shape, or density, that are aligned into sheets. cortical layer ABA:CTX1-6b EMAPA:35588 FMA:83138 MA:0000186 layer of neocortex neocortex layer cerebral cortex layer lamina of neocortex layer of neocortex One of the layers of the neocortex. These layers are defined by distinctive populations of cells based on somata size, shape, or density, that are aligned into sheets. ISBN-10:0-87893-742-0 PMID:29081739 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 layer of neocortex FMA:83138 neocortex layer MA:0000186 cerebral cortex layer MA:0000186 lamina of neocortex FMA:83138 The atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle. EFO:0003087 EMAPA:32746 FMA:83509 MA:0000081 SCTID:191910002 TAO:0001374 VHOG:0000602 ZFA:0001374 atrial myocardium atrium myocardium atrium cardiac muscle myocardium of atrium The atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010493 atrial myocardium ZFA:0001374 atrium cardiac muscle VHOG:0000602 Mucus produced in the nasal cavity, by the respiratory segment of the nasal mucosa. BTO:0003603 CALOHA:TS-0658 EMAPA:36552 FMA:83688 MA:0002535 NCIT:C52551 Wikipedia:Nasal_mucus#Respiratory_system respiratory mucus EDITOR_NOTE TODO - split nasal vs respiratory tract? nasal mucus Mucus produced in the nasal cavity, by the respiratory segment of the nasal mucosa. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 respiratory mucus BTO:0003603 Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle. BAMS:cplv DHBA:10601 EHDAA2:0004449 EMAPA:17769 FMA:83711 HBA:9708 MA:0000961 NCIT:C32309 NLX:32548 SCTID:70064002 TAO:0001447 VHOG:0001376 ZFA:0001447 neuronames:218 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of lateral ventricle choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle choroid plexus choroid plexus of lateral ventricle Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle. NLX:32548 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle ZFA:0001447 lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. EMAPA:35185 FMA:83840 MA:0000811 NCIT:C49346 SCTID:426465002 ZFA:0005575 brain nucleus brain nuclei nucleus of brain A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 brain nuclei ZFA:0005575 The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. BAMS:Scgrey DHBA:146035048 EMAPA:35792 FMA:256580 MA:0000002 NCIT:C32696 NLXANAT:100204 SCTID:279441003 neuronames:2619 gray matter of spinal cord gray substance of spinal cord grey matter of spinal cord grey substance of spinal cord spinal cord gray matter spinal cord grey matter spinal cord grey substance substantia grisea medullae spinalis gray matter of spinal cord The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. MP:0008503 gray matter of spinal cord OBOL:automatic gray substance of spinal cord FMA:256580 spinal cord gray matter OBOL:automatic spinal cord grey substance OBOL:automatic substantia grisea medullae spinalis FMA:256580 FMA:TA The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. body cavity AEO:0000186 BTO:0001707 EHDAA2:0000267 FMA:85006 NCIT:C25444 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 SCTID:361348008 TAO:0001438 ZFA:0001438 galen:BodyCavity coelomic cavity coelomic cavity lumen main body cavity space of body compartment ventral body cavity celom coelom coelome hemocoel EDITOR_NOTE check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct coelemic cavity lumen The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. BTO:0001707 body cavity BTO:0001707 coelomic cavity EHDAA2:0000267 coelomic cavity lumen EHDAA2:0000267 space of body compartment FMA:85006 ventral body cavity NCBITaxon:7742 celom BTO:0001707 coelome BTO:0001707 hemocoel FBbt:00005060 Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35161 FMA:85216 MA:0000496 back muscle back muscle organ muscle organ of back muscle of back Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic back muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of back OBOL:automatic The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.. EMAPA:31518 FMA:85275 MA:0001686 NCIT:C49309 epithelial tissue of urethra urethra epithelial tissue urethra epithelium urethral epithelium urethral plate urethral seam epithelium of urethra The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.. GO:0061071 epithelial tissue of urethra OBOL:automatic urethra epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic urethral plate EMAPA:31518 urethral seam EMAPA:31518 A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:85276 MA:0001689 lamina propria mucosa of urethra lamina propria mucosae of urethra urethra lamina propria urethra lamina propria mucosa urethra lamina propria mucosae urethral lamina propria lamina propria of urethra A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of urethra OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of urethra OBOL:automatic urethra lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic urethra lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic FMA:85315 MA:0001176 intercostal nerve trunk intercostal neural trunk trunk of intercostal nerve A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. AAO:0000327 BTO:0001768 CALOHA:TS-0690 EHDAA2:0001277 EHDAA:1241 EHDAA:6021 EMAPA:16191 EV:0100002 FMA:85521 GAID:1311 MAT:0000281 MESH:D009672 NCIT:C12463 SCTID:308820002 TAO:0000135 VHOG:0000199 VSAO:0000032 Wikipedia:Notochord XAO:0000055 ZFA:0000135 http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/history/notochords.jpg embryonic notocord notocord notochorda The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB] notochord A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. ISBN:0815318960 Wikipedia:Notochord http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/25 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/271 notocord ZFA:0000135 notochorda Wikipedia:Notochord Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. mesodermal cluster AAO:0010569 AEO:0001015 BTO:0001558 EHDAA2:0003436 EHDAA:366 EHDAA:699 EMAPA:31169 FMA:85522 GAID:1306 MAT:0000068 MESH:D019170 MIAA:0000068 NCIT:C34302 TAO:0000155 VHOG:0000191 Wikipedia:Somite XAO:0000058 ZFA:0000155 epimere epimere mesoderm epithelial somite somites somitic mesoderm somitus When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] somite Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01987.x Wikipedia:Somite mesodermal cluster GO:0001756 epimere ISBN:0073040584 epithelial somite https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest somites somitus Wikipedia:Somite Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. CALOHA:TS-2057 EHDAA2:0002225 EMAPA:35329 FMA:85539 MA:0002411 NCIT:C12957 Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system exocrine glandular system exocrine system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland exocrine glandular system EHDAA2:0002225 The connecting cord from the developing embryo to the placenta. BTO:0001415 CALOHA:TS-1078 EFO:0001415 EHDAA2:0000312 EHDAA:158 EMAPA:26115 EV:0100127 FMA:85541 GAID:517 MAT:0000280 MESH:D014470 MIAA:0000280 NCIT:C34320 SCTID:280644003 Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord chorda umbilicalis funiculus umbilicalis birth cord connecting stalk funiculus umbilicalis yolk stalk See notes for connecting stalk umbilical cord The connecting cord from the developing embryo to the placenta. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0001725 PMID:9144284 Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord chorda umbilicalis MP:0012134 funiculus umbilicalis MP:0012134 birth cord Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord funiculus umbilicalis Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord yolk stalk BTO:0001415 An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. EHDAA2:0001576 EHDAA:9831 EMAPA:17015 FMA:8612 MA:0002033 NCIT:C116918 VHOG:0001134 galen:PulmonaryTrunk pulmonary artery (trunk) trunk of pulmonary arterial tree main pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 main pulmonary artery Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery The duct of the submadibular gland that opens at the sublingual papilla near the frenulum of the tongue. BTO:0004556 EMAPA:35833 FMA:86266 MA:0002698 NCIT:C33649 SCTID:181237009 Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct Wharton's duct ductus submandibularis ductus submaxillaris submandibular salivary duct submaxillar gland duct submaxillary duct submandibular duct The duct of the submadibular gland that opens at the sublingual papilla near the frenulum of the tongue. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0009525 Wharton's duct FMA:59899 Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct ductus submandibularis BTO:0004556 ductus submaxillaris Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct submaxillar gland duct BTO:0004556 The layer of connective tissue comprised of the endometrial lining of the uterus which fluctuates in thickness throughout the menstrual cycle. CALOHA:TS-1266 EMAPA:35310 FMA:86487 MA:0002734 NCIT:C32516 SCTID:254115004 endometrium stroma stroma of endometrium endometrial stroma The layer of connective tissue comprised of the endometrial lining of the uterus which fluctuates in thickness throughout the menstrual cycle. ncithesaurus:Endometrial_Stroma A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35194 FMA:86619 MA:0001836 NCIT:C49212 bronchi lamina propria bronchi lamina propria mucosa bronchi lamina propria mucosae bronchial trunk lamina propria bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae bronchus lamina propria bronchus lamina propria mucosa bronchus lamina propria mucosae lamina propria mucosa of bronchi lamina propria mucosa of bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa of bronchus lamina propria mucosae of bronchi lamina propria mucosae of bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae of bronchus lamina propria of bronchi lamina propria of bronchial trunk bronchial lamina propria lamina propria of bronchus A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bronchi lamina propria OBOL:automatic bronchi lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchi lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk lamina propria OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic bronchus lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic bronchus lamina propria mucosae OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bronchi OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of bronchus OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bronchi OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosae of bronchus OBOL:automatic lamina propria of bronchi OBOL:automatic lamina propria of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic bronchial lamina propria EMAPA:35194 A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. AAO:0010578 BTO:0001764 CALOHA:TS-0676 EHDAA2:0004419 EMAPA:32737 FMA:86666 GAID:1310 MAT:0000066 MESH:D009432 MIAA:0000066 NCIT:C34222 SCTID:361462002 VHOG:0000057 Wikipedia:Neural_crest XAO:0000048 ZFA:0000045 neuronames:1366 NC crista neuralis neural crest material Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. neural crest A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. MP:0009846 NC XAO:0000048 crista neuralis Wikipedia:Neural_crest neural crest material VHOG:0000057 Set of all muscles in abdomen. FMA:71294 FMA:86917 TAO:0001327 ZFA:0001327 abdominal musculature muscle group of abdomen muscles of abdomen musculature of abdomen musculature of abdominal wall set of muscles of abdomen abdomen musculature Set of all muscles in abdomen. OBOL:automatic muscle group of abdomen FMA:71294 muscles of abdomen FMA:71294 musculature of abdominal wall FMA:86917 set of muscles of abdomen FMA:71294 The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. EFO:0002527 EMAPA:18605 FMA:87217 MA:0002572 SCTID:181301002 descending thoracic aorta The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. MP:0009868 Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. AAO:0011074 BILA:0000039 CALOHA:TS-1212 EHDAA2:0001248 EHDAA:1498 EHDAA:255 EMAPA:16073 EV:0100004 FMA:87657 MAT:0000176 MIAA:0000176 NCIT:C34228 TAO:0001120 VHOG:0000150 Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm XAO:0000042 ZFA:0001120 neural ectoderm neuroectoderm epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma neuaral ectoderm presumptive central nervous system ventral neurogenic region neurectoderm Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm ventral neurogenic region VHOG:0000150 A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. EMAPA:18011 FMA:9139 GAID:244 MA:0000314 MESH:D013904 NCIT:C12798 SCTID:181821009 Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae dorsal vertebra thorax vertebra vertebra of thorax vertebra thoracica thoracic vertebra A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. OBOL:automatic thorax vertebra OBOL:automatic vertebra of thorax OBOL:automatic A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. AAO:0010409 EHDAA2:0002202 FMA:9461 NCIT:C13164 TAO:0005057 VHOG:0000119 Wikipedia:Epicardium XAO:0000316 ZFA:0005057 galen:Epicardium heart epicardium visceral serous pericardium of heart visceral serous pericardium proper pericardium visceral mesothelium EDITOR_NOTE TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium -- When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer. epicardium A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 visceral serous pericardium of heart FMA:9461 visceral serous pericardium proper FMA:9461 pericardium visceral mesothelium EMAPA:16589 The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers. AAO:0010410 BSA:0000089 BTO:0000901 CALOHA:TS-0440 EFO:0000819 EHDAA2:0004150 EV:0100022 FMA:9462 GAID:173 MA:0000164 MAT:0000453 MESH:D009206 NCIT:C12371 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 SCTID:362012001 TAO:0001319 VHOG:0000083 Wikipedia:Myocardium XAO:0000065 ZFA:0001319 galen:Myocardium heart myocardium muscle of heart cardiac muscle heart muscle EDITOR_NOTE TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium myocardium The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005329 muscle of heart FMA:9462 cardiac muscle ZFA:0001319 heart muscle FMA:9462 ZFA:0001319 The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]. EFO:0003909 EHDAA2:0004185 EMAPA:35428 EV:0100025 FMA:9476 MA:0000094 MESH:D006329 SCTID:281489000 TAO:0005063 VHOG:0001271 ZFA:0005063 cardiac conducting system cardiac conduction system cardiac impulse conducting system cardionector complexus stimulans cordis heart conduction system impulse conducting system systema conducente cordis central conduction system conducting system of heart The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]. GO:0003161 cardiac conducting system VHOG:0001271 cardiac impulse conducting system GO:0003161 complexus stimulans cordis FMA:9476 FMA:TA heart conduction system GO:0003161 impulse conducting system MA:0000094 systema conducente cordis FMA:9476 FMA:TA The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. BTO:0004358 EHDAA2:0004184 EMAPA:35772 FMA:9477 GAID:561 MA:0000097 MESH:D012849 NCIT:C33555 SCTID:277687007 TAO:0005069 Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node ZFA:0005069 Koch's node SA nodal muscle tissue SA node cardiac pacemaker node of Keith-Flack nodus sinuatrialis sinoatrial node sinu-atrial node sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue sinuatrial node sinus node sinus node of Keith and Flack nodus sinuatrialis WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node. sinoatrial node The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. GO:0003163 Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node Koch's node FMA:9477 SA nodal muscle tissue FMA:9477 SA node FMA:9477 cardiac pacemaker FMA:9477 node of Keith-Flack FMA:9477 nodus sinuatrialis FMA:9477 FMA:TA sinoatrial node FMA:9477 sinu-atrial node FMA:9477 sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue FMA:9477 sinuatrial node FMA:9477 sinus node FMA:9477 sinus node of Keith and Flack FMA:9477 nodus sinuatrialis Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles. BTO:0005689 EFO:0000276 EHDAA2:0004183 EMAPA:35153 FMA:9478 GAID:558 MA:0000095 MAT:0000498 MESH:D001283 NCIT:C32161 SCTID:277688002 TAO:0005070 VHOG:0001474 Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node ZFA:0005070 AV nodal muscle tissue AV node Aschoff-Tawara node atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue node of Tawara nodus atrioventricularis A-V node atrio-ventricular node atriovetricular node downstream pacemaker nodus atrioventricularis atrioventricular node An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node AV nodal muscle tissue FMA:9478 AV node FMA:9478 MA:0000095 Aschoff-Tawara node FMA:9478 atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue FMA:9478 node of Tawara FMA:9478 nodus atrioventricularis FMA:TA A-V node EMAPA:35153 atrio-ventricular node EMAPA:35153 atriovetricular node TAO:0005070 downstream pacemaker ZFA:0005070 nodus atrioventricularis Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. BTO:0001006 CALOHA:TS-2227 EFO:0002805 EMAPA:35931 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 GAID:87 MA:0000030 MESH:D010388 NCIT:C12767 SCTID:229765004 Wikipedia:Pelvis galen:Pelvis lesser pelvis pelvic region pelvis pelvis region true pelvis pelvic region of trunk The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. Wikipedia:Pelvis http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/720 lesser pelvis FMA:9578 pelvis FMA:9578 MA:0000030 true pelvis FMA:9578 Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium. EMAPA:19030 FMA:9582 MA:0002739 SCTID:243954002 Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium serous portion of pericardium pericardium serosum serous pericardium Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium. Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 serous portion of pericardium FMA:9582 pericardium serosum Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]. AAO:0010814 BTO:0001472 CALOHA:TS-2072 EV:0100087 FMA:9584 GAID:18 MA:0000449 MESH:D010537 NCIT:C12770 TAO:0005120 VHOG:0001257 Wikipedia:Peritoneum XAO:0000139 ZFA:0005120 galen:Peritoneum peritonaeum peritoneum A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]. VHOG:0001257 peritonaeum VHOG:0001257 Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]. EMAPA:19029 FMA:9586 MA:0002738 SCTID:243953008 Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium fibrous portion of pericardium pericardium fibrosum fibrous pericardium Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]. FMA:9586 pericardium fibrosum Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. BTO:0000144 CALOHA:TS-1177 EFO:0000867 EMAPA:32660 FMA:9589 GAID:687 MA:0001113 MAT:0000113 MESH:D008578 NCIT:C12348 NLXANAT:090204 TAO:0001355 VHOG:0001295 Wikipedia:Meninx ZFA:0001355 layer of meninges meningeal layer meninx primitiva meninx Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. FMA:9589 Wikipedia:Meninx http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap15.html meninx primitiva VHOG:0001295 Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections. BTO:0001637 CALOHA:TS-2008 EMAPA:32664 FMA:9592 GAID:691 MA:0001115 MESH:D004388 NCIT:C32488 NLXANAT:090206 SCTID:362301008 Wikipedia:Dura_mater neuronames:1462 dura mater of neuraxis pachymeninges dura dura mater Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections. NLXANAT:090206 pachymeninges NLXANAT:090206 dura BTO:0001637 A thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear, consisting of two epithelia (one part of the the external accoustic meatus epithelium, the other part of the tympanic cavity epithelium) with a fibrous layer between them. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles. Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:19062 FMA:9595 GAID:870 MA:0000257 MESH:D014432 NCIT:C12502 SCTID:181180005 VHOG:0001146 Wikipedia:Tympanic_membrane XAO:0000212 Rivinus' membrane ear drum eardrum lateral wall of tympanic cavity membranous wall of tympanic cavity myrinx paries membranaceus cavi tympani tympanum tympanic membrane A thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear, consisting of two epithelia (one part of the the external accoustic meatus epithelium, the other part of the tympanic cavity epithelium) with a fibrous layer between them. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles. Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. [WP,unvetted]. PMID:11237469 Wikipedia:Tympanic_membrane paries membranaceus cavi tympani FMA:9595 FMA:TA tympanum Wikipedia:Tympanic_membrane A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 CALOHA:TS-2012 EHDAA2:0003097 EMAPA:35327 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:D005088 NCIT:C12712 SCTID:115976003 Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland ducted gland glandula exocrina exocrine gland A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland ducted gland AEO:0000097 glandula exocrina Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. BTO:0001129 CALOHA:TS-0828 EFO:0000858 EMAPA:19287 EV:0100104 FMA:9600 GAID:392 MA:0000404 MAT:0000078 MESH:D011467 MIAA:0000078 NCIT:C12410 SCTID:181422007 VHOG:0001261 Wikipedia:Prostate galen:ProstateGland male prostate prostate prostata prostate gland The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. GO:0030850 Wikipedia:Prostate male prostate PMID:10668204 prostata Wikipedia:Prostate Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. AEO:0000098 BTO:0001488 CALOHA:TS-1300 EHDAA2:0003098 EMAPA:35999 FMA:9602 GAID:335 MA:0002563 MESH:D004702 NCIT:C12704 SCTID:40818001 Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland ductless gland glandula endocrina ductless gland glandulae endocrinae endocrine gland Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland ductless gland AEO:0000098 ductless gland Wikipedia:Ductless_gland glandulae endocrinae Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]. AAO:0010551 BTO:0000047 CALOHA:TS-0016 EFO:0000238 EMAPA:18426 EV:0100135 FMA:9604 GAID:446 MA:0000116 MAT:0000071 MESH:D000311 MIAA:0000071 NCIT:C12666 SCTID:181127006 Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland XAO:0000164 galen:AdrenalGland glandula adrenalis glandula suprarenalis adrenal adrenal capsule adrenal medulla cell atrabiliary capsule epinephric gland epinephros glandula suprarenalis interrenal gland suprarenal capsule suprarenal gland adrenal gland Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]. BTO:0000047 Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland glandula adrenalis Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland glandula suprarenalis Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland adrenal BTO:0000047 adrenal capsule BTO:0000047 atrabiliary capsule BTO:0000047 epinephric gland Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland epinephros BTO:0000047 glandula suprarenalis BTO:0000047 interrenal gland GO:0030325 suprarenal capsule BTO:0000047 suprarenal gland Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. AAO:0010548 BTO:0001374 CALOHA:TS-1043 EFO:0000860 EHDAA2:0002017 EHDAA:9119 EMAPA:18768 EV:0100138 FMA:9607 GAID:464 MA:0000142 MAT:0000080 MESH:D013950 MIAA:0000080 NCIT:C12433 SCTID:118507000 TAO:0001078 VHOG:0000253 Wikipedia:Thymus XAO:0000163 ZFA:0001078 thymus gland thymus organ thymus Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. NLM:thymus Wikipedia:Thymus The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. AAO:0011007 BTO:0000141 BTO:0000829 CALOHA:TS-0087 EFO:0000868 EMAPA:32760 EV:0100046 FMA:9608 GAID:1287 MA:0000134 MAT:0000084 MESH:D001853 MIAA:0000084 NCIT:C12431 SCTID:421320006 VHOG:0001218 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow XAO:0000123 galen:BoneMarrow medulla ossea medulla ossium medulla of bone medullary bone bone marrow The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. MGI:cwg MP:0002397 medulla ossea BTO:0000141 FMA:9608 medulla ossium BTO:0000141 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow medulla of bone BTO:0000141 Either of the two small almond-shaped masses of lymph tissue found on either side of the oropharynx. BTO:0001387 CALOHA:TS-1053 EFO:0001401 EMAPA:35871 EV:0100052 FMA:9609 GAID:341 MA:0000143 MESH:D014066 NCIT:C12802 VHOG:0001139 Wikipedia:Tonsil neuronames:671 Mandel tonsil Either of the two small almond-shaped masses of lymph tissue found on either side of the oropharynx. MGI:cwg MP:0002380 Mandel BTO:0001387 Tonsils on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites[WP]. tonsil BTO:0004714 EFO:0001977 EMAPA:35644 EV:0100393 FMA:9610 MA:0000775 MAT:0000291 MIAA:0000291 NCIT:C33250 SCTID:265787001 VHOG:0001140 Wikipedia:Palatine_tonsil faucial tonsil tonsilla palatina palatine tonsil Tonsils on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites[WP]. Wikipedia:Palatine_tonsil tonsilla palatina Wikipedia:Palatine_tonsil A bone that is part of the metacarpal skeleton. EFO:0003886 EMAPA:36158 FMA:9612 MA:0000302 NCIT:C12751 SCTID:181977005 SCTID:425761003 Wikipedia:Metacarpal_bone galen:Metacarpal metacarpal metacarpal bone A bone that is part of the metacarpal skeleton. Wikipedia:Metacarpal_bone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. AAO:0000107 BTO:0000021 EFO:0003524 EHDAA2:0000322 EMAPA:18172 FMA:9616 MA:0000578 SCTID:244718003 ZFA:0001652 cephalic muscle cephalic musculature head muscle head muscle organ muscle of head muscle organ of adult head muscle organ of head musculus caput adult head muscle organ cranial muscle head muscles defined generically so could in theory encompass FBbt:00003260 'skeletal muscle of head', or the muscle of a starfish Aristotle's lantern, but we restrict this to craniates. Skeletal muscles of the head originate from the non-segmented head mesoderm (Noden, 1983; Wachtler et al., 1984) cranial muscle Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cephalic muscle ZFA:0001652 head muscle MA:0000578 head muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle of head FMA:9616 muscle organ of adult head OBOL:automatic muscle organ of head OBOL:automatic adult head muscle organ OBOL:automatic cranial muscle ZFA:0001652 Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. FMA:9617 GAID:149 MA:0000587 MESH:D009334 NCIT:C33163 muscle organ of neck muscle organ of neck (volume) neck (volume) muscle organ neck muscle neck muscle organ muscle of neck Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle organ of neck OBOL:automatic muscle organ of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) muscle organ OBOL:automatic neck muscle organ OBOL:automatic Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. BTO:0001261 EMAPA:35103 FMA:9620 GAID:89 MA:0000520 MESH:D000009 NCIT:C32040 SCTID:361352008 Wikipedia:Abdominal_muscle abdomen muscle abdomen muscle organ abdominal muscle abdominal wall muscle muscle organ of abdomen abdominal wall musculature muscle of abdomen Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis. Wikipedia:Abdominal_muscle abdomen muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of abdomen OBOL:automatic abdominal wall musculature EMAPA:35103 A large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:18183 FMA:9626 MA:0002398 NCIT:C33809 SCTID:181740005 VHOG:0000834 Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle trapezius musculus trapezius spinotrapezius trapezius muscle A large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle musculus trapezius Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle spinotrapezius Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 NCIT:C12374 SCTID:361919005 TAO:0001641 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus Bindegewebe connective tissue Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000017 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/23 portion of connective tissue FMA:9640 Bindegewebe BTO:0000421 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0642 EHDAA2:0003122 EMAPA:32715 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:D009132 NCIT:C12435 SCTID:91727004 Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue galen:MuscleTissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. muscle tissue Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. GO:0060537 Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2801266&group_id=36855&atid=440764 muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue FMA:9641 The middle limb segment of the pectoral free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the forelimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the radius and ulna, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants. BTO:0001447 CALOHA:TS-2205 EFO:0003053 EHDAA2:0000553 EHDAA:4172 EHDAA:6218 EMAPA:17417 FMA:9663 GAID:55 MA:0000034 MESH:D005542 NCIT:C32628 SCTID:362741001 VHOG:0000341 VSAO:0005058 Wikipedia:Forearm galen:Forearm antebrachial region antebrachium antibrachium arm middle limb segment arm zeugopod brachial region middle limb segment brachial region zeugopod forearm forelimb epipodium forelimb zeugopodium forelimb zygopod intermediate segment of free upper limb lower arm lower segment of arm middle limb segment of arm middle limb segment of brachial region middle limb segment of forelimb middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb regio antebrachialis zeugopod of arm zeugopod of brachial region zeugopod of forelimb zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb wing zeugopod antebrachium fore epipodium forelimb zeugopod The middle limb segment of the pectoral free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the forelimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the radius and ulna, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants. PHENOSCAPE:curators antebrachium VSAO:0005058 Wikipedia:Forearm arm middle limb segment OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod OBOL:automatic brachial region middle limb segment OBOL:automatic brachial region zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower arm MA:0000034 middle limb segment of arm OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of brachial region OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of forelimb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic regio antebrachialis FMA:9663 FMA:TA zeugopod of brachial region OBOL:automatic zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic wing zeugopod NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic antebrachium Wikipedia:Forearm Distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits. BTO:0000476 CALOHA:TS-0377 EFO:0003065 EHDAA2:0000546 EMAPA:17459 FMA:9664 GAID:40 MA:0000044 MESH:D005528 NCIT:C32622 SCTID:302545001 VHOG:0000350 Wikipedia:Pes_(anatomy) galen:Foot foot hindlimb autopod hindlimb autopodium hindlimb distal free limb segment pes terminal segment of free lower limb hind foot hind paw hind-paw hindfeet hindfoot hindfoot of quadruped hindpaw hind limb autopodium pes Distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits. Wikipedia:Foot Wikipedia:Pes_(anatomy) foot MA:0000044 hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopodium OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic pes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hind paw EMAPA:17428 OBOL:automatic hind-paw EMAPA:17428 hindfeet hindpaw MA:0000044 hind limb autopodium VHOG:0000350 A digit that is part of a manus (hand). AAO:0000857 BTO:0004669 EHDAA2:0000404 EMAPA:32642 FMA:9666 GAID:57 MA:0000041 MESH:D005385 NCIT:C32608 NLXANAT:20090602 SCTID:283992002 Wikipedia:Finger XAO:0003036 galen:Finger digit of hand digit of manus digitus manus finger fore digit forelimb digit hand digit manual digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue manual digit A digit that is part of a manus (hand). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit of hand FMA:9666 finger FMA:9666 fore digit AAO:0000857 XAO:0003036 hand digit MA:0000041 manual digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. AAO:0011002 BTO:0000570 CALOHA:TS-0449 EFO:0000798 EMAPA:35402 EV:0100045 FMA:9667 GAID:1008 MA:0002434 MAT:0000022 MESH:D006413 MIAA:0000022 NCIT:C12909 SCTID:362587009 TAO:0005023 VHOG:0001624 Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis XAO:0000122 ZFA:0005023 haematological system haemopoietic system organa haemopoietica Blutbildungssystem haematopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hemopoietic system hematopoietic system Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis Blutbildungssystem BTO:0000570 Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP]. BTO:0000855 CALOHA:TS-0580 EFO:0000871 ENVO:02000041 EV:0100049 FMA:9671 GAID:1186 MA:0002520 MAT:0000055 MESH:D008196 MIAA:0000055 NCIT:C13252 VHOG:0001590 Wikipedia:Lymph ZFA:0005658 galen:Lymph lympha lymph Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymph lympha Wikipedia:Lymph The paired channels leading from the lacrimal sacs to the inferior meatus of the nose, through which tears are conducted through the nasal cavity. nasolacrimal duct - posterior naris AAO:0000643 EHDAA2:0001237 EHDAA:7849 EHDAA:9094 EMAPA:17853 FMA:9703 GAID:902 MA:0001299 MESH:D009301 NCIT:C33161 SCTID:280643009 VHOG:0000664 Wikipedia:Nasolacrimal_duct d. nasolacrimalis lacrimal duct tear duct nasolacrimal duct The paired channels leading from the lacrimal sacs to the inferior meatus of the nose, through which tears are conducted through the nasal cavity. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0008969 nasolacrimal duct - posterior naris VHOG:0000664 d. nasolacrimalis Wikipedia:Nasolacrimal_duct lacrimal duct PMID:30285382 tear duct Wikipedia:Nasolacrimal_duct Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. AAO:0011019 BTO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0075 EMAPA:35171 EV:0100091 FMA:9706 GAID:280 MA:0000354 MESH:D001652 NCIT:C12376 SCTID:276157007 TAO:0001100 VHOG:0000212 Wikipedia:Bile_duct XAO:0000134 ZFA:0001100 bile tube biliary duct gall duct hepatic duct bile duct Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. Wikipedia:Bile_duct http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 biliary duct FMA:9706 gall duct BTO:0000122 hepatic duct ZFA:0001100 The triangular flat bone of the nasal septum. AAO:0000633 FMA:9710 MA:0001496 NCIT:C33888 SCTID:272678009 TAO:0000308 Wikipedia:Vomer ZFA:0000308 vomer bone prevomer vomer The triangular flat bone of the nasal septum. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000098 prevomer TAO:0000308 Distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits. AAO:0010803 BTO:0004668 CALOHA:TS-2213 EHDAA2:0000728 EMAPA:17428 FMA:9712 GAID:56 MA:0000037 MESH:D006225 NCIT:C32712 NLXANAT:20090603 SCTID:302539009 VHOG:0000344 Wikipedia:Manus_(anatomy) galen:Hand forelimb autopod forelimb autopodium hand hand region terminal segment of free upper limb fore foot fore paw fore-paw forefeet forefoot forefoot of quadruped forepaw manus Distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits. Wikipedia:Hand Wikipedia:Manus_(anatomy) forelimb autopod OBOL:automatic forelimb autopodium OBOL:automatic hand MA:0000037 hand region EHDAA2:0000728 fore foot fore paw EMAPA:17428 OBOL:automatic fore-paw EMAPA:17428 forefeet forefoot forepaw MA:0000037 The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. EMAPA:16776 FMA:9733 MA:0002488 NCIT:C33273 SCTID:361998003 VHOG:0001495 Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura pleura parietalis the part of the pleura external to the visceral pleura. It lines the inner surface of the chest wall, covers the diaphragm, and is reflected over the structures occupying the middle of the thorax parietal pleura The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae pleura parietalis Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. EHDAA2:0002205 EMAPA:16777 FMA:9734 MA:0002489 NCIT:C33881 SCTID:361997008 VHOG:0001496 pleura pulmonalis pleura visceralis pleura visceralis (pulmonalis) pulmonary visceral pleura lung mesothelium lung pleura pulmonary pleura visceral pleura The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae pleura pulmonalis FMA:9734 FMA:TA pleura visceralis Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura lung mesothelium EHDAA2:0002205 pulmonary pleura FMA:9734 The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. BTO:0004422 EHDAA2:0001475 EMAPA:16773 EMAPA:16774 FMA:9740 GAID:95 MA:0000055 MESH:D035422 NCIT:C12840 SCTID:361999006 VHOG:0000581 Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity cavitas pleuralis cavitum pleuralae cavitum pleurale pleural cavity The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 cavitas pleuralis Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity cavitum pleuralae Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity cavitum pleurale Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. AAO:0011003 BILA:0000104 BTO:0005810 FMA:9825 GAID:328 MA:0002711 MESH:D007107 NCIT:C12735 SCTID:362590003 TAO:0001159 VHOG:0001247 Wikipedia:Immune_system XAO:0003152 ZFA:0001159 immune system Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. Wikipedia:Immune_system A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. FMA:9868 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 SCTID:361326002 pericardium pericardial sac A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. Wikipedia:Pericardium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 The combination of pericardial sac (a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) plus fibrous pericardium. AAO:0010817 BSA:0000090 BTO:0000717 CALOHA:TS-0761 EFO:0000820 EHDAA:5376 EV:0100023 FMA:9869 GAID:569 MA:0000099 MAT:0000454 MESH:D010496 NCIT:C13005 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 SCTID:181295003 VHOG:0001280 Wikipedia:Pericardium XAO:0004182 ZFA:0000054 galen:Pericardium pericardium The combination of pericardial sac (a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) plus fibrous pericardium. Wikipedia:Pericardium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Parietal serous membrane which is part of the pericardium and forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac. EHDAA:3422 EHDAA:5378 EMAPA:19031 FMA:9870 MA:0000483 NCIT:C94500 SCTID:243956000 VHOG:0000537 Wikipedia:Parietal_pericardium lamina parietalis (pericardii serosum) lamina parietalis pericardii parietal layer of serous pericardium parietal pericardium pericardial sac parietal serous pericardium Parietal serous membrane which is part of the pericardium and forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lamina parietalis pericardii FMA:9870 FMA:TA parietal pericardium VHOG:0000537 pericardial sac DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.1013 Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]. BTO:0001016 FMA:9887 MA:0002530 Wikipedia:Pericardial_fluid pericardial fluid Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]. FMA:9887 Wikipedia:Pericardial_fluid The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. AAO:0000033 BIRNLEX:1123 BTO:0002507 CALOHA:TS-2001 EHDA:10095 EHDAA2:0000158 EHDAA:3767 EMAPA:16984 FMA:65553 GAID:706 MA:0000219 MESH:D001341 NCIT:C12673 SCTID:362481007 TAO:0001574 VHOG:0000396 Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system ZFA:0001574 neuronames:2054 autonomic division of peripheral nervous system autonomic part of peripheral nervous system divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici peripheral autonomic nervous system visceral nervous system ANS divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. GO:0048483 autonomic division of peripheral nervous system FMA:65553 autonomic part of peripheral nervous system FMA:65553 divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici FMA:TA pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici FMA:TA peripheral autonomic nervous system FMA:65553 ANS divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system The small, erectile body located at the anterior end of the vulva. BTO:0002020 EHDAA2:0000255 EHDAA:9360 EMAPA:30819 FMA:9909 GAID:385 MA:0000382 MESH:D002987 NCIT:C12308 SCTID:181442003 VHOG:0000700 Wikipedia:Clitoris galen:Clitoris clitoris The small, erectile body located at the anterior end of the vulva. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0003127 The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. AAO:0000691 CALOHA:TS-2352 EFO:0001371 EMAPA:32740 FMA:9914 MA:0000309 NCIT:C12933 SCTID:181817002 TAO:0001189 Wikipedia:Vertebra XAO:0004019 ZFA:0001189 galen:Vertebra vertebra bone vertebrae vertebra The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000184 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vertebrae PHENOSCAPE:ad A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column. EMAPA:17674 FMA:9915 GAID:235 MA:0000311 MESH:D002574 NCIT:C12693 SCTID:181820005 Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae XAO:0003076 galen:CervicalVertebra cervical vertebrae vertebrae cervicales cervical vertebra A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cervical vertebrae vertebrae cervicales Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. CALOHA:TS-2364 EMAPA:18007 FMA:9921 GAID:240 MA:0000312 MESH:D008159 NCIT:C12744 SCTID:181822002 Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae galen:LumbarVertebra lumbar vertebra Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. AEO:0000154 BILA:0000118 CALOHA:TS-1299 CARO:0002001 EFO:0000807 EHDAA2:0000836 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003154 EHDAA:6520 EMAPA:17524 EV:0100151 FMA:72979 HAO:0000421 MA:0000014 MAT:0000033 MESH:D034582 MIAA:0000033 NCIT:C12907 SCTID:361692004 TADS:0000108 VHOG:0000403 Wikipedia:Integumentary_system XAO:0000176 galen:Surface integumentary system body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface integumental system Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. CARO:0002001 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/29 integumentary system FMA:72979 dermal system MIAA:0000033 integumentum commune Wikipedia:Integumentary_system organism surface EHDAA2:0003154 surface BILA:0000118 The abdominal segment of the torso. EMAPA:35104 FMA:259211 MA:0000021 SCTID:362875007 Wikipedia:Lumbar abdomen/pelvis/perineum lower body lower trunk lumbar region abdominal segment of trunk The abdominal segment of the torso. Wikipedia:Lumbar abdomen/pelvis/perineum MA:0000021 lower body MA:0000021 lower trunk FMA:259211 lumbar region https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. AAO:0000060 AEO:0000087 BTO:0000206 EFO:0000949 EHDAA2:0003087 EMAPA:32730 EV:0100141 FMA:37377 GAID:99 MA:0000104 MAT:0000189 MESH:D002356 MIAA:0000189 NCIT:C12373 NCIT:C32268 SCTID:309312004 TAO:0001501 VHOG:0001207 VSAO:0000040 Wikipedia:Cartilage XAO:0000170 ZFA:0005622 galen:Cartilage cartilage tissue cartilaginous tissue chondrogenic tissue cartilage cartilages portion of cartilage tissue Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] cartilage tissue Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000040 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/37 https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/vertebrate-skeletal-anatomy-vsao-term-requests/5 cartilage tissue FMA:37377 chondrogenic tissue VSAO:0000040 cartilages VHOG:0001207 portion of cartilage tissue FMA:37377 A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35774 FMA:71878 MA:0000146 SCTID:110485007 glandulae cutis set of skin glands skin glands skin glands set skin gland A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic glandulae cutis FMA:71878 FMA:TA set of skin glands FMA:71878 skin glands skin glands set Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large irregularly shaped cavity located on the midline of the rhombencephalon, between the medulla, pons and the isthmus ventrally and the cerebellum dorsally. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct anteriorally and the central canal of the spinal cord posteriorly. It communicates with the subarachnoid space through its lateral and median apertures. AAO:0011043 BAMS:4V BAMS:V4 BIRNLEX:1256 BM:Pons-4V BTO:0003426 CALOHA:TS-2015 DHBA:10669 DHBA:12805 DMBA:126651782 EHDAA2:0000100 EHDAA:896 EMAPA:16917 EV:0100310 FMA:78469 GAID:610 HBA:9421 MA:0000196 MBA:145 MESH:D020546 NCIT:C12828 SCTID:180932000 TAO:0000110 VHOG:0000006 Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle XAO:0003099 ZFA:0000110 neuronames:621 ventricle IV rhombencephalic vesicle 4th ventricle IVth ventricle fourth ventricle proper hindbrain ventricle rhombencephalic ventricle ventricle of hindbrain ventricle of rhombencephalon ventriculus quartus fourth ventricle Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large irregularly shaped cavity located on the midline of the rhombencephalon, between the medulla, pons and the isthmus ventrally and the cerebellum dorsally. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct anteriorally and the central canal of the spinal cord posteriorly. It communicates with the subarachnoid space through its lateral and median apertures. BIRNLEX:1256 ventricle IV ZFA:0000110 rhombencephalic vesicle ZFA:0000110 4th ventricle MA:0000196 IVth ventricle VHOG:0000006 fourth ventricle proper BAMS:V4 hindbrain ventricle VHOG:0000006 rhombencephalic ventricle VHOG:0000006 ventricle of hindbrain BTO:0003426 ventricle of rhombencephalon BTO:0003426 ventriculus quartus Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system. AAO:0011056 CALOHA:TS-1308 EFO:0000800 EHDAA2:0000998 EHDAA:2189 EMAPA:16840 EV:0100088 MA:0000324 MAT:0000024 MIAA:0000024 NCIT:C43612 TAO:0000036 VHOG:0000294 Wikipedia:Hepatobiliary_system XAO:0000132 ZFA:0000036 hepaticobiliary system liver and biliary system liver/biliary system hepatobiliary system The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hepaticobiliary system GO:0061008 An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. AAO:0010357 BTO:0001775 CALOHA:TS-0715 EHDAA2:0001325 EHDAA:2187 EMAPA:16839 EMAPA:26942 FMA:265152 MA:0000344 NCIT:C49595 TAO:0000816 VHOG:0000187 XAO:0003201 ZFA:0000816 epithelium of mucosa of mouth epithelium of oral mucosa oral epithelium An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 epithelium of mucosa of mouth FMA:265152 epithelium of oral mucosa FMA:265152 Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. EMAPA:19032 FMA:84882 MA:0000484 SCTID:243955001 VHOG:0000538 Wikipedia:Visceral_pericardium lamina visceralis pericardii serosi serous visceral pericardium visceral lamina of serous pericardium visceral layer of serous pericardium visceral pericardium epicardium pericardium visceral mesothelium visceral serous pericardium Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]. Wikipedia:Visceral_pericardium lamina visceralis pericardii serosi Wikipedia:Epicardium visceral pericardium VHOG:0000538 epicardium MA:0000484 pericardium visceral mesothelium EMAPA:16589 Any muscle organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000508 CALOHA:TS-1037 EMAPA:17747 FMA:9619 MA:0000548 anterior thoracic region muscle organ anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ chest muscle organ front of thorax muscle organ muscle of thorax muscle organ of anterior thoracic region muscle organ of anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ of chest muscle organ of front of thorax musculus thoracicus thoracic muscle chest muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region muscle organ OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ OBOL:automatic chest muscle organ OBOL:automatic front of thorax muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle of thorax FMA:9619 muscle organ of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic muscle organ of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic muscle organ of chest OBOL:automatic muscle organ of front of thorax OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000596 NCIT:C52754 skin of arm brachial region skin arm skin A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic skin of arm OBOL:automatic brachial region skin OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0000945 MAT:0000151 MIAA:0000151 NCIT:C32223 SCTID:304149004 bone of extremity bone of limb free limb bone limb bone A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bone of limb OBOL:automatic free limb bone UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:61213 MA:0000736 NCIT:C32298 SCTID:181757009 Wikipedia:Cervical_lymph_nodes lymph node of neck cervical lymph node Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cervical_lymph_node FMA:65265 MA:0001175 right axillary neural trunk trunk of right axillary nerve circumflex nerve trunk axillary nerve trunk trunk of right axillary nerve FMA:65265 circumflex nerve trunk MA:0001175 A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17828 FMA:76550 MA:0001237 blood vessel of choroid blood vessel of choroid coat blood vessel of choroidea blood vessel of posterior uvea choroid blood vessel choroid blood vessels choroid blood vessels set choroid coat blood vessel choroidea blood vessel posterior uvea blood vessel vasa sanguinea choroideae set of choroid blood vessels cannot find singular in FMA, using Set class choroidal blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroid OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroid coat OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroidea OBOL:automatic blood vessel of posterior uvea OBOL:automatic choroid blood vessel OBOL:automatic choroid coat blood vessel OBOL:automatic choroidea blood vessel OBOL:automatic posterior uvea blood vessel OBOL:automatic vasa sanguinea choroideae FMA:76550 FMA:TA set of choroid blood vessels FMA:76550 A large sesamoid bone found in the distal femur/proximal tibial region of the hindlimb of tetrapods. The patella is the attachment site for proximal hindlimb tendons.[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. EMAPA:35668 FMA:24485 GAID:203 MA:0001374 MESH:D010329 NCIT:C33282 SCTID:182083008 Wikipedia:Patella galen:Patella knee bone knee cap patella The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella has convergently evolved in placental mammals and birds; marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae. In more primitive tetrapods, including living amphibians and reptiles, the muscle tendons from the upper leg are attached directly to the tibia, and the patella is not present. See also: fabella. patella A large sesamoid bone found in the distal femur/proximal tibial region of the hindlimb of tetrapods. The patella is the attachment site for proximal hindlimb tendons.[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. PHENOSCAPE:ad https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834 knee bone FMA:24485 knee cap Wikipedia:Patella patella Wikipedia:Patella The maternal uterine-derived portion of the placenta. BTO:0001360 CALOHA:TS-0193 EMAPA:35269 FMA:85538 GAID:378 MA:0001722 MAT:0000290 MESH:D003656 MIAA:0000290 NCIT:C32425 SCTID:362842004 Wikipedia:Decidua decidous membrane decidua basalis endometrium extraembryonic part of placenta extraembryonic placenta maternal decidual layer maternal part of placenta maternal placenta placenta maternal decidual layer uterine decidua decidua The maternal uterine-derived portion of the placenta. MP:0004256 PMID:11433360 decidous membrane FMA:85538 extraembryonic part of placenta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 extraembryonic placenta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 maternal decidual layer MP:0004256 maternal part of placenta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 maternal placenta EMAPA:35269 GOC:dph uterine decidua BTO:0001360 The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus. BTO:0003433 BTO:0004518 EMAPA:29919 MA:0001726 NCIT:C33842 SCTID:361377009 Wikipedia:Uterine_glands endometrial gland endometrial mucuous gland endometrium gland glandulae uterinae uterine gland glandulae uterinae endometrial gland The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus. Wikipedia:Uterine_glands endometrial gland BTO:0003433 glandulae uterinae FMA:71647 FMA:TA glandulae uterinae Wikipedia:Uterine_glands An artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0000880 EHDAA:8585 EMAPA:18617 FMA:3960 MA:0001982 MA:0001984 NCIT:C52941 SCTID:244239009 Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery internal mammary artery internal thoracic mammary artery arteria mammaria interna arteria thoracica interna mammary artery internal thoracic artery An artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery internal mammary artery MA:0001982 arteria mammaria interna Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery arteria thoracica interna Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery mammary artery EMAPA:18617 The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries. EHDAA2:0000882 EHDAA:4340 EMAPA:17616 MA:0001985 SCTID:360401001 TAO:0001061 VHOG:0000225 XAO:0004165 ZFA:0001061 intersegmental artery intersegmental arteries intersomitic artery The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries. MP:0010662 intersegmental artery ZFA:0001061 intersegmental arteries ZFA:0001061 Arteries that supply the spinal cord. EHDAA2:0001890 EHDAA:4355 EMAPA:18241 MA:0002043 NCIT:C33587 SCTID:244228006 TAO:0000682 Wikipedia:Spinal_artery ZFA:0000682 spinal arteries spinal artery Arteries that supply the spinal cord. Wikipedia:Spinal_artery https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 spinal arteries ZFA:0000682 A tributary of the iliac vein that drains the urinary bladder. MA:0002263 SCTID:12683000 Wikipedia:Vesical_veins venae vesicales vesical veins vesical veins set vesical vein A tributary of the iliac vein that drains the urinary bladder. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Vesical_veins venae vesicales FMA:70911 FMA:TA vesical veins BTO:0000927 EHDAA:4675 EMAPA:16986 FMA:14383 FMA:5913 MA:0000229 MA:0002408 SCTID:281248001 peripheral nerve trunk trunk of nerve trunk of peripheral nerve nerve trunk peripheral nerve trunk EMAPA:16986 The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP]. EHDAA2:0001043 EHDAA:8677 FMA:74594 GAID:931 MA:0002435 MAT:0000197 MIAA:0000197 NCIT:C12746 SCTID:362589007 TAO:0000385 VHOG:0000842 Wikipedia:Lymphoid_system XAO:0003199 ZFA:0000385 lymphatic system lymphatic circulatory system lymphatic drainage system systema lymphoideum lymphoid system The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP]. Wikipedia:Lymphoid_system lymphatic system ZFA:0000385 lymphatic circulatory system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lymphatic drainage system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 systema lymphoideum Wikipedia:Lymphoid_system Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. BTO:0000644 FMA:62974 GAID:1162 MA:0002515 MESH:D007419 NCIT:C32875 Wikipedia:Succus_entericus intestinal secretion succus entericus intestinal juice intestine secretion Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine. Wikipedia:Succus_entericus intestinal secretion FMA:62974 succus entericus Wikipedia:Succus_entericus intestinal juice BTO:0000644 A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002859 EMAPA:26981 FMA:62996 MA:0002680 NCIT:C32538 SCTID:362127004 esophageal mucosa esophageal mucous membrane esophagus mucosa esophagus mucous membrane lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae mucosa of esophagus mucosa of oesophagus mucous membrane of esophagus mucous membrane of oesophagus oesophageal mucosa oesophagus mucosa oesophagus mucous membrane tunica mucosa esophagi tunica mucosa oesophageae tunica mucosa oesophagi muscularis mucosae of oesophagus tunica mucosa oesophagi esophagus mucosa A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophagus mucosa FMA:62996 esophagus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae FMA:62996 FMA:TA mucosa of esophagus OBOL:automatic mucosa of oesophagus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oesophagus FMA:62996 oesophageal mucosa FMA:62996 oesophagus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa oesophageae FMA:62996 FMA:TA muscularis mucosae of oesophagus FMA:62996 tunica mucosa oesophagi BTO:0002859 Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot. autopod BTO:0004359 EFO:0000877 EMAPA:32722 FMA:83015 MA:0002714 MAT:0000091 MIAA:0000091 NCIT:C77660 SCTID:95936004 autopodial limb segment autopodial segment autopodium autopodium region distal free limb segment distal segment of free limb autopodial element distal segment of limb manus/pes paw paw/hand/foot/hoof pod autopod region Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/303 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 autopod MA:0002714 autopodial limb segment MA:th distal free limb segment FMA:83015 distal segment of free limb FMA:83015 distal segment of limb EMAPA:32722 The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus). middle part of limb EFO:0000878 FMA:83016 MA:0002716 MAT:0000092 MIAA:0000092 epipodium middle free limb segment middle limb segment zeugopod limb segment zeugopodial limb segment zeugopodium zygopod zygopodium middle segment of free limb There exists some controversy about which podial segments are present in some fishes, e.g. if the autopod is not newly evolved in tetrapods, there is a question as to which segments are actually present in basal vertebrate taxa.[PHENOSCAPE:curators] zeugopod The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus). PHENOSCAPE:curators https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/101 epipodium MA:th middle free limb segment FMA:83016 zeugopod limb segment MA:th zeugopodial limb segment MA:th middle segment of free limb FMA:83016 The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton. proximal part of limb EFO:0000879 FMA:83014 MA:0002717 MAT:0000093 MIAA:0000093 propodium proximal free limb segment stylopodial limb segment stylopodium proximal segment of free limb stylopod The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 propodium MA:th proximal free limb segment FMA:83014 stylopodial limb segment MA:th proximal segment of free limb FMA:83014 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. CALOHA:TS-2011 EMAPA:35179 FMA:224804 MA:0002780 MESH:D001842 NCIT:C13076 VSAO:0000047 Wikipedia:Bone_tissue XAO:0004040 ZFA:0005621 galen:BoneTissue calcium tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue mineralized bone tissue bone portion of bone tissue bone tissue Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000047 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 osteogenic tissue VSAO:curator mineralized bone tissue XAO:0004040 bone MESH:A02.835.232 portion of bone tissue FMA:224804 The minute canals that pass the prostatic secretions to the urethra. EMAPA:36568 FMA:19580 MA:0002785 NCIT:C13102 SCTID:362276000 Wikipedia:Prostatic_ducts duct of prostate duct of prostate gland prostate duct prostate gland duct prostatic duct prostate duct The minute canals that pass the prostatic secretions to the urethra. MP:0009734 2 A suture that connects the two frontal bones of the skull. EMAPA:19226 EMAPA:35358 FMA:52989 MA:0002796 SCTID:136854008 Wikipedia:Frontal_suture frontal suture of skull median frontal suture sutura frontalis sutura metopica metopic suture sutura frontalis frontal suture A suture that connects the two frontal bones of the skull. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 sutura frontalis Wikipedia:Frontal_suture sutura metopica FMA:52989 FMA:TA metopic suture MA:0002796 sutura frontalis Wikipedia:Frontal_suture BTO:0004256 EMAPA:35503 FMA:7474 MA:0002802 NCIT:C33003 SCTID:332709000 Wikipedia:Long_bone galen:LongBone os longum Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251] long bone os longum BTO:0004256 Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa. AAO:0000826 EMAPA:25119 FMA:23260 GAID:187 MA:0002805 MESH:D000174 NCIT:C32048 SCTID:181911000 VSAO:0005067 Wikipedia:Acromion acromion process scapular acromion acromion of scapula acromion of the scapula acromion Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa. VSAO:0005067 acromion process VSAO:0005067 scapular acromion VSAO:0005067 acromion of scapula Wikipedia:Acromion acromion of the scapula Wikipedia:Acromion A rough elevation at the middle of the lateral side of the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. AAO:0000736 EMAPA:25052 FMA:23418 MA:0002808 Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity crista ventralis deltoid crest deltoid eminence deltoid impression deltoid tuberosity deltoid tuberosity of humerus tuberositas deltoidea tuberositas deltoidea (corpus humeri) tuberositas deltoidea humeri crista ventralis humeri deltoid process pectoral process deltopectoral crest A rough elevation at the middle of the lateral side of the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0004353 crista ventralis AAO:0000736 deltoid crest AAO:0000736 MP:0004353 deltoid eminence MP:0004353 deltoid impression MP:0004353 deltoid tuberosity FMA:23418 deltoid tuberosity of humerus FMA:23418 tuberositas deltoidea FMA:23418 FMA:TA tuberositas deltoidea humeri Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity crista ventralis humeri AAO:0000736 deltoid process MP:0004353 An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35447 FMA:58517 MA:0002826 epithelial tissue of iris epithelium of iris epithelium pigmentosum (iris) epithelium pigmentosum iridis iris epithelial tissue iris epithelium pigmented epithelium of iris iris pigmented epithelium iris epithelium An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of iris OBOL:automatic epithelium of iris OBOL:automatic epithelium pigmentosum (iris) FMA:58517 epithelium pigmentosum iridis FMA:58517 FMA:TA iris epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic iris epithelium FMA:58517 pigmented epithelium of iris FMA:58517 iris pigmented epithelium MA:0002826 A lymph node that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35992 FMA:12787 MA:0002827 SCTID:245342005 abdomen lymph node lymph node of abdomen parietal abdominal lymph node abdominal lymph node A lymph node that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdomen lymph node OBOL:automatic parietal abdominal lymph node FMA:12787 The lymph nodes located in the mesentery, of which there are 3 classes: ileocolic, juxtaintestinal mesenteric, and central superior group. BTO:0000767 EMAPA:35561 FMA:12795 MA:0002829 NCIT:C77641 Wikipedia:Mesenteric_lymph_nodes mesenteric node nodi lymphoidei mesenterici mesenteric lymph node The lymph nodes located in the mesentery, of which there are 3 classes: ileocolic, juxtaintestinal mesenteric, and central superior group. MP:0005232 nodi lymphoidei mesenterici BTO:0000767 Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. AAO:0010776 AEO:0000083 BTO:0002157 EHDAA2:0003083 FMA:24321 TAO:0001591 VSAO:0000145 XAO:0004018 ZFA:0001591 ossified chondrogenic bone cartilaginous bone endochondral bones endochondral bone Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. GO:0001958 GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000145 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/54 ossified chondrogenic bone VSAO:0000145 cartilaginous bone BTO:0002157 endochondral bones ZFA:0001591 Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. EMAPA:36615 TAO:0001644 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification ZFA:0001635 intramembranous bones membrane bone intramembranous bone Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. GO:0001957 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 intramembranous bones ZFA:0001635 membrane bone AEO:0000085 The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. FMA:52801 MA:0002840 MESH:D019291 MFMO:0000044 NCIT:C12493 SCTID:181890004 Wikipedia:Base_of_skull base of cranium base of skull basis cranii cranial base The skull base is formed from a series of cartilages either side of, and rostral to, the notochord, whose tip lies just caudal to the pituitary gland. It is closely associated with the sensory capsules, which partially or completely sur- round the olfactory epithelium, the eye, and the inner ear[PMID:11523816] basicranium The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. Wikipedia:Base_of_skull base of skull FMA:52801 basis cranii FMA:52801 FMA:TA Wikipedia:Base_of_skull cranial base FMA:52801 MA:0002840 Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. FMA:20113 GAID:926 MA:0002853 MESH:D004547 NCIT:C32495 SCTID:27197004 Wikipedia:Elastic_fiber elastic connective tissue textus connectivus elasticus elastic fiber elastic tissue Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 textus connectivus elasticus The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002011 EMAPA:36298 FMA:55590 GAID:170 MA:0002855 MESH:D017540 NCIT:C33821 SCTID:61695000 Wikipedia:Tunica_media tunica media vasorum May be composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue tunica media The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Tunica_media tunica media vasorum BTO:0002011 Wikipedia:Tunica_media The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. BTO:0002012 EMAPA:36297 FMA:55589 GAID:523 MA:0002861 MESH:D017539 NCIT:C33820 SCTID:8361002 SCTID:87483006 Wikipedia:Tunica_intima Bichat's tunic intima tunica intima vasorum tunica intima The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 NCIT:C33820 Wikipedia:Tunica_intima Bichat's tunic BTO:0002012 intima BTO:0002012 tunica intima vasorum BTO:0002012 A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:16626 MA:0002881 NCIT:C77642 SCTID:276170003 lymph node of pancreas pancreas lymph node pancreatic node aJCC level 19 node pyloric lymph node pancreatic lymph node A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lymph node of pancreas OBOL:automatic pancreas lymph node OBOL:automatic aJCC level 19 node FMA:16626 pyloric lymph node MA:0002881 A lymph node located in the sacral region. FMA:16655 MA:0002883 NCIT:C77647 SCTID:279797001 Wikipedia:Sacral_lymph_nodes sacral node sacral lymph node A lymph node located in the sacral region. ncithesaurus:Sacral_Lymph_Node A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. FMA:241863 MA:0002889 NCIT:C38630 free limb segment segment of limb subdivision of limb extremity part limb region region of limb limb segment A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 free limb segment FMA:241863 An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EMAPA:18425 FMA:7146 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MA:0003038 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 NCIT:C13319 SCTID:134358001 Wikipedia:Gland WikipediaCategory:Glands galen:Gland glandular organ Druese glandula gland An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. MGI:csmith MP:0002163 glandular organ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Druese BTO:0000522 glandula BTO:0000522 Wikipedia:Gland In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. BTO:0004593 FMA:296704 MAT:0000067 MIAA:0000067 VHOG:0000243 Wikipedia:Epiblast epiblast blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm epiblast (generic) In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Epiblast ZFIN:curator epiblast VHOG:0000243 ectoblast MP:0003886 epiblastus Wikipedia:Epiblast primitive ectoderm VHOG:0000243 A gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects[WP]. BTO:0000981 EFO:0000971 MAT:0000165 MIAA:0000165 WBbt:0005178 Wikipedia:Ovotestis hermaphrodite genitalia glandula hermaphroditica hermaphrodite gland ovotestis hermaphrodite gonad A gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects[WP]. Wikipedia:Ovotestis hermaphrodite genitalia GO:0040035 glandula hermaphroditica Wikipedia:Ovotestis#In_gastropods hermaphrodite gland Wikipedia:Ovotestis#In_gastropods ovotestis BTO:0000981 One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. AAO:0010359 BTO:0001785 EFO:0000959 EHDAA:571 EMAPA:16117 FMA:293015 GAID:1292 MAT:0000242 MESH:D001934 MIAA:0000242 NCIT:C34249 SCTID:308766004 TAO:0001306 VHOG:0000155 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch XAO:0000096 ZFA:0001306 pharyngeal arches branchial arch arcus pharyngei visceral arch pharyngeal arch One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. PMID:16313389 ZFA:yb http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pharyngeal arches branchial arch BTO:0001785 MP:0002884 arcus pharyngei Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans). AAO:0011126 EFO:0000881 EMAPA:32725 MA:0000690 MAT:0000285 MIAA:0000285 NCIT:C40186 SCTID:361367007 VHOG:0000944 Wikipedia:Digit_(anatomy) XAO:0003032 galen:Digit acropodial unit digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue limb digit digit A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/420 digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb digit MA:0000690 Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. ectodermal placode placode AAO:0010466 EFO:0001650 MAT:0000369 MIAA:0000369 XAO:0000305 ectodermal cranial placode cranial placodes cranial placode Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175/ https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/135 https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/4 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/xenopus-anatomy-xao-term-requests/11/ ectodermal placode FMA:293966 PMID:22512454 placode Wikipedia:Placode ectodermal cranial placode UBERON:cjm cranial placodes XAO:0000305 Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity BIRNLEX:1011 FMA:67552 MA:0002447 NCIT:C34007 galen:Cavity anatomical cavity Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. FMA:67552 BIRNLEX:1019 FMA:12237 SCTID:362606005 cavity of organ organ cavity cavity of organ FMA:12237 The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube. BIRNLEX:1029 FMA:75007 cavity of neuraxis cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis neuraxis cavity neuraxis lumen lumen of central nervous system The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cavity of neuraxis FMA:75007 cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis FMA:75007 neuraxis cavity FMA:75007 Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. BIRNLEX:1167 FMA:55676 NCIT:C13031 SCTID:384763002 anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part neuraxis segment neuroanatomical region segment of brain regional part of brain Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. BIRNLEX:1167 anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment FMA:55676 segment of brain BIRNLEX:1167 A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region. BIRNLEX:1499 FMA:71166 MA:0003081 NCIT:C12892 SCTID:180960003 neuronames:1654 cervical segment of spinal cord cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] cervical spinal cord pars cervicalis medullae spinalis segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 cervical spinal cord A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region. OBOL:automatic cervical segment of spinal cord FMA:71166 cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] FMA:71166 cervical spinal cord FMA:71166 pars cervicalis medullae spinalis FMA:71166 FMA:TA segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 FMA:71166 FMA:TA A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellar cortex [Automatically generated definition]. BIRNLEX:1571 FMA:76924 cerebellar cortical segment segment of cerebellar cortex regional part of cerebellar cortex A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellar cortex [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cerebellar cortical segment FMA:76924 segment of cerebellar cortex BIRNLEX:1571 BIRNLEX:1704 FMA:71168 MA:0003083 NCIT:C12895 SCTID:180962006 Wikipedia:Lumbar_spinal_cord neuronames:1677 lumbar segment of spinal cord lumbar segments of spinal cord [1-5] lumbar spinal cord pars lumbalis medullae spinalis segmenta lumbalia medullae spinalis [1-5] spinal cord lumbar segment lumbar spinal cord lumbar segment of spinal cord FMA:71168 lumbar segments of spinal cord [1-5] FMA:71168 lumbar spinal cord FMA:71168 pars lumbalis medullae spinalis FMA:71168 FMA:TA segmenta lumbalia medullae spinalis [1-5] FMA:71168 FMA:TA spinal cord lumbar segment MA:0003083 Nucleus forming a longitudinal cell column in the medulla, close beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle, containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the tongue (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 453). BAMS:12 BAMS:12N BAMS:XII BIRNLEX:2644 BM:XII DHBA:12545 EHDAA2:0004635 EMAPA:35416 EV:0100286 FMA:54505 HBA:9557 MA:0001039 MBA:773 NCIT:C12899 SCTID:47361005 VHOG:0001358 Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nucleus ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Hypoglossal_Nerve hypoglossal XII nucleus hypoglossal nerve nucleus hypoglossal nucleus nucleus nervi hypoglossi nucleus of hypoglossal nerve twelfth cranial nerve nucleus nucleus hypoglossalis nucleus nervi hypoglossi hypoglossal nucleus Nucleus forming a longitudinal cell column in the medulla, close beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle, containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the tongue (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 453). BIRNLEX:2644 hypoglossal XII nucleus MA:0001039 hypoglossal nerve nucleus FMA:54505 hypoglossal nucleus FMA:54505 nucleus nervi hypoglossi FMA:54505 FMA:TA nucleus of hypoglossal nerve FMA:54505 twelfth cranial nerve nucleus FMA:54505 nucleus hypoglossalis NeuroNames:757 nucleus nervi hypoglossi Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex. BM:V BTO:0001074 CALOHA:TS-2077 EMAPA:35883 EV:0100271 FMA:71247 GAID:604 MA:0001028 MESH:D014278 NCIT:C12807 SCTID:280164007 VHOG:0001353 http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/nifext_11 nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex trigeminal V nucleus trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus trigeminal nucleus nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis trigeminal nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex. OBOL:automatic nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex FMA:71247 trigeminal V nucleus MA:0001028 trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus FMA:71247 trigeminal nucleus FMA:71248 nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini BTO:0001074 nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis BTO:0001074 nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis BTO:0001074 A sensory epithelium that is part of a gustatory system. FMA:62412 http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/nifext_12 gustatory epithelium A sensory epithelium that is part of a gustatory system. OBOL:automatic Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). BAMS:PTg BIRNLEX:923 DHBA:12416 FMA:71108 HBA:9135 SCTID:362401009 Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum dorsal pons dorsal portion of pons tegmental portion of pons tegmentum of pons tegmentum pontis pars dorsalis pontis pars posterior pontis tegmentum pontis pontine tegmentum Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). BIRNLEX:923 dorsal portion of pons FMA:71108 tegmental portion of pons FMA:71108 tegmentum of pons FMA:71108 tegmentum pontis FMA:71108 FMA:TA pars dorsalis pontis NeuroNames:557 pars posterior pontis NeuroNames:557 tegmentum pontis Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. AAO:0011127 FMA:86461 Wikipedia:Septum septa general anatomical term in FMA septum A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. Wikipedia:Septum septa The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. BIRNLEX:966 FMA:71167 MA:0003082 NCIT:C12894 SCTID:278750009 Wikipedia:Thoracic_spinal_cord neuronames:1718 pars thoracica medullae spinalis segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] thoracic region of spinal cord thoracic segment of spinal cord thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] thoracic spinal cord thoracic spinal cord The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Thoracic_spinal_cord pars thoracica medullae spinalis FMA:71167 FMA:TA segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12] FMA:71167 FMA:TA thoracic region of spinal cord FMA:71167 thoracic segment of spinal cord FMA:71167 thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12] FMA:71167 thoracic spinal cord FMA:71167 A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. AAO:0011076 EFO:0003420 EHDAA2:0001232 EHDAA:1504 EMAPA:16543 FMA:293971 TAO:0000048 VHOG:0000186 Wikipedia:Nasal_placode XAO:0000005 ZFA:0000048 olfactory placodes placoda nasalis placoda olfactoria nasal I placode nasal placode Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest // Note that NBK53171 classifies this as non-neurogenic olfactory placode A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. Wikipedia:Nasal_placode XAO:0000005 olfactory placodes placoda nasalis placoda olfactoria An epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP]. AAO:0011080 BTO:0002661 EHDAA2:0001342 EMAPA:16669 FMA:302920 NCIT:C34240 SCTID:308792006 TAO:0000051 VHOG:0001148 Wikipedia:Otic_vesicle XAO:0000006 ZFA:0000051 otic vesicle OV acoustic vesicle auditory vesicle otocyst ear vesicle An epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP]. MP:0009806 Wikipedia:Otic_vesicle otic vesicle MP:0004311 acoustic vesicle VHOG:0001148 auditory vesicle BTO:0002661 otocyst MP:0004311 The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. AAO:0011064 DMBA:16810 EHDAA2:0004395 EHDAA:5789 EMAPA:32857 NCIT:C93172 TAO:0000042 VHOG:0000649 XAO:0000016 ZFA:0000042 neuronames:2076 MHB mid-hindbrain boundary mid-hindbrain junction midbrain hindbrain boundary isthmic organizer territory isthmo-cerebellar region isthmus isthmus/MHB midbrain-hindbrain boundary The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. GO:0021555 isthmic organizer territory XAO:0000016 isthmo-cerebellar region VHOG:0000649 isthmus/MHB Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 The outermost layer (or layers, depending on the species) of embryonic skin, essential for the development of the epidermis and establishment of the barrier functions. The periderm derives from the outer layer of the ectoderm. EHDAA2:0001846 EHDAA:6538 FMA:295662 NCIT:C34247 TAO:0001185 VHOG:0001680 XAO:0000029 ZFA:0001185 EVL enveloping layer epitrichium periderm The outermost layer (or layers, depending on the species) of embryonic skin, essential for the development of the epidermis and establishment of the barrier functions. The periderm derives from the outer layer of the ectoderm. ISBN:9780878932504 PMID:25133425 PMID:35582825 EVL ZFA:0001185 enveloping layer ZFA:0001185 epitrichium MP:0013530 PMID:28722897 The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. AAO:0011084 TAO:0007016 VHOG:0001200 XAO:0000045 ZFA:0007016 anterior neural plate pre-chordal neural plate The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. TAO:0007017 VHOG:0001201 XAO:0000046 ZFA:0007017 posterior neural plate chordal neural plate The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. AAO:0011086 EFO:0001982 EMAPA:16189 EMAPA:16752 TAO:0000279 VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 ZFA:0000279 segmental plate unsegmented paraxial mesoderm PSM presumptive somite mesoderm somitogenic mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm unsegmented mesenchyme presomitic mesoderm Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. ZFIN:curator unsegmented paraxial mesoderm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 somitomeric mesoderm GO:0002075 unsegmented mesenchyme VHOG:0000559 In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. AAO:0011088 NCIT:C34279 SCTID:361406002 TAO:0000150 Wikipedia:Pronephric_duct XAO:0000063 ZFA:0000150 archinephric duct ductus pronephricus pronephric ducts The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney[GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:15647339, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150] pronephric duct In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. Wikipedia:Pronephric_duct archinephric duct VHOG:0000082 ductus pronephricus Wikipedia:Pronephric_duct pronephric ducts ZFA:0000150 Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. ventral lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011006 EFO:0003489 EHDAA:207 NCIT:C34113 TAO:0000094 TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 VHOG:0000085 Wikipedia:Blood_island_of_umbilical_vesicle XAO:0000067 ZFA:0000094 blood islands VBI caudal hematopoietic tissue posterior ICM posterior blood island ventral blood island blood island Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. Wikipedia:Blood_island_of_umbilical_vesicle blood islands A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. head mesenchyme head mesoderm AAO:0011085 EHDAA2:0001493 EHDAA:181 FMA:295532 TAO:0000060 VHOG:0000086 Wikipedia:Prechordal_plate XAO:0000079 ZFA:0000060 prechordal plate A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. ISBN:0838580343 MP:0004387 head mesenchyme XAO:0000079 head mesoderm XAO:0000079 The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. AAO:0010575 EMAPA:16056 EMAPA:16178 FMA:293147 NCIT:C34193 SCTID:361476001 TAO:0001206 VHOG:0000087 Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm XAO:0000085 ZFA:0001206 IM intermediate mesenchyme intermediate plate intermediate plate mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium intermediate mesoderm The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. GOC:curators Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm intermediate mesenchyme https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest intermediate plate EMAPA:16178 intermediate plate mesoderm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesenchyma intermedium Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements. AAO:0010363 EHDAA2:0000050 EHDAA:611 EMAPA:16272 FMA:293017 NCIT:C34288 SCTID:308768003 TAO:0001596 VHOG:0000297 Wikipedia:Second_pharyngeal_arch XAO:0000098 ZFA:0001611 2nd pharyngeal arch arcus pharyngeus secundus branchial arch 2 hyoid arch pharyngeal arch 2 second branchial arch second pharyngeal arch second visceral arch visceral arch 2 2nd arch 2nd visceral arch hyoid bars pharyngeal arches 2 pharyngeal arch 2 The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements. PMID:12784288 ZFIN:yb https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/258 arcus pharyngeus secundus Wikipedia:Second_pharyngeal_arch branchial arch 2 hyoid arch XAO:0000098 second branchial arch second visceral arch visceral arch 2 2nd arch EHDAA2:0000050 2nd visceral arch VHOG:0000297 pharyngeal arches 2 VHOG:0000297 Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. TAO:0001310 VHOG:0000103 XAO:0000187 ZFA:0001310 dorsolateral placodes The only remaining dorsolateral placode in land vertebrates is the otic/octaval placode dorsolateral placode Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. ZFIN:curator dorsolateral placodes ZFA:0001310 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 VHOG:0000107 Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 chordamesoderm axial mesoderm The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. GO:0048318 Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm chordamesoderm Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII[NBK]. AAO:0011079 EFO:0003429 EHDAA2:0001339 EHDAA:506 EMAPA:16195 FMA:293973 NCIT:C34239 TAO:0000138 VHOG:0000235 Wikipedia:Otic_placode XAO:0000223 ZFA:0000138 placoda otica auditory placode ear placode ear/otic placode octaval VIII placode octaval placode otic placode A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII[NBK]. NCBIBook:NBK53175 Wikipedia:Otic_placode placoda otica octaval VIII placode ISBN:0471888893 octaval placode ISBN:0471888893 A neurogenic placode that arises at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and develops into a trigeminal ganglion. EFO:0003433 EHDAA2:0004209 TAO:0000162 VHOG:0000109 XAO:0000225 ZFA:0000162 trigeminal V placode trigeminal placode profundus V placode profundus placode trigeminal placodes trigeminal placode complex A neurogenic placode that arises at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and develops into a trigeminal ganglion. PMID:22512454 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 trigeminal placode EHDAA2:0004209 VHOG:0000109 XAO:0000225 ZFA:0000162 profundus V placode ISBN:0471888893 profundus placode ISBN:0471888893 trigeminal placodes ZFA:0000162 Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. AAO:0011038 EFO:0003541 EHDAA2:0004431 TAO:0000570 XAO:0000227 XAO:0004090 ZFA:0000570 eye placode occular primordium ocular primordium optic placode optic placode of camera-type eye optic primordium eye anlage eye field optic field optic placodes eye primordium Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. GO:0046619 ZFA:0000570 eye placode OBOL:automatic optic placode GO:0046619 optic placode of camera-type eye GO:0046619 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 eye anlage XAO:0000227 optic placodes Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. BTO:0005351 EHDAA2:0001303 EHDAA:2912 EMAPA:16674 NCIT:C34233 SCTID:308789007 TAO:0001202 VHOG:0000167 ZFA:0001202 eye cup eyecup ocular cup ophtalmic cup optic cup Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. MP:0004269 Wikipedia:Optic_cup_(embryology) ZFA:0001202 eyecup BTO:0005351 ocular cup VHOG:0000167 ophtalmic cup BTO:0005351 A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. AAO:0011055 EFO:0003494 EHDAA2:0000982 EHDAA:2908 EMAPA:16672 FMA:296767 NCIT:C34202 TAO:0000122 VHOG:0000166 Wikipedia:Lens_placode XAO:0000240 ZFA:0000122 lens placodes placoda lentis lens placode A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. Wikipedia:Lens_placode ZFIN:curator lens placodes ZFA:0000122 placoda lentis Wikipedia:Lens_placode Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. AAO:0000637 EHDAA2:0001243 EHDAA:1590 GAID:1315 MESH:D014928 NCIT:C26469 SCTID:308800003 TAO:0000546 Wikipedia:Mesonephric_duct XAO:0000242 ZFA:0000546 Wolffian duct Leydig's duct archinephric duct ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi renal duct mesonephric duct Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. Wikipedia:Mesonephric_duct ZFIN:curator https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/28 Wolffian duct GOC:yaf Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct ZFA:0000546 Leydig's duct Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct archinephric duct VHOG:0000082 Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi Wikipedia:Mesonephric_duct A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. AAO:0011072 BTO:0001765 DHBA:10153 DMBA:15565 EHDAA:346 EHDAA:902 EMAPA:35593 FMA:293879 NCIT:C34225 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 TAO:0000132 VHOG:0000068 Wikipedia:Neural_plate XAO:0000249 ZFA:0000132 neuronames:1362 lamina neuralis presumptive central nervous system neural plate A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. ISBN:0815318960 OMD:neural+plate Wikipedia:Neural_plate ZFIN:curator lamina neuralis Wikipedia:Neural_plate AAO:0011082 TAO:0007037 VHOG:0001383 XAO:0000250 ZFA:0007037 posterior neural tube The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. AAO:0010568 EFO:0003515 EMAPA:16183 EMAPA:16751 FMA:293145 NCIT:C34244 SCTID:361475002 TAO:0000255 VHOG:0000114 Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm XAO:0000259 ZFA:0000255 paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm mesoderma paraxiale paraxial mesoderm The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. GO:0048339 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 paraxial mesenchyme ZFA:0000255 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest somitic mesoderm ISBN:9780878932504 mesoderma paraxiale Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. AAO:0011036 EFO:0003455 FMA:293968 TAO:0001294 VHOG:0000117 XAO:0000284 ZFA:0001294 epibranchial placodes ventrolateral placode epibranchial placode Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. VHOG:0000117 epibranchial placodes ZFA:0001294 ventrolateral placode ISBN:0471888893 AAO:0011012 TAO:0007038 VHOG:0001384 XAO:0000307 ZFA:0007038 anterior neural tube Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. AAO:0010574 EHDAA2:0000919 EHDAA:379 EMAPA:16179 FMA:293149 NCIT:C34199 SCTID:361477005 TAO:0000121 VHOG:0000118 Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm XAO:0000311 ZFA:0000121 LPM lateral mesoderm lateral plate lateral plate mesenchyme mesoderma laminae lateralis lateral plate mesoderm Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. MP:0010117 Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm LPM ZFA:0000121 lateral mesoderm GO:0048368 lateral plate mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000919 mesoderma laminae lateralis Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. AAO:0011067 AEO:0001018 BTO:0000742 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003431 EHDAA:1721 EHDAA:1727 EHDAA:1733 EHDAA:1739 EMAPA:32841 FMA:295658 NCIT:C34214 SCTID:344535001 TAO:0001056 VHOG:0001244 Wikipedia:Myotome XAO:0000315 ZFA:0001056 myomeres muscle plate myomere myotome region myotomes myotomus myotome A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. AEO:0001018 myomeres TAO:0001056 myotomus Wikipedia:Myotome Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. AAO:0010582 EFO:0003605 EHDAA2:0001901 TAO:0001024 VHOG:0000062 Wikipedia:Trunk_neural_crest XAO:0000319 ZFA:0001024 TNC trunk crest trunk neural crest Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]. ISBN:0815318960 Wikipedia:Trunk_neural_crest TNC XAO:0000319 Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. AAO:0011044 BTO:0001887 NCIT:C34276 TAO:0000028 XAO:0000336 ZFA:0000028 cardiac field fused heart primordium heart primordium Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. ZFIN:curator cardiac field ZFA:0000028 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. AAO:0010571 AEO:0000212 EHDAA2:0003439 EMAPA:31159 FMA:295652 NCIT:C34287 TAO:0001080 VHOG:0000680 Wikipedia:Sclerotome XAO:0000397 ZFA:0001080 sclerotomes sclerotomus sclerotome Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. Wikipedia:Sclerotome XB:curator https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/316 sclerotomes TAO:0001080 sclerotomus Wikipedia:Sclerotome The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. AAO:0011106 BTO:0004709 EHDAA2:0002033 EHDAA:952 EMAPA:16361 NCIT:C34312 TAO:0001081 XAO:0000444 ZFA:0001081 thyroid primordia thyroid primordium The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview thyroid primordia ZFA:0001081 Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. AAO:0010580 EFO:0003645 EHDAA2:0004420 EMAPA:16091 TAO:0001194 VHOG:0000063 Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest XAO:0001001 ZFA:0001194 CNC cephalic neural crest cranial NCC population head NCC population crista neuralis cranialis head crest head neural crest cranial neural crest Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. MGI:anna CNC XAO:0001001 cephalic neural crest EMAPA:16091 crista neuralis cranialis Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. AAO:0010030 BILA:0000028 CARO:0000028 FMA:67812 HAO:0000028 SCTID:362608006 TAO:0000303 TGMA:0001839 XAO:0003005 ZFA:0000303 female human body female female organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. CARO:0000028 female human body FMA:67812 female TAO:0000303 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. AAO:0010033 BILA:0000027 CARO:0000027 FMA:67811 HAO:0000027 SCTID:362609003 TAO:0000242 TGMA:0001838 WBbt:0007850 XAO:0003006 ZFA:0000242 male human body male male organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. CARO:0000027 male human body FMA:67811 male TAO:0000242 Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. AAO:0010337 AEO_RETIRED:0000010 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 TAO:0000292 VSAO:0000001 Wikipedia:Surface_structure XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 galen:SurfaceRegion anatomical surface feature surface feature surface region surface structures surface structure Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/24 anatomical surface feature EHDAA2:0003010 surface structures ZFA:0000292 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 VHOG:0001723 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 organ compound organ Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. CARO:0000024 Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. AAO:0010427 AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 CALOHA:TS-0620 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 NCIT:C13301 TAO:0000393 VHOG:0000170 Wikipedia:Mesenchyme XAO:0003046 ZFA:0000393 mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue mesenchyma mesenchyme Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. https://archive.org/details/invertebratesnde00brus/page/n240/mode/2up https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchyme https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1641 mesenchyma Wikipedia:Mesenchyme Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. AAO:0010206 EFO:0003525 NCIT:C98765 TAO:0000351 XAO:0003172 ZFA:0000351 ethmoid region olfactory region Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ. TAO:0000351 ethmoid region ZFA:0000351 Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]. AAO:0010154 TAO:0000863 VHOG:0001665 Wikipedia:Skull_roof XAO:0003169 ZFA:0000863 dendrocranium exocranium dermal skull roof dermatocranial cover roof of skull skull roof dermal bone cranium dermal part of skull dermal skull bones roofing bones of the skull skull exoskeleton dermatocranium Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]. Wikipedia:Skull_roof ZFA:0000863 dendrocranium TAO:0000863 exocranium UBERONREF:0000007 dermal skull roof PMID:11523816 Wikipedia:Skull_roof roof of skull Wikipedia:Skull_roof skull roof PMID:11523816 Wikipedia:Skull_roof dermal bone cranium ZFA:0000863 roofing bones of the skull Wikipedia:Skull_roof The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus. AAO:0010365 EHDAA2:0000069 EHDAA:1080 EMAPA:16399 FMA:293029 SCTID:308769006 TAO:0001598 VHOG:0000298 XAO:0000447 ZFA:0001606 3rd pharyngeal arch first gill arch gill arch 1 third pharyngeal arch third visceral arch visceral arch 3 3rd arch 3rd visceral arch branchial arch 1 first branchial arch pharyngeal arch 3 The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus. MP:0006339 first gill arch ZFA:0001606 gill arch 1 ZFA:0001606 3rd arch EHDAA2:0000069 3rd visceral arch VHOG:0000298 branchial arch 1 AAO:0010365 ZFA:0001606 first branchial arch ZFA:0001606 Contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus. AAO:0010366 EHDAA2:0000086 EHDAA:1663 EMAPA:16760 FMA:293035 SCTID:308770007 TAO:0001599 VHOG:0000299 XAO:0000449 ZFA:0001607 4th branchial arch 4th pharyngeal arch 4th visceral arch fourth pharyngeal arch gill arch 2 second gill arch visceral arch 4 4th arch branchial arch 2 fourth visceral arch second branchial arch pharyngeal arch 4 Contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus. MP:0006340 4th branchial arch gill arch 2 ZFA:0001607 second gill arch ZFA:0001607 4th arch EHDAA2:0000086 branchial arch 2 AAO:0010366 ZFA:0001607 fourth visceral arch VHOG:0000299 second branchial arch ZFA:0001607 AAO:0010367 FMA:293045 SCTID:308771006 TAO:0001600 VHOG:0001204 XAO:0000451 ZFA:0001608 fifth visceral arch gill arch 3 visceral arch 5 5th pharyngeal arch 5th visceral arch branchial arch 3 fifth pharyngeal arch third branchial arch pharyngeal arch 5 fifth visceral arch XAO:0000451 gill arch 3 ZFA:0001608 visceral arch 5 ZFA:0001608 5th pharyngeal arch VHOG:0001204 5th visceral arch VHOG:0001204 branchial arch 3 AAO:0010367 XAO:0000451 ZFA:0001608 fifth pharyngeal arch VHOG:0001204 third branchial arch XAO:0000451 The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. AAO:0010368 EHDAA2:0004075 EMAPA:32766 FMA:293047 SCTID:308772004 TAO:0001601 VHOG:0001205 XAO:0000453 ZFA:0001609 6th arch gill arch 4 sixth branchial arch visceral arch 6 6th pharyngeal arch 6th visceral arch branchial arch 4 fourth branchial arch sixth pharyngeal arch sixth visceral arch pharyngeal arch 6 The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. MP:0006347 6th arch EHDAA2:0004075 gill arch 4 ZFA:0001609 visceral arch 6 ZFA:0001609 6th pharyngeal arch VHOG:0001205 6th visceral arch VHOG:0001205 branchial arch 4 AAO:0010368 ZFA:0001609 fourth branchial arch sixth pharyngeal arch VHOG:0001205 sixth visceral arch XAO:0000453 The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. AAO:0010415 EHDAA2:0000007 EMAPA:16202 EMAPA:16685 SCTID:308774003 TAO:0005005 VHOG:0000149 XAO:0000342 ZFA:0005005 1st arch artery AA1 aortic arch 1 first aortic arch first branchial arch artery mandibular aortic arch 1st aortic arch artery 1st branchial arch artery 1st pharyngeal arch artery first arch artery pharyngeal arch artery 1 The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. MP:0010355 1st arch artery EMAPA:16685 AA1 ZFA:0005005 aortic arch 1 ZFA:0005005 first aortic arch XAO:0000342 mandibular aortic arch ZFA:0005005 1st aortic arch artery EMAPA:16685 1st branchial arch artery EMAPA:16685 1st pharyngeal arch artery EMAPA:16685 first arch artery EMAPA:16685 The vessels formed within the second pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. AAO:0010418 EHDAA2:0000051 EMAPA:16203 EMAPA:16686 SCTID:308775002 TAO:0005006 VHOG:0000148 Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arches_1_and_2 XAO:0000343 ZFA:0005006 2nd arch artery AA2 aortic arch 2 hyoid aortic arch second aortic arch second branchial arch artery 2nd aortic arch artery 2nd branchial arch artery 2nd pharyngeal arch artery pharyngeal arch artery 2 The vessels formed within the second pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. MP:0010356 2nd arch artery EHDAA2:0000051 AA2 ZFA:0005006 aortic arch 2 ZFA:0005006 hyoid aortic arch ZFA:0005006 second aortic arch XAO:0000343 2nd aortic arch artery EMAPA:16686 2nd branchial arch artery EMAPA:16686 2nd pharyngeal arch artery EMAPA:16686 The vessels formed within the third pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. AAO:0010419 EHDAA2:0000070 EMAPA:16687 SCTID:308776001 TAO:0005007 VHOG:0000147 Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_3 XAO:0000344 ZFA:0005007 3rd arch artery AA3 aortic arch 3 carotid arch third aortic arch third branchial arch artery 3rd aortic arch artery 3rd branchial arch artery 3rd pharyngeal arch artery pharyngeal arch artery 3 The vessels formed within the third pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. MP:0006356 3rd arch artery EHDAA2:0000070 AA3 ZFA:0005007 aortic arch 3 ZFA:0005007 carotid arch Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_3 third aortic arch XAO:0000344 3rd aortic arch artery EMAPA:16687 3rd branchial arch artery EMAPA:16687 3rd pharyngeal arch artery EMAPA:16687 The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. AAO:0010420 EHDAA2:0000087 EMAPA:17004 SCTID:308777005 TAO:0005008 Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4 XAO:0000355 ZFA:0005008 4th arch artery AA4 aortic arch 4 fourth aortic arch fourth branchial arch artery 4th aortic arch artery 4th branchial arch artery 4th pharyngeal arch artery systemic arch proximal right subclavian pharyngeal arch artery 4 The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. MP:0006354 4th arch artery EHDAA2:0000087 AA4 ZFA:0005008 aortic arch 4 ZFA:0005008 fourth aortic arch XAO:0000355 4th aortic arch artery EMAPA:17004 4th branchial arch artery EMAPA:17004 4th pharyngeal arch artery EMAPA:17004 systemic arch ISBN:0073040584 XAO:0000355 The vessels formed within the fifth pair of pharyngeal arches in embryogenesis. AAO:0010421 SCTID:308778000 TAO:0005009 VHOG:0000145 Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_5 XAO:0000352 ZFA:0005009 AA5 aortic arch 5 fifth aortic arch pharyngeal arch artery 5 The vessels formed within the fifth pair of pharyngeal arches in embryogenesis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 AA5 ZFA:0005009 aortic arch 5 ZFA:0005009 fifth aortic arch XAO:0000352 The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. AAO:0010422 EHDAA2:0000102 EMAPA:17005 SCTID:308779008 TAO:0005016 VHOG:0000144 Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6 XAO:0000353 ZFA:0005016 6th arch artery AA6 aortic arch 6 sixth aortic arch sixth branchial arch artery 6th aortic arch artery 6th branchial arch artery 6th pharyngeal arch artery pulmonary arch pharyngeal arch artery 6 The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. MP:0006355 6th arch artery EMAPA:17005 AA6 ZFA:0005016 aortic arch 6 ZFA:0005016 sixth aortic arch XAO:0000353 6th aortic arch artery EMAPA:17005 6th branchial arch artery EMAPA:17005 6th pharyngeal arch artery EMAPA:17005 pulmonary arch ISBN:0073040584 The outermost extraembryonic membrane of amniotes. BTO:0000252 CALOHA:TS-0144 EFO:0002780 EHDAA2:0000245 EHDAA:150 EMAPA:16112 EV:0100121 FMA:80224 GAID:1299 MESH:D002823 NCIT:C34122 NCIT:C34124 VHOG:0000200 Wikipedia:Chorion chorion chorion (vertebrates) embryonic chorion fetal chorion uterine chorion chorion frondosum chorionic sac This term refers to the amniote structure. It is distinct from the concept of chorion in insects chorion membrane The outermost extraembryonic membrane of amniotes. MESH:A10.615.284.473 MP:0002836 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22603 uterine chorion ZFIN:curator http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 chorion frondosum Wikipedia:Chorion chorionic sac Wikipedia:Chorion The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. AAO:0010140 BTO:0001388 CALOHA:TS-1060 EFO:0000935 EHDAA2:0002066 EHDAA:3078 EMAPA:16853 EV:0100040 FMA:7394 GAID:361 MA:0000441 MAT:0000137 MESH:D014132 MIAA:0000137 NCIT:C12428 SCTID:181213009 VHOG:0000371 Wikipedia:Vertebrate_trachea XAO:0000118 cartilaginous trachea vertebrate trachea windpipe tracheal tubule trachea The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. GO:0060438 Wikipedia:Vertebrate_trachea vertebrate trachea tracheal tubule BTO:0001388 Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). BTO:0001328 EFO:0000831 EHDAA:6029 FMA:71325 MA:0000316 MAT:0000340 MIAA:0000340 SCTID:181889008 VHOG:0000334 Wikipedia:Cranium_(anatomy) bones of cranium ossa cranii set of bones of cranium skull minus mandible upper part of skull calvarium epicranial plate skeletal system of head cranium Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). Wikipedia:Cranium_(anatomy) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bones of cranium FMA:71325 ossa cranii FMA:71325 FMA:TA set of bones of cranium FMA:71325 calvarium BTO:0001328 Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. BTO:0001295 CALOHA:TS-2344 EHDAA2:0000325 EMAPA:17680 FMA:46565 GAID:82 MESH:D012886 NCIT:C12789 SCTID:110530005 Wikipedia:Skull WikipediaCategory:Skull galen:Skull cranial skeleton skeletal system of head skull Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. PMID:11523816 Wikipedia:Skull http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2962656&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 An organ involved in reproduction. MA:0001752 MESH:D005835 NCIT:C25177 SCTID:128181006 TGMA:0000591 WBbt:0008422 genital organ reproductive system organ sex organ genitalia reproductive organ An organ involved in reproduction. UBERON:xp genitalia A female organ involved in reproduction. EMAPA:28540 MA:0000544 female organism reproductive organ female organism reproductive structure female organism reproductive system organ female organism sex organ female reproductive gland/organ female reproductive system organ female sex organ reproductive organ of female organism reproductive structure of female organism reproductive system organ of female organism sex organ of female organism female reproductive organ A female organ involved in reproduction. UBERON:xp female organism reproductive organ OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive structure OBOL:automatic female organism reproductive system organ OBOL:automatic female organism sex organ OBOL:automatic female reproductive gland/organ MA:0000544 reproductive organ of female organism OBOL:automatic reproductive structure of female organism OBOL:automatic reproductive system organ of female organism OBOL:automatic sex organ of female organism OBOL:automatic A male organ involved in reproduction. MA:0000545 WBbt:0008423 male organism reproductive organ male organism reproductive structure male organism reproductive system organ male organism sex organ male reproductive gland/organ male reproductive system organ male sex organ reproductive organ of male organism reproductive structure of male organism reproductive system organ of male organism sex organ of male organism male genital male reproductive organ A male organ involved in reproduction. UBERON:xp male organism reproductive organ OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive structure OBOL:automatic male organism reproductive system organ OBOL:automatic male organism sex organ OBOL:automatic male reproductive gland/organ MA:0000545 reproductive organ of male organism OBOL:automatic reproductive structure of male organism OBOL:automatic reproductive system organ of male organism OBOL:automatic sex organ of male organism OBOL:automatic male genital WBbt:0008423 Any sense organ that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050912). FMA:77853 gustatory organ system organ gustatory system organ organ of gustatory organ system organ of gustatory system organ of taste system taste organ taste system organ gustatory organ Any sense organ that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050912). FBC:auto_generated_definition gustatory organ system organ OBOL:automatic gustatory system organ OBOL:automatic organ of gustatory organ system OBOL:automatic organ of gustatory system OBOL:automatic organ of taste system OBOL:automatic taste system organ OBOL:automatic Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. ovary septum Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]. GO:0080126 One of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO]. EHDAA2:0004062 EHDAA:4041 EHDAA:5021 EHDAA:5915 EMAPA:17375 SCTID:361529008 VHOG:0000540 Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema metanephric blastema metanephric mesoderm metanephrogenic mesenchyme metanephros associated mesenchyme Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"] metanephric mesenchyme One of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072075 Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema metanephric blastema Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema metanephric mesoderm Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema metanephrogenic mesenchyme EHDAA:5021 metanephros associated mesenchyme RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001139 Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits. CALOHA:TS-2211 EMAPA:32614 FMA:321661 MA:0000304 NCIT:C33317 SCTID:290029003 VSAO:0000199 Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones galen:Phalanx digit long bone long bone of digit phalange phalanges phalanx bone phalanx Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits. VSAO:0000199 Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones digit long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of digit OBOL:automatic phalanges phalanx bone Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a syncytiotrophoblast and is part of a chorion. EHDAA2:0001973 EHDAA:156 chorion syncytiotrophoblast An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a syncytiotrophoblast and is part of a chorion. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000430 EHDAA:4168 EHDAA:6214 EMAPA:17415 VHOG:0001044 cubital region epithelial tissue cubital region epithelium elbow epithelial tissue elbow epithelium epithelial tissue of cubital region epithelial tissue of elbow epithelium of cubital region epithelium of elbow An epithelium that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cubital region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic cubital region epithelium OBOL:automatic elbow epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic elbow epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cubital region OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of elbow OBOL:automatic epithelium of cubital region OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000219 EHDAA:5198 carpal region epithelial tissue carpal region epithelium epithelial tissue of carpal region epithelial tissue of wrist epithelium of wrist wrist epithelial tissue wrist epithelium epithelium of carpal region An epithelium that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic carpal region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic carpal region epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of carpal region OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of wrist OBOL:automatic epithelium of wrist OBOL:automatic wrist epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic wrist epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000784 EHDAA:5155 EHDAA:6180 EMAPA:17491 VHOG:0000779 epithelial tissue of hip epithelial tissue of hip region epithelial tissue of regio coxae epithelium of hip region epithelium of regio coxae hip epithelial tissue hip epithelium hip region epithelial tissue hip region epithelium regio coxae epithelial tissue regio coxae epithelium epithelium of hip An epithelium that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of hip OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of hip region OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of regio coxae OBOL:automatic epithelium of hip region OBOL:automatic epithelium of regio coxae OBOL:automatic hip epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic hip epithelium OBOL:automatic hip region epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic hip region epithelium OBOL:automatic regio coxae epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic regio coxae epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000896 EHDAA:5161 EHDAA:6186 EMAPA:17494 VHOG:0000810 epithelial tissue of knee knee epithelial tissue knee epithelium epithelium of knee An epithelium that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of knee OBOL:automatic knee epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic knee epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001835 EHDAA:4182 EHDAA:6230 EMAPA:17422 VHOG:0000761 epithelial tissue of shoulder shoulder epithelial tissue shoulder epithelium epithelium of shoulder An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of shoulder OBOL:automatic shoulder epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic shoulder epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002119 EHDAA:8027 EMAPA:18971 epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue of upper jaw epithelium of palatoquadrate arch palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue palatoquadrate arch epithelium upper jaw epithelial tissue upper jaw epithelium epithelium of upper jaw An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of upper jaw OBOL:automatic epithelium of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch epithelium OBOL:automatic upper jaw epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic upper jaw epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001019 EHDAA:7999 EMAPA:35516 VHOG:0000802 epithelial tissue of lower jaw epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch epithelium of ventral mandibular arch lower jaw epithelial tissue lower jaw epithelium ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue ventral mandibular arch epithelium epithelium of lower jaw An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower jaw OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic epithelium of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic lower jaw epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lower jaw epithelium OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch epithelium OBOL:automatic The epithelial layer of the luminal surfaces of the mammary gland. BTO:0001430 CALOHA:TS-0593 EHDAA2:0001057 EHDAA:6526 EMAPA:17760 FMA:74445 MA:0000792 NCIT:C12937 VHOG:0001088 epithelium of lactiferous gland lactiferous gland epithelium mammary epithelium mammary gland epithelial tissue mammary gland epithelium epithelium of mammary gland The epithelial layer of the luminal surfaces of the mammary gland. MGI:csmith MP:0009504 epithelium of lactiferous gland FMA:74445 lactiferous gland epithelium FMA:74445 mammary epithelium BTO:0001430 mammary gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic mammary gland epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000554 EHDAA:4174 EHDAA:6220 EMAPA:17418 VHOG:0001096 forearm epithelium epithelium of forearm An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a footplate. EHDAA2:0000548 EHDAA:5145 EHDAA:6144 EMAPA:32655 foot plate epithelium footplate epithelium epithelium of footplate An epithelium that is part of a footplate. OBOL:automatic footplate epithelium EHDAA2:0000548 An epithelium that is part of a otic placode [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001341 EHDAA:510 EMAPA:16197 VHOG:0000636 ZFA:0007068 epithelial tissue of otic placode otic epithelium otic placode epithelial tissue otic placode epithelium epithelium of otic placode An epithelium that is part of a otic placode [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of otic placode OBOL:automatic otic epithelium https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 otic placode epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic otic placode epithelium OBOL:automatic Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected to the sternum and the vertebrae. Some vertebrates have abdominal ribs (gastrialia), not connected to the vertebrate - these are not considered part of the rib case. FMA:7480 SCTID:361741004 Wikipedia:Human_rib_cage Wikipedia:Rib_cage galen:RibCage cavea thoracis rib cage thoracic cage cavea thoracis thoracic rib cage Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected to the sternum and the vertebrae. Some vertebrates have abdominal ribs (gastrialia), not connected to the vertebrate - these are not considered part of the rib case. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cavea thoracis FMA:7480 FMA:TA rib cage FMA:7480 thoracic cage FMA:7480 cavea thoracis Wikipedia:Human_rib_cage The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs. FMA:7576 SCTID:263359009 Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib collum costae rib neck collum costae neck of rib The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs. Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib collum costae Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib rib neck FMA:7576 collum costae Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib BTO:0000897 EHDAA2:0000117 EHDAA:138 EMAPA:16110 VHOG:0000621 amnion ectoderm amnionic ectoderm amnion epithelium amniotic ectoderm amnion ectoderm EHDAA2:0000117 OBOL:automatic amnionic ectoderm ISBN:9780878932504 http://placentation.ucsd.edu/glossfs.html amnion epithelium BTO:0000897 The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from endoderm and lines the yolk sac. EHDAA2:0002215 EHDAA:166 EMAPA:16086 VHOG:0000626 yolk sac endoderm The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from endoderm and lines the yolk sac. UBERON:cjm An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004568 EHDAA:524 foregut endoderm endoderm of foregut An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foregut endoderm OBOL:automatic An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA:987 EMAPA:16257 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001194 VHOG:0001080 midgut endoderm endoderm of midgut An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic midgut endoderm OBOL:automatic An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA:979 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000781 hindgut endoderm endoderm of hindgut An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hindgut endoderm OBOL:automatic An endoderm that is part of a thyroid primordium. EHDAA:956 EMAPA:25357 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002035 VHOG:0001089 endoderm of thyroid primordium thyroid primordium endoderm An endoderm that is part of a thyroid primordium. OBOL:automatic endoderm of thyroid primordium OBOL:automatic A mesenchyme that is part of a amnion. EHDAA2:0000118 EHDAA:140 EMAPA:16111 EMAPA:16265 VHOG:0000622 amnion mesenchyme amnion mesoderm amnionic mesoderm mesenchyme of amnion amnionic mesenchyme amnionic mesoderm amniotic mesoderm A mesenchyme that is part of a amnion. OBOL:automatic amnion mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000118 amnion mesoderm OBOL:automatic amnionic mesoderm http://placentation.ucsd.edu/glossfs.html mesenchyme of amnion EMAPA:16265 amnionic mesenchyme EMAPA:16265 amnionic mesoderm EMAPA:16111 A mesenchyme that is part of a chorion. EHDAA2:0003245 EHDAA:154 EMAPA:16114 EMAPA:16266 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000247 VHOG:0000620 chorion mesenchyme chorion mesoderm chorionic mesenchyme mesenchyme of chorion mesenchyme of chorion (vertebrates) chorionic mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a chorion. OBOL:automatic chorion mesenchyme OBOL:automatic chorion mesoderm RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000247 chorionic mesenchyme EHDAA2:0003245 mesenchyme of chorion (vertebrates) OBOL:automatic A calcareous tooth that is part of the upper jaw region. In mammals, the upper jaw teeth are attached to the maxilla. EHDAA:8045 EMAPA:17938 MA:0001909 NCIT:C49792 SCTID:422279005 upper jaw tooth maxillary tooth tooth of upper jaw A calcareous tooth that is part of the upper jaw region. In mammals, the upper jaw teeth are attached to the maxilla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper jaw tooth MA:0001909 maxillary tooth NCBITaxon:40674 A calcareous tooth that is part of the lower jaw region. In mammals, the lower jaw teeth are attached to the mandible (dentary). EHDAA:8009 EMAPA:17917 FMA:321647 MA:0001907 NCIT:C49582 SCTID:422032003 calcareous tooth of lower jaw lower jaw calcareous tooth lower jaw dentine containing tooth lower jaw tooth lower jaw vertebrate tooth mandibular tooth tooth of lower jaw A calcareous tooth that is part of the lower jaw region. In mammals, the lower jaw teeth are attached to the mandible (dentary). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 calcareous tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic lower jaw calcareous tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw dentine containing tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw vertebrate tooth OBOL:automatic mandibular tooth NCBITaxon:40674 A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000486 EHDAA:2923 EMAPA:17844 eye skeletal muscle eye skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue of eye eye skeletal muscle group skeletal muscle tissue of eye A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic eye skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic eye skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of eye OBOL:automatic eye skeletal muscle group EHDAA2:0000486 A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. upper jaw AAO:0000622 EHDAA2:0002128 EHDAA:8041 EMAPA:17927 FMA:54397 MA:0001908 VHOG:0000429 XAO:0003087 upper jaw skeleton skeleton of upper jaw A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper jaw MA:0001908 A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. lower jaw mandible AAO:0000274 EHDAA2:0004606 EHDAA:8005 EMAPA:17910 FMA:54398 MA:0001906 TAO:0001273 VHOG:0000428 XAO:0003084 ZFA:0001273 lower jaw skeleton mandibles mandibular series skeleton of lower jaw A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lower jaw MA:0001906 ZFA:0001273 mandible ZFA:0001273 lower jaw skeleton AAO:0000274 mandibles TAO:0001273 mandibular series ZFA:0001273 An endothelium that is part of a trachea. EHDAA:3082 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002068 endothelium of windpipe trachea endothelium windpipe endothelium endothelium of trachea An endothelium that is part of a trachea. OBOL:automatic endothelium of windpipe OBOL:automatic trachea endothelium OBOL:automatic windpipe endothelium OBOL:automatic The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. EHDAA2:0001922 EHDAA:2999 EMAPA:17024 MA:0001617 SCTID:261623000 VHOG:0000358 mesentery of ventriculus mesogaster mesogastium mesogastrium stomach mesentery ventriculus mesentery mesentery of stomach The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium mesentery of ventriculus OBOL:automatic mesogaster http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium mesogastium MA:0001617 mesogastrium http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html stomach mesentery Obol:obol ventriculus mesentery OBOL:automatic A mesentery that surrounds the heart. EHDAA:432 EMAPA:16212 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000739 VHOG:0000353 heart mesentery cardiac mesentery mesocardium mesentery of heart A mesentery that surrounds the heart. MA:th heart mesentery OBOL:automatic cardiac mesentery EMAPA:16212 mesocardium MA:0000098 A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001288 EHDAA:2943 EMAPA:16836 MA:0001569 VHOG:0000415 esophagus mesentery gullet mesentery mesentery of esophagus mesentery of gullet meso-esophagus oesophagus mesentery mesentery of oesophagus A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophagus mesentery MA:0001569 gullet mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of esophagus OBOL:automatic mesentery of gullet OBOL:automatic oesophagus mesentery VHOG:0000415 A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001202 EHDAA:3031 EMAPA:16721 EMAPA:17039 EMAPA:17197 VHOG:0000413 midgut mesentery mesentery of midgut A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic midgut mesentery OBOL:automatic A meninx that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001174 EHDAA:3708 EMAPA:17791 MA:0001058 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001109 VHOG:0000012 meninges of midbrain midbrain meninges midbrain meninx mesencephalon meninges meninx of midbrain A meninx that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic meninges of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain meninges OBOL:automatic midbrain meninx OBOL:automatic mesencephalon meninges VHOG:0000012 A meninx that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001990 EHDAA:5476 EMAPA:17774 MA:0000979 VHOG:0000010 meninges of telencephalon telencephalon meninges telencephalon meninx meninx of telencephalon A meninx that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic meninges of telencephalon OBOL:automatic telencephalon meninges OBOL:automatic telencephalon meninx OBOL:automatic A meninx that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000399 EHDAA:5458 EMAPA:17764 MA:0000826 VHOG:0000009 between brain meninges between brain meninx diencephalon meninges diencephalon meninx interbrain meninges interbrain meninx mature diencephalon meninges mature diencephalon meninx meninges of between brain meninges of diencephalon meninges of interbrain meninges of mature diencephalon meninx of between brain meninx of interbrain meninx of mature diencephalon meninx of diencephalon A meninx that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic between brain meninges OBOL:automatic between brain meninx OBOL:automatic diencephalon meninges OBOL:automatic diencephalon meninx OBOL:automatic interbrain meninges OBOL:automatic interbrain meninx OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon meninges OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon meninx OBOL:automatic meninges of between brain OBOL:automatic meninges of diencephalon OBOL:automatic meninges of interbrain OBOL:automatic meninges of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic meninx of between brain OBOL:automatic meninx of interbrain OBOL:automatic meninx of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000770 EHDAA:3688 EMAPA:17783 MA:0000987 VHOG:0000011 hindbrain meninges hindbrain meninx meninges of hindbrain rhomencephalon meninges meninx of hindbrain A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hindbrain meninges OBOL:automatic hindbrain meninx OBOL:automatic meninges of hindbrain OBOL:automatic rhomencephalon meninges VHOG:0000011 A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2148 EHDAA2:0001895 EHDAA:2865 EMAPA:17804 MA:0001130 NCIT:C12350 SCTID:181097002 VHOG:0000443 menines of spinal cord meninges of spinal cord spinal cord meninges spinal cord meninx spinal meninges spinal meninx meninx of spinal cord A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic menines of spinal cord meninges of spinal cord OBOL:automatic spinal cord meninges OBOL:automatic spinal cord meninx OBOL:automatic spinal meninges A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000567 EHDAA:950 EMAPA:16557 VHOG:0000650 foregut gland gland of foregut A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foregut gland OBOL:automatic Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. BTO:0004849 EHDAA2:0001461 EHDAA:2967 FMA:55075 pharynx gland glandulae pharyngeae pharyngeal gland Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/ pharynx gland EHDAA2:0001461 glandulae pharyngeae BTO:0004849 Any gland that is part of the diencephalon. Examples: pineal gland, neurohypophysis. EHDAA2:0000395 EMAPA:16897 VHOG:0000653 diencephalon gland interbrain gland gland of diencephalon Any gland that is part of the diencephalon. Examples: pineal gland, neurohypophysis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 diencephalon gland OBOL:automatic interbrain gland OBOL:automatic A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000837 EMAPA:17758 MA:0000144 VHOG:0000654 integumental gland integumental system gland integumentary gland gland of integumental system A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic integumental gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 integumental system gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 integumentary gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. EHDAA2:0003241 EHDAA:170 mesoderm blood islands mesenchyme blood island mesoderm blood island A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. OBOL:automatic mesoderm blood islands EHDAA2:0003241 mesenchyme blood island OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing testis [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002010 EHDAA:8150 EMAPA:35858 VHOG:0001442 testis mesenchyme mesenchyme of testis Mesenchyme that is part of a developing testis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic testis mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. EHDAA2:0000485 EHDAA:2910 EMAPA:16673 VHOG:0001084 mesenchyme of eye eye mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of eye OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001362 EHDAA:8128 VHOG:0001441 female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system ovary mesenchyme mesenchyme of ovary Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme OBOL:automatic female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme OBOL:automatic gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme OBOL:automatic gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic ovary mesenchyme OBOL:automatic The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from mesoderm and consists of mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0002216 EHDAA:168 EHDAA:205 EMAPA:16087 EMAPA:16267 VHOG:0000503 VHOG:0000617 yolk sac mesenchyme mesenchyme of yolk sac The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from mesoderm and consists of mesenchyme. UBERON:cjm yolk sac mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing elbow [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000432 EHDAA:4170 EHDAA:6216 EMAPA:17416 VHOG:0001075 cubital region mesenchyme elbow mesenchyme mesenchyme of cubital region mesenchyme of elbow Mesenchyme that is part of a developing elbow [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cubital region mesenchyme OBOL:automatic elbow mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of cubital region OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme of the carpal region that contributes to the carpal skeleton. EHDAA2:0000220 EHDAA:5200 carpal region mesenchyme carpus mesenchyme mesenchyme of wrist wrist mesenchyme mesenchyme of carpal region Mesenchyme of the carpal region that contributes to the carpal skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 carpal region mesenchyme OBOL:automatic carpus mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of wrist OBOL:automatic wrist mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hip [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000786 EHDAA:5157 EHDAA:6182 EMAPA:17492 VHOG:0001029 hip mesenchyme hip region mesenchyme mesenchyme of hip region mesenchyme of regio coxae regio coxae mesenchyme mesenchyme of hip Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hip mesenchyme OBOL:automatic hip region mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of hip region OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of regio coxae OBOL:automatic regio coxae mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing knee [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000898 EHDAA:5163 EHDAA:6188 EMAPA:17495 VHOG:0001070 knee mesenchyme mesenchyme of knee Mesenchyme that is part of a developing knee [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic knee mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001837 EHDAA:4184 EHDAA:6232 EMAPA:17423 VHOG:0001035 shoulder mesenchyme mesenchyme of shoulder Mesenchyme that is part of a developing shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic shoulder mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002124 EHDAA:8031 EMAPA:17929 VHOG:0001099 mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme upper jaw mesenchyme mesenchyme of upper jaw Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme OBOL:automatic upper jaw mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001024 EHDAA:8003 EMAPA:17916 VHOG:0001069 lower jaw mesenchyme mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme mesenchyme of lower jaw Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lower jaw mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pinna [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001469 EHDAA:8981 EMAPA:17591 VHOG:0000747 auricle mesenchyme auricle of ear mesenchyme auricle of external ear mesenchyme auricula (auris externa) mesenchyme auricula mesenchyme mesenchyme of auricle mesenchyme of auricle of ear mesenchyme of auricle of external ear mesenchyme of auricula mesenchyme of auricula (auris externa) mesenchyme of pinna of ear pinna mesenchyme pinna of ear mesenchyme mesenchyme of pinna Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pinna [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic auricle mesenchyme OBOL:automatic auricle of ear mesenchyme OBOL:automatic auricle of external ear mesenchyme OBOL:automatic auricula (auris externa) mesenchyme OBOL:automatic auricula mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricle OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricle of ear OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricle of external ear OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricula OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of auricula (auris externa) OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of pinna of ear OBOL:automatic pinna mesenchyme OBOL:automatic pinna of ear mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing mammary gland. EHDAA2:0001058 EHDAA:6528 EMAPA:17761 VHOG:0001087 lactiferous gland mesenchyme lobe of breast mesenchyme lobe of mammary gland mesenchyme mammary gland mesenchyme mammary mesenchyme mesenchyme of lactiferous gland mesenchyme of lobe of breast mesenchyme of lobe of mammary gland mesenchyme of mammary gland Mesenchyme that is part of a developing mammary gland. OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lobe of breast mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mammary gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000555 EHDAA:4176 EHDAA:6222 EMAPA:17419 VHOG:0000504 mesenchyme of forearm Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a footplate. EHDAA2:0000549 EHDAA:5149 EHDAA:6172 EMAPA:17252 EMAPA:17488 VHOG_RETIRED:0001055 foot plate mesenchyme mesenchyme of footplate Mesenchyme that is part of a footplate. OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27217 EMAPA:27227 EMAPA:27535 FMA:85399 SCTID:7892006 anal canal submucosa anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa anal region submucosa anatomical anal canal submucosa submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa of anal region submucosa of anatomical anal canal submucosa of anal canal A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anal canal submucosa OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa OBOL:automatic anal region submucosa OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic submucosa of anal region OBOL:automatic submucosa of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum. BTO:0002114 EMAPA:27083 FMA:15034 SCTID:71683001 rectal submucosa rectum submucosa tela submucosa recti submucosa of rectum The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum. BTO:0002114 rectal submucosa FMA:15034 rectum submucosa OBOL:automatic tela submucosa recti BTO:0002114 A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27379 FMA:14985 MA:0003200 SCTID:61647009 colon submucosa colonic submucosa large bowel submucosa submucosa of large bowel submucosa of colon A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic colon submucosa OBOL:automatic colonic submucosa FMA:14985 large bowel submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of large bowel OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27027 EMAPA:27097 EMAPA:27239 FMA:14943 MA:0003213 SCTID:76519004 doudenal submucosa duodenal submucosa duodenum submucosa submucosa of duodenum A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic doudenal submucosa FMA:14943 duodenal submucosa FMA:14943 duodenum submucosa OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27111 FMA:14950 SCTID:70192009 jejunal submucosa jejunum submucosa submucosa of jejunum A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic jejunal submucosa FMA:14950 jejunum submucosa OBOL:automatic A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27087 FMA:15039 rectal serosa rectum serosa rectum serous membrane serous membrane of rectum visceral peritoneum of rectum serosa of rectum A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic rectal serosa FMA:15039 rectum serosa OBOL:automatic rectum serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of rectum OBOL:automatic visceral peritoneum of rectum FMA:15039 A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27387 FMA:14990 MA:0003199 SCTID:90132000 colon serosa colon serous membrane colonic serosa large bowel serosa large bowel serous membrane serosa of large bowel serous membrane of colon serous membrane of large bowel visceral peritoneum of colon serosa of colon A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic colon serosa OBOL:automatic colon serous membrane OBOL:automatic colonic serosa FMA:14990 large bowel serosa OBOL:automatic large bowel serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of large bowel OBOL:automatic serous membrane of colon OBOL:automatic serous membrane of large bowel OBOL:automatic visceral peritoneum of colon FMA:14990 A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27247 FMA:14948 MA:0003212 SCTID:1236009 doudenal serosa duodenal serosa duodenum serosa duodenum serous membrane serous membrane of duodenum visceral peritoneum of duodenum serosa of duodenum A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic doudenal serosa FMA:14948 duodenal serosa FMA:14948 duodenum serosa OBOL:automatic duodenum serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of duodenum OBOL:automatic visceral peritoneum of duodenum FMA:14948 A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27115 FMA:14955 jejunal serosa jejunum serosa jejunum serous membrane serous membrane of jejunum visceral peritoneum of jejunum serosa of jejunum A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic jejunal serosa FMA:14955 jejunum serosa OBOL:automatic jejunum serous membrane OBOL:automatic serous membrane of jejunum OBOL:automatic visceral peritoneum of jejunum FMA:14955 A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). BIRNLEX:2548 BTO:0001123 EMAPA:32814 MA:0001161 peripheral nervous system ganglion ganglion of peripheral nervous system A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). BIRNLEX:2548 peripheral nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000227 EMAPA:16658 FMA:83843 central nervous system ganglion ganglion of neuraxis neuraxis ganglion ganglion of central nervous system A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic central nervous system ganglion OBOL:automatic ganglion of neuraxis OBOL:automatic neuraxis ganglion OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27531 FMA:74654 NCIT:C60784 SCTID:362170004 anal canal mucosa anal canal mucosa of organ anal canal mucous membrane anal canal organ mucosa anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa anal mucosa anal mucous membrane anal region mucosa anal region mucosa of organ anal region mucous membrane anal region organ mucosa anatomical anal canal mucosa anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ anatomical anal canal mucous membrane anatomical anal canal organ mucosa mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of anal region mucosa of anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ of anal canal mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ of anal region mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal mucous membrane of anal canal mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane of anal region mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal organ mucosa of anal canal organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa of anal region organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal mucosa of anal canal A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anal canal mucosa OBOL:automatic anal canal mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic anal canal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic anal canal organ mucosa OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane OBOL:automatic anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa OBOL:automatic anal mucosa FMA:74654 anal mucous membrane FMA:74654 anal region mucosa OBOL:automatic anal region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic anal region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic anal region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal mucosa OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal mucous membrane OBOL:automatic anatomical anal canal organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic mucosa of anal region OBOL:automatic mucosa of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anal canal OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anal region OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anal canal OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anal region OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anal canal OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anal region OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. SCTID:362083000 mucosa of oral opening mucosa of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral opening mucosa of organ of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral region mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth mucosa of subdivision of mouth mucous membrane of oral opening mucous membrane of oral part of face mucous membrane of oral region mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth oral opening mucosa oral opening mucosa of organ oral opening mucous membrane oral opening organ mucosa oral part of face mucosa oral part of face mucosa of organ oral part of face mucous membrane oral part of face organ mucosa oral region mucosa oral region mucosa of organ oral region mucous membrane oral region organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral opening organ mucosa of oral part of face organ mucosa of oral region organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth subdivision of mouth mucosa subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ subdivision of mouth mucous membrane subdivision of mouth organ mucosa mucosa of oral region A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral part of face OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral part of face OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral region OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic mucosa of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral part of face OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral region OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic oral opening mucosa OBOL:automatic oral opening mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral opening mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral opening organ mucosa OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucosa OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral part of face organ mucosa OBOL:automatic oral region mucosa OBOL:automatic oral region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral opening OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral part of face OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral region OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucous membrane OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2107 EMAPA:27081 FMA:15033 MA:0003218 SCTID:362167003 mucosa of organ of rectum mucous membrane of rectum organ mucosa of rectum rectal mucosa rectal mucous membrane rectum mucosa rectum mucosa of organ rectum mucous membrane rectum organ mucosa mucosa of rectum A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of rectum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of rectum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of rectum OBOL:automatic rectal mucosa FMA:15033 rectal mucous membrane FMA:15033 rectum mucosa OBOL:automatic rectum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic rectum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic rectum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae lies on top of lamina propria epithelium of mucosa A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosa BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosae BTO:0003752 An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. BSA:0000112 BTO:0005240 EMAPA:16708 MA:0002725 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001460 TAO:0001174 XAO:0003202 ZFA:0001174 epithelial tissue of pharynx epithelium of pharynx pharynx epithelial tissue pharynx epithelium pharyngeal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of pharynx OBOL:automatic epithelium of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic pharynx epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a midgut. BTO:0005053 EHDAA2:0001195 EMAPA:16569 MA:0003205 epithelial tissue of midgut midgut epithelial tissue midgut epithelium epithelium of midgut An epithelium that is part of a midgut. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of midgut OBOL:automatic midgut epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic midgut epithelium BTO:0005053 OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000782 EMAPA:16717 MA:0003206 epithelial tissue of hindgut hindgut epithelial tissue hindgut epithelium epithelium of hindgut An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of hindgut OBOL:automatic hindgut epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic hindgut epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2066 EHDAA2:0001594 EMAPA:17898 FMA:17510 MA:0003219 VHOG:0001037 epithelial tissue of rectum rectal epithelium rectum epithelial tissue rectum epithelium epithelium of rectum An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of rectum OBOL:automatic rectal epithelium FMA:17510 rectum epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic rectum epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18442 epithelial tissue of nasal septum nasal septum epithelial tissue nasal septum epithelium epithelium of nasal septum An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of nasal septum OBOL:automatic nasal septum epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic nasal septum epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000992 CALOHA:TS-1051 EHDAA2:0004598 EMAPA:17881 FMA:284658 MA:0001592 NCIT:C49300 epithelial tissue of tongue tongue epithelial tissue tongue epithelium lingual epithelium examples: tongue squamous epithelium, keratined, non-keratinized and parakeratinized epithelium, as well as gustatory epithelium. Note that not all these subtypes are named in individual anatomy ontologies. epithelium of tongue An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic tongue epithelium OBOL:automatic lingual epithelium BTO:0000992 An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004557 EMAPA:18813 VHOG:0000989 epithelial tissue of submandibular gland submandibular gland epithelial tissue submandibular gland epithelium submandibular duct epithelium submandibular gland duct epithelium submaxillary gland epithelium epithelium of submandibular gland An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of submandibular gland OBOL:automatic submandibular gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic submandibular gland epithelium OBOL:automatic submandibular duct epithelium BTO:0004557 submandibular gland duct epithelium BTO:0004557 submaxillary gland epithelium EMAPA:18813 An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17663 MA:0003132 epithelial tissue of right lung right lung epithelial tissue right lung epithelium epithelium of right lung An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of right lung OBOL:automatic right lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic right lung epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17655 MA:0003131 epithelial tissue of left lung left lung epithelial tissue left lung epithelium epithelium of left lung An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of left lung OBOL:automatic left lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic left lung epithelium OBOL:automatic An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud. EHDAA2:0001034 EMAPA:16780 VHOG:0001048 hindlimb ectoderm hindlimb bud ectoderm hindlimb ectoderm lower limb bud ectoderm pelvic fin bud ectoderm leg ectoderm pelvic appendage bud ectoderm An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud. OBOL:automatic hindlimb ectoderm VHOG:0001048 hindlimb bud ectoderm EMAPA:16780 hindlimb ectoderm VHOG:0001048 lower limb bud ectoderm EHDAA2:0001034 pelvic fin bud ectoderm leg ectoderm OBOL:automatic An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud. EHDAA2:0002134 EMAPA:16407 VHOG:0001047 forelimb bud ectoderm forelimb ectoderm pectoral fin bud ectoderm upper limb bud ectoderm wing ectoderm arm ectoderm pectoral appendage bud ectoderm An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud. OBOL:automatic forelimb bud ectoderm EMAPA:16407 forelimb ectoderm VHOG:0001047 pectoral fin bud ectoderm upper limb bud ectoderm EHDAA2:0002134 wing ectoderm Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 arm ectoderm OBOL:automatic An ectoderm that is part of a footplate. EMAPA:17250 ectoderm of footplate An ectoderm that is part of a footplate. OBOL:automatic An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a chorion. BTO:0005145 EMAPA:16113 chorion ectoderm chorion epithelium chorionic epithelium chorionic ectoderm An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a chorion. OBOL:automatic chorion ectoderm OBOL:automatic chorionic epithelium BTO:0005145 A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004155 EMAPA:17326 FMA:7282 SCTID:362018002 VHOG:0001227 cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle of heart right atrium cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart myocardium of right atrium right atrium heart muscle right atrium myocardium textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle of right atrium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic right atrium heart muscle EHDAA2:0004155 right atrium myocardium VHOG:0001227 textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004154 EMAPA:17320 FMA:7285 SCTID:189936008 VHOG:0001225 cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle of heart left atrium cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart left atrium heart muscle left atrium myocardium myocardium of left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle of left atrium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic left atrium heart muscle EHDAA2:0004154 left atrium myocardium VHOG:0001225 textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart OBOL:automatic textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium OBOL:automatic A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17342 FMA:83452 VHOG:0001236 cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue right ventricle cardiac muscle cardiac muscle of right ventricle A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle FMA:83452 right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue GO:0003221 right ventricle cardiac muscle VHOG:0001236 A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17339 FMA:83453 VHOG:0001234 cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue left ventricle cardiac muscle cardiac muscle of left ventricle A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle FMA:83453 left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue GO:0003220 left ventricle cardiac muscle VHOG:0001234 A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004158 EMAPA:17335 FMA:84084 VHOG:0000999 cardiac muscle of interventricular septum cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum interventricular septum cardiac muscle interventricular septum heart muscle interventricular septum myocardium interventricular septum muscle cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum FMA:84084 interventricular septum cardiac muscle VHOG:0000999 interventricular septum heart muscle EHDAA2:0004158 interventricular septum myocardium VHOG:0000999 interventricular septum muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18963 pharynx skeletal muscle pharynx skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic pharynx skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic pharynx skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx OBOL:automatic Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. EMAPA:18807 MA:0001268 ocular smooth muscle smooth muscle of eye Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. MGI:cwg MP:0005247 ocular smooth muscle MA:0001268 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001391 EMAPA:19192 FMA:262010 MA:0001863 NCIT:C49306 trachea smooth muscle tracheal smooth muscle smooth muscle of trachea A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic trachea smooth muscle MA:0001863 tracheal smooth muscle BTO:0001391 A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition]. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001436 cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac pericardial cavity meso-epithelium pericardial cavity mesothelium mesothelium of pericardial cavity A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity OBOL:automatic mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac OBOL:automatic pericardial cavity meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic pericardial cavity mesothelium OBOL:automatic A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18429 diaphragm meso-epithelium diaphragm mesothelium meso-epithelium of diaphragm meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium thoracic diaphragm mesothelium mesothelium of diaphragm A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic diaphragm meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic diaphragm mesothelium OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of diaphragm OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm OBOL:automatic mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm OBOL:automatic thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic thoracic diaphragm mesothelium OBOL:automatic A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0003155 EHDAA2:0001476 EMAPA:16775 FMA:18148 meso-epithelium of pleural cavity mesothelium of pleura pleural cavity meso-epithelium pleural cavity mesothelium pleural mesothelium pleura mesothelium of pleural cavity A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic meso-epithelium of pleural cavity OBOL:automatic mesothelium of pleura FMA:18148 pleural cavity meso-epithelium OBOL:automatic pleural cavity mesothelium OBOL:automatic pleural mesothelium EMAPA:16775 pleura EMAPA:16775 A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17367 MA:0003233 excretory system mesentery mesentery of excretory system mesentery of renal system mesentery of systema urinaria renal system mesentery systema urinaria mesentery urinary system mesentery mesentery of urinary system A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic excretory system mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of excretory system OBOL:automatic mesentery of renal system OBOL:automatic mesentery of systema urinaria OBOL:automatic renal system mesentery OBOL:automatic systema urinaria mesentery OBOL:automatic urinary system mesentery OBOL:automatic A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:16718 hindgut mesentery mesentery of hindgut A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hindgut mesentery OBOL:automatic A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18664 rectum mesentery mesentery of rectum A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic rectum mesentery OBOL:automatic A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18942 FMA:14645 SCTID:245457004 colon mesentery large bowel mesentery large intestinal mesentery mesentery of large bowel mesentery of large intestine mesocolon mesentery of colon A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic colon mesentery OBOL:automatic large bowel mesentery OBOL:automatic large intestinal mesentery FMA:14645 mesentery of large bowel OBOL:automatic mesentery of large intestine FMA:14645 mesocolon https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1473 A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19081 duodenum mesentery mesentery of duodenum A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic duodenum mesentery OBOL:automatic A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18670 FMA:14651 SCTID:261286003 jejunal mesentery jejunum mesentery mesojejunum mesentery of jejunum A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mesojejunum http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html A zone of skin that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18056 FMA:38265 MA:0000602 SCTID:181537008 forearm skin lower arm skin lower segment of arm skin skin of antebrachial region skin of lower arm skin of lower segment of arm skin of zeugopod of arm skin of forearm A zone of skin that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic forearm skin FMA:38265 lower arm skin OBOL:automatic lower segment of arm skin OBOL:automatic skin of antebrachial region OBOL:automatic skin of lower arm OBOL:automatic skin of lower segment of arm OBOL:automatic skin of zeugopod of arm OBOL:automatic A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18694 MA:0001818 apparatus respiratorius cartilage cartilage of apparatus respiratorius respiratory system cartilage cartilage of respiratory system A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic respiratory system cartilage OBOL:automatic A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:25091 FMA:59503 MA:0003138 cartilago septal nasi nasal septum cartilage septal nasal cartilage cartilage of nasal septum A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cartilago septal nasi FMA:59503 nasal septum cartilage OBOL:automatic septal nasal cartilage FMA:59503 A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18815 MA:0003202 digestive tract gland gland of digestive tract gland of lower gastrointestinal tract gut gland lower gastrointestinal tract gland gland of digestive tract A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digestive tract gland OBOL:automatic gland of digestive tract OBOL:automatic gland of lower gastrointestinal tract OBOL:automatic gut gland MA:0003202 lower gastrointestinal tract gland OBOL:automatic Any of the mucous, serous, or mixed glands that empty their secretions onto the surface of the tongue. EMAPA:25097 lingual gland tongue gland gland of tongue Any of the mucous, serous, or mixed glands that empty their secretions onto the surface of the tongue. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/lingual%20gland lingual gland OBOL:automatic tongue gland OBOL:automatic A gland that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:25095 gland of oral part of pharynx gland of oropharynx oral part of pharynx gland oropharynx gland oropharyngeal gland A gland that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic gland of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic gland of oropharynx EMAPA:25095 oral part of pharynx gland OBOL:automatic oropharynx gland OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. EHDAA2:0001035 EMAPA:16781 TAO:0001386 ZFA:0001386 leg mesenchyme lower limb bud mesenchyme hindlimb bud mesenchyme mesoderm pelvic fin bud pelvic fin bud mesenchyme pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. OBOL:automatic leg mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lower limb bud mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001035 hindlimb bud mesenchyme EMAPA:16781 mesoderm pelvic fin bud ZFA:0001386 pelvic fin bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. EHDAA2:0002135 EHDAA:1703 EMAPA:16408 TAO:0000789 ZFA:0000789 arm mesenchyme forelimb bud mesenchyme mesoderm pectoral fin bud pectoral fin bud mesenchyme upper limb bud mesenchyme wing mesenchyme pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. OBOL:automatic arm mesenchyme OBOL:automatic forelimb bud mesenchyme EMAPA:16408 mesoderm pectoral fin bud ZFA:0000789 pectoral fin bud mesenchyme upper limb bud mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002135 wing mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18443 FMA:312700 nasal septum mesenchyme mesenchyme of nasal septum Mesenchyme that is part of a developing nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nasal septum mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing tongue [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004614 EMAPA:17882 tongue mesenchyme mesenchyme of tongue Mesenchyme that is part of a developing tongue [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic tongue mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004614 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18814 VHOG:0001110 submandibular gland mesenchyme submaxillary gland mesenchyme mesenchyme of submandibular gland Mesenchyme that is part of a developing submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic submandibular gland mesenchyme OBOL:automatic submaxillary gland mesenchyme EMAPA:18814 A gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP]. EMAPA:26127 EMAPA:35925 SCTID:368069009 Wikipedia:Wharton's_jelly Wharton's jelly umbilical cord mesenchyme mesenchyme of umbilical cord A gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP]. Wikipedia:Wharton's_jelly Wharton's jelly EMAPA:26127 umbilical cord mesenchyme OBOL:automatic A lymph node that is located in a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. para-renal lymph node pararenal lymph node perirenal lymph node FMA:276799 MA:0002882 NCIT:C77646 kidney lymph node lymph node of kidney renal lymph node A lymph node that is located in a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic para-renal lymph node PMID:22740822 pararenal lymph node PMID:28346247 perirenal lymph node PMID:35764904 kidney lymph node OBOL:automatic lymph node of kidney OBOL:automatic An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000798 adipose tissue of dermis dermis fat tissue dermis fatty tissue fat tissue of dermis fatty tissue of dermis dermis adipose tissue An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic dermis fat tissue OBOL:automatic dermis fatty tissue OBOL:automatic fat tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000521 nerve of abdomen abdomen nerve A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of abdomen OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000588 neck (volume) nerve nerve of neck nerve of neck (volume) neck nerve A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic neck (volume) nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of neck OBOL:automatic nerve of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000673 nerve of leg leg nerve A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of leg OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000551 anterior thoracic region nerve anterolateral part of thorax nerve front of thorax nerve nerve of anterior thoracic region nerve of anterolateral part of thorax nerve of chest nerve of front of thorax chest nerve A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region nerve OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax nerve OBOL:automatic front of thorax nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic nerve of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic nerve of chest OBOL:automatic nerve of front of thorax OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000595 brachial region nerve nerve of arm nerve of brachial region arm nerve A nerve that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic brachial region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of arm OBOL:automatic nerve of brachial region OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000637 carpal region nerve nerve of carpal region nerve of wrist wrist nerve A nerve that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic carpal region nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of carpal region OBOL:automatic nerve of wrist OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000649 SCTID:300056004 digit of foot nerve digit of terminal segment of free lower limb nerve digitus pedis nerve foot digit nerve hind limb digit nerve nerve of digit of foot nerve of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb nerve of digitus pedis nerve of foot digit nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb digit nerve of toe terminal segment of free lower limb digit nerve toe nerve foot digit nerve pedal digit nerve A nerve that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digit of foot nerve OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb nerve OBOL:automatic digitus pedis nerve OBOL:automatic foot digit nerve MA:0000649 hind limb digit nerve OBOL:accepted nerve of digit of foot OBOL:automatic nerve of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic nerve of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic nerve of foot digit OBOL:automatic nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic nerve of toe OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit nerve OBOL:automatic toe nerve OBOL:automatic foot digit nerve NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A nerve that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000634 nerve of shoulder shoulder nerve A nerve that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of shoulder OBOL:automatic Any nerve that innervates the iris. EMAPA:35449 MA:0001291 nerve of iris ciliary nerve iris nerve Any nerve that innervates the iris. UBERON:cjm nerve of iris OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). MA:0000515 nerve of torso nerve of trunk torso nerve trunk nerve nerve of trunk region A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nerve of torso OBOL:automatic nerve of trunk OBOL:automatic torso nerve OBOL:automatic trunk nerve MA:0000515 A nerve that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000693 SCTID:359923002 nerve of limb limb nerve A nerve that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of limb OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000616 fore limb nerve nerve of fore limb nerve of forelimb nerve of superior member nerve of upper extremity wing nerve forelimb nerve A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fore limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of fore limb OBOL:automatic nerve of forelimb OBOL:automatic nerve of superior member OBOL:automatic nerve of upper extremity OBOL:automatic wing nerve NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000664 hind limb nerve nerve of hind limb nerve of hindlimb nerve of inferior member nerve of lower extremity hindlimb nerve A nerve that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of hind limb OBOL:automatic nerve of hindlimb OBOL:automatic nerve of inferior member OBOL:automatic nerve of lower extremity OBOL:automatic A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000556 cavity of chest nerve cavity of thorax nerve chest cavity nerve nerve of cavity of chest nerve of cavity of thorax nerve of chest cavity nerve of pectoral cavity nerve of thoracic cavity pectoral cavity nerve thoracic cavity nerve A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cavity of chest nerve OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax nerve OBOL:automatic chest cavity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic nerve of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic nerve of chest cavity OBOL:automatic nerve of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic nerve of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity nerve OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000542 nerve of pelvis pelvis nerve A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of pelvis OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000653 foot nerve nerve of foot pes nerve A nerve that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foot nerve MA:0000653 nerve of foot OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000640 nerve of ankle tarsal region nerve neural network of ankle ankle nerve A nerve that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of ankle OBOL:automatic tarsal region nerve https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neural network of ankle FMA:86901 A nerve that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000625 SCTID:181015006 digit of hand nerve digit of terminal segment of free upper limb nerve digitus manus nerve finger nerve hand digit nerve nerve of digit of hand nerve of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb nerve of digitus manus nerve of finger nerve of hand digit nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb digit terminal segment of free upper limb digit nerve digit nerve of manus A nerve that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digit of hand nerve OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb nerve OBOL:automatic digitus manus nerve OBOL:automatic finger nerve OBOL:automatic hand digit nerve MA:0000625 nerve of digit of hand OBOL:automatic nerve of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic nerve of digitus manus OBOL:automatic nerve of finger OBOL:automatic nerve of hand digit OBOL:automatic nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit nerve OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000629 hand nerve nerve of hand nerve of manus manus nerve A nerve that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hand nerve MA:0000629 nerve of hand UBERON:cjm nerve of manus OBOL:automatic A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001824 apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel of respiratory system lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel of respiratory system respiratory system lymph vessel respiratory system lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic lymph vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system lymph vessel OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35996 MA:0000576 SCTID:118646007 adult head bone adult head bone organ bone of adult head bone of head bone organ of adult head bone organ of head head bone organ craniofacial bone Different sources vary regarding which bones are craniofacial; e.g. hyoid bone head bone A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head bone OBOL:automatic adult head bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of adult head OBOL:automatic bone of head OBOL:automatic bone organ of adult head OBOL:automatic bone organ of head OBOL:automatic head bone organ OBOL:automatic craniofacial bone http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000584 bone of neck bone of neck (volume) bone organ of neck bone organ of neck (volume) neck (volume) bone neck (volume) bone organ neck bone organ neck bone A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bone of neck OBOL:automatic bone of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic bone organ of neck OBOL:automatic bone organ of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) bone OBOL:automatic neck (volume) bone organ OBOL:automatic neck bone organ OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18025 MA:0000547 anterior thoracic region bone anterior thoracic region bone organ anterolateral part of thorax bone anterolateral part of thorax bone organ bone of anterior thoracic region bone of anterolateral part of thorax bone of chest bone of front of thorax bone organ of anterior thoracic region bone organ of anterolateral part of thorax bone organ of chest bone organ of front of thorax chest bone organ front of thorax bone front of thorax bone organ chest bone A bone that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region bone OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region bone organ OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax bone OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic bone of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic bone of chest OBOL:automatic bone of front of thorax OBOL:automatic bone organ of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic bone organ of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic bone organ of chest OBOL:automatic bone organ of front of thorax OBOL:automatic chest bone organ OBOL:automatic front of thorax bone OBOL:automatic front of thorax bone organ OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. MA:0000592 arm bone organ bone of arm bone organ of arm bone of upper extremity arm bone A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arm bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of arm OBOL:automatic bone organ of arm OBOL:automatic bone of upper extremity GAID:178 A bone that is connected via a shoulder joint (i.e. glenohumeral or acromioclavicular joints). The shoulder bones are the clavicle, scapula and humerus - but note that these are only considered to be shoulder bones when a true shoulder is present, as in most tetrapods. MA:0000631 bone of shoulder shoulder-articulating bone shoulder bone A bone that is connected via a shoulder joint (i.e. glenohumeral or acromioclavicular joints). The shoulder bones are the clavicle, scapula and humerus - but note that these are only considered to be shoulder bones when a true shoulder is present, as in most tetrapods. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bone of shoulder OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19019 EMAPA:35924 MA:0001482 MA:0003159 NCIT:C63706 SCTID:181799005 bone of facial skeleton facial bone facial skeleton bone bone of viscerocranium viscerocranium bone facial bone A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bone of facial skeleton OBOL:automatic facial bone EMAPA:19019 facial skeleton bone OBOL:automatic bone of viscerocranium OBOL:automatic viscerocranium bone OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36583 MA:0000512 SCTID:427358002 bone of torso bone of trunk bone organ of torso bone organ of trunk torso bone torso bone organ trunk bone organ trunk bone A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bone of torso OBOL:automatic bone of trunk OBOL:automatic bone organ of torso OBOL:automatic bone organ of trunk OBOL:automatic torso bone OBOL:automatic torso bone organ OBOL:automatic trunk bone organ OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any pes phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle). EFO:0003842 GAID:198 NCIT:C12982 SCTID:361370006 bone of hind limb bone of hindlimb bone of inferior member bone of lower extremity bone organ of hind limb bone organ of hindlimb bone organ of lower extremity hind limb bone hind limb bone organ hindlimb bone organ hindlimb bone A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any pes phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bone of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone of lower extremity OBOL:automatic bone organ of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hind limb bone OBOL:automatic hind limb bone organ OBOL:automatic hindlimb bone organ OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35347 MA:0000598 antebrachial region bone antebrachial region bone organ arm zeugopod bone arm zeugopod bone organ lower arm bone zeugopod bone, forelimb zeugopod bone, upper wing zeugopod bone forelimb zeugopod bone A bone that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic antebrachial region bone OBOL:automatic antebrachial region bone organ OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic arm zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic lower arm bone MA:0000598 zeugopod bone, forelimb OBOL:automatic zeugopod bone, upper OBOL:automatic wing zeugopod bone NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter. ureteric artery FMA:70491 MA:0002074 SCTID:65376008 Wikipedia:Ureteral_branches_of_renal_artery ureteric segment of renal artery The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter. Wikipedia:Ureteral_branches_of_renal_artery ureteric artery MA:0002074 An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001804 respiratory system artery An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. FMA:49570 MA:0001917 SCTID:145137009 Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery arteria labialis superior ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis superior labial artery superior labial branch of facial artery artery of upper lip The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery arteria labialis superior Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery superior labial artery FMA:49570 superior labial branch of facial artery FMA:49570 The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. FMA:49567 MA:0001916 SCTID:145036002 Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery arteria labialis inferior inferior labial artery inferior labial branch of facial artery ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis artery of lower lip The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery arteria labialis inferior Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery inferior labial artery FMA:49567 inferior labial branch of facial artery FMA:49567 ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) FMA:TA ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery An artery that supplies blood to the cerebellum. EHDAA2:0000228 EHDAA:5290 MA:0001933 NCIT:C52845 SCTID:278102002 Wikipedia:Cerebellar_artery cerebellar artery An artery that supplies blood to the cerebellum. Wikipedia:Cerebellar_artery An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. MA:0001902 MESH:D013895 thoracic artery thoracic cavity artery An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3317815&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 thoracic artery MESH:A07.231.114.891 One of the arteries supplying a meninix[Automatically generated definition]. GAID:499 MA:0002001 MESH:D008576 Wikipedia:Meningeal_arteries meningeal artery One of the arteries supplying a meninix[Automatically generated definition]. Wikipedia:Meningeal_arteries A vein that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002250 ureter vein vein of ureter ureteric vein A vein that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic ureter vein OBOL:automatic vein of ureter OBOL:automatic A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001809 MA:0001810 apparatus respiratorius vein respiratory system vein vein of apparatus respiratorius vein of respiratory system respiratory system venous blood vessel A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius vein OBOL:automatic respiratory system vein OBOL:automatic vein of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic vein of respiratory system OBOL:automatic The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. FMA:52538 MA:0002255 SCTID:422755007 Wikipedia:Superior_labial_vein superior labial vein upper lip vein vena labialis superior vein of upper lip The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. Wikipedia:Superior_labial_vein superior labial vein FMA:52538 upper lip vein OBOL:automatic vena labialis superior The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. FMA:52541 MA:0002253 SCTID:422955002 Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein inferior labial vein lower lip vein vena labialis inferior venae labiales inferiores vein of lower lip The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein inferior labial vein FMA:52541 lower lip vein OBOL:automatic vena labialis inferior venae labiales inferiores Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001903 cavity of chest vein cavity of thorax vein chest cavity vein pectoral cavity vein vein of cavity of chest vein of cavity of thorax vein of chest cavity vein of pectoral cavity vein of thoracic cavity thoracic cavity vein A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cavity of chest vein OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax vein OBOL:automatic chest cavity vein OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity vein OBOL:automatic vein of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic vein of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic vein of chest cavity OBOL:automatic vein of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic vein of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic A vein that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002252 SCTID:360819004 clitoris vein vein of clitoris A vein that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic clitoris vein OBOL:automatic A portion of lymphoid tissue that is part of a thymus [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002673 MESH:D013950 NCIT:C38515 lymphoid tissue of thymus lymphoid tissue of thymus gland thymus gland lymphoid tissue thymus lymphoid tissue A portion of lymphoid tissue that is part of a thymus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lymphoid tissue of thymus OBOL:automatic lymphoid tissue of thymus gland OBOL:automatic thymus gland lymphoid tissue OBOL:automatic A sebaceous gland that is part of a camera-type eye. Example: a tarsal gland. MA:0002452 camera-type eye sebaceous gland sebaceous gland of camera-type eye sebaceous gland of vertebrate eye vertebrate eye sebaceous gland eye sebaceous gland A sebaceous gland that is part of a camera-type eye. Example: a tarsal gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 camera-type eye sebaceous gland OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye sebaceous gland OBOL:automatic A sebaceous gland that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001732 sebaceous gland of vagina vagina sebaceous gland A sebaceous gland that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland of vagina OBOL:automatic A holocrine gland of the dermis that secretes sebum into hair follicles. MA:0000149 SCTID:115977007 cutaneous sebaceous gland sebaceous gland of skin skin sebaceous gland A holocrine gland of the dermis that secretes sebum into hair follicles. MP:0009535 sebaceous gland of skin OBOL:automatic A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36507 MA:0000787 SCTID:113191002 SCTID:68037003 abdomen lactiferous gland abdomen lobe of breast abdomen lobe of mammary gland abdomen mammary gland lactiferous gland of abdomen lobe of breast of abdomen lobe of mammary gland of abdomen mammary gland of abdomen abdominal mammary gland A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdomen lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic abdomen lobe of breast OBOL:automatic abdomen lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic abdomen mammary gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland of abdomen OBOL:automatic lobe of breast of abdomen OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland of abdomen OBOL:automatic mammary gland of abdomen OBOL:automatic An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001808 apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium of respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary of respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood capillary endothelium respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary respiratory system endothelium of capillary respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel respiratory system capillary endothelium An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of capillary OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001813 apparatus respiratorius venule venule of apparatus respiratorius venule of respiratory system respiratory system venule A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius venule OBOL:automatic venule of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic venule of respiratory system OBOL:automatic An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001803 respiratory system arteriole An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36610 MA:0000575 SCTID:127865000 adult head blood vessel blood vessel of adult head blood vessel of head head blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of adult head OBOL:automatic blood vessel of head OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000518 blood vessel of abdomen abdomen blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of abdomen OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35397 MA:0002483 blood vessel of heart cardiac blood vessel heart blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac blood vessel EMAPA:35397 A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35182 MA:0002769 blood vessel of brain brain blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of brain OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36611 MA:0001241 blood vessel of cornea cornea blood vessel corneal blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3564332&group_id=36855&atid=440764 blood vessel of cornea OBOL:automatic cornea blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36520 GAID:509 MA:0001317 MESH:D012171 SCTID:280692003 XAO:0004153 blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball blood vessel of retina blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball inner layer of eyeball blood vessel retinal blood vessel tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel retina blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball OBOL:automatic blood vessel of retina OBOL:automatic blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball OBOL:automatic inner layer of eyeball blood vessel OBOL:automatic retinal blood vessel OBOL:automatic tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000583 blood vessel of neck blood vessel of neck (volume) neck (volume) blood vessel neck blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of neck OBOL:automatic blood vessel of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36500 MA:0000669 blood vessel of leg leg blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of leg OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35731 EMAPA:35995 MA:0001799 apparatus respiratorius blood vessel blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius blood vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic blood vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a trachea. EMAPA:35874 MA:0001852 blood vessel of trachea trachea blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trachea. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of trachea OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000549 anterior thoracic region blood vessel anterolateral part of thorax blood vessel blood vessel of anterior thoracic region blood vessel of anterolateral part of thorax blood vessel of chest blood vessel of front of thorax front of thorax blood vessel chest blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region blood vessel OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic blood vessel of chest OBOL:automatic blood vessel of front of thorax OBOL:automatic front of thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000591 blood vessel of arm arm blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of arm OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000645 blood vessel of digit of foot blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel of digitus pedis blood vessel of foot digit blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb digit blood vessel of toe digit of foot blood vessel digit of terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel digitus pedis blood vessel foot digit blood vessel hind limb digit blood vessel terminal segment of free lower limb digit blood vessel toe blood vessel foot digit blood vessel pedal digit blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digit of foot OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic blood vessel of foot digit OBOL:automatic blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic blood vessel of toe OBOL:automatic digit of foot blood vessel OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic digitus pedis blood vessel OBOL:automatic foot digit blood vessel MA:0000645 hind limb digit blood vessel OBOL:accepted terminal segment of free lower limb digit blood vessel OBOL:automatic toe blood vessel OBOL:automatic foot digit blood vessel NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. EMAPA:35144 MA:0000061 only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. arterial blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001290 blood vessel of iris iris blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of iris OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32867 MA:0002457 blood vessel of lung pulmonary vascular element lung blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary vascular element EMAPA:32867 A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000511 blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel trunk blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of torso OBOL:automatic blood vessel of trunk OBOL:automatic torso blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36598 MA:0000687 blood vessel of limb limb blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of limb OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000611 anteriormost limb blood vessel blood vessel of anteriormost limb blood vessel of fore limb blood vessel of forelimb blood vessel of upper extremity fore limb blood vessel wing blood vessel forelimb blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of fore limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of forelimb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of upper extremity OBOL:automatic fore limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic wing blood vessel NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000659 blood vessel of hind limb blood vessel of hindlimb blood vessel of lower extremity hind limb blood vessel hindlimb blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hind limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hindlimb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hind limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001682 TAO:0005306 ZFA:0005306 blood vessel of kidney renal blood vessel kidney blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of kidney OBOL:automatic renal blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000554 blood vessel of cavity of chest blood vessel of cavity of thorax blood vessel of chest cavity blood vessel of pectoral cavity blood vessel of thoracic cavity cavity of chest blood vessel cavity of thorax blood vessel chest cavity blood vessel pectoral cavity blood vessel thoracic cavity blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic blood vessel of chest cavity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic cavity of chest blood vessel OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic chest cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000531 blood vessel of pelvis pelvis blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of pelvis OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000642 blood vessel of foot foot blood vessel pes blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of foot OBOL:automatic foot blood vessel MA:0000642 A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000621 blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb digit digit of terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel finger blood vessel hand digit blood vessel terminal segment of free upper limb digit blood vessel hand digit blood vessel manual digit blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel OBOL:automatic finger blood vessel OBOL:automatic hand digit blood vessel MA:0000621 terminal segment of free upper limb digit blood vessel OBOL:automatic hand digit blood vessel NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A blood vessel that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000618 blood vessel of hand blood vessel of manus hand blood vessel manus blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of hand OBOL:automatic blood vessel of manus OBOL:automatic hand blood vessel MA:0000618 A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001807 apparatus respiratorius blood capillary apparatus respiratorius capillary apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius blood capillary of respiratory system capillary of apparatus respiratorius capillary of respiratory system capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood capillary respiratory system capillary vessel respiratory system capillary A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius blood capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel OBOL:automatic blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic blood capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood capillary OBOL:automatic respiratory system capillary vessel OBOL:automatic A capillary that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:31443 MA:0002586 SCTID:275409003 blood capillary of kidney capillary of kidney capillary vessel of kidney kidney blood capillary kidney capillary vessel renal capillary kidney capillary A capillary that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood capillary of kidney OBOL:automatic capillary of kidney OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of kidney OBOL:automatic kidney blood capillary OBOL:automatic kidney capillary vessel OBOL:automatic renal capillary OBOL:automatic A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35184 MA:0000810 NCIT:C49333 brain grey matter brain grey substance gray matter of brain grey matter of brain grey substance of brain brain gray matter A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic brain grey matter MA:0000810 brain grey substance OBOL:automatic gray matter of brain OBOL:automatic grey matter of brain OBOL:automatic grey substance of brain OBOL:automatic An lymphatic vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001825 apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium endothelium of lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel of respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium of respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium of respiratory system respiratory system endothelium of lymph vessel respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium An lymphatic vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic lymph vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic lymph vessel endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32942 FMA:37852 MA:0000650 NCIT:C52719 SCTID:181530005 digit of foot skin digit of terminal segment of free lower limb skin digitus pedis skin foot digit skin hind limb digit skin skin of digit of foot skin of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb skin of digitus pedis skin of foot digit skin of terminal segment of free lower limb digit skin of toe terminal segment of free lower limb digit skin toe skin foot digit skin pedal digit skin A zone of skin that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digit of foot skin OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb skin OBOL:automatic digitus pedis skin OBOL:automatic foot digit skin MA:0000650 hind limb digit skin OBOL:accepted skin of digit of foot OBOL:automatic skin of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic skin of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic skin of foot digit OBOL:automatic skin of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic skin of toe OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit skin OBOL:automatic toe skin OBOL:automatic foot digit skin NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32612 FMA:23101 MA:0000617 NCIT:C12296 SCTID:244130001 anteriormost limb skin fore limb skin skin of fore limb skin of forelimb skin of upper limb upper limb skin wing skin forelimb skin A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb skin OBOL:automatic fore limb skin OBOL:automatic skin of fore limb OBOL:automatic skin of forelimb OBOL:automatic skin of upper limb FMA:23101 upper limb skin FMA:23101 wing skin NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32620 FMA:23102 MA:0000665 NCIT:C12297 SCTID:181528008 hind limb skin lower limb skin skin of hind limb skin of hindlimb skin of lower extremity skin of lower limb hindlimb skin A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb skin OBOL:automatic lower limb skin FMA:23102 lower limb skin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 skin of hind limb OBOL:automatic skin of hindlimb OBOL:automatic skin of lower extremity OBOL:automatic skin of lower limb FMA:23102 A zone of skin that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32648 FMA:38304 MA:0000626 NCIT:C52720 SCTID:361711001 digit of hand skin digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin digitus manus skin finger skin fore limb digit skin hand digit skin skin of digit of hand skin of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin of digitus manus skin of finger skin of hand digit skin of terminal segment of free upper limb digit terminal segment of free upper limb digit skin hand digit skin manual digit skin A zone of skin that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digit of hand skin OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin OBOL:automatic digitus manus skin OBOL:automatic finger skin OBOL:automatic fore limb digit skin OBOL:accepted hand digit skin MA:0000626 skin of digit of hand OBOL:automatic skin of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic skin of digitus manus OBOL:automatic skin of finger OBOL:automatic skin of hand digit OBOL:automatic skin of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit skin OBOL:automatic hand digit skin NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A nerve trunk that is part of a vagus nerve. EHDAA2:0002160 EHDAA:4659 EMAPA:17272 FMA:6221 MA:0001150 SCTID:280308004 VHOG:0000736 trunk of vagal nerve trunk of vagus nerve vagal X nerve trunk vagal nerve trunk vagus nerve trunk vagus neural trunk vagus X nerve trunk A nerve trunk that is part of a vagus nerve. OBOL:automatic trunk of vagus nerve FMA:6221 vagal X nerve trunk EMAPA:17272 vagal nerve trunk EMAPA:17272 vagus neural trunk FMA:6221 A meninx that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2147 EMAPA:32662 MA:0000813 SCTID:180949007 VHOG:0000013 brain meninges meninges of brain meninx of brain brain meninx A meninx that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic brain meninges OBOL:automatic meninges of brain OBOL:automatic meninx of brain OBOL:automatic A meninx that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000883 forebrain meninx meninges of forebrain meninx of forebrain forebrain meninges A meninx that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic forebrain meninx OBOL:automatic meninges of forebrain OBOL:automatic meninx of forebrain OBOL:automatic A dura mater that is part of a forebrain. MA:0000885 dura mater of forebrain dura mater of neuraxis of forebrain forebrain dura mater of neuraxis forebrain dura mater A dura mater that is part of a forebrain. OBOL:automatic dura mater of forebrain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of forebrain OBOL:automatic forebrain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic A dura mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17793 MA:0001060 VHOG:0000410 dura mater of midbrain dura mater of neuraxis of midbrain midbrain dura mater of neuraxis mesencephalon dura mater midbrain dura mater A dura mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic dura mater of midbrain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of midbrain OBOL:automatic midbrain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic mesencephalon dura mater VHOG:0000410 A dura mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17776 MA:0000981 dura mater of neuraxis of telencephalon dura mater of telencephalon telencephalon dura mater of neuraxis telencephalon dura mater A dura mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of telencephalon OBOL:automatic dura mater of telencephalon OBOL:automatic telencephalon dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic A dura mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17766 MA:0000828 VHOG:0000258 between brain dura mater between brain dura mater of neuraxis diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis dura mater of between brain dura mater of diencephalon dura mater of interbrain dura mater of mature diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis of between brain dura mater of neuraxis of diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis of interbrain dura mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon interbrain dura mater interbrain dura mater of neuraxis mature diencephalon dura mater mature diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis diencephalon dura mater A dura mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic between brain dura mater OBOL:automatic between brain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic dura mater of between brain OBOL:automatic dura mater of diencephalon OBOL:automatic dura mater of interbrain OBOL:automatic dura mater of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of between brain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of diencephalon OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of interbrain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon OBOL:automatic interbrain dura mater OBOL:automatic interbrain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon dura mater OBOL:automatic mature diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic A dura mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17785 MA:0000989 VHOG:0000409 dura mater of hindbrain dura mater of neuraxis of hindbrain hindbrain dura mater of neuraxis rhombencephalon dura mater hindbrain dura mater A dura mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic dura mater of hindbrain OBOL:automatic dura mater of neuraxis of hindbrain OBOL:automatic hindbrain dura mater of neuraxis OBOL:automatic rhombencephalon dura mater VHOG:0000409 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000577 adult head connective tissue adult head portion of connective tissue adult head textus connectivus connective tissue of adult head connective tissue of head head portion of connective tissue head textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of adult head portion of connective tissue of head textus connectivus of adult head textus connectivus of head head connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head connective tissue OBOL:automatic adult head portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic adult head textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of adult head OBOL:automatic connective tissue of head OBOL:automatic head portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic head textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of adult head OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of head OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of adult head OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of head OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000519 abdomen portion of connective tissue abdomen textus connectivus connective tissue of abdomen portion of connective tissue of abdomen textus connectivus of abdomen abdomen connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdomen portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic abdomen textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of abdomen OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of abdomen OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of abdomen OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000585 connective tissue of neck connective tissue of neck (volume) neck (volume) connective tissue neck (volume) portion of connective tissue neck (volume) textus connectivus neck portion of connective tissue neck textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of neck portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) textus connectivus of neck textus connectivus of neck (volume) neck connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of neck OBOL:automatic connective tissue of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) connective tissue OBOL:automatic neck (volume) portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic neck (volume) textus connectivus OBOL:automatic neck portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic neck textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of neck OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of neck OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000671 connective tissue of leg leg portion of connective tissue leg textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of leg textus connectivus of leg leg connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of leg OBOL:automatic leg portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic leg textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of leg OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of leg OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35968 EMAPA:35977 MA:0001814 apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system respiratory system connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic respiratory system textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of respiratory system OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trachea. EMAPA:35876 MA:0001853 connective tissue of trachea connective tissue of windpipe trachea connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trachea. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of trachea OBOL:automatic connective tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000550 anterior thoracic region connective tissue anterior thoracic region portion of connective tissue anterior thoracic region textus connectivus anterolateral part of thorax connective tissue anterolateral part of thorax portion of connective tissue anterolateral part of thorax textus connectivus chest portion of connective tissue chest textus connectivus connective tissue of anterior thoracic region connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax connective tissue of chest connective tissue of front of thorax front of thorax connective tissue front of thorax portion of connective tissue front of thorax textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of anterior thoracic region portion of connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax portion of connective tissue of chest portion of connective tissue of front of thorax textus connectivus of anterior thoracic region textus connectivus of anterolateral part of thorax textus connectivus of chest textus connectivus of front of thorax chest connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region connective tissue OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic anterior thoracic region textus connectivus OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic anterolateral part of thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic chest portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic chest textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic connective tissue of chest OBOL:automatic connective tissue of front of thorax OBOL:automatic front of thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic front of thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic front of thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of chest OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of front of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of anterior thoracic region OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of anterolateral part of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of chest OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of front of thorax OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000593 arm connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000609 connective tissue of cubital region connective tissue of elbow textus connectivus of cubital region elbow connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cubital region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of elbow OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cubital region OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000636 carpal region connective tissue connective tissue of carpal region connective tissue of wrist wrist connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic carpal region connective tissue OBOL:automatic connective tissue of carpal region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of wrist OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000656 connective tissue of hip connective tissue of hip region connective tissue of regio coxae hip connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hip OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hip region OBOL:automatic connective tissue of regio coxae OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000667 connective tissue of knee knee portion of connective tissue knee connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of knee OBOL:automatic knee portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000647 connective tissue of digit of foot connective tissue of digitus pedis connective tissue of foot digit connective tissue of toe digitus pedis textus connectivus foot digit connective tissue hind limb digit connective tissue foot digit connective tissue pedal digit connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digit of foot OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic connective tissue of foot digit OBOL:automatic connective tissue of toe OBOL:automatic digitus pedis textus connectivus OBOL:automatic foot digit connective tissue MA:0000647 hind limb digit connective tissue OBOL:accepted foot digit connective tissue NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000632 connective tissue of shoulder portion of connective tissue of shoulder shoulder portion of connective tissue shoulder textus connectivus textus connectivus of shoulder shoulder connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of shoulder OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of shoulder OBOL:automatic shoulder portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic shoulder textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of shoulder OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002409 connective tissue of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue lower respiratory tract textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001864 connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx connective tissue of nasopharynx connective tissue of rhinopharynx nasal part of pharynx connective tissue nasal part of pharynx portion of connective tissue nasal part of pharynx textus connectivus nasopharynx portion of connective tissue nasopharynx textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx portion of connective tissue of nasopharynx portion of connective tissue of rhinopharynx rhinopharynx connective tissue rhinopharynx portion of connective tissue rhinopharynx textus connectivus textus connectivus of nasal part of pharynx textus connectivus of nasopharynx textus connectivus of rhinopharynx nasopharynx connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic connective tissue of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic connective tissue of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx connective tissue OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx textus connectivus OBOL:automatic nasopharynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic nasopharynx textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx connective tissue OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35471 MA:0001754 NCIT:C49245 connective tissue of larynx larynx portion of connective tissue larynx textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of larynx textus connectivus of larynx laryngeal connective tissue larynx connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of larynx OBOL:automatic larynx portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic larynx textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of larynx OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of larynx OBOL:automatic laryngeal connective tissue EMAPA:35471 The fibrous supportive tissue of the mammary gland. EMAPA:35537 FMA:74479 FMA:74483 MA:0002897 connective tissue of lactiferous gland connective tissue of lobe of breast connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland connective tissue of mammary gland lactiferous gland connective tissue lactiferous gland portion of connective tissue lactiferous gland stroma mammary gland stroma mammary stroma stroma of lactiferous gland mammary gland connective tissue The fibrous supportive tissue of the mammary gland. MP:0009507 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1151 connective tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic connective tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland connective tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland stroma https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1151 mammary gland stroma https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1151 mammary stroma https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1151 stroma of lactiferous gland FMA:74483 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36509 MA:0000799 connective tissue of dermis dermis portion of connective tissue dermis textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of dermis textus connectivus of dermis dermis connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic dermis portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic dermis textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of dermis OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000513 connective tissue of torso connective tissue of trunk portion of connective tissue of torso portion of connective tissue of trunk textus connectivus of torso textus connectivus of trunk torso connective tissue torso portion of connective tissue torso textus connectivus trunk portion of connective tissue trunk textus connectivus trunk connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of torso OBOL:automatic connective tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of torso OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of torso OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of trunk OBOL:automatic torso connective tissue OBOL:automatic torso portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic torso textus connectivus OBOL:automatic trunk portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic trunk textus connectivus OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000689 connective tissue of limb limb portion of connective tissue limb textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of limb textus connectivus of limb limb connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of limb OBOL:automatic limb portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic limb textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of limb OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of limb OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000613 connective tissue of anteriormost limb connective tissue of fore limb connective tissue of forelimb connective tissue of superior member connective tissue of upper extremity wing connective tissue forelimb connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of fore limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of forelimb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of superior member OBOL:automatic connective tissue of upper extremity OBOL:automatic wing connective tissue NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000661 connective tissue of hind limb connective tissue of hindlimb connective tissue of inferior member connective tissue of lower extremity hind limb connective tissue hindlimb connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hind limb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hindlimb OBOL:automatic connective tissue of inferior member OBOL:automatic connective tissue of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hind limb connective tissue OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32690 EMAPA:35193 MA:0001831 NCIT:C49210 bronchi connective tissue bronchi portion of connective tissue bronchi textus connectivus bronchial trunk connective tissue bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue bronchial trunk textus connectivus bronchus portion of connective tissue bronchus textus connectivus connective tissue of bronchi connective tissue of bronchial trunk connective tissue of bronchus portion of connective tissue of bronchi portion of connective tissue of bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue of bronchus textus connectivus of bronchi textus connectivus of bronchial trunk textus connectivus of bronchus bronchial connective tissue bronchial mesenchyme bronchus connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bronchi connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi textus connectivus OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk textus connectivus OBOL:automatic bronchus portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchus textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic connective tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic connective tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of bronchi OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchial connective tissue EMAPA:35193 bronchial mesenchyme EMAPA:32690 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000555 cavity of chest connective tissue cavity of chest portion of connective tissue cavity of chest textus connectivus cavity of thorax connective tissue cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue cavity of thorax textus connectivus chest cavity connective tissue chest cavity portion of connective tissue chest cavity textus connectivus connective tissue of cavity of chest connective tissue of cavity of thorax connective tissue of chest cavity connective tissue of pectoral cavity connective tissue of thoracic cavity pectoral cavity connective tissue pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue pectoral cavity textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue of chest cavity portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity textus connectivus of cavity of chest textus connectivus of cavity of thorax textus connectivus of chest cavity textus connectivus of pectoral cavity textus connectivus of thoracic cavity thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue thoracic cavity textus connectivus thoracic cavity connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cavity of chest connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of chest portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of chest textus connectivus OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic chest cavity connective tissue OBOL:automatic chest cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic chest cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic connective tissue of chest cavity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity connective tissue OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of chest cavity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of chest cavity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000533 connective tissue of pelvis pelvis portion of connective tissue pelvis textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of pelvis textus connectivus of pelvis pelvis connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of pelvis OBOL:automatic pelvis portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic pelvis textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of pelvis OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of pelvis OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000644 connective tissue of foot connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb foot connective tissue textus connectivus of pes pes connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of foot OBOL:automatic connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic foot connective tissue MA:0000644 textus connectivus of pes OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000639 connective tissue of ankle tarsal region connective tissue ankle connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of ankle OBOL:automatic tarsal region connective tissue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000623 connective tissue of digit of hand connective tissue of digitus manus connective tissue of finger connective tissue of hand digit fore limb digit connective tissue hand digit connective tissue hand digit connective tissue manual digit connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digit of hand OBOL:automatic connective tissue of digitus manus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of finger OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hand digit OBOL:automatic fore limb digit connective tissue OBOL:accepted hand digit connective tissue MA:0000623 hand digit connective tissue NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35392 MA:0000620 connective tissue of hand connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb hand connective tissue manus connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of hand OBOL:automatic connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic hand connective tissue MA:0000620 A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000586 cartilage of neck cartilage of neck (volume) neck (volume) cartilage neck cartilage A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cartilage of neck OBOL:automatic cartilage of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) cartilage OBOL:automatic A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001819 NCIT:C49256 cartilage of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract cartilage A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cartilage of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic The ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea. EMAPA:18699 EMAPA:35875 FMA:7434 MA:0001857 NCIT:C49304 SCTID:278979006 Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings cartilage of trachea cartilage of windpipe cartilaginous ring of trachea cartilaginous trachea cartilage cartilago trachealis tracheal cartilage windpipe cartilage cartilage of the trachea cartilagines tracheales ring of the trachea trachea ring tracheal ring trachea cartilage The ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea. J:97123 MGI:smb MP:0003120 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cartilage of trachea OBOL:automatic cartilage of windpipe OBOL:automatic cartilaginous ring of trachea EMAPA:18699 cartilaginous trachea cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilago trachealis FMA:7434 tracheal cartilage FMA:7434 windpipe cartilage OBOL:automatic cartilage of the trachea Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings cartilagines tracheales Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings ring of the trachea Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings tracheal ring Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002451 camera-type eye skin gland camera-type eye skin glands camera-type eye skin glands set skin gland of camera-type eye skin gland of vertebrate eye skin glands of camera-type eye skin glands of vertebrate eye skin glands set of camera-type eye skin glands set of vertebrate eye vertebrate eye skin gland vertebrate eye skin glands vertebrate eye skin glands set eye skin gland A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin gland OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin glands OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin glands set OBOL:automatic skin gland of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic skin gland of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic skin glands of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic skin glands of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic skin glands set of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic skin glands set of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin gland OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin glands OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin glands set OBOL:automatic A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35495 MA:0000298 long bone of limb limb long bone A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic long bone of limb OBOL:automatic A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35350 MA:0000299 anteriormost limb long bone fore limb long bone long bone of anteriormost limb long bone of fore limb long bone of forelimb long bone of superior member long bone of upper extremity superior member long bone upper extremity long bone wing long bone forelimb long bone A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb long bone OBOL:automatic fore limb long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic long bone of fore limb OBOL:automatic long bone of forelimb OBOL:automatic long bone of superior member OBOL:automatic long bone of upper extremity OBOL:automatic superior member long bone OBOL:automatic upper extremity long bone OBOL:automatic wing long bone NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A long bone that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35403 MA:0000300 hind limb long bone inferior member long bone long bone of hind limb long bone of hindlimb long bone of inferior member long bone of lower extremity lower extremity long bone hindlimb long bone A long bone that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb long bone OBOL:automatic inferior member long bone OBOL:automatic long bone of hind limb OBOL:automatic long bone of hindlimb OBOL:automatic long bone of inferior member OBOL:automatic long bone of lower extremity OBOL:automatic lower extremity long bone OBOL:automatic The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. MA:0002859 adult aorta elastic connective tissue adult aorta elastic tissue adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus aorta elastic connective tissue aorta elastic lamina aorta elastic laminae aorta textus connectivus elasticus dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue dorsal aorta elastic tissue dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of adult aorta elastic connective tissue of aorta elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue of adult aorta elastic tissue of aorta elastic tissue of dorsal aorta elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus of aorta textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus aorta elastic tissue The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall. MP:0009862 adult aorta elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic adult aorta elastic tissue OBOL:automatic adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic aorta elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic aorta elastic lamina MP:0009862 aorta elastic laminae MP:0009862 aorta textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta elastic tissue OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of adult aorta OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of aorta OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of adult aorta OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of aorta OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of aorta OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. MA:0002858 cardiac elastic tissue elastic connective tissue of heart elastic tissue of heart heart elastic connective tissue heart textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of heart heart elastic tissue The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. MP:0009863 cardiac elastic tissue MP:0009863 elastic connective tissue of heart OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of heart OBOL:automatic heart elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic heart textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of heart OBOL:automatic An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001820 apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue of respiratory system elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue of respiratory system respiratory system elastic connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system respiratory system elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system OBOL:automatic An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002857 cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus circulatory system elastic connective tissue circulatory system elastic tissue circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue of circulatory system elastic tissue of cardiovascular system elastic tissue of circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system cardiovascular system elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic circulatory system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic circulatory system elastic tissue OBOL:automatic circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of circulatory system OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of circulatory system OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system OBOL:automatic Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. elastic lamina elastic laminae EMAPA:36300 MA:0002856 blood vessel elastic connective tissue blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of blood vessel elastic tissue of blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel vascular elastic lamina vascular elastic laminae vascular elastic tissue blood vessel elastic tissue Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/mammalian-phenotype-requests/2026/ elastic lamina MP:0006083 elastic laminae MP:0006083 blood vessel elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel OBOL:automatic vascular elastic lamina http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vascular elastic laminae http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vascular elastic tissue MP:0006083 Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002860 elastic connective tissue of lung elastic tissue of lung lung elastic connective tissue lung textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of lung pulmonary elastic fiber lung elastic tissue Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of lung OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of lung OBOL:automatic lung elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic lung textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary elastic fiber http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001838 NCIT:C49211 bronchi elastic connective tissue bronchi elastic tissue bronchi textus connectivus elasticus bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue bronchial trunk elastic tissue bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus bronchus elastic connective tissue bronchus textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of bronchi elastic connective tissue of bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue of bronchus elastic tissue of bronchi elastic tissue of bronchial trunk elastic tissue of bronchus textus connectivus elasticus of bronchi textus connectivus elasticus of bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus of bronchus bronchus elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bronchi elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi elastic tissue OBOL:automatic bronchi textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk elastic tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic bronchus elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic bronchus textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of bronchi OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of bronchus OBOL:automatic An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001861 cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue of vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue of windpipe elastic tissue of cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue of vertebrate trachea elastic tissue of windpipe textus connectivus elasticus of cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus of vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus of windpipe vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue vertebrate trachea elastic tissue vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus windpipe elastic connective tissue windpipe elastic tissue windpipe textus connectivus elasticus trachea elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue OBOL:automatic cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of vertebrate trachea OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of vertebrate trachea OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of windpipe OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of vertebrate trachea OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of windpipe OBOL:automatic vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic vertebrate trachea elastic tissue OBOL:automatic vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic windpipe elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic windpipe elastic tissue OBOL:automatic windpipe textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. EMAPA:35138 FMA:74433 MA:0002903 SCTID:48467007 adult aorta tunica media dorsal aorta tunica media trunk of aortic tree tunica media tunica media of adult aorta tunica media of aorta tunica media of dorsal aorta tunica media of trunk of aortic tree aorta tunica media The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers. MP:0009873 adult aorta tunica media OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta tunica media OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree tunica media OBOL:automatic tunica media of adult aorta OBOL:automatic tunica media of aorta OBOL:automatic tunica media of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic tunica media of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. BTO:0005553 EMAPA:35137 FMA:74419 MA:0002904 SCTID:362031007 adult aorta tunica intima dorsal aorta tunica intima trunk of aortic tree tunica intima tunica intima of adult aorta tunica intima of aorta tunica intima of dorsal aorta tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree aorta tunica intima The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane. MP:0009872 adult aorta tunica intima OBOL:automatic dorsal aorta tunica intima OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree tunica intima OBOL:automatic tunica intima of adult aorta OBOL:automatic tunica intima of aorta OBOL:automatic tunica intima of dorsal aorta OBOL:automatic tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19113 FMA:35477 MA:0001389 NCIT:C52777 SCTID:181975002 fore limb digit 1 phalanx hand digit 1 phalanx manual digit I phalanx phalanx of hand digit 1 phalanx of thumb thumb phalanx hand digit 1 phalanx manual digit 1 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 1 phalanx OBOL:accepted hand digit 1 phalanx MA:0001389 manual digit I phalanx https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 phalanx of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic phalanx of thumb OBOL:automatic thumb phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit 1 phalanx NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted 5th digit of the manus. AAO:0010643 EHDAA2:0000535 EMAPA:17441 FMA:24949 MA:0000458 NCIT:C52838 SCTID:362773007 Wikipedia:Little_finger 5th digit of hand 5th finger digit 5 of fore-paw fifth digit of hand fifth finger finger 5 fore digit V fore limb digit 5 hand digit 5 manual digit V hand digit 5 little finger manual digitus V manual digitus minimus manus digiti minimi manus quintus manual digit 5 5th digit of the manus. Wikipedia:Little_finger digit 5 of fore-paw EMAPA:17441 fifth digit of hand FMA:24949 finger 5 EHDAA2:0000535 fore digit V AAO:0010643 fore limb digit 5 OBOL:accepted hand digit 5 MA:0000458 manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 5 NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted manual digitus V Wikipedia:Little_finger manual digitus minimus Wikipedia:Little_finger manus quintus Wikipedia:Little_finger 1st digit of the hind autopod. AAO:0010644 BTO:0002349 EHDAA2:0002037 EMAPA:17460 FMA:25047 GAID:45 MA:0000465 MESH:D006214 NCIT:C52839 SCTID:21699005 SCTID:302546000 VSAO:0000201 Wikipedia:Hallux digit 1 of hind-paw digit 1 of pes digitus primus pedis foot digit 1 great toe hallex hallux hallux; digitus primus [I] hind digit 1 hind digit I hind limb digit 1 pedal digit 1 pedal digit I pes digit I preaxial digit of hindlimb toe 1 big toe foot digit 1 hindlimb dewclaw digitus primus (I) pedis first toe large toe pedal digit 1 1st digit of the hind autopod. Wikipedia:Hallux digit 1 of hind-paw EMAPA:17460 digitus primus pedis foot digit 1 MA:0000465 great toe FMA:25047 hallux FMA:TA hallux; digitus primus [I] FMA:25047 hind digit I AAO:0010644 hind limb digit 1 OBOL:accepted pedal digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 toe 1 EHDAA2:0002037 foot digit 1 NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted hindlimb dewclaw Wikipedia:Dewclaw digitus primus (I) pedis BTO:0002349 first toe EMAPA:17460 large toe EMAPA:17460 5th digit of the hind autopod. AAO:0010658 BTO:0002353 EHDAA2:0002057 EMAPA:17472 FMA:25053 MA:0000469 NCIT:C52843 SCTID:362830009 Wikipedia:Fifth_toe 5th toe digit 5 of hind-paw digitus V of pes digitus minimus pedis digitus minimus; digitus quintus [v] digitus quintus [V] digitus quintus [V] pedis digitus quintus of pes digitus quintus pedis fifth digit of foot fifth toe foot digit 5 hind digit 5 hind digit V hind limb digit 5 pedal digit V pedal digitus minimus pes digit V toe 5 foot digit 5 little toe digitus quintus (V) pedis pedal digit 5 5th digit of the hind autopod. Wikipedia:Fifth_toe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 5 of hind-paw EMAPA:17472 digitus minimus pedis Wikipedia:Fifth_toe digitus minimus; digitus quintus [v] FMA:25053 digitus quintus [V] FMA:25053 digitus quintus [V] pedis FMA:25053 FMA:TA digitus quintus pedis Wikipedia:Fifth_toe fifth digit of foot FMA:25053 fifth toe FMA:25053 foot digit 5 MA:0000469 hind digit V AAO:0010658 hind limb digit 5 OBOL:accepted pedal digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 toe 5 EHDAA2:0002057 foot digit 5 NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted digitus quintus (V) pedis BTO:0002353 A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19121 FMA:35489 MA:0001393 NCIT:C52773 SCTID:361789008 5 th digit of hand digit long bone 5 th digit of hand long bone of digit 5 th digit of hand phalanx 5 th finger digit long bone 5 th finger long bone of digit 5 th finger phalanx digit long bone of 5 th digit of hand digit long bone of 5 th finger digit long bone of fifth finger digit long bone of hand digit 5 fifth finger digit long bone fifth finger long bone of digit fifth finger phalanx fore limb digit 5 phalanx hand digit 5 digit long bone hand digit 5 long bone of digit hand digit 5 phalanx little finger phalanx long bone of digit of 5 th digit of hand long bone of digit of 5 th finger long bone of digit of fifth finger long bone of digit of hand digit 5 manual digit V phalanx phalanx of 5 th digit of hand phalanx of 5 th finger phalanx of 5th finger phalanx of fifth digit of hand phalanx of fifth finger phalanx of hand digit 5 phalanx of little finger phalanx of manual digitus minimus hand digit 5 phalanx manual digit 5 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic 5 th digit of hand digit long bone OBOL:automatic 5 th digit of hand long bone of digit OBOL:automatic 5 th digit of hand phalanx OBOL:automatic 5 th finger digit long bone OBOL:automatic 5 th finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic 5 th finger phalanx OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 5 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic digit long bone of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic digit long bone of fifth finger OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic fifth finger digit long bone OBOL:automatic fifth finger long bone of digit OBOL:automatic fifth finger phalanx OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 5 phalanx OBOL:accepted hand digit 5 digit long bone OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 phalanx MA:0001393 little finger phalanx FMA:35489 long bone of digit of 5 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of fifth finger OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic manual digit V phalanx https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 phalanx of 5 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic phalanx of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:35489 phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic phalanx of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic phalanx of little finger FMA:35489 phalanx of manual digitus minimus OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 phalanx NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19124 FMA:32884 MA:0001381 NCIT:C52778 SCTID:361798006 big toe phalanx digit long bone of foot digit 1 digit long bone of hallux foot digit 1 digit long bone foot digit 1 long bone of digit foot digit 1 phalanx hallux digit long bone hallux long bone of digit hallux phalanx hind limb digit 1 phalanx long bone of digit of foot digit 1 long bone of digit of hallux pedal digit I phalanx phalanx of big toe phalanx of first digit of foot phalanx of foot digit 1 phalanx of great toe phalanx of hallux foot digit 1 phalanx phalanx of first toe pedal digit 1 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic big toe phalanx FMA:32884 digit long bone of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic digit long bone of hallux OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 digit long bone OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 phalanx MA:0001381 hallux digit long bone OBOL:automatic hallux long bone of digit OBOL:automatic hallux phalanx OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 1 phalanx OBOL:accepted long bone of digit of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic long bone of digit of hallux OBOL:automatic pedal digit I phalanx https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 phalanx of big toe FMA:32884 phalanx of first digit of foot FMA:32884 phalanx of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic phalanx of great toe FMA:32884 phalanx of hallux OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 phalanx NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted phalanx of first toe FMA:32884 An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001800 respiratory system arterial blood vessel An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An arterial blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:31436 MA:0002578 kidney arterial system kidney arterial blood vessel An arterial blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic kidney arterial system EMAPA:31436 A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1. AAO:0010616 EMAPA:19112 FMA:23899 MA:0001364 NCIT:C52796 SCTID:181973009 finger 1 metacarpus first digit of hand metacarpal first digit of hand metacarpal bone first metacarpal bone hand digit 1 metacarpal hand digit 1 metacarpal bone manual digit 1 metacarpus metacarpal 1 metacarpal I metacarpal bone digit 1 metacarpal bone of digit I metacarpal bone of first digit of hand metacarpal bone of hand digit 1 metacarpal bone of thumb metacarpal of first digit of hand metacarpal of hand digit 1 metacarpal of thumb thumb metacarpal thumb metacarpal bone forelimb digit 1 metacarpus metacarpal bone of digit 1 A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1. OBOL:automatic first digit of hand metacarpal OBOL:automatic first digit of hand metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic first metacarpal bone FMA:23899 hand digit 1 metacarpal OBOL:automatic hand digit 1 metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal I FMA:23899 metacarpal bone digit 1 MA:0001364 metacarpal bone of digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metacarpal bone of first digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of thumb OBOL:automatic metacarpal of first digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal of hand digit 1 OBOL:automatic metacarpal of thumb OBOL:automatic thumb metacarpal OBOL:automatic thumb metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic forelimb digit 1 metacarpus EMAPA:19112 A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5. AAO:0000855 EMAPA:19120 FMA:23903 MA:0001368 NCIT:C52792 SCTID:263402008 5 th digit of hand metacarpal 5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone 5 th finger metacarpal 5 th finger metacarpal bone fifth finger metacarpal fifth finger metacarpal bone fifth metacarpal bone finger 5 metacarpus hand digit 5 metacarpal hand digit 5 metacarpal bone manual digit 5 metacarpus metacarpal 5 metacarpal V metacarpal bone digit 5 metacarpal bone of 5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone of 5 th finger metacarpal bone of digit V metacarpal bone of fifth finger metacarpal bone of hand digit 5 metacarpal of 5 th digit of hand metacarpal of 5 th finger metacarpal of fifth finger metacarpal of hand digit 5 forelimb digit 5 metacarpus metacarpal bone of digit 5 A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5. OBOL:automatic 5 th digit of hand metacarpal OBOL:automatic 5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic 5 th finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic 5 th finger metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic fifth finger metacarpal OBOL:automatic fifth finger metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic fifth metacarpal bone FMA:23903 hand digit 5 metacarpal OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 metacarpal bone OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone digit 5 MA:0001368 metacarpal bone of 5 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metacarpal bone of fifth finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 5 th digit of hand OBOL:automatic metacarpal of 5 th finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal of fifth finger OBOL:automatic metacarpal of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic forelimb digit 5 metacarpus EMAPA:19120 A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1. AAO:0000925 EMAPA:19123 FMA:24502 MA:0001369 NCIT:C52791 SCTID:182121005 first metatarsal bone foot digit 1 metatarsal bone hallux metatarsal bone metatarsal 1 metatarsal I metatarsal bone digit 1 metatarsal bone of digit I metatarsal bone of foot digit 1 metatarsal bone of hallux toe 1 metatarsal toe 1 metatarsus hindlimb digit 1 metatarsus metatarsal bone of digit 1 A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1. OBOL:automatic first metatarsal bone FMA:24502 foot digit 1 metatarsal bone OBOL:automatic hallux metatarsal bone OBOL:automatic metatarsal I AAO:0000925 metatarsal bone digit 1 MA:0001369 metatarsal bone of digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metatarsal bone of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone of hallux OBOL:automatic hindlimb digit 1 metatarsus EMAPA:19123 A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5. AAO:0000929 EMAPA:19131 FMA:24506 MA:0001373 NCIT:C52787 SCTID:182144008 fifth metatarsal bone foot digit 5 metatarsal bone metatarsal 5 metatarsal V metatarsal bone digit 5 metatarsal bone of digit V metatarsal bone of foot digit 5 toe 5 metatarsal toe 5 metatarsus hindlimb digit 5 metatarsus metatarsal bone of digit 5 A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5. OBOL:automatic fifth metatarsal bone FMA:24506 foot digit 5 metatarsal bone OBOL:automatic metatarsal V AAO:0000929 metatarsal bone digit 5 MA:0001373 metatarsal bone of digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metatarsal bone of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic hindlimb digit 5 metatarsus EMAPA:19131 A bone that is part of a mesopodial skeleton. EMAPA:36579 MA:0000295 Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates basipodium bone carpal/tarsal bone mesopod bone mesopodial bone mesopodium bone A bone that is part of a mesopodial skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 basipodium bone MA:th carpal/tarsal bone MA:0000295 Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. EMAPA:36501 FMA:321558 MA:0000691 SCTID:312683002 galen:LimbJoint joint of limb joint of limb skeletal system skeletal limb joint Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses limb joint Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 joint of limb skeletal system OBOL:automatic skeletal limb joint GO:0036023 Any muscle organ that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000657 hip muscle organ hip region muscle organ muscle organ of hip muscle organ of hip region muscle organ of regio coxae regio coxae muscle organ hip muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hip muscle organ OBOL:automatic hip region muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hip OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hip region OBOL:automatic muscle organ of regio coxae OBOL:automatic regio coxae muscle organ OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000648 digit of foot muscle organ digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ digitus pedis muscle organ foot digit muscle foot digit muscle organ hind limb digit muscle muscle organ of digit of foot muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ of digitus pedis muscle organ of foot digit muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ of toe terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ toe muscle organ foot digit muscle pedal digit muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digit of foot muscle organ OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic digitus pedis muscle organ OBOL:automatic foot digit muscle MA:0000648 foot digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic hind limb digit muscle OBOL:accepted muscle organ of digit of foot OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digitus pedis OBOL:automatic muscle organ of foot digit OBOL:automatic muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit OBOL:automatic muscle organ of toe OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic toe muscle organ OBOL:automatic foot digit muscle NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted Any muscle organ that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000692 limb muscle organ limb skeletal muscle muscle organ of limb limb muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic limb muscle organ OBOL:accepted limb skeletal muscle OBOL:exploratory muscle organ of limb OBOL:accepted Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb. AAO:0000204 BTO:0000479 EMAPA:36049 FMA:37348 fore limb muscle organ forelimb muscle organ free upper limb muscle muscle of free upper limb muscle of upper limb upper limb skeletal muscle wing muscle arm muscle system musculature of arm musculature of the arm forelimb muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb. OBOL:automatic fore limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic forelimb muscle organ OBOL:automatic free upper limb muscle FMA:37348 muscle of free upper limb FMA:37348 muscle of upper limb FMA:9621 upper limb skeletal muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 wing muscle Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic arm muscle system EHDAA2:0000141 musculature of arm musculature of the arm Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0000222 EFO:0001928 FMA:37368 free lower limb muscle hind limb muscle organ hindlimb muscle organ inferior member muscle organ lower extremity muscle organ lower limb skeletal muscle muscle of free lower limb muscle of posterior limb muscle organ of hind limb muscle organ of hindlimb muscle organ of inferior member muscle organ of lower extremity hindlimb muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic free lower limb muscle FMA:37368 hind limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic hindlimb muscle organ OBOL:automatic inferior member muscle organ OBOL:automatic lower extremity muscle organ OBOL:automatic lower limb skeletal muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle of free lower limb FMA:37368 muscle of posterior limb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle organ of hind limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hindlimb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of inferior member OBOL:automatic muscle organ of lower extremity OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000624 digit of hand muscle organ digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ digitus manus muscle organ finger muscle organ fore limb digit muscle hand digit muscle hand digit muscle organ muscle organ of digit of hand muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ of digitus manus muscle organ of finger muscle organ of hand digit muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit terminal segment of free upper limb digit muscle organ hand digit muscle manual digit muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digit of hand muscle organ OBOL:automatic digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ OBOL:automatic digitus manus muscle organ OBOL:automatic finger muscle organ OBOL:automatic fore limb digit muscle OBOL:accepted hand digit muscle MA:0000624 hand digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digit of hand OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb OBOL:automatic muscle organ of digitus manus OBOL:automatic muscle organ of finger OBOL:automatic muscle organ of hand digit OBOL:automatic muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit OBOL:automatic terminal segment of free upper limb digit muscle organ OBOL:automatic hand digit muscle NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body. bursa FMA:9692 GAID:252 MESH:D002061 NCIT:C33717 SCTID:182483003 Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa galen:Bursa bursa synovialis synovial bursa A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body. Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa bursa FMA:9692 bursa synovialis Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body. The arrangement may be a simple row, a collection of rows, or a more elaborate structure, such as a toooth whorl. AAO:0000126 FMA:75150 GAID:1249 MESH:D003817 NCIT:C13072 SCTID:245543004 dentes set of teeth teeth teeth set collection of teeth teeth dentition A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body. The arrangement may be a simple row, a collection of rows, or a more elaborate structure, such as a toooth whorl. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 dentes FMA:75150 FMA:TA set of teeth FMA:75150 teeth FMA:75150 teeth set FMA:75150 The part of a tooth that is implanted in the gum; the root is normally located below the neck of the tooth, covered by cementum rather than enamel, and attached by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. FMA:55624 GAID:1280 MESH:D014092 SCTID:245728004 radix corona root of tooth tooth root tooth root The part of a tooth that is implanted in the gum; the root is normally located below the neck of the tooth, covered by cementum rather than enamel, and attached by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. MP:0011165 radix corona FMA:55624 root of tooth FMA:55624 tooth root FMA:55624 The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity). EFO:0000213 EMAPA:36505 FMA:12266 GAID:17 MA:0003057 MESH:D034841 NCIT:C12664 SCTID:361294009 Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity galen:AbdominalCavity cavity of abdominal compartment cavity of compartment of abdomen space of abdominal compartment cavitas abdominis abdominal cavity The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity). UBERON:cjm cavity of abdominal compartment FMA:12266 cavity of compartment of abdomen FMA:12266 space of abdominal compartment FMA:12266 cavitas abdominis GAID:17 Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture. sutura suture EMAPA:35263 FMA:7493 GAID:211 MA:0001475 MESH:D003393 SCTID:244509003 Wikipedia:Suture_(joint) cranium suture suture joint of skull suture of cranium cranial suture Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture. FMA:71385 ISBN:3110148986 Wikipedia:Suture_(joint) suture FMA:71385 cranium suture OBOL:automatic suture of cranium OBOL:automatic In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0010826 FMA:75306 GAID:228 MESH:D005539 NCIT:C12495 SCTID:244679008 TAO:0002045 Wikipedia:Foramen_magnum ZFA:0005387 Design pattern notes: check whether this fits the foramen design pattern foramen magnum In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Foramen_magnum A collection of sacral vertebrae in the sacral region that are fused and part of the bony pelvis. CALOHA:TS-2201 EFO:0003071 FMA:16202 GAID:241 MESH:D012447 NCIT:C33508 SCTID:264186006 Wikipedia:Sacrum galen:Sacrum os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales I - V] sacrum sacrum [sacral vertebrae I - V] sacrum [sacral vertebrae I-V] os sacrum sacral bone fused sacrum A collection of sacral vertebrae in the sacral region that are fused and part of the bony pelvis. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales I - V] FMA:16202 FMA:TA sacrum FMA:16202 sacrum [sacral vertebrae I - V] FMA:16202 sacrum [sacral vertebrae I-V] FMA:16202 os sacrum Wikipedia:Sacrum sacral bone FMA:16202 The outermost part of the spinal canal. It is the space within the canal (formed by the surrounding vertebrae) lying outside the dura mater. FMA:71228 GAID:243 MESH:D004824 SCTID:281866004 Wikipedia:Epidural_space cavum epidurale cavum extradurale extradural space spatium epidurale spatium extradurale epidural cavity epidural space The outermost part of the spinal canal. It is the space within the canal (formed by the surrounding vertebrae) lying outside the dura mater. Wikipedia:Epidural_space cavum epidurale Wikipedia:Epidural_space cavum extradurale Wikipedia:Epidural_space extradural space FMA:71228 spatium epidurale Wikipedia:Epidural_space spatium extradurale FMA:71228 FMA:TA epidural cavity Wikipedia:Epidural_space Any joint connecting the acromonion of the scapula and clavicle. FMA:25898 GAID:249 MESH:D000173 NCIT:C32047 SCTID:182166001 Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint acromioclavicular articulation articulatio acromioclavicularis scapuloclavicular articulation acromioclavicular joint Any joint connecting the acromonion of the scapula and clavicle. Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 acromioclavicular articulation Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint articulatio acromioclavicularis Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint scapuloclavicular articulation Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. FMA:25524 GAID:250 MESH:D001268 NCIT:C32157 SCTID:361832004 Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint atlanto axial joint atlantoaxial joint articulatio atlantoaxialis articulatio atlantoepistrophica atlantoaxial lateral atlanto-axial joint median atlanto-axial joint atlanto-axial joint The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas. Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint atlanto axial joint GAID:250 atlantoaxial joint GAID:250 articulatio atlantoaxialis Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint articulatio atlantoepistrophica Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint atlantoaxial Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint lateral atlanto-axial joint Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint median atlanto-axial joint Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. metacarpal joint EMAPA:19302 FMA:35246 GAID:255 MA:0000453 MESH:D008662 NCIT:C33106 SCTID:280995004 SCTID:370651001 Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint galen:MetacarpoPhalangealJoint MP joint knuckle knuckles metacarpo-phalangeal joint carpometacarpophalangeal joint articulationes metacarpophalangeae metacarpal phalangeal joint metacarpophalangeal joint The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint metacarpal joint FMA:35246 MP joint FMA:35246 knuckle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 knuckles https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 metacarpo-phalangeal joint MA:0000453 carpometacarpophalangeal joint NCBITaxon:8782 articulationes metacarpophalangeae Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint metacarpal phalangeal joint HP:0004294 The metatarsophalangeal articulations are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones of the toes . They are condyloid joints meaning an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) come close to the shallow cavities (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral. FMA:35222 GAID:258 MESH:D008683 NCIT:C33108 SCTID:239747005 SCTID:302535003 SCTID:370752004 Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations galen:MetatarsoPhalangealJoint metatarsal-phalangeal joint articulationes metatarsophalangeae metatarsal joint metatarsalphalangeal joint metatarsophalangeal metatarsophalangeal articulation metatarsophalangeal joint The metatarsophalangeal articulations are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones of the toes . They are condyloid joints meaning an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) come close to the shallow cavities (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral. Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations metatarsal-phalangeal joint PHENOSCAPE:ad articulationes metatarsophalangeae Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations metatarsal joint FMA:35222 metatarsalphalangeal joint Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations metatarsophalangeal Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations metatarsophalangeal articulation Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. FMA:10429 FMA:259054 GAID:26 MESH:D034861 NCIT:C77608 SCTID:181613000 Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall paries abdominalis wall of abdomen wall of abdomen proper abdominal wall proper layers of the abdominal wall paries abdominalis abdominal wall The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Wall paries abdominalis Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall wall of abdomen FMA:259054 wall of abdomen proper FMA:10429 abdominal wall proper FMA:10429 layers of the abdominal wall Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall paries abdominalis Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. FMA:14678 GAID:281 MA:0002659 MESH:D017734 NCIT:C32573 SCTID:276158002 bile duct extrahepatic part extrahepatic biliary system extrahepatic bile duct Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. MESH:A03.159.183.079 bile duct extrahepatic part MA:0002659 extrahepatic biliary system GAID:281 Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. FMA:15766 GAID:287 MA:0001630 MESH:D001653 NCIT:C12677 SCTID:362193005 TAO:0005169 ZFA:0005169 bile duct intrahepatic part intrahepatic biliary system intrahepatic bile duct Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. MESH:A03.159.183.158 bile duct intrahepatic part MA:0001630 A circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries: Anterior cerebral artery (left and right); Anterior communicating artery; Internal carotid artery (left and right); Posterior cerebral artery (left and right); Posterior communicating artery (left and right).The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are also considered part of the circle. arterial circle EHDAA2:0000252 EHDAA:9758 FMA:50454 GAID:486 MESH:D002941 SCTID:362047009 Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis neuronames:1468 arterial circle of Willis cerebral arterial circle Willis circle circulus arteriosus cerebri circle of Willis A circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries: Anterior cerebral artery (left and right); Anterior communicating artery; Internal carotid artery (left and right); Posterior cerebral artery (left and right); Posterior communicating artery (left and right).The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are also considered part of the circle. Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis arterial circle Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis cerebral arterial circle GAID:486 Willis circle GAID:486 circulus arteriosus cerebri Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. EHDAA2:0000182 EHDAA:9868 FMA:4723 GAID:529 MESH:D016121 NCIT:C32816 SCTID:181371003 Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein galen:BrachiocephalicVein brachiocephalic venous tree innominate vein innomiate vein innominate trunk innominate vein innominate veins vena brachiocephalica venae anonyma brachiocephalic vein The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein brachiocephalic venous tree FMA:4723 innominate vein FMA:4723 innomiate vein Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein innominate trunk Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein innominate vein GAID:529 Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein innominate veins Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein vena brachiocephalica Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein venae anonyma Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a large collection of thin-walled veins creating a cavity bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica. EMAPA:19059 FMA:50772 GAID:532 MESH:D002426 NCIT:C12690 SCTID:244402005 Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus cavernous cavernous sinus syndrome cavernous sinuses cavernus sinus vein parasellar syndrome sinus cavernosus cavernous sinus The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a large collection of thin-walled veins creating a cavity bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica. Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus cavernous Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus cavernous sinus syndrome Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus cavernous sinuses Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus cavernus sinus vein Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus parasellar syndrome Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus sinus cavernosus Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. FMA:14331 GAID:541 MA:0002164 MESH:D013162 NCIT:C33608 SCTID:278029005 Wikipedia:Splenic_vein galen:SplenicVein vena splenica lienal vein vena lienalis splenic vein A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein vena splenica FMA:14331 FMA:TA lienal vein MA:0002164 Wikipedia:Splenic_vein vena lienalis Wikipedia:Splenic_vein Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:D009417 NCIT:C13052 SCTID:91728009 nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue neural tissue Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. FMA:9642 nerve tissue FMA:9642 nervous tissue FMA:9642 portion of neural tissue FMA:9642 The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. BAMS:spn FMA:5883 GAID:800 MESH:D013153 SCTID:264198001 Wikipedia:Splanchnic_nerves splanchnic nerves visceral nerve splanchnic nerve The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. MP:0008318 splanchnic nerves BAMS:spn visceral nerve Wikipedia:Splanchnic_nerves A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch. recurrent nerve AAO:0010754 FMA:6246 GAID:804 MESH:D012009 SCTID:24227007 VHOG:0001347 Wikipedia:Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve nervus laryngeus recurrens recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve vagus X nerve recurrent laryngeal branch inferior laryngeal nerve ramus recurrens recurrent laryngeal nerve A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch. Wikipedia:Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve recurrent nerve Wikipedia:Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve nervus laryngeus recurrens Wikipedia:Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve vagus X nerve recurrent laryngeal branch VHOG:0001347 inferior laryngeal nerve GAID:804 ramus recurrens AAO:0010754 The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensory innervation to the tongue. It also carries fibers from the facial nerve, which return taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. BAMS:5lg EMAPA:19168 FMA:53218 GAID:835 MA:0001102 MESH:D008036 SCTID:280260006 Wikipedia:Lingual_nerve lingual branch of trigeminal nerve trigeminal V nerve lingual branch trigeminal nerve lingual branch lingual nerve The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensory innervation to the tongue. It also carries fibers from the facial nerve, which return taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. Wikipedia:Lingual_nerve trigeminal V nerve lingual branch MA:0001102 The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. FMA:5860 GAID:857 MESH:D013900 SCTID:360498003 Wikipedia:Thoracic_nerves neuronames:1725 nervus thoracis thoracic spinal nerve nervi thoracici pectoral nerve thoracic nerve The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls. MESH:A08.800.800.720.800 nervus thoracis FMA:5860 FMA:TA thoracic spinal nerve FMA:5860 nervi thoracici Wikipedia:Thoracic_nerves pectoral nerve GAID:857 The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:18227 FMA:6028 GAID:858 MESH:D007367 NCIT:C32825 SCTID:279568001 Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves anterior ramus of thoracic nerve anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus thoracic anterior ramus ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve nervi intercostales intercostal nerve The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves anterior ramus of thoracic nerve FMA:6028 anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve FMA:6028 ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus FMA:6028 thoracic anterior ramus FMA:6028 ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve FMA:6028 nervi intercostales Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves The central part of the thoracic cavity enclosed by the left and right pleurae. CALOHA:TS-2338 EFO:0003057 EMAPA:36001 FMA:9826 GAID:94 MA:0003075 MESH:D008482 NCIT:C12748 SCTID:181217005 Wikipedia:Mediastinum mediastinal part of chest mediastinum The central part of the thoracic cavity enclosed by the left and right pleurae. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Mediastinum mediastinal part of chest FMA:9826 A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. BTO:0002860 CALOHA:TS-0716 EMAPA:26937 FMA:59660 GAID:951 MA:0002794 MESH:D009061 NCIT:C77637 Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa mouth mucosa mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of mouth mucous membrane of mouth oral mucous membrane oral part of viscerocranial mucosa tunica mucosa oris buccal mucosa mucosal lining of mouth oral mucosa tunica mucosa oris mouth mucosa A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mouth mucosa FMA:59660 mouth mucous membrane OBOL:accepted mouth organ mucosa OBOL:accepted mucosa of mouth OBOL:accepted mucous membrane of mouth FMA:59660 oral part of viscerocranial mucosa FMA:59660 tunica mucosa oris FMA:59660 FMA:TA buccal mucosa GAID:951 mucosal lining of mouth MA:0002794 oral mucosa GAID:951 tunica mucosa oris Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO]. EMAPA:36141 prostate ductal progenitor prostatic bud prostate gland bud prostate primordium prostate bud A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO]. GO:0060513 prostate ductal progenitor PMID:18977204 prostate gland bud EMAPA:36141 A bone of the metapodial skeleton. MA:0000301 metacarpal or metatarsal bone metacarpal/metatarsal metacarpal/metatarsal bone metapodi bone metapodial bone metapodium bone metapodium bone A bone of the metapodial skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metacarpal/metatarsal bone MA:0000301 metapodi bone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metapodial bone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metapodium bone http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The part of the forelimb between pectoral region and the elbow, corresponding to the humerus. AAO:0000199 EHDAA2:0002112 EHDAA:4186 EHDAA:6234 EMAPA:17424 FMA:24890 MA:0000035 MESH:D001132 NCIT:C32141 SCTID:302538001 VHOG:0000343 VSAO:0005057 galen:Arm brachial region brachium fore propodium forelimb propodium forelimb stylopodial element forelimb stylopodium proximal segment of free upper limb regio brachialis stylopod of arm stylopod of forelimb upper arm wing stylopod arm forelimb stylopod The part of the forelimb between pectoral region and the elbow, corresponding to the humerus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 brachium VSAO:0005057 fore propodium AAO:0000199 forelimb stylopodial element MA:th forelimb stylopodium OBOL:automatic regio brachialis FMA:24890 FMA:TA upper arm MA:0000035 wing stylopod NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic arm FMA:24890 The middle limb segment of the pelvic free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the hindlimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the tibia and fibula, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants. EFO:0003051 EHDAA2:0001030 EHDAA:5165 EHDAA:6190 EMAPA:17496 FMA:24979 MA:0000051 MESH:D007866 NCIT:C32974 SCTID:244015008 VHOG:0000348 VSAO:0005060 Wikipedia:Forearm galen:Leg crus crus of hindlimb hind limb middle limb segment hind limb zeudopodium hind limb zeugopod hindlimb epipodium hindlimb middle limb segment hindlimb zeudopodium hindlimb zeugopod hindlimb zeugopodium intermediate segment of free lower limb lower extremity middle limb segment lower extremity zeugopod lower leg middle limb segment of hind limb middle limb segment of hindlimb shank zeugopod of hind limb zeugopod of hindlimb hind epipodium leg hindlimb zeugopod The middle limb segment of the pelvic free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the hindlimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the tibia and fibula, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants. PHENOSCAPE:curators crus VSAO:0005060 hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic hind limb zeudopodium VHOG:0000348 hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeudopodium VHOG:0000348 hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopodium OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb FMA:24979 lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic lower leg MA:0000051 middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 shank VSAO:0005060 zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic hind epipodium leg FMA:24979 MESH:A01.378.610.500 A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000562 MESH:D013900 SCTID:359876006 nerve of thorax thoracic segment nerve thorax nerve upper body nerve nerve of thoracic segment A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of thorax OBOL:automatic thoracic segment nerve MA:0000562 thorax nerve OBOL:automatic upper body nerve MA:0000562 A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000528 abdominal segment nerve nerve of abdominal segment A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment nerve MA:0000528 A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35893 MA:0000682 femur May be merged into femur. See https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 upper leg bone A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 femur https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000559 SCTID:426649006 bone of thorax bone organ of thorax thorax bone thorax bone organ upper body bone thoracic segment bone A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bone of thorax OBOL:automatic bone organ of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax bone OBOL:automatic thorax bone organ OBOL:automatic upper body bone MA:0000559 A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000525 abdominal segment of trunk bone abdominal segment of trunk bone organ bone of abdominal segment of trunk bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk abdominal segment bone A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk bone OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic Any muscle tissue that is part of the urethra. MA:0002649 urethral muscle layer urethra muscle tissue Any muscle tissue that is part of the urethra. UBERON:cjm urethral muscle layer MA:0002649 Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000561 muscle organ of thorax thorax muscle organ upper body muscle thoracic segment muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle organ of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax muscle organ OBOL:automatic upper body muscle MA:0000561 Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35733 MA:0001828 apparatus respiratorius muscle organ muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius muscle organ of respiratory system respiratory system muscle organ respiratory system muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic muscle organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system muscle organ OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:26983 MA:0002682 SCTID:360961009 esophageal muscle esophagus muscle organ gullet muscle organ muscle organ of esophagus muscle organ of gullet muscle organ of oesophagus oesophagus muscle organ esophagus muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophagus muscle organ OBOL:automatic gullet muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of esophagus OBOL:automatic muscle organ of gullet OBOL:automatic muscle organ of oesophagus OBOL:automatic oesophagus muscle organ OBOL:automatic A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000527 abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk abdominal segment muscle A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000558 blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel upper body blood vessel thoracic segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic upper body blood vessel MA:0000558 A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000524 abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk abdominal segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:264898 MA:0000530 abdominal segment of trunk skin skin of abdominal segment of trunk abdominal segment skin A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk skin OBOL:automatic skin of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000560 connective tissue of thorax portion of connective tissue of thorax textus connectivus of thorax thorax connective tissue thorax portion of connective tissue thorax textus connectivus upper body connective tissue thoracic segment connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of thorax OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic upper body connective tissue MA:0000560 A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000526 abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk abdominal segment connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk OBOL:automatic A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19204 MA:0000614 anteriormost limb joint of limb anteriormost limb limb joint fore limb joint of limb fore limb limb joint forelimb joint of limb forelimb limb joint joint of free upper limb joint of limb of anteriormost limb joint of limb of fore limb joint of limb of forelimb joint of limb of superior member joint of limb of upper extremity limb joint of anteriormost limb limb joint of fore limb limb joint of forelimb limb joint of superior member limb joint of upper extremity superior member joint of limb superior member limb joint upper extremity joint of limb upper extremity limb joint wing joint forelimb joint A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb joint of limb OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb limb joint OBOL:automatic fore limb joint of limb OBOL:automatic fore limb limb joint OBOL:automatic forelimb joint of limb OBOL:automatic forelimb limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of free upper limb http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 joint of limb of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of fore limb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of forelimb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of superior member OBOL:automatic joint of limb of upper extremity OBOL:automatic limb joint of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic limb joint of fore limb OBOL:automatic limb joint of forelimb OBOL:automatic limb joint of superior member OBOL:automatic limb joint of upper extremity OBOL:automatic superior member joint of limb OBOL:automatic superior member limb joint OBOL:automatic upper extremity joint of limb OBOL:automatic upper extremity limb joint OBOL:automatic wing joint NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32635 MA:0000662 SCTID:304573000 hind limb joint of limb hind limb limb joint hindlimb joint of limb hindlimb limb joint inferior member joint of limb inferior member limb joint joint of free lower limb joint of limb of hind limb joint of limb of hindlimb joint of limb of inferior member joint of limb of lower extremity joint of lower limb limb joint of hind limb limb joint of hindlimb limb joint of inferior member limb joint of lower extremity lower extremity joint of limb lower extremity limb joint hindlimb joint A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb joint of limb OBOL:automatic hind limb limb joint OBOL:automatic hindlimb joint of limb OBOL:automatic hindlimb limb joint OBOL:automatic inferior member joint of limb OBOL:automatic inferior member limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of free lower limb http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 joint of limb of hind limb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of hindlimb OBOL:automatic joint of limb of inferior member OBOL:automatic joint of limb of lower extremity OBOL:automatic joint of lower limb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb joint of hind limb OBOL:automatic limb joint of hindlimb OBOL:automatic limb joint of inferior member OBOL:automatic limb joint of lower extremity OBOL:automatic lower extremity joint of limb OBOL:automatic lower extremity limb joint OBOL:automatic A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35160 MA:0002715 autopod joint of limb autopod limb joint distal free limb segment joint of limb distal free limb segment limb joint joint of limb of autopod joint of limb of distal free limb segment limb joint of autopod limb joint of distal free limb segment paw joint autopod joint A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic autopod joint of limb OBOL:automatic autopod limb joint OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment joint of limb OBOL:automatic distal free limb segment limb joint OBOL:automatic joint of limb of autopod OBOL:automatic joint of limb of distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic limb joint of autopod OBOL:automatic limb joint of distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic paw joint MA:0002715 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. AAO:0011073 EHDAA2:0001269 EHDAA:2889 EHDAA:914 EMAPA:16167 VHOG:0001119 XAO:0000252 cavity of neural tube lumen of neural tube neural tube neural lumen prosencoel central lumen neural lumen neurocoel neural tube lumen An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. OBOL:automatic cavity of neural tube https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lumen of neural tube https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neural tube neural lumen EHDAA2:0001269 neural lumen EHDAA:2889 neurocoel VHOG:0001119 Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ. AAO:0011027 BTO:0001723 EMAPA:32903 MA:0003151 NCIT:C54296 TAO:0005134 VHOG:0001443 XAO:0003203 ZFA:0005134 dental epithelia dental epithelium odontogenic epithelium tooth epithelium reduced enamel epithelium dental epithelium Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ. ZFA:0005134 https://github.com/cerivs/zebrafish-anatomical-ontology/issues/107 dental epithelia ZFA:0005134 dental epithelium ZFA:0005134 reduced enamel epithelium BTO:0001723 An epithelium that is part of a thymus, forming a supporting framework[MP,modified]. BTO:0001836 CALOHA:TS-1040 EHDAA2:0002019 EMAPA:35864 MA:0000768 NCIT:C45713 VHOG:0001426 ZFA:0005779 epithelial tissue of thymus epithelial tissue of thymus gland epithelium of thymus epithelium of thymus gland thymic epithelial tissue thymic epithelium thymus epithelial tissue thymus gland epithelial tissue thymus gland epithelium thymus epithelium An epithelium that is part of a thymus, forming a supporting framework[MP,modified]. MP:0009544 epithelial tissue of thymus OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of thymus gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of thymus OBOL:automatic epithelium of thymus gland OBOL:automatic thymic epithelium BTO:0001836 thymus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic thymus gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic thymus gland epithelium OBOL:automatic An artery that supplies a thyroid gland. AAO:0010490 EHDAA2:0002029 EHDAA:7372 EMAPA:18622 MA:0002066 NCIT:C53020 VHOG:0001366 thyroid artery An artery that supplies a thyroid gland. OBOL:automatic In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0000719 EHDAA:8703 SCTID:278192008 VHOG:0001340 Wikipedia:Gonadal_vein gonad vein gonada vein vein of gonad vein of gonada gonadal vein In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Gonadal_vein gonad vein OBOL:automatic gonada vein OBOL:automatic vein of gonad OBOL:automatic vein of gonada OBOL:automatic A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. EFO:0003591 EHDAA2:0001101 EHDAA:360 TAO:0000935 VHOG:0000796 ZFA:0000935 mesencephalic neural crest neural crest midbrain mesencephalic neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. OBOL:automatic mesencephalic neural crest ZFA:0000935 neural crest midbrain ZFA:0000935 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a telencephalon. EFO:0003574 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001991 TAO:0000812 VHOG:0000799 ZFA:0000812 neural crest telencephalon telencephalon neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a telencephalon. OBOL:automatic neural crest telencephalon ZFA:0000812 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a diencephalon. EFO:0003573 EHDAA2:0000603 EMAPA:16518 TAO:0000811 VHOG:0000798 ZFA:0000811 diencephalic neural crest future diencephalon neural crest neural crest diencephalon neural crest of future diencephalon diencephalon neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a diencephalon. OBOL:automatic diencephalic neural crest ZFA:0000811 future diencephalon neural crest EHDAA2:0000603 neural crest diencephalon ZFA:0000811 neural crest of future diencephalon EMAPA:16518 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. EHDAA2:0001628 EHDAA:362 EMAPA:35747 TAO:0007063 VHOG:0001210 ZFA:0007063 neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest rhombomere neural crest rhombencephalon neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. OBOL:automatic neural crest hindbrain ZFA:0007063 rhombencephalic neural crest ZFA:0007063 rhombomere neural crest EMAPA:35747 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. EHDAA:696 EMAPA:16163 EMAPA:16881 VHOG:0001006 neural crest spinal cord spinal neural crest spinal cord neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. OBOL:automatic neural crest spinal cord VHOG:0001006 spinal neural crest VHOG:0001006 A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. FMA:312957 TAO:0007021 VHOG:0000439 ZFA:0007021 neural plate of spinal cord spinal cord neural plate A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. OBOL:automatic neural plate of spinal cord OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA:5012 EMAPA:16858 EMAPA:17385 VHOG:0001090 gonada mesenchyme mesenchyme of gonad mesenchyme of gonada gonad mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic gonada mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonad OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of gonada OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme enclosed by a dental organ that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla. EMAPA:32891 MA:0003152 TAO:0005139 VHOG_RETIRED:0001444 ZFA:0005139 dental mesenchyme dental organ mesenchyme enamel organ mesenchyme tooth enamel organ mesenchyme tooth mesenchyme uncondensed odontogenic mesenchyme Mesenchyme enclosed by a dental organ that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla. https://github.com/cerivs/zebrafish-anatomical-ontology/issues/107 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 dental mesenchyme ZFA:0005139 dental organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic enamel organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic tooth enamel organ mesenchyme OBOL:automatic tooth mesenchyme OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32628 VHOG:0001109 anteriormost limb mesenchyme fore limb mesenchyme mesenchyme of anteriormost limb mesenchyme of fore limb mesenchyme of forelimb mesenchyme of superior member mesenchyme of upper extremity superior member mesenchyme upper extremity mesenchyme wing mesenchyme forelimb mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anteriormost limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic fore limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of anteriormost limb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of fore limb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of forelimb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of superior member OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of upper extremity OBOL:automatic superior member mesenchyme OBOL:automatic upper extremity mesenchyme OBOL:automatic wing mesenchyme Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32637 VHOG:0001074 hind limb mesenchyme inferior member mesenchyme lower extremity mesenchyme mesenchyme of hind limb mesenchyme of hindlimb mesenchyme of inferior member mesenchyme of lower extremity hindlimb mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb mesenchyme OBOL:automatic inferior member mesenchyme OBOL:automatic lower extremity mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of hind limb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of hindlimb OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of inferior member OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of lower extremity OBOL:automatic Posterior part of a vertebra that consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes, two transverse processes one spinous process[WP]. ZFA: A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. vertebra neural arch AAO:0000725 EFO:0003618 FMA:11946 MA:0001453 NCIT:C32138 SCTID:317373001 TAO:0001066 VHOG:0001670 Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch ZFA:0001066 arcus vertebra arcus vertebrae arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) dorsal arcocentrum arcus vertebrae vertebra dorsal arch neural arch Posterior part of a vertebra that consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes, two transverse processes one spinous process[WP]. ZFA: A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch vertebra neural arch MA:0001453 arcus vertebra Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch arcus vertebrae Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) FMA:11946 dorsal arcocentrum ZFA:0001066 arcus vertebrae Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch vertebra dorsal arch MA:0001453 A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19132 FMA:32902 MA:0001385 NCIT:C52782 SCTID:361806005 digit long bone of foot digit 5 foot digit 5 digit long bone foot digit 5 long bone of digit foot digit 5 phalanx hind limb digit 5 phalanx little toe phalanx long bone of digit of foot digit 5 pedal digit V phalanx phalanx of fifth digit of foot phalanx of fifth toe phalanx of foot digit 5 phalanx of little toe foot digit 5 phalanx pedal digit 5 phalanx A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digit long bone of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 digit long bone OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 long bone of digit OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 phalanx MA:0001385 hind limb digit 5 phalanx OBOL:accepted little toe phalanx FMA:32902 long bone of digit of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic pedal digit V phalanx https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 phalanx of fifth digit of foot FMA:32902 phalanx of fifth toe FMA:32902 phalanx of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic phalanx of little toe FMA:32902 foot digit 5 phalanx NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:75817 MA:0001394 NCIT:C12863 SCTID:113223004 SCTID:371230003 hand middle phalanx middle manual phalanx middle phalanx of finger middle phalanx of hand middle phalanx of manual digit phalanx media manus middle phalanx of manus A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hand middle phalanx MA:0001394 middle phalanx of finger FMA:75817 middle phalanx of hand MA:0001394 phalanx media manus FMA:75817 FMA:TA A distal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35393 FMA:75818 MA:0001388 NCIT:C52784 SCTID:182001007 SCTID:361782004 distal manual phalanx distal phalanx of finger distal phalanx of hand distal phalanx of manual digit hand distal phalanx phalanx distalis manus terminal phalanx of hand ungual phalanx of hand This is typically proximally connected to the middle phalanx of manus, except in some cases such as the manual digit 1 (thumb) of many mammals such as humans, where it connects to the proximal phalanx. It always connects to some phalanx, by definition distal phalanx of manus A distal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of finger FMA:75818 hand distal phalanx MA:0001388 phalanx distalis manus FMA:75818 FMA:TA terminal phalanx of hand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ungual phalanx of hand http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 A middle phalanx that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:75829 MA:0001386 SCTID:83207005 foot middle phalanx middle pedal phalanx middle phalanx of foot middle phalanx of toe phalanx media pedis middle phalanx of pes A middle phalanx that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foot middle phalanx MA:0001386 middle phalanx of toe FMA:75829 phalanx media pedis FMA:75829 FMA:TA A distal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:75830 MA:0001380 NCIT:C52783 SCTID:361797001 distal pedal phalanx distal phalanx of foot distal phalanx of toe foot distal phalanx phalanx distalis pedis terminal phalanx of foot terminal phalanx of hindlimb ungual phalanx of foot ungual phalanx of hindlimb This is typically proximally connected to the middle phalanx of pes, except in some cases such as the pedal digit 1 (big toe) in many mammals such as humans, where it connects to the proximal phalanx. It always connects to some phalanx, by definition distal phalanx of pes A distal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of toe FMA:75830 foot distal phalanx MA:0001380 phalanx distalis pedis FMA:75830 FMA:TA terminal phalanx of foot https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 terminal phalanx of hindlimb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ungual phalanx of foot http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 ungual phalanx of hindlimb http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:75828 MA:0001387 NCIT:C52785 SCTID:85533000 foot proximal phalanx phalanx proximalis pedis proximal pedal phalanx proximal phalanx of foot proximal phalanx of foot digit proximal phalanx of hind digit proximal phalanx of pes proximal phalanx of toe proximal phalanx of pes A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foot proximal phalanx MA:0001387 phalanx proximalis pedis FMA:75828 FMA:TA proximal phalanx of toe FMA:75828 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. presumptive ganglion A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. OBOL:automatic A mesentery that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35562 FMA:19816 MA:0002931 SCTID:250172001 Wikipedia:Mesometrium mesentery of uterus mesometrium A mesentery that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mesentery of uterus FMA:19816 MA:0002931 http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. future coelomic cavity lumen body cavity precursor future coelemic cavity lumen An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. OBOL:automatic The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. EHDAA:251 EMAPA:16088 NCIT:C34195 VHOG:0000316 Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom somatic coelom intraembryonic coelom The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. MGI:anna MP:0012187 somatic coelom Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus. salpinges salpinx CALOHA:TS-0732 EHDAA2:0000504 EMAPA:35660 EV:0100112 FMA:18245 GAID:365 MA:0000385 MESH:D005187 NCIT:C12403 SCTID:181463001 Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube galen:FallopianTube mammalian oviduct uterine tube (sensu Mammalia) fallopian tubes female paramesonephric duct paramesonephric duct of female tuba uterina fallopian tube Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus. MGI:smb MP:0003574 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 salpinges mammalian oviduct https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/8397/ female paramesonephric duct EHDAA2:0000504 paramesonephric duct of female EMAPA:35660 tuba uterina Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube Paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]. AAO:0010141 EHDAA2:0004048 EMAPA:27665 GAID:1309 MESH:D009095 NCIT:C13260 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001399 SCTID:308802006 VHOG:0001199 Wikipedia:Paramesonephric_duct XAO:0000330 Muellerian duct Müllerian duct ductus paramesonephricus paramesonephric duct early paramesonephric duct Mullerian duct Paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]. GO:0061205 Wikipedia:Paramesonephric_duct http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio/courses/bio205/bio205_26_sex.html paramesonephric duct EMAPA:27665 early paramesonephric duct EHDAA2:0004048 Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. FMA:81494 NCIT:C67387 stromal connective tissue stroma Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A cover or envelope partly or wholly surrounding a structure. Examples: egg shell, articular capsules, renal capsules[WP]. EHDAA:4739 EHDAA:9061 FMA:85272 Wikipedia:Capsule_(anatomy) galen:Capsule see also: protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi. Note that FMA has classes such as Articular capsule that are not subtypes of Capsule (which is undefined in FMA). GO has 'capsule' which is a fungal structure, and 'external encapsulating structure' which is restricted to cells capsule A cover or envelope partly or wholly surrounding a structure. Examples: egg shell, articular capsules, renal capsules[WP]. Wikipedia:Capsule_(anatomy) A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. AAO:0011058 BTO:0003391 EFO:0002577 EFO:0003428 EHDAA2:0000744 EHDAA:973 EMAPA:16847 NCIT:C34277 TAO:0000124 XAO:0003266 ZFA:0000124 embryological hepatic plate primordium of the liver hepatic plate liver bud liver endoderm liver primordium A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. ISBN:3211492755 embryological hepatic plate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 primordium of the liver ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver hepatic plate EHDAA2:0000744 liver bud XAO:0003266 ZFA:0000124 liver endoderm EFO:0002577 One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. EHDAA:5982 EMAPA:18167 MA:0003153 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160 TAO:0001954 axial muscle One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. HP:0003327 A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk. SCTID:244848007 skeletal muscle of torso skeletal muscle tissue of torso skeletal muscle tissue of trunk torso skeletal muscle torso skeletal muscle tissue trunk skeletal muscle trunk skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue of trunk A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeletal muscle of torso OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of torso OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic torso skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic torso skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic trunk skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic trunk skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. AAO:0011095 BTO:0000929 CALOHA:TS-0685 EHDAA2:0001253 EHDAA:4763 EMAPA:17171 EMAPA:18590 FMA:58628 MA:0000277 NCIT:C33166 TAO:0000046 VHOG:0000535 XAO:0003216 ZFA:0000046 neural layer of retina neural retina neuroretina stratum nervosum (retina) stratum nervosum retinae neural retinal epithelium retinal neural layer The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. GO:0003407 neural layer of retina FMA:58628 neural retina XAO:0003216 ZFA:0000046 neuroretina ZFA:0000046 stratum nervosum (retina) FMA:58628 stratum nervosum retinae FMA:58628 FMA:TA neural retinal epithelium MA:000027 Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. FMA:63131 SCTID:340163004 TAO:0005261 Wikipedia:Sinusoid_(blood_vessel) ZFA:0005261 sinusoidal blood vessel sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium endothelium of irregular blood filled space sinusoidal capillary sinusoidal endothelium sinusoid Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. Wikipedia:Sinusoid_(blood_vessel) sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium ZFA:0005261 sinusoidal capillary http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=13986 The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. EMAPA:36608 FMA:242811 MA:0000824 NCIT:C42079 choroid plexus epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of choroid plexus epithelium of choroid plexus choroid plexus epithelium The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus choroid plexus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic epithelium of choroid plexus FMA:242811 Hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. HAO:0001019 tooth-like organ see dermal denticle tooth-like structure Hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tooth-like organ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. AEO:0000114 EHDAA2:0003114 epithelial or endothelial tube epithelial tube Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. GO:0060562 PMID:12526790 Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. endothelial tube Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. mesenchyme of kidney kidney mesenchyme Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. GO:0072074 A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart. EMAPA:35932 FMA:86188 MA:0000066 segment of venous tree organ venous tree organ segment Compare to: vein venous blood vessel A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/venous+blood+vessel segment of venous tree organ FMA:86188 venous tree organ segment FMA:86188 Embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. EFO:0002579 EFO:0003434 EHDAA2:0001382 EHDAA:2163 EMAPA:17066 FMA:79792 TAO:0000254 XAO:0001101 ZFA:0000254 pancreatic primordium pancreatic anlage pancreatic endoderm primordial pancreas pancreas primordium Embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. Wikipedia:Pancreas#Embryological_development pancreatic anlage ZFA:0000254 pancreatic endoderm EFO:0002579 primordial pancreas FMA:79792 The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. EFO:0003470 EMAPA:35645 NCIT:C34242 SCTID:360398004 TAO:0001390 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud ZFA:0001390 pancreatic bud pancreatic buds pancreas epithelium pancreatic anlage pancreatic epithelial bud The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. PMID:16417468 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud pancreatic bud ZFA:0001390 pancreatic buds TAO:0001390 pancreas epithelium EMAPA:35645 Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. AAO:0011031 EFO:0003465 EHDAA2:0001385 EMAPA:17067 SCTID:361435005 TAO:0001370 VHOG:0001428 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud XAO:0000467 ZFA:0001370 pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud pancreas primordium dorsal bud primary pancreatic bud dorsal pancreas anlage dorsal pancreatic anlage posterior pancreatic anlage posterior pancreatic bud dorsal pancreatic bud Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud EHDAA2:0001385 primary pancreatic bud XAO:0000467 Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. AAO:0011111 EFO:0003464 EHDAA2:0001389 EMAPA:17256 SCTID:361437002 TAO:0001369 VHOG:0001429 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud XAO:0001103 ZFA:0001369 pancreas primordium ventral bud pancreas ventral primordium duct bud anterior pancreatic anlage anterior pancreatic bud ventral pancreas anlage ventral pancreatic anlage ventral pancreatic bud Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud pancreas ventral primordium duct bud EHDAA2:0001389 A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. TAO:0005162 ZFA:0005162 duct of digestive system duct of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system duct digestive system duct A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic duct of digestive system OBOL:automatic duct of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system duct OBOL:automatic An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 EMAPA:32928 MA:0003201 NCIT:C12963 TAO:0005123 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium alimentary tract epithelium digestive tract epithelium An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digestive tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of digestive tract OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gut OBOL:automatic epithelium of digestive tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of gut OBOL:automatic gastrodermis NCBITaxon:6073 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 gut epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gut epithelium EHDAA2:0004567 MA:0003201 ZFA:0005123 alimentary tract epithelium OBOL:automatic A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula. EFO:0003690 TAO:0001461 ZFA:0001461 cartilage of chondrocranium cartilaginous element of chondrocranium chondrocranium cartilage neurocranium cartilage cartilage element of chondrocranium A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cartilage of chondrocranium OBOL:accepted cartilaginous element of chondrocranium OBOL:accepted chondrocranium cartilage ZFA:0001461 neurocranium cartilage ZFA:0001461 A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton. TAO:0001458 ZFA:0001458 cartilage of cranium cranium cartilage cranial cartilages cranial cartilage A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton. ZFA:0001458 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cartilage of cranium OBOL:automatic cranium cartilage OBOL:automatic cranial cartilages ZFA:0001458 Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. MA:0001751 genitalia gland gland of genitalia gland of reproductive system reproductive gland reproductive system gland sex gland reproductive gland Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. MP:0000653 genitalia gland OBOL:automatic gland of genitalia MP:0000653 gland of reproductive system OBOL:automatic reproductive gland MA:0001751 reproductive system gland OBOL:automatic sex gland MP:0000653 The sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. NLXANAT:090818 Wikipedia:Somatosensory_system neuronames:2887 somatic sensory system system for detection of somatic senses somatosensory system The sensory system for the sense of touch and pain. NLXANAT:090818 The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses. brain ventricle/choroid plexus The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses. MP:0002200 The posterior concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the posterior segment of the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, visible by an ophthalmoscope. GAID:908 MESH:D005654 NCIT:C13378 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000583 SCTID:362519003 Wikipedia:Fundus_(eye) galen:FundusOculi eye fundus fundus fundus oculi fundus of eye ocular fundus The posterior concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the posterior segment of the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, visible by an ophthalmoscope. MP:0002864 Wikipedia:Fundus_(eye) fundus HP:0001098 The structures associated with drainage of the aqueous humor from the eye, that include the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, the uveoscleral network, and the aqueous veins. aqueous drainage system The structures associated with drainage of the aqueous humor from the eye, that include the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, the uveoscleral network, and the aqueous veins. MP:0005198 An anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia[WP]. EMAPA:18332 FMA:19834 GAID:399 MA:0003013 MESH:D012152 NCIT:C33467 SCTID:279617009 Wikipedia:Rete_testis Haller's rete rete testis An anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia[WP]. MP:0006416 Wikipedia:Rete_testis Haller's rete FMA:19834 The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity. cutaneous elastic fiber dermal elastic fiber cutaneous elastic tissue The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity. MP:0008418 cutaneous elastic fiber MP:0008418 dermal elastic fiber MP:0008418 One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate. They are covered with olfactory epithelium. Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air. These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos]. FMA:57456 ethmo-turbinate ethmoturbinal ethmoturbinate nasal turbinate of ethmoid bone turbinate of ethmoid bone nasal concha of ethmoid bone One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate. They are covered with olfactory epithelium. Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air. These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos]. MP:0008971 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html ethmoturbinal http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html ethmoturbinate MP:0008971 The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. BTO:0003099 FMA:45654 SCTID:303518005 female internal genitalia internal female genital organ internal genitalia of female reproductive system organa genitalia feminina interna TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 internal female genitalia The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. MP:0009209 female internal genitalia FMA:45654 internal female genital organ BTO:0003099 internal genitalia of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic organa genitalia feminina interna BTO:0003099 EHDAA2:0004046 EHDAA:1892 EHDAA:4406 FMA:67611 galen:Valve anatomical valve valve anatomical valve FMA:67611 A conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary artery arises[WP]. the anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminates in the pulmonary trunk[MP]. AAO:0010250 Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus conus arteriosus A conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary artery arises[WP]. the anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminates in the pulmonary trunk[MP]. MP:0009464 Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus The funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP]. infundibulum EMAPA:29897 FMA:18307 SCTID:362262001 Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube infundibulum of oviduct infundibulum of uterine tube infundibulum of fallopian tube infundibulum tubae uterinae uterine tube infundibulum The funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP]. MP:0009466 Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube infundibulum infundibulum of oviduct FMA:18307 infundibulum of uterine tube FMA:18307 infundibulum of fallopian tube FMA:18307 infundibulum tubae uterinae Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube The dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells. thymic cortico-medullary boundary thymic corticomedullary boundary thymic corticomedullary junction thymic corticomedullary zone thymus CMZ thymus cortico-medullary boundary thymus corticomedullary junction thymus corticomedullary zone thymus corticomedullary boundary The dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells. MP:0009543 thymic cortico-medullary boundary MP:0009543 thymic corticomedullary boundary MP:0009543 thymic corticomedullary junction MP:0009543 thymic corticomedullary zone MP:0009543 thymus CMZ MP:0009543 thymus cortico-medullary boundary MP:0009543 thymus corticomedullary junction MP:0009543 thymus corticomedullary zone MP:0009543 The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues. embryonic-extraembryonic boundary The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues. MP:0003890 A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. AAO:0011028 AEO:0001017 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428 EHDAA:1719 EHDAA:1725 EHDAA:1731 EHDAA:1737 EMAPA:32838 FMA:295656 NCIT:C61572 Wikipedia:Dermatome_(embryology) XAO:0000220 cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme epimere mesoderm mesenchyma dermatomiale dermatome A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. AEO:0001017 AEO:JB cutis plate Wikipedia:Cutis_plate dermatomal mesenchyme Wikipedia:Cutis_plate mesenchyma dermatomiale Wikipedia:Dermatomal_mesenchyme The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells. germinal neuroepithelial layer germinal neuroepithelium original neural tube germinal neuroepithelium The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells. MP:0004261 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 germinal neuroepithelial layer http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 germinal neuroepithelium NCBIBook:NBK10047 original neural tube NCBIBook:NBK10047 That portion of the chorionic wall in the region of its uterine attachment, which gives rise to chorionic villi; it consists of the mesoderm that lines the chorionic vesicle and, on the maternal side, of the trophoblast that lines the intervillous spaces; in the last half of gestation, the mesodermal connective tissue is largely replaced by fibrinoid material, and the amnionic membrane is adherent to the fetal side of the plate. BTO:0002879 EMAPA:31872 NCIT:C34123 SCTID:256391000 chorionic plate That portion of the chorionic wall in the region of its uterine attachment, which gives rise to chorionic villi; it consists of the mesoderm that lines the chorionic vesicle and, on the maternal side, of the trophoblast that lines the intervillous spaces; in the last half of gestation, the mesodermal connective tissue is largely replaced by fibrinoid material, and the amnionic membrane is adherent to the fetal side of the plate. MP:0004560 http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=69523 The transient outer neural tube region that contains the first generated post-mitotic neurons that receive synaptic input from thalamic axons and in turn project axons to the developing cortical plate. SP DHBA:10522 EMAPA:32703 PBA:294021932 Wikipedia:Subplate https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Corticogenesis_in_a_wild-type_mouse_with_captions_in_english_copy.png/360px-Corticogenesis_in_a_wild-type_mouse_with_captions_in_english_copy.png neuronames:3233 cerebral cortex subplate subplate subplate zone cortical subplate The transient outer neural tube region that contains the first generated post-mitotic neurons that receive synaptic input from thalamic axons and in turn project axons to the developing cortical plate. MP:0008440 Wikipedia:Subplate https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/1 SP BRAINSPAN:BRAINSPAN cerebral cortex subplate EMAPA:32833 subplate zone DHBA:10522 The region of the developing mammalian cortex that extends between the ventricular zone and the cortical plate (CP); normally, the IZ is a region of tangential migration of cells, and at midgestation, the lower part of the IZ develops into the subventricular zone. IZ EMAPA:17545 EMAPA:32712 cerebral cortex mantle layer cerebral cortex mantle zone cortical mantle layer cortical intermediate zone The region of the developing mammalian cortex that extends between the ventricular zone and the cortical plate (CP); normally, the IZ is a region of tangential migration of cells, and at midgestation, the lower part of the IZ develops into the subventricular zone. MP:0008457 IZ BRAINSPAN:BRAINSPAN cerebral cortex mantle layer EMAPA:17545 The external masculine genital organs, including the penis and scrotum. BTO:0003097 EMAPA:30977 FMA:45642 SCTID:362264000 galen:MaleExternalGenitalia external male genital organ male external genitalia organa genitalia masculina externa TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 external male genitalia The external masculine genital organs, including the penis and scrotum. MP:0009199 external male genital organ BTO:0003097 male external genitalia FMA:45642 organa genitalia masculina externa BTO:0003097 The internal masculine genital organs, including the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands. BTO:0003096 FMA:45655 SCTID:310536002 internal male genital organ male internal genitalia organa genitalia masculina interna TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 internal male genitalia The internal masculine genital organs, including the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands. MP:0009205 internal male genital organ BTO:0003096 male internal genitalia FMA:45655 organa genitalia masculina interna BTO:0003096 One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]. BTO:0002840 TAO:0005164 ZFA:0005164 bile ductule biliary ductule ductuli biliferi bile capillary biliary ductule cholangiole terminal cholangiole biliary ductule One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]. BTO:0002840 MP:0009494 bile ductule BTO:0002840 biliary ductule http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?ductuli+biliferi ductuli biliferi http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?ductuli+biliferi bile capillary BTO:0002840 biliary ductule BTO:0002840 cholangiole BTO:0002840 terminal cholangiole http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium. ependymal layer EMAPA:17152 EMAPA:35362 EMAPA_RETIRED:16783 MA:0003193 neural tube ependymal layer neural tube ventricular germinal zone neural tube ventricular zone neural tube ependymal zone neural tube ventricular layer The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium. MP:0009689 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 ependymal layer NCBIBook:NBK10047 neural tube ependymal layer NCBIBook:NBK10047 neural tube ventricular germinal zone NCBIBook:NBK10047 neural tube ventricular zone MP:0009689 neural tube ependymal zone MP:0009689 The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. EMAPA:17148 EMAPA:35360 neuronames:1367 neural tube intermediate zone future brain marginal layer neural tube mantle layer The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. MP:0009690 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 neural tube intermediate zone MP:0009690 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 future brain marginal layer EMAPA:35360 The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter. EMAPA:17151 neuronames:1368 neural tube marginal zone brain marginal zone neural tube marginal layer The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter. MP:0009691 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 neural tube marginal zone MP:0009691 The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. AAO:0010561 EFO:0001904 NCIT:C34111 Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) neuronames:1372 basal plate basal plate of neural tube spinal cord basal plate motor part of neural tube ventral part of neural tube neural tube basal plate The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. MP:0009693 Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 basal plate of neural tube Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube) spinal cord basal plate MP:0009693 The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. EHDAA2:0000578 EHDAA:4778 EMAPA:16681 FMA:293101 NCIT:C34182 SCTID:361486000 VHOG:0001319 Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence embryonic frontonasal prominence forebrain prominence frontonasal mass frontonasal process prominentia frontonasalis frontonasal prominence The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. MP:0009901 embryonic frontonasal prominence http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 forebrain prominence MP:0009901 frontonasal mass MP:0009901 frontonasal process MP:0009901 prominentia frontonasalis Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it. EHDAA2:0000916 EHDAA:4786 EMAPA:16805 FMA:295864 SCTID:308880000 Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_prominence lateral nasal process latero-nasal process lateral nasal swelling prominentia nasalis lateralis lateral nasal prominence The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it. MP:0009902 Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_prominence lateral nasal process EHDAA2:0000916 latero-nasal process EMAPA:16805 lateral nasal swelling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 prominentia nasalis lateralis Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_prominence The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. EHDAA2:0001076 EHDAA:4792 EMAPA:16808 FMA:295858 SCTID:308877001 VHOG:0000804 Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence medial nasal process medial-nasal process prominentia nasalis medialis medial nasal swelling nasomedial prominence medial nasal prominence The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. MP:0009903 Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence medial nasal process EHDAA2:0001076 medial-nasal process EMAPA:16808 prominentia nasalis medialis Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence medial nasal swelling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nasomedial prominence https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid. BIRNLEX:1356 BTO:0001442 EFO:0001914 EMAPA:32674 FMA:78447 HBA:9418 MA:0000818 MESH:D002552 NCIT:C12356 SCTID:180929003 neuronames:2497 brain ventricles cerebral ventricle region of ventricular system of brain brain ventricle One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 brain ventricles cerebral ventricle HP:0002118 region of ventricular system of brain FMA:78447 Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. AAO:0010215 BTO:0001438 EMAPA:18415 FMA:321896 GAID:547 MA:0000068 MESH:D014684 NCIT:C12817 SCTID:244405007 Wikipedia:Venae_cavae caval vein venae cavae vena cava Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Wikipedia:Venae_cavae http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 venae cavae Wikipedia:Venae_cavae The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. FMA:260119 content of orbital part of eye eye region orbital part of face ocular and peri-ocular region ocular region orbital content orbital part of eye orbital region The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 content of orbital part of eye FMA:260119 eye region http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 orbital part of face http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 orbital content FMA:260119 orbital part of eye FMA:72951 The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. FMA:285406 MA:0001910 lower face midface/lower face snout midface The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. HP:0000309 http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/midface snout MA:0001910 Missing definition for term UBERON:0004092. Please replace it using linked reference. hypothalamus-pituitary axis Missing definition for term UBERON:0004092. Please replace it using linked reference. HP:0000864 Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint. FMA:38911 synovial cavity of elbow joint joint space of elbow Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint. HP:0003943 synovial cavity of elbow joint FMA:38911 The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. FMA:265239 SCTID:279371005 Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system collecting duct system kidney collecting duct system tubulus renalis colligens renal collecting system The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. HP:0004742 Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system collecting duct system Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system kidney collecting duct system Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system tubulus renalis colligens Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system One of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. BTO:0001383 EMAPA:35118 FMA:313923 GAID:215 MA:0003119 MESH:D000539 NCIT:C89749 SCTID:245790000 Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge alveolar body alveolar bone alveolar margin alveolar process margo alveolaris alveolar ridge One of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. HP:0006477 Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge alveolar body MP:0004189 alveolar bone MP:0004189 margo alveolaris 2 Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. AEO:0000080 EHDAA2:0003080 FMA:242873 SCTID:346902003 Wikipedia:Foramen foramen foramina opening ostia ostium anatomical conduit Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 foramen EHDAA2:0003080 foramina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ostia A muscle of the tympanic cavity that attaches to an auditory ossicle. FMA:49026 MA:0000256 NCIT:C33148 SCTID:244778009 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_auditory_ossicles auditory ossicles muscle muscle of auditory ossicles muscle of tympanic cavity ossicular muscle tympanic cavity muscle muscle of middle ear muscle of auditory ossicle A muscle of the tympanic cavity that attaches to an auditory ossicle. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 auditory ossicles muscle FMA:49026 muscle of auditory ossicles FMA:49026 ossicular muscle FMA:49026 tympanic cavity muscle MA:0000256 Small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear. BTO:0002098 EHDAA2:0004119 FMA:56461 SCTID:362551002 Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity anatomical cavity of middle ear cavitas tympani cavity of middle ear middle ear cavity middle-ear cavity cavitas tympanica tympanum tympanic cavity Small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear. Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity anatomical cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic cavitas tympani Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic middle ear cavity OBOL:automatic middle-ear cavity OBOL:automatic cavitas tympanica BTO:0002098 tympanum BTO:0002098 A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001219 anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel blood vessel of anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel of cavity of middle ear blood vessel of middle ear anatomical cavity blood vessel of middle ear cavity cavity of middle ear blood vessel middle ear anatomical cavity blood vessel middle ear blood vessel middle ear cavity blood vessel tympanic cavity blood vessel blood vessel of tympanic cavity A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of anatomical cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic blood vessel of middle ear anatomical cavity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of middle ear cavity OBOL:automatic cavity of middle ear blood vessel OBOL:automatic middle ear anatomical cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic middle ear cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001222 anatomical cavity of middle ear nerve cavity of middle ear nerve middle ear anatomical cavity nerve middle ear cavity nerve nerve of anatomical cavity of middle ear nerve of cavity of middle ear nerve of middle ear anatomical cavity nerve of middle ear cavity tympanic cavity nerve tympanic cavity nerves nerve of tympanic cavity A nerve that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical cavity of middle ear nerve OBOL:automatic cavity of middle ear nerve OBOL:automatic middle ear anatomical cavity nerve OBOL:automatic middle ear cavity nerve OBOL:automatic nerve of anatomical cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic nerve of cavity of middle ear OBOL:automatic nerve of middle ear anatomical cavity OBOL:automatic nerve of middle ear cavity OBOL:automatic tympanic cavity nerves MA:0001222 An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. AAO:0011113 EFO:0003627 EHDAA:1086 EHDAA:1669 EHDAA:579 EHDAA:617 EMAPA:32752 FMA:293063 NCIT:C34252 SCTID:34674002 TAO:0001106 VHOG:0001203 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology) XAO:0000282 ZFA:0001106 branchial pouch visceral pouch pharyngeal pouches visceral pouches The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389] pharyngeal pouch An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. PMID:23020903 ZFA:0001106 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 branchial pouch Wikipedia:Branchial_pouch visceral pouch pharyngeal pouches VHOG:0001203 visceral pouches VHOG:0001203 A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. ZFA:0005568 iris blood vessels iris vascular network iris vasculature vascular network of iris vasculature of iris A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic iris blood vessels ZFA:0005568 iris vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of iris OBOL:automatic An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. mesodermal derivative mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesodermal derivative FBbt:00025998 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ectodermal deriviative FBbt:00025990 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. AAO:0000624 BILA:0000122 BTO:0003091 EFO:0003864 EHDAA:1013 EMAPA:16367 EV:0100094 FMA:280610 GAID:362 MESH:D014566 NCIT:C12810 SCTID:278861008 VHOG:0000286 XAO:0000140 galen:GenitoUrinarySystem urogenital system GU tract UG tract Urogenitalsystem genito-urinary system genitourinary tract urogenital tract genitourinary system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. VHOG:0000286 Urogenitalsystem BTO:0003091 genito-urinary system FMA:280610 urogenital tract BTO:0003091 Any of the layers of the myocardium. Example: compact layer, trabecular layer. MA:0000080 layer of myocardium myocardium layer myocardial layer Any of the layers of the myocardium. Example: compact layer, trabecular layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. EFO:0003706 MA:0002866 TAO:0005059 ZFA:0005059 myocardial trabecular layer trabecular layer heart muscle trabecula heart muscle trabeculae myocardial trabeculae carneae trabecula of heart muscle trabeculae myocardium trabecular layer The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]. ZFA:0005059 trabecular layer ZFA:0005059 heart muscle trabeculae myocardial trabeculae carneae trabeculae TAO:0005059 A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. FMA:83511 TAO:0005060 ZFA:0005060 myocardium of region of ventricle trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle ventricular trabecular myocardium trabecular layer of ventricle A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. OBOL:automatic myocardium of region of ventricle FMA:83511 trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle GO:0003222 ventricular trabecular myocardium GO:0003222 The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. AAO:0011039 EHDAA2:0001320 EMAPA:16540 FMA:293357 NCIT:C34236 SCTID:362864008 TAO:0000050 VHOG:0000165 Wikipedia:Optic_vesicles XAO:0000228 ZFA:0000050 evagination eye vesicle ocular vesicle optic vesicles Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode [PMID:16496288] optic vesicle The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. GO:0003404 Wikipedia:Optic_vesicles eye vesicle XAO:0000228 ocular vesicle VHOG:0000165 optic vesicles ZFA:0000050 A cortical cell layer of the cerebellum. Examples: the granular (inner+outer) layer, molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and the ventricular layer of the embryo. BIRNLEX:880 EMAPA:35212 FMA:83141 MA:0000201 NCIT:C49137 SCTID:360478008 cell layer of cerebellar cortex cytoarchitectural part of the cerebellar cortex gray matter layer of cerebellum layer of cerebellar cortex layer of cerebellum cerebellar layer A cortical cell layer of the cerebellum. Examples: the granular (inner+outer) layer, molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and the ventricular layer of the embryo. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:Cortical_Cell_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum cytoarchitectural part of the cerebellar cortex BIRNLEX:880 gray matter layer of cerebellum FMA:83141 Missing definition for term UBERON:0004133. Please replace it using linked reference. salivary nucleus salivatory nucleus Missing definition for term UBERON:0004133. Please replace it using linked reference. GO:0021751 salivary nucleus GO:0021751 The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. EHDAA2:0000215 EMAPA:16106 VHOG:0000975 myocardial plate cardiac crescent cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment cardiogenic plate The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. GO:0003142 myocardial plate EHDAA2:0000215 cardiac crescent EMAPA:16106 cardiogenic crescent GO:0003142 A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. XAO:0004185 first heart field primary heart field FHF PHF heart field primary heart field A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. GO:0003138 GOC:mtg_heart GOC:rl first heart field XAO:0004185 primary heart field PMID:17276708 XAO:0004185 FHF XAO:0004185 PHF XAO:0004185 heart field XAO:0004185 An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. AAO:0010411 EFO:0003526 EMAPA:32685 NCIT:C34161 TAO:0000360 XAO:0000337 ZFA:0000360 embryonic heart tube endocardial heart tube endocardial tube heart tube An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. GO:0003143 GOC:mtg_heart embryonic heart tube GO:0003143 endocardial heart tube MP:0012700 endocardial tube XAO:0000337 The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. XAO:0004141 outflow tract septum The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. GO:0003148 The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. EHDAA2:0001351 EHDAA:464 EHDAA:798 EMAPA:16346 MA:0000100 VHOG:0000670 XAO:0004139 cardiac outflow tract heart outflow tract arterial (outflow) pole outflow tract The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. GO:0003151 cardiac outflow tract PMID:20735616 arterial (outflow) pole PMID:20735616 Vein of heart that drains the myocardium. EHDAA2:0004507 FMA:12846 NCIT:C12878 NCIT:C12882 SCTID:277726009 Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation ZFA:0005814 galen:CoronaryVein cardiac vein coronary vein heart vein vein of heart coronary vein cardiac vein Vein of heart that drains the myocardium. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardiac vein FMA:12846 coronary vein ZFA:0005814 heart vein OBOL:automatic vein of heart OBOL:automatic coronary vein Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. FMA:7095 SCTID:276456008 chamber of heart heart chamber generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus cardiac chamber A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. GO:0003205 An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium. EMAPA:36025 ZFA:0005808 proepicardial cluster proepicardial organ proepicardium An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium. GO:0003342 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proepicardium proepicardial cluster ZFA:0005808 proepicardial organ ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080218-16 A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. EHDAA2:0001829 EHDAA:736 EMAPA:16318 FMA:295593 NCIT:C34296 SCTID:308819008 VHOG:0000019 Wikipedia:Septum_transversum transverse septum septum transversum A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. VHOG:0000019 Wikipedia:Septum_transversum transverse septum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. FMA:45652 internal genitalia internal genitals internal reproductive organ internal sex organ TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 internal genitalia The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. GO:0035260 The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. FMA:45643 SCTID:362207005 external genitalia external reproductive organ external sex organ TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 external genitalia The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. GO:0035261 Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. BTO:0004605 FMA:7143 MA:0000747 SCTID:361338006 haematological system organ haemopoietic system organ hematopoeitic organ hematopoietic system organ organ of haematological system organ of haemopoietic system organ of hematopoietic system organ of organa haemopoietica organa haemopoietica organ hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ lymph organ lymphoid organ hemopoietic organ Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. GOC:Obol haematological system organ OBOL:automatic haemopoietic system organ OBOL:automatic hematopoietic system organ OBOL:automatic organ of haematological system OBOL:automatic organ of haemopoietic system OBOL:automatic organ of hematopoietic system OBOL:automatic organ of organa haemopoietica OBOL:automatic organa haemopoietica organ OBOL:automatic lymph organ MA:0000747 lymphoid organ BTO:0004605 FMA:7143 The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta. BTO:0001685 CALOHA:TS-0048 EFO:0002775 EMAPA:35135 MA:0000702 NCIT:C49191 aorta non-striated muscle aorta smooth muscle aortic smooth muscle aorta smooth muscle tissue The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta. MGI:csmith MP:0009865 aorta non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic aorta smooth muscle OBOL:automatic aortic smooth muscle BTO:0001685 The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts. EMAPA:35539 MA:0002911 adipose tissue of lactiferous gland adipose tissue of mammary gland fat tissue of lactiferous gland fat tissue of lobe of breast fat tissue of lobe of mammary gland fat tissue of mammary gland fatty tissue of lactiferous gland fatty tissue of lobe of breast fatty tissue of lobe of mammary gland fatty tissue of mammary gland lactiferous gland adipose tissue lactiferous gland fat tissue lactiferous gland fatty tissue lobe of breast adipose tissue lobe of breast fat tissue lobe of breast fatty tissue lobe of mammary gland adipose tissue lobe of mammary gland fat tissue lobe of mammary gland fatty tissue mammary gland adipose tissue mammary gland fat tissue mammary gland fatty tissue mammary gland fat The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts. GO:0060611 adipose tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic fat tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic fat tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic fat tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic fat tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of lactiferous gland OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of lobe of breast OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of lobe of mammary gland OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland adipose tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland fat tissue OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland fatty tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast adipose tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast fat tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of breast fatty tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland adipose tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland fat tissue OBOL:automatic lobe of mammary gland fatty tissue OBOL:automatic mammary gland adipose tissue OBOL:automatic mammary gland fat tissue OBOL:automatic mammary gland fatty tissue OBOL:automatic The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis. lactiferous gland cord mammary cord mammary sprout mammary gland cord The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis. MP:0013725 The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland. EMAPA:35714 FMA:45719 MA:0002912 NCIT:C13104 prostate stroma prostatic stroma stroma of prostate stroma of prostate gland stroma of glandular part of prostate prostate gland stroma The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland. GO:0060741 prostate stroma OBOL:automatic prostatic stroma FMA:45719 stroma of prostate OBOL:automatic stroma of prostate gland OBOL:automatic stroma of glandular part of prostate FMA:74349 OBOL:automatic A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. EMAPA:32930 endodermal gut gut endoderm endodermal part of digestive tract A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. GO:0061031 gut endoderm EMAPA:32930 The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. BTO:0001515 EMAPA:35458 MA:0002847 epithelium of glomerulus epithelium of kidney glomerulus epithelium of renal glomerulus kidney glomerular epithelium glomerular epithelial cell glomerular epithelium The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. GO:0072010 kidney glomerular epithelium MA:0002847 glomerular epithelial cell BTO:0001515 The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus. BTO:0004631 endothelium of renal glomerulus renal glomerulus endothelium glomerular endothelium The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus. GO:0072011 endothelium of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus endothelium OBOL:automatic The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus. glomerulus vasculature renal glomerulus vascular network renal glomerulus vasculature vascular network of renal glomerulus vasculature of renal glomerulus renal glomerulus vasculature The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus. GO:0072012 glomerulus vasculature OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus vascular network OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus vasculature OBOL:automatic vascular network of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic vasculature of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. EMAPA:27681 ZFA:0005588 CSB comma-shaped body The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. GO:0072049 CSB The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. EMAPA:27756 ZFA:0005589 SSB stage II nephron S-shaped body The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. GO:0072050 SSB stage II nephron http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Renal_vesicle.html Kidney pyramids are the conical arrangements of tubules that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts. pyramid BTO:0003926 FMA:258870 MA:0001654 NCIT:C12886 NCIT:C33436 SCTID:361328001 Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids Malpighian pyramid renal pyramid Malphigian pyramid Malpighian pyramid medullary pyramid pyramid of Malphigi pyramid of Malpighi pyramides renales pyramis renalis renal medullary region kidney pyramid Kidney pyramids are the conical arrangements of tubules that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts. GO:0072056 http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html pyramid GO:0072056 Malpighian pyramid Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids renal pyramid Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids Malphigian pyramid BTO:0003926 pyramid of Malphigi ncithesaurus:Pyramid_of_Malpighi pyramid of Malpighi UBERON:cjm pyramides renales Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids pyramis renalis BTO:0003926 renal medullary region FMA:258870 The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex. BTO:0002643 EMAPA:28130 MA:0002600 kidney cortex collecting duct renal cortex collecting duct cortical collecting duct The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex. GO:0072059 kidney cortex collecting duct MA:0002600 renal cortex collecting duct MA:0002600 Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron. mesenchyme of nephron nephron mesenchyme The detailed events associated with the differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are somewhat complex. It has been suggested that each terminal branch of the ureteric bud stimulates the associated cap mesenchyme tissue to form a renal vesicle (the most primitive stage of nephron development: a stage I nephron). This then elongates, becomes a comma-shaped and then an S-shaped body (stage II nephron), and makes contact with and fuses with the distal component of the ureteric bud. The latter then forms the collecting duct. One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman's capsule (also termed the glomerular capsule). Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus. The inner epithelial layer of the Bowman's capsule (also called the visceral epithelium, or podocyte layer because it consists of podocytes) is closely apposed to the endothelial glomerulus. Together, the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. The rest of the nephron elongates to form components of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule. The distal pole of the developing nephron connects to the ureteric bud that induced it at an early stage of nephron/ collecting duct development, before differentiation of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule are complete. This connection allows the excretory products produced by the kidney to be removed and subsequently transferred, via the ureter, into the bladder where they are stored until it is appropriate to empty the bladder. [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron] nephrogenic mesenchyme Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron. GO:0072076 mesenchyme of nephron OBOL:automatic nephron mesenchyme OBOL:automatic The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. stage I nephron renal vesicle The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. GO:0072077 stage I nephron ZFA:0005586 http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Renal_vesicle.html The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron. epithelial tissue of nephron epithelium of nephron nephron epithelial tissue nephron epithelium The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron. GO:0072088 epithelial tissue of nephron OBOL:automatic epithelium of nephron OBOL:automatic nephron epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic The small branching blood vessels in the kidney glomerulus that receives blood from the kidney afferent arterioles; these capillaries are under high pressure for filtering within the glomerulus. EMAPA:28245 FMA:274259 MA:0002587 NCIT:C32684 SCTID:362049007 TAO:0005284 ZFA:0005284 blood capillary of renal glomerulus capillary of renal glomerulus capillary vessel of renal glomerulus renal glomerulus blood capillary renal glomerulus capillary renal glomerulus capillary vessel glomerular capillaries glomerular capillary system glomerular capillary The small branching blood vessels in the kidney glomerulus that receives blood from the kidney afferent arterioles; these capillaries are under high pressure for filtering within the glomerulus. MGI:csmith MP:0011320 blood capillary of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic capillary of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of renal glomerulus OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus blood capillary OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus capillary OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus capillary vessel OBOL:automatic glomerular capillaries glomerular capillary system MA:0002587 A nerve that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000685 hind limb stylopod nerve hindlimb stylopod nerve lower extremity stylopod nerve thigh RELATED upper leg nerve A nerve that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic lower extremity stylopod nerve OBOL:automatic thigh RELATED OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000497 nerve of back back nerve A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of back OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000601 lower arm nerve A nerve that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000607 upper arm nerve A nerve that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000679 lower leg nerve A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36630 FMA:76909 MA:0001691 muscle layer of urethra muscular coat of urethra muscular layer of urethra smooth muscle of urethra smooth muscle tissue of urethra tunica muscularis urethrae urethra smooth muscle tissue urethral smooth muscle urethra smooth muscle layer A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle layer of urethra FMA:76909 muscular coat of urethra FMA:76909 muscular layer of urethra FMA:76909 smooth muscle of urethra OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of urethra OBOL:automatic tunica muscularis urethrae FMA:TA urethra smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic urethral smooth muscle MA:0001691 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35469 MA:0001547 involuntary muscle of large intestine large intestine involuntary muscle large intestine non-striated muscle large intestine smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of large intestine smooth muscle of large intestine smooth muscle tissue of large intestine large intestine smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of large intestine OBOL:automatic large intestine involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic large intestine non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic large intestine smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of large intestine OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of large intestine OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of large intestine OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000643 EMAPA:35441 EMAPA:35443 MA:0001539 NCIT:C49243 bowel involuntary muscle bowel non-striated muscle bowel smooth muscle bowel smooth muscle tissue intestine involuntary muscle intestine non-striated muscle intestine smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bowel involuntary muscle of intestine non-striated muscle of bowel non-striated muscle of intestine smooth muscle of bowel smooth muscle of intestine smooth muscle tissue of bowel smooth muscle tissue of intestine intestinal muscularis intestinal smooth muscle intestine smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bowel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bowel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bowel smooth muscle OBOL:automatic bowel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic intestine involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic intestine non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic intestine smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bowel OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of intestine OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bowel OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of intestine OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bowel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of intestine OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bowel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of intestine OBOL:automatic intestinal muscularis EMAPA:35441 intestinal smooth muscle BTO:0000643 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001818 EMAPA:35823 MA:0001627 involuntary muscle of stomach involuntary muscle of ventriculus non-striated muscle of stomach non-striated muscle of ventriculus smooth muscle of stomach smooth muscle of ventriculus smooth muscle tissue of stomach smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus stomach involuntary muscle stomach non-striated muscle stomach smooth muscle tissue ventriculus involuntary muscle ventriculus non-striated muscle ventriculus smooth muscle ventriculus smooth muscle tissue gastric muscle gastric smooth muscle stomach muscle stomach smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of stomach OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of ventriculus OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of stomach OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of ventriculus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of stomach OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of ventriculus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of stomach OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus OBOL:automatic stomach involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic stomach non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic stomach smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic ventriculus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic ventriculus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic ventriculus smooth muscle OBOL:automatic ventriculus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic gastric muscle BTO:0001818 gastric smooth muscle MA:0001627 stomach muscle BTO:0001818 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004999 MA:0001733 involuntary muscle of vagina non-striated muscle of vagina smooth muscle of vagina smooth muscle tissue of vagina vagina involuntary muscle vagina non-striated muscle vagina smooth muscle tissue vaginal smooth muscle vagina smooth muscle vagina smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of vagina OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of vagina OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of vagina OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of vagina OBOL:automatic vagina involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic vagina non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic vagina smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic vaginal smooth muscle BTO:0004999 vagina smooth muscle BTO:0004999 A muscular coat that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:29270 FMA:19239 MA:0001750 SCTID:299705008 muscle layer of deferent duct muscle layer of ductus deferens muscle layer of vas deferens muscular coat of ductus deferens muscular layer of ductus deferens muscularis of vas deferens tunica muscularis (ductus deferens) tunica muscularis ductus deferentis muscular coat of vas deferens A muscular coat that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle layer of deferent duct FMA:19239 muscle layer of ductus deferens FMA:19239 muscle layer of vas deferens FMA:19239 muscular coat of ductus deferens FMA:19239 muscular layer of ductus deferens FMA:19239 muscularis of vas deferens FMA:19239 tunica muscularis (ductus deferens) FMA:19239 tunica muscularis ductus deferentis FMA:19239 FMA:TA A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001660 EMAPA:35734 MA:0001830 respiratory smooth muscle smooth muscle of respiratory system airway smooth muscle airway smooth muscle cell respiratory system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic respiratory smooth muscle BTO:0001660 smooth muscle of respiratory system OBOL:automatic airway smooth muscle BTO:0001660 airway smooth muscle cell BTO:0001660 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35117 MA:0001523 smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the urothelium of the kidney pelvis. EMAPA:28120 FMA:262022 MA:0002631 kidney pelvis smooth muscle renal pelvis smooth muscle smooth muscle tissue of renal pelvis pelvic smooth muscle kidney pelvis smooth muscle The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the urothelium of the kidney pelvis. MGI:csmith MP:0011335 kidney pelvis smooth muscle EMAPA:28120 renal pelvis smooth muscle EMAPA:28120 smooth muscle tissue of renal pelvis FMA:262022 pelvic smooth muscle EMAPA:28120 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001849 CALOHA:TS-1087 MA:0001697 bladder involuntary muscle bladder non-striated muscle bladder smooth muscle bladder smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bladder involuntary muscle of urinary bladder non-striated muscle of bladder non-striated muscle of urinary bladder smooth muscle of bladder smooth muscle of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue of bladder smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder urinary bladder involuntary muscle urinary bladder muscle urinary bladder non-striated muscle urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle layer of bladder urinary bladder smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic urinary bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder muscle MA:0001697 urinary bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:30123 FMA:67990 MA:0001699 bladder neck involuntary muscle bladder neck non-striated muscle bladder neck smooth muscle bladder neck smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bladder neck involuntary muscle of neck of bladder involuntary muscle of neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle of urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle of vesical neck neck of bladder involuntary muscle neck of bladder non-striated muscle neck of bladder smooth muscle neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of bladder neck non-striated muscle of neck of bladder non-striated muscle of neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle of urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle of vesical neck smooth muscle of bladder neck smooth muscle of neck of bladder smooth muscle of neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle of urinary bladder neck smooth muscle of vesical neck smooth muscle tissue of bladder neck smooth muscle tissue of neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue of neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue of vesical neck trigonal muscle trigonal muscle of urinary bladder urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle urinary bladder neck muscle urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue vesical neck involuntary muscle vesical neck non-striated muscle vesical neck smooth muscle vesical neck smooth muscle tissue urinary bladder neck smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bladder neck involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bladder neck non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bladder neck smooth muscle OBOL:automatic bladder neck smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bladder neck OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of vesical neck OBOL:automatic neck of bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic neck of bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic neck of bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bladder neck OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of vesical neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bladder neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of vesical neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bladder neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of vesical neck OBOL:automatic trigonal muscle FMA:67990 trigonal muscle of urinary bladder FMA:67990 urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck muscle MA:0001699 urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic vesical neck involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic vesical neck non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic vesical neck smooth muscle OBOL:automatic vesical neck smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001532 anal part of perineum involuntary muscle anal part of perineum non-striated muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue anal region involuntary muscle anal region non-striated muscle anal region smooth muscle tissue anal triangle involuntary muscle anal triangle non-striated muscle anal triangle smooth muscle anal triangle smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum involuntary muscle of anal region involuntary muscle of anal triangle non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum non-striated muscle of anal region non-striated muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle of anal part of perineum smooth muscle of anal region smooth muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue of anal region smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle anal region smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum smooth muscle OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic anal region involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic anal region non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic anal region smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic anal triangle involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic anal triangle non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic anal triangle smooth muscle OBOL:automatic anal triangle smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of anal triangle OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of anal triangle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of anal triangle OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of anal region OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36313 FMA:262026 MA:0000751 NCIT:C49260 involuntary muscle of lymph vessel involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel lymph vessel involuntary muscle lymph vessel non-striated muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of lymph vessel non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle of lymph vessel smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel lymphatic vessel smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic lymph vessel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic lymph vessel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic lymph vessel smooth muscle OBOL:automatic lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35520 MA:0002410 involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000655 EMAPA:35448 FMA:312338 MA:0001270 involuntary muscle of iris iridial smooth muscle iris involuntary muscle iris non-striated muscle iris smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of iris smooth muscle of iris smooth muscle tissue of iris iris smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of iris OBOL:automatic iridial smooth muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 iris involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic iris non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic iris smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of iris OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of iris OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of iris OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a mammary gland [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000795 smooth muscle tissue of mammary gland mammary gland smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a mammary gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of mammary gland OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36287 FMA:312251 MA:0000706 arteriole smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. BTO:0001431 CALOHA:TS-1107 EMAPA:35177 MA:0000710 MESH:D009131 NCIT:C33853 TAO:0005321 Wikipedia:Vascular_smooth_muscle ZFA:0005321 blood vessel involuntary muscle blood vessel non-striated muscle blood vessel smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of blood vessel non-striated muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel vascular smooth muscle vascular smooth muscle tissue blood vessel smooth muscle Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. Wikipedia:Vascular_smooth_muscle blood vessel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic blood vessel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic blood vessel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic vascular smooth muscle ZFA:0005321 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35807 MA:0000757 involuntary muscle of spleen non-striated muscle of spleen smooth muscle of spleen smooth muscle tissue of spleen spleen involuntary muscle spleen non-striated muscle spleen smooth muscle tissue spleen smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of spleen OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of spleen OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of spleen OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of spleen OBOL:automatic spleen involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic spleen non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic spleen smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35783 MA:0001559 involuntary muscle of small bowel involuntary muscle of small intestine non-striated muscle of small bowel non-striated muscle of small intestine small bowel involuntary muscle small bowel non-striated muscle small bowel smooth muscle small bowel smooth muscle tissue small intestine involuntary muscle small intestine non-striated muscle small intestine smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of small bowel smooth muscle of small intestine smooth muscle tissue of small bowel smooth muscle tissue of small intestine small intestine smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of small bowel OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of small intestine OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of small bowel OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of small intestine OBOL:automatic small bowel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic small bowel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic small bowel smooth muscle OBOL:automatic small bowel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic small intestine involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic small intestine non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic small intestine smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of small bowel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of small intestine OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of small bowel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of small intestine OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35373 MA:0001635 NCIT:C49483 gall bladder involuntary muscle gall bladder non-striated muscle gall bladder smooth muscle gall bladder smooth muscle tissue gallbladder involuntary muscle gallbladder non-striated muscle gallbladder smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of gall bladder involuntary muscle of gallbladder non-striated muscle of gall bladder non-striated muscle of gallbladder smooth muscle of gall bladder smooth muscle of gallbladder smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder biliary smooth muscle gallbladder smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic gall bladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic gall bladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic gall bladder smooth muscle OBOL:automatic gall bladder smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic gallbladder involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic gallbladder non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of gall bladder OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of gallbladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of gall bladder OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of gallbladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of gall bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of gallbladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder OBOL:automatic biliary smooth muscle MA:0001635 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004401 EMAPA:35195 MA:0001840 NCIT:C49213 bronchi involuntary muscle bronchi non-striated muscle bronchi smooth muscle bronchi smooth muscle tissue bronchial trunk involuntary muscle bronchial trunk non-striated muscle bronchial trunk smooth muscle bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue bronchus involuntary muscle bronchus non-striated muscle bronchus smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bronchi involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk involuntary muscle of bronchus non-striated muscle of bronchi non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk non-striated muscle of bronchus smooth muscle of bronchi smooth muscle of bronchial trunk smooth muscle of bronchus smooth muscle tissue of bronchi smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue of bronchus bronchial smooth muscle bronchus smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bronchi involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bronchi non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bronchi smooth muscle OBOL:automatic bronchi smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk smooth muscle OBOL:automatic bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic bronchus involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic bronchus non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic bronchus smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bronchi OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of bronchus OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bronchi OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of bronchus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bronchi OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of bronchus OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchi OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of bronchus OBOL:automatic bronchial smooth muscle EMAPA:35195 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0003159 EMAPA:35713 FMA:74245 MA:0001741 involuntary muscle of prostate involuntary muscle of prostate gland muscular tissue of prostate non-striated muscle of prostate non-striated muscle of prostate gland prostate gland involuntary muscle prostate gland non-striated muscle prostate gland smooth muscle tissue prostate involuntary muscle prostate non-striated muscle prostate smooth muscle prostate smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of prostate smooth muscle of prostate gland smooth muscle tissue of prostate smooth muscle tissue of prostate gland substantia muscularis prostatae prostate gland smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of prostate OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of prostate gland OBOL:automatic muscular tissue of prostate FMA:74245 non-striated muscle of prostate OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of prostate gland OBOL:automatic prostate gland involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic prostate gland non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic prostate gland smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic prostate involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic prostate non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic prostate smooth muscle OBOL:automatic prostate smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of prostate OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of prostate gland OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of prostate OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of prostate gland OBOL:automatic substantia muscularis prostatae FMA:74245 FMA:TA A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001721 fallopian tube involuntary muscle fallopian tube non-striated muscle fallopian tube smooth muscle fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of fallopian tube non-striated muscle of fallopian tube smooth muscle of fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue of fallopian tube oviduct smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fallopian tube involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic fallopian tube non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic fallopian tube smooth muscle OBOL:automatic fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000492 involuntary muscle of outflow tract non-striated muscle of outflow tract outflow tract involuntary muscle outflow tract non-striated muscle outflow tract smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of outflow tract smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract outflow tract smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic outflow tract involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal. MA:0000494 back bone bone of back dorsal region bone bone of dorsum A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 back bone MA:0000494 bone of back OBOL:automatic dorsal region bone http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a hindlimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids. MA:0000646 bone of digit of foot digit of foot bone digital bone of foot digital bone of pes digitus pedis bone digitus pedis bone organ foot digit bone foot digit bone organ hind limb digit bone toe bone toe bone organ foot digit bone pedal digit bone A bone that is part of a hindlimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bone of digit of foot OBOL:automatic digit of foot bone OBOL:automatic digitus pedis bone OBOL:automatic digitus pedis bone organ OBOL:automatic foot digit bone MA:0000646 foot digit bone organ OBOL:automatic hind limb digit bone OBOL:accepted toe bone OBOL:automatic toe bone organ OBOL:automatic foot digit bone NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A bone that is part of a forelimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids. MA:0000622 digital bone of hand digital bone of manus finger bone fore limb digit bone hand digit bone hand digit bone manual digit bone A bone that is part of a forelimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 finger bone OBOL:automatic fore limb digit bone OBOL:accepted hand digit bone MA:0000622 hand digit bone NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35892 MA:0000604 humerus May be merged into humerus. See: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 upper arm bone A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 humerus https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 A bone that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35519 MA:0000676 bone of hind limb middle limb segment bone of hind limb zeugopod bone of hindlimb middle limb segment bone of hindlimb zeugopod bone of inferior member middle limb segment bone of inferior member zeugopod bone of intermediate segment of free lower limb bone of lower extremity middle limb segment bone of lower extremity zeugopod bone of lower leg bone of middle limb segment of hind limb bone of middle limb segment of hindlimb bone of middle limb segment of inferior member bone of middle limb segment of lower extremity bone of zeugopod of hind limb bone of zeugopod of hindlimb bone of zeugopod of inferior member bone of zeugopod of leg bone of zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ of hind limb middle limb segment bone organ of hind limb zeugopod bone organ of hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ of hindlimb zeugopod bone organ of inferior member middle limb segment bone organ of inferior member zeugopod bone organ of intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ of lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ of lower extremity zeugopod bone organ of lower leg bone organ of middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ of middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ of middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ of middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ of zeugopod of hind limb bone organ of zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ of zeugopod of inferior member bone organ of zeugopod of leg bone organ of zeugopod of lower extremity hind limb middle limb segment bone hind limb middle limb segment bone organ hind limb zeugopod bone hind limb zeugopod bone organ hindlimb middle limb segment bone hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ hindlimb zeugopod bone hindlimb zeugopod bone organ inferior member middle limb segment bone inferior member middle limb segment bone organ inferior member zeugopod bone inferior member zeugopod bone organ intermediate segment of free lower limb bone intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ lower extremity middle limb segment bone lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ lower extremity zeugopod bone lower extremity zeugopod bone organ lower leg bone middle limb segment of hind limb bone middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ middle limb segment of hindlimb bone middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ middle limb segment of inferior member bone middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ middle limb segment of lower extremity bone middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ zeugopod of hind limb bone zeugopod of hind limb bone organ zeugopod of hindlimb bone zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ zeugopod of inferior member bone zeugopod of inferior member bone organ zeugopod of leg bone zeugopod of leg bone organ zeugopod of lower extremity bone zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ hindlimb zeugopod bone A bone that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bone of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic bone of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone of lower leg OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic bone of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic bone organ of hind limb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of hind limb zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone organ of hindlimb middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of hindlimb zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone organ of inferior member middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of inferior member zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone organ of intermediate segment of free lower limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower extremity middle limb segment OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower extremity zeugopod OBOL:automatic bone organ of lower leg OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone organ of middle limb segment of lower extremity OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of inferior member OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of leg OBOL:automatic bone organ of zeugopod of lower extremity OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic inferior member middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic inferior member zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb bone OBOL:automatic intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment bone OBOL:automatic lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod bone OBOL:automatic lower extremity zeugopod bone organ OBOL:automatic lower leg bone MA:0000676 middle limb segment of hind limb bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity bone OBOL:automatic middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hind limb bone organ OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of inferior member bone organ OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of leg bone organ OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity bone OBOL:automatic zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001367 EMAPA:19144 FMA:22470 MA:0000684 SCTID:245013005 muscle of thigh thigh muscle upper leg muscle hindlimb stylopod muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle of thigh FMA:22470 thigh muscle FMA:22470 upper leg muscle MA:0000684 Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18187 EMAPA:35776 MA:0002710 MA:0003139 integumental system muscle muscle of integumental system muscle organ of skin skin muscle organ skin muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic integumental system muscle MA:0003139 muscle of integumental system EMAPA:18187 muscle organ of skin OBOL:automatic skin muscle organ OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32622 FMA:37371 MA:0000600 SCTID:181631004 forearm muscle lower arm muscle muscle of forearm wing zeugopod muscle forelimb zeugopod muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic forearm muscle FMA:37371 lower arm muscle MA:0000600 muscle of forearm FMA:37371 wing zeugopod muscle NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19107 FMA:37370 MA:0000606 SCTID:244979005 muscle of upper arm upper arm muscle wing stylopod muscle muscle of arm skeletal muscle of upper arm forelimb stylopod muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle of upper arm MA:0000606 upper arm muscle MA:0000606 wing stylopod muscle NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic muscle of arm FMA:37370 skeletal muscle of upper arm EMAPA:19107 Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19318 FMA:22471 MA:0000678 SCTID:265806001 lower leg muscle calf muscle muscle of leg hindlimb zeugopod muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lower leg muscle MA:0000678 calf muscle OBOL:automatic muscle of leg FMA:22471 A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000681 blood vessel of stylopod of hind limb blood vessel of stylopod of hindlimb blood vessel of thigh blood vessel of upper leg hind limb stylopod blood vessel hindlimb stylopod blood vessel thigh blood vessel upper leg blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of stylopod of hind limb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of stylopod of hindlimb OBOL:automatic blood vessel of thigh OBOL:automatic blood vessel of upper leg OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod blood vessel OBOL:automatic thigh blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000493 blood vessel of back back blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of back OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000597 forelimb zeugopod blood vessel lower arm blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic forelimb zeugopod blood vessel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000603 forelimb stylopod blood vessel upper arm blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic forelimb stylopod blood vessel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood vessel that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000675 hindlimb zeugopod blood vessel lower leg blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hindlimb zeugopod blood vessel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18159 FMA:37790 MA:0000686 SCTID:181547006 hind limb stylopod skin hindlimb stylopod skin skin of upper leg skin of thigh thigh skin upper leg skin A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb stylopod skin OBOL:automatic hindlimb stylopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of upper leg OBOL:automatic skin of thigh OBOL:automatic thigh skin OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18062 FMA:37721 MA:0000608 SCTID:181531009 arm stylopod skin skin of arm stylopod skin of upper arm upper arm skin A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic arm stylopod skin OBOL:automatic skin of arm stylopod OBOL:automatic skin of upper arm OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18156 MA:0000680 SCTID:244180007 hind limb middle limb segment skin hind limb zeugopod skin lower leg skin A zone of skin that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb middle limb segment skin OBOL:automatic hind limb zeugopod skin OBOL:automatic A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001358 EMAPA:35623 MA:0000489 VHOG:0000603 cardiac muscle of outflow tract heart muscle of outflow tract heart myocardium of outflow tract muscle of heart of outflow tract myocardium of outflow tract outflow tract cardiac muscle outflow tract heart muscle outflow tract heart myocardium outflow tract muscle of heart outflow tract myocardium A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic heart muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic heart myocardium of outflow tract OBOL:automatic muscle of heart of outflow tract OBOL:automatic myocardium of outflow tract OBOL:automatic outflow tract cardiac muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract heart muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract heart myocardium OBOL:automatic outflow tract muscle of heart OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000683 upper leg connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000495 mesenchyne of back back connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mesenchyne of back OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000599 lower arm connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000605 upper arm connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000677 lower leg connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000491 pericardium of outflow tract outflow tract pericardium A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic pericardium of outflow tract OBOL:automatic A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001498 articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium cartilaginous joint cranial suture cartilaginous joint cranial sutures cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set cartilaginous joint cranium suture cartilaginous joint suture of cranium cranial suture of articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture of cartilaginous joint cranial sutures of articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures of cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set of articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set of cartilaginous joint cranium suture of articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture of cartilaginous joint suture of cranium of articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium of cartilaginous joint cartilaginous joint suture A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture OBOL:automatic articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranial suture OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranial sutures OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint cranium suture OBOL:automatic cartilaginous joint suture of cranium OBOL:automatic cranial suture of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic cranial suture of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic cranial sutures of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic cranial sutures of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic cranial sutures set of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic cranial sutures set of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic cranium suture of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic cranium suture of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic suture of cranium of articulatio cartilaginea OBOL:automatic suture of cranium of cartilaginous joint OBOL:automatic A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004450 FMA:242815 MA:0000962 NCIT:C49248 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:242823 MA:0000984 NCIT:C49230 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium of fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus fourth ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere fourth ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic choroid plexus epithelium of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic epithelium of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere OBOL:automatic fourth ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus OBOL:automatic A muscle that is part of the eye region. AAO:0000156 EMAPA:35335 MA:0000271 eye muscle A muscle that is part of the eye region. OBOL:automatic Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. AEO:0000168 EHDAA2:0001843 EHDAA:5047 EMAPA:17213 FMA:23875 GAID:177 MA:0003006 MAT:0000032 MESH:D012863 MIAA:0000032 SCTID:361378004 VSAO:0000026 Wikipedia:Skeleton XAO:0004053 galen:Skeleton set of all bones set of bones of body skeleton Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. VSAO:0000026 The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. AAO:0010572 AEO:0000214 EHDAA2:0003259 EMAPA:31109 FMA:295654 NCIT:C34140 TAO:0001513 VHOG:0000676 ZFA:0001513 dermamyotome dermomyotomes dermomyotome The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. AEO:0000214 dermamyotome VHOG:0000676 dermomyotomes VHOG:0000676 A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. TAO:0000115 ZFA:0000115 heart cone rudimentary heart heart rudiment A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. GO:0003313 heart cone GO:0003313 rudimentary heart ZFA:0000115 Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. EMAPA:36645 FMA:9496 Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton cardiac fibrous skeleton fibrous skeleton of heart heart fibrous skeleton skeleton of heart anulus fibrosus dexter cordis anulus fibrosus sinister cordis trigona fibrosa trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis cardiac skeleton Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. GO:0003204 Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton cardiac fibrous skeleton EMAPA:36645 heart fibrous skeleton GO:0003204 skeleton of heart FMA:9496 anulus fibrosus dexter cordis Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton anulus fibrosus sinister cordis Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton trigona fibrosa Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton A nerve that is part of a parasympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001401 EMAPA:17271 MA:0000224 SCTID:276146002 VHOG:0000641 nerve of parasympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nerve A nerve that is part of a parasympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve of parasympathetic nervous system OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary. MA:0001658 NCIT:C32522 SCTID:243993006 renal glomerulus capillary endothelium glomerular capillary endothelium An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary. OBOL:automatic renal glomerulus capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic A nerve trunk that is part of a sympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001970 EMAPA:35845 MA:0000227 nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk sympathetic nerve trunk A nerve trunk that is part of a sympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system OBOL:automatic sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk OBOL:automatic A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001826 smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001806 smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic Distal-most phalanx within a digit. AAO:0010676 EMAPA:35287 MA:0002914 SCTID:299711006 Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges phalanx distalis terminal phalanx ungual phalanx phalanx distalis distal phalanx Distal-most phalanx within a digit. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/120 phalanx distalis Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges terminal phalanx AAO:0010676 ungual phalanx http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679 phalanx distalis Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges. AAO:0010677 EMAPA:35572 MA:0002915 SCTID:299710007 Wikipedia:Intermediate_phalanges intermediate phalanx medial phalanx penultimate phalanx phalanx 2 phalanx II middle phalanx A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 penultimate phalanx AAO:0010677 Proximal-most phalanx within a digit. AAO:0010680 EMAPA:35716 MA:0002916 SCTID:299708005 Wikipedia:Proximal_phalanges phalanx 1 phalanx I proximal-most phalanx proximal phalanx Proximal-most phalanx within a digit. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 proximal-most phalanx AAO:0010680 A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:23949 SCTID:361790004 5th digit of hand distal phalanx 5th finger distal phalanx distal phalanx of 5th digit of hand distal phalanx of 5th finger distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand distal phalanx of fifth finger distal phalanx of little finger distal phalanx of manual digit V fifth distal phalanx of hand fifth finger distal phalanx hand digit 5 distal phalanx distal phalanx of manual digit 5 A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic 5th digit of hand distal phalanx OBOL:automatic 5th finger distal phalanx OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 5th digit of hand OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 5th finger OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:23949 distal phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of little finger FMA:23949 distal phalanx of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 fifth distal phalanx of hand FMA:23949 fifth finger distal phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 distal phalanx OBOL:automatic A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:32627 SCTID:361799003 distal phalanx of big toe distal phalanx of first digit of foot distal phalanx of foot digit 1 distal phalanx of great toe distal phalanx of hallux distal phalanx of pedal digit I first distal phalanx of foot foot digit 1 distal phalanx hallux distal phalanx distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of big toe FMA:32627 distal phalanx of first digit of foot FMA:32627 distal phalanx of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of great toe FMA:32627 distal phalanx of hallux OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of pedal digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 first distal phalanx of foot FMA:32627 foot digit 1 distal phalanx OBOL:automatic hallux distal phalanx OBOL:automatic A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:32631 SCTID:10770001 SCTID:244674003 5th toe distal phalanx distal phalanx of 5th toe distal phalanx of fifth digit of foot distal phalanx of fifth toe distal phalanx of foot digit 5 distal phalanx of little toe distal phalanx of pedal digit V distal phalanx of the 5th toe fifth distal phalanx of foot foot digit 5 distal phalanx distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic 5th toe distal phalanx OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of 5th toe OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of fifth digit of foot FMA:32631 distal phalanx of fifth toe FMA:32631 distal phalanx of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic distal phalanx of little toe FMA:32631 distal phalanx of pedal digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 distal phalanx of the 5th toe OBOL:automatic fifth distal phalanx of foot FMA:32631 foot digit 5 distal phalanx OBOL:automatic A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:23936 SCTID:263410009 5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx 5th digit of hand middle phalanx 5th finger intermediate phalanx 5th finger middle phalanx fifth finger intermediate phalanx fifth finger middle phalanx fifth middle phalanx of hand hand digit 5 intermediate phalanx hand digit 5 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx of 5th finger intermediate phalanx of fifth finger intermediate phalanx of hand digit 5 middle phalanx of 5th digit of hand middle phalanx of 5th finger middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand middle phalanx of fifth finger middle phalanx of little finger middle phalanx of manual digit V middle phalanx of manual digit 5 A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic 5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic 5th digit of hand middle phalanx OBOL:automatic 5th finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic 5th finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic fifth finger intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic fifth finger middle phalanx OBOL:automatic fifth middle phalanx of hand FMA:23936 hand digit 5 intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic hand digit 5 middle phalanx OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 5th digit of hand OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 5th finger OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of hand digit 5 OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 5th digit of hand OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 5th finger OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:23936 middle phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of little finger OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A middle phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:230984 SCTID:182158005 SCTID:244673009 5th toe intermediate phalanx 5th toe middle phalanx foot digit 5 intermediate phalanx foot digit 5 middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 5th toe intermediate phalanx of foot digit 5 middle phalanx of 5th toe middle phalanx of foot digit 5 middle phalanx of little toe middle phalanx of pedal digit V middle phalanx of the 5th toe middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 A middle phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic 5th toe intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic 5th toe middle phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 intermediate phalanx OBOL:automatic foot digit 5 middle phalanx OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of 5th toe OBOL:automatic intermediate phalanx of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of 5th toe OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of little toe OBOL:automatic middle phalanx of pedal digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 middle phalanx of the 5th toe OBOL:automatic A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:23922 SCTID:263406006 5th digit of hand proximal phalanx 5th finger proximal phalanx fifth finger proximal phalanx fifth proximal phalanx of hand hand digit 5 proximal phalanx manual digit 5 proximal phalanx manual phalanx V-1 proximal phalanx of 5th digit of hand proximal phalanx of 5th finger proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand proximal phalanx of fifth finger proximal phalanx of little finger proximal phalanx of manual digit V proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic 5th digit of hand proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic 5th finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic fifth finger proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic fifth proximal phalanx of hand FMA:23922 hand digit 5 proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic manual digit 5 proximal phalanx PHENOSCAPE:wd manual phalanx V-1 PHENOSCAPE:wd proximal phalanx of 5th digit of hand OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of 5th finger OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:23922 proximal phalanx of fifth finger OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of little finger FMA:23922 proximal phalanx of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:43252 SCTID:182150003 foot digit 1 proximal phalanx hallux proximal phalanx pedal phalanx I-1 predal digit 1 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of big toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 1 proximal phalanx of great toe proximal phalanx of hallux proximal phalanx of pedal digit I proximal phalanx of the 1st toe proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foot digit 1 proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic hallux proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic pedal phalanx I-1 PHENOSCAPE:wd predal digit 1 proximal phalanx PHENOSCAPE:wd proximal phalanx of big toe FMA:43252 proximal phalanx of foot digit 1 OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of great toe FMA:43252 proximal phalanx of hallux OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of pedal digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:32621 SCTID:182157000 SCTID:244672004 5th toe proximal phalanx fifth proximal phalanx of foot foot digit 5 proximal phalanx pedal phalanx V-1 predal digit 5 proximal phalanx proximal phalanx of 5th toe proximal phalanx of fifth digit of foot proximal phalanx of fifth toe proximal phalanx of foot digit 5 proximal phalanx of little toe proximal phalanx of pedal digit V proximal phalanx of the 5th toe proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic 5th toe proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic fifth proximal phalanx of foot FMA:32621 foot digit 5 proximal phalanx OBOL:automatic pedal phalanx V-1 PHENOSCAPE:wd predal digit 5 proximal phalanx PHENOSCAPE:wd proximal phalanx of 5th toe OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of fifth digit of foot FMA:32621 proximal phalanx of fifth toe FMA:32621 proximal phalanx of foot digit 5 OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of little toe OBOL:automatic proximal phalanx of pedal digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:23945 SCTID:182007006 PDP distal phalanx of first digit of hand distal phalanx of manual digit I distal phalanx of thumb first distal phalanx of hand manual digit 1 distal phalanx pollical distal phalanx thumb distal phalanx distal phalanx of manual digit 1 A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic PDP Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb distal phalanx of first digit of hand FMA:23945 distal phalanx of manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 distal phalanx of thumb OBOL:automatic first distal phalanx of hand FMA:23945 manual digit 1 distal phalanx PHENOSCAPE:wd pollical distal phalanx Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb thumb distal phalanx OBOL:automatic A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:23918 SCTID:181992006 first proximal phalanx of hand manual digit 1 proximal phalanx manual phalanx I-1 proximal phalanx of first digit of hand proximal phalanx of manual digit I proximal phalanx of thumb thumb proximal proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic first proximal phalanx of hand FMA:23918 manual digit 1 proximal phalanx PHENOSCAPE:wd manual phalanx I-1 PHENOSCAPE:wd proximal phalanx of first digit of hand FMA:23918 proximal phalanx of manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal phalanx of thumb OBOL:automatic thumb proximal OBOL:automatic Upper part of skull, consisting of parietals, frontals, post-parietals, and in some species the squamosal and a portion of the alisphenoid. EHDAA2:0002167 EHDAA:9538 EMAPA:18016 FMA:52800 NCIT:C81188 SCTID:140592008 VHOG:0000331 Wikipedia:Calvaria_(skull) ZFA:0005606 calva cranial vault skull vault skull roof calvaria calvarium skullcap Terminology notes. we include calvarium as a synonym, but Gray's Anatomy's list includes the Ethmoid and Sphenoid bone in the Calvaria. Some books (and HPO) state that calvaria consists of just the frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone. Note vault may not be precisely equivalent to calvaria vault of skull Upper part of skull, consisting of parietals, frontals, post-parietals, and in some species the squamosal and a portion of the alisphenoid. MP:0000076 PMID:11523816 Wikipedia:Calvaria_(skull) calva FMA:52800 cranial vault ZFA:0005606 calvaria ZFA:0005606 skullcap ZFA:0005606 A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, and it is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals[VHOG]. BTO:0000474 EHDAA2:0001504 EMAPA:16107 EMAPA_RETIRED:16084 MESH:D000482 NCIT:C34101 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000114 SCTID:308825007 VHOG:0000738 Wikipedia:Allantois allantoic bud allantois A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, and it is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals[VHOG]. VHOG:0000738 Wikipedia:Allantois allantoic bud EMAPA:16107 The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP]. EHDAA2:0001525 EHDAA:185 EMAPA:16072 FMA:293110 NCIT:C28402 SCTID:361438007 VHOG:0001202 Wikipedia:Primitive_streak primitive streak - blastopore - germ ring primitive streak The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP]. MP:0002231 Wikipedia:Primitive_streak primitive streak - blastopore - germ ring VHOG:0001202 Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition. BTO:0001840 EHDAA2:0002091 EHDAA:56 EMAPA:16046 VHOG:0000979 trophectoderm Outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition. MP:0005028 An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. AAO:0010375 BTO:0001640 EMAPA:35944 FMA:296780 GAID:1307 MESH:D018878 NCIT:C34203 Wikipedia:Limb_bud XAO:0003161 limb buds limbbud gemmae membrorum developmentally_induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm limb bud An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. ISBN:9780878932504 MP:0005650 Wikipedia:Limb_bud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb buds limbbud GO:0060174 gemmae membrorum Wikipedia:Limb_bud The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm. EHDAA:938 EMAPA:16322 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001308 VHOG:0001296 optic eminence The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm. MP:0006305 Multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. AAO:0010760 EMAPA:32744 NCIT:C34109 TAO:0002146 Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge XAO:0004121 ZFA:0001702 apical epidermal ridge AER crista ectodermalis apicalis apical ectodermal ridge Multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. MP:0001676 Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge apical epidermal ridge XAO:0004121 AER MP:0001676 crista ectodermalis apicalis Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. VHOG:0001258 limb - fin bud paired appendage bud paired limb/fin bud Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056] paired limb/fin bud An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. ISBN:9780878932504 MP:0005650 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb - fin bud VHOG:0001258 paired limb/fin bud VHOG:0001258 The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. AAO:0010364 CALOHA:TS-2089 EHDAA2:0000006 EHDAA:573 EMAPA:16118 FMA:293019 MFMO:0000095 NCIT:C34175 SCTID:308767008 TAO:0001595 VHOG:0000296 Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch XAO:0000097 ZFA:0001612 1st pharyngeal arch branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first pharyngeal arch first visceral arch mandibular arch visceral arch 1 1st arch 1st visceral arch arcus pharyngeus primus pharyngeal arch 1 The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first visceral arch visceral arch 1 1st arch EHDAA2:0000006 1st visceral arch VHOG:0000296 arcus pharyngeus primus Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP]. AAO:0010414 EFO:0003695 EHDAA2:0000186 EHDAA:398 EHDAA:7327 EMAPA:16684 NCIT:C32123 TAO:0005004 VHOG:0000122 Wikipedia:Aortic_arches XAO:0000341 ZFA:0005004 PAA aortic arch aortic arches branchial aortic arches branchial arch artery embryonic aortic arch artery pharyngeal arch artery a. arcuum pharyngeorum aortic arch artery arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum branchial aortic arches pharyngeal arch arteries pharyngeal arch artery pharyngeal arch artery One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP]. MP:0002672 PAA MP:0002672 aortic arch ZFA:0005004 aortic arches ZFA:0005004 branchial aortic arches ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 branchial arch artery EMAPA:16684 embryonic aortic arch artery EMAPA:16684 MP:0002672 pharyngeal arch artery MP:0002672 a. arcuum pharyngeorum Wikipedia:Aortic_arches aortic arch artery EMAPA:16684 arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum Wikipedia:Aortic_arches branchial aortic arches ZFA:0005004 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 pharyngeal arch arteries pharyngeal arch artery VHOG:0000122 Thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta. BTO:0001715 EMAPA:16059 epamniotic cone placenta - ectoplacental cone ectoplacental cone Thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta. MP:0001717 PMID:19829370 Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac. EMAPA:36494 vitelline blood vessel Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. EMAPA:18804 FMA:58309 GAID:894 MA:0001246 MESH:D003886 NCIT:C32454 SCTID:281076002 TAO:0002157 Wikipedia:Descemet%27s_membrane ZFA:0001686 Descemet membrane Descemet's posterior elastic lamina lamina limitans posterior lamina limitans posterior corneae posterior limiting lamina posterior limiting lamina of cornea posterior limiting membrane The strong, resistant, thin, noncellular fourth layer of the cornea, located between the endothelium (from which it is secreted) and the stroma. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) Descemet's membrane A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. MP:0004285 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/15 Descemet's posterior elastic lamina FMA:58309 lamina limitans posterior FMA:58309 lamina limitans posterior corneae FMA:58309 FMA:TA posterior limiting lamina MA:0001246 posterior limiting lamina of cornea FMA:58309 posterior limiting membrane ZFA:0001686 A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. FMA:58273 MA:0001240 NCIT:C32226 SCTID:281075003 TAO:0002155 Wikipedia:Bowman%27s_membrane ZFA:0001684 Bowman's anterior elastic lamina Bowman's layer Bowman's membrane anterior elastic lamina anterior limiting lamina anterior limiting lamina of cornea lamina limitans anterior (cornea) lamina limitans anterior corneae Reichert's membrane anterior limiting membrane anterior limiting lamina of cornea A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane Bowman's anterior elastic lamina FMA:58273 Bowman's layer FMA:58273 Bowman's membrane FMA:58273 anterior elastic lamina ZFA:0001684 anterior limiting lamina MA:0001240 anterior limiting lamina of cornea FMA:58273 lamina limitans anterior (cornea) FMA:58273 lamina limitans anterior corneae FMA:58273 FMA:TA Reichert's membrane http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2956371&group_id=76834&atid=974957 anterior limiting membrane ZFA:0001684 Vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac. Wikipedia:Vitelline_circulation omphalomesenteric system vitelline bloos vessel system vitelline system vitelline vasculature Vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 omphalomesenteric system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vitelline bloos vessel system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vitelline system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. appendage bone bone of appendage bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton bone of free limb or fin A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A metaphysis that is in the proximal side of a diaphysis. FMA:32823 proximal diaphyseal end of long bone proximal metaphysis A metaphysis that is in the proximal side of a diaphysis. OBOL:automatic proximal diaphyseal end of long bone FMA:32823 An epiphysis that is on the proximal side of the bone. FMA:32821 SCTID:279998003 proximal end of long bone proximal epiphysis An epiphysis that is on the proximal side of the bone. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 proximal end of long bone FMA:32821 The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb. EHDAA2:0002221 EMAPA:32702 VSAO:0000300 free limb skeleton limb skeleton set of bones of limb skeleton of limb The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 free limb skeleton VSAO:0000300 limb skeleton EHDAA2:0002221 An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:32825 SCTID:313054009 humeral epiphysis epiphysis of humerus An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic humeral epiphysis OBOL:automatic An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33112 MA:0003113 SCTID:314626006 tibial epiphysis epiphysis of tibia An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic tibial epiphysis FMA:33112 An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:32838 MA:0003056 SCTID:314625005 femoral epiphysis epiphysis of femur An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic femoral epiphysis FMA:32838 An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:240707 SCTID:314620000 epiphysis of phalanx of finger epiphysis of phalanx of hand epiphysis of phalanx of manus An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epiphysis of phalanx of hand FMA:240707 An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33726 fibula epiphysis epiphysis of fibula An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fibula epiphysis FMA:33726 An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33814 SCTID:313057002 epiphysis of metatarsal metatarsal bone epiphysis metatarsal epiphysis epiphysis of metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone epiphysis FMA:33814 An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33792 SCTID:314907001 epiphysis of metacarpal metacarpal bone epiphysis metacarpal epiphysis epiphysis of metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic metacarpal bone epiphysis FMA:33792 An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33793 first metacarpal bone epiphysis metacarpal 1 epiphysis epiphysis of first metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic first metacarpal bone epiphysis FMA:33793 An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33815 first metatarsal bone epiphysis metatarsal 1 epiphysis epiphysis of first metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic first metatarsal bone epiphysis FMA:33815 An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:86315 fifth metatarsal bone epiphysis metatarsal 5 epiphysis epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fifth metatarsal bone epiphysis FMA:86315 A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:241364 bone tissue of epiphysis A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:241372 bone tissue of proximal epiphysis A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles. FMA:23362 SCTID:280028008 Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus proximal end of humerus proximal humeral epiphysis upper end of humerus head of the humerus humeral head proximal humerus upper extremity of humerus proximal epiphysis of humerus The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles. Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus proximal end of humerus FMA:23362 proximal humeral epiphysis OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper end of humerus FMA:23362 head of the humerus Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus humeral head Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus proximal humerus Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus upper extremity of humerus Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:32841 SCTID:244702009 proximal femoral epiphysis capital femoral epiphysis proximal epiphysis of femur A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic proximal femoral epiphysis OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 capital femoral epiphysis http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:226482 SCTID:272704004 basal epiphysis of phalanx of finger base of phalanx of finger basis phalangis manus proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger proximal epiphysis of phalanx of hand proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manus A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic basal epiphysis of phalanx of finger FMA:226482 base of phalanx of finger FMA:226482 basis phalangis manus FMA:226482 FMA:TA proximal epiphysis of phalanx of hand FMA:226482 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33817 SCTID:119545008 base of metatarsal bone basis ossis metatarsi proximal end of metatarsal bone upper end of metatarsal bone proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic base of metatarsal bone FMA:33817 basis ossis metatarsi FMA:33817 FMA:TA proximal end of metatarsal bone FMA:33817 upper end of metatarsal bone FMA:33817 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33795 SCTID:272695001 base of metacarpal bone basis ossis metacarpi metacarpal bone base proximal end of metacarpal bone upper end of metacarpal bone proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic base of metacarpal bone FMA:33795 basis ossis metacarpi FMA:33795 FMA:TA metacarpal bone base FMA:33795 proximal end of metacarpal bone FMA:33795 upper end of metacarpal bone FMA:33795 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 1 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37489 SCTID:272700008 basal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb base of phalanx of first digit of hand base of phalanx of thumb proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit I proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 1 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic basal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb FMA:37489 base of phalanx of first digit of hand FMA:37489 base of phalanx of thumb FMA:37489 proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb FMA:37489 NCBITaxon:9606 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 5 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37534 SCTID:368351008 basal epiphysis of phalanx of fifth finger basal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger base of phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of phalanx of fifth finger base of phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit V proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 5 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic basal epiphysis of phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37534 basal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger FMA:37534 base of phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:37534 base of phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37534 base of phalanx of little finger FMA:37534 proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger FMA:37534 NCBITaxon:9606 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:42788 SCTID:181978000 base of first metacarpal bone first metacarpal bone base proximal epiphysis of metacarpal 1 proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic base of first metacarpal bone FMA:42788 first metacarpal bone base FMA:42788 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:42800 SCTID:263473004 base of fifth metacarpal bone fifth metacarpal bone base proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone proximal epiphysis of metacarpal 5 proximal epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic base of fifth metacarpal bone FMA:42800 fifth metacarpal bone base FMA:42800 proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone FMA:42800 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:42963 SCTID:182124002 base of first metatarsal bone proximal end of first metatarsal bone proximal epiphysis of metatarsal 1 proximal epiphysis of first metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic base of first metatarsal bone FMA:42963 proximal end of first metatarsal bone FMA:42963 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:42967 SCTID:182145009 base of fifth metatarsal bone proximal end of fifth metatarsal bone proximal epiphysis of metatarsal 5 proximal epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic base of fifth metatarsal bone FMA:42967 proximal end of fifth metatarsal bone FMA:42967 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37541 SCTID:263448004 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fifth finger basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger base of distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of distal phalanx of fifth finger base of distal phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit V proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37541 basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger FMA:37541 base of distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:37541 base of distal phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37541 base of distal phalanx of little finger FMA:37541 proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger FMA:37541 NCBITaxon:9606 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37538 SCTID:263431007 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fifth finger basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger base of middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of middle phalanx of fifth finger base of middle phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit V proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 5 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37538 basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger FMA:37538 base of middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:37538 base of middle phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37538 base of middle phalanx of little finger FMA:37538 proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger FMA:37538 NCBITaxon:9606 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37535 SCTID:263415004 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger base of proximal phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit V proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger FMA:37535 base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand FMA:37535 base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger FMA:37535 base of proximal phalanx of little finger FMA:37535 proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger FMA:37535 NCBITaxon:9606 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37493 SCTID:182008001 base of distal phalanx of thumb proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit I proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of thumb proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic base of distal phalanx of thumb FMA:37493 proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of thumb FMA:37493 NCBITaxon:9606 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:37490 SCTID:181993001 basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb base of proximal phalanx of thumb proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit I proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb FMA:37490 base of proximal phalanx of thumb FMA:37490 proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb FMA:37490 NCBITaxon:9606 An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. SCTID:280033007 epiphysis of phalanx An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. proximal epiphysis of phalanx A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic One of three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which irrigate the cerebrum of the brain. AAO:0010493 BTO:0005205 CALOHA:TS-0126 EHDAA2:0000233 EHDAA:5294 EMAPA:18613 GAID:484 MA:0002562 MESH:D002536 NCIT:C12691 SCTID:181308008 Wikipedia:Cerebral_artery XAO:0000367 cerebral artery One of three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which irrigate the cerebrum of the brain. Wikipedia:Cerebral_artery A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra. MA:0002869 XAO:0003077 presacral vertebra trunk or cervical vertebra A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra. UBERONREF:0000006 presacral vertebra MA:0002869 A mesopodium that is part of a manus. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0000218 EHDAA:5196 EMAPA:19122 EMAPA:32784 FMA:24922 GAID:59 MA:0000039 MESH:D014953 NCIT:C111033 SCTID:361289009 Wikipedia:Wrist galen:Wrist carpal limb segment carpal segment fore basipodium fore mesopodium hand mesopodium manus mesopodium regio carpalis wrist wrist region carpus of fore-paw articulatio radiocarpea carpus carpal region A mesopodium that is part of a manus. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Wrist https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fore basipodium MA:th fore mesopodium MA:th regio carpalis FMA:24922 FMA:TA wrist MA:0000039 carpus of fore-paw EMAPA:19122 articulatio radiocarpea Wikipedia:Wrist carpus A metapodium region that is part of a manus. CALOHA:TS-2218 EMAPA:32654 FMA:24925 MA:0000042 SCTID:370638006 distal segment of hand proper metacarpal part of hand metacarpal part of manus metacarpal region metacarpus forelimb cannon region forelimb equine cannon region metacarpus region A metapodium region that is part of a manus. OBOL:automatic distal segment of hand proper FMA:24925 metacarpal part of hand FMA:24925 metacarpal region FMA:24925 metacarpus MA:0000042 forelimb cannon region NCBITaxon:9788 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 forelimb equine cannon region NCBITaxon:9788 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Mesopodial segment of the pes, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues. CALOHA:TS-2219 EFO:0001409 EMAPA:32783 FMA:9665 GAID:41 MA:0000043 MESH:D000842 SCTID:361292008 Wikipedia:Ankle galen:Ankle ankle ankle region tarsal limb segment articulatio talocruralis hind basipodium hind mesopodium hock tarsal region Mesopodial segment of the pes, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues. Wikipedia:Ankle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ankle MA:0000043 articulatio talocruralis Wikipedia:Ankle hind basipodium MA:th hind mesopodium MA:th hock Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy) An embryo at the neurula stage. BILA:0000061 BTO:0001766 NCIT:C34229 neurula neurula embryo An embryo at the neurula stage. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neurula BTO:0001766 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. FMA:78499 sense organ system entire sense organ system Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 sense organ system FMA:78499 Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18171 FMA:71287 head musculature muscle group of head muscles of head musculi capitis set of muscles of head This class is restricted to skeletal muscles that attach to the cranial skeleton. This seems to be consistent with FMA and EMAPA usage. Note that by definition this excludes invertebrate head musculature. It corresponds to the individual muscle organ term UBERON:0002376 skeletal musculature of head Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic head musculature FMA:71287 muscle group of head FMA:71287 muscles of head FMA:71287 musculi capitis FMA:71287 FMA:TA set of muscles of head FMA:71287 Any collection of muscles that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]. BSA:0000058 BTO:0001863 FMA:86931 WBbt:0005813 body wall musculature body wall muscles musculature of body wall Any collection of muscles that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic body wall musculature FMA:86931 Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition]. FMA:50208 muscle group of thigh musculature of thigh set of muscles of thigh thigh musculature musculature of hindlimb stylopod Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of thigh FMA:50208 musculature of thigh FMA:50208 set of muscles of thigh FMA:50208 thigh musculature FMA:50208 Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000508 FMA:71293 muscle group of thorax muscles of thorax musculi thoracis set of muscles of thorax thoracic musculature musculature of thorax Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of thorax FMA:71293 muscles of thorax FMA:71293 musculi thoracis FMA:71293 FMA:TA set of muscles of thorax FMA:71293 thoracic musculature FMA:71293 Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0000091 EMAPA:36050 FMA:71290 MESH:D009334 cervical muscles muscle group of neck muscles of neck musculi cervicis musculi colli neck musculature set of muscles of neck musculature of neck Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cervical muscles AAO:0000091 muscle group of neck FMA:71290 muscles of neck FMA:71290 musculi cervicis FMA:71290 FMA:TA musculi colli FMA:71290 FMA:TA neck musculature FMA:71290 set of muscles of neck FMA:71290 Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000973 leg muscle system musculature of leg Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic leg muscle system EHDAA2:0000973 The collection of muscles that acts on the pharynx. FMA:264609 TAO:0001307 ZFA:0001307 pharyngeal musculature set of muscles of pharynx See comments for 'pharyngeal muscle' musculature of pharynx The collection of muscles that acts on the pharynx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pharyngeal musculature TAO:0001307 set of muscles of pharynx FMA:264609 FMA:33061 muscle group of vertebral column set of muscles of vertebral column muscle group of vertebral column FMA:33061 Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:71291 muscle group of back muscles of back musculi dorsi set of muscles of back musculature of back Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of back FMA:71291 muscles of back FMA:71291 musculi dorsi FMA:71291 FMA:TA set of muscles of back FMA:71291 Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0000427 EHDAA2:0001429 EMAPA:18184 FMA:50205 FMA:50248 muscle group of pelvic girdle muscle group of pelvis pelvic girdle muscle system pelvic girdle muscles pelvic girdle musculature set of muscles of pelvic girdle muscular system of pelvis set of muscles of pelvis musculature of pelvic girdle Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of pelvic girdle FMA:50205 muscle group of pelvis FMA:50248 pelvic girdle muscle system EHDAA2:0001429 pelvic girdle muscles AAO:0000427 pelvic girdle musculature FMA:50205 set of muscles of pelvic girdle FMA:50205 muscular system of pelvis FMA:50248 set of muscles of pelvis FMA:50248 A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. AAO:0000423 FMA:33519 muscle group of pectoral girdle pectoral girdle muscles pectoral girdle musculature set of muscles of pectoral girdle musculature of pectoral girdle A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle group of pectoral girdle FMA:33519 pectoral girdle muscles AAO:0000423 pectoral girdle musculature FMA:33519 set of muscles of pectoral girdle FMA:33519 Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. FMA:71288 entire facial musculature facial muscles muscle group of face musculi faciei set of facial muscles set of muscles of face musculature of face Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. OBOL:automatic entire facial musculature https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 facial muscles FMA:71288 muscle group of face FMA:71288 musculi faciei FMA:71288 FMA:TA set of facial muscles FMA:71288 set of muscles of face FMA:71288 Any collection of muscles that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000141 arm muscle system arm musculature muscle group of arm set of muscles of arm musculature of arm Any collection of muscles that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic arm muscle system EHDAA2:0000141 arm musculature FMA:50202 muscle group of arm FMA:50202 set of muscles of arm FMA:50202 The collection of muscles that form attachments to the hip skeleton. FMA:50227 hip musculature muscle group of hip set of muscles of hip musculature of hip The collection of muscles that form attachments to the hip skeleton. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hip musculature FMA:50227 muscle group of hip FMA:50227 set of muscles of hip FMA:50227 The collection of muscles that form attachments to the shoulder skeleton. FMA:50220 muscle group of shoulder set of muscles of shoulder musculature of shoulder The collection of muscles that form attachments to the shoulder skeleton. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscle group of shoulder FMA:50220 set of muscles of shoulder FMA:50220 The collection of muscles that are part of the larynx. FMA:264611 FMA:46616 MESH:D007821 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_larynx laryngeal muscles laryngeal muscles set muscle group of larynx set of laryngeal muscles set of muscles of larynx musculature of larynx The collection of muscles that are part of the larynx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 laryngeal muscles FMA:46616 laryngeal muscles set FMA:46616 muscle group of larynx FMA:46616 set of laryngeal muscles FMA:46616 set of muscles of larynx FMA:264611 Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0011572 EFO:0003531 FMA:50187 muscle group of trunk set of muscles of trunk muscular system of trunk musculature of trunk Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of trunk FMA:50187 set of muscles of trunk FMA:50187 muscular system of trunk FMA:50187 Any collection of muscles that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000995 EMAPA:32700 FMA:50188 limb muscle system limb musculature muscle group of limb set of muscles of limb musculature of limb Any collection of muscles that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic limb muscle system EHDAA2:0000995 limb musculature FMA:50188 muscle group of limb FMA:50188 set of muscles of limb FMA:50188 Any collection of muscles that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:50396 free upper limb musculature muscle group of free upper limb musculature of free upper limb set of muscles of free upper limb musculature of upper limb Any collection of muscles that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic free upper limb musculature FMA:50396 muscle group of free upper limb FMA:50396 musculature of free upper limb FMA:50396 set of muscles of free upper limb FMA:50396 Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:50399 free lower limb musculature muscle group of free lower limb musculature of free lower limb set of muscles of free lower limb musculature of lower limb Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic free lower limb musculature FMA:50399 muscle group of free lower limb FMA:50399 musculature of free lower limb FMA:50399 set of muscles of free lower limb FMA:50399 Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:39089 muscle group of forearm musculature of forearm set of muscles of forearm musculature of forelimb zeugopod Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of forearm FMA:39089 musculature of forearm FMA:39089 set of muscles of forearm FMA:39089 Any collection of muscles that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:50214 foot musculature muscle group of foot musculature of foot set of muscles of foot musculature of pes Any collection of muscles that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foot musculature FMA:50214 muscle group of foot FMA:50214 musculature of foot FMA:50214 set of muscles of foot FMA:50214 Any collection of muscles that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:42368 hand musculature muscle group of hand musculature of hand set of muscles of hand musculature of manus Any collection of muscles that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hand musculature FMA:42368 muscle group of hand FMA:42368 musculature of hand FMA:42368 set of muscles of hand FMA:42368 A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:7283 atrial cardiac muscle tissue atrial heart muscle cardiac atrium muscle atrial myocardium cardiac muscle tissue of atrium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic atrial cardiac muscle tissue GO:0055009 atrial heart muscle GO:0055009 cardiac atrium muscle GO:0055009 atrial myocardium GO:0055009 GOC:mtg_heart A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:84083 interatrial septum cardiac muscle tissue interatrial septum heart muscle interatrial septum muscle interatrial septum myocardium cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic interatrial septum cardiac muscle tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 interatrial septum heart muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 interatrial septum muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 interatrial septum myocardium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:226279 cardiac septum cardiac muscle tissue cardiac septum heart muscle cardiac septum muscle cardiac septum myocardium cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac septum cardiac muscle tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardiac septum heart muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardiac septum muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardiac septum myocardium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:261726 MA:0002441 cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:261898 skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:261732 skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid muscle skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid muscle FMA:261732 A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:261938 skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius muscle skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius muscle FMA:261938 A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column. FMA:22594 vertebral column muscle muscle of vertebral column A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vertebral column muscle FMA:22594 A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:45716 striated muscle tissue of prostate A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:87123 muscular organ vasculature vasculature of muscle organ A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscular organ vasculature FMA:87123 A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:239607 vasculature of musculoskeletal system A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. anatomical process process AAO:0010278 FMA:67601 HAO:0000822 NCIT:C61549 TAO:0001834 VSAO:0000180 Wikipedia:Process_(anatomy) XAO:0004020 galen:Ridge processus projection flange flanges lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process of organ processes projection projections ridge ridges shelf shelves anatomical protrusion protrusion spine anatomical projection A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. Wikipedia:Process_(anatomy) https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/39 process VSAO:0000180 processus FMA:67601 FMA:TA flange VSAO:0000180 flanges VSAO:0000180 lamella VSAO:0000180 lamellae VSAO:0000180 lamina VSAO:0000180 laminae VSAO:0000180 processes VSAO:0000180 projection VSAO:0000180 projections VSAO:0000180 ridge VSAO:0000180 ridges VSAO:0000180 shelf VSAO:0000180 shelves VSAO:0000180 Anatomical projection that is composed of bone tissue. FMA:75433 ZFA:0001637 bone process projection of bone bony projections bony projection Anatomical projection that is composed of bone tissue. VSAO:wd bone process FMA:75433 bony projections ZFA:0001637 A testis that is in the right side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:7211 MA:0001747 NCIT:C49326 SCTID:367719007 right testicle right testis A testis that is in the right side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic right testicle MA:0001747 Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. AAO:0011001 BILA:0000016 BTO:0000088 CALOHA:TS-1297 EFO:0000791 EHDAA:394 EMAPA:16104 EV:0100017 FMA:7161 GAID:467 MA:0000010 MAT:0000016 MESH:D002319 MIAA:0000016 NCIT:C12686 SCTID:278198007 TAO:0000010 VHOG:0000302 WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system XAO:0000100 XAO:0001010 ZFA:0000010 CV system Herz und Gefaesssystem cardiovascular system Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BTO:0000088 CV system BTO:0000088 Herz und Gefaesssystem BTO:0000088 A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. FMA:63815 ZFA:0005105 lymphatic trunks and ducts lymphatic vasculature lymphatic vessel network lymphatic vessels set set of lymphatic vessels trunci et ductus lymphatici lymph vessels lymph vasculature A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. ZFA:0005105 lymphatic trunks and ducts FMA:63815 lymphatic vessels set FMA:63815 trunci et ductus lymphatici FMA:63815 FMA:TA lymph vessels ZFA:0005105 A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. TAO:0001079 ZFA:0001079 blood vascular network set of blood vessels blood system blood vessel system blood vessels blood vasculature A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 blood vessels TAO:0001079 A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36589 FMA:7205 MA:0001655 NCIT:C34006 SCTID:362209008 left kidney A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic The layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis. BTO:0005768 CALOHA:TS-2063 EMAPA:30445 FMA:19153 MA:0002825 epididymis epithelium epithelium of epididymis epididymis epithelium The layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis. MGI:csmith MP:0004933 epididymis epithelium FMA:19153 epithelium of epididymis FMA:19153 The thick circular layer of smooth gastric musculature encircling the gastroesophageal junction that functions to reduce backflow into the esophagus from the stomach. EMAPA:18267 FMA:14915 MA:0002951 NCIT:C33009 SCTID:267809009 galen:LowerEsophagealSphincter cardiac sphincter gastroesophageal sphincter gastroesophageal sphincter muscle inferior esophageal sphincter LES cardiac sphincter constrictor cardiae esophageal sphincter esophageal sphincter%2c lower esophageal-cardiac junction esophagogastric junction gastro-esophageal junction gastro-esophageal sphincter gastro-oesophageal junction gastroesophageal junction gastroesophageal sphincter lower esophageal sphincter gastroesophageal sphincter The thick circular layer of smooth gastric musculature encircling the gastroesophageal junction that functions to reduce backflow into the esophagus from the stomach. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010153 cardiac sphincter MA:0002951 MP:0010153 gastroesophageal sphincter FMA:14915 inferior esophageal sphincter FMA:14915 LES Wikipedia:Cardia cardiac sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia constrictor cardiae MP:0010153 esophageal sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia esophageal sphincter%2c lower Wikipedia:Cardia esophageal-cardiac junction Wikipedia:Cardia esophagogastric junction Wikipedia:Cardia gastro-esophageal junction Wikipedia:Cardia gastro-esophageal sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia gastro-oesophageal junction Wikipedia:Cardia gastroesophageal junction Wikipedia:Cardia gastroesophageal sphincter Wikipedia:Cardia lower esophageal sphincter MA:0002951 Wikipedia:Cardia An artery that is part of a digit [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001941 SCTID:181335004 digital artery An artery that is part of a digit [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A digital artery that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001953 SCTID:265791006 digital artery of manus forelimb digital arteries wing digital artery forelimb digital artery A digital artery that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic forelimb digital arteries MA:0001953 wing digital artery NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A digital artery that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:69713 MA:0001964 digital artery of foot hindlimb digital arteries hindlimb digital artery A digital artery that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digital artery of foot FMA:69713 hindlimb digital arteries MA:0001964 The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:45623 Wikipedia:Systemic_circulation#Arteries systemic arterial circulatory system systemic arterial system The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Wikipedia:Systemic_circulation#Arteries http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 systemic arterial circulatory system FMA:45623 The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. BTO:0004690 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA:396 EMAPA:16201 EMAPA:16371 MA:0002719 SCTID:362030008 VHOG:0000273 arterial system The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:66464 Wikipedia:Artery#Systemic_arteries systemic arterial subtree systemic artery An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Wikipedia:Artery#Systemic_arteries http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 systemic arterial subtree FMA:66464 The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]. FMA:45626 Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system systemic venous circulatory system systemic venous system The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system systemic venous circulatory system FMA:45626 The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. BTO:0004692 EHDAA2:0002171 EHDAA:486 EMAPA:16240 MA:0002720 NCIT:C33858 SCTID:362060003 VHOG:0000277 vein system venous system The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. FMA:75004 NCIT:C28381 Wikipedia:Sphincter sphincter circular muscle sphincter muscle A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. Wikipedia:Sphincter The third of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19433 FMA:12521 MA:0001423 NCIT:C32241 SCTID:181823007 C3 vertebra cervical vertebra 3 cervical vertebrae 3 third cervical vertebra third cervical vertebra of axial skeleton mammalian cervical vertebra 3 The third of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:C3_Vertebra C3 vertebra FMA:12521 cervical vertebra 3 MA:0001423 third cervical vertebra FMA:12521 The fourth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19434 FMA:12522 MA:0001424 NCIT:C32242 SCTID:181824001 C4 vertebra cervical vertebra 4 fourth cervical vertebra mammalian cervical vertebra 4 The fourth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:C4_Vertebra C4 vertebra FMA:12522 cervical vertebra 4 MA:0001424 fourth cervical vertebra FMA:12522 The fifth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19435 FMA:12523 MA:0001425 NCIT:C32243 SCTID:181825000 C5 vertebra cervical vertebra 5 fifth cervical vertebra mammalian cervical vertebra 5 The fifth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:C5_Vertebra C5 vertebra FMA:12523 cervical vertebra 5 MA:0001425 fifth cervical vertebra FMA:12523 The sixth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19466 FMA:12524 MA:0001426 NCIT:C32244 SCTID:181826004 C6 vertebra cervical vertebra 6 sixth cervical vertebra mammalian cervical vertebra 6 The sixth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:C6_Vertebra C6 vertebra FMA:12524 cervical vertebra 6 MA:0001426 sixth cervical vertebra FMA:12524 Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This spinous process is thick, nearly horizontal in direction, not bifurcated, but terminating in a tubercle to which the lower end of the ligamentum nuchae is attached. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) has the most prominent spinous process only in about 70% of people; in the remainder, either C6 or T1 (the first thoracic vertebra) will be the most prominent. The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The foramen transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent. On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen. Sometimes the anterior root of the transverse process attains a large size and exists as a separate bone, which is known as a cervical rib. EMAPA:19467 FMA:12525 MA:0001427 NCIT:C32245 SCTID:181827008 Wikipedia:Vertebra_prominens C7 vertebra cervical vertebra 7 prominent vertebra seventh cervical vertebra vertebra prominens (CVII) vertebra prominens [C VII] mammalian cervical vertebra 7 Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This spinous process is thick, nearly horizontal in direction, not bifurcated, but terminating in a tubercle to which the lower end of the ligamentum nuchae is attached. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) has the most prominent spinous process only in about 70% of people; in the remainder, either C6 or T1 (the first thoracic vertebra) will be the most prominent. The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The foramen transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent. On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen. Sometimes the anterior root of the transverse process attains a large size and exists as a separate bone, which is known as a cervical rib. Wikipedia:Vertebra_prominens C7 vertebra FMA:12525 cervical vertebra 7 MA:0001427 prominent vertebra FMA:12525 seventh cervical vertebra FMA:12525 vertebra prominens (CVII) FMA:12525 vertebra prominens [C VII] FMA:12525 FMA:TA The first lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19472 FMA:13072 MA:0001428 NCIT:C32899 SCTID:181841004 L1 vertebra first lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra 1 The first lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:L1_Vertebra L1 vertebra FMA:13072 first lumbar vertebra FMA:13072 The second lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19570 FMA:13073 MA:0001429 NCIT:C32900 SCTID:181842006 L2 vertebra second lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra 2 The second lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:L2_Vertebra L2 vertebra FMA:13073 second lumbar vertebra FMA:13073 The third lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19571 FMA:13074 MA:0001430 NCIT:C32901 SCTID:181843001 L3 vertebra third lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra 3 The third lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:L3_Vertebra L3 vertebra FMA:13074 third lumbar vertebra FMA:13074 The fourth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19572 FMA:13075 MA:0001431 NCIT:C32902 SCTID:181844007 L4 vertebra fourth lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra 4 The fourth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:L4_Vertebra L4 vertebra FMA:13075 fourth lumbar vertebra FMA:13075 The fifth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19573 FMA:13076 MA:0001432 NCIT:C32903 SCTID:181845008 L5 vertebra fifth lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra 5 The fifth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:L5_Vertebra L5 vertebra FMA:13076 fifth lumbar vertebra FMA:13076 The first thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19542 FMA:9165 MA:0001438 NCIT:C33720 SCTID:181828003 T1 vertebra first dorsal vertebra first thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 1 The first thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T1_Vertebra T1 vertebra FMA:9165 first dorsal vertebra FMA:9165 first thoracic vertebra FMA:9165 The second thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19543 FMA:9187 MA:0001439 NCIT:C33724 SCTID:181829006 T2 vertebra second dorsal vertebra second thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 2 The second thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T2_Vertebra T2 vertebra FMA:9187 second dorsal vertebra FMA:9187 second thoracic vertebra FMA:9187 The third thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19544 FMA:9209 MA:0001440 NCIT:C33725 SCTID:181830001 T3 vertebra third dorsal vertebra third thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 3 The third thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T3_Vertebra T3 vertebra FMA:9209 third dorsal vertebra FMA:9209 third thoracic vertebra FMA:9209 The fourth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19545 FMA:9248 MA:0001441 NCIT:C33726 SCTID:181831002 T4 vertebra fourth dorsal vertebra fourth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 4 The fourth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T4_Vertebra T4 vertebra FMA:9248 fourth dorsal vertebra FMA:9248 fourth thoracic vertebra FMA:9248 The fifth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19546 FMA:9922 MA:0001442 NCIT:C33727 SCTID:181832009 T5 vertebra fifth dorsal vertebra fifth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 5 The fifth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T5_Vertebra T5 vertebra FMA:9922 fifth dorsal vertebra FMA:9922 fifth thoracic vertebra FMA:9922 The sixth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19547 FMA:9945 MA:0001443 NCIT:C33728 SCTID:181834005 T6 vertebra sixth dorsal vertebra sixth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 6 The sixth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T6_Vertebra T6 vertebra FMA:9945 sixth dorsal vertebra FMA:9945 sixth thoracic vertebra FMA:9945 The seventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19548 FMA:9968 MA:0001444 NCIT:C33729 SCTID:181835006 T7 vertebra seventh dorsal vertebra seventh thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 7 The seventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T7_Vertebra T7 vertebra FMA:9968 seventh dorsal vertebra FMA:9968 seventh thoracic vertebra FMA:9968 The ninth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19550 FMA:10014 MA:0001446 NCIT:C33731 SCTID:181837003 Ninth dorsal vertebra T9 vertebra ninth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 9 The ninth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T9_Vertebra Ninth dorsal vertebra FMA:10014 T9 vertebra FMA:10014 ninth thoracic vertebra FMA:10014 The tenth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19551 FMA:10037 MA:0001447 NCIT:C33721 SCTID:181838008 T10 vertebra tenth dorsal vertebra tenth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 10 The tenth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T10_Vertebra T10 vertebra FMA:10037 tenth dorsal vertebra FMA:10037 tenth thoracic vertebra FMA:10037 The eleventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19552 FMA:10059 MA:0001448 NCIT:C33722 SCTID:181839000 T11 vertebra eleventh dorsal vertebra eleventh thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 11 The eleventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T11_Vertebra T11 vertebra FMA:10059 eleventh dorsal vertebra FMA:10059 eleventh thoracic vertebra FMA:10059 The twelfth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19553 FMA:10081 MA:0001449 NCIT:C33723 SCTID:181840003 T12 vertebra twelfth dorsal vertebra twelfth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 12 The twelfth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T12_Vertebra T12 vertebra FMA:10081 twelfth dorsal vertebra FMA:10081 twelfth thoracic vertebra FMA:10081 An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart. BTO:0000766 CALOHA:TS-2155 EMAPA:35176 MA:0000709 NCIT:C53395 TAO:0005257 ZFA:0005257 blood vessel endothelium An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. EMAPA:28230 EMAPA:28266 FMA:77042 MA:0002579 SCTID:67498004 TAO:0002139 Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles ZFA:0005307 afferent arteriole afferent glomerular arteriole afferent glomerular arteriole of kidney arteriola glomerularis afferens renis kidney afferent arteriole arteriola glomerularis afferens renal afferent arteriole The blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:csmith MP:0011312 afferent arteriole MA:0002579 afferent glomerular arteriole ZFA:0005307 afferent glomerular arteriole of kidney FMA:77042 arteriola glomerularis afferens renis FMA:77042 FMA:TA kidney afferent arteriole MP:0011312 arteriola glomerularis afferens Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles The connective tissue that surrounds the spleen. EMAPA:35802 FMA:15849 MA:0000753 NCIT:C33598 SCTID:329635002 Malpighian capsule capsula splenica capsule of spleen fibroelastic coat of spleen fibrous capsule of spleen splenic capsule tunica fibrosa (splen)(lien) tunica fibrosa splenica spleen capsule The connective tissue that surrounds the spleen. MGI:cwg MP:0002227 Malpighian capsule FMA:15849 capsula splenica FMA:15849 FMA:TA capsule of spleen FMA:15849 fibroelastic coat of spleen FMA:15849 fibrous capsule of spleen FMA:15849 splenic capsule FMA:15849 tunica fibrosa (splen)(lien) FMA:15849 tunica fibrosa splenica FMA:15849 FMA:TA The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. EMAPA:35499 FMA:14471 MA:0002494 NCIT:C32732 SCTID:362194004 Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver hepatic lobule lobuli hepatici lobulus hepaticus lobules of liver lobuli hepatis liver lobule The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0008987 hepatic lobule FMA:14471 lobuli hepatici lobulus hepaticus FMA:14471 lobules of liver Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver lobuli hepatis Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. FMA:74865 MA:0002787 keratinized epithelium of tongue tongue keratinized epithelium A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic keratinized epithelium of tongue FMA:74865 The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces. EMAPA:25051 FMA:13305 MA:0002807 NCIT:C120671 SCTID:181927007 Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus body of humerus corpus humeri diaphysis of humerus humeral diaphysis shaft of humerus body of the humerus medial humerus shaft of the humerus humerus diaphysis The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces. Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus body of humerus FMA:13305 corpus humeri FMA:13305 FMA:TA diaphysis of humerus FMA:13305 humeral diaphysis FMA:13305 shaft of humerus FMA:13305 body of the humerus Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus medial humerus Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus shaft of the humerus Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta, enclosing the luminal space. EMAPA:35139 FMA:14156 MA:0002901 aortic wall wall of aorta aorta wall An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta, enclosing the luminal space. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 aortic wall FMA:14156 wall of aorta FMA:14156 The outermost layer of the aorta wall, containing connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers. EMAPA:35136 FMA:14283 MA:0002902 SCTID:24996002 tunica adventitia of aorta aorta tunica adventitia The outermost layer of the aorta wall, containing connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0009871 tunica adventitia of aorta FMA:14283 A muscular coat that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:29773 FMA:19404 MA:0002913 muscle layer of seminal vesicle muscular coat of seminal gland muscular layer of seminal gland tunica muscularis (vesicula seminalis) tunica muscularis glandulae vesiculosae muscular coat of seminal vesicle A muscular coat that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle layer of seminal vesicle FMA:19404 muscular coat of seminal gland FMA:19404 muscular layer of seminal gland FMA:19404 tunica muscularis (vesicula seminalis) FMA:19404 tunica muscularis glandulae vesiculosae FMA:19404 FMA:TA The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. membranous septum ventricle membranous septum ventricular membranous septum EHDAA2:0004596 EMAPA:18246 FMA:7135 MA:0002939 SCTID:278228007 VHOG:0000927 cardiac ventricular membranous septum membranous interventricular septum membranous part interventricular septum membranous part of interventricular septum membranous portion of interventricular septum pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) pars membranacea septi interventricularis membranous interventricular septum interventricular septum membranous part The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. MP:0008823 membranous septum GO:0003149 ventricle membranous septum VT:0000018 ventricular membranous septum MP:0008823 cardiac ventricular membranous septum http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 membranous interventricular septum FMA:7135 membranous part interventricular septum VHOG:0000927 membranous part of interventricular septum FMA:7135 membranous portion of interventricular septum FMA:7135 pars membranacea (septi interventricularis) FMA:7135 pars membranacea septi interventricularis FMA:7135 FMA:TA membranous interventricular septum MA:0002939 The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. muscular septum EHDAA2:0000885 EHDAA:2607 EMAPA:18247 FMA:7134 MA:0002940 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000888 cardiac ventricular muscular septum muscular interventricular septum muscular part interventricular septum muscular part of interventricular septum pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) pars muscularis septi interventricularis septum membranaceum ventricular muscular septum muscular interventricular septum interventricular septum muscular part The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum#Portions http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscular septum GO:0003150 cardiac ventricular muscular septum http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscular interventricular septum FMA:7134 muscular part of interventricular septum FMA:7134 pars muscularis (septi interventricularis) FMA:7134 pars muscularis septi interventricularis FMA:7134 FMA:TA septum membranaceum muscular interventricular septum MA:0002940 One of: the 4th ventricle median or lateral apertures. FMA:242766 MA:0002945 aperture of 4th ventricle aperture of fourth ventricle fourth ventricle aperture One of: the 4th ventricle median or lateral apertures. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 aperture of fourth ventricle FMA:242766 The sensory system for the sense of balance. BTO:0003381 FMA:7193 NLXANAT:090819 SCTID:361533001 Wikipedia:Vestibular_system vestibular organ system vestibular system equilibrioception system vestibulomotor system vestibular system The sensory system for the sense of balance. NLXANAT:090819 vestibular organ system FMA:7193 vestibular system NLXANAT:090819 The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. BAMS:RA EMAPA:35721 FMA:84017 MA:0003147 MESH:D011903 NCIT:C97335 NLXANAT:20090205 TAO:0001429 Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei ZFA:0001429 neuronames:2495 nuclei raphes raphe nuclei raphe nuclei set nuclei raphes raphe cluster raphe nucleus raphe of mesenchephalon set of raphe nuclei we treat NR obscurus, NR magnus etc as parts of the raphe nuclei. This is consistent with treatment in FMA, where the class is 'set of raphe nuclei' raphe nuclei The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. NLXANAT:20090205 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3248146&group_id=36855&atid=440764 nuclei raphes FMA:84017 FMA:TA raphe nuclei FMA:84017 NLXANAT:20090205 raphe nuclei set FMA:84017 nuclei raphes Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei raphe cluster Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei raphe nucleus ZFA:0001429 raphe of mesenchephalon BAMS:RA set of raphe nuclei FMA:84017 The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:10636 MA:0001939 SCTID:244225009 Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk costocervical trunk trunk of costocervical artery truncus costocervicalis costo-cervical trunk The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk costocervical trunk FMA:10636 trunk of costocervical artery FMA:10636 truncus costocervicalis Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk An epithelium that is part of an external naris [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18596 MA:0001321 external naris epithelium An epithelium that is part of an external naris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36503 MA:0000704 arterial system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36613 MA:0000715 venous system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000713 NCIT:C49318 vena cava endothelium An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000490 VHOG:0001524 outflow tract endothelium An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35145 MA:0000703 NCIT:C49329 arterial system endothelium An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35907 MA:0000714 NCIT:C49320 venous system endothelium An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35732 MA:0001805 respiratory system blood vessel endothelium A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A depression or hollow in a bone[WP]. fossa AAO:0010439 FMA:45791 TAO:0001743 VSAO:0005069 Wikipedia:Fossa#Anatomy ZFA:0005388 concavities concavity depression depressions fossae groove bone fossa A depression or hollow in a bone[WP]. Wikipedia:Fossa#Anatomy concavities TAO:0001743 concavity TAO:0001743 depression TAO:0001743 depressions TAO:0001743 fossae TAO:0001743 groove TAO:0001743 A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. EHDAA2:0000197 EHDAA:438 EHDAA:768 EMAPA:16333 FMA:70300 NCIT:C34114 SCTID:361525002 Wikipedia:Bulbus_cordis primitive right ventricle endocardium bulbus cordis A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010568 primitive right ventricle endocardium EHDAA2:0000197 A stage that follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages. At the pharyngula stage, all vertebrate embryos show remarkable similarities. DrerDO:0000052 EFO:0001310 OGES:000006 Wikipedia:Pharyngula ZFS:0000050 phylotypic stage pharyngula pharyngula stage A stage that follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages. At the pharyngula stage, all vertebrate embryos show remarkable similarities. Wikipedia:Pharyngula An appendage that is part of an appendage girdle complex. VSAO:0000067 girdle-associated appendage limb or fin limb/fin pectoral or pelvic appendage pelvic/pectoral appendage jointed paired lateral appendage paired appendage paired limb/fin An appendage that is part of an appendage girdle complex. UBERON:cjm https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/9029 girdle-associated appendage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb or fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb/fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pectoral or pelvic appendage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic/pectoral appendage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 jointed paired lateral appendage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 paired appendage VSAO:0000067 Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. posterior appendage VSAO:0000126 hindlimb/pelvic fin pelvic appendage pelvic limb/fin posterior limb/fin posterior paired appendage pelvic appendage Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. VSAO:0000150 hindlimb/pelvic fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic appendage VSAO:0000126 pelvic limb/fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 posterior paired appendage VSAO:0000126 Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. anterior appendage VHOG:0001753 VSAO:0000125 anterior limb/fin anterior paired appendage forelimb - pectoral fin forelimb or pectoral fin forelimb/pectoral fin pectoral limb/fin pectoral appendage Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. VSAO:0000150-modified anterior limb/fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 anterior paired appendage VSAO:0000148 forelimb - pectoral fin VHOG:0001753 forelimb or pectoral fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 forelimb/pectoral fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pectoral limb/fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. BTO:0001744 CALOHA:TS-0497 EMAPA:18638 GAID:536 MA:0002154 MESH:D007601 NCIT:C12738 SCTID:244403000 Wikipedia:Jugular_vein jugular vena jugularis jugular vein The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. Wikipedia:Jugular_vein vena jugularis BTO:0001744 The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised. annulus fibrosus BTO:0003629 EMAPA:32670 FMA:13551 MA:0000111 Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis anulus fibrosus (diskus intervertebralis) anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc fibrous ring of intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised. BTO:0003629 Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis annulus fibrosus MA:0000111 anulus fibrosus (diskus intervertebralis) FMA:13551 anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk FMA:13551 annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc BTO:0003629 fibrous ring of intervertebral disc BTO:0003629 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. AEO:0000194 BTO:0003834 EHDAA2:0000001 EHDAA2:0003235 EMAPA:36040 NCIT:C34131 Wikipedia:Conceptus embryo plus adnexa conceptus The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. BTO:0003834 Wikipedia:Conceptus The branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule. EMAPA:28212 FMA:70498 MA:0002584 NCIT:C32826 SCTID:76147008 Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries interlobular renal artery kidney interlobular artery arteriae corticales radiatae arteriae interlobulares renis cortical radial arteries interlobular renal interlobular artery interlobular artery The branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule. MP:0011316 Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries interlobular renal artery FMA:70498 kidney interlobular artery MP:0011316 arteriae corticales radiatae Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries arteriae interlobulares renis Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries cortical radial arteries Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries interlobular Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries renal interlobular artery FMA:70498 A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). NLX:147842 TAO:0001328 Wikipedia:Neuromere ZFA:0001328 neural tube metameric segment neural tube segment neuromere neuromeres neural metamere neural segment neuromere A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2013.06.004 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/318 neural tube metameric segment http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neuromeres TAO:0001328 Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. neuromere segmental subdivision of nervous system Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. FBbt:00005140 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neuromere FBbt:00005140 An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:61998 hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain segmental subdivision of hindbrain An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hindbrain segment FMA:61998 segment of hindbrain FMA:61998 Organism at the gastrula stage. BILA:0000060 BTO:0001403 FMA:293108 GAID:1302 MESH:D005775 MIAA:0000179 NCIT:C34057 NCIT:C34058 Wikipedia:Gastrula Wikipedia:Trilaminar_blastocyst gastrula embryo blastocystis trilaminaris tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ gastrula Organism at the gastrula stage. Wikipedia:Gastrula Wikipedia:Trilaminar_blastocyst gastrula embryo BILA:0000060 blastocystis trilaminaris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tri-laminar disc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tri-laminar disk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar blastocyst https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar blastoderm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar disc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar disk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trilaminar germ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Glomerulus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. VHOG:0001242 glomerulus of metanephros metanephric glomerulus Glomerulus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. GO:0072224 A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition]. VHOG:0000983 collecting duct of metanephros metanephric collecting tubule metanephric collecting duct A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic metanephric collecting tubule VHOG:0000983 The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment. AAO:0011049 SCTID:360548001 TAO:0001557 VHOG:0001237 XAO:0000318 ZFA:0001557 glomerulus of pronephros glomus corpuscle glomera pronephric glomera pronephric glomeruli pronephric glomus pronephric glomerulus The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099864 GO:0072013 GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 PMID:10572058 PMID:15647339 PMID:9268568 XAO:0000318 glomus XAO:0000318 corpuscle XAO:0000318 glomera XAO:0000318 pronephric glomera VHOG:0001237 pronephric glomeruli VHOG:0001237 pronephric glomus VHOG:0001237 The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]. AAO:0000124 EFO:0003508 TAO:0000191 VHOG:0001022 ZFA:0000191 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif dentaries dentary bone dentale os dentale sur-angulaire dentary The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]. VHOG:0001022 dentaries TAO:0000191 dentary bone ZFA:0000191 dentale AAO:0000124 os dentale AAO:0000124 sur-angulaire AAO:0000124 Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]. AAO:0000781 TAO:0001455 VSAO:0005002 Wikipedia:Scapulocoracoid ZFA:0001455 scapulocoracoideum coraco-scapular cartilage scapulo-coracoid cartilage scapulocoracoid cartilage scapulocoracoid Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0005002 Wikipedia:Scapulocoracoid https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/125 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/66 scapulocoracoideum VSAO:0005002 coraco-scapular cartilage ZFA:0001455 scapulo-coracoid cartilage TAO:0001455 scapulocoracoid cartilage TAO:0001455 A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. MA:0003047 SCTID:309311006 VSAO:0000015 XAO:0004038 ZFA:0005619 Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from skeletal tissue A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000015 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/134 Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. dermal element dermal skeletal element Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/206 dermal element VSAO:curator A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27221 EMAPA:27233 EMAPA:27543 FMA:15720 FMA:15724 NCIT:C32068 SCTID:245448005 Wikipedia:Anal_gland anal gland anal sac gland of anal sac gland of anus rectal gland gland of anal canal A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:Anal_gland anal sac Wikipedia:Anal_gland The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. AAO:0000094 EHDAA:6031 FMA:76621 NCIT:C34121 SCTID:155540009 Wikipedia:Chondrocranium XAO:0003059 cartilaginous chondocranium cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull cartilaginous skull chondocranium embryonic chondocranium neurocranium cartilaginous neurocranium The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. Wikipedia:Chondrocranium chondocranium Wikipedia:Chondrocranium neurocranium Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[VSAO, modified]. EMAPA:35304 MA:0002836 Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification endochondral bone tissue Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[VSAO, modified]. GO:0001958 VSAO:0000145 Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. MA:0002837 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification intramembranous bone tissue Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. GO:0001957 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. AAO:0011129 TAO:0001890 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure skeletal element Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a cranium. SCTID:181792001 cranium bone cranial bone A bone that is part of a cranium. UBERON:automatic cranium bone UBERON:automatic A tooth that is on the vomer. TAO:0001631 vomerine tooth A tooth that is on the vomer. http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Vomerine%20teeth Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. lower jaw bone bone of lower jaw Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses, excluding the metaphyses[FMA,modified]. EMAPA:35504 FMA:24013 GAID:189 MESH:D018483 SCTID:361729006 Wikipedia:Diaphysis body of long bone long bone diaphysis shaft of long bone diaphysis Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses, excluding the metaphyses[FMA,modified]. FMA:24013 Wikipedia:Diaphysis Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. EMAPA:35150 FMA:23878 MA:0003007 SCTID:361827000 VSAO:0000181 joint system set of all joints of body set of all joints set of joints of body articular system Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. VSAO:0000181 joint system FMA:23878 set of all joints of body FMA:23878 set of joints of body FMA:23878 Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx[AAO] The choanae are separated by the vomer[WP]. choana internal naris AAO:0000093 EHDAA2:0000242 EHDAA:7842 EMAPA:17849 FMA:53143 MA:0001323 SCTID:244507001 VHOG:0000545 Wikipedia:Posterior_nasal_apertures XAO:0000277 posterior nasal apperture choanae nasopharyngeal naris posterior choana posterior naris posterior nasal aperture Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx[AAO] The choanae are separated by the vomer[WP]. AAO:0000093 Wikipedia:Posterior_nasal_apertures choana Wikipedia:Choane XAO:0000277 internal naris MA:0001323 posterior nasal apperture XAO:0000277 choanae VHOG:0000545 posterior choana HP:0004496 posterior naris VHOG:0000545 A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001822 apparatus respiratorius submucosa submucosa of apparatus respiratorius submucosa of respiratory system respiratory system submucosa A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic submucosa of respiratory system OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35474 FMA:321584 MA:0002728 SCTID:361941005 submucosa of larynx laryngeal submucosa larynx submucosa A submucosa that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic submucosa of larynx OBOL:automatic laryngeal submucosa EMAPA:35474 A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001821 apparatus respiratorius lamina propria apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius lamina propria of respiratory system respiratory system lamina propria mucosa respiratory system lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lamina propria OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system OBOL:automatic lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic lamina propria of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system. MA:0001899 NCIT:C49299 gastrointestinal system lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system. OBOL:automatic A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35371 FMA:278594 MA:0001633 NCIT:C49228 gall bladder lamina propria gall bladder lamina propria mucosa gallbladder lamina propria mucosa lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder lamina propria of gall bladder lamina propria of gallbladder biliary lamina propria gallbladder lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic gall bladder lamina propria OBOL:automatic gall bladder lamina propria mucosa OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria of gall bladder OBOL:automatic lamina propria of gallbladder OBOL:automatic biliary lamina propria MA:0001633 A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001522 digestive system serosa digestive system serous membrane gastrointestinal system serous membrane serosa of digestive system serosa of gastrointestinal system serous membrane of digestive system serous membrane of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system serosa A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digestive system serosa OBOL:automatic digestive system serous membrane OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of digestive system OBOL:automatic serosa of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic serous membrane of digestive system OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35372 FMA:14659 MA:0001634 SCTID:362197006 gall bladder serosa gall bladder serous membrane gallbladder serous membrane serosa of gall bladder serosa of gallbladder serous coat of gallbladder serous membrane of gall bladder serous membrane of gallbladder tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) tunica serosa vesicae biliaris biliary serosa gallbladder serosa A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic gall bladder serosa OBOL:automatic gallbladder serous membrane OBOL:automatic serosa of gall bladder OBOL:automatic serosa of gallbladder OBOL:automatic serous coat of gallbladder FMA:14659 serous membrane of gall bladder OBOL:automatic serous membrane of gallbladder OBOL:automatic tunica serosa (vesica biliaris) FMA:14659 tunica serosa vesicae biliaris FMA:14659 FMA:TA biliary serosa MA:0001634 An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:13884 MA:0002791 NCIT:C119295 anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle anatomical wall of heart ventricle anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart anatomical wall of ventricle of heart cardiac ventricle anatomical wall cardiac ventricle wall heart ventricle anatomical wall lower chamber of heart anatomical wall lower chamber of heart wall ventricle of heart anatomical wall ventricle of heart wall ventricular wall wall of cardiac ventricle wall of heart ventricle wall of lower chamber of heart wall of ventricle of heart wall of ventricle heart ventricle wall An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic anatomical wall of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle anatomical wall OBOL:automatic cardiac ventricle wall OBOL:automatic heart ventricle anatomical wall OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart anatomical wall OBOL:automatic lower chamber of heart wall OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart anatomical wall OBOL:automatic ventricle of heart wall OBOL:automatic ventricular wall FMA:13884 wall of cardiac ventricle OBOL:automatic wall of heart ventricle OBOL:automatic wall of lower chamber of heart OBOL:automatic wall of ventricle of heart OBOL:automatic wall of ventricle MA:0002791 The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. BTO:0000973 FMA:302092 GAID:304 MA:0001827 MESH:D020545 apparatus respiratorius mucosa apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane mucosa of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of respiratory system mucosa of respiratory system mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane of respiratory system respiratory system mucosa of organ respiratory system mucous membrane laryngeal mucous membrane respiratory mucosa respiratory tract mucosa respiratory system mucosa The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. MESH:A04.760 MGI:cwg MP:0002277 apparatus respiratorius mucosa OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic mucosa of respiratory system OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic respiratory system mucous membrane OBOL:automatic laryngeal mucous membrane EMAPA:18334 respiratory mucosa BTO:0000973 A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. BTO:0000546 BTO:0005568 EMAPA:36591 MA:0001521 SCTID:410433007 digestive tract mucosa gut mucosa gut mucuous membrane mucosa of gut The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468 gastrointestinal system mucosa A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. OBOL:automatic digestive tract mucosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gut mucosa BTO:0000546 gut mucuous membrane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mucosa of gut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001767 mucous gland of larynx larynx mucous gland A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucous gland of larynx OBOL:automatic A mucous gland that is part of the skin. EMAPA:35775 MA:0000148 mucous gland of entire skin mucous gland of skin of body skin mucus gland skin of body mucous gland skin mucous gland A mucous gland that is part of the skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mucous gland of entire skin OBOL:automatic mucous gland of skin of body OBOL:automatic skin mucus gland OBOL:automatic skin of body mucous gland OBOL:automatic The thymic connective tissue which extends into the parenchyma. MA:0002674 NCIT:C33773 thymic trabecula thymus gland trabecula thymus trabeculae trabecula of thymus trabecula of thymus gland thymus trabecula The thymic connective tissue which extends into the parenchyma. ISBN:0-397-51047-0 MGI:cwg MP:0002370 thymic trabecula OBOL:automatic thymus gland trabecula OBOL:automatic thymus trabeculae trabecula of thymus OBOL:automatic trabecula of thymus gland OBOL:automatic A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002517 NCIT:C33255 endocrine pancreas secretion pancreatic endocrine secretion pars endocrina pancreatis secretion secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis secretion of endocrine pancreas A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic endocrine pancreas secretion OBOL:automatic pancreatic endocrine secretion ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion pars endocrina pancreatis secretion OBOL:automatic secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis OBOL:automatic A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002518 NCIT:C33256 exocrine pancreas secretion pancreatic exocrine secretion pars exocrina pancreatis secretion secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis secretion of exocrine pancreas A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic exocrine pancreas secretion OBOL:automatic pancreatic exocrine secretion ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion pars exocrina pancreatis secretion OBOL:automatic secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis OBOL:automatic A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:79662 MA:0002514 NCIT:C52555 esophageal secretion gullet secretion oesophagus secretion secretion of esophagus secretion of gullet secretion of oesophagus esophagus secretion A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophageal secretion FMA:79662 gullet secretion OBOL:automatic oesophagus secretion OBOL:automatic secretion of esophagus OBOL:automatic secretion of gullet OBOL:automatic secretion of oesophagus OBOL:automatic A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002516 NCIT:C13270 pancreatic secretion secretion of pancreas pancreas secretion A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic pancreatic secretion OBOL:automatic secretion of pancreas OBOL:automatic A bodily secretion that is produced by the prostate gland. EMAPA:36545 FMA:66884 MA:0002525 NCIT:C52553 Wikipedia:Prostate#Secretions prostate secretion prostatic fluid secretion of prostate secretion of prostate gland prostate fluid prostate gland secretion A bodily secretion that is produced by the prostate gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 prostate secretion OBOL:automatic prostatic fluid FMA:66884 secretion of prostate OBOL:automatic secretion of prostate gland OBOL:automatic prostate fluid BTO:0001232 Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. EMAPA:36296 MA:0002854 blood vessel layer Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000241 CALOHA:TS-0137 EFO:0001913 EMAPA:29929 MA:0001724 NCIT:C49218 cervical canal epithelial tissue cervical canal epithelium cervical epithelium cervix epithelial tissue epithelium of cervix cervix epithelium An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cervical canal epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic cervical canal epithelium OBOL:automatic cervical epithelium BTO:0000241 cervix epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelium of cervix OBOL:automatic The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. BTO:0000419 CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32827 MA:0001480 SCTID:321764001 epithelial tissue of respiratory tract epithelium of respiratory tract respiratory tract epithelial tissue airway epithelium respiratory epithelium respiratory tract epithelium The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:anna MP:0010942 epithelial tissue of respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of respiratory tract OBOL:automatic respiratory tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic airway epithelium BTO:0000419 respiratory epithelium BTO:0000419 An epithelium that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004039 EMAPA:35674 MA:0001742 epithelial tissue of penis epithelium of penis penis epithelial tissue penis epithelium An epithelium that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of penis OBOL:automatic epithelium of penis OBOL:automatic penis epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002402 CALOHA:TS-1316 EMAPA:29043 MA:0001718 epithelial tissue of oviduct epithelium of fallopian tube epithelium of oviduct epithelium of uterine tube oviduct epithelial tissue columnar epithelium of the fallopian tube columnar epithelium of the oviduct fallopian tube epithelium oviduct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of oviduct OBOL:automatic epithelium of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic epithelium of oviduct OBOL:automatic epithelium of uterine tube FMA:62016 oviduct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic columnar epithelium of the fallopian tube BTO:0002402 columnar epithelium of the oviduct BTO:0002402 fallopian tube epithelium BTO:0002402 An epithelium that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2069 EMAPA:29771 MA:0001745 NCIT:C49295 epithelial tissue of seminal gland epithelial tissue of seminal vesicle epithelium of seminal gland epithelium of seminal vesicle seminal gland epithelial tissue seminal gland epithelium seminal vesicle epithelial tissue seminal vesicle epithelium An epithelium that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of seminal gland OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminal gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic seminal gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic seminal gland epithelium OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:29274 FMA:225317 MA:0001749 NCIT:C49315 deferent duct epithelial tissue deferent duct epithelium ductus deferens epithelial tissue ductus deferens epithelium epithelial tissue of deferent duct epithelial tissue of ductus deferens epithelial tissue of sperm duct epithelial tissue of vas deferen epithelial tissue of vas deferens epithelium of deferent duct epithelium of ductus deferens epithelium of sperm duct epithelium of vas deferen epithelium of vas deferens sperm duct epithelial tissue sperm duct epithelium vas deferen epithelial tissue vas deferen epithelium vas deferens epithelial tissue vas deferens epithelium An epithelium that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic deferent duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic deferent duct epithelium OBOL:automatic ductus deferens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic ductus deferens epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of deferent duct OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of sperm duct OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of vas deferen OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of vas deferens OBOL:automatic epithelium of deferent duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic epithelium of sperm duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of vas deferen OBOL:automatic epithelium of vas deferens OBOL:automatic sperm duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic sperm duct epithelium OBOL:automatic vas deferen epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic vas deferen epithelium OBOL:automatic vas deferens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32826 MA:0001823 apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue respiratory system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic epithelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic epithelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32683 MA:0001520 digestive system epithelial tissue digestive system epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive system epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system epithelium of digestive system epithelium of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue gastrointestinal system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digestive system epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic digestive system epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of digestive system OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic epithelium of digestive system OBOL:automatic epithelium of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a salivary gland [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004421 CALOHA:TS-2067 EMAPA:32816 MA:0001587 epithelial tissue of salivary gland epithelium of salivary gland salivary gland epithelial tissue salivary gland epithelium An epithelium that is part of a salivary gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of salivary gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of salivary gland OBOL:automatic salivary gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic The cellular avascular layer of the renal tubule luminar surfaces. BTO:0005239 EMAPA:36524 MA:0001681 NCIT:C49276 kidney tubule epithelium nephron tubule epithelium The cellular avascular layer of the renal tubule luminar surfaces. MGI:csmith MP:0009640 kidney tubule epithelium MA:0001681 An epithelium that is part of an endometrium [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35307 MA:0002731 SCTID:253526009 endometrium epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of endometrium epithelium of endometrium epithelium of tunica mucosa of endometrium uterine epithelium endometrium epithelium An epithelium that is part of an endometrium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic endometrium epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of endometrium OBOL:automatic epithelium of endometrium OBOL:automatic epithelium of tunica mucosa of endometrium OBOL:automatic uterine epithelium PMID:19829370 An epithelium that is part of a prepuce of penis [Automatically generated definition]. epithelial tissue of prepuce epithelium of prepuce prepuce epithelial tissue prepuce of penis epithelium EMAPA:30655 MA:0001753 NCIT:C49270 epithelial tissue of foreskin epithelial tissue of penile prepuce epithelial tissue of prepuce of penis epithelium of foreskin epithelium of penile prepuce epithelium of prepuce of penis foreskin epithelial tissue foreskin epithelium penile prepuce epithelial tissue penile prepuce epithelium prepuce epithelium prepuce of penis epithelial tissue male prepuce epithelium An epithelium that is part of a prepuce of penis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of prepuce OBOL:automatic epithelium of prepuce OBOL:automatic prepuce epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic prepuce of penis epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of foreskin OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of penile prepuce OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of prepuce of penis OBOL:automatic epithelium of foreskin OBOL:automatic epithelium of penile prepuce OBOL:automatic epithelium of prepuce of penis OBOL:automatic foreskin epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic foreskin epithelium OBOL:automatic penile prepuce epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic penile prepuce epithelium OBOL:automatic prepuce epithelium MA:0001753 prepuce of penis epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic The stratified epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules, consisting of the developing spermatozoa and the supporting Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule. BTO:0001811 CALOHA:TS-0920 EHDAA:8148 EMAPA:35761 FMA:19885 GAID:401 MA:0001748 MESH:D012670 NCIT:C49296 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002009 VHOG:0000631 Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule of testis epithelium of seminiferous tubule epithelium of seminiferous tubule of testis germinal epithelium (male) male germinal epithelium seminiferous epithelium seminiferous tubule epithelial tissue testis germinal epithelium wall of seminiferous tubule seminiferous tubule epithelium The stratified epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules, consisting of the developing spermatozoa and the supporting Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule. MGI:csmith MP:0011750 epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule of testis OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminiferous tubule OBOL:automatic epithelium of seminiferous tubule of testis OBOL:automatic germinal epithelium (male) Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) male germinal epithelium Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) seminiferous epithelium BTO:0001811 seminiferous tubule epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic testis germinal epithelium VHOG:0000631 wall of seminiferous tubule Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male) An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35894 MA:0001912 epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract epithelium of upper respiratory tract upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue upper respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of upper respiratory tract OBOL:automatic upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001481 epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract epithelium of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue lower respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004065 EMAPA:35472 MA:0001765 NCIT:C49247 epithelial tissue of larynx epithelium of larynx laryngeal epithelium larynx epithelial tissue larynx epithelium An epithelium that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of larynx OBOL:automatic epithelium of larynx OBOL:automatic laryngeal epithelium OBOL:automatic larynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lacrimal gland [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36515 MA:0001297 epithelial tissue of lacrimal gland epithelium of lacrimal gland lacrimal gland epithelial tissue lacrimal gland epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lacrimal gland [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lacrimal gland OBOL:automatic epithelium of lacrimal gland OBOL:automatic lacrimal gland epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic The cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces. BTO:0000059 CALOHA:TS-0505 EMAPA:35457 MA:0002846 epithelial tissue of kidney epithelium of kidney kidney epithelial tissue renal epithelium kidney epithelium The cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces. MGI:csmith MP:0004967 epithelial tissue of kidney OBOL:automatic epithelium of kidney OBOL:automatic kidney epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic renal epithelium EMAPA:35457 Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts. BTO:0000417 MA:0001629 NCIT:C43616 biliary duct epithelium epithelium of bile duct epithelium of biliary duct bile duct epithelium Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 biliary duct epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelium of bile duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of biliary duct OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000742 EHDAA:3051 MA:0002661 NCIT:C43618 epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue extrahepatic bile duct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct OBOL:automatic extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000743 EHDAA:3053 MA:0002662 NCIT:C43617 epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue intrahepatic bile duct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct OBOL:automatic epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct OBOL:automatic intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic A medulla that is part of a thyroid [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000132 medulla of thyroid medulla of thyroid follicle medulla of thyroid gland medulla of thyroid gland follicle thyroid follicle medulla thyroid gland follicle medulla thyroid medulla thyroid gland medulla A medulla that is part of a thyroid [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid follicle OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid gland OBOL:automatic medulla of thyroid gland follicle OBOL:automatic thyroid follicle medulla OBOL:automatic thyroid gland follicle medulla OBOL:automatic thyroid medulla OBOL:automatic A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001690 skeletal muscle of urethra skeletal muscle tissue of urethra urethra skeletal muscle tissue urethra skeletal muscle urethral skeletal muscle urethra skeletal muscle tissue A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of urethra OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of urethra OBOL:automatic urethra skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic urethra skeletal muscle MA:0001690 urethral skeletal muscle MA:0001690 A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001829 respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius skeletal muscle of respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system respiratory system skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of respiratory system OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36523 MA:0001572 esophagus skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of esophagus Most muscle tissue lining the digestive tract is smooth, but part of the externa of the esophagus is skeletal esophagus skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic esophagus skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of esophagus OBOL:automatic A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001530 anal part of perineum skeletal muscle anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue anal region skeletal muscle tissue anal triangle skeletal muscle anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum skeletal muscle of anal region skeletal muscle of anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue of anal region skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle anal region skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic anal region skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic anal triangle skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of anal region OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of anal triangle OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of anal region OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle OBOL:automatic A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001578 lip skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle of lip skeletal muscle tissue of lip lip skeletal muscle A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lip skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle of lip OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue of lip OBOL:automatic Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct. MA:0001640 hepatic duct smooth muscle Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001736 epididymis involuntary muscle epididymis non-striated muscle epididymis smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of epididymis non-striated muscle of epididymis smooth muscle of epididymis smooth muscle tissue of epididymis epididymis smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epididymis involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic epididymis non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic epididymis smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of epididymis OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of epididymis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of epididymis OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of epididymis OBOL:automatic An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001801 apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium of respiratory system artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium of respiratory system endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery of respiratory system respiratory system artery endothelium respiratory system endothelium of artery respiratory system arterial endothelium An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery OBOL:automatic arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic arterial endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic artery endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of artery of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system artery endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of artery OBOL:automatic An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001811 apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein of respiratory system respiratory system endothelium of vein respiratory system vein endothelium vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium of respiratory system venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium of respiratory system respiratory system venous endothelium An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of vein of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of vein OBOL:automatic respiratory system vein endothelium OBOL:automatic vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic vein endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic venous endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a lymph node [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35526 MA:0000741 endothelium of lymph node lymph node endothelium An endothelium that is part of a lymph node [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic endothelium of lymph node OBOL:automatic The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. BTO:0000394 CALOHA:TS-0047 EFO:0002597 EMAPA:35134 MA:0000701 NCIT:C49190 adult aorta endothelium endothelium of adult aorta endothelium of aorta endothelium of trunk of aortic tree endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree trunk of aortic tree endothelium trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium aortic endothelium aorta endothelium The thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. MGI:csmith MP:0009864 adult aorta endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of adult aorta OBOL:automatic endothelium of aorta OBOL:automatic endothelium of trunk of aortic tree OBOL:automatic endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree OBOL:automatic trunk of aortic tree endothelium OBOL:automatic trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium OBOL:automatic aortic endothelium BTO:0000394 An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. BTO:0001853 EMAPA:35201 GAID:519 MA:0000717 MESH:D004730 NCIT:C13053 TAO:0002171 VHOG:0001217 XAO:0000356 ZFA:0001639 endothelia vascular endothelia cardiovascular system endothelium An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 endothelia ZFA:0001639 vascular endothelia XAO:0000356 A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001900 digestive system mesentery mesentery of digestive system mesentery of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system mesentery A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digestive system mesentery OBOL:automatic mesentery of digestive system OBOL:automatic mesentery of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue. MA:0002868 connective tissue of skeletal muscle connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue skeletal muscle textus connectivus skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus textus connectivus of skeletal muscle textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue skeletal muscle interstitial tissue skeletal muscle interstitum skeletal muscle connective tissue A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle textus connectivus OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic skeletal muscle interstitial tissue MA:0002868 skeletal muscle interstitum MA:0002868 A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. EMAPA:35334 MA:0000267 eye-associated gland gland of eye Examples: harderian gland, accessory lacrimal gland, gland of Moll, gland of Zeis, nictitating membrane glands eye gland A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 eye-associated gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gland of eye OBOL:automatic A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:6262 MA:0001165 NCIT:C52827 nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system of thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system of thorax sympathetic nerve trunk of thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of thorax thoracic part of sympathetic trunk thoracic sympathetic chain thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system thorax sympathetic nerve trunk thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk thoracic sympathetic trunk thoracic sympathetic nerve trunk A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system of thorax OBOL:automatic nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system of thorax OBOL:automatic sympathetic nerve trunk of thorax OBOL:automatic sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of thorax OBOL:automatic thoracic part of sympathetic trunk FMA:6262 thoracic sympathetic chain FMA:6262 thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system OBOL:automatic thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system OBOL:automatic thorax sympathetic nerve trunk OBOL:automatic thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk OBOL:automatic thoracic sympathetic trunk FMA:6262 A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:76552 MESH:D012171 retina vasculature retina vasculature of camera-type eye retinal blood vessels retinal blood vessels set retinal vasculature set of blood vessels of retina set of retinal blood vessels vasa sanguinea retinae vasculature of retina A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic retina vasculature GO:0061298 retina vasculature of camera-type eye GO:0061298 retinal blood vessels FMA:76552 retinal blood vessels set FMA:76552 retinal vasculature OBOL:automatic set of blood vessels of retina OBOL:automatic set of retinal blood vessels FMA:76552 vasa sanguinea retinae FMA:76552 FMA:TA Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye. AAO:0000343 FMA:84961 SCTID:280541000 Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy) ZFA:0005558 orbit orbital cavity Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 orbit AAO:0000343 A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]. Wikipedia:Parietal_eye parietal eye third eye parietal organ A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]. Wikipedia:Parietal_eye parietal eye Wikipedia:Parietal_eye third eye Wikipedia:Parietal_eye Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]. AAO:0011100 BILA:0000047 FMA:295570 Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers XAO:0000271 outer layer of lateral plate mesoderm parietal mesoderm somatic mesoderm somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers parietal mesoderm ISBN:9780878932504 somatic mesoderm BILA:0000047 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. visceral mesoderm AAO:0011102 BILA:0000044 FMA:295568 Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers XAO:0000276 inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm splanchnic mesoderm splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers visceral mesoderm BILA:0000044 http://www.drugs.com/dict/visceral-mesoderm.html http://www.stedmans.com/ splanchnic mesoderm ISBN:9780878932504 A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. EHDAA2:0001903 EHDAA:383 EMAPA:16181 FMA:295564 NCIT:C34303 VHOG:0000558 Wikipedia:Splanchnopleure ventral splanchnic mesoderm splanchnopleure A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. Wikipedia:Splanchnopleure ventral splanchnic mesoderm Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. EHDAA2:0001847 EHDAA:381 EMAPA:16180 FMA:295566 NCIT:C34301 VHOG:0000557 Wikipedia:Somatopleure somatopleure A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. Wikipedia:Somatopleure A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. FMA:72168 NCIT:C34219 SCTID:361405003 Wikipedia:Nephrogenic_cord chorda nephrogenica part_of or develops_from urogenital ridge? nephrogenic cord A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. Wikipedia:Nephrogenic_cord chorda nephrogenica Wikipedia:Nephrogenic_cord One of of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP]. EHDAA2:0004022 EMAPA:30888 FMA:321919 Wikipedia:Urogenital_folds urethral fold urogenital fold urogenital ridge urogenital fold One of of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP]. MP:0011835 MP:anna Wikipedia:Urogenital_folds urethral fold EMAPA:30888 urogenital fold EHDAA2:0004022 MP:0011835 urogenital ridge MP:0011835 The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord. AAO:0000478 EFO:0003426 TAO:0000091 ZFA:0000091 axial chorda mesoderm chorda mesoderm dorsal mesoderm presumptive notochord chordamesoderm The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 axial chorda mesoderm ZFA:0000091 dorsal mesoderm https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest presumptive notochord ZFA:0000091 The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. EMAPA:32866 lung-associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of lung pulmonary mesenchyme lung mesenchyme The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. GO:0060484 lung-associated mesenchyme GO:0060484 mesenchyme of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary mesenchyme GO:0060484 The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra. EHDAA2:0004061 EMAPA:31509 UGE epithelium of urogenital sinus urogenital sinus epithelium The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra. PMID:18977204 UGE PMID:18977204 epithelium of urogenital sinus OBOL:automatic A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. optic nerve BTO:0000966 EV:0100351 TADS:0000232 optic nerve (generic) for the vertebrate-specific structure, see UBERON:0000941 (cranial nerve II) neuron projection bundle connecting eye with brain A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 optic nerve BTO:0000966 Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. joint articulation Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. ectodermal gut gut ectoderm ectodermal part of digestive tract A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. GO:0007439 gut ectoderm EMAPA:32930 The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. gut FMA:49179 NCIT:C33010 SCTID:279973004 Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract galen:LowerGastrointestinalTract lower GI tract lower gastrointestinal tract lower digestive tract The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract gut GO:0048565 The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. FMA:49177 NCIT:C33837 SCTID:181244000 Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract galen:UpperGastrointestinalTract upper GI tract upper gastrointestinal tract upper digestive tract The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract An epithelium surrounding a gonad. EHDAA:4032 EHDAA:5931 NCIT:C32676 gonad epithelium gonadal epithelium gonadal sheath epithelium of gonad An epithelium surrounding a gonad. OBOL:automatic gonad epithelium OBOL:automatic gonadal epithelium OBOL:automatic gonadal sheath FBbt:00004859 An epithelium surrounding a testis. BTO:0001364 EMAPA:17973 testis epithelium epithelium of male gonad An epithelium surrounding a testis. OBOL:automatic testis epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium surrounding an ovary. BTO:0003661 ovarian epithelium ovary epithelium ovarian sheath epithelium of female gonad An epithelium surrounding an ovary. OBOL:automatic ovarian epithelium OBOL:automatic ovary epithelium OBOL:automatic ovarian sheath FBbt:00004896 EHDAA2:0000171 EMAPA:16561 EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 VHOG:0001351 hepatic diverticulum biliary bud hepatic diverticulum EMAPA:16561 A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. CALOHA:TS-2348 FMA:15076 GAID:283 MESH:D014670 NCIT:C13011 SCTID:362200007 TAO:0005167 Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater ZFA:0005167 galen:AmpullaOfVater Vater's ampulla ampulla biliaropancreatica ampulla of Vater ampulla of bile duct biliaropancreatic ampulla papilla Vateri ampulla Vaterii ampulla hepatopancreatica papilla duodeni major hepatopancreatic ampulla A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater ampulla biliaropancreatica FMA:15076 FMA:TA ampulla of bile duct FMA:15076 papilla Vateri ZFA:0005167 ampulla Vaterii Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater ampulla hepatopancreatica Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater papilla duodeni major ZFA:0005167 One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. EMAPA:18662 FMA:15953 MA:0003107 NCIT:C119578 SCTID:245389007 papilla duodenalis papilla of duodenum papilla duodeni duodenal papilla One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/duodenal+papilla papilla duodeni Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. EMAPA:18663 FMA:15077 GAID:285 MESH:D009803 NCIT:C13065 SCTID:181271000 Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla Oddi's sphincter hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter musculus sphincter ampullae musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica sphincter of Oddi sphincter of ampulla of vater sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter FMA:15077 musculus sphincter ampullae FMA:15077 musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica FMA:15077 FMA:TA sphincter of ampulla of vater FMA:15077 A sphincter muscle that is part of a anal region. EMAPA:36052 anal region sphincter sphincter analia anal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of a anal region. OBOL:automatic A sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra. MA:0002650 SCTID:277855007 SCTID:277857004 Wikipedia:Urethral_sphincter sphincter muscle of urethra sphincter of urethra sphincter urethrae urethral sphincter muscle urethral sphincter A sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra. Wikipedia:Urethral_sphincter A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. FMA:71131 alimentary system subdivision gut section intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system subdivision of digestive tract A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 alimentary system subdivision FMA:71131 gut section FBbt:00100315 subdivision of alimentary system FMA:71131 A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 organ component layer A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. BTO:0002113 FMA:75144 SCTID:19594009 pharyngeal submucosa pharynx submucosa tela submucosa pharyngea tela submucosa pharyngis pharyngobasilar fascia submucous coat of pharynx submucous layer of pharynx submucosa of pharynx The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. BTO:0002113 pharyngeal submucosa FMA:75144 pharynx submucosa OBOL:automatic tela submucosa pharyngea FMA:75144 FMA:TA tela submucosa pharyngis BTO:0002113 submucous coat of pharynx BTO:0002113 submucous layer of pharynx BTO:0002113 A submucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:55072 SCTID:47496006 hypopharynx submucosa laryngeal pharynx submucosa laryngopharynx submucosa submucosa of hypopharynx submucosa of laryngeal pharynx tela submucosa (pars laryngea pharyngis) submucosa of laryngopharynx A submucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hypopharynx submucosa OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx submucosa OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic submucosa of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic tela submucosa (pars laryngea pharyngis) FMA:55072 A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18013 cystic duct submucosa cystic ductal submucosa submucosa of cystic duct A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cystic duct submucosa OBOL:automatic cystic ductal submucosa FMA:18013 A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14999 caecum submucosa cecum submucosa intestinum crassum caecum submucosa submucosa of caecum submucosa of intestinum crassum caecum submucosa of cecum A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic caecum submucosa OBOL:automatic cecum submucosa OBOL:automatic intestinum crassum caecum submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of caecum OBOL:automatic submucosa of intestinum crassum caecum OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14992 SCTID:86833001 appendiceal submucosa appendix submucosa caecal appendix submucosa submucosa of caecal appendix submucosa of vermiform appendix submucosa of vermix vermiform appendix submucosa vermix submucosa submucosa of appendix A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic appendiceal submucosa FMA:14992 appendix submucosa OBOL:automatic caecal appendix submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic submucosa of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic submucosa of vermix OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix submucosa OBOL:automatic vermix submucosa OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15006 ascending colon submucosa submucosa of ascending colon A submucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic ascending colon submucosa OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15013 transverse colon submucosa submucosa of transverse colon A submucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic transverse colon submucosa OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15020 descending colon submucosa submucosa of descending colon A submucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic descending colon submucosa OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15027 sigmoid colon submucosa submucosa of sigmoid colon A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon submucosa OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17059 body of stomach submucosa corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa gastric body submucosa stomach body submucosa submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa of gastric body submucosa of stomach body submucosa of body of stomach A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic body of stomach submucosa OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa OBOL:automatic gastric body submucosa OBOL:automatic stomach body submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic submucosa of gastric body OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach body OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17457 cardia of stomach submucosa cardial part of stomach submucosa gastric cardia submucosa pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa stomach cardiac region submucosa submucosa of cardial part of stomach submucosa of gastric cardia submucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa of stomach cardiac region submucosa of cardia of stomach A submucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach submucosa OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach submucosa OBOL:automatic gastric cardia submucosa OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic submucosa of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic submucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17060 antrum of stomach submucosa pyloric antrum submucosa stomach pyloric antrum submucosa submucosa of antrum of stomach submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum submucosa of pyloric antrum A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach submucosa OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum submucosa OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:27201 FMA:17462 pyloric part of stomach submucosa pyloric submucosa pylorus submucosa stomach pyloric region submucosa submucosa of pyloric part of stomach submucosa of stomach pyloric region submucosa of pylorus A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach submucosa OBOL:automatic pylorus submucosa FMA:17462 OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic submucosa of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18009 biliary tract submucosa biliary tree submucosa submucosa of biliary tract submucosa of biliary tree A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic biliary tract submucosa OBOL:automatic biliary tree submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of biliary tract OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18011 common bile duct submucosa common bile ductal submucosa ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa of common bile duct A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic common bile duct submucosa OBOL:automatic common bile ductal submucosa FMA:18011 ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18014 common hepatic duct submucosa common hepatic ductal submucosa hepatic duct submucosa submucosa of hepatic duct submucosa of common hepatic duct A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct submucosa OBOL:automatic common hepatic ductal submucosa FMA:18014 hepatic duct submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18015 right hepatic duct submucosa right hepatic ductal submucosa submucosa of right hepatic duct A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct submucosa OBOL:automatic right hepatic ductal submucosa FMA:18015 A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18017 left hepatic duct submucosa left hepatic ductal submucosa submucosa of left hepatic duct A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct submucosa OBOL:automatic left hepatic ductal submucosa FMA:18017 The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder. BTO:0002117 EMAPA:32275 FMA:15929 SCTID:88384001 bladder submucosa submucosa of bladder tela submucosa (vesica urinaria) tela submucosa vesicae tela submucosa vesicae urinariae urinary bladder submucosa submucous layer of urinary bladder submucosa of urinary bladder The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder. BTO:0002117 bladder submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of bladder OBOL:automatic tela submucosa (vesica urinaria) FMA:15929 FMA:TA tela submucosa vesicae FMA:15929 FMA:TA tela submucosa vesicae urinariae BTO:0002117 urinary bladder submucosa OBOL:automatic submucous layer of urinary bladder BTO:0002117 A submucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32276 FMA:17851 bladder neck submucosa neck of bladder submucosa neck of urinary bladder submucosa submucosa of bladder neck submucosa of neck of bladder submucosa of urinary bladder neck submucosa of vesical neck urinary bladder neck submucosa vesical neck submucosa submucosa of neck of urinary bladder A submucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bladder neck submucosa OBOL:automatic neck of bladder submucosa OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of bladder neck OBOL:automatic submucosa of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic submucosa of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic submucosa of vesical neck OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck submucosa OBOL:automatic vesical neck submucosa OBOL:automatic A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14957 SCTID:65374006 ileal submucosa ileum submucosa submucosa of ileum A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic ileal submucosa FMA:14957 ileum submucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15894 SCTID:40476001 galen:MucousMembraneOfUreter mucosa of organ of ureter mucosal layer of ureter mucous membrane of ureter organ mucosa of ureter tunica mucosa (ureter) tunica mucosa ureteris ureter mucosa ureter mucosa of organ ureter mucous membrane ureter organ mucosa ureteral mucosa ureteric mucosa mucosa of ureter A mucosa that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ureter OBOL:automatic mucosal layer of ureter FMA:15894 mucous membrane of ureter OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ureter OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa (ureter) FMA:15894 tunica mucosa ureteris FMA:15894 FMA:TA ureter mucosa OBOL:automatic ureter mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ureter mucous membrane OBOL:automatic ureter organ mucosa OBOL:automatic ureteral mucosa FMA:15894 ureteric mucosa FMA:15894 A mucosa that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0005676 FMA:19975 SCTID:362245006 mucosa of organ of vagina mucous membrane of vagina organ mucosa of vagina tunica mucosa vaginae vagina mucosa vagina mucosa of organ vagina mucous membrane vagina organ mucosa vaginal mucosa mucosa of vagina A mucosa that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vagina OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vagina OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vagina OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa vaginae FMA:19975 FMA:TA vagina mucosa OBOL:automatic vagina mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vagina mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vagina organ mucosa OBOL:automatic vaginal mucosa FMA:19975 A mucosa that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:19405 SCTID:252260007 mucosa of organ of seminal gland mucosa of organ of seminal vesicle mucosa of seminal gland mucous membrane of seminal gland mucous membrane of seminal vesicle organ mucosa of seminal gland organ mucosa of seminal vesicle seminal gland mucosa seminal gland mucosa of organ seminal gland mucous membrane seminal gland organ mucosa seminal vesicle mucosa seminal vesicle mucosa of organ seminal vesicle mucous membrane seminal vesicle organ mucosa tunica mucosa glandulae vesiculosae mucosa of seminal vesicle A mucosa that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of seminal gland OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic mucosa of seminal gland OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of seminal gland OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of seminal gland OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of seminal vesicle OBOL:automatic seminal gland mucosa OBOL:automatic seminal gland mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic seminal gland mucous membrane OBOL:automatic seminal gland organ mucosa OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle mucosa OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle mucous membrane OBOL:automatic seminal vesicle organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa glandulae vesiculosae FMA:19405 FMA:TA A mucosa that is part of a ejaculatory duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:19373 ejaculatory duct mucosa ejaculatory duct mucosa of organ ejaculatory duct mucous membrane ejaculatory duct organ mucosa ejaculatory ductal mucosa mucosa of organ of ejaculatory duct mucous membrane of ejaculatory duct organ mucosa of ejaculatory duct mucosa of ejaculatory duct A mucosa that is part of a ejaculatory duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct mucosa OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic ejaculatory duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic ejaculatory ductal mucosa FMA:19373 mucosa of organ of ejaculatory duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ejaculatory duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ejaculatory duct OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:19240 SCTID:299626000 deferent duct mucosa deferent duct mucosa of organ deferent duct mucous membrane deferent duct organ mucosa deferent ductal mucosa ductus deferens mucosa ductus deferens mucosa of organ ductus deferens mucous membrane ductus deferens organ mucosa mucosa of ductus deferens mucosa of organ of deferent duct mucosa of organ of ductus deferens mucosa of organ of sperm duct mucosa of organ of vas deferen mucosa of organ of vas deferens mucosa of sperm duct mucosa of vas deferen mucosa of vas deferens mucous membrane of deferent duct mucous membrane of ductus deferens mucous membrane of sperm duct mucous membrane of vas deferen mucous membrane of vas deferens organ mucosa of deferent duct organ mucosa of ductus deferens organ mucosa of sperm duct organ mucosa of vas deferen organ mucosa of vas deferens sperm duct mucosa sperm duct mucosa of organ sperm duct mucous membrane sperm duct organ mucosa tunica mucosa (ductus deferens) tunica mucosa ductus deferentis vas deferen mucosa vas deferen mucosa of organ vas deferen mucous membrane vas deferen organ mucosa vas deferens mucosa vas deferens mucosa of organ vas deferens mucous membrane vas deferens organ mucosa mucosa of deferent duct A mucosa that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic deferent duct mucosa OBOL:automatic deferent duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic deferent duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic deferent duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic deferent ductal mucosa FMA:19240 ductus deferens mucosa OBOL:automatic ductus deferens mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ductus deferens mucous membrane OBOL:automatic ductus deferens organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of deferent duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of sperm duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vas deferen OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vas deferens OBOL:automatic mucosa of sperm duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of vas deferen OBOL:automatic mucosa of vas deferens OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of deferent duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of sperm duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vas deferen OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vas deferens OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of deferent duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ductus deferens OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of sperm duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vas deferen OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vas deferens OBOL:automatic sperm duct mucosa OBOL:automatic sperm duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic sperm duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic sperm duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa (ductus deferens) FMA:19240 tunica mucosa ductus deferentis FMA:19240 FMA:TA vas deferen mucosa OBOL:automatic vas deferen mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vas deferen mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vas deferen organ mucosa OBOL:automatic vas deferens mucosa OBOL:automatic vas deferens mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vas deferens mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vas deferens organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:55030 SCTID:362126008 hypopharynx mucosa hypopharynx mucosa of organ hypopharynx mucous membrane hypopharynx organ mucosa laryngeal pharynx mucosa laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ laryngeal pharynx mucous membrane laryngeal pharynx organ mucosa laryngopharynx mucosa laryngopharynx mucosa of organ laryngopharynx mucous membrane laryngopharynx organ mucosa mucosa of hypopharynx mucosa of laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ of hypopharynx mucosa of organ of laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ of laryngopharynx mucous membrane of hypopharynx mucous membrane of laryngeal pharynx mucous membrane of laryngopharynx organ mucosa of hypopharynx organ mucosa of laryngeal pharynx organ mucosa of laryngopharynx mucosa of laryngopharynx A mucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hypopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic hypopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic hypopharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic hypopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic laryngeal pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of laryngopharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of laryngopharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of hypopharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of laryngeal pharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of laryngopharynx OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14690 cystic duct mucosa cystic duct mucosa of organ cystic duct mucous membrane cystic duct organ mucosa cystic ductal mucosa mucosa of organ of cystic duct mucous membrane of cystic duct organ mucosa of cystic duct mucosa of cystic duct A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cystic duct mucosa OBOL:automatic cystic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic cystic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic cystic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic cystic ductal mucosa FMA:14690 mucosa of organ of cystic duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cystic duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cystic duct OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-2022 FMA:14991 SCTID:362155000 appendiceal mucous membrane appendix mucosa appendix mucosa of organ appendix mucous membrane appendix organ mucosa caecal appendix mucosa caecal appendix mucosa of organ caecal appendix mucous membrane caecal appendix organ mucosa mucosa of caecal appendix mucosa of organ of appendix mucosa of organ of caecal appendix mucosa of organ of vermiform appendix mucosa of organ of vermix mucosa of vermiform appendix mucosa of vermix mucous membrane of appendix mucous membrane of caecal appendix mucous membrane of vermiform appendix mucous membrane of vermix organ mucosa of appendix organ mucosa of caecal appendix organ mucosa of vermiform appendix organ mucosa of vermix vermiform appendix mucosa vermiform appendix mucosa of organ vermiform appendix mucous membrane vermiform appendix organ mucosa vermix mucosa vermix mucosa of organ vermix mucous membrane vermix organ mucosa mucosa of appendix A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic appendiceal mucous membrane FMA:14991 appendix mucosa OBOL:automatic appendix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic appendix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic appendix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic caecal appendix mucosa OBOL:automatic caecal appendix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic caecal appendix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic caecal appendix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of appendix OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vermix OBOL:automatic mucosa of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic mucosa of vermix OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of appendix OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vermix OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of appendix OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of caecal appendix OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vermix OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix mucosa OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vermiform appendix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic vermix mucosa OBOL:automatic vermix mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vermix mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vermix organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15005 ascending colon mucosa ascending colon mucosa of organ ascending colon mucous membrane ascending colon organ mucosa mucosa of organ of ascending colon mucous membrane of ascending colon organ mucosa of ascending colon mucosa of ascending colon A mucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic ascending colon mucosa OBOL:automatic ascending colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ascending colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic ascending colon organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ascending colon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ascending colon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ascending colon OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15012 mucosa of organ of transverse colon mucous membrane of transverse colon organ mucosa of transverse colon transverse colon mucosa transverse colon mucosa of organ transverse colon mucous membrane transverse colon organ mucosa mucosa of transverse colon A mucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of transverse colon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of transverse colon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of transverse colon OBOL:automatic transverse colon mucosa OBOL:automatic transverse colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic transverse colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic transverse colon organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15019 descending colon mucosa descending colon mucosa of organ descending colon mucous membrane descending colon organ mucosa mucosa of organ of descending colon mucous membrane of descending colon organ mucosa of descending colon mucosa of descending colon A mucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic descending colon mucosa OBOL:automatic descending colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic descending colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic descending colon organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of descending colon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of descending colon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of descending colon OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:15026 mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon mucous membrane of sigmoid colon organ mucosa of sigmoid colon sigmoid colon mucosa sigmoid colon mucosa of organ sigmoid colon mucous membrane sigmoid colon organ mucosa mucosa of sigmoid colon A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of sigmoid colon OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of sigmoid colon OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon mucosa OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon mucous membrane OBOL:automatic sigmoid colon organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17054 body of stomach mucosa body of stomach mucosa of organ body of stomach mucous membrane body of stomach organ mucosa corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa gastric body mucosa gastric body mucosa of organ gastric body mucous membrane gastric body organ mucosa mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of gastric body mucosa of organ of body of stomach mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ of gastric body mucosa of organ of stomach body mucosa of stomach body mucous membrane of body of stomach mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane of gastric body mucous membrane of stomach body organ mucosa of body of stomach organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa of gastric body organ mucosa of stomach body stomach body mucosa stomach body mucosa of organ stomach body mucous membrane stomach body organ mucosa mucosa of body of stomach A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic body of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic body of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic body of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic body of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gastric body mucosa OBOL:automatic gastric body mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gastric body mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gastric body organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic mucosa of gastric body OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of body of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gastric body OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach body OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach body OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of body of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gastric body OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach body OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of body of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gastric body OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach body OBOL:automatic stomach body mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach body mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach body mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach body organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17456 cardia of stomach mucosa cardia of stomach mucosa of organ cardia of stomach mucous membrane cardia of stomach organ mucosa cardial part of stomach mucosa cardial part of stomach mucosa of organ cardial part of stomach mucous membrane cardial part of stomach organ mucosa gastric cardia mucosa gastric cardia mucosa of organ gastric cardia mucous membrane gastric cardia organ mucosa mucosa of cardial part of stomach mucosa of gastric cardia mucosa of organ of cardia of stomach mucosa of organ of cardial part of stomach mucosa of organ of gastric cardia mucosa of organ of pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of organ of stomach cardiac region mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of stomach cardiac region mucous membrane of cardia of stomach mucous membrane of cardial part of stomach mucous membrane of gastric cardia mucous membrane of pars cardiaca (gaster) mucous membrane of stomach cardiac region organ mucosa of cardia of stomach organ mucosa of cardial part of stomach organ mucosa of gastric cardia organ mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) organ mucosa of stomach cardiac region pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of organ pars cardiaca (gaster) mucous membrane pars cardiaca (gaster) organ mucosa stomach cardiac region mucosa stomach cardiac region mucosa of organ stomach cardiac region mucous membrane stomach cardiac region organ mucosa mucosa of cardia of stomach A mucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic cardia of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic cardial part of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gastric cardia mucosa OBOL:automatic gastric cardia mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gastric cardia mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gastric cardia organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cardia of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cardia of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cardia of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of cardial part of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gastric cardia OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach cardiac region OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pars cardiaca (gaster) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach cardiac region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004107 FMA:17055 antral mucosa antrum of stomach mucosa antrum of stomach mucosa of organ antrum of stomach mucous membrane antrum of stomach organ mucosa mucosa of antrum of stomach mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane of antrum of stomach mucous membrane of pyloric antrum mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa of antrum of stomach organ mucosa of pyloric antrum organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum pyloric antrum mucosa pyloric antrum mucosa of organ pyloric antrum mucous membrane pyloric antrum organ mucosa stomach pyloric antrum mucosa stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa gastric antrum mucosa mucosa of pyloric antrum A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic antral mucosa BTO:0004107 antrum of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic antrum of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of antrum of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum mucosa OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pyloric antrum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gastric antrum mucosa BTO:0004107 A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004110 EMAPA:27199 FMA:17461 mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ of pylorus mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region mucosa of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of stomach pyloric region mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane of pylorus mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa of pylorus organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region pyloric part of stomach mucosa pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa pylorus mucosa pylorus mucosa of organ pylorus mucous membrane pylorus organ mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ stomach pyloric region mucous membrane stomach pyloric region organ mucosa antropyloric mucosa mucosa of pylorus A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pylorus OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic mucosa of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucosa of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pylorus OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pylorus OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach mucosa OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa OBOL:automatic pylorus mucosa OBOL:automatic pylorus mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pylorus mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pylorus organ mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region mucosa OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic stomach pyloric region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic antropyloric mucosa BTO:0002984 A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14695 biliary tract mucosa biliary tract mucosa of organ biliary tract mucous membrane biliary tract organ mucosa biliary tree mucosa biliary tree mucosa of organ biliary tree mucous membrane biliary tree organ mucosa mucosa of biliary tract mucosa of organ of biliary tract mucosa of organ of biliary tree mucous membrane of biliary tract mucous membrane of biliary tree organ mucosa of biliary tract organ mucosa of biliary tree mucosa of biliary tree A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic biliary tract mucosa OBOL:automatic biliary tract mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic biliary tract mucous membrane OBOL:automatic biliary tract organ mucosa OBOL:automatic biliary tree mucosa OBOL:automatic biliary tree mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic biliary tree mucous membrane OBOL:automatic biliary tree organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of biliary tract OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of biliary tract OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of biliary tree OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of biliary tract OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of biliary tree OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of biliary tract OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of biliary tree OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14688 common bile duct mucosa common bile duct mucosa of organ common bile duct mucous membrane common bile duct organ mucosa common bile ductal mucosa ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ of common bile duct mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane of common bile duct mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa of common bile duct organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of common bile duct A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic common bile duct mucosa OBOL:automatic common bile duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic common bile duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic common bile duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic common bile ductal mucosa FMA:14688 ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane OBOL:automatic ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of common bile duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of common bile duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of common bile duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris) OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14691 common hepatic duct mucosa common hepatic duct mucosa of organ common hepatic duct mucous membrane common hepatic duct organ mucosa common hepatic ductal mucosa hepatic duct mucosa hepatic duct mucosa of organ hepatic duct mucous membrane hepatic duct organ mucosa mucosa of hepatic duct mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct mucosa of organ of hepatic duct mucous membrane of common hepatic duct mucous membrane of hepatic duct organ mucosa of common hepatic duct organ mucosa of hepatic duct mucosa of common hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct mucosa OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic common hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic common hepatic ductal mucosa FMA:14691 hepatic duct mucosa OBOL:automatic hepatic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of common hepatic duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of common hepatic duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of hepatic duct OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14692 mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct mucous membrane of right hepatic duct organ mucosa of right hepatic duct right hepatic duct mucosa right hepatic duct mucosa of organ right hepatic duct mucous membrane right hepatic duct organ mucosa right hepatic ductal mucosa mucosa of right hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right hepatic duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right hepatic duct OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct mucosa OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic right hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic right hepatic ductal mucosa FMA:14692 A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14693 left hepatic duct mucosa left hepatic duct mucosa of organ left hepatic duct mucous membrane left hepatic duct organ mucosa left hepatic ductal mucosa mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct mucous membrane of left hepatic duct organ mucosa of left hepatic duct mucosa of left hepatic duct A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct mucosa OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic left hepatic duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic left hepatic ductal mucosa FMA:14693 mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of left hepatic duct OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of left hepatic duct OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a right ureter [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17806 mucosa of organ of right ureter mucous membrane of right ureter organ mucosa of right ureter right ureter mucosa right ureter mucosa of organ right ureter mucous membrane right ureter organ mucosa right ureteral mucosa mucosa of right ureter A mucosa that is part of a right ureter [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of right ureter OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of right ureter OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of right ureter OBOL:automatic right ureter mucosa OBOL:automatic right ureter mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic right ureter mucous membrane OBOL:automatic right ureter organ mucosa OBOL:automatic right ureteral mucosa FMA:17806 A mucosa that is part of a renal pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17931 SCTID:243482002 kidney pelvis mucosa kidney pelvis mucosa of organ kidney pelvis mucous membrane kidney pelvis organ mucosa mucosa of kidney pelvis mucosa of organ of kidney pelvis mucosa of organ of pelvis of ureter mucosa of organ of renal pelvis mucosa of pelvis of ureter mucous membrane of kidney pelvis mucous membrane of pelvis of ureter mucous membrane of renal pelvis organ mucosa of kidney pelvis organ mucosa of pelvis of ureter organ mucosa of renal pelvis pelvis of ureter mucosa pelvis of ureter mucosa of organ pelvis of ureter mucous membrane pelvis of ureter organ mucosa renal pelvic mucosa renal pelvis mucosa renal pelvis mucosa of organ renal pelvis mucous membrane renal pelvis organ mucosa tunica mucosa pelvis renalis mucosa of renal pelvis A mucosa that is part of a renal pelvis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis mucosa OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis mucous membrane OBOL:automatic kidney pelvis organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic mucosa of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of kidney pelvis OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pelvis of ureter OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of renal pelvis OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter mucosa OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pelvis of ureter organ mucosa OBOL:automatic renal pelvic mucosa FMA:17931 renal pelvis mucosa OBOL:automatic renal pelvis mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic renal pelvis mucous membrane OBOL:automatic renal pelvis organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa pelvis renalis FMA:17931 FMA:TA A mucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:17846 bladder neck mucosa bladder neck mucosa of organ bladder neck mucous membrane bladder neck organ mucosa mucosa of bladder neck mucosa of neck of bladder mucosa of organ of bladder neck mucosa of organ of neck of bladder mucosa of organ of neck of urinary bladder mucosa of organ of urinary bladder neck mucosa of organ of vesical neck mucosa of urinary bladder neck mucosa of vesical neck mucous membrane of bladder neck mucous membrane of neck of bladder mucous membrane of neck of urinary bladder mucous membrane of urinary bladder neck mucous membrane of vesical neck neck of bladder mucosa neck of bladder mucosa of organ neck of bladder mucous membrane neck of bladder organ mucosa neck of urinary bladder mucosa neck of urinary bladder mucosa of organ neck of urinary bladder mucous membrane neck of urinary bladder organ mucosa organ mucosa of bladder neck organ mucosa of neck of bladder organ mucosa of neck of urinary bladder organ mucosa of urinary bladder neck organ mucosa of vesical neck urinary bladder neck mucosa urinary bladder neck mucosa of organ urinary bladder neck mucous membrane vesical neck mucosa vesical neck mucosa of organ vesical neck mucous membrane vesical neck organ mucosa mucosa of neck of urinary bladder A mucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bladder neck mucosa OBOL:automatic bladder neck mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic bladder neck mucous membrane OBOL:automatic bladder neck organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of vesical neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucosa of vesical neck OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of vesical neck OBOL:automatic neck of bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic neck of bladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic neck of bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic neck of bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic neck of urinary bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of bladder neck OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of neck of bladder OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of neck of urinary bladder OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of urinary bladder neck OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of vesical neck OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck mucosa OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic urinary bladder neck mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vesical neck mucosa OBOL:automatic vesical neck mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic vesical neck mucous membrane OBOL:automatic vesical neck organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a male urethra [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:239937 male urethra mucosa male urethra mucosa of organ male urethra mucous membrane male urethra organ mucosa mucosa of organ of male urethra mucous membrane of male urethra organ mucosa of male urethra mucosa of male urethra A mucosa that is part of a male urethra [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic male urethra mucosa OBOL:automatic male urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic male urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic male urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of male urethra OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of male urethra OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of male urethra OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a female urethra [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:239940 female urethra mucosa female urethra mucosa of organ female urethra mucous membrane female urethra organ mucosa mucosa of organ of female urethra mucous membrane of female urethra organ mucosa of female urethra mucosa of female urethra A mucosa that is part of a female urethra [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic female urethra mucosa OBOL:automatic female urethra mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic female urethra mucous membrane OBOL:automatic female urethra organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of female urethra OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of female urethra OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of female urethra OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal sac [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:72061 lacrimal sac mucosa lacrimal sac mucosa of organ lacrimal sac mucous membrane lacrimal sac organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lacrimal sac mucous membrane of lacrimal sac organ mucosa of lacrimal sac mucosa of lacrimal sac A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal sac [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac mucosa OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lacrimal sac organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lacrimal sac OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lacrimal sac OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lacrimal sac OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36028 FMA:60113 mucosa of organ of nasal septum mucous membrane of nasal septum nasal septum mucosa nasal septum mucosa of organ nasal septum mucous membrane nasal septum organ mucosa organ mucosa of nasal septum mucosa of nasal septum A mucosa that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasal septum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasal septum OBOL:automatic nasal septum mucosa OBOL:automatic nasal septum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic nasal septum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic nasal septum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of nasal septum OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a palate [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59765 mucosa of oral roof mucosa of organ of oral roof mucosa of organ of palate mucosa of organ of roof of mouth mucosa of roof of mouth mucous membrane of oral roof mucous membrane of palate mucous membrane of roof of mouth oral roof mucosa oral roof mucosa of organ oral roof mucous membrane oral roof organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral roof organ mucosa of palate organ mucosa of roof of mouth palate mucosa palate mucosa of organ palate mucous membrane palate organ mucosa roof of mouth mucosa roof of mouth mucosa of organ roof of mouth mucous membrane roof of mouth organ mucosa mucosa of palate A mucosa that is part of a palate [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral roof OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral roof OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of palate OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic mucosa of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral roof OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of palate OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic oral roof mucosa OBOL:automatic oral roof mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral roof mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral roof organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral roof OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of palate OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic palate mucosa OBOL:automatic palate mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic palate mucous membrane OBOL:automatic palate organ mucosa OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucous membrane OBOL:automatic roof of mouth organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0002553 FMA:54807 SCTID:362092002 lingual mucosa mucosa of organ of tongue mucous membrane of tongue organ mucosa of tongue tongue mucosa tongue mucosa of organ tongue mucous membrane tongue organ mucosa tunica mucosa linguae mucosa of tongue A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lingual mucosa FMA:54807 mucosa of organ of tongue OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of tongue OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue mucosa OBOL:automatic tongue mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic tongue mucous membrane OBOL:automatic tongue organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa linguae FMA:54807 FMA:TA A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:54971 SCTID:361938001 mucosa of nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ of nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ of nasopharynx mucosa of organ of rhinopharynx mucosa of rhinopharynx mucous membrane of nasal part of pharynx mucous membrane of nasopharynx mucous membrane of rhinopharynx nasal part of pharynx mucosa nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ nasal part of pharynx mucous membrane nasal part of pharynx organ mucosa nasopharynx mucosa nasopharynx mucosa of organ nasopharynx mucous membrane nasopharynx organ mucosa organ mucosa of nasal part of pharynx organ mucosa of nasopharynx organ mucosa of rhinopharynx rhinopharynx mucosa rhinopharynx mucosa of organ rhinopharynx mucous membrane rhinopharynx organ mucosa mucosa of nasopharynx A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic nasal part of pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic nasopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic nasopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic nasopharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic nasopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of nasal part of pharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of nasopharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of rhinopharynx OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic rhinopharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:54933 SCTID:144632009 mucosa of oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ of oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ of oropharynx mucous membrane of oral part of pharynx mucous membrane of oropharynx oral part of pharynx mucosa oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ oral part of pharynx mucous membrane oral part of pharynx organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral part of pharynx organ mucosa of oropharynx oropharynx mucosa oropharynx mucosa of organ oropharynx mucous membrane oropharynx organ mucosa mucosa of oropharynx A mucosa that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oropharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oropharynx OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral part of pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral part of pharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oropharynx OBOL:automatic oropharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic oropharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oropharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oropharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a middle ear [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-0631 FMA:59663 middle ear mucosa middle ear mucosa of organ middle ear mucous membrane middle ear organ mucosa mucosa of organ of middle ear mucosa of tympanic cavity mucous membrane of middle ear organ mucosa of middle ear tunica mucosa cavitatis tympanicae mucosa of middle ear A mucosa that is part of a middle ear [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic middle ear mucosa OBOL:automatic middle ear mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic middle ear mucous membrane OBOL:automatic middle ear organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of middle ear OBOL:automatic mucosa of tympanic cavity FMA:59663 mucous membrane of middle ear OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of middle ear OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa cavitatis tympanicae FMA:59663 FMA:TA A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59832 NCIT:C12224 SCTID:362088009 mucosa of organ of upper lip mucous membrane of upper lip organ mucosa of upper lip upper labial mucosa upper lip mucosa upper lip mucosa of organ upper lip mucous membrane upper lip organ mucosa mucosa of upper lip A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of upper lip OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of upper lip OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of upper lip OBOL:automatic upper labial mucosa UBERON:cjm upper lip mucosa OBOL:automatic upper lip mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic upper lip mucous membrane OBOL:automatic upper lip organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59833 NCIT:C12225 SCTID:362089001 lower labial mucosa lower lip mucosa lower lip mucosa of organ lower lip mucous membrane lower lip organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lower lip mucous membrane of lower lip organ mucosa of lower lip mucosa of lower lip A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lower labial mucosa UBERON:cjm lower lip mucosa OBOL:automatic lower lip mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic lower lip mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lower lip organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lower lip OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lower lip OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lower lip OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:14662 SCTID:362196002 gall bladder mucosa gall bladder mucosa of organ gall bladder mucous membrane gall bladder organ mucosa gallbladder mucosa gallbladder mucosa of organ gallbladder mucous membrane gallbladder organ mucosa mucosa of gall bladder mucosa of organ of gall bladder mucosa of organ of gallbladder mucous membrane of gall bladder mucous membrane of gallbladder organ mucosa of gall bladder organ mucosa of gallbladder tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris mucosa of gallbladder A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic gall bladder mucosa OBOL:automatic gall bladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gall bladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gall bladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic gallbladder mucosa OBOL:automatic gallbladder mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic gallbladder mucous membrane OBOL:automatic gallbladder organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of gall bladder OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gall bladder OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of gallbladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gall bladder OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of gallbladder OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gall bladder OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of gallbladder OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris) FMA:14662 tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris FMA:14662 FMA:TA A portion of the tympanic cavity epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane. FMA:56844 SCTID:36411006 mucosa of tympanic membrane mucous layer of tympanic membrane mucous stratum of tympanic membrane tympanic membrane external middle ear cavity epithelial component tympanic membrane mucosa inner epithelial layer of tympanic membrane A portion of the tympanic cavity epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane. PMID:11237469 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mucosa of tympanic membrane FMA:56844 mucous layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56844 mucous stratum of tympanic membrane FMA:56844 tympanic membrane external middle ear cavity epithelial component https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tympanic membrane mucosa FMA:56844 A mucosa that is part of a nasolacrimal duct [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59664 mucosa of organ of nasolacrimal duct mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct nasolacrimal duct mucosa nasolacrimal duct mucosa of organ nasolacrimal duct mucous membrane nasolacrimal duct organ mucosa nasolacrimal ductal mucosa organ mucosa of nasolacrimal duct mucosa of nasolacrimal duct A mucosa that is part of a nasolacrimal duct [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of nasolacrimal duct OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct mucosa OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct mucous membrane OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal duct organ mucosa OBOL:automatic nasolacrimal ductal mucosa FMA:59664 organ mucosa of nasolacrimal duct OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18319 fallopian tube mucosa fallopian tube mucosa of organ fallopian tube mucous membrane fallopian tube organ mucosa mucosa of fallopian tube mucosa of organ of fallopian tube mucosa of organ of uterine tube mucosa of oviduct mucous membrane of fallopian tube mucous membrane of uterine tube organ mucosa of fallopian tube organ mucosa of uterine tube tunica mucosa tubae uterinae uterine tubal mucosa uterine tube mucosa uterine tube mucosa of organ uterine tube mucous membrane uterine tube organ mucosa mucosa of uterine tube A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fallopian tube mucosa OBOL:automatic fallopian tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic fallopian tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic fallopian tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of uterine tube OBOL:automatic mucosa of oviduct FMA:18319 mucous membrane of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of uterine tube OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of fallopian tube OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of uterine tube OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa tubae uterinae FMA:18319 FMA:TA uterine tubal mucosa FMA:18319 uterine tube mucosa OBOL:automatic uterine tube mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic uterine tube mucous membrane OBOL:automatic uterine tube organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:18357 mucosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube mucosa of infundibulum of oviduct mucosa of organ of uterine tube infundibulum mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum mucous membrane of uterine tube infundibulum organ mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum uterine tube infundibulum mucosa uterine tube infundibulum mucosa of organ uterine tube infundibulum mucous membrane uterine tube infundibulum organ mucosa mucosa of infundibulum of uterine tube A mucosa that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube FMA:18357 mucosa of infundibulum of oviduct FMA:18357 mucosa of organ of uterine tube infundibulum OBOL:automatic mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of uterine tube infundibulum OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum mucosa OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum mucous membrane OBOL:automatic uterine tube infundibulum organ mucosa OBOL:automatic The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near the lower extremity of the testis, and is wider above than below. From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide the interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete testis and blood vessels of the testis in their passage to and from the substance of the gland[WP]. EMAPA:18331 FMA:19812 MA:0003240 SCTID:362279007 Wikipedia:Mediastinum_testis body of highmore hilum of testicle mediastinum of testis testis mediastinum mediastinum testis The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near the lower extremity of the testis, and is wider above than below. From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide the interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete testis and blood vessels of the testis in their passage to and from the substance of the gland[WP]. Wikipedia:Mediastinum_testis body of highmore FMA:19812 mediastinum of testis FMA:19812 testis mediastinum FMA:19812 An organ part that is part of a long bone [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:24008 long bone zone zone of long bone An organ part that is part of a long bone [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0003100 EMAPA:30984 FMA:45649 SCTID:362234008 galen:FemaleExternalGenitalia external female genital organ external genitalia of female reproductive system female external genitalia organa genitalia feminina externa TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 external female genitalia An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic external female genital organ BTO:0003100 external genitalia of female reproductive system OBOL:automatic female external genitalia FMA:45649 organa genitalia feminina externa BTO:0003100 An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. immune system organ immune organ An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. hemopoietic or lymphoid organ EMAPA:18766 MA:0002962 hemopoietic or lymphoid gland haemolymphoid system gland hemolymphoid system gland A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hemopoietic or lymphoid organ GO:0048534 hemopoietic or lymphoid gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 haemolymphoid system gland EMAPA:18766 The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. AAO:0011071 EMAPA:35594 FMA:295624 NCIT:C34224 SCTID:361463007 Wikipedia:Neural_groove XAO:0000248 neuronames:1363 neural groove The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. GO:0001842 Wikipedia:Neural_groove http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. EHDAA2:0001249 FMA:295618 NCIT:C34223 SCTID:361461009 Wikipedia:Neural_fold XAO:0004087 neuronames:1364 medullary fold neural fold One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. GO:0001842 MP:0011256 Wikipedia:Neural_fold medullary fold MP:0011256 Missing definition for term UBERON:0005064. Please replace it using linked reference. left ventricular trabecular myocardium Missing definition for term UBERON:0005064. Please replace it using linked reference. GO:0003225 Missing definition for term UBERON:0005066. Please replace it using linked reference. right ventricular trabecular myocardium Missing definition for term UBERON:0005066. Please replace it using linked reference. GO:0003227 A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. EFO:0003498 TAO:0000133 ZFA:0000133 neural tube rod neural rod A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. GO:0014024 ZFA:0000133 neural tube rod GO:0014027 An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a forebrain and adjacent_to a midbrain. EMAPA:36449 TAO:0001367 ZFA:0001367 diencephalic-mesencephalic boundary forebrain midbrain boundary forebrain-midbrain boundary region forebrain-midbrain boundary An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a forebrain and adjacent_to a midbrain. OBOL:automatic diencephalic-mesencephalic boundary ZFA:0001367 forebrain midbrain boundary ZFA:0001367 forebrain-midbrain boundary region EMAPA:36449 An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. hindbrain-spinal cord boundary region hindbrain-spinal cord boundary An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. OBOL:automatic The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]. metanephric ureteric bud The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0035502 The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]. ureter ureteric bud The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]. GO:0035503 A hole in a tube[GO]. AEO:0000078 EHDAA2:0004618 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003078 tube lumen A hole in a tube[GO]. GO:0060609 An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. AEO:0000218 epithelial placode ectodermal placode An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. GO:0060788 epithelial placode AEO:0000112 A bud-like thickening in the epidermis consisting of elongated keratinocytes, which at the distal end are in touch with numerous aggregated specialized dermal fibroblasts, the dermal condensate. EMAPA:36479 hair placode vibrissa placode hair gem hair germ hair peg hair follicle placode A bud-like thickening in the epidermis consisting of elongated keratinocytes, which at the distal end are in touch with numerous aggregated specialized dermal fibroblasts, the dermal condensate. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 hair placode DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 hair gem ISBN:9780878932504 hair germ DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 hair peg ISBN:9780878932504 An tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud[GO]. BTO:0001511 TAO:0001153 ZFA:0001153 dental anlage dental placode dental primordium odontogenic placode tooth anlage tooth primordium tooth germ tooth placode An tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud[GO]. GO:0060790 dental placode OBOL:automatic dental primordium ZFA:0001153 odontogenic placode OBOL:automatic tooth anlage MP:0000117 tooth primordium MP:0000117 tooth germ ZFA:0001153 A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud[GO]. sebaceous gland placode A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud[GO]. GO:0060791 An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud[GO]. sweat gland placode An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud[GO]. GO:0060793 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. FMA:30316 musculus muscle muscle element muscle structure Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. GO:0061061 musculus FMA:30316 EHDAA2:0001841 EHDAA:484 EMAPA:16239 FMA:70318 VHOG:0000489 sinus venosus right horn right horn of sinus venosus sinus venosus right horn VHOG:0000489 Missing definition for term UBERON:0005095. Please replace it using linked reference. kidney anlage kidney rudiment Missing definition for term UBERON:0005095. Please replace it using linked reference. GO:0072003 kidney anlage GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition]. mesonephric epithelium An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO]. VHOG:0001526 metanephric tubule A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072173 An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure[GO]. metanephric epithelium An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure[GO]. GO:0072207 Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros. metanephric smooth muscle tissue Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros. GO:0072208 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. VHOG:0000719 metanephric nephron A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072273 Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]. metanephric pyramid Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]. GO:0072211 EHDAA2:0001140 metanephric cortex mesenchyme The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex[GO]. metanephric cortical collecting duct The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex[GO]. GO:0072219 The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus[GO]. metanephric glomerulus vasculature The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus[GO]. GO:0072239 The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric nephron epithelium The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072243 A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric glomerular epithelium A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072244 The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros[GO]. metanephric glomerular endothelium The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072264 The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage[GO]. metanephric capsule The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage[GO]. GO:0072213 This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO]. metanephric glomerular capillary This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO]. GO:0072277 The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric comma-shaped body The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072278 A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]. metanephric nephron tubule A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072282 The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. EHDAA2:0001245 EHDAA:9346 EMAPA:27678 metanephric vesicle metanephric renal vesicle The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. GO:0072283 The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. metanephric S-shaped body The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072284 A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. BTO:0001639 epithelial bud A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. GO:0060572 A cord of epithelial cells without a lumen and usually several cells thick. AEO:0000216 EHDAA2:0004052 epithelial cord A cord of epithelial cells without a lumen and usually several cells thick. AEO:0000216 Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. reproductive system element reproductive system structure reproductive structure Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. epithelial fold An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. GO:0060571 The functional tissue of the central nervous system consisting of neurons and glial cells. CNS parenchyma central nervous system parenchyma parenchyma of CNS parenchyma of central nervous system parenchyma of central nervous system The functional tissue of the central nervous system consisting of neurons and glial cells. CL:tm https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/8 CNS parenchyma OBOL:automatic central nervous system parenchyma OBOL:automatic parenchyma of CNS OBOL:automatic A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FMA:83115 multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure cell part cluster multi cell part structure A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. CARO:0001000 multi-cell-component structure CARO:0001000 multi-cell-part structure CARO:0001000 cell part cluster FMA:83115 Connective tissue between the cellular elements of a structure. FMA:86301 SCTID:85293002 interstitium interstitial tissue Connective tissue between the cellular elements of a structure. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tissue Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). EHDAA2:0000741 EHDAA:3049 EMAPA:16843 FMA:71891 MA:0000357 NCIT:C32730 SCTID:245399002 VHOG:0000219 galen:HepaticDuct hepatic duct Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. MA:0000522 SCTID:272631008 abdomen organ abdomen element An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 abdomen organ MA:0000522 An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. MA:0000529 abdominal segment organ abdominal segment element An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 abdominal segment organ MA:0000529 An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. MA:0001901 back organ dorsal region organ dorsal region element An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 back organ MA:0001901 An organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000552 chest organ An organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A circumscribed mass of ectodermal cells which bud off from the dental lamina; it becomes cup-shaped and develops on its internal face the ameloblast layer of cells that produces the enamel cap of a developing tooth. BTO:0001722 CALOHA:TS-0271 EMAPA:32888 FMA:312389 MA:0001604 MESH:D004658 SCTID:362863002 TAO:0005138 Wikipedia:Enamel_organ ZFA:0005138 dental organ enamel organ odontogenic organ organum enameleum . Alternate definition: A cellular aggregation seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies above a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the odontogenic papilla. tooth enamel organ A circumscribed mass of ectodermal cells which bud off from the dental lamina; it becomes cup-shaped and develops on its internal face the ameloblast layer of cells that produces the enamel cap of a developing tooth. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010747 Wikipedia:Enamel_organ https://github.com/cerivs/zebrafish-anatomical-ontology/issues/107 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1313 dental organ ZFA:0005138 enamel organ MP:0010747 organum enameleum Wikipedia:Enamel_organ An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. MA:0000516 trunk organ trunk region element An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 trunk organ MA:0000516 An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. MA:0000557 thoracic cavity organ thoracic cavity element An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 thoracic cavity organ MA:0000557 An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. MA:0000543 pelvic element pelvis organ pelvis region organ pelvic region element An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvis organ MA:0000543 An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. MA:0000563 upper body organ thoracic segment organ An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper body organ MA:0000563 Innermost layer of the hair shaft. BTO:0004671 EMAPA:35389 MA:0000158 SCTID:318929009 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_(hair) medulla of hair shaft hair medulla Innermost layer of the hair shaft. Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_(hair) medulla of hair shaft BTO:0004671 The portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal medulla. BTO:0004536 EMAPA:28061 EMAPA:35459 MA:0002935 kidney medulla collecting duct medullary collecting duct renal medulla collecting duct The portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal medulla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 kidney medulla collecting duct MA:0002935 medullary collecting duct EMAPA:28061 An artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens. The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular artery. In this way it also supplies blood to the testis and epididymis. A small branch supplies the ureter[WP]. FMA:18930 MA:0001940 SCTID:279659005 Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens arteria ductus deferentis artery of ductus deferens ductus deferens artery vas deferens artery deferent duct artery An artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens. The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular artery. In this way it also supplies blood to the testis and epididymis. A small branch supplies the ureter[WP]. Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens arteria ductus deferentis Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens artery of ductus deferens FMA:18930 ductus deferens artery FMA:18930 A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002235 NCIT:C53142 SCTID:281472008 thoracic vein A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A vein that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002100 deferent duct vein A vein that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A mammary gland that is part of a cervical region. MA:0000789 cervical mammary gland A mammary gland that is part of a cervical region. OBOL:automatic A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast. lactiferous gland mammary gland EHDAA2:0001056 EHDAA:6524 EMAPA:36633 FMA:62088 MA:0000797 SCTID:31448001 Wikipedia:Mammary_gland#Other_mammals breast mammary gland anterior mammary gland thoracic mammary gland A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast. Wikipedia:Mammary_gland#Other_mammals https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lactiferous gland FMA:62088 mammary gland FMA:62088 anterior mammary gland Wikipedia:Mammary_gland#Other_mammals A tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen. EMAPA:36574 FMA:7473 MA:0002937 SCTID:197423006 glandula trachealis tracheal gland tubular seromucous gland of trachea trachea gland A tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen. ISBN:1451113412 MGI:Anna PMID:15973734 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tracheal+glands https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1197 glandula trachealis FMA:7473 tracheal gland FMA:7473 tubular seromucous gland of trachea FMA:7473 A gland that is part of a larynx submucosa [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35475 MA:0002729 laryngeal submucosa gland larynx submucosa gland A gland that is part of a larynx submucosa [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic laryngeal submucosa gland EMAPA:35475 EMAPA:35902 FMA:19979 MA:0002737 vagina stroma lamina propria of vagina vagina stroma MA:0002737 Stromal matrix surrounding blood vessels within the choroid plexus. EMAPA:36609 MA:0000825 choroid plexus stromal matrix choroid plexus stroma Stromal matrix surrounding blood vessels within the choroid plexus. PMCID:PMC3496674 choroid plexus stromal matrix PMCID:PMC3496674 A capsule that is part of a tonsil [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:294647 MA:0000776 tonsil capsule A capsule that is part of a tonsil [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000302 EMAPA:17327 MA:0001871 valve of right atrium right atrium valves superior vena cava valve right atrium valve A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic valve of right atrium EMAPA:17327 right atrium valves EHDAA2:0000302 superior vena cava valve EMAPA:17327 Tissue surrounding the loop of Henle in the renal medulla. EMAPA:18326 MA:0002619 SCTID:245693005 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_interstitium kidney medulla interstitium renal medullary interstitial tissue renal medullary interstitium medullary interstitium medullary stroma renal medulla interstitium Tissue surrounding the loop of Henle in the renal medulla. Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_interstitium kidney medulla interstitium MA:0002619 renal medullary interstitium EMAPA:18326 medullary interstitium Wikipedia:Medullary_interstitium medullary stroma EMAPA:18326 The interstitial compartment of the kidney, comprising the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances, bounded on all sides by epithelial and vascular basement membranes. EMAPA:28518 FMA:70983 MA:0002616 NCIT:C33459 SCTID:362210003 interstitial tissue of kidney renal interstitial tissue renal interstitium renal stroma stroma of kidney kidney interstitium group kidney interstitium The interstitial compartment of the kidney, comprising the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances, bounded on all sides by epithelial and vascular basement membranes. DOI:10.1038/ki.1991.49 PMID:18575881 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 renal interstitium FMA:70983 renal stroma FMA:70983 stroma of kidney FMA:70983 kidney interstitium group EMAPA:28518 A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001010 EMAPA:18317 FMA:71657 VHOG:0000840 parenchyma of right lobe of liver liver right lobe parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic parenchyma of right lobe of liver FMA:71657 A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001002 EMAPA:18310 FMA:71658 VHOG:0000839 parenchyma of left lobe of liver liver left lobe parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic parenchyma of left lobe of liver FMA:71658 An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002131 EMAPA:17500 VHOG:0001041 upper leg epithelium An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32946 VHOG:0001031 hind limb digit epithelium toe epithelium foot digit epithelium pedal digit epithelium An epithelium that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit epithelium OBOL:accepted foot digit epithelium NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted An epithelium that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000406 EMAPA:32647 VHOG:0001032 finger epithelium fore limb digit epithelium hand digit epithelium manual digit epithelium An epithelium that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit epithelium OBOL:accepted hand digit epithelium NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002113 EMAPA:17425 VHOG:0000990 upper arm epithelium An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001031 EMAPA:17497 VHOG:0001050 lower leg epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001078 EMAPA:16809 FMA:312675 VHOG:0000803 medial-nasal process ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA:940 EMAPA:16539 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001309 VHOG:0001105 optic eminence ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0001154 EMAPA:17078 VHOG:0000320 metencephalon basal plate basal plate metencephalon metencephalon basal plate EHDAA2:0001154 An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000886 EHDAA2:0000887 FMA:83584 VHOG:0000615 endocardium of interventricular septum interventricular septum endocardial tissue interventricular septum endocardium An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic endocardium of interventricular septum FMA:83584 interventricular septum endocardial tissue VHOG:0000615 A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36488 VHOG:0000609 bulbus cordis cardiac muscle bulbus cordis myocardium A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic bulbus cordis cardiac muscle VHOG:0000609 A renal pelvis that is part of a metanephros. VHOG:0000945 metanephros pelvis metanephric renal pelvis A renal pelvis that is part of a metanephros. OBOL:automatic metanephros pelvis VHOG:0000945 A gland that is part of a stomodeum. VHOG:0000658 stomatodaeum gland stomatodeum gland A gland that is part of a stomodeum. OBOL:automatic stomatodaeum gland VHOG:0000658 An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:16055 FMA:63942 VHOG:0000843 cavity of yolk sac yolk sac lumen yolk sac space yolk sac cavity An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cavity of yolk sac FMA:63942 yolk sac space FMA:63942 Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. EFO:0003492 EHDAA2:0000732 EHDAA:179 EMAPA:16098 EMAPA_RETIRED:16269 FMA:76622 TAO:0000113 VHOG:0000332 ZFA:0000113 cephalic mesenchyme cranial mesenchyme desmocranium head mesenchyme Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. ISBN:0683400088 MP:0011260 cephalic mesenchyme MP:0011260 cranial mesenchyme MGI:anna desmocranium FMA:76622 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002132 EMAPA:17501 VHOG:0000506 upper leg mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing toe [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32947 VHOG:0000463 hind limb digit mesenchyme toe mesenchyme foot digit mesenchyme finger ray mesenchyme pedal digital ray mesenchyme pedal digit mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing toe [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit mesenchyme OBOL:accepted foot digit mesenchyme NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted finger ray mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digital ray mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. EFO:0003485 EHDAA2:0002092 EHDAA:377 EMAPA:16177 TAO:0000081 VHOG:0000281 ZFA:0000081 trunk and cervical mesenchyme trunk mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. OBOL:automatic trunk and cervical mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002092 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing finger [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000407 EMAPA:32645 VHOG:0001416 finger mesenchyme fore limb digit mesenchyme hand digit mesenchyme anterior limb digital ray mesenchyme finger ray mesenchyme manual digital ray mesenchyme manual digit mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing finger [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit mesenchyme OBOL:accepted hand digit mesenchyme NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted anterior limb digital ray mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 finger ray mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digital ray mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002114 EMAPA:17426 VHOG:0000505 upper arm mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001032 EMAPA:17498 VHOG:0000752 lower leg mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An artery that supplies the renal cortex. EMAPA:28147 MA:0002582 kidney cortex artery renal cortex artery renal cortex arterial system renal cortex artery An artery that supplies the renal cortex. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 kidney cortex artery MP:0011314 renal cortex artery MA:0002582 renal cortex arterial system MA:0002582 Artery that receives blood from the renal cortex[MP, modified]. EMAPA:28152 MA:0002592 kidney cortex vein renal cortex venous system renal cortex vein Artery that receives blood from the renal cortex[MP, modified]. MGI:csmith kidney cortex vein MP:0011322 renal cortex venous system MA:0002592 A compartment of the renal cortex situated between basement membranes of epithelia and vessels that contains two contiguous cellular networks in mutual contact, one formed by interstitial fibroblasts, the other by dendritic cells. EMAPA:28136 MA:0002608 SCTID:243707006 Wikipedia:Medullary_interstitium kidney cortex interstitium renal cortical interstitial tissue cortical stroma renal cortex interstitium A compartment of the renal cortex situated between basement membranes of epithelia and vessels that contains two contiguous cellular networks in mutual contact, one formed by interstitial fibroblasts, the other by dendritic cells. PMID:18575881 kidney cortex interstitium MA:0002608 cortical stroma EMAPA:28136 A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP]. EFO:0003650 EHDAA2:0004362 EV:0100306 FMA:242675 MBA:73 TAO:0001261 Wikipedia:Ventricular_system ZFA:0001261 neuronames:2497 CNS ventricular system ventricular system ventricular system of neuraxis ventricle system ventriculi cerebri ventricular system of central nervous system A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP]. Wikipedia:Ventricular_system CNS ventricular system EHDAA2:0004362 ventricular system ZFA:0001261 ventricular system of neuraxis FMA:242675 ventricle system Wikipedia:Ventricular_system ventriculi cerebri Wikipedia:Ventricular_system CALOHA:TS-1295 FMA:242787 VHOG:0000005 brain ventricular system ventricular system of brain brain ventricular system VHOG:0000005 A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm]. FMA:242849 TAO:0000447 Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea ZFA:0000447 neuronames:1378 tela chorioidea tela choroidea A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm]. ISBN:0471888893 Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/embryo_new/choroid/ tela chorioidea FMA:242849 Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle[ZFA]. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is the name applied to the triangular fold of pia mater which is carried upward between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It consists of two layers, which are continuous with each other in front, and are more or less adherent throughout: The posterior layer covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The anterior layer is applied to the structures which form the lower part of the roof of the ventricle, and is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior peduncles and closed part of the medulla[WP]. tela choroidea BAMS:tc4v FMA:78493 SCTID:362321009 TAO:0005158 Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_fourth_ventricle ZFA:0005158 neuronames:639 choroid membrane choroid membrane of fourth ventricle tela chorioidea fourth ventricle tela choroidea fourth ventricle tela choroidea of fourth ventricle tela choroidea ventriculi quarti tela choroidea ventriculi quarti tela choroidea of fourth ventricle Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle[ZFA]. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is the name applied to the triangular fold of pia mater which is carried upward between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It consists of two layers, which are continuous with each other in front, and are more or less adherent throughout: The posterior layer covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The anterior layer is applied to the structures which form the lower part of the roof of the ventricle, and is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior peduncles and closed part of the medulla[WP]. Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_fourth_ventricle ZFIN:curator tela choroidea FMA:78493 FMA:TA choroid membrane FMA:78493 choroid membrane of fourth ventricle FMA:78493 tela choroidea ventriculi quarti FMA:78493 FMA:TA tela choroidea ventriculi quarti Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_fourth_ventricle Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle. BAMS:tclv FMA:83712 SCTID:362319004 TAO:0005160 ZFA:0005160 neuronames:219 tela chorioidea of lateral ventricle tela chorioidea of telencephalic ventricle tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle tela choroidea (ventriculi lateralis) tela choroidea of lateral ventricle tela choroidea telencephalic ventricle tela choroidea of telencephalic ventricle Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle. ZFIN:curator tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle ZFA:0005160 tela choroidea (ventriculi lateralis) FMA:83712 FMA:TA tela choroidea of lateral ventricle FMA:83712 The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. BTO:0000758 CALOHA:TS-0607 CALOHA:TS-2365 DHBA:10662 EHDAA2:0001207 EHDAA:5526 EMAPA:17082 HBA:9512 MA:0000205 VHOG:0000456 Wikipedia:Myelencephalon myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) myelencephalon The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. BTO:0000758 Wikipedia:Myelencephalon myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) DHBA:10662 A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. CALOHA:TS-2100 portion of embryonic tissue developing tissue embryonic tissue A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. OBOL:automatic portion of embryonic tissue OBOL:automatic Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. BTO:0003360 CALOHA:TS-2119 EFO:0001406 MAT:0000061 MIAA:0000061 extra-embryonic tissue extraembryonic tissue Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The elevation of thickened mesothelium and underlying mesenchyme found on the ventromedial border of the embryonic mesonephros in which the primordial germ cells become embedded, establishing it as the primordium of the testis or ovary. AAO:0011047 BTO:0001402 EFO:0001414 EHDAA2:0004044 EMAPA:35899 FMA:321917 NCIT:C34184 NCIT:C34321 SCTID:308801004 SCTID:361399001 Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge XAO:0000018 genital ridge gonadal ridge indifferent gonadal ridge crista gonadalis genital cord gonadal ridge The elevation of thickened mesothelium and underlying mesenchyme found on the ventromedial border of the embryonic mesonephros in which the primordial germ cells become embedded, establishing it as the primordium of the testis or ovary. MGI:anna MP:0011411 genital ridge MP:0011411 Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge gonadal ridge Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge indifferent gonadal ridge http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 crista gonadalis Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge genital cord MP:0011411 Cordlike masses of epithelial tissue that invaginate from germinal epithelium of the gonad and give rise to seminiferous tubules and rete testes in the male, and primary ovarian follicles and rete ovarii in the female. NCIT:C34183 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001523 SCTID:343823004 Wikipedia:Sex_cords genital cord gonad cord gonadal cord primitive sex cord sex cord Cordlike masses of epithelial tissue that invaginate from germinal epithelium of the gonad and give rise to seminiferous tubules and rete testes in the male, and primary ovarian follicles and rete ovarii in the female. Wikipedia:Sex_cords http://www.answers.com/topic/sex-cord Structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles. EHDAA2:0001363 EHDAA:8130 EMAPA:31058 NCIT:C34134 VHOG:0001339 Wikipedia:Cortical_cords ovigerous cord ovigerous cords cortical cord cortical sex cord ovary primitive sex cord secondary cord ovary sex cord Structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles. Wikipedia:Cortical_cords ovigerous cords VHOG:0001339 The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP]. EHDAA2:0002011 EHDAA:8152 EMAPA:29098 VHOG:0001321 Wikipedia:Testis_cords testis cord testis primary sex cords primary sex cord testis primitive sex cord testis sex cord The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP]. Wikipedia:Testis_cords testis cord MP:0006424 testis primary sex cords EHDAA2:0002011 A zone of skin that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:20168 SCTID:361374002 clitoris skin skin of clitoris A zone of skin that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the clitoral glans. EMAPA:30699 FMA:20169 NCIT:C32590 SCTID:362242009 Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood clitoral hood clitoral prepuce clitoris prepuce prepuce of female prepuce of the clitoris preputium clitoridis prepuce of clitoris A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the clitoral glans. Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 clitoral hood Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood prepuce of female EMAPA:30699 preputium clitoridis Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO]. AAO:0011091 XAO:0000285 pronephric nephron A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO]. GO:0039019 The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO]. TAO:0001558 XAO:0004105 ZFA:0001558 pronephric tubule ciliated neck segment pronephric nephron tubule The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO]. GO:0039020 pronephric tubule ZFA:0001558 ciliated neck segment ZFA:0001558 The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper[GO]. EMAPA:35541 mammary anlage mammary placode The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper[GO]. GO:0060596 The endothelial lining of the endocardium. FMA:83596 endocardium endothelium endothelium of endocardium endocardial endothelium The endothelial lining of the endocardium. UBERON:cjm endocardium endothelium FMA:83596 endothelium of endocardium FMA:83596 An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. BTO:0000137 pulmonary artery endothelial tube pulmonary artery endothelium An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. GO:0061155 pulmonary artery endothelial tube GO:0061155 The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO]. AAO:0010390 XAO:0000151 mesonephric collecting duct The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO]. GO:0061211 Missing definition for term UBERON:0005321. Please replace it using linked reference. mesonephric smooth muscle tissue Missing definition for term UBERON:0005321. Please replace it using linked reference. GO:0061214 A nephron that is part of a mesonephros. AAO:0010387 XAO:0000292 ZFA:0005592 nephron of mesonephros stage IV nephron mesonephric nephron A nephron that is part of a mesonephros. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 stage IV nephron ZFA:0005592 Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros[GO]. AAO:0011062 EHDAA2:0001132 EMAPA:16745 XAO:0000291 mesonephric mesenchyme Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061219 The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros[GO]. glomerulus AAO:0010388 EMAPA:30568 VHOG:0001238 XAO:0000146 mesonephric glomerulus The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061224 glomerulus AAO:0010388 The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus[GO]. mesonephric glomerulus vasculature The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus[GO]. GO:0061231 A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric glomerular epithelium A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061232 The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric comma-shaped body The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061236 The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric nephron epithelium The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061241 The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. SCTID:361407006 ZFA:0005586 mesonephric vesicle mesonephric renal vesicle The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]. GO:0061243 The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. mesonephric S-shaped body The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]. GO:0061244 A bulb of epithelial cells that forms from the mammary placode that develops into the mammary gland. EMAPA:35536 lactiferous gland bud mammary gland bud mammary primordium milk bud mammary bud A bulb of epithelial cells that forms from the mammary placode that develops into the mammary gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mammary gland bud GO:0060648 A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region. EMAPA:26947 lamina propria of oral mucosa oral lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region. OBOL:automatic A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. FMA:13225 Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract XAO:0004140 heart ventricle outflow tract outflow part of ventricle ventricular outflow tract outflow tract of ventricle A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]. Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract heart ventricle outflow tract MP:0010224 ventricular outflow tract Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract An outflow tract that is part of a aorta. EHDAA2:0001353 EMAPA:17329 MA:0000101 VHOG:0001394 outflow tract aortic component An outflow tract that is part of a aorta. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0001359 EHDAA:4401 EMAPA:17330 MA:0000102 VHOG:0001395 outflow tract pulmonary component The outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP]. CP CxP BAMS:CTXpl DHBA:10515 EMAPA:32711 MBA:695 PBA:294021914 neuronames:2702 cerebral cortex cortical plate future cortical layers II-VI neocortex cortical plate future neocortex cortical plate The outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP]. MP:0008439 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10047 CP BRAINSPAN:BRAINSPAN CxP PMID:23375746 future cortical layers II-VI http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 future neocortex http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The cord-like structure in males comprising the vas deferens and associated tissue that runs from the abdomen down to each testis[MP]. FMA:19937 GAID:395 MESH:D013085 NCIT:C12329 SCTID:181433005 Wikipedia:Spermatic_cord funiculus spermaticus spermatic chord spermatic cord The cord-like structure in males comprising the vas deferens and associated tissue that runs from the abdomen down to each testis[MP]. MP:0010145 Wikipedia:Spermatic_cord funiculus spermaticus Wikipedia:Spermatic_cord A pouch of ectoderm that grows out from the upper surface of the embryonic stomodeum and gives rise to the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland[MP]. In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system[WP]. AAO:0011094 EHDAA2:0001588 EMAPA:16725 FMA:302929 NCIT:C34281 NCIT:C54098 SCTID:362583008 SCTID:61127000 VHOG:0000674 Wikipedia:Rathke's_pouch XAO:0000430 neuronames:1516 Rathke pouch pouch of Rathke Rathkes pouch epithelium adenohypophysial pouch Rathke's cleft Rathke's cyst Rathke's pocket craniobuccal pouch craniopharyngeal pouch hypophyseal diverticulum hypophyseal pouch nasohypophyseal pouch pituitary diverticulum Rathke's pouch A pouch of ectoderm that grows out from the upper surface of the embryonic stomodeum and gives rise to the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland[MP]. In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system[WP]. MP:0003817 Wikipedia:Rathke's_pouch Rathkes pouch epithelium EHDAA2:0001473 adenohypophysial pouch EHDAA2:0001588 Rathke's pocket MP:0003817 hypophyseal diverticulum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hypophyseal pouch ISBN:0073040584 nasohypophyseal pouch http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html pituitary diverticulum MP:0003817 A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord. EMAPA:35209 FMA:242770 ventricular layer region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis ventricle of nervous system A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 ventricular layer EMAPA:35209 region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis FMA:242770 The group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the vagus nerve. gX EMAPA:16798 FMA:53472 MA:0001081 SCTID:244452001 TAO:0007067 VHOG:0000684 Wikipedia:Vagus_ganglion ZFA:0007067 ganglion of vagus nerve right glossopharyngeal ganglion vagal ganglion vagus ganglion vagus neural ganglion vagus X vagus X ganglion The group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the vagus nerve. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0001100 gX ZFA:0007067 ganglion of vagus nerve FMA:53472 right glossopharyngeal ganglion FMA:53472 vagal ganglion ZFA:0007067 vagus neural ganglion FMA:53472 vagus X EMAPA:16798 An epithelium that lines the nasal cavity. CALOHA:TS-0656 EHDAA2:0001227 EHDAA:6803 EMAPA:17605 FMA:63140 MA:0001324 NCIT:C49261 VHOG:0000501 nasal epithelium nasal mucosa nasal cavity epithelium An epithelium that lines the nasal cavity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nasal epithelium FMA:63140 nasal mucosa MA:0001324 An epithelium that is part of the respiratory segment of the nasal mucosa [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001230 EHDAA:6807 EMAPA:17607 MA:0001326 NCIT:C49262 nasal cavity respiratory epithelium An epithelium that is part of the respiratory segment of the nasal mucosa [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/50 An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. light-sensitive tissue photoreceptor array An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. lens transparent eye structure A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. AAO:0010217 BTO:0000168 CALOHA:TS-0116 EFO:0000818 EHDAA:6385 EMAPA:18609 EV:0100379 FMA:70504 GAID:478 MA:0001925 MAT:0000501 MESH:D002339 NCIT:C12687 SCTID:362040006 SCTID:69105007 TAO:0000097 VHOG:0000266 Wikipedia:Carotid_artery ZFA:0000097 galen:CarotidArtery carotid carotid artery subdivision of common carotid artery common carotid arterial subdivision carotid artery segment One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. Wikipedia:Carotid_artery https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486870&group_id=76834&atid=994764 carotid AAO:0010217 carotid artery MA:0001925 subdivision of common carotid artery FMA:70504 common carotid arterial subdivision FMA:70504 A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system. BTO:0000254 MA:0000383 female reproductive gland A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system. OBOL:automatic A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system. BTO:0000080 EMAPA:19285 MA:0000399 accessory sex gland male reproductive gland A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system. OBOL:automatic accessory sex gland EMAPA:19285 A gray matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere. BTO:0000823 CALOHA:TS-2361 FMA:61821 MA:0000944 cerebral gray matter cerebral grey matter cerebral hemisphere grey matter cerebral hemisphere gray matter A gray matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere. OBOL:automatic cerebral gray matter BTO:0000823 cerebral grey matter MA:0000944 Any of any of the secretory or sensory organs located in the brain region around or in relation to the ventricular system that are characterized by extensive vasculature and a lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB) and allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow. EMAPA:35243 FMA:84081 MA:0002942 NLXANAT:20090312 Wikipedia:Circumventricular_organs neuronames:1242 CVO circumventricular organ circumventricular organ of neuraxis circumventricular organ Any of any of the secretory or sensory organs located in the brain region around or in relation to the ventricular system that are characterized by extensive vasculature and a lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB) and allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow. MP:0013562 CVO NLXANAT:20090312 circumventricular organ NLXANAT:20090312 circumventricular organ of neuraxis FMA:84081 The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-0407 EHDAA2:0000110 EHDAA:514 EMAPA:16246 FMA:71132 GAID:294 MA:0000323 MESH:D041981 NCIT:C12378 SCTID:373871007 VHOG:0000412 galen:GastrointestinalTract GI tract alimentary system alimentary tract gastro-intestinal system gastroenterological system gastrointestinal (GI) tract gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract alimentary part of gastrointestinal system The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 GI tract GAID:294 alimentary system MA:0000323 alimentary tract MA:0000323 gastro-intestinal system FMA:71132 gastroenterological system UBERON:cjm gastrointestinal (GI) tract GAID:294 gastrointestinal system FMA:71132 gastrointestinal tract FMA:71132 A limb bud that develops into a forelimb. AAO:0010381 BTO:0001645 EHDAA:1699 EMAPA:16406 FMA:296782 MIAA:0000065 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003198 SCTID:346062002 XAO:0003065 anterior limb bud limb bud - forelimb upper limb bud wing bud arm bud Genes: Tbx5 specifies forelimbs. Wnt2b restricts Fgf10 in chick // In tetrapods, the position of the forelimb is associated with the anterior expression border of Hoxc6 in the paraxial mesoderm (Burke et al., 1995) forelimb bud A limb bud that develops into a forelimb. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb bud - forelimb MIAA:0000065 upper limb bud RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003198 wing bud NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb. AAO:0010382 EHDAA:2358 EMAPA:16779 MIAA:0000256 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003197 SCTID:346164003 XAO:0003066 hind limb bud posterior limb bud leg bud limb bud - hindlimb Genes: Tbx4 specifies hindlimbs. Wnt8c restricts Fgf10 in chick. hindlimb bud A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hind limb bud XAO:0003066 A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. EFO:0003430 TAO:0000141 VHOG:0001754 VHOG_RETIRED:0001259 ZFA:0000141 forelimb - pectoral fin bud pectoral fin bud pectoral fin buds at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pectoral fin bud' class, but we may in future pectoral appendage bud A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. OBOL:automatic forelimb - pectoral fin bud VHOG:0001754 pectoral fin bud TAO:0000141 pectoral fin buds TAO:0000141 A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. EFO:0003469 TAO:0001384 VHOG:0001260 ZFA:0001384 hindlimb/pelvic fin bud pelvic fin bud pelvic fin buds at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pelvic fin bud' class, but we may in future pelvic appendage bud A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. OBOL:automatic hindlimb/pelvic fin bud VHOG:0001260 pelvic fin bud TAO:0001384 pelvic fin buds ZFA:0001384 An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. EFO:0003487 EHDAA2:0000138 EMAPA:16778 TAO:0000085 TAO:0000736 VHOG:0001064 ZFA:0000085 AER forelimb apical ectodermal ridge forelimb apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge wing AER wing apical ectodermal ridge aer pectoral fin apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin apical fold pectoral fin pectoral appendage apical ectodermal ridge An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. OBOL:automatic AER forelimb VHOG:0001064 apical ectodermal ridge forelimb VHOG:0001064 apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud ZFA:0000085 upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge EHDAA2:0000138 wing AER Giesha:syn wing apical ectodermal ridge aer pectoral fin TAO:0000085 apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin TAO:0000085 apical fold pectoral fin TAO:0000085 An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. EFO:0003681 EHDAA2:0003194 EMAPA:16892 TAO:0001385 VHOG:0001066 ZFA:0001385 apical ectodermal ridge hind limb apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge AER hindlimb apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud leg AER pelvic appendage apical ectodermal ridge An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. OBOL:automatic apical ectodermal ridge hind limb VHOG:0001066 apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb VHOG:0001066 lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge EHDAA2:0003194 AER hindlimb VHOG:0001066 apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud TAO:0001385 AEO:0000125 CALOHA:TS-2122 EHDAA2:0003125 FMA:292313 MIAA:0000019 developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue developing anatomical structure developmental tissue MIAA:0000019 Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. EHDAA2:0001304 EMAPA:16675 TAO:0001071 VHOG:0000490 ZFA:0001071 future neural retina future retinal neural layer inner layer optic cup optic cup inner layer presumptive retinas future NR future neural epithelium future neural layer presumptive retina presumptive neural retina Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. ZFIN:curator inner layer optic cup ZFA:0001071 optic cup inner layer EHDAA2:0001304 presumptive retinas ZFA:0001071 future neural epithelium EMAPA:16675 future neural layer EMAPA:16675 presumptive retina TAO:0001071 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. EHDAA2:0000983 EHDAA:4737 EMAPA:17163 SCTID:361510002 TAO:0002205 VHOG:0001163 ZFA:0001679 hollow lens vesicle solid lens vesicle immature lens lens mass presumptive lens lens vesicle Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. ZFIN:curator https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=994726&aid=3514998&group_id=76834 hollow lens vesicle solid lens vesicle ZFA:0001679 immature lens ZFA:0001679 lens mass ZFA:0001679 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091023-49 presumptive lens ZFA:0001679 Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. TAO:0002188 ZFA:0001688 corneal primordium Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. EHDAA2:0002156 EHDAA:669 TAO:0000818 VHOG:0001208 XAO:0004191 ZFA:0000818 VNC enteric neural crest post-otic neural crest vagal neural crest Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]. ZFIN:curator VNC XAO:0004191 post-otic neural crest ZFA:0000818 The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. EHDAA2:0004145 EHDAA:9826 EMAPA:36461 FMA:71008 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000133 SCTID:361527005 saccus aorticus aortic sac The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. MP:0012510 saccus aorticus FMA:24219 SCTID:123958008 cervical region neck subdivision region of neck subdivision of neck cervical region cervical region FMA:24219 neck subdivision FMA:24219 region of neck FMA:24219 subdivision of neck FMA:24219 In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. EHDAA2:0000308 EHDAA:8570 FMA:14771 MA:0003094 SCTID:244263001 Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery galen:CommonHepaticArtery arteria hepatica communis common hepatic common hepatic artery In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery arteria hepatica communis Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery common hepatic Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery The short trunk that recieves most of the cardiac veins carrying the blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium, with the sinoatrial connection occurring between the inferior vena cava and the atrioventricular orifice. EHDAA2:0000320 EHDAA:9884 FMA:4706 NCIT:C32378 SCTID:244386006 Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus sinus coronarius sinus coronarius coronary sinus The short trunk that recieves most of the cardiac veins carrying the blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium, with the sinoatrial connection occurring between the inferior vena cava and the atrioventricular orifice. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010436 sinus coronarius Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus A segment of autopod that is part of a pes. foot region FMA:24993 SCTID:362887000 foot subdivision regio pedis segment of foot subdivision of foot segment of pes A segment of autopod that is part of a pes. OBOL:automatic foot region FMA:24993 foot subdivision FMA:24993 regio pedis FMA:24993 FMA:TA segment of foot FMA:24993 subdivision of foot FMA:24993 The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. AAO:0000194 EHDAA2:0000552 EHDAA:10629 EMAPA:18712 FMA:53154 SCTID:369439002 VHOG:0001543 Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum foramen rotundum of the skull foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis round foramen foramen rotundum The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum foramen rotundum of the skull Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum round foramen VHOG:0001543 A segment of autopod that is part of a manus. hand region FMA:24945 SCTID:127950000 hand subdivision regio manus segment of hand subdivision of hand segment of manus A segment of autopod that is part of a manus. OBOL:automatic hand region FMA:24945 hand subdivision FMA:24945 regio manus segment of hand FMA:24945 subdivision of hand FMA:24945 The jugular foramen is a large aperture in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side. AAO:0000249 EHDAA2:0000893 EHDAA:10631 EMAPA:18713 FMA:56432 NCIT:C12496 SCTID:361735006 VHOG:0001113 Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen Posterior lacerate foramen foramen jugulare jugular foramen The jugular foramen is a large aperture in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side. Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen Posterior lacerate foramen FMA:56432 foramen jugulare Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen EHDAA2:0000966 EMAPA:16544 FMA:18822 VHOG:0000522 embryonic left umbilical artery left umbilical artery embryonic left umbilical artery VHOG:0000522 An axial muscle that originates in the cervical vertebraae inserts on the scapula. AAO:0010689 EHDAA2:0000992 EHDAA:8309 FMA:32519 SCTID:279236008 Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle levator scapulae levator scapula levator scapulae muscle levator scapulæ musculus levator scapulae Axial muscle group[Kardong] levator scapulae muscle An axial muscle that originates in the cervical vertebraae inserts on the scapula. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 levator scapulae FMA:32519 levator scapula Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle levator scapulae muscle Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle levator scapulæ Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle musculus levator scapulae Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]. lumbar region BTO:0001505 EMAPA:36623 FMA:61681 MA:0000027 NCIT:C34004 SCTID:182343007 abdominal back back of abdomen dorsum of abdomen lower back lumbar part of back lumbar region of back posterior part of abdomen regio lumbalis loin lombus lumbos overlaps with region sometimes called 'loin' lower back Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]. FMA:61681 lumbar region FMA:61681 abdominal back FMA:61681 back of abdomen FMA:61681 dorsum of abdomen FMA:61681 lower back MA:0000027 lumbar part of back FMA:61681 lumbar region of back https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 posterior part of abdomen FMA:61681 regio lumbalis FMA:61681 FMA:TA loin BTO:0001505 Wikipedia:Loin A space between the capsule and the cortex which allows the free movement of lymphatic fluid and so contains a sparsity of lymphocytes. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae. marginal sinus FMA:312355 MA:0003027 NCIT:C33033 NCIT:C33642 Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus lymph node subcortical sinus lymph path lymph sinus marginal sinus of lymph node subcapsular sinus subcapsular sinus of lymph node A space between the capsule and the cortex which allows the free movement of lymphatic fluid and so contains a sparsity of lymphocytes. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae. Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Subcapsular_sinus marginal sinus Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus lymph node subcortical sinus MA:0003027 lymph path Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus lymph sinus Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus marginal sinus of lymph node Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus subcapsular sinus Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus EHDAA2:0001760 EMAPA:16545 FMA:18821 VHOG:0000523 embryonic right umbilical artery right umbilical artery embryonic right umbilical artery VHOG:0000523 A subdivision of an organism along the anterior-posterior axis in the pelvic region immediately posterior to the lumbar region and anterior to the caudal region. Sometimes an intermediate region is defined between the sacral and caudal. FMA:24228 SCTID:182344001 Wikipedia:Sacrum back of pelvis pelvic back posterior part of pelvis regio sacralis sacral part of pelvis croup hindquarter rump sacral region A subdivision of an organism along the anterior-posterior axis in the pelvic region immediately posterior to the lumbar region and anterior to the caudal region. Sometimes an intermediate region is defined between the sacral and caudal. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 back of pelvis FMA:24228 pelvic back FMA:24228 posterior part of pelvis FMA:24228 regio sacralis FMA:24228 FMA:TA sacral part of pelvis FMA:24228 croup Wikipedia:Rump_(animal) hindquarter Wikipedia:Rump_(animal) rump Wikipedia:Rump_(animal) Trunk part of spinal nerve, where dorsal and ventral roots meet to form the spinal nerve, before branching off to dorsal and ventral rami. EHDAA2:0001900 FMA:5929 spinal nerve (trunk) spinal neural trunk trunk of spinal nerve spinal nerve trunk Trunk part of spinal nerve, where dorsal and ventral roots meet to form the spinal nerve, before branching off to dorsal and ventral rami. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 spinal nerve (trunk) FMA:5929 spinal neural trunk FMA:5929 trunk of spinal nerve FMA:5929 Either of the two lateral lobes that constitute the thymus. FMA:71193 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002021 lateral lobe of thymus lobe of thymus thymus subunit thymus lobe Either of the two lateral lobes that constitute the thymus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lateral lobe of thymus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lobe of thymus FMA:71193 A valve leaflet that is part of a tricuspid valve. EMAPA:18630 FMA:7237 MA:0003180 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002082 SCTID:276830008 VHOG:0000821 leaflet of tricuspid valve tricuspid valve leaflet tricuspid valve leaflets tricuspid valvular leaflet tricuspid valve leaflet A valve leaflet that is part of a tricuspid valve. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 leaflet of tricuspid valve FMA:7237 tricuspid valve leaflet FMA:7237 tricuspid valve leaflets VHOG:0000821 tricuspid valvular leaflet FMA:7237 A venous channel found between layers of dura mater in the brain. Receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. EHDAA2:0002169 EHDAA:6491 EMAPA:18634 FMA:50762 MA:0002113 NCIT:C102627 SCTID:54944003 VHOG:0001004 Wikipedia:Dural_venous_sinuses cranial dural venous sinus dural sinus dural vein dural venous sinus venous dural venous dural sinus s. durae matris venous dural sinus A venous channel found between layers of dura mater in the brain. Receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. Wikipedia:Dural_venous_sinuses cranial dural venous sinus FMA:50762 dural sinus FMA:50762 dural vein MA:0002113 dural venous sinus FMA:50762 venous dural EHDAA:6491 venous dural sinus EHDAA2:0002169 s. durae matris Wikipedia:Dural_venous_sinuses The paired veins that carry blood from the yolk sac back to the embryo. EMAPA:36021 FMA:70305 NCIT:C34329 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002209 SCTID:2730004 SCTID:308832003 VHOG:0000401 Wikipedia:Vitelline_veins XAO:0000376 XAO:0004147 embryonic vitelline vein vascular vitelline network vena vitellina omphalomesenteric vein vein of omphalomesenteric system vitelline veins vitelline vein The paired veins that carry blood from the yolk sac back to the embryo. MGI:csmith MP:0010666 embryonic vitelline vein VHOG:0000401 vascular vitelline network XAO:0004147 vena vitellina Wikipedia:Vitelline_veins omphalomesenteric vein EMAPA:16244 vitelline veins XAO:0004147 Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the glossopharyngeal ganglion. EHDAA2:0000714 EHDAA:660 TAO:0007066 ZFA:0007066 glossopharyngeal neural crest Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the glossopharyngeal ganglion. ZFA:0007066 Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. EHDAA2:0001257 EHDAA:2873 EHDAA:912 EMAPA:16166 TAO:0001435 VHOG:0000513 ZFA:0001435 lateral wall neural tube neural tube lateral wall Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. ZFA:0001435 lateral wall neural tube ZFA:0001435 EFO:0003643 EHDAA:257 EMAPA:16074 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 TAO:0001178 VHOG:0001372 XAO:0004091 ZFA:0001178 non neural ectoderm epidermal ectoderm epithelial ectoderm surface ectoderm ventral ectoderm Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998). non-neural ectoderm non neural ectoderm ZFA:0001178 epidermal ectoderm https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest epithelial ectoderm https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest surface ectoderm https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest ventral ectoderm ZFA:0001178 Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. EHDAA2:0001512 EHDAA:424 EHDAA:436 EMAPA:16215 FMA:321916 SCTID:361522004 TAO:0000149 Wikipedia:Primitive_heart_tube ZFA:0000149 primitive heart tube early primitive heart tube primitive heart tube Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. ZFA:0000149 primitive heart tube EMAPA:16215 early primitive heart tube EMAPA:16208 A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. EMAPA:32819 EMAPA:35364 future hindbrain lateral wall rhombomere lateral wall A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. OBOL:automatic future hindbrain lateral wall EMAPA:35364 A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production[ZFA]. [PMID]. EFO:0003622 EHDAA2:0002023 EHDAA:2969 EMAPA:17523 TAO:0001077 ZFA:0001077 thymic primordium thymic rudiment thymus primordium A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production[ZFA]. [PMID]. ZFA:0001077 thymic primordium OBOL:automatic thymic rudiment ZFA:0001077 Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. EFO:0003484 EHDAA2:0002083 EHDAA:667 EMAPA:16170 TAO:0000080 VHOG:0000269 ZFA:0000080 trigeminal neural crest Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. ZFA:0000080 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. EFO:0003651 EHDAA:5927 EMAPA:17204 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 TAO:0001262 WBbt:0008366 ZFA:0001262 future gonad gonadal primordium primitive gonad undifferentiated gonad immature gonad gonad primordium Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. ZFA:0001262 future gonad http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gonadal primordium ZFA:0001262 primitive gonad http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 undifferentiated gonad ZFA:0001262 immature gonad http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Cranial neural crest that gives rise to the facio-acoustic ganglion. EHDAA2:0000492 EHDAA:658 EMAPA:16312 TAO:0000762 VHOG:0000268 ZFA:0000762 facio acoustic neural crest facio-acoustic neural crest Cranial neural crest that gives rise to the facio-acoustic ganglion. ZFA:0000762 facio acoustic neural crest ZFA:0000762 Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. EHDAA2:0003437 EMAPA:16172 XAO:0000313 occipital somite cranial somite head somite Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. PMID:11830559 occipital somite PMID:11830559 XAO:0000313 cranial somite XAO:0000313 A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. AAO:0011059 EFO:0002578 EMAPA:36007 XAO:0001002 lateral diverticula lung diverticulum lung endoderm lung primordium A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. XAO:0001002 lateral diverticula XAO:0001002 lung diverticulum AAO:3010717 lung endoderm EFO:0002578 A somite that is part of a trunk. AAO:0010385 EHDAA2:0003438 EMAPA:16184 XAO:0000314 trunk somite A somite that is part of a trunk. OBOL:automatic The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. EHDAA2:0000416 EHDAA:3001 EMAPA:17025 MA:0001618 NCIT:C34142 VHOG:0000352 Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery dorsal mesentery dorsal mesogastrium The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum. Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery dorsal mesentery Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery EMAPA:16844 MA:0001636 VHOG:0000215 extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct hepatic duct extrahepatic part extrahepatic part of hepatic duct extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct VHOG:0000215 hepatic duct extrahepatic part MA:0001636 EHDAA2:0000789 EHDAA:4733 EMAPA:17302 FMA:312291 MA:0000272 VHOG:0001477 hyaloid cavity Any of the arteries that arise from a bifurcation of the aorta supplying the pelvic or abdomen. Examples: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery. BTO:0004665 EHDAA:2551 EMAPA:17309 MA:0001971 MESH:D007083 NCIT:C12733 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000807 SCTID:244330006 Wikipedia:Iliac_artery XAO:0000361 galen:IliacArtery iliac artery Any of the arteries that arise from a bifurcation of the aorta supplying the pelvic or abdomen. Examples: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery. Wikipedia:Iliac_artery https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any of the three veins including the common, external and internal iliac veins. EHDAA2:0000811 MA:0002142 MESH:D007084 NCIT:C12734 SCTID:281481002 pelvic vein iliac vein Any of the three veins including the common, external and internal iliac veins. ncithesaurus:Iliac_Vein EHDAA2:0000936 EHDAA:404 EMAPA:16205 MA:0000478 SCTID:361403005 VHOG:0000484 left dorsal aorta A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. lens epithelium EHDAA2:0000984 EHDAA:9059 EMAPA:17304 EMAPA:17839 FMA:70612 MA:0001302 NCIT:C33641 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000976 SCTID:362521008 VHOG:0001425 lens subcapsular epithelium subcapsular lens epithelium anterior epithelium of lens vesicle anterior surface of lens lens anterior epithelium A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lens subcapsular epithelium http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm subcapsular lens epithelium FMA:70612 anterior epithelium of lens vesicle EMAPA:17304 anterior surface of lens FMA:58889 Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines. BTO:0000779 EHDAA2:0001123 EHDAA:4343 EMAPA:17312 MA:0002003 MESH:D008638 NCIT:C52975 SCTID:281084003 VHOG:0001117 Wikipedia:Mesenteric_artery XAO:0000370 mesenteric artery Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines. MESH:A07.231.114.565 Wikipedia:Mesenteric_artery A vein that returns blood from the intestines. BTO:0002781 EHDAA:4442 EMAPA:17348 MA:0002177 MESH:D008642 NCIT:C53055 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001125 SCTID:304045008 Wikipedia:Mesenteric_vein intestinal vein mesenteric vein A vein that returns blood from the intestines. MESH:A07.231.908.670.385 Wikipedia:Mesenteric_vein intestinal vein http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The outgrowths of the embryonic maxillary prominences that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate. EHDAA2:0001364 EHDAA:9283 EMAPA:17362 FMA:295948 MA:0001581 VHOG:0000378 lateral palatine process palatal shelf secondary palatal shelf palatal shelves palatine shelf secondary palatal shelf The outgrowths of the embryonic maxillary prominences that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelves http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html lateral palatine process http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelf palatal shelf MA:0001581 palatal shelves palatine shelf VHOG:0000378 EHDAA2:0001720 EHDAA:406 EMAPA:16206 MA:0000479 SCTID:361404004 VHOG:0000485 right dorsal aorta The valves that gate the flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. EHDAA2:0001823 EHDAA:4408 EMAPA:35760 MA:0002790 VHOG:0001393 semilunar valve semilunar valves semi-lunar valve The valves that gate the flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. MGI:pvb MP:0002746 semilunar valve MA:0002790 semilunar valves MA:0002790 Artery that supplies blood to the adrenal glands. EHDAA2:0001965 EHDAA:8596 MA:0001914 NCIT:C33708 SCTID:181342004 Wikipedia:Adrenal_artery ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Artery adrenal artery suprarenal artery Artery that supplies blood to the adrenal glands. Wikipedia:Adrenal_artery adrenal artery MA:0001914 Wikipedia:Adrenal_artery The cavity formed by the tubotympanic recess epithelium. EHDAA2:0002095 cavity of tubotympanic recess tubotympanic recess cavity tubotympanic recess space tubotympanic recess tubotympanic recess lumen The cavity formed by the tubotympanic recess epithelium. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tubotympanic recess EHDAA2:0002095 Portion of ventral mesentery closest to the stomach. EHDAA2:0002176 EHDAA:3005 EMAPA:17026 MA:0001621 NCIT:C34327 TAO:0005133 VHOG:0000351 ZFA:0005133 foregut ventral mesentery "The primitive gut is enveloped by a mesentery that has a dorsal and a ventral aspect. The ventral mesentery degenerates during development with the exception of the foregut ventral mesentery, which develops into specialized structures (see foregut embryology)." [http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/embryology/gi/pgm.htm]. todo - check ventral mesogastrium Portion of ventral mesentery closest to the stomach. Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery foregut ventral mesentery Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part. AEO:0000219 EHDAA2:0004112 EMAPA:35904 FMA:5900 XAO:0004143 plexus vasculosus vascular plexus A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=70052 plexus vasculosus Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. EHDAA2:0004714 FMA:305915 SCTID:362840007 extraembryonic membrane Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. ISBN:0073040584 An epithelium that is part of a caecum. EHDAA2:0000209 caecum epithelium An epithelium that is part of a caecum. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a pylorus. EHDAA2:0001582 EMAPA:17633 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001927 pyloric region epithelium An epithelium that is part of a pylorus. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. EHDAA2:0000130 anterior chamber epithelium An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 5. EHDAA2:0000536 EMAPA:17442 fore limb digit 5 epithelium manual digit V epithelium hand digit 5 epithelium manual digit 5 epithelium An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 5. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 5 epithelium OBOL:accepted manual digit V epithelium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 5 epithelium NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 5. EHDAA2:0002058 EMAPA:17473 hind limb digit 5 epithelium pedal digit V epithelium foot digit 5 epithelium pedal digit 5 epithelium An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 5. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 5 epithelium OBOL:accepted pedal digit V epithelium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 5 epithelium NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. EHDAA2:0000987 EMAPA:17165 VHOG:0000532 lens vesicle epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a secondary palatal shelf. EHDAA2:0001365 EMAPA:17363 FMA:312465 VHOG:0001040 palatal shelf epithelium secondary palatal shelf epithelium An epithelium that is part of a secondary palatal shelf. OBOL:automatic palatal shelf epithelium VHOG:0001040 An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2. EHDAA2:0000055 EMAPA:16277 EMAPA:16397 EMAPA:16398 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000064 VHOG:0001062 2nd pharyngeal arch ectoderm 2nd arch ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2. OBOL:automatic 2nd pharyngeal arch ectoderm VHOG:0001062 An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3. EHDAA2:0000072 EMAPA:16400 EMAPA:16582 EMAPA:16584 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000079 VHOG:0000946 3rd pharyngeal arch ectoderm 3rd arch ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3. OBOL:automatic 3rd pharyngeal arch ectoderm VHOG:0000946 An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. EHDAA2:0004032 EMAPA:16762 EMAPA:16764 EMAPA:16768 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000094 VHOG:0001095 4th pharyngeal arch ectoderm 4th arch ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. OBOL:automatic 4th pharyngeal arch ectoderm VHOG:0001095 An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2. EHDAA2:0000061 EMAPA:16274 EMAPA:16276 EMAPA:16278 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000065 VHOG:0001108 2nd pharyngeal arch endoderm 2nd arch endoderm An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2. OBOL:automatic 2nd pharyngeal arch endoderm VHOG:0001108 An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3. EHDAA2:0000075 EMAPA:16401 EMAPA:16585 EMAPA:16587 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000080 VHOG:0001081 3rd pharyngeal arch endoderm 3rd arch endoderm An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3. OBOL:automatic 3rd pharyngeal arch endoderm VHOG:0001081 An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. EHDAA2:0004033 EMAPA:16765 EMAPA:16767 EMAPA:16769 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000095 VHOG:0001092 4th pharyngeal arch endoderm 4th arch endoderm An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. OBOL:automatic 4th pharyngeal arch endoderm VHOG:0001092 EHDAA2:0000314 connecting stalk mesoderm A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity. peritoneum BTO:0003156 EHDAA2:0001447 EMAPA:16139 FMA:18147 SCTID:34073007 mesothelium of peritoneal component mesothelium of peritoneum peritoneal mesothelium peritoneum mesothelium peritoneal cavity mesothelium A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity. OBOL:automatic peritoneum EMAPA:16139 mesothelium of peritoneal component EMAPA:16139 mesothelium of peritoneum FMA:18147 peritoneal mesothelium BTO:0003156 EMAPA:16139 peritoneum mesothelium FMA:18147 An endothelium that is part of a right lung. EHDAA2:0001755 right lung endothelium An endothelium that is part of a right lung. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a left lung. EHDAA2:0000961 left lung endothelium An endothelium that is part of a left lung. OBOL:automatic A mesentery that is part of a caecum. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000210 caecum mesentery A mesentery that is part of a caecum. OBOL:automatic A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut. EMAPA:16722 EMAPA:17040 EMAPA:18671 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001187 SCTID:361434009 midgut dorsal mesentery A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut. OBOL:automatic A dorsal mesentery that is part of a caecum. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000208 caecum dorsal mesentery A dorsal mesentery that is part of a caecum. OBOL:automatic An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. cavity of lens lens cavity EHDAA2:0000986 EMAPA:17164 VHOG:0000531 cavity of lens vesicle lens vesicle cavity An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. OBOL:automatic lens cavity EHDAA2:0000986 cavity of lens vesicle EMAPA:17164 Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2. EHDAA2:0000066 EHDAA:625 EMAPA:16279 FMA:295698 VHOG:0001102 2nd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme 2nd branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 2 mesenchyme 2nd arch mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2. OBOL:automatic 2nd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme VHOG:0001102 Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3. EHDAA2:0000081 EHDAA:1094 EMAPA:16402 FMA:295700 VHOG:0001083 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme 3rd branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 3 mesenchyme 3rd arch mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3. OBOL:automatic 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme VHOG:0001083 Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. EHDAA2:0000096 EHDAA:1677 EMAPA:16770 FMA:295702 VHOG:0001052 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme 4th branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme 4th arch mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4. OBOL:automatic 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme VHOG:0001052 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 5. EHDAA2:0000537 EMAPA:17443 fore limb digit 5 mesenchyme manual digit V mesenchyme hand digit 5 mesenchyme manual digit 5 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 5. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 5 mesenchyme OBOL:accepted manual digit V mesenchyme https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 5 mesenchyme NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 5. EHDAA2:0002059 EMAPA:17474 hind limb digit 5 mesenchyme pedal digit V mesenchyme foot digit 5 mesenchyme pedal digit 5 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 5. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 5 mesenchyme OBOL:accepted pedal digit V mesenchyme https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 5 mesenchyme NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. EHDAA:942 EMAPA:16324 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001310 VHOG:0001073 optic eminence mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing secondary palatal shelf. EHDAA2:0001366 EHDAA:9287 EMAPA:17364 VHOG:0001063 palatal shelf mesenchyme secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing secondary palatal shelf. OBOL:automatic palatal shelf mesenchyme VHOG:0001063 A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut. EHDAA2:0000564 foregut duodenum mesentery A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut. OBOL:automatic A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut. EHDAA2:0001193 midgut duodenum mesentery A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut. OBOL:automatic An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a footplate. EHDAA2:0000547 EMAPA:17251 footplate apical ectodermal ridge An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a footplate. OBOL:automatic A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. EHDAA2:0000776 EMAPA:18632 VHOG:0001322 rhombencephalon venous system hindbrain venous system A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. OBOL:automatic rhombencephalon venous system VHOG:0001322 A mesoderm that has the potential to develop into a pronephros. AAO:0011090 EFO:0003479 TAO:0000067 VHOG:0001239 XAO:0000264 ZFA:0000067 pronephric anlage pronephric bulge pronephric mesenchyme pronephric primordium the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", PMID:10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney pronephric mesoderm A mesoderm that has the potential to develop into a pronephros. OBOL:automatic pronephric anlage XAO:0000264 pronephric bulge XAO:0000264 pronephric mesenchyme XAO:0000264 pronephric primordium XAO:0000264 A sensory system that is capable of olfaction (the sensory perception of smell). AAO:0000334 AAO:0000978 BILA:0000144 EFO:0001973 EMAPA:36004 FMA:7190 MA:0002445 NCIT:C94501 NLXANAT:090806 SCTID:362290002 TAO:0001149 Wikipedia:Olfactory_system XAO:0003196 ZFA:0001149 olfactory system A sensory system that is capable of olfaction (the sensory perception of smell). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 BILA:0000139 chemosensory system EHDAA2:0000474 EMAPA:31862 EMAPA:31863 FMA:296719 VHOG:0000616 extra-embryonic mesoderm extraembryonic mesenchyme extraembryonic mesoderm A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme. TAO:0001453 ZFA:0001453 pectoral appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm pectoral fin field pectoral appendage field A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic pectoral fin field ZFA:0001453 A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme. TAO:0001454 ZFA:0001454 pelvic appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm pelvic fin field pelvic appendage field A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic pelvic fin field ZFA:0001454 A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm paired limb/fin field paired limb/fin field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. ISBN:9780878932504 A ring of cells capable of forming a limb. limb field of lateral plate mesoderm the central portion of the limb field gives rise to the limb proper. mesenchyme cells proliferate from from the somatic layer of limb field lateral plate mesoderm (limb skeletal precursors) and from the somites (limb muscle precursors) . these mesenchymal cells accumulate under the ectedermal tissue to make a limb bud. // The lateral plate mesoderm in the limb field is also special in that it will induce myoblasts to migrate out from the somites and enter the limb bud. No other region of the lateral plate mesoderm will do that (Hayashi and Ozawa 1995) limb field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb. ISBN:9780878932504 The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. BTO:0002010 EMAPA:36299 NCIT:C33818 SCTID:61066005 Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) adventitia externa tunica adventitia tunica adventitia of vessel external coat tunica adventitia vasorum tunica externa vasorum tunica adventitia of blood vessel The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) adventitia externa Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) tunica adventitia Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) tunica adventitia of vessel Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) external coat Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) tunica adventitia vasorum Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) tunica externa vasorum Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels) A tunica intima that is part of a artery. EMAPA:36293 EV:0100028 FMA:14272 SCTID:40022005 galen:IntimaOfArtery arterial intima tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) tunica intima of artery A tunica intima that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic arterial intima EV:0100028 tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) FMA:14272 An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. BTO:0002010 FMA:45635 SCTID:30180000 Wikipedia:Adventitia tunica advetitia tunica externa adventitia An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. Wikipedia:Adventitia tunica advetitia Wikipedia:Adventitia tunica externa FMA:45635 Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. foramen AAO:0010438 TAO:0001736 VHOG:0001760 ZFA:0005386 bone foramen Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. TAO:curator foramen ZFA:0005386 The capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP]. EMAPA:28239 Wikipedia:Glomerulus glomerular capillary tuft glomerulus glomerular tuft The capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP]. MP:0005325 Wikipedia:Glomerulus http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron glomerulus EMAPA:28239 The metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. caudal portion of nephrogenic cord caudal region of nephrogenic cord rear part of nephrogenic cord rear portion of nephrogenic cord caudal part of nephrogenic cord The metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron caudal portion of nephrogenic cord OBOL:automatic caudal region of nephrogenic cord OBOL:automatic rear part of nephrogenic cord OBOL:automatic rear portion of nephrogenic cord Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. rostral part of nephrogenic cord The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. FMA:63871 acellular membrane An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. OBOL:automatic An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. AAO:0010596 FMA:63872 GAID:915 NCIT:C13191 SCTID:68989006 Wikipedia:Basement_membrane basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis basement membrane basement membrane of epithelium An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. Wikipedia:Basement_membrane http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 basement membrane of connective tissue FMA:63872 membrana basalis Wikipedia:Basement_membrane basement membrane FMA:63872 The layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter. GBM EMAPA:28251 EMAPA:30965 FMA:74274 MA:0001659 NCIT:C32683 SCTID:243897006 TAO:0005285 Wikipedia:Glomerular_basement_membrane ZFA:0005285 glomerular capillary basement membrane glomerular filtration membrane glomerular basement membrane The layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter. MGI:anna MP:0011348 GBM glomerular capillary basement membrane MA:0001659 glomerular filtration membrane ZFA:0005285 Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the glomerular capillary. FMA:74277 NCIT:C32920 TAO:0005287 ZFA:0005287 internal layer of glomerular basement membrane lamina interna of glomerular basement membrane lamina rara interna Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the glomerular capillary. ZFIN:curator internal layer of glomerular basement membrane FMA:74277 lamina interna of glomerular basement membrane FMA:74277 Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. EHDAA2:0001242 EHDAA:1015 EMAPA:16368 VHOG:0001240 nephric cord nephric ridge Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter27/custom2/deluxe-content.html nephric cord VHOG:0001240 FMA:72173 SCTID:255782009 fetal uterus embryonic uterus fetal uterus FMA:72173 Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. FMA:13087 NCIT:C34027 SCTID:119203005 aortic section aortic segment portion of aorta segment of aorta section of aorta Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. ncithesaurus:Aortic_Segment aortic segment FMA:13087 segment of aorta FMA:13087 The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. AAO:0011029 BTO:0004673 EHDAA:402 EMAPA:18606 SCTID:338637006 TAO:0000014 VHOG:0000264 Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta XAO:0000051 ZFA:0000014 DA aorta dorsalis aortae dorsales dorsal aorta root dorsal aortae dorsal aortic root dorsal aortæ dorsal aorta The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. GO:0035907 https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/8525/ DA ZFA:0000014 aorta dorsalis XAO:0000051 aortae dorsales Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta dorsal aorta root VHOG:0000264 dorsal aortae Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta dorsal aortic root VHOG:0000264 dorsal aortæ Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. FMA:45628 MESH:D011168 NCIT:C33344 SCTID:362063001 Wikipedia:Portal_venous_system portal venous system portal system In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. Wikipedia:Portal_venous_system portal venous system FMA:45628 A bone tissue that is part of a long bone. FMA:83117 SCTID:425475006 osseous tissue of long bone bone tissue of long bone A bone tissue that is part of a long bone. OBOL:automatic osseous tissue of long bone FMA:83117 A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth on an anatomical surface, such as bones, skin, or within the lungs (in the case of tuberculosis). They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP]. AAO:0010605 BTO:0002173 FMA:75429 Wikipedia:Tubercle_(anatomy) tuber tubercle A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth on an anatomical surface, such as bones, skin, or within the lungs (in the case of tuberculosis). They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP]. Wikipedia:Tubercle_(anatomy) A vertebral arch that is part of the first cervical vertebra. FMA:23975 SCTID:272708001 Wikipedia:Arch_of_the_atlas atlas arch arch of atlas A vertebral arch that is part of the first cervical vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 atlas arch FMA:23975 A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a sacral region. BIRNLEX:1275 FMA:256623 MA:0003085 NCIT:C12896 SCTID:244438003 pars sacralis medullae spinalis sacral segment of spinal cord sacral segments of spinal cord [1-5] segmenta sacralia medullae spinalis [1-5] sacral spinal cord A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a sacral region. OBOL:automatic pars sacralis medullae spinalis FMA:256623 FMA:TA sacral segment of spinal cord FMA:256623 sacral segments of spinal cord [1-5] FMA:256623 segmenta sacralia medullae spinalis [1-5] FMA:256623 FMA:TA BIRNLEX:2665 FMA:62420 MA:0003080 SCTID:278748001 axial part of spinal cord axial regional part of spinal cord segment of spinal cord spinal neuromeres spinal cord segment axial part of spinal cord BIRNLEX:2665 axial regional part of spinal cord BIRNLEX:2665 segment of spinal cord FMA:62420 spinal neuromeres TAO:0001332 A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 EHDAA:8979 mesenchyme condensation developing mesenchymal condensation A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 mesenchyme condensation EMAPA:25351 Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. AEO:0000147 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003147 EMAPA:32731 VSAO:0000092 XAO:0004022 cartilage condensation cartilagenous condensation chondrogenic condensation cartilaginous condensation Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. GO:curator cartilage condensation EMAPA:25353 cartilagenous condensation EHDAA2:0003147 chondrogenic condensation VSAO:0000092 AEO:0000149 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003149 pre muscle mass premuscle mass pre-muscle condensation A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. AEO:0000150 EHDAA2:0003150 EMAPA:32736 pre-chondrogenic condensation precartilage condensation precartilagenous condensation prechondrogenic condensation pre-cartilage condensation A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. AEO:0000150 AEO:JB The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. EHDAA2:0001061 EHDAA:5871 EMAPA:17355 FMA:293051 NCIT:C34204 Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence mandibular process mandibular swelling prominentia mandibularis mandibular prominence The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010939 mandibular process Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence mandibular swelling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 prominentia mandibularis Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence The paired dorsal prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo that unite with the ipsilateral medial nasal process to form the upper jaw. EHDAA2:0001070 EHDAA:5877 EMAPA:17359 FMA:293049 NCIT:C34206 SCTID:346355001 Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence embryonic maxillary process maxillary process maxillary process of embryo prominentia maxilaris maxillary prominence The paired dorsal prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo that unite with the ipsilateral medial nasal process to form the upper jaw. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010940 maxillary process EHDAA2:0001070 prominentia maxilaris Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence An indentation of the olfactory placode which ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx[GO]. AAO:0011068 EFO:0003496 EHDAA2:0001295 EHDAA:4772 EMAPA:16800 FMA:295840 SCTID:361485001 Wikipedia:Nasal_pit XAO:0000275 XAO:0004073 nasal pit olfactory pit An indentation of the olfactory placode which ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx[GO]. GO:0060166 Wikipedia:Nasal_pit nasal pit XAO:0000275 A groove that is situated between the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch. EHDAA2:0000009 EHDAA:575 EMAPA:16119 VHOG:0000554 VHOG:0000969 1st arch branchial groove 1st arch groove ectoderm 1st pharyngeal groove 1st pharyngeal groove ectoderm branchial groove of 1st arch 1st branchial cleft 1st pharyngeal cleft 1st arch pharyngeal cleft A groove that is situated between the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch. ISBN:0124020607 VHOG:OG 1st arch branchial groove EHDAA2:0000008 1st arch groove ectoderm EHDAA2:0000009 1st pharyngeal groove VHOG:0000969 1st pharyngeal groove ectoderm VHOG:0000554 branchial groove of 1st arch EMAPA:16119 1st branchial cleft EMAPA:16119 1st pharyngeal cleft VHOG:0000969 A groove that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. EHDAA2:0000057 EHDAA:613 EMAPA:16396 VHOG:0000568 VHOG:0000972 2nd arch branchial groove 2nd arch groove ectoderm 2nd pharyngeal groove 2nd pharyngeal groove ectoderm branchial groove of 2nd arch 2nd branchial cleft 2nd pharyngeal cleft 2nd arch pharyngeal cleft A groove that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. ISBN:0124020607 VHOG:OG 2nd arch branchial groove EHDAA2:0000054 2nd arch groove ectoderm EHDAA2:0000057 2nd pharyngeal groove VHOG:0000972 2nd pharyngeal groove ectoderm VHOG:0000568 branchial groove of 2nd arch EMAPA:16396 2nd branchial cleft EMAPA:16396 2nd pharyngeal cleft VHOG:0000972 A groove that is situated between the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch. EHDAA2:0000074 EHDAA:1082 EMAPA:16581 VHOG:0000572 VHOG:0000973 3rd arch branchial groove 3rd arch groove ectoderm 3rd pharyngeal groove 3rd pharyngeal groove ectoderm branchial groove of 3rd arch 3rd branchial cleft 3rd pharyngeal cleft 3rd arch pharyngeal cleft A groove that is situated between the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch. ISBN:0124020607 VHOG:OG 3rd arch branchial groove EHDAA2:0000071 3rd arch groove ectoderm EHDAA2:0000074 3rd pharyngeal groove VHOG:0000973 3rd pharyngeal groove ectoderm VHOG:0000572 branchial groove of 3rd arch EMAPA:16581 3rd branchial cleft EMAPA:16581 3rd pharyngeal cleft VHOG:0000973 A groove that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch. EHDAA2:0000089 EHDAA:1665 EMAPA:16761 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000088 VHOG:0000577 VHOG:0000968 4th arch branchial groove 4th arch pharyngeal groove ectoderm 4th pharyngeal groove 4th pharyngeal groove ectoderm branchial groove of 4th arch 4th branchial cleft 4th pharyngeal cleft 4th arch pharyngeal cleft A groove that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch. ISBN:0124020607 VHOG:OG 4th arch branchial groove RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000088 4th arch pharyngeal groove ectoderm EHDAA2:0000089 4th pharyngeal groove VHOG:0000968 4th pharyngeal groove ectoderm VHOG:0000577 branchial groove of 4th arch EMAPA:16761 4th branchial cleft EMAPA:16761 4th pharyngeal cleft VHOG:0000968 The embryonic anlage of the external genitalia, which emerges as paired swellings ventral to the cloacal membrane, is proposed to be derived from all three germ layers, and gives rise to the penis, clitoris, scrotum, labia, and foreskin. EHDAA2:0000705 EHDAA:5925 EMAPA:17382 FMA:302888 SCTID:308798005 VHOG:0000583 Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle undifferentiated genital tubercle genital tubercle phallic tubercle tuberculum genitale tuberculum phallicum undifferentiated genital tubercle The embryonic anlage of the external genitalia, which emerges as paired swellings ventral to the cloacal membrane, is proposed to be derived from all three germ layers, and gives rise to the penis, clitoris, scrotum, labia, and foreskin. MGI:anna MP:0011771 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1230 undifferentiated genital tubercle VHOG:0000583 genital tubercle EMAPA:17382 tuberculum genitale Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle tuberculum phallicum Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle An external pocketing of pharyngeal ectoderm that contacts a region of endoderm (a pharyngeal pouch) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions by the pharyngeal arches. pharyngeal groove AAO:0010623 EMAPA:32750 FMA:295672 NCIT:C34250 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove pharyngeal groove ectoderm gill cleft Kiemenspalten branchial cleft branchial groove pharyngeal ectodermal cleft pharyngeal slit sulcus pharyngei pharyngeal cleft An external pocketing of pharyngeal ectoderm that contacts a region of endoderm (a pharyngeal pouch) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions by the pharyngeal arches. PMID:23020903 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pharyngeal groove Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove pharyngeal groove ectoderm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 branchial cleft Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove branchial groove AAO:0010623 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove pharyngeal slit sulcus pharyngei Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis. digit or predigit limb outgrowth encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review autopodial extension A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of skeleton that supports pharyngeal arch 2. AAO:0000665 AAO:0010370 TAO:0001276 XAO:0003177 ZFA:0001276 hyoid arch skeleton pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton hyoid bars hyoid arch visceral arch 2 hyoid arch skeleton A subdivision of skeleton that supports pharyngeal arch 2. OBOL:automatic hyoid arch skeleton ZFA:0001276 pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton ZFA:0001276 hyoid bars TAO:0001276 hyoid arch TAO:0001276 visceral arch 2 TAO:0001276 The epithelial lining of the surface of the coelom. Wikipedia:Coelomic_epithelium XAO:0000329 celomic epithelium germinal epithelium of Waldeyer coelomic epithelium The epithelial lining of the surface of the coelom. Wikipedia:Coelomic_epithelium XAO:0000329 germinal epithelium of Waldeyer Wikipedia:Coelomic_epithelium A bone that is part of the region of the hindlimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. Counter-examples: any pes phalanx. MA:0000670 MESH:D007867 leg bone A bone that is part of the region of the hindlimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. Counter-examples: any pes phalanx. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of the manus skeleton. Note that this includes the carpal bones. EMAPA:35391 MA:0000619 SCTID:426741001 bone of hand bone of hand skeleton bone of manus bone of pectoral limb autopod bone of pectoral limb autopodium forelimb autopod bone forelimb autopodium bone hand bone manus bone A bone that is part of the manus skeleton. Note that this includes the carpal bones. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hand bone MA:0000619 A bone that is part of the pes skeleton. EMAPA:35354 GAID:192 MA:0000643 MESH:D005529 NCIT:C13068 SCTID:361371005 bone of foor proper or tarsal skeleton bone of foot bone of pedal skeleton bone of pes foot bone pes bone A bone that is part of the pes skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 foot bone MA:0000643 Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. AAO:0010199 BTO:0004675 FMA:49187 SCTID:362618001 TAO:0001414 XAO:0003173 ZFA:0001414 neuronames:2431 basicranial region occipital part of head occipital region of head back of head occipital region Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles. TAO:0001414 UBERONREF:0000007 basicranial region ZFA:0001414 occipital part of head FMA:49187 occipital region of head FMA:49187 back of head FMA:49187 Each seminal vesicle consists of a single tube, coiled upon itself, and giving off several irregular cecal diverticula; the separate coils, as well as the diverticula, are connected together by fibrous tissue. When uncoiled, the tube is about the diameter of a quill, and varies in length from 10 to 15 cm.; it ends posteriorly in a cul-de-sac; its anterior extremity becomes constricted into a narrow straight duct called the excretory duct of seminal gland (or duct of the seminal vesicle), which joins with the corresponding ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct[WP]. EMAPA:29282 FMA:19473 SCTID:279675008 Wikipedia:Excretory_duct_of_seminal_gland ductus excretorius (vesicula seminalis) ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae excretory duct of seminal gland seminal vesicle duct ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae duct of seminal vesicle Each seminal vesicle consists of a single tube, coiled upon itself, and giving off several irregular cecal diverticula; the separate coils, as well as the diverticula, are connected together by fibrous tissue. When uncoiled, the tube is about the diameter of a quill, and varies in length from 10 to 15 cm.; it ends posteriorly in a cul-de-sac; its anterior extremity becomes constricted into a narrow straight duct called the excretory duct of seminal gland (or duct of the seminal vesicle), which joins with the corresponding ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct[WP]. Wikipedia:Excretory_duct_of_seminal_gland ductus excretorius (vesicula seminalis) FMA:19473 ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae FMA:19473 FMA:TA excretory duct of seminal gland FMA:19473 seminal vesicle duct FMA:19473 ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae Wikipedia:Excretory_duct_of_seminal_gland Any of the ducts that are part of a male reproductive system. duct of male reproductive system Any of the ducts that are part of a male reproductive system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. FMA:9689 SCTID:362890006 See notes for serous membrane serous sac Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. FMA:9689 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. FMA:69065 endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium endo-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. FMA:69065 FMA:10483 bone organ zone zone of bone organ bone organ zone FMA:10483 A naris that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing. naris AAO:0000024 AAO:0000983 AAO:0010358 EHDAA2:0001275 EHDAA:9085 EMAPA:17848 FMA:59645 MA:0001320 NCIT:C33178 SCTID:276165005 TAO:0000550 VHOG:0000544 Wikipedia:Nostril XAO:0003033 ZFA:0000550 external nares nostril blowhole anterior nares anterior naris external naris A naris that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing. Wikipedia:Nostril http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 naris ZFA:0000550 external nares nostril FMA:59645 XAO:0003033 blowhole Wikipedia:Blowhole_(anatomy) anterior nares VHOG:0000544 anterior naris ZFA:0001427 Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. AAO:0000963 EMAPA:17214 MA:0000308 NCIT:C32172 SCTID:361725000 VSAO:0000056 Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton XAO:0004011 skeleton axiale axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. FMA:71221 VSAO:0000056 Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/44 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-axial-skeleton skeleton axiale Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton trabecula trabecular cartilage EFO:0003677 TAO:0001321 ZFA:0001321 neurocranial trabeculae neurocranial trabecula trabecula ZFA:0001321 trabecular cartilage ZFA:0001321 neurocranial trabeculae ZFA:0001321 An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium. FMA:14141 outflow part of atrium outflow tract of atrium An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium. OBOL:automatic outflow part of atrium FMA:14141 Anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminating in the pulmonary trunk. infundibulum FMA:7216 NCIT:C61368 SCTID:244379003 RVOT conus arteriosus (infundibulum) infundibulum of right ventricle outflow tract of right ventricle pulmonary conus right ventricle pulmonary outflow tract right ventricular outflow tract arterial cone conus arteriosus pulmonary cone pulmonary conus outflow part of right ventricle Anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminating in the pulmonary trunk. MP:0010428 infundibulum Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus RVOT MP:0010428 conus arteriosus (infundibulum) FMA:7216 infundibulum of right ventricle FMA:7216 MP:0010428 outflow tract of right ventricle FMA:7216 pulmonary conus FMA:7216 right ventricle pulmonary outflow tract MP:0010428 right ventricular outflow tract MP:0010428 arterial cone MP:0010428 conus arteriosus MP:0010428 pulmonary cone MP:0010428 pulmonary conus MP:0010428 Anterosuperior fibrous portion of the left ventricle that connects to the ascending aorta. FMA:9473 SCTID:264070001 Wikipedia:Aortic_vestibule LVOT Sibson vestibule aortic vestibule heart left ventricle outflow tract left ventricular outflow left ventricular outflow tract outflow tract of left ventricle vestibulum aortae outflow part of left ventricle Anterosuperior fibrous portion of the left ventricle that connects to the ascending aorta. MP:0010429 LVOT MP:0010429 Sibson vestibule MP:0010429 aortic vestibule FMA:9473 MP:0010429 heart left ventricle outflow tract MP:0010429 left ventricular outflow FMA:9473 left ventricular outflow tract HP:0011103 outflow tract of left ventricle FMA:9473 vestibulum aortae FMA:9473 FMA:TA Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]. FMA:9550 main part of right atrium outflow tract of right atrium outflow part of right atrium Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]. FMA:9550 FMA:FMA main part of right atrium FMA:9550 outflow tract of right atrium FMA:9550 An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. FMA:9551 main part of left atrium outflow tract of left atrium outflow part of left atrium An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. OBOL:automatic main part of left atrium FMA:9551 outflow tract of left atrium FMA:9551 A pore-like structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber of the eye through which aqueous humor circulates[MP]. BTO:0001605 CALOHA:TS-1058 EFO:0003077 EV:0100352 FMA:77660 GAID:897 MA:0003086 MESH:D014129 NCIT:C12803 SCTID:280694002 Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork eye trabecular meshwork reticulum trabeculare trabecular meshwork of the eye Hueck's ligament cribiform ligament iridis ligamentum peactin-tum iridis ligamentum pectinatum ligamentum pectinatum anguli iridocornealis ligamentum pectinatum iridis pectinate ligament pectinate ligament of iris reticulum trabeculare sclerae scleral trabeculae scleral trabecular scleral trabecule scribiform ligament trabecular mesh trabecular meshwork eye trabecular meshwork A pore-like structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber of the eye through which aqueous humor circulates[MP]. MP:0005203 Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork eye trabecular meshwork MA:0003086 reticulum trabeculare BTO:0001605 trabecular meshwork of the eye Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork Hueck's ligament BTO:0001605 cribiform ligament Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork iridis Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork ligamentum peactin-tum iridis Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork ligamentum pectinatum Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork ligamentum pectinatum anguli iridocornealis BTO:0001605 ligamentum pectinatum iridis Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork pectinate ligament BTO:0001605 pectinate ligament of iris BTO:0001605 reticulum trabeculare sclerae Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scleral trabeculae Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scleral trabecular Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scleral trabecule Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork scribiform ligament Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork trabecular mesh Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork trabecular meshwork BTO:0001605 GO:0002930 A sheet of somatopleure that grows upward over the embryo and eventually meets in the midline enclosing the embryo, eventually giving rise to the amnion and chorion[Kardong]. EMAPA:16076 amnionic fold amniotic fold A sheet of somatopleure that grows upward over the embryo and eventually meets in the midline enclosing the embryo, eventually giving rise to the amnion and chorion[Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 amnionic fold http://placentation.ucsd.edu/glossfs.html The vertical crest of the interior wall of the right atrium that lies to the right of the sinus of the vena cava and separates this from the remainder of the right atrium. FMA:9236 SCTID:277693004 Wikipedia:Crista_terminalis crista terminalis atrii dextri crista terminalis cordis crista terminalis of right atrium crista terminalis The vertical crest of the interior wall of the right atrium that lies to the right of the sinus of the vena cava and separates this from the remainder of the right atrium. MP:0010495 crista terminalis atrii dextri FMA:9236 FMA:TA crista terminalis cordis FMA:9236 crista terminalis of right atrium FMA:9236 The laminar structure of the heart. heart layer The laminar structure of the heart. MP:0010545 Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. MESH:D003331 Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation coronary vessel Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. MP:0010551 The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atrial myocardium. ZFA:0005810 atrial trabecula atrium myocardial trabeculae trabecula of atrium trabecular layer of atrium trabecular layer of the atrium atrium myocardial trabecula The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atrial myocardium. MP:0010581 ZFA:0005810 atrium myocardial trabeculae MP:0010581 trabecular layer of the atrium ZFA:0005810 The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. FMA:7136 SCTID:280151006 Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_septum membranous atrioventricular septum atrioventricular septum The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. MP:0010592 membranous atrioventricular septum FMA:7136 The three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the pulmonary valve. FMA:7248 cusp of pulmonary valve pulmonary semilunar valvule pulmonary valvular cusp semilunar cusp of pulmonary valve semilunar valvule of pulmonary valve pulmonary valve cusp The three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the pulmonary valve. MP:0010602 cusp of pulmonary valve FMA:7248 pulmonary semilunar valvule FMA:7248 pulmonary valvular cusp FMA:7248 semilunar cusp of pulmonary valve FMA:7248 semilunar valvule of pulmonary valve FMA:7248 The fibrous ring of the pulmonary valve that attaches the cusps of pulmonary valve to the wall of right ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps. FMA:9503 anulus of pulmonary valve fibrous ring of pulmonary valve pulmonary anulus pulmonary valvar anulus pulmonary valve anulus The fibrous ring of the pulmonary valve that attaches the cusps of pulmonary valve to the wall of right ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps. MP:0010606 anulus of pulmonary valve FMA:9503 fibrous ring of pulmonary valve FMA:9503 pulmonary anulus FMA:9503 pulmonary valvar anulus FMA:9503 The tendinous strands that connect the papillary muscles on the wall of the ventricles to the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves; the chordae tendineae serve to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing back into the atria. EMAPA:36322 FMA:12225 GAID:564 MESH:D002815 NCIT:C32307 SCTID:279330004 Wikipedia:Chordae_tendineae chordae tendinea chordae tendineae cordis chorda tendineae The tendinous strands that connect the papillary muscles on the wall of the ventricles to the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves; the chordae tendineae serve to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing back into the atria. MP:0010608 Wikipedia:Chordae_tendineae chordae tendinea FMA:12225 chordae tendineae cordis Wikipedia:Chordae_tendineae The fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps. FMA:9498 Wikipedia:Mitral_annulus anulus of mitral valve fibrous ring of mitral valve mitral annulus mitral anulus mitral valvar anulus mitral valve anulus The fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps. MP:0010613 anulus of mitral valve FMA:9498 fibrous ring of mitral valve FMA:9498 mitral annulus Wikipedia:Mitral_annulus mitral anulus FMA:9498 mitral valvar anulus FMA:9498 The two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve. mitral valve cusp The two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve. MP:0010614 The fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve that attaches the cusps of tricuspid valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior cusp (infundibular cusp), the posterior cusp (marginal cusp), and the septal cusp (medial cusp). FMA:9500 anulus of tricuspid valve fibrous ring of tricuspid valve tricuspid anulus tricuspid valvar anulus tricuspid valve anulus The fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve that attaches the cusps of tricuspid valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior cusp (infundibular cusp), the posterior cusp (marginal cusp), and the septal cusp (medial cusp). MP:0010621 anulus of tricuspid valve FMA:9500 fibrous ring of tricuspid valve FMA:9500 tricuspid anulus FMA:9500 tricuspid valvar anulus FMA:9500 The three fibrous triangular components and associated flaps of the tricuspid valve. FMA:7240 SCTID:261417002 cuspis septalis (valva tricuspidalis) cuspis septalis valvae atrioventricularis dextrae septal cusp of right atrioventricular valve septal cusp of tricuspid valve septal leaflet of right-sided tricuspid valve septal leaflet of tricuspid valve septal tricuspid leaflet tricuspid valve cusp The three fibrous triangular components and associated flaps of the tricuspid valve. MP:0010622 cuspis septalis (valva tricuspidalis) FMA:7240 FMA:TA cuspis septalis valvae atrioventricularis dextrae FMA:7240 FMA:TA septal cusp of right atrioventricular valve FMA:7240 septal cusp of tricuspid valve FMA:7240 septal leaflet of right-sided tricuspid valve https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 septal leaflet of tricuspid valve FMA:7240 septal tricuspid leaflet FMA:7240 The paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac from the dorsal aorta. EHDAA2:0002208 EMAPA:16207 Wikipedia:Vitelline_arteries Development notes:; the vitelline arteries give rise to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery in the adult[MP:0010664] vitelline artery The paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac from the dorsal aorta. MP:0010664 Wikipedia:Vitelline_arteries Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. Wikipedia:Skin_appendage body hair or bristle adnexae cutis skin adnexa skin adnexal structure skin appendage integumentary adnexa Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. http://code.google.com/p/caro2/issues/detail?id=5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 body hair or bristle GO:GO adnexae cutis Wikipedia:Skin_appendage skin adnexa Wikipedia:Skin_appendage skin appendage Wikipedia:Skin_appendage A ring of ribrous tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular and arterial orifices. BTO:0003628 FMA:9497 Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart anulus fibrosus of heart Lower's ring annulus fibrosus cordis anulus fibrosus cordis aortic annulus atrioventricular ring coronary tendon fibrous ring of heart fibrous ring of heart A ring of ribrous tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular and arterial orifices. Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 anulus fibrosus of heart FMA:9497 Lower's ring BTO:0003628 annulus fibrosus cordis Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart anulus fibrosus cordis Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart aortic annulus Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart atrioventricular ring BTO:0003628 coronary tendon BTO:0003628 fibrous ring of heart Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart The part of the heart valves that serves to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, 'bicuspid valve'). 'Nodules' are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP]. FMA:7232 NCIT:C33849 SCTID:30822008 Wikipedia:Cusps_of_heart_valves cardiac valve cusp cardiac valvular cusp cardiac valvule cardial valve cusp semilunar valvule cusp of cardiac valve The part of the heart valves that serves to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, 'bicuspid valve'). 'Nodules' are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP]. Wikipedia:Cusps_of_heart_valves cardiac valve cusp FMA:7232 cardiac valvular cusp FMA:7232 cardiac valvule FMA:7232 semilunar valvule FMA:7232 A digit that is part of a digit 1 plus metapodial segment. MA:0003023 autopod digit 1 digit I limb digit 1 dewclaw digit 1 A digit that is part of a digit 1 plus metapodial segment. OBOL:automatic digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 limb digit 1 MA:0003023 dewclaw Wikipedia:Dewclaw A digit that is part of a digit 5 plus metapodial segment. autopod digit 5 digit V fifth digit limb digit 5 digiti minimi digit 5 A digit that is part of a digit 5 plus metapodial segment. OBOL:automatic digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). multi-limb segment region A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A process projection from a part of the vertebra such as centrum or arches. Examples: transverse process, diapophyses, parapophyses, and zygapophyses (both the cranial zygapophyses and the caudal zygapophyses). AAO:0000739 FMA:24530 Wikipedia:Vertebral_column#Structure_of_individual_vertebrae vertebra process vertebral process spinous process process of vertebra A process projection from a part of the vertebra such as centrum or arches. Examples: transverse process, diapophyses, parapophyses, and zygapophyses (both the cranial zygapophyses and the caudal zygapophyses). Wikipedia:Vertebral_column#Structure_of_individual_vertebrae vertebral process FMA:24530 spinous process AAO:0000739 One of the cartilaginous structures surrounding the embryonic spinal cord, formed by the dorsal growth of the dorsolateral arcualia; it is the primordium of the vertebral arch. BTO:0001763 neural arch primordium cartilaginous neural arch One of the cartilaginous structures surrounding the embryonic spinal cord, formed by the dorsal growth of the dorsolateral arcualia; it is the primordium of the vertebral arch. BTO:0001763 Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod. FMA:50211 leg musculature muscle group of leg set of muscles of leg musculature of hindlimb zeugopod Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod. OBOL:automatic leg musculature FMA:50211 muscle group of leg FMA:50211 set of muscles of leg FMA:50211 That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. AAO:0000092 BTO:0004148 EHDAA2:0000238 EHDAA:5051 EMAPA:17215 FMA:24138 MA:0003154 NCIT:C69313 SCTID:260488005 axial skeleton cervical region cervical skeleton cervical spinal column cervical spine cervical vertebrae series cervical vertebral column skeletal system of neck cervical region of vertebral column That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ axial skeleton cervical region MA:0003154 cervical skeleton EHDAA2:0000238 cervical spinal column FMA:24138 cervical spine FMA:24138 cervical vertebral column FMA:24138 skeletal system of neck FMA:24138 That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. BTO:0004150 EHDAA:5063 EMAPA:17396 FMA:9140 MA:0003155 NCIT:C69315 SCTID:243931006 axial skeleton thoracic region columna vertebralis thoracicus thoracic spine thoracic vertebrae series thoracic vertebral column thoracic region of vertebral column That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ axial skeleton thoracic region MA:0003155 columna vertebralis thoracicus FMA:9140 thoracic spine FMA:9140 thoracic vertebral column FMA:9140 Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the lumbar subdivision of the body, containing the lumbar vertebrae. BTO:0004147 EHDAA2:0001037 EHDAA:5055 EMAPA:17393 FMA:16203 GAID:31 MA:0003156 NCIT:C69314 SCTID:243932004 axial skeleton lumbar region lumbar skeleton lumbar spine lumbar vertebrae series lumbar vertebral column lumbar region of vertebral column Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the lumbar subdivision of the body, containing the lumbar vertebrae. UBERONREF:0000006 axial skeleton lumbar region MA:0003156 lumbar skeleton EHDAA2:0001037 lumbar spine BTO:0004147 lumbar vertebral column FMA:16203 Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the sacral subdivision of the body, containing the sacral vertebrae or sacrum. AAO:0000724 EHDAA2:0001772 EHDAA:5059 EMAPA:17676 GAID:32 MA:0003157 Wikipedia:Sacrum axial skeleton sacral region sacral skeleton sacral vertebrae series sacrum sacral region of vertebral column Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the sacral subdivision of the body, containing the sacral vertebrae or sacrum. UBERONREF:0000006 axial skeleton sacral region MA:0003157 sacral skeleton EHDAA2:0001772 A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. FMA:16201 subdivision of vertebral skeleton vertebrae series vertebral column subdivision vertebral series vertebral region vertebral subdivision subdivision of vertebral column A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 subdivision of vertebral skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vertebral column subdivision FMA:16201 The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. mesonephric capsule The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099864 GO:0061285 GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 Missing definition for term UBERON:0006183. Please replace it using linked reference. mesonephric glomerular capillary Missing definition for term UBERON:0006183. Please replace it using linked reference. GO:0061249 Acute angle occurring between the iris and the cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye[MP]. FMA:58577 SCTID:244498000 anterior chamber angle iridocorneal angle Acute angle occurring between the iris and the cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye[MP]. MP:0004221 anterior chamber angle FMA:58577 The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. CALOHA:TS-2409 EHDAA2:0000136 EHDAA:2592 EMAPA:16827 VHOG:0000502 Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum aortico-pulmonary septum aorticopulmonary septum septum aorticopulmonale aortic septum spiral septum aortico-pulmonary spiral septum The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions. MP:0010650 Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum aortico-pulmonary septum Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum aorticopulmonary septum Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum septum aorticopulmonale Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum aortic septum Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum spiral septum Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum A collection of protruberances derived from pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 that develop into the folds of the pinna and gradually shift upwards and backwards to their final position on the head. EHDAA2:0000155 EHDAA:4685 EMAPA:17280 NCIT:C34110 VHOG:0001364 auditory hillock of Hiss auditory tubercles auricular hillock hillock of Hiss auditory hillocks A collection of protruberances derived from pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 that develop into the folds of the pinna and gradually shift upwards and backwards to their final position on the head. Wikipedia:Pinna_(anatomy)#Development auditory tubercles VHOG:0001364 EHDAA2:0000179 EHDAA:3217 EMAPA:16893 body-wall mesenchyme The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. EHDAA2:0000189 EHDAA:536 EMAPA:16259 FMA:313607 SCTID:361412007 VHOG:0000380 Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane oral membrane oral plate oropharyngeal membrane pharyngeal membrane buccopharyngeal membrane The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. MP:0012521 oral membrane MP:0012521 oral plate MP:0012521 oropharyngeal membrane Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane pharyngeal membrane MP:0012521 A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a carpal bone. EHDAA2:0000221 EHDAA:8544 EMAPA:18102 VHOG:0001123 carpal cartilage condensation carpus cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a carpal bone. OBOL:automatic carpal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18102 A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a carpal bone. EHDAA2:0000222 EHDAA:6324 EMAPA:17724 VHOG:0000955 carpal pre-cartilage condensation carpus pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a carpal bone. OBOL:automatic carpal pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:17724 The posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system. DHBA:10664 EHDAA2:0000231 EMAPA:17074 TAO:0001440 Wikipedia:Rhombic_lips XAO:0004135 ZFA:0001440 cerebellar anlage cerebellar primordium cerebellum primordium dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon future cerebellum presumptive cerebellum rostral rhombic lip rhombic lip The posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system. MGI:anna MP:0012525 cerebellar anlage MGI:anna cerebellar primordium EMAPA:17074 cerebellum primordium EHDAA2:0000231 EMAPA:17074 dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon EMAPA:17074 future cerebellum http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 presumptive cerebellum MGI:anna rostral rhombic lip MGI:anna The membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings. EHDAA2:0000257 EHDAA:214 EHDAA:2933 EMAPA:16832 FMA:295525 NCIT:C34128 SCTID:308826008 VHOG:0001198 Wikipedia:Cloacal_membrane embryonic cloacal membrane membrana cloacalis cloacal membrane The membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings. MP:0011837 MP:anna Wikipedia:Cloacal_membrane membrana cloacalis Wikipedia:Cloacal_membrane EHDAA:1267 EMAPA:16342 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000268 common atrial chamber EHDAA2:0000340 EHDAA:6002 EMAPA:17749 deltoid pre-muscle mass The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon. EFO:0003442 EHDAA2:0000600 EHDAA:844 EMAPA:16514 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000386 TAO:0000574 ZFA:0000574 presumptive diencephalon future diencephalon The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Diencephalon presumptive diencephalon TAO:0000574 EHDAA2:0000431 EHDAA:8483 EMAPA:17710 elbow joint primordium EHDAA2:0000456 EHDAA:8363 EMAPA:18023 FMA:312597 ethmoid bone primordium EHDAA:1477 EMAPA:16660 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000496 facio-acoustic preganglion complex facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex facio-acoustic preganglion complex EMAPA:16660 A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a female reproductive system. EHDAA:8118 EMAPA:18680 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000500 VHOG:0000666 genital tubercle of female female genital tubercle A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a female reproductive system. OBOL:automatic genital tubercle of female EMAPA:18680 A femur endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0000508 EMAPA:17502 VHOG:0000951 femoral pre-cartilage condensation femur pre-cartilage condensation A femur endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic femoral pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:17502 An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. EHDAA2:0000569 EHDAA:526 EMAPA:16363 VHOG:0000291 foregut-midgut junction An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0000577 EHDAA:9540 EMAPA:18017 FMA:312589 frontal bone primordium tetrapod frontal bone primordium frontal bone primordium EHDAA2:0000577 The embryonic precursor of the brain. BAMS:Enc BTO:0004726 EFO:0003431 EHDAA:300 EHDAA:830 EMAPA:16089 FMA:312967 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 TAO:0000146 ZFA:0000146 brain rudiment presumptive brain encephalon embryonic brain future brain The embryonic precursor of the brain. NLX:94995 brain rudiment TAO:0000146 presumptive brain ZFA:0000146 encephalon NLX:94995 embryonic brain BTO:0004726 A tendon that has the potential to develop into a central tendon. EHDAA2:0000593 EHDAA:4118 EMAPA:25035 cranial derivative of septum transversum cranial part of septum transversum future central tendon A tendon that has the potential to develop into a central tendon. OBOL:automatic cranial derivative of septum transversum http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial part of septum transversum http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. BAMS:Pros EFO:0003423 EHDAA2:0000661 EHDAA:2643 EMAPA:16640 TAO:0000062 Wikipedia:Prosencephalon ZFA:0000062 future prosencephalon presumptive forebrain presumptive prosencephalon prosencephalon future forebrain A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. OBOL:automatic presumptive forebrain ZFA:0000062 presumptive prosencephalon TAO:0000062 prosencephalon EHDAA2:0000661 EFO:0003438 EHDAA2:0000674 EHDAA:898 EMAPA:16092 EMAPA:16755 TAO:0000417 ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord presumptive spinal cord neural keel presumptive spinal cord neural plate presumptive spinal cord neural rod future spinal cord presumptive spinal cord ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord neural keel TAO:0000417 presumptive spinal cord neural plate TAO:0000417 presumptive spinal cord neural rod TAO:0000417 A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. EHDAA2:0000700 EHDAA:3047 EMAPA:16713 XAO:0004205 gall bladder primordium gallbladder primordium A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. ISBN:0815318960 XAO:0004205 EHDAA2:0000785 EHDAA:8462 EMAPA:17739 hip joint primordium A humerus endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0000787 EHDAA:6240 EMAPA:17713 VHOG:0001120 humeral cartilage condensation humerus cartilage element A humerus endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic humeral cartilage condensation EMAPA:17713 A humerus endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0000788 EHDAA:4192 EMAPA:17427 VHOG:0000950 humeral pre-cartilage condensation humerus pre-cartilage condensation A humerus endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic humeral pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:17427 An iliac endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0000809 EHDAA:9568 EMAPA:18029 VHOG:0000964 iliac pre-cartilage condensation An iliac endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic An ischial endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0000890 EHDAA:9570 EMAPA:26930 ischial cartilage condensation ischial cartilage element An ischial endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic ischial cartilage condensation EMAPA:26930 An ischial endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0000891 EHDAA:7153 EMAPA:18348 VHOG:0000962 ischial pre-cartilage condensation An ischial endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0000897 EHDAA:8467 EMAPA:17740 knee joint primordium EHDAA2:0000996 EMAPA:17186 VHOG:0000449 lingual swelling the collection consisting of the two lateral swellings and the medial swelling lingual swellings lingual swelling EHDAA2:0000996 A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a male reproductive system. EHDAA:8138 EMAPA:17969 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001048 VHOG:0000667 genital tubercle of male penis anlage male genital tubercle A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a male reproductive system. OBOL:automatic genital tubercle of male EMAPA:17969 penis anlage EMAPA:17969 An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. EHDAA:534 EMAPA:16258 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001205 VHOG:0000592 mouth-foregut junction An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. OBOL:automatic Groove between maxillary prominence and lateral nasal process. EHDAA2:0001238 EHDAA:4770 EMAPA:16679 FMA:300055 NCIT:C34218 VHOG:0001307 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_groove naso-lacrimal groove s. lacrimalis maxillae On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep groove, the lacrimal groove (or lacrimal sulcus), which is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus of the nose and transmits the nasolacrimal duct[WP] See also: oblique facial cleft nasolacrimal groove Groove between maxillary prominence and lateral nasal process. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_groove http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html naso-lacrimal groove EMAPA:16679 s. lacrimalis maxillae Wikipedia:Lacrimal_groove The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. EHDAA2:0001278 EHDAA:264 EMAPA:16101 NCIT:C34231 VHOG:0001212 notochordal plate The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. VHOG:0001212 A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot. EHDAA2:0001279 EHDAA:224 EMAPA:16102 FMA:293135 NCIT:C34232 VHOG:0001213 chordamesoderm presumptive notochord The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. notochordal process A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot. http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/05embryonicperiod.htm Either of two openings transmitting nerves and blood vessels to or from the orbit. EHDAA2:0001328 EHDAA:10648 EMAPA:18717 SCTID:280546005 orbital fissure Either of two openings transmitting nerves and blood vessels to or from the orbit. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/orbital%20fissure EHDAA2:0001331 EHDAA:5882 EMAPA:17200 VHOG:0001352 oronasal cavity The pair of depressions of thickened otic placode epithelium, that further develops into the otic vesicles. EHDAA2:0001336 EHDAA:929 EMAPA:16536 FMA:302911 NCIT:C34238 VHOG:0001147 Wikipedia:Otic_pit otic cup otic pit The pair of depressions of thickened otic placode epithelium, that further develops into the otic vesicles. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0011172 otic cup NCBIBook:NBK53175 Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. EHDAA2:0001481 EHDAA:4128 EMAPA:17707 SCTID:361413002 VHOG:0001505 pleuroperitoneal channel pleuroperitoneal canal Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. ISBN:0124020607 VHOG:0001505 pleuroperitoneal channel VHOG:0001505 Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. embryonic ventricle EHDAA2:0001531 EMAPA:16350 FMA:71006 NCIT:C34160 SCTID:361524003 TAO:0002231 Wikipedia:Embryonic_ventricle ZFA:0001719 early heart ventricle embryonic heart ventricle future heart ventricle presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube primitive ventricle primitive ventricle of heart primordial cardiac ventricle primordial ventricle The embryonic ventricle or primitive ventricle of the developing heart gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles. In contrast, the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles originate from the embryological bulbus cordis. The primitive ventricle becomes divided by a septum, the septum inferius or ventricular septum, which grows upward from the lower part of the ventricle, its position being indicated on the surface of the heart by a furrow. Its dorsal part increases more rapidly than its ventral portion, and fuses with the dorsal part of the septum intermedium. For a time an interventricular foramen exists above its ventral portion, but this foramen is ultimately closed by the fusion of the aortic septum with the ventricular septum[WP] future cardiac ventricle Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. ZFA:0001719 presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube ZFA:0001719 primitive ventricle EHDAA2:0001531 primitive ventricle of heart EMAPA:16350 primordial cardiac ventricle FMA:71006 primordial ventricle FMA:71006 Future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle. DHBA:10595 EHDAA2:0001571 EHDAA:1356 EMAPA:16521 SCTID:361480006 TAO:0001259 VHOG:0000644 ZFA:0001259 prosencephalic vesicle preevaginated forebrain vesicle forebrain ventricle forebrain vesicle prosencephalic ventricle early prosencephalic vesicle Future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 prosencephalic vesicle EHDAA2:0001571 forebrain ventricle VHOG:0000644 forebrain vesicle VHOG:0000644 prosencephalic ventricle VHOG:0000644 A pubic endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0001574 EHDAA:9572 EMAPA:18349 VHOG:0000965 pubic pre-cartilage condensation A pubic endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic A rib endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001716 EHDAA:8347 EMAPA:17678 VHOG:0001122 rib cartilage element A rib endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic A rib endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0001717 EHDAA:6026 EMAPA:17397 VHOG:0000681 rib pre-cartilage condensation A rib endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic A scapula endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001777 EHDAA:8368 EMAPA:18343 VHOG:0001125 scapula cartilage element A scapula endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic A scapula endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0001778 EHDAA:6041 EMAPA:18027 VHOG:0000960 scapula pre-cartilage condensation A scapula endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0001836 EHDAA:8493 EMAPA:17712 shoulder joint primordium A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. EHDAA2:0001904 EHDAA:3003 EMAPA:18535 XAO:0000326 spleen mesenchyme splenic mesenchyme splenic primordium left spleen primordium spleen primordium A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. ISBN:0123747295 MP:0011263 spleen mesenchyme MP:0011263 splenic mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 splenic primordium EHDAA2:0001904 left spleen primordium XAO:0000326 A primordium that has the potential to develop into a submandibular gland. EHDAA2:0001939 EHDAA:9255 EMAPA:17755 submaxillary gland primordium submandibular gland primordium A primordium that has the potential to develop into a submandibular gland. OBOL:automatic submaxillary gland primordium EMAPA:17755 EHDAA:924 EMAPA:16663 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002089 trigeminal V preganglion trigeminal preganglion See: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/13 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 -- consider merging into trigeminal ganglion, as this complicates the model future trigeminal ganglion trigeminal V preganglion EMAPA:16663 trigeminal preganglion EMAPA:16663 A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. BTO:0002085 FMA:58071 MA:0002459 NCIT:C32301 SCTID:280540004 eye chamber eyeball chamber chamber of eye chamber of eyeball A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 eye chamber MA:0002459 eyeball chamber FMA:58071 chamber of eye BTO:0002085 Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. MA:0001911 ocular refractive media Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid BIRNLEX:20 FMA:280556 GAID:266 MESH:D001826 Wikipedia:Body_fluid galen:BodyFluid body fluid bodily fluid Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:A12.207 Wikipedia:Body_fluid body fluid GAID:266 A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. EMAPA:32790 MA:0000821 brain stem nucleus brainstem nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. OBOL:automatic brain stem nucleus EMAPA:32790 An embryonic cartilaginous frame, the nasal capsule, an evolutionary-conserved structure composed of ventral and dorsal components: the mesethmoid and ectethmoid cartilages, respectively.[PMID]. AAO:0000313 EMAPA:17852 FMA:320527 MA:0000283 TAO:0002035 ZFA:0005507 cartilaginous nasal capsule tripartite nasal capsule nasal capsule An embryonic cartilaginous frame, the nasal capsule, an evolutionary-conserved structure composed of ventral and dorsal components: the mesethmoid and ectethmoid cartilages, respectively.[PMID]. PMID:21270050 tripartite nasal capsule PMID:25312359 A choroid plexus stroma that is part of a lateral ventricle. MA:0000963 lateral ventricle choroid plexus stroma A choroid plexus stroma that is part of a lateral ventricle. OBOL:automatic A choroid plexus stroma that is part of a fourth ventricle. MA:0000985 fourth ventricle choroid plexus stroma A choroid plexus stroma that is part of a fourth ventricle. OBOL:automatic 2 An artery that connects two larger arteries. EMAPA:18598 MA:0001938 NCIT:C52851 Grouping for anterior and posterior communicating artery An artery that connects two larger arteries. ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery EMAPA:18646 MA:0002227 superior vesical vein The unique bone located in the glans penis of most mammals except humans; it is used for copulation and varies in size and shape by species. EMAPA:29769 MA:0000406 SCTID:27962002 Wikipedia:Baculum baculum os baculum penile bone penis bone os penis The unique bone located in the glans penis of most mammals except humans; it is used for copulation and varies in size and shape by species. MGI:anna MP:0009103 baculum Wikipedia:Baculum penile bone MP:0009104 Wikipedia:Baculum penis bone Wikipedia:Baculum The ossified region of endochondral and membranous bone located in the clitoris of most mammals except humans; it is homologous to the penile bone (aka as baculum, penis bone or os penis) in male mammals. EMAPA:30823 MA:0000387 baubellum clitoral bone clitoris bone os clitoridis os clitoris The ossified region of endochondral and membranous bone located in the clitoris of most mammals except humans; it is homologous to the penile bone (aka as baculum, penis bone or os penis) in male mammals. MP:0011849 baubellum Wikipedia:Baculum clitoral bone MP:0011849 os clitoridis Wikipedia:Baculum A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart). anulus BTO:0003627 FMA:76704 anulus fibrosus fibrocartilaginous ring fibrous ring annulus fibrosus A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart). BTO:0003627 anulus BTO:0003627 anulus fibrosus FMA:76704 fibrocartilaginous ring http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fibrous ring BTO:0003627 A lobe of lung that is part of a right lung. EMAPA:35155 MA:0001791 NCIT:C48944 SCTID:272654004 lobe of right lung lobe of the right lung right lung lobe A lobe of lung that is part of a right lung. OBOL:automatic lobe of the right lung ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung System pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli. BTO:0000136 CALOHA:TS-1296 EMAPA:32692 MA:0000416 pulmonary alveolar system bronchoalveolar system alveolar system System pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli. BTO:0000136 pulmonary alveolar system MP:0010899 bronchoalveolar system BTO:0000136 A substance formed from the secretion of one or more glands of the male genital tract in which sperm cells are suspended. BTO:0001232 CALOHA:TS-0918 EMAPA:36543 FMA:62967 MA:0002523 MAT:0000057 MIAA:0000057 seminal plasma milt male genital fluid male genital secretion seminal fluid seminal fluid A substance formed from the secretion of one or more glands of the male genital tract in which sperm cells are suspended. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 seminal plasma BTO:0001232 milt PMID:31287811 PMID:35203131 CURATOR NOTE A secretion from the glands of the male reproductive system in some aquatic animals that contains sperm and is sprayed onto the eggs. seminal fluid BTO:0001232 A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. MA:0002537 skin fluid/secretion skin fluid skin substance skin secretion A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. OBOL:automatic skin fluid/secretion MA:0002537 A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a male reproductive gland. EMAPA:36541 MA:0002521 male reproductive system fluid/secretion male reproductive system fluid male reproductive system secretion male reproductive gland secretion A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a male reproductive gland. UBERON:cjm male reproductive system fluid/secretion MA:0002521 A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a female reproductive gland. MA:0002510 female reproductive system fluid/secretion female reproductive system fluid female reproductive system secretion female reproductive gland secretion A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a female reproductive gland. UBERON:cjm female reproductive system fluid/secretion MA:0002510 A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. EMAPA:36550 MA:0002533 NCIT:C13722 respiratory system fluid respiratory system secretion respiratory system fluid/secretion A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. OBOL:automatic A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards. EMAPA:36538 MA:0002505 lactiferous gland fluid lactiferous gland secretion mammary gland fluid mammary gland secreted fluid mammary gland secretion secretion of mammary gland mammary gland fluid/secretion A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A vasculature that is part of a kidney. EMAPA:28457 TAO:0005305 ZFA:0005305 kidney vasculature A vasculature that is part of a kidney. OBOL:automatic A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine. TAO:0005289 ZFA:0005289 renal duct A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071029-9 A tube that is part of a excretory system. excretory tube A tube that is part of a excretory system. OBOL:automatic An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system. AAO:0010522 CALOHA:TS-2024 EFO:0000870 EMAPA:18248 FMA:7162 MA:0002961 MESH:D008208 SCTID:362597000 VHOG:0001761 Wikipedia:Lymphatic_system lymphatic system lymphatic tree system lymporeticular system lymphatic part of lymphoid system An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lymphatic system FMA:7162 MA:0002435 lymphatic tree system FMA:7162 lymporeticular system VHOG:0001761 The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. MAT:0000049 MESH:D010614 MIAA:0000049 anterior part of foregut pharyngeal tube pharynx The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. GO:0060465 Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]. FMA:85030 tunica media of pulmonary trunk Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]. FMA:85030 FMA:FMA A urethral meatus that is part of a female urethra[Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36453 FMA:85266 MA:0002639 SCTID:279479008 Wikipedia:External_urethral_orifice_(female) external orifice of female urethra external urethral orifice (female) female urethral meatus ostium urethrae externum (urethra feminina) urethral meatus of clitoral urethra distal urethral opening of female urethral opening of clitoral urethra female urethral meatus A urethral meatus that is part of a female urethra[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:External_urethral_orifice_(female) external orifice of female urethra FMA:85266 external urethral orifice (female) FMA:85266 female urethral meatus FMA:85266 ostium urethrae externum (urethra feminina) FMA:85266 FMA:TA urethral meatus of clitoral urethra EMAPA:36453 distal urethral opening of female EMAPA:36453 urethral opening of clitoral urethra EMAPA:36453 A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. FMA:9558 MA:0002983 SCTID:362021000 left ventricular myocardium myocardium of left ventricle left ventricle myocardium A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 left ventricular myocardium FMA:9558 myocardium of left ventricle FMA:9558 A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. FMA:9535 MA:0002984 SCTID:362020004 myocardium of right ventricle right ventricular myocardium right ventricle myocardium A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 myocardium of right ventricle FMA:9535 right ventricular myocardium FMA:9535 A nucleus of brain that is part of a hypothalamus. BTO:0002449 EMAPA:35417 FMA:258762 MA:0002426 SCTID:279304003 nucleus of hypothalamus hypothalamic nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a hypothalamus. OBOL:automatic nucleus of hypothalamus FMA:258762 A nucleus of brain that is part of a diencephalon. TAO:0002191 ZFA:0001659 diencephalic nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a diencephalon. OBOL:automatic The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:. EMAPA:19159 FMA:75383 NCIT:C34245 SCTID:245445008 Wikipedia:Pectinate_line linea pectinata canalis analis pectinate line of anal canal Hilton's 'white line' dentate line linea anocutanea recto-anal junction site of anal membrane pectinate line The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:. Wikipedia:Pectinate_line linea pectinata canalis analis FMA:75383 FMA:TA pectinate line of anal canal FMA:75383 Hilton's 'white line' EMAPA:19159 dentate line Wikipedia:Pectinate_line linea anocutanea Wikipedia:Pectinate_line recto-anal junction Wikipedia:Pectinate_line site of anal membrane EMAPA:19159 An organ that is part of a vestibular system. BIRNLEX:2519 balance organ vestibular organ An organ that is part of a vestibular system. OBOL:automatic balance organ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. AAO:0000471 EFO:0003437 TAO:0000416 ZFA:0000416 presumptive endoderm Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 AAO:0000468 EFO:0003439 TAO:0000568 ZFA:0000568 future blood presumptive blood Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. AAO:0000479 TAO:0001116 ZFA:0001116 future structure presumptive structures presumptive structure Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. GOC:CVS GOC:YMB ZFA:0001116 presumptive structures ZFA:0001116 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. AAO:0000470 EFO:0003466 TAO:0001376 XAO:0004132 ZFA:0001376 presumptive epidermis presumptive ectoderm Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 presumptive epidermis ZFA:0001376 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. AAO:0000476 EFO:0003467 TAO:0001377 ZFA:0001377 presumptive mesoderm Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 2 A cartilaginous joint that connects left and right mandibles/dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired[TAO,modified]. AAO:0000277 FMA:75779 MA:0001490 TAO:0001851 Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti ZFA:0005488 dentary symphysis inter-dentary joint inter-mandibular joint symphysis menti mental symphysis symphysis mandibulae mandibular symphysis A cartilaginous joint that connects left and right mandibles/dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired[TAO,modified]. TAO:wd Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti ZFA:0005488 dentary symphysis TAO:0001851 inter-dentary joint TAO:0001851 inter-mandibular joint TAO:0001851 symphysis menti MA:0001490 mental symphysis Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti symphysis mandibulae Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans. BTO:0004659 Wikipedia:Exoskeleton lorica shell exoskeleton Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans. Wikipedia:Exoskeleton lorica Wikipedia:Lorica_(biology) shell BTO:0004659 A large vein or channel for the circulation of venous blood. MA:0000070 NCIT:C12877 SCTID:341586007 ZFA:0007072 blood sinus venous sinus A large vein or channel for the circulation of venous blood. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/venous+sinus blood sinus ZFA:0007072 An artery with its origin in the lateral terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery, with distribution to the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, and with anastomoses to the branches of the pericardiacophrenic and inferior phrenic. EMAPA:19215 FMA:10645 SCTID:244242003 Wikipedia:Musculophrenic_artery musculophrenic artery musculo-phrenic artery An artery with its origin in the lateral terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery, with distribution to the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, and with anastomoses to the branches of the pericardiacophrenic and inferior phrenic. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/musculophrenic+artery musculophrenic artery FMA:10645 A muscle layer that is part of a fallopian tube. EMAPA:29046 FMA:18318 SCTID:259488000 muscle layer of fallopian tube muscle layer of oviduct muscle layer of uterine tube muscular coat of uterine tube muscular layer of uterine tube muscularis of uterine tube tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina) tunica muscularis tubae uterinae uterine tubal muscularis muscle layer of oviduct A muscle layer that is part of a fallopian tube. OBOL:automatic muscle layer of fallopian tube FMA:18318 muscle layer of oviduct FMA:18318 muscle layer of uterine tube FMA:18318 muscular coat of uterine tube FMA:18318 muscular layer of uterine tube FMA:18318 muscularis of uterine tube FMA:18318 tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina) FMA:18318 tunica muscularis tubae uterinae FMA:18318 FMA:TA uterine tubal muscularis FMA:18318 An adventitia that is part of a epididymis. EMAPA:30443 FMA:19136 epididymis adventitia adventitia of epididymis An adventitia that is part of a epididymis. OBOL:automatic epididymis adventitia FMA:19136 A muscle layer that is part of a epididymis. EMAPA:30747 FMA:19149 muscle layer of epididymis A muscle layer that is part of a epididymis. OBOL:automatic An adventitia that is part of a vas deferens. EMAPA:29767 FMA:19238 SCTID:299803005 adventitia of deferent duct adventitia of ductus deferens adventitia of vas deferens deferent ductal adventitia tunica adventitia (ductus deferens) tunica adventitia ductus deferentis adventitia of ductus deferens An adventitia that is part of a vas deferens. OBOL:automatic adventitia of deferent duct FMA:19238 adventitia of ductus deferens FMA:19238 adventitia of vas deferens FMA:19238 deferent ductal adventitia FMA:19238 tunica adventitia (ductus deferens) FMA:19238 tunica adventitia ductus deferentis FMA:19238 FMA:TA An adventitia that is part of a seminal vesicle. EMAPA:29775 FMA:19403 SCTID:252406002 adventitia of seminal gland seminal vesicle adventitia tunica adventitia (vesicula seminalis) tunica adventitia glandulae vesiculosae adventitia of seminal vesicle An adventitia that is part of a seminal vesicle. OBOL:automatic adventitia of seminal gland FMA:19403 seminal vesicle adventitia FMA:19403 tunica adventitia (vesicula seminalis) FMA:19403 tunica adventitia glandulae vesiculosae FMA:19403 FMA:TA EMAPA:30997 FMA:19976 SCTID:253069005 muscular coat of vagina tunica muscularis vaginae vaginal muscularis muscular layer of vagina muscular coat of vagina FMA:19976 tunica muscularis vaginae FMA:19976 FMA:TA Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs[BTO]. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) is an external portion of the clitoris[WP]. BTO:0003117 EMAPA:30829 FMA:19999 NCIT:C32681 SCTID:362241002 Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans clitoris glans glans of clitoris glans clitoridis glans clitoris glans clitoris Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs[BTO]. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) is an external portion of the clitoris[WP]. BTO:0003117 Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans clitoris glans FMA:19999 glans of clitoris FMA:19999 glans clitoridis Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans glans clitoris Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans Anatomical cavity for the proximal articular surface of the proximal limb or fin element with the scapulocoracoid or equivalent structure. AAO:0000749 EMAPA:25122 FMA:23275 NCIT:C32682 SCTID:181914008 Wikipedia:Glenoid_cavity cavitas glenoidalis scapulae cavitus glenoidalis glenoid cavity glenoid cavity of scapula glenoid facet cavitas glenoidalis glenoid cavity glenoid fossa Anatomical cavity for the proximal articular surface of the proximal limb or fin element with the scapulocoracoid or equivalent structure. PHENOSCAPE:ad cavitas glenoidalis scapulae FMA:23275 FMA:TA cavitus glenoidalis FMA:23275 glenoid cavity FMA:23275 glenoid cavity of scapula FMA:23275 cavitas glenoidalis Wikipedia:Glenoid_cavity glenoid cavity AAO:0000749 2 A joint that connects one phalanx to another along a proximodistal axis. FMA:42765 NCIT:C101527 galen:InterphalangealJoint inter-phalangeal joint inter-phalanx joint interphalangeal joint A joint that connects one phalanx to another along a proximodistal axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 inter-phalangeal joint FMA:42765 A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. BTO:0004838 SCTID:86915006 Wikipedia:Muscular_layer muscular layer muscularis layer tunica muscularis muscular coat muscularis muscularis externa muscularis propria transverse muscular fibers tunica externa tunica muscularis muscular coat A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. Wikipedia:Muscular_layer muscular layer OBOL:automatic muscularis layer FMA:45634 tunica muscularis BTO:0004838 muscular coat Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa muscularis externa BTO:0004838 muscularis propria Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa transverse muscular fibers Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa tunica externa BTO:0004838 tunica muscularis Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa On the interior surface of the temporal bone, behind the rough surface of the apex, is the large circular aperture of the carotid canal, which ascends at first vertically, and then, making a bend, runs horizontally forward and medialward. It transmits into the cranium, the internal carotid artery, and the carotid plexus of nerves. Sympathetics to the head also pass through the carotid canal. They have several motor functions: raise the eyelid (superior tarsal muscle), dilate pupil, innervate sweat glands of face and scalp and constricts blood vessels in head[WP]. EMAPA:18707 FMA:55805 Wikipedia:Carotid_canal canalis caroticus carotid canal On the interior surface of the temporal bone, behind the rough surface of the apex, is the large circular aperture of the carotid canal, which ascends at first vertically, and then, making a bend, runs horizontally forward and medialward. It transmits into the cranium, the internal carotid artery, and the carotid plexus of nerves. Sympathetics to the head also pass through the carotid canal. They have several motor functions: raise the eyelid (superior tarsal muscle), dilate pupil, innervate sweat glands of face and scalp and constricts blood vessels in head[WP]. Wikipedia:Carotid_canal canalis caroticus Wikipedia:Carotid_canal The three-lobed cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm; the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium that provides attachment for the muscle fibers. EMAPA:17702 FMA:58279 NCIT:C34119 SCTID:244943002 VHOG:0001399 Wikipedia:Central_tendon_of_diaphragm central tendon centrum tendineum centrum tendineum diaphragmatis central tendon of diaphragm The three-lobed cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm; the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium that provides attachment for the muscle fibers. MGI:csmith MP:0012061 central tendon FMA:58279 centrum tendineum FMA:58279 centrum tendineum diaphragmatis FMA:58279 FMA:TA A valve that is part of a vein. FMA:68095 valve of vein venous valve A valve that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic valve of vein FMA:68095 An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. FMA:70997 epithelium surface surface of epithelium An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. OBOL:automatic epithelium surface FMA:70997 The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull. EMAPA:19012 FMA:75370 SCTID:139380001 Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_canal anterior condylar canal canalis nervi hypoglossi hyperglossal canal hypoglossal canal The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull. Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_canal anterior condylar canal EMAPA:19012 canalis nervi hypoglossi Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_canal hyperglossal canal Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_canal A vein that is part of a vertebral column. EMAPA:18255 FMA:76735 MA:0002108 SCTID:181376008 Wikipedia:Spinal_veins vena spinalis spinal branch spinal vein A vein that is part of a vertebral column. OBOL:automatic vena spinalis FMA:76735 FMA:TA spinal branch FMA:76735 A conduit enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. AAO:0000693 FMA:9680 GAID:242 NCIT:C33869 NCIT:C34221 SCTID:361746009 Wikipedia:Spinal_canal c. vertebralis foramen vertebrale neural canal spinal canal spinal cavity vertebral canal vertebral canal A conduit enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. Wikipedia:Spinal_canal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 c. vertebralis Wikipedia:Spinal_canal foramen vertebrale AAO:0000693 neural canal AAO:0000693 spinal canal AAO:0000693 spinal cavity Wikipedia:Spinal_canal vertebral canal Wikipedia:Spinal_canal A vasculature that is part of a cerebellum. FMA:268519 cerebellum vasculature A vasculature that is part of a cerebellum. OBOL:automatic The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus). Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates carpus/tarsus mesopodial limb segment mesopodial segment mesopod mesopodium region The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus). MA:th Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesopodial limb segment MA:th The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. VSAO:0005019 autopod skeleton autopodial skeleton skeletal parts of autopod skeleton of autopod autopodium autopodial skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 autopod skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 autopodial skeleton VSAO:0005019 skeletal parts of autopod https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeleton of autopod https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 autopodium VSAO:0005019 VSAO:NI During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's]. EHDAA2:0001081 EMAPA:17187 FMA:312476 SCTID:308821003 VHOG:0000730 Wikipedia:Tuberculum_impar median lingual swelling median tongue bud tuberculum impar tuberculum linguale mediale The thyroid initially develops caudal to the tuberculum impar . This embryonic swelling arises from the first pharyngeal arch and occurs midline on the floor of the developing pharynx, eventually helping form the tongue as the 2 lateral lingual swellings overgrow it. [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview] median lingual swelling During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's]. Wikipedia:Tuberculum_impar median lingual swelling EHDAA2:0001081 median tongue bud http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview tuberculum linguale mediale Wikipedia:Tuberculum_impar During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. EHDAA2:0000911 EMAPA:17189 FMA:313628 VHOG:0000731 Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling lateral lingual prominence lateral swellings tuberculum laterale tuberculum linguale laterale lateral lingual swelling During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling lateral swellings Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling tuberculum laterale Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling tuberculum linguale laterale Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling The edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. EFO:0001403 FMA:58342 GAID:896 MESH:D016850 SCTID:63716004 Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus ZFA:0005570 cornea limbus corneal limbus corneal-scleral limbus corneoscleral junction limbus corneae sclerocorneal junction sclerocorneal limbus limbus corneae This location has parts such as blood vessels etc. See PMC2868485, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2695343 corneo-scleral junction The edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. MP:0013477 corneal limbus FMA:58342 GAID:896 corneal-scleral limbus PMID:17051547 corneoscleral junction GAID:896 limbus corneae Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus sclerocorneal junction FMA:58342 sclerocorneal limbus GAID:896 limbus corneae Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone[Stedman, 26th ed]. The femur head is the highest part of the thigh bone. It is supported by the neck of the femur. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. Its surface is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. The head is removed in total hip replacement surgery [WP]. AAO:0000892 FMA:32851 MA:0003050 MESH:D005270 NCIT:C32718 SCTID:361791000 Wikipedia:Femur_head galen:FemoralHead acetabular head femoral head kopf des Schenkelbeins capital femoral epiphysis caput femoris femur head head of femur The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone[Stedman, 26th ed]. The femur head is the highest part of the thigh bone. It is supported by the neck of the femur. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. Its surface is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. The head is removed in total hip replacement surgery [WP]. MESH:A02.835.232.500.247.343 Wikipedia:Femur_head acetabular head AAO:0000892 femoral head FMA:32851 kopf des Schenkelbeins FMA:32851 FMA:TA capital femoral epiphysis http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/capital+femoral+epiphysis caput femoris AAO:0000892 Wikipedia:Femur_head femur head MESH:A02.835.232.500.247.343 An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. BTO:0002991 NCIT:C43370 NCIT:C45715 glandular epithelium An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts. AAO:0000320 FMA:60116 SCTID:281486007 skeleton of nose nasal skeleton Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts. AAO:0000320 skeleton of nose FMA:60116 Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand. AAO:0000027 FMA:63897 SCTID:68477002 loose areolar connective tissue areolar tissue loose connective tissue areolar connective tissue Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand. FMA:63897 loose areolar connective tissue FMA:63897 loose connective tissue AAO:0000027 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a trachea. FMA:7469 SCTID:197486000 lumen of cartilaginous trachea tracheal lumen lumen of trachea An anatomical space that surrounded_by a trachea. OBOL:automatic lumen of cartilaginous trachea OBOL:automatic tracheal lumen FMA:7469 A subdivision of a the reproductive tract in a female organism that is the site of embryo development. uterus TADS:0000421 WBbt:0006760 uterus or analog A subdivision of a the reproductive tract in a female organism that is the site of embryo development. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 uterus FBbt:00004924 Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. central vein FMA:17544 NCIT:C32281 SCTID:272023004 TAO:0005168 Wikipedia:Central_veins_of_liver ZFA:0005168 terminal branch of hepatic vein terminal hepatic venule vena centralis (hepar) central vein of liver Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. ZFA:0005168 central vein ZFA:0005168 terminal branch of hepatic vein FMA:17544 terminal hepatic venule FMA:17544 vena centralis (hepar) FMA:17544 A furrow or an incomplete tube. AEO:0000161 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003161 groove Surface groove is modelled as immaterial - see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2667 for discussion surface groove A furrow or an incomplete tube. AEO:0000161 AEO:JB https://github.com/obophenotype/human-developmental-anatomy-ontology/issues/4 groove AEO:0000161 Endochondral bone that is dorsoventrally compressed and provides attachment site for muscles of the pectoral appendage. AAO:0000751 BTO:0001218 CALOHA:TS-0897 EFO:0001400 EMAPA:18722 FMA:13394 GAID:186 MA:0001330 MESH:D012540 NCIT:C12783 SCTID:302517007 TAO:0000583 VHOG:0001398 VSAO:0000157 Wikipedia:Scapula ZFA:0000583 galen:Scapula scapulae shoulder blade scapula bone scapulas scapula Endochondral bone that is dorsoventrally compressed and provides attachment site for muscles of the pectoral appendage. VSAO:0000157 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/204 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/339 scapulae ZFA:0000583 scapula bone BTO:0001218 scapulas TAO:0000583 A muscular coat that is part of a ureter. FMA:15893 MA:0002654 SCTID:3563003 muscular coat of ureter muscular layer of ureter muscularis of ureter tunica muscularis (ureter) tunica muscularis ureteris ureteral smooth muscle layer muscular coat of ureter A muscular coat that is part of a ureter. OBOL:automatic muscular coat of ureter FMA:15893 muscular layer of ureter FMA:15893 muscularis of ureter FMA:15893 tunica muscularis (ureter) FMA:TA tunica muscularis ureteris FMA:TA ureteral smooth muscle layer EMAPA:28567 This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO]. adrenal gland - interrenal gland adrenal gland/interrenal tissue adrenal - interrenal gland suprarenal gland - interrenal gland adrenal/interrenal gland This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO]. GO:0030325 adrenal gland - interrenal gland VHOG:0001141 adrenal - interrenal gland VHOG:0001141 suprarenal gland - interrenal gland VHOG:0001141 Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between two metaphyses. Note that the diaphysis includes the metaphyses, but the diaphysis proper excludes these. FMA:32688 MA:0002803 body proper of long bone shaft proper of long bone long bone diaphysis diaphysis proper Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between two metaphyses. Note that the diaphysis includes the metaphyses, but the diaphysis proper excludes these. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 body proper of long bone FMA:32688 shaft proper of long bone FMA:32688 long bone diaphysis MA:0002803 A diaphysis that is part of a femur[Automatically generated definition]. FMA:32847 MA:0003055 NCIT:C96209 SCTID:182048009 Wikipedia:Body_of_femur body of femur corpus femoris femoral diaphysis femoral shaft shaft of femur diaphysis of femur A diaphysis that is part of a femur[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:Body_of_femur body of femur FMA:32847 corpus femoris FMA:32847 FMA:TA femoral diaphysis FMA:32847 shaft of femur FMA:32847 A proximal metaphysis that is part of a femur. FMA:32878 proximal metaphysis of femur A proximal metaphysis that is part of a femur. OBOL:automatic A metaphysis that is part of a femur. FMA:32875 MA:0003052 femoral metaphysis metaphysis of femur A metaphysis that is part of a femur. OBOL:automatic femoral metaphysis FMA:32875 The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. WBbt:0005773 rectum rectal part of digestive tract terminal section of digestive tract terminal part of digestive tract The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 rectum FBbt:00005756 A gland that secretes a seminal fluid. WBbt:0006870 seminal fluid secreting gland A gland that secretes a seminal fluid. OBOL:automatic The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pes (foot). foot plate footplate EHDAA:5143 EHDAA:6096 EMAPA:17249 FMA:296800 NCIT:C34177 distal part of hindlimb bud foot disk embryonic footplate The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pes (foot). MGI:csmith MP:0004576 UBERON:cjm https://github.com/obophenotype/mammalian-phenotype-ontology/issues/2218 distal part of hindlimb bud EMAPA:17249 An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a handplate. EHDAA2:0000729 EMAPA:17247 handplate apical ectodermal ridge An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a handplate. OBOL:automatic The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the manus (hand). EHDAA:4194 EHDAA:6242 EMAPA:17245 FMA:296794 NCIT:C34185 hand plate handplate distal part of forelimb bud embryonic handplate The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the manus (hand). MGI:csmith MP:0004576 UBERON:cjm distal part of forelimb bud EMAPA:17245 A vasculature that is part of a organ. FMA:74612 organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ vasculature of organ A vasculature that is part of a organ. OBOL:automatic organ vasculature FMA:74612 set of blood vessels of organ FMA:74612 A vasculature that is part of a liver. EHDAA2:0003454 EMAPA:35501 FMA:73748 hepatic vasculature hepatic vascular element liver vascular element liver vascular system vasculature of liver A vasculature that is part of a liver. OBOL:automatic hepatic vasculature FMA:73748 hepatic vascular element EMAPA:35501 liver vascular element EMAPA:35501 liver vascular system EHDAA2:0003454 A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. AAO:0011051 EFO:0003337 EFO:0003603 EHDAA2:0001118 EHDAA:655 EMAPA:16099 EMAPA_RETIRED:16270 FMA:293859 TAO:0000998 VHOG:0000185 XAO:0000053 ZFA:0000998 head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm head mesenchyme from head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm mesenchyme from head mesoderm cranial mesoderm head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. OBOL:automatic head mesenchyme from head mesoderm EHDAA2:0001118 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm EHDAA:1057 cranial mesoderm UBERON:0005280 head mesoderm AAO:0011051 UBERON:0005280 Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. EHDAA2:0001062 EHDAA:5861 EHDAA:5873 EMAPA:17357 mesenchyme of mandibular process mesenchyme of mandibular prominence mandibular process mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of mandibular process EMAPA:17357 mesenchyme of mandibular prominence https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The lateral surface parts of the external nose, inferiorly, surrounding the naris[EoM]. FMA:59519 SCTID:361345006 Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose nasal ala ala nasi ala of the nose wing of nose wing of the nose wings of the nose ala of nose The lateral surface parts of the external nose, inferiorly, surrounding the naris[EoM]. DOI:10.1002/ajmg.a.32600 Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose nasal ala FMA:59519 ala nasi Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose ala of the nose Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose wing of nose Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose wing of the nose Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose wings of the nose Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. BTO:0000349 EMAPA:32908 FMA:45677 digestive tract lumen gut cavity gut lumen lumen of alimentary tract lumen of digestive tract lumen of gut lumen of digestive tract An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. OBOL:automatic digestive tract lumen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gut cavity BTO:0000349 gut lumen FMA:45677 lumen of alimentary tract https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lumen of digestive tract https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lumen of gut FMA:45677 An epithelium that is part of a lip. BTO:0004468 TAO:0005334 ZFA:0005334 lip epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lip. OBOL:automatic An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. BTO:0002072 NCIT:C12848 SCTID:40118003 Wikipedia:Squamous_epithelium squamous epithelium An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. Wikipedia:Squamous_epithelium Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. FMA:45563 NCIT:C13180 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium epithelium stratificatum squamosum stratified squamous epithelium Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. FMA:45563 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium epithelium stratificatum squamosum FMA:45563 A non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. FMA:62130 non-keratinized epithelium of tongue A non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic A squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. MA:0002786 squamous epithelium of tongue tongue squamous epithelium A squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic squamous epithelium of tongue OBOL:automatic A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus. BTO:0003635 CALOHA:TS-1250 EMAPA:35324 MA:0001567 NCIT:C49222 esophageal squamous epithelium squamous epithelium of esophagus squamous oesophageal epithelium esophagus squamous epithelium A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus. OBOL:automatic esophageal squamous epithelium OBOL:automatic squamous epithelium of esophagus OBOL:automatic squamous oesophageal epithelium MA:0001567 A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach. EMAPA:35824 MA:0001611 stomach squamous epithelium A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach. OBOL:automatic The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane. MA:0001725 NCIT:C49219 cervical squamous epithelium cervix squamous epithelium The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane. http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx A squamous epithelium that is part of a vagina. MA:0001731 NCIT:C49314 vaginal squamous epithelium vagina squamous epithelium A squamous epithelium that is part of a vagina. OBOL:automatic A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. EMAPA:35814 FMA:63458 MA:0002784 epithelium of gastric gland gastric gland epithelium stomach glandular epithelium A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. ISBN:0073040584 epithelium of gastric gland FMA:63458 gastric gland epithelium FMA:63458 Any gland that is part of the digestive system. AAO:0000130 BTO:0000345 digestive gland digestive system gland Any gland that is part of the digestive system. UBERON:cjm digestive gland BTO:0000345 Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]. FMA:64800 NCIT:C13182 glandular columnar epithelium Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]. FMA:64800 FMA:66809 glandular cuboidal epithelium Stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. EMAPA:27167 MA:0001614 stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane stomach glandular region mucosa Stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane EMAPA:27167 Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue. CALOHA:TS-0682 FMA:62410 SCTID:309045006 neuroepithelium sensory epithelium Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue. BTO:0000314 neuroepithelium BTO:0000314 The epithelial cells lining the capsule and trabeculae of the thymus. MA:0000769 thymus subcapsular epithelium The epithelial cells lining the capsule and trabeculae of the thymus. ISBN:0-8153-1691-7 MGI:cwg MP:0002369 The epithelial cell layer containing the sensory hair cells and their associated sensory nerve terminals. EMAPA:32883 MA:0001189 inner ear epithelium The epithelial cell layer containing the sensory hair cells and their associated sensory nerve terminals. MGI:csmith MP:0003308 An epithelium that is part of a pinna. EHDAA2:0001470 EHDAA:8983 EMAPA:17592 VHOG:0000632 pinna surface epithelium An epithelium that is part of a pinna. OBOL:automatic The efferent ducts (or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes) connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis. The ductuli are unilaminar and composed of columnar ciliated and non-ciliated (absorptive) cells. The ciliated cells serve to stir the luminal fluids, possibly to help ensure homogeneous absorption of water from the fluid produced by the testis, which results in an increase in the concentration of luminal sperm. The epithelium is surrounded by a band of smooth muscle that helps to propel the sperm toward the epididymis. AAO:0010532 EMAPA:18993 FMA:19081 MA:0000398 NCIT:C32492 Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts efferent ductule seminal duct ductuli efferentes testis vasa efferentia efferent duct The efferent ducts (or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes) connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis. The ductuli are unilaminar and composed of columnar ciliated and non-ciliated (absorptive) cells. The ciliated cells serve to stir the luminal fluids, possibly to help ensure homogeneous absorption of water from the fluid produced by the testis, which results in an increase in the concentration of luminal sperm. The epithelium is surrounded by a band of smooth muscle that helps to propel the sperm toward the epididymis. Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts efferent ductule FMA:19081 Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts ductuli efferentes testis Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts vasa efferentia AAO:0010532 Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts A duct or series of ducts that transports sperm from the gonad. In mammals this is from the seminiferous tubules through rete testis, vas efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens, ejeculatory duct to the urethra. FMA:55678 TAO:0001268 ZFA:0001268 sperm duct sperm ducts male genital duct A duct or series of ducts that transports sperm from the gonad. In mammals this is from the seminiferous tubules through rete testis, vas efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens, ejeculatory duct to the urethra. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 sperm duct ZFA:0001268 sperm ducts TAO:0001268 An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct. EMAPA:29747 FMA:19195 MA:0001734 epithelium of efferent ductule of testis efferent duct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct. OBOL:automatic epithelium of efferent ductule of testis FMA:19195 The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. BTO:0002618 EMAPA:29786 ejaculatory duct epithelium The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. PMID:1238970 An epithelium that is part of a uterus. BTO:0003082 uterus epithelium uterine epithelium An epithelium that is part of a uterus. OBOL:automatic uterus epithelium BTO:0003082 The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. BTO:0003833 CALOHA:TS-2349 FMA:59785 NCIT:C12505 SCTID:16811007 buccal mucosa The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. http://www.medterms.com/ An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland primordium. EHDAA2:0001940 EHDAA:9257 EMAPA:17756 submaxillary gland primordium epithelium submandibular gland primordium epithelium An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland primordium. OBOL:automatic submaxillary gland primordium epithelium EMAPA:17756 The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. CALOHA:TS-1246 EMAPA:28880 FMA:18626 MA:0002991 NCIT:C33638 SCTID:259306002 Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary interstitial tissue of ovary ovarian stroma ovary stroma stroma of the ovary stroma ovarica stroma ovarii ovary stroma The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis. Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary interstitial tissue of ovary FMA:18626 ovarian stroma FMA:18626 ovary stroma MA:0002991 stroma of the ovary Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary stroma ovarica FMA:18626 stroma ovarii Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland. DHP pars anterior AAO:0010542 BAMS:DHP BIRNLEX:1022 BTO:0001787 EHDAA2:0001416 EHDAA:7532 EMAPA:17515 FMA:74630 MA:0000854 TAO:0001195 VHOG:0000244 Wikipedia:Pars_distalis ZFA:0001195 distal part of hypophysis pars anterior of adenohypophysis pars distalis (glandula pituitaria) pars distalis adenohypophysis pars distalis of anterior lobe of pituitary gland pars glandularis of adenohypophysis anterior lobe distal part of the hypophysis pars distalis pars distalis (hypophysis) pars distalis adenohypophyseos pars distalis lobi anterioris hypophyseos pars glandularis pars distalis of adenohypophysis The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource Wikipedia:Pars_distalis DHP BIRNLEX:1022 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource pars anterior EHDAA2:0001416 MA:0000854 ZFA:0001195 distal part of hypophysis BIRNLEX:1022 pars anterior of adenohypophysis FMA:74630 pars distalis (glandula pituitaria) FMA:74630 FMA:TA pars distalis adenohypophysis FMA:74630 FMA:TA pars distalis of anterior lobe of pituitary gland FMA:74630 pars glandularis of adenohypophysis FMA:74630 anterior lobe MA:0000854 distal part of the hypophysis NeuroNames:410 pars distalis MA:0000854 pars distalis (hypophysis) NeuroNames:410 pars distalis adenohypophyseos BTO:0001787 pars distalis lobi anterioris hypophyseos BTO:0001787 pars glandularis MA:0000854 The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. EFO:0003709 TAO:0005077 ZFA:0005077 vascular cord The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. GO:0072360 ZFA:0005077 A capillary that is part of the coronary system. ZFA:0005813 heart capillary coronary capillary A capillary that is part of the coronary system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 heart capillary GO:0003248 Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. AAO:0010266 AEO:0000009 BILA:0000009 CARO:0000009 EHDAA2:0003009 FMA:9658 TAO:0001839 anatomical point Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. FMA:9658 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n. BILA:0000010 CARO:0001002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003192 FMA:24137 NCIT:C34022 Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. anatomical surface A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n. CARO:0001002 The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. AAO:0011021 BILA:0000051 EFO:0000315 EHDAA2:0000214 EHDAA:385 FMA:293143 SCTID:360387000 VHOG:0001641 XAO:0000235 cardiogenic splanchnopleure cardiac mesoderm cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region heart primordia cardiogenic splanchnic mesoderm The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. XAO:0000235 http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html https://github.com/obophenotype/insect_neuroanatomy_ontology/issues/7 cardiogenic splanchnopleure EHDAA2:0000214 cardiac mesoderm XAO:0000235 cardiogenic mesoderm http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html cardiogenic region http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 heart primordia XAO:0000235 Organism at the cleavage stage. BILA:0000058 cleaving embryo Organism at the cleavage stage. OBOL:automatic A multicellular organism that is at the juvenile stage. juvenile BILA:0000076 TAO:0002047 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Juvenile_organism juvenile organism juveniles sexually immature organism A multicellular organism that is at the juvenile stage. OBOL:automatic juvenile organism BILA:0000076 juveniles TAO:0002047 A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage. adult BILA:0000078 HAO:0000087 NCIT:C17600 TAO:0002046 galen:Adult http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Adult_organism adults adult organism A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage. OBOL:automatic adults TAO:0002046 BILA:0000084 NCIT:C34268 SCTID:360394002 future digestive tract future digestive tube future gut primitive gut embryonic digestive tube primordial digestive tube primordial gut presumptive gut BILA:0000142 mechanosensory system Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. TAO:0007064 XAO:0000024 ZFA:0007064 mandibular neural crest Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. ZFA:0007064 Cranial neural crest that migrates into the hyoid arch. TAO:0007065 XAO:0000025 ZFA:0007065 hyoid crest hyoid neural crest Cranial neural crest that migrates into the hyoid arch. ZFA:0007065 hyoid crest XAO:0000025 A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. TADS:0000147 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/313/5795/1922/F1.large.jpg dorsal tube heart adult heart Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata primary circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. GO:0007507 dorsal tube Wikipedia:Heart heart GO:0007507 adult heart FBbt:00003154 One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. BTO:0001161 EHDAA2:0004717 MESH:D002824 NCIT:C34125 SCTID:360403003 Wikipedia:Chorionic_villi chorionic villi chorionic villous chorionic villus embryonic part of placenta embryonic placenta fetal part of placenta fetal placenta placental villi placental villous placental villus villous chorion villous of placenta chorionic villus One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. BTO:0001161 Wikipedia:Chorionic_villi chorionic villi MESH:A16.254.403.473.200 chorionic villous Wikipedia:Chorionic_villi chorionic villus GAID:1300 embryonic part of placenta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 embryonic placenta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fetal part of placenta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fetal placenta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 placental villi GAID:1300 placental villus GAID:1300 The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. FMA:42385 GAID:201 MESH:D005272 NCIT:C61563 SCTID:361792007 Wikipedia:Femur_neck galen:NeckOfFemur femoral neck collum femoris femur neck neck of the femur neck of femur The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. Wikipedia:Femur_neck femoral neck FMA:42385 collum femoris Wikipedia:Femur_neck femur neck Wikipedia:Femur_neck neck of the femur Wikipedia:Femur_neck A pharyngeal pouch that is between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2. AAO:0011114 EFO:0003631 EHDAA2:0000016 EMAPA:16124 EMAPA:16125 FMA:295668 NCIT:C34176 SCTID:345248006 TAO:0001128 VHOG:0000555 VHOG:0000970 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#First_pouch XAO:0000102 ZFA:0001128 1st arch branchial pouch 1st arch branchial pouch endoderm 1st arch pouch endoderm 1st branchial pouch 1st pharyngeal pouch endoderm first arch pharyngeal pouch first visceral pouch hyomandibular pouch pharyngeal pouches 1 visceral pouch 1 first pharyngeal pouch pharyngeal pouch 1 A pharyngeal pouch that is between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2. ISBN:0124020607 PMID:16313389 VHOG:0000970 1st arch branchial pouch EHDAA2:0000013 1st arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000016 1st arch pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000016 1st pharyngeal pouch endoderm VHOG:0000555 first arch pharyngeal pouch OBOL:automatic first visceral pouch XAO:0000102 pharyngeal pouches 1 ZFA:0001128 visceral pouch 1 XAO:0000102 first pharyngeal pouch VHOG:0000970 A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3. AAO:0011115 EFO:0003633 EHDAA2:0000058 EMAPA:16275 FMA:295676 NCIT:C34289 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 SCTID:345349000 TAO:0001130 VHOG:0000561 VHOG:0000967 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Second_pouch XAO:0000247 ZFA:0001130 2nd arch branchial pouch 2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm 2nd arch pouch endoderm 2nd branchial pouch 2nd pharyngeal pouch endoderm pharyngeal pouches 2 second arch pharyngeal pouch second visceral pouch visceral pouch 2 second pharyngeal pouch pharyngeal pouch 2 A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3. ISBN:0124020607 PMID:16313389 2nd arch branchial pouch RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000061 2nd arch pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000058 2nd pharyngeal pouch endoderm VHOG:0000561 pharyngeal pouches 2 ZFA:0001130 second arch pharyngeal pouch OBOL:automatic second visceral pouch XAO:0000247 visceral pouch 2 XAO:0000247 second pharyngeal pouch VHOG:0000967 A pharyngeal pouch that between pharyngeal arches 3 and 4. AAO:0011116 EFO:0003634 EHDAA2:0000077 EMAPA:16586 FMA:295682 NCIT:C34311 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000076 SCTID:345450001 TAO:0001131 VHOG:0000966 VHOG:0001030 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Third_pouch XAO:0000251 ZFA:0001131 3rd arch branchial pouch 3rd arch branchial pouch endoderm 3rd branchial pouch 3rd pharyngeal pouch endoderm pharyngeal pouches 3 third arch pharyngeal pouch third visceral pouch visceral pouch 3 third pharyngeal pouch pharyngeal pouch 3 A pharyngeal pouch that between pharyngeal arches 3 and 4. ISBN:0124020607 PMID:16313389 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Third_pouch 3rd arch branchial pouch RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000076 3rd arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000077 3rd pharyngeal pouch endoderm VHOG:0001030 pharyngeal pouches 3 ZFA:0001131 third arch pharyngeal pouch OBOL:automatic third visceral pouch XAO:0000251 visceral pouch 3 XAO:0000251 third pharyngeal pouch VHOG:0000966 A pharyngeal pouch between pharyngeal arch 4 and arch 5 or 6 (a fifth arch never establishes in amniotes). AAO:0011117 EFO:0003637 EHDAA2:0000091 EMAPA:16766 FMA:295688 NCIT:C34181 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000090 SCTID:362858001 TAO:0001134 VHOG:0000578 VHOG:0000971 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Fourth_pouch XAO:0000254 ZFA:0001134 4th arch branchial pouch 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm 4th branchial pouch 4th pharyngeal pouch endoderm fourth arch pharyngeal pouch fourth branchial pouch fourth visceral pouch pharyngeal pouches 4 visceral pouch 4 fourth pharyngeal pouch pharyngeal pouch 4 A pharyngeal pouch between pharyngeal arch 4 and arch 5 or 6 (a fifth arch never establishes in amniotes). ISBN:0124020607 PMID:16313389 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Fourth_pouch 4th arch branchial pouch RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000090 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000091 4th pharyngeal pouch endoderm VHOG:0000578 fourth arch pharyngeal pouch OBOL:automatic fourth visceral pouch XAO:0000254 pharyngeal pouches 4 ZFA:0001134 visceral pouch 4 XAO:0000254 fourth pharyngeal pouch VHOG:0000971 Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm. XAO:0000110 corpuscle glomerulus glomeral mesenchyme Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm. ISBN:0815318960 corpuscle XAO:0000110 glomerulus XAO:0000110 Ganglion which is located in the trunk. EFO:0000901 MAT:0000344 MIAA:0000344 TAO:0001573 ZFA:0001573 body ganglion trunk ganglia trunk ganglion Ganglion which is located in the trunk. ZFIN:curator body ganglion MAT:0000344 trunk ganglia ZFA:0001573 An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. EFO:0003497 TAO:0000131 ZFA:0000131 presumptive central nervous system neural keel An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 presumptive central nervous system ZFA:0000131 An internal carotid artery that branching_part_of a left common carotid artery plus branches. EMAPA:16329 FMA:4062 SCTID:161452006 arteria caritis interna sinistra left internal carotid artery An internal carotid artery that branching_part_of a left common carotid artery plus branches. OBOL:automatic arteria caritis interna sinistra FMA:4062 An internal carotid artery that branching_part_of a right common carotid artery plus branches. EMAPA:16330 FMA:3949 SCTID:161251001 arteria carotis interna dextra right internal carotid artery An internal carotid artery that branching_part_of a right common carotid artery plus branches. OBOL:automatic arteria carotis interna dextra FMA:3949 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a midgut. EMAPA:18377 FMA:54366 midgut lumen lumen of midgut An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a midgut. OBOL:automatic midgut lumen FMA:54366 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a hindgut. EMAPA:18396 FMA:54367 hindgut lumen lumen of hindgut An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a hindgut. OBOL:automatic hindgut lumen FMA:54367 A valve leafleft that is part of a mitral valve. EMAPA:18628 FMA:7241 SCTID:244353007 VHOG:0000822 leaflet of mitral valve mitral valve leaflet mitral valvular leaflet mitral valve leaflets mitral valve leaflet A valve leafleft that is part of a mitral valve. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 leaflet of mitral valve FMA:7241 mitral valve leaflet FMA:7241 mitral valvular leaflet FMA:7241 mitral valve leaflets VHOG:0000822 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal. EMAPA:18836 FMA:17357 anal canal lumen lumen of anal canal An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal. OBOL:automatic anal canal lumen FMA:17357 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a colon. EMAPA:18945 FMA:18374 SCTID:362156004 colon lumen colonic lumen lumen of colon An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a colon. OBOL:automatic colon lumen FMA:18374 colonic lumen FMA:18374 The inferior petrosal sinus, within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. It drains from the cavernous sinus (beneath the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses above the internal jugular vein. EMAPA:19234 FMA:50770 SCTID:279263009 Wikipedia:Inferior_petrosal_sinus sinus petrosal inferior inferior petrosal sinus The inferior petrosal sinus, within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. It drains from the cavernous sinus (beneath the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses above the internal jugular vein. Wikipedia:Inferior_petrosal_sinus sinus petrosal inferior FMA:50770 EMAPA:25124 FMA:23797 scapular border border of scapula scapular border FMA:23797 EMAPA:25125 FMA:23800 scapular angle angle of scapula scapular angle FMA:23800 The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. It begins above at the lower margin of the glenoid cavity, and inclines obliquely downward and backward to the inferior angle. Immediately below the glenoid cavity is a rough impression, the infraglenoid tuberosity, about 2.5 cm. in length, which gives origin to the long head of the Triceps brachii; in front of this is a longitudinal groove, which extends as far as the lower third of this border, and affords origin to part of the Subscapularis. The inferior third is thin and sharp, and serves for the attachment of a few fibers of the Teres major behind, and of the Subscapularis in front. EMAPA:25126 FMA:23239 Wikipedia:Lateral_border_of_the_scapula axillary border of scapula lateral border of scapula margo lateralis (scapula) margo lateralis scapulae lateral part of scapula lateral border of scapula The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. It begins above at the lower margin of the glenoid cavity, and inclines obliquely downward and backward to the inferior angle. Immediately below the glenoid cavity is a rough impression, the infraglenoid tuberosity, about 2.5 cm. in length, which gives origin to the long head of the Triceps brachii; in front of this is a longitudinal groove, which extends as far as the lower third of this border, and affords origin to part of the Subscapularis. The inferior third is thin and sharp, and serves for the attachment of a few fibers of the Teres major behind, and of the Subscapularis in front. Wikipedia:Lateral_border_of_the_scapula axillary border of scapula FMA:23239 lateral border of scapula FMA:23239 margo lateralis (scapula) FMA:23239 margo lateralis scapulae FMA:23239 FMA:TA lateral part of scapula FMA:23239 The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. It is arched, intermediate in thickness between the superior and the axillary borders, and the portion of it above the spine forms an obtuse angle with the part below. This border presents an anterior and a posterior lip, and an intermediate narrow area. The anterior lip affords attachment to the Serratus anterior; the posterior lip, to the Supraspinatus above the spine, the Infraspinatus below; the area between the two lips, to the Levator scapulC& above the triangular surface at the commencement of the spine, to the Rhomboideus minor on the edge of that surface, and to the Rhomboideus major below it; this last is attached by means of a fibrous arch, connected above to the lower part of the triangular surface at the base of the spine, and below to the lower part of the border. EMAPA:25127 FMA:23242 SCTID:368187009 Wikipedia:Medial_border_of_scapula margo medialis (scapula) margo medialis scapulae medial part of scapula vertebral border of scapula medial border of the scapula medial margin of the scapula vertebral border vertebral border of the scapula medial border of scapula The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. It is arched, intermediate in thickness between the superior and the axillary borders, and the portion of it above the spine forms an obtuse angle with the part below. This border presents an anterior and a posterior lip, and an intermediate narrow area. The anterior lip affords attachment to the Serratus anterior; the posterior lip, to the Supraspinatus above the spine, the Infraspinatus below; the area between the two lips, to the Levator scapulC& above the triangular surface at the commencement of the spine, to the Rhomboideus minor on the edge of that surface, and to the Rhomboideus major below it; this last is attached by means of a fibrous arch, connected above to the lower part of the triangular surface at the base of the spine, and below to the lower part of the border. Wikipedia:Medial_border_of_scapula margo medialis (scapula) FMA:23242 margo medialis scapulae FMA:23242 FMA:TA medial part of scapula FMA:23242 vertebral border of scapula FMA:23242 medial border of the scapula Wikipedia:Medial_border_of_scapula medial margin of the scapula Wikipedia:Medial_border_of_scapula vertebral border Wikipedia:Medial_border_of_scapula vertebral border of the scapula Wikipedia:Medial_border_of_scapula An angle of the scapula formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi.[WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:25128 FMA:13315 Wikipedia:Inferior_angle_of_scapula angulus inferior (scapula) angulus inferior scapulae inferior angle of scapula An angle of the scapula formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi.[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Inferior_angle_of_scapula angulus inferior (scapula) FMA:13315 angulus inferior scapulae Wikipedia:Inferior_angle_of_scapula A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. EMAPA:27395 FMA:15657 MA:0003196 SCTID:113284008 colonic lamina propria lamina propria mucosae of colon lamina propria of colonic mucosa lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane lamina propria of mucosa of colon A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. OBOL:automatic colonic lamina propria FMA:15657 lamina propria mucosae of colon FMA:15657 lamina propria of colonic mucosa FMA:15657 lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane FMA:15657 A serous membrane that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum. EMAPA:29903 FMA:18324 serosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube serosa of infundibulum of oviduct serosa of infundibulum of uterine tube A serous membrane that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum. OBOL:automatic serosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube FMA:18324 serosa of infundibulum of oviduct FMA:18324 A muscle layer that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum. EMAPA:31264 FMA:18336 muscle layer of infundibulum of fallopian tube muscle layer of infundibulum of oviduct muscularis of infundibulum of uterine tube muscle layer of infundibulum of uterine tube A muscle layer that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum. OBOL:automatic muscle layer of infundibulum of fallopian tube FMA:18336 muscle layer of infundibulum of oviduct FMA:18336 muscularis of infundibulum of uterine tube FMA:18336 A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium. BTO:0003157 EMAPA:16133 FMA:18149 SCTID:67300002 mesothelium of pericardium pericardial mesothelium serous pericardium mesothelium mesothelium of serous pericardium A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium. OBOL:automatic mesothelium of pericardium FMA:18149 pericardial mesothelium FMA:18149 serous pericardium mesothelium FMA:18149 The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. CALOHA:TS-0085 FMA:21426 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow#Stroma bone marrow stroma stroma of bone marrow The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis. Wikipedia:Bone_marrow#Stroma bone marrow stroma FMA:21426 The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. FMA:7393 NCIT:C117875 SCTID:361384001 Wikipedia:Tracheobronchial_tree arbor tracheobronchialis tracheobronchial system tracheobronchial tree The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Wikipedia:Tracheobronchial_tree arbor tracheobronchialis FMA:7393 FMA:TA tracheobronchial system HP:0005607 Multicellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. AAO:0010035 BILA:0000029 CARO:0000029 HAO:0000029 TADS:0000601 WBbt:0007849 dioecious organism hermaphrodite hermaphroditic organism Multicellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 dioecious organism BILA:0000029 hermaphrodite WBbt:0007849 The vasculature consisting of brachiocephalic arteries and veins. brachiocephalic vasculature The vasculature consisting of brachiocephalic arteries and veins. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. EFO:0003572 EHDAA2:0000735 EMAPA:16169 EMAPA:16271 EMAPA_RETIRED:16271 TAO:0000787 ZFA:0000787 head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest head mesenchyme from neural crest head neural crest derived mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from head neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. OBOL:automatic head mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0000735 Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest. EHDAA2:0002093 EMAPA:16182 TAO:0000999 ZFA:0000999 trunk mesenchyme from neural crest trunk neural crest derived mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest. OBOL:automatic trunk mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0002093 An embryo stage that covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. EV:0300011 EVM:2990031 FBdv:00005333 FMA:63631 MIAA:0000399 MmusDv:0000031 OGES:000023 SCTID:367619004 embryo late (growth) stage fetal stage fetus fetus stage embryo late growth stage embryo late stage late embryonic stage An embryo stage that covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 embryo late (growth) stage MIAA:0000399 fetal stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fetus MIAA:0000399 fetus stage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 embryo late growth stage BTO:0000449 embryo late stage BTO:0000449 EHDAA2:0000031 EHDAA:583 EMAPA:16382 VHOG:0000510 ventral pharyngeal arch 1 ventral mandibular arch ventral visceral arch 1 1st arch mandibular component ventral pharyngeal arch 1 VHOG:0000510 ventral mandibular arch VHOG:0000510 ventral visceral arch 1 VHOG:0000510 EHDAA2:0000038 EHDAA:595 EMAPA:16388 1st arch maxillary component A tunica media that is part of a artery. EMAPA:36294 EV:0100029 FMA:14273 NCIT:C49321 SCTID:84300001 arterial media tunica media (arteriae) tunica media of artery A tunica media that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic arterial media EV:0100029 tunica media (arteriae) FMA:14273 A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. EMAPA:36295 EV:0100030 FMA:14274 SCTID:113261001 arterial adventitia tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) tunica adventitia of artery A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic arterial adventitia EV:0100030 tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) FMA:14274 A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. EMAPA:36310 EV:0100034 FMA:14355 SCTID:13202006 tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) venous adventitia tunica adventitia of vein A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) FMA:14355 venous adventitia EV:0100034 A tunica intima that is part of a vein. EMAPA:36308 EV:0100032 FMA:14353 SCTID:2436009 tunica interna (intima)(venae) venous intima tunica intima of vein A tunica intima that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic tunica interna (intima)(venae) FMA:14353 venous intima EV:0100032 A tunica media that is part of a vein. EMAPA:36309 EV:0100033 FMA:14354 SCTID:42049001 tunica media (venae) venous media tunica media of vein A tunica media that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic tunica media (venae) FMA:14354 venous media EV:0100033 Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. FMA:256381 FMA:84059 cluster of neural nuclei neural nuclei nuclear complex nuclear complex of neuraxis Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any of the nuclei that comprise the superior olivary complex (superior olive). This includes both the primary nuclei such as the lateral and medial nuclei, as well as periolivary nuclei. FMA:72246 SCTID:369024009 superior olivary complex nucleus nucleus of superior olivary complex Any of the nuclei that comprise the superior olivary complex (superior olive). This includes both the primary nuclei such as the lateral and medial nuclei, as well as periolivary nuclei. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 superior olivary complex nucleus FMA:72246 An intervertebral disk that is part of a cervical region of vertebral column. A cervical intervertebral disk connects at least one cervical vertebra, either to another cervical vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a thoracic vertebra. EMAPA:19415 FMA:13895 SCTID:68818006 cervical intervertebral disc intervertebral disc of cervical region intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra An intervertebral disk that is part of a cervical region of vertebral column. A cervical intervertebral disk connects at least one cervical vertebra, either to another cervical vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a thoracic vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cervical intervertebral disc FMA:13895 intervertebral disc of cervical region EMAPA:19415 An intervertebral disk that is part of a thoracic region of vertebral column. A thoracic intervertebral disk connects at least one thoracic vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a lumbar vertebra. EMAPA:19489 FMA:10455 intervertebral disc of thoracic region intervertebral disk of thoracic vertebra An intervertebral disk that is part of a thoracic region of vertebral column. A thoracic intervertebral disk connects at least one thoracic vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a lumbar vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 intervertebral disc of thoracic region EMAPA:19489 An intervertebral disk that is part of a lumbar region of vertebral column. A lumbar intervertebral disk connects at least one lumbar vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a sacral vertebra. EMAPA:19468 FMA:13894 intervertebral disc of lumbar region intervertebral disk of lumbar vertebra An intervertebral disk that is part of a lumbar region of vertebral column. A lumbar intervertebral disk connects at least one lumbar vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a sacral vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 intervertebral disc of lumbar region EMAPA:19468 An intervertebral disk that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column. A sacral intervertebral disk connects at least one sacral vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a sacral vertebra. EMAPA:19575 FMA:268676 intervertebral disc of sacral region intervertebral disk of sacral vertebra An intervertebral disk that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column. A sacral intervertebral disk connects at least one sacral vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a sacral vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 intervertebral disc of sacral region EMAPA:19575 An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 3 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 4. EMAPA:19422 FMA:13896 C3 intervertebral disk intervertebral disk, C3-C4 intervertebral disk of third cervical vertebra An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 3 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 4. OBOL:automatic C3 intervertebral disk FMA:13896 intervertebral disk, C3-C4 FMA:13896 An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 4 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 5. EMAPA:19425 FMA:13897 SCTID:361748005 intervertebral disc of fourth cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C4-C5 intervertebral disk of fourth cervical vertebra An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 4 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 5. OBOL:automatic intervertebral disc of fourth cervical vertebra FMA:13897 intervertebral disk, C4-C5 FMA:13897 An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 5 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 6. EMAPA:19428 FMA:13898 SCTID:361749002 intervertebral disc of fifth cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C5-C6 intervertebral disk of fifth cervical vertebra An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 5 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 6. OBOL:automatic intervertebral disc of fifth cervical vertebra FMA:13898 intervertebral disk, C5-C6 FMA:13898 An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 6 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 7. EMAPA:19460 FMA:13899 intervertebral disk, C6-C7 intervertebral disk of sixth cervical vertebra An intervertebral disk that connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 6 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 7. OBOL:automatic intervertebral disk, C6-C7 FMA:13899 An intervertebral disk that connects a thoracic vertebra and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 7. EMAPA:19463 FMA:13900 intervertebral disk, C7-T1 intervertebral disk of seventh cervical vertebra An intervertebral disk that connects a thoracic vertebra and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 7. OBOL:automatic intervertebral disk, C7-T1 FMA:13900 An intervertebral disk that connects a vertebral bone 2 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 3. EMAPA:19419 FMA:25058 C2 disk C2 intervertebral disk intervertebral disc of cervical vertebra 2 intervertebral disc of second cervical vertebra intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra 2 intervertebral disk of second cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C2-C3 second cervical intervertebral disk intervertebral disk of axis An intervertebral disk that connects a vertebral bone 2 and connects a mammalian cervical vertebra 3. OBOL:automatic C2 disk FMA:25058 C2 intervertebral disk FMA:25058 intervertebral disc of cervical vertebra 2 FMA:25058 intervertebral disc of second cervical vertebra FMA:25058 intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra 2 FMA:25058 intervertebral disk of second cervical vertebra FMA:25058 intervertebral disk, C2-C3 FMA:25058 second cervical intervertebral disk FMA:25058 An intervertebral disk that connects a vertebral bone 1 and connects a vertebral bone 2. EMAPA:19416 C1 disk C1 intervertebral disk first cervical intervertebral disk intervertebral disc of cervical vertebra 1 intervertebral disc of first cervical vertebra intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra 1 intervertebral disk of first cervical vertebra intervertebral disk, C1-C2 intervertebral disk of atlas An intervertebral disk that connects a vertebral bone 1 and connects a vertebral bone 2. OBOL:automatic A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a trachea. EHDAA2:0002070 EHDAA:7082 trachea pre-cartilage rings A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a trachea. OBOL:automatic Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral appendage. EFO:0003540 TAO:0000563 ZFA:0000563 pectoral fin muscle pectoral fin musculature pectoral appendage musculature Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral appendage. OBOL:automatic pectoral fin muscle ZFA:0000563 pectoral fin musculature ZFA:0000563 Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic appendage. TAO:0000258 ZFA:0000258 pelvic fin musculature pelvic appendage musculature Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic appendage. OBOL:automatic pelvic fin musculature ZFA:0000258 Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage. TAO:0000207 ZFA:0000207 fin musculature appendage musculature Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage. OBOL:automatic fin musculature ZFA:0000207 Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. VSAO:0005000 cheiropterygium pectoral appendage skeleton Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle. VSAO:0005000 VSAO:NI cheiropterygium VSAO:0005000 VSAO:NI The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. pelvic appendage skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. BAMS:HB CALOHA:TS-2118 EFO:0003440 EHDAA2:0001630 FMA:295640 TAO:0000569 Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon ZFA:0000569 presumptive rhombencephalon embryonic rhombencephalon future hindbrain rhombencephalon presumptive hindbrain The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon presumptive rhombencephalon ZFA:0000569 embryonic rhombencephalon CALOHA:TS-2118 future hindbrain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 rhombencephalon EHDAA2:0001630 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. TAO:0002233 ZFA:0001724 presumptive endocardium A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. OBOL:automatic Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. EFO:0003446 TAO:0001187 XAO:0004086 ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary ZFA:0001187 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. EFO:0003421 TAO:0000053 ZFA:0000053 presumptive segmental plates presumptive segmental plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. OBOL:automatic presumptive segmental plates ZFA:0000053 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. EFO:0003424 TAO:0000063 ZFA:0000063 prospective neuroectoderm prospective vegetal ectoderm presumptive neural plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. OBOL:automatic prospective neuroectoderm ZFA:0000063 prospective vegetal ectoderm ZFA:0000063 The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. EFO:0003443 TAO:0000591 XAO:0004134 ZFA:0000591 future paraxial mesenchyme future paraxial mesoderm presumptive paraxial mesoderm The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. UBERON:cjm https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1277 future paraxial mesenchyme UBERON:cjm A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain-midbrain boundary. EFO:0003463 TAO:0001368 ZFA:0001368 presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain-midbrain boundary. OBOL:automatic A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a pronephric mesoderm. EFO:0003619 TAO:0001070 ZFA:0001070 nephron primordium presumptive pronephric mesoderm A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a pronephric mesoderm. OBOL:automatic nephron primordium ZFA:0001070 A blood vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. TAO:0005301 ZFA:0005301 pectoral fin blood vessel pectoral appendage blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. OBOL:automatic pectoral fin blood vessel ZFA:0005301 A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin. TAO:0005299 ZFA:0005299 fin blood vessel limb blood vessel appendage blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin. OBOL:automatic fin blood vessel ZFA:0005299 limb blood vessel A vasculature that is part of a pectoral appendage. TAO:0005096 ZFA:0005096 pectoral fin vasculature pectoral appendage vasculature A vasculature that is part of a pectoral appendage. OBOL:automatic pectoral fin vasculature ZFA:0005096 A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. TAO:0005003 ZFA:0005003 branchial vasculature pharyngeal vasculature A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. OBOL:automatic branchial vasculature ZFA:0005003 A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin. TAO:0005095 ZFA:0005095 fin vasculature appendage vasculature A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin. OBOL:automatic fin vasculature ZFA:0005095 A glomerular capillary that is part of a pronephros. TAO:0005309 ZFA:0005309 pronephric glomerular capillary A glomerular capillary that is part of a pronephros. OBOL:automatic A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros. TAO:0005313 ZFA:0005313 pronephric glomerular filtration membrane pronephric glomerular basement membrane A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros. OBOL:automatic pronephric glomerular filtration membrane ZFA:0005313 Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. BTO:0001297 CALOHA:TS-0963 EMAPA:36553 FMA:312401 GAID:1171 MA:0002536 MESH:D013183 NCIT:C13278 expectoration sputum Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource expectoration BTO:0001297 Either of two main superficial veins of the leg, one larger than the other, that begin at the foot. BTO:0001808 CALOHA:TS-0893 MA:0002215 MESH:D012501 NCIT:C33511 saphenous vein Either of two main superficial veins of the leg, one larger than the other, that begin at the foot. BTO:0001808 A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. FMA:16012 MA:0000721 lobulus pancreaticus pancreas lobe pancreatic lobule pancreatic lobule A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. ISBN:0123813611 lobulus pancreaticus FMA:16012 pancreas lobe MA:0000721 pancreatic lobule FMA:16012 A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. EHDAA:9194 EMAPA:32952 FMA:10419 MA:0000124 SCTID:181278006 TAO:0001372 VHOG:0000254 Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct ZFA:0001372 duct of pancreas pancreas duct ductus pancreaticus pancreatic duct A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. GOC:cvs GOC:ymb Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1250 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 duct of pancreas OBOL:accepted pancreas duct OBOL:accepted ductus pancreaticus Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct An anatomical surface that is part of a tongue. FMA:54647 SCTID:314870004 tongue surface surface of tongue An anatomical surface that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic tongue surface FMA:54647 A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. CALOHA:TS-2212 Wikipedia:Palate roof of buccal cavity roof of oral cavity palate palatum primary or secondary palate roof of mouth A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 palatum The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. BSA:0000073 BTO:0000313 HAO:0000298 TADS:0000109 WBbt:0005733 Wikipedia:Epidermis_(zoology) epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer hypoderm hypodermis outer epithelium The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. GO:0008544 epidermis GO:0008544 hypoderm BTO:0000313 hypodermis GO:0008544 WBbt:0005733 The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird (especially by the common domestic chicken) or a reptile; also: its contents used as food. BSA:0000081 BTO:0000369 Wikipedia:Egg_(biology) egg shelled egg The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird (especially by the common domestic chicken) or a reptile; also: its contents used as food. BTO:0000369 Wikipedia:Egg_(biology) egg BTO:0000369 Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. EFO:0003425 TAO:0000086 ZFA:0000086 EVL enveloping layer enveloping layer of ectoderm Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EVL ZFA:0000086 enveloping layer ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 A lymphatic vessel that is part of a limb/fin. TAO:0005300 ZFA:0005300 appendage lymph vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a limb/fin. OBOL:automatic A lymphatic vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. TAO:0005302 ZFA:0005302 pectoral appendage lymph vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage. OBOL:automatic A lymphatic vessel that is part of a pelvic appendage. pelvic appendage lymph vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a pelvic appendage. OBOL:automatic A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin. TAO:0001543 ZFA:0001543 paired limb/fin cartilage A cartilage tissue that is part of a paired limb or fin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage. TAO:0000257 ZFA:0000257 pectoral fin cartilage pectoral appendage cartilage tissue A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage. OBOL:automatic pectoral fin cartilage TAO:0000257 A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage. TAO:0001459 ZFA:0001459 pelvic fin cartilage pelvic appendage cartilage tissue A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage. OBOL:automatic pelvic fin cartilage TAO:0001459 A nucleus of brain that spans a midbrain tegmentum. FMA:258768 ZFA:0005577 tegmental nuclei tegmental nucleus nucleus of midbrain tegmentum A nucleus of brain that spans a midbrain tegmentum. OBOL:automatic tegmental nuclei tegmental nucleus ZFA:0005577 The space within an epithelial sphere. AEO:0000079 cavity of vesicle lumen of epithelial sac The space within an epithelial sphere. AEO:JB cavity of vesicle AEO:0000079 A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. AEO:0000081 EHDAA2:0003081 matrix-based tissue A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. AEO:JB Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is keratin. AEO:0000099 EHDAA2:0003099 keratin-based structure keratin-based acellular structure Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is keratin. AEO:JB keratin-based structure EHDAA2:0003099 An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. AEO:0000115 EHDAA2:0003115 epithelial sac An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. AEO:JB UBERONREF:0000001 An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. AEO_RETIRED:0000116 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 epithelial tube open at both ends An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. AEO:JB UBERONREF:0000001 A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal. AEO:0000117 EHDAA2:0003117 arborising epithelial duct system arborizing epithelial duct system A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal. AEO:JB UBERONREF:0000001 arborising epithelial duct system AEO:0000117 A closed epithelium with a lumen. AEO:0000119 EHDAA2:0003119 epithelial vesicle A closed epithelium with a lumen. AEO:JB A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:0000143 EHDAA2:0003143 SCTID:362915001 smooth muscle sphincter A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:JB A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:0000144 EHDAA2:0003144 striated muscle sphincter A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. AEO:JB Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. AEO:0000146 EHDAA2:0003146 dense mesenchyme tissue Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. AEO:JB Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts of extracellular matrix. AEO:0000151 EHDAA2:0003151 loose mesenchyme tissue Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts of extracellular matrix. AEO:JB Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. AEO:0000152 EHDAA2:0003152 migrating mesenchyme population Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. AEO:JB An anatomical structure that is undergoing regeneration. AEO:0000200 EHDAA2:0003233 TAO:0005147 XAO:0004059 ZFA:0005147 regenerating tissue regenerating tissues regenerative tissue regenerating anatomical structure An anatomical structure that is undergoing regeneration. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 regenerating tissue ZFA:0005147 regenerating tissues ZFA:0005147 A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct. FMA:62016 MA:0001719 epithelium of uterine tube uterine tube epithelium ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct. OBOL:automatic epithelium of uterine tube FMA:62016 uterine tube epithelium FMA:62016 A cuboidal epithelium that is part of a oviduct. MA:0001720 cuboidal oviduct epithelium A cuboidal epithelium that is part of a oviduct. OBOL:automatic Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]. FMA:64798 ciliated columnar epithelium Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]. FMA:64798 Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. ciliated epithelium Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ciliated+epithelium Stratified columnar epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. Stratified columnar epithelia are found in the ocular conjunctiva of the eye, in parts of the pharynx and anus, the female's uterus, the male urethra and vas deferens. Also found in intralobular ducts in salivary glands.[WP]. FMA:45564 NCIT:C33620 Wikipedia:Stratified_columnar_epithelia epithelium stratificatum columnare stratified columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. Stratified columnar epithelia are found in the ocular conjunctiva of the eye, in parts of the pharynx and anus, the female's uterus, the male urethra and vas deferens. Also found in intralobular ducts in salivary glands.[WP]. Wikipedia:Stratified_columnar_epithelia epithelium stratificatum columnare FMA:45564 FMA:67521 ciliated stratified columnar epithelium A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 CALOHA:TS-0998 FMA:66762 synovium stratum synoviale synovial layer synovial membrane synovial tissue layer of synovial tissue A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578563/synovial-tissue synovium CALOHA:TS-0998 stratum synoviale FMA:TA synovial layer FMA:66762 synovial membrane FMA:66762 synovial tissue BTO:0001338 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. FMA:11356 articular cavity (synovial joint) cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) cavity of synovial joint joint cavity synovial cavity synovial cavity of joint An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. OBOL:automatic articular cavity (synovial joint) FMA:11356 cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) FMA:11356 cavity of synovial joint FMA:11356 joint cavity FMA:11356 synovial cavity FMA:11356 A synovial cavity of joint that is part of a hip joint. EMAPA:19021 FMA:9701 synovial cavity of hip joint A synovial cavity of joint that is part of a hip joint. OBOL:automatic Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. GAID:907 MESH:D010857 eye pigment epithelium pigment epithelium of eye Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. MP:0005200 eye pigment epithelium MESH:A09.371.670 A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata. FMA:258772 SCTID:304943004 nucleus of medulla oblongata A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata. OBOL:automatic The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. BIRNLEX:4096 BM:V CALOHA:TS-2077 DHBA:266441713 FMA:71248 HBA:9203 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei neuronames:2021 trigeminal nuclei nuclei trigemini trigeminal nuclear complex The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]. Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei trigeminal nuclei FMA:71248 nuclei trigemini Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. FMA:12772 NCIT:C33769 SCTID:196374005 Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Lymph_nodes_of_the_thorax lymph node of thorax deep thoracic lymph node thoracic lymph node A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Lymph_nodes_of_the_thorax lymph node of thorax FMA:12772 deep thoracic lymph node FMA:12772 A developing mesenchymal capsule that covers the developing brain and spinal cord and is the precursor of the meningeal cluster. In mammals this gives rise to the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater. In cyclostomes and fishes, the future meninx gives rise to a single meningeal layer, the primitive meninx. EHDAA2:0004453 primary meninx meninx primitiva primitive meninx primordial meninx future meninx A developing mesenchymal capsule that covers the developing brain and spinal cord and is the precursor of the meningeal cluster. In mammals this gives rise to the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater. In cyclostomes and fishes, the future meninx gives rise to a single meningeal layer, the primitive meninx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 primary meninx EHDAA2:0004453 meninx primitiva MP:0009726 The outermost layer of the mesenchymal capsule that surrounds the developing brain, of mixed paraxial mesoderm and neural crest origin. The ectomeninx forms the dura mater (both inner layer and outer chondrogenic layer). EHDAA2:0004317 future dura mater ectomeninx The outermost layer of the mesenchymal capsule that surrounds the developing brain, of mixed paraxial mesoderm and neural crest origin. The ectomeninx forms the dura mater (both inner layer and outer chondrogenic layer). ISBN:9781607950325 future dura mater EHDAA2:0004317 2 An anatomical structure that connects two structures. junction FMA:5898 SCTID:91833003 anatomical junction anatomical junction An anatomical structure that connects two structures. http://code.google.com/p/caro2/issues/detail?id=15 A sphincter that is part of an esophagus. SCTID:277765007 esophageal sphincter A sphincter that is part of an esophagus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule. FMA:17691 uriniferous tubule Functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule. ISBN:0073040584 Region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop. kidney anlage kidney field Region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099864 GO:0072004 GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 kidney anlage GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. field AEO:0000170 EFO:0001649 EHDAA2:0003170 Wikipedia:Anlage_(biology) developmental field future organ organ field anlage Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. FBbt:00005426 http://flybase.org/reports/FBrf0178740.html Endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]. Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum diverticulum thyroideum saccus thyroideus thyroid diverticulum Endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]. MP:0004662 Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum diverticulum thyroideum Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum saccus thyroideus Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum EFO:0003626 EHDAA2:0001457 EHDAA:962 TAO:0001104 ZFA:0001104 early pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal endoderm pharyngeal region endoderm relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' early pharyngeal endoderm early pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0001457 pharyngeal endoderm ZFA:0001104 pharyngeal region endoderm EHDAA2:0001456 The minute opening of a taste bud on the surface of the oral mucosa through which the gustatory hairs of the specialised neuroepithelial gustatory cells project. FMA:63589 NCIT:C33738 SCTID:368724008 porus gustatorius taste pore gustatory pore The minute opening of a taste bud on the surface of the oral mucosa through which the gustatory hairs of the specialised neuroepithelial gustatory cells project. http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?gustatory+pore porus gustatorius http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?gustatory+pore taste pore FMA:63589 A nucleus of brain that is part of a thalamus. BTO:0002452 EMAPA:35859 FMA:256693 MA:0002992 SCTID:279115000 Wikipedia:List_of_thalamic_nuclei thalamic nucleus nuclear complex of thalamus nucleus of thalamus A nucleus of brain that is part of a thalamus. OBOL:automatic thalamic nucleus MA:0002992 nuclear complex of thalamus FMA:256693 A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. baculum os penis/os clitoris bone of reproductive organ A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. OBOL:automatic https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1158 2 The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to that in the metatarsophalangeal articulations: the Extensor tendons supply the places of dorsal ligaments. EMAPA:36337 FMA:35225 MESH:D014033 NCIT:C32867 NCIT:C33789 SCTID:182225005 Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_foot foot interphalangeal joint hindlimb digit inter-phalangeal joint interphalangeal joint of foot interphalangeal joint of toe toe joint interphalangeal joint of pes The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to that in the metatarsophalangeal articulations: the Extensor tendons supply the places of dorsal ligaments. Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_foot foot interphalangeal joint MESH:A02.835.583.378.900 hindlimb digit inter-phalangeal joint EMAPA:36337 interphalangeal joint of foot FMA:35225 interphalangeal joint of toe FMA:35225 NCBITaxon:9606 toe joint MESH:A02.835.583.378.900 2 The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb): 'proximal interphalangeal joints' (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges 'distal interphalangeal joints' (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges A similar group of articulations also function in the toes. EMAPA:36336 FMA:35285 NCIT:C32868 SCTID:303280009 Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand articulationes digitorum manus articulationes interphalangeae manus interphalangeal joint of hand interphalangeal joint of finger IP joint articulations of the digits interphalangeal articulations of hand interphalangeal joints of hand interphalangeal joint of manus The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb): 'proximal interphalangeal joints' (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges 'distal interphalangeal joints' (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges A similar group of articulations also function in the toes. Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand articulationes digitorum manus Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand articulationes interphalangeae manus Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand interphalangeal joint of hand FMA:35285 interphalangeal joint of finger FMA:35285 NCBITaxon:9606 IP joint FMA:35285 articulations of the digits Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand interphalangeal articulations of hand Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand interphalangeal joints of hand Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand 2 An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 1. EMAPA:25058 FMA:35312 NCIT:C102306 SCTID:182192008 interphalangeal joint of first digit of hand interphalangeal joint of hand digit 1 interphalangeal joint of manual digit 1 interphalangeal joint of manual digit I interphalangeal joint of pollex interphalangeal joint of thumb interphalangeal joint of manual digit 1 An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 1. OBOL:automatic interphalangeal joint of first digit of hand FMA:35312 interphalangeal joint of manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 interphalangeal joint of thumb FMA:35312 NCBITaxon:9606 2 An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 1. EMAPA:26430 FMA:35353 SCTID:363671008 interphalangeal joint of first digit of foot interphalangeal joint of first digit of pes interphalangeal joint of foot digit 1 interphalangeal joint of great toe interphalangeal joint of hallux interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 interphalangeal joint of pedal digit I interphalangeal joint of big toe interphalangeal joint of first toe interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 1. OBOL:automatic interphalangeal joint of first digit of foot FMA:35353 interphalangeal joint of first digit of pes FMA:35353 interphalangeal joint of great toe FMA:35353 interphalangeal joint of pedal digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 interphalangeal joint of big toe FMA:35353 NCBITaxon:9606 interphalangeal joint of first toe FMA:35353 2 An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 5. EMAPA:26478 FMA:35365 interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot interphalangeal joint of fifth toe interphalangeal joint of pedal digit V interphalangeal joint of little toe interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 5. OBOL:automatic interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot FMA:35365 interphalangeal joint of fifth toe FMA:35365 interphalangeal joint of pedal digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 interphalangeal joint of little toe FMA:35365 NCBITaxon:9606 2 An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 5. EMAPA:25070 FMA:35407 interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand interphalangeal joint of fifth finger interphalangeal joint of manual digit V interphalangeal joint of little finger interphalangeal joint of manual digit 5 An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 5. OBOL:automatic interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand FMA:35407 interphalangeal joint of fifth finger FMA:35407 interphalangeal joint of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 interphalangeal joint of little finger FMA:35407 NCBITaxon:9606 A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1. EMAPA:25057 FMA:35249 SCTID:361844001 metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 1 metacarpophalangeal joint of first digit of hand metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit I metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 1 of fore-paw metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 1 A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1. OBOL:automatic metacarpophalangeal joint of first digit of hand FMA:35249 metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 1 of fore-paw EMAPA:25057 metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb FMA:35249 NCBITaxon:9606 A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5. EMAPA:25069 FMA:35261 SCTID:361848003 metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 5 metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth finger metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit V metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of fore-paw metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5 A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5. OBOL:automatic metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand FMA:35261 metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth finger FMA:35261 metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of fore-paw EMAPA:25069 metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger FMA:35261 NCBITaxon:9606 A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1. EMAPA:26436 FMA:35228 NCIT:C102321 SCTID:182223003 first metatarsophalangeal joint metatarsophalangeal joint of first digit of foot metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit I metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe metatarsophalangeal joint of first toe metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1. OBOL:automatic metatarsophalangeal joint of first digit of foot FMA:35228 metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe FMA:35228 metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe FMA:35228 NCBITaxon:9606 metatarsophalangeal joint of first toe FMA:35228 A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5. EMAPA:26484 FMA:35240 SCTID:361872008 metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit V metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5. OBOL:automatic metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot FMA:35240 metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe FMA:35240 metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe FMA:35240 NCBITaxon:9606 A gland that is part of a epidermis. FMA:59153 epidermal gland gland of epidermis epidermis gland A gland that is part of a epidermis. OBOL:automatic gland of epidermis FMA:59153 Any portion of sweat that is produced by a sweat gland of the scrotum. FMA:73266 scrotum sweat sweat of scrotal sac sweat of scrotum scrotal sweat Any portion of sweat that is produced by a sweat gland of the scrotum. OBOL:automatic scrotum sweat OBOL:automatic sweat of scrotal sac OBOL:automatic sweat of scrotum FMA:73266 Any sweat gland that is part of a scrotum. EMAPA:29743 scrotal sweat gland Any sweat gland that is part of a scrotum. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery. BTO:0000857 umbilical artery endothelium An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery. OBOL:automatic Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. FMA:12276 GAID:1195 MESH:D005122 ncithesaurus:Transudate plasma ultrafiltrate transudate Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transudate Any fluid produced by a serous gland. serous fluid Wikipedia:Serous_fluid serosal fluid serous gland fluid secretion of serous gland Any fluid produced by a serous gland. UBERON:cjm serosal fluid Wikipedia:Serous_fluid Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. BTO:0001085 CALOHA:TS-2053 EHDAA2:0004520 EMAPA:35905 MA:0002718 NCIT:C33854 vascular system Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues; the precursor of the umbilical cord. BTO:0004705 NCIT:C34132 connecting stalk A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues; the precursor of the umbilical cord. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ A vasculature that is part of a connecting stalk. EHDAA2:0000313 connecting stalk blood vessels connecting stalk blood vessel vasculature of connecting stalk connecting stalk vasculature A vasculature that is part of a connecting stalk. OBOL:automatic connecting stalk blood vessels EHDAA2:0000313 Adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. This includes any subcutaneous fat, visceral fat or encapsulated adipose tissue depots. CALOHA:TS-0002 EFO:0003771 abdominal adipose tissue abdominal fat intra-abdominal fat adipose tissue of abdominal region Adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. This includes any subcutaneous fat, visceral fat or encapsulated adipose tissue depots. CALOHA:paula MGI:csmith http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/259 abdominal adipose tissue BTO:0004041 abdominal fat BTO:0004041 intra-abdominal fat BTO:0004041 The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. CALOHA:TS-2356 EV:0100009 FMA:280881 MA:0000006 NCIT:C12418 SCTID:361355005 WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck galen:HeadAndNeck cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region head and neck head or neck craniocervical region The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cephalic area https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/379 cephalic part of animal Wikipedia:Head cephalic region https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/379 head and neck FMA:280881 An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). girdle girdle region FMA:24874 VSAO:0000303 fin girdle fin girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region appendage girdle region An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fin girdle fin girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum. FMA:20570 TAO:0005129 XAO:0000138 ZFA:0005129 peritoneal mesentery Mesentery that is located in the peritoneum. UBERON:cjm External part of the nose containing the external nares. FMA:59515 NCIT:C32566 SCTID:265785009 nose external nose External part of the nose containing the external nares. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. EMAPA:35379 MA:0000291 girdle bone girdle bone/zone A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. OBOL:automatic girdle bone MA:0000291 A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. EMAPA:35669 MA:0000292 bone of pectoral girdle pectoral girdle bone A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. OBOL:automatic A bone element or fused bone that is part of pelvic girdle. MA:0000293 NCIT:C33287 SCTID:426214007 bone of pelvic girdle pelvic girdle bone pelvic girdle bone/zone A bone element or fused bone that is part of pelvic girdle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic girdle bone MA:0000293 A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. AAO:0000422 AAO:0000754 EFO:0000946 EHDAA2:0001420 FMA:24141 MAT:0000181 MIAA:0000181 NCIT:C33547 TAO:0000407 VHOG:0001156 VSAO:0000156 Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle XAO:0003063 ZFA:0000407 skeletal parts of pectoral girdle skeleton of pectoral girdle cingulum pectorale pectoral girdle scapular girdle pectoral girdle skeleton A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle skeletal parts of pectoral girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeleton of pectoral girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cingulum pectorale Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle pectoral girdle VSAO:0000156 scapular girdle TAO:0000407 Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. AAO:0000426 AAO:0000768 EFO:0000947 EHDAA2:0001426 EHDAA:7149 EHDAA:8324 EMAPA:18028 FMA:87592 MAT:0000182 MIAA:0000182 TAO:0000565 VHOG:0000305 VSAO:0000155 Wikipedia:Pelvis XAO:0003064 ZFA:0000565 galen:PelvicGirdle http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/pectoralgirdles.gif pelvic girdle skeleton skeletal parts of pelvic girdle skeleton of pelvic girdle pelvic girdle pelvic girdle skeleton Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. VSAO:0000155 Wikipedia:Pelvis pelvic girdle skeleton VSAO:0000155 skeletal parts of pelvic girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeleton of pelvic girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic girdle VSAO:0000155 Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. AEO:0000085 EHDAA2:0003085 TAO:0001645 VSAO:0000023 XAO:0004014 ZFA:0001636 membrane bones membrane bone Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000023 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 membrane bones ZFA:0001636 Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. AAO:0011130 CALOHA:TS-0118 FMA:55107 VSAO:0000000 XAO:0004013 ZFA:0001501 cartilage organ cartilaginous element chondrogenic element cartilage cartilage element Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000000 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 cartilage organ FMA:55107 cartilaginous element https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 chondrogenic element VSAO:0000000 cartilage VSAO:0000000 Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. FMA:20103 regular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. FMA:20103 Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). FMA:64781 NCIT:C33453 SCTID:22560007 VSAO:0000050 Wikipedia:Dense_regular_connective_tissue XAO:0004030 dense fibrous connective tissue dense regular collagenous connective tissue dense regular collagenous tissue regular dense connective tissue typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) dense regular connective tissue Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000050 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 dense fibrous connective tissue FMA:64781 dense regular collagenous connective tissue FMA:64781 dense regular collagenous tissue FMA:64781 typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) FMA:64781 A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. MA:0000569 head or neck bone cranial bone bone of craniocervical region A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic head or neck bone MA:0000569 A sesamoid bone that is part of a manus. FMA:42353 SCTID:368448000 sesamoid bone of hand sesamoid bone of manus A sesamoid bone that is part of a manus. OBOL:automatic sesamoid bone of hand FMA:42353 A sesamoid bone that is part of a pes. FMA:45096 SCTID:244675002 sesamoid bone of foot sesamoid bone of pes A sesamoid bone that is part of a pes. OBOL:automatic sesamoid bone of foot FMA:45096 The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. FMA:7477 NCIT:C32881 SCTID:421560006 Wikipedia:Irregular_bone os irregulare os irregulare irregular bone The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. Wikipedia:Irregular_bone os irregulare Wikipedia:Irregular_bone A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. MA:0001505 girdle joint joint of girdle A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. OBOL:automatic girdle joint OBOL:automatic An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. FMA:76668 cartilage surface surface of cartilage An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. OBOL:automatic cartilage surface FMA:76668 A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. FMA:7478 SCTID:333008005 Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity galen:PneumaticBone os pneumaticum pneumatic bone hollow bone pneumatized bone A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=11303 os pneumaticum FMA:7478 pneumatic bone FMA:7478 Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region. FMA:37347 muscle of shoulder girdle pectoral girdle muscle muscle of pectoral girdle Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region. OBOL:automatic muscle of shoulder girdle FMA:37347 pectoral girdle muscle FMA:37347 The part of the face above the eyes[MESH]. In human anatomy, the forehead is the fore part of the head. It is, formally, an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond[WP]. FMA:63864 GAID:74 MESH:D005546 NCIT:C89803 SCTID:362614004 Wikipedia:Forehead galen:Forehead fore head sinciput forehead The part of the face above the eyes[MESH]. In human anatomy, the forehead is the fore part of the head. It is, formally, an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond[WP]. MESH:A01.456.505.580 Wikipedia:Forehead fore head Wikipedia:Forehead sinciput Wikipedia:Forehead FMA:42854 MA:0000655 SCTID:304907005 bone of hip region The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the pelvis. FMA:9738 MA:0003089 SCTID:281903009 Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity space of pelvic compartment cavitas pelvis pelvic cavity The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the pelvis. UBERON:cjm space of pelvic compartment FMA:9738 cavitas pelvis Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. MA:0000571 TAO:0000328 ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle head muscles head or neck muscle craniocervical region musculature Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. ZFA:0000328 ZFA:curator head or neck muscle MA:0000571 head muscles ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle MA:0000571 Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. FMA:24217 MA:0000028 SCTID:362666008 dorsum of thorax posterior part of thorax thoracic back thoracic part of back upper back back of thorax dorsal thoracic segment of trunk Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. FMA:24217 dorsum of thorax FMA:24217 posterior part of thorax FMA:24217 thoracic back FMA:24217 thoracic part of back FMA:24217 upper back MA:0000028 back of thorax FMA:24217 A muscle of back that is part of a lower back. MA:0000502 SCTID:317178000 lower back muscle A muscle of back that is part of a lower back. OBOL:automatic A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. MA:0000508 SCTID:305071003 upper back muscle A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. OBOL:automatic A clavicle that is in the right side of a entire appendicular skeleton. FMA:13322 right clavicle A clavicle that is in the right side of a entire appendicular skeleton. OBOL:automatic A clavicle that is in the left side of a entire appendicular skeleton. FMA:13323 left clavicle A clavicle that is in the left side of a entire appendicular skeleton. OBOL:automatic The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. BTO:0001020 CALOHA:TS-0763 EMAPA:35679 FMA:56665 GAID:1259 MA:0002467 SCTID:245775004 Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber fibra periodontalis periodontal fiber periodontal fibre PDL alveolar periosteum alveolodental ligament alveolodental membrane desmodontium odontoperiosteum paradentium peridental membrane peridontal fiber peridontal fibre peridontal ligament peridontal ligament fiber peridontal ligament fibre peridontal membrane peridontium periodontium periodontal ligament The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. BTO:0001020 Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1233 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21 fibra periodontalis Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament periodontal fiber Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament periodontal fibre Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament PDL Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament alveolar periosteum BTO:0001020 alveolodental ligament BTO:0001020 alveolodental membrane BTO:0001020 desmodontium BTO:0001020 http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html odontoperiosteum BTO:0001020 paradentium BTO:0001020 peridental membrane BTO:0001020 peridontal fiber http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal fibre http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal ligament fiber http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal ligament fibre http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal membrane BTO:0001020 peridontium BTO:0001020 periodontium FMA:56665 A knoblike tooth primordium that develops into the mature tooth and consists of enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac enclosing them. BTO:0001838 FMA:306006 MESH:D014083 NCIT:C34313 SCTID:53301001 dental bud dental germ tooth germ tooth bud A knoblike tooth primordium that develops into the mature tooth and consists of enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac enclosing them. UBERON:cjm http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tooth+germ dental bud FMA:306006 dental germ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tooth+germ tooth germ Wikipedia:Tooth_development An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004293 cardiac endothelium heart endothelium An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac endothelium BTO:0004293 A gland that is part of a nasopharynx. FMA:55076 SCTID:178973008 nasopharyngeal gland A gland that is part of a nasopharynx. OBOL:automatic With numerous vascular spaces that may become engorged with blood. Wikipedia:Erectile_tissue Examples: corpus cavernosum or penis or clitoris erectile tissue With numerous vascular spaces that may become engorged with blood. Wikipedia:Erectile_tissue A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a clitoris. BTO:0005000 clitoris smooth muscle clitoral smooth muscle A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a clitoris. OBOL:automatic clitoris smooth muscle BTO:0005000 BTO:0003122 microvascular endothelium An intestinal villus in the duodenum. FMA:63300 intestinal villus of duodenum An intestinal villus in the duodenum. OBOL:automatic An intestinal villus in the jejunum. FMA:63301 intestinal villus of jejunum An intestinal villus in the jejunum. OBOL:automatic An intestinal villus in the ileum. FMA:63302 intestinal villus of ileum An intestinal villus in the ileum. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a ileum. EMAPA:35423 FMA:17233 MA:0003217 SCTID:47046000 epithelium of ileum ileal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a ileum. OBOL:automatic epithelium of ileum FMA:17233 An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. CALOHA:TS-2087 EMAPA:19078 FMA:17231 MA:0003208 SCTID:66036002 epithelium of duodenum duodenal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. OBOL:automatic epithelium of duodenum FMA:17231 An epithelium that is part of a breast. BTO:0001428 breast epithelium An epithelium that is part of a breast. OBOL:automatic Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. BTO:0002925 CALOHA:TS-1063 bronchotracheal epithelium tracheobronchial epithelium Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckMedicus bronchotracheal epithelium BTO:0002925 An epithelium that is part of a buccal mucosa. BTO:0004803 buccal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a buccal mucosa. OBOL:automatic A ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes. EMAPA:18541 Wikipedia:Milk_line mammary fold mammary gland ridge mammary line milk line mammary ridge A ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes. GOC:dph mammary fold http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mammary+ridge mammary gland ridge EMAPA:18541 mammary line Wikipedia:Milk_line milk line Wikipedia:Milk_line A vertebral foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra. FMA:13480 SCTID:280833008 cervical vertebral foramen A vertebral foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra. OBOL:automatic A vertebral foramen that is part of a lumbar vertebra. FMA:24826 SCTID:280835001 lumbar vertebral foramen A vertebral foramen that is part of a lumbar vertebra. OBOL:automatic A vertebral foramen that is part of a sacral vertebra. FMA:31749 sacral foramen A vertebral foramen that is part of a sacral vertebra. OBOL:automatic A vertebral foramen that is part of a thoracic vertebra. FMA:9143 SCTID:280834002 thoracic vertebral foramen A vertebral foramen that is part of a thoracic vertebra. OBOL:automatic A neural arch that is part of a lumbar vertebra. FMA:16076 SCTID:312766000 arch of lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebral arch A neural arch that is part of a lumbar vertebra. OBOL:automatic arch of lumbar vertebra FMA:16076 A neural arch that is part of a cervical vertebra. FMA:23893 SCTID:165269004 arch of cervical vertebra cervical vertebral arch A neural arch that is part of a cervical vertebra. OBOL:automatic arch of cervical vertebra FMA:23893 A neural arch that is part of a sacral vertebra. FMA:32401 vertebral arch of sacral segment A neural arch that is part of a sacral vertebra. OBOL:automatic A neural arch that is part of a thoracic vertebra. FMA:9151 SCTID:312764002 arch of thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebral arch A neural arch that is part of a thoracic vertebra. OBOL:automatic arch of thoracic vertebra FMA:9151 2 Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation. FMA:44281 GAID:259 MA:0003112 MESH:D013640 NCIT:C33735 SCTID:182221001 SCTID:361283005 Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations articulationes intertarsale articulationes intertarsales articulationes intertarseae intermetatarsal joint intertarsal intertarsal articulation intertarsal joint tarsal joint tarsal joints intertarsal joint Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation. Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations articulationes intertarsale MESH:A02.835.583.378.831 articulationes intertarsales Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations articulationes intertarseae MESH:A02.835.583.378.831 intermetatarsal joint MESH:A02.835.583.378.831 intertarsal Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations intertarsal articulation Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations intertarsal joint MESH:A02.835.583.378.831 tarsal joint MESH:A02.835.583.378.831 tarsal joints Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations Any muscle organ that is part of an nose. FMA:73758 NCIT:C33158 SCTID:244730009 muscle of nose nasal muscle Any muscle organ that is part of an nose. OBOL:automatic muscle of nose OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0001421 EMAPA:17748 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001422 pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle A muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland. NCIT:C13100 SCTID:251498008 prostate gland muscle tissue prostate muscle tissue prostatic muscle prostatic musclular tissue muscle tissue of prostate A muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland. OBOL:automatic prostate gland muscle tissue OBOL:automatic prostate muscle tissue OBOL:automatic A proximal epiphysis that is part of a tibia. FMA:33113 NCIT:C32722 SCTID:302526005 Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_tibia head of tibia proximal end of tibia proximal tibial epiphysis upper end of tibia proximal epiphysis of tibia A proximal epiphysis that is part of a tibia. OBOL:automatic head of tibia FMA:33113 proximal end of tibia FMA:33113 upper end of tibia FMA:33113 A proximal epiphysis that is part of a fibula. FMA:33729 NCIT:C32719 SCTID:182080006 Wikipedia:Head_of_fibula galen:HeadOfFibula caput fibulae head of fibula proximal end of fibula upper end of fibula fibular head proximal epiphysis of fibula A proximal epiphysis that is part of a fibula. OBOL:automatic caput fibulae Wikipedia:Head_of_fibula head of fibula FMA:33729 proximal end of fibula FMA:33729 upper end of fibula FMA:33729 fibular head FMA:33729 An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers. EHDAA2:0000444 EHDAA:42 EHDAA:75 EMAPA:16050 NCIT:C34164 embryonic epiblast The epiblast cells (appearing on day 8 of human embryonic development) make up a columnar epithelium with dense microvilli on the apical surface. During gastrulation, the epiblast cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delaminate to become the loose mesenchyme of the primitive streak. The epiblast is present in postimplantation mouse embryos between E5.5-E7.5. inner cell mass derived epiblast An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers. MP:0003886 embryonic epiblast MP:0003886 The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein. FMA:44356 MA:0002110 SCTID:231189006 Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot arcus venosus dorsalis pedis dorsal venous arch of foot arcus venosus dorsalis pedis dorsal venous arch The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein. Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot arcus venosus dorsalis pedis Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot dorsal venous arch of foot FMA:44356 arcus venosus dorsalis pedis Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb. FMA:24877 free lower limb segment free lower limb subdivision segment of free lower limb subdivision of free lower limb lower limb segment A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb. OBOL:automatic free lower limb segment FMA:24877 free lower limb subdivision FMA:24877 segment of free lower limb FMA:24877 subdivision of free lower limb FMA:24877 A limb segment that is part of a forelimb. FMA:24876 free upper limb segment free upper limb subdivision segment of free upper limb subdivision of free upper limb upper limb segment A limb segment that is part of a forelimb. OBOL:automatic free upper limb segment FMA:24876 free upper limb subdivision FMA:24876 segment of free upper limb FMA:24876 subdivision of free upper limb FMA:24876 Any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity. FMA:321144 cranial fossa Any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity. http://mw1.merriam-webster.com/medical/cranial%20fossa A zone of skin that is part of a cheek. FMA:24759 SCTID:181472009 cheek skin skin of cheek A zone of skin that is part of a cheek. OBOL:automatic cheek skin FMA:24759 An external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation. Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most aquatic species fertilize their eggs externally, although there are exceptions[WP]. AAO:0010255 HAO:0000091 TAO:0002036 TGMA:0000585 Wikipedia:Intromittent_organ aedeagus penis copulatory organ intromittent organ An external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation. Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most aquatic species fertilize their eggs externally, although there are exceptions[WP]. Wikipedia:Intromittent_organ aedeagus FBbt:00004850 A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. EHDAA2:0000187 FMA:293041 NCIT:C34248 embryonic pharyngeal complex pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal system pharyngeal arch complex pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal arches and clefts pharyngeal complex pharyngeal arch system A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. GO:0060037 GOC:dph pharyngeal system GO:0060037 pharyngeal arch region EHDAA2:0000187 A head that is part of a embryo. CALOHA:TS-0246 FMA:293011 embryonic head A head that is part of a embryo. OBOL:automatic An endoderm that is part of a thymus primordium. thymus primordium endoderm An endoderm that is part of a thymus primordium. OBOL:automatic A brain that develops_from a neural tube. vertebrate brain neural tube derived brain A brain that develops_from a neural tube. OBOL:automatic https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/338 Any duct branching of of the main epididymis duct. EMAPA:36525 FMA:18297 MA:0001735 NCIT:C32484 SCTID:279623004 epididymal duct epididymis duct duct of epididymis Any duct branching of of the main epididymis duct. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 epididymal duct MA:0001735 epididymis duct FMA:18297 An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. AAO:0011057 EHDAA2:0000740 EHDAA:1530 NCIT:C34187 Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum XAO:0000101 liver diverticulum diverticulum hepaticum hepatic diverticulum An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. MP:MP http://www.stembook.org/node/512 liver diverticulum XAO:0000101 diverticulum hepaticum Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum BTO:0001642 liver bud A ligament that does not connect two skeletal elements. FMA:25625 MA:0003004 SCTID:410746001 non-skeletal ligament fibrous ligament nonskeletal ligament A ligament that does not connect two skeletal elements. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fibrous ligament Wikipedia:Ligament Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified]. ligament AAO:0010444 AEO:0000090 CALOHA:TS-2146 EHDAA2:0003232 EV:0100144 FMA:25624 GAID:118 MA:0003005 SCTID:410744003 VSAO:0000072 Wikipedia:Ligament#Articular_ligaments articular larua articular ligament true ligament skeletal ligament Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified]. GO_REF:0000034 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ligament VSAO:0000072 ZFA:0001675 articular larua Wikipedia:Ligament articular ligament Wikipedia:Ligament true ligament Wikipedia:Ligament Closed space within the ectoplacental cone, formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold that separate it from the amniotic cavity[MP]. a developmental cavity that exists in some mammals and is derived by division of the proamniotic space; it is further removed from the embryo than the amniotic cavity in some mammals. EMAPA:16080 epamniotic cavity epamniotic cavity ectoplacental cavity Closed space within the ectoplacental cone, formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold that separate it from the amniotic cavity[MP]. a developmental cavity that exists in some mammals and is derived by division of the proamniotic space; it is further removed from the embryo than the amniotic cavity in some mammals. MP:0011207 http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity epamniotic cavity http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity epamniotic cavity MP:0011207 The smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines. FMA:14909 SCTID:362132003 gastric muscularis muscle layer of stomach muscularis externa of stomach tunica muscularis (gaster) tunica muscularis gastris stomach muscularis externa The smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines. MP:0010779 gastric muscularis FMA:14909 muscle layer of stomach FMA:14909 muscularis externa of stomach FMA:14909 tunica muscularis (gaster) FMA:14909 The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. FMA:14580 SCTID:245417002 Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal canalis pyloricus canalis pyloricus pyloric canal The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. MP:0010791 Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal canalis pyloricus Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal canalis pyloricus Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal A gastric gland in the cardiac region of the stomach; cardiac glands are fewer in number than in the fundus and body, and secrete mucin which coats the stomach and protects it[MP]. FMA:14920 SCTID:8894005 Wikipedia:Cardiac_glands gardiac gland gastric cardiac gland gastric cardiac mucuous gland gastric gland of cardia glandula cardiaca (gaster) cardiac gland cardiac gastric gland A gastric gland in the cardiac region of the stomach; cardiac glands are fewer in number than in the fundus and body, and secrete mucin which coats the stomach and protects it[MP]. MP:0010795 Wikipedia:Cardiac_glands gardiac gland ISBN:0073040584 gastric cardiac gland FMA:14920 gastric gland of cardia FMA:14920 glandula cardiaca (gaster) FMA:14920 cardiac gland FMA:14920 The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. EMAPA:27211 FMA:14922 NCIT:C33431 SCTID:70710007 Wikipedia:Pyloric_gland glandula pylorica pyloric antrum gland pyloric gland pyloric mucuous gland pyloric gastric gland The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. MP:0010797 Wikipedia:Pyloric_gland glandula pylorica FMA:14922 pyloric antrum gland OBOL:automatic pyloric gland FMA:14922 Any skeletal muscle organ in the hypodermis / superficial fascia. EMAPA:18188 MA:0003140 hypodermal muscle layer hypodermis muscle layer superficial fascia muscular layer panniculus carnosus hypodermis skeletal muscle layer Any skeletal muscle organ in the hypodermis / superficial fascia. ISBN:0123813611 MP:0011157 hypodermal muscle layer MP:0011157 hypodermis muscle layer MP:0011157 panniculus carnosus MP:0011157 Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue. FMA:66830 NCIT:C33228 SCTID:39365008 VSAO:0000046 Wikipedia:Osteoid XAO:0004035 galen:Osteoid osteoid tissue pre-bone prebone prebone tissue osteoid Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000046 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 osteoid tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pre-bone PSPUB:0000170 prebone VSAO:curator prebone tissue FMA:66830 MP:0002113 The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. FMA:45621 Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation pulmonary circulatory system pulmonary system pulmonary vascular system The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation pulmonary circulatory system FMA:45621 pulmonary system ISBN:0073040584 The hemorrhoidal plexus (or rectal venous plexus) surrounds the rectum, and communicates in front with the vesical venous plexus in the male, and the uterovaginal plexus in the female. A free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems is established through the hemorrhoidal plexus. FMA:18933 NCIT:C32728 SCTID:303051005 Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus haemorrhoidal plexus hemorrhoidal plexus plexus haemorrhoidalis plexus venosus rectalis rectal venous plexus The hemorrhoidal plexus (or rectal venous plexus) surrounds the rectum, and communicates in front with the vesical venous plexus in the male, and the uterovaginal plexus in the female. A free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems is established through the hemorrhoidal plexus. Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus haemorrhoidal plexus Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus hemorrhoidal plexus Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus plexus haemorrhoidalis Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus plexus venosus rectalis Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. AAO:0010157 TAO:0001216 VHOG:0000315 VSAO:0000149 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton XAO:0003176 ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal endoskeleton viscerocranium branchial arch skeleton gill arch skeleton pharyngeal arch pharyngeal arch skeleton pharyngeal skeleton visceral cranium visceral skeletal system visceral skeleton splanchnocranium Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pharyngeal endoskeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 viscerocranium VHOG:0000315 Wikipedia:Viscerocranium ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal arch VSAO:0000149 pharyngeal arch skeleton ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal skeleton ZFA:0001216 visceral cranium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 visceral skeletal system http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 visceral skeleton UBERONREF:0000007 Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. AAO:0010769 TAO:0001590 VSAO:0000130 Wikipedia:Dermal_bone XAO:0004015 ZFA:0001590 dermal bones dermal bone Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000130 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 dermal bones ZFA:0001590 Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. AAO:0010777 TAO:0001639 VSAO:0000307 ZFA:0001629 perichordal bones perichordal bone perichordal bone Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000307 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 perichordal bones ZFA:0001629 perichordal bone ZFA:0001629 A parenchyma that is part of a lung. EMAPA:35522 FMA:27360 MA:0003168 SCTID:201712001 respiratory portion of lung parenchyma of lung pulmonary parenchyma lung parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a lung. OBOL:automatic respiratory portion of lung FMA:27360 parenchyma of lung BTO:0000763 pulmonary parenchyma EMAPA:35522 EHDAA2:0004069 NCIT:C34283 respiratory primordium A lobe of lung that is part of a left lung. EHDAA:2981 NCIT:C48945 SCTID:272655003 lobe of left lung lobe of the left lung left lung lobe A lobe of lung that is part of a left lung. OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a forelimb region. Examples: humerus, any of the phalanges. Counter-example: scapula (a bone of the pectoral girdle). Note that we consider the forelimb to end at the shoulder. GAID:178 MESH:D001133 NCIT:C12983 SCTID:368532003 free forelimb bone wing bone forelimb bone A bone that is part of a forelimb region. Examples: humerus, any of the phalanges. Counter-example: scapula (a bone of the pectoral girdle). Note that we consider the forelimb to end at the shoulder. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 free forelimb bone UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 wing bone Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively. BTO:0000337 EMAPA:35275 MA:0003121 NCIT:C34138 SCTID:110975002 Wikipedia:Dental_follicle dental sac tooth follicle dental follicle A sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively. Wikipedia:Dental_follicle dental sac MA:0003121 Wikipedia:Dental_follicle tooth follicle BTO:0000337 Any exocrine gland whose cells bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing membrane-bound vesicles in the lumen; the apical portion of the secretory cell of the gland pinches off and enters the lumen; it loses part of its cytoplasm in their secretions; apocrine secretion is functional during hormonal stress or puberty; an example of true apocrine glands are mammary glands, responsible for secreting breast milk. BTO:0001162 EMAPA:35141 MA:0003040 SCTID:361698000 Wikipedia:Apocrine true apocrine gland apocrine gland Any exocrine gland whose cells bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing membrane-bound vesicles in the lumen; the apical portion of the secretory cell of the gland pinches off and enters the lumen; it loses part of its cytoplasm in their secretions; apocrine secretion is functional during hormonal stress or puberty; an example of true apocrine glands are mammary glands, responsible for secreting breast milk. MGI:anna The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons. BTO:0003604 FMA:15574 SCTID:29704000 parenchyma of kidney kidney parenchyma renal parenchyma The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons. BTO:0003604 parenchyma of kidney FMA:15574 kidney parenchyma BTO:0003604 One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. BTO:0003634 FMA:9404 NCIT:C32536 SCTID:322749003 Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands esophageal gland glandulae oesophageae mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus submocosal esophageal gland submucosal esophageal gland One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. BTO:0003634 Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands esophageal gland FMA:9404 glandulae oesophageae Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus FMA:9404 System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. BTO:0003840 EFO:0003491 EMAPA:35186 FMA:242007 FMA:61935 SCTID:362029003 TAO:0000099 ZFA:0000099 brain vasculature cerebrovascular system intracerebral vasculature vasculature of brain System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. BTO:0003840 cerebrovascular system BTO:0003840 intracerebral vasculature FMA:61935 Any portion of tissue that surrounds a urethra. BTO:0005081 SCTID:256880003 periurethral tissue Any portion of tissue that surrounds a urethra. UBERON:cjm A zone of skin that is part of a lower back. MA:0000504 SCTID:286601005 lower back skin A zone of skin that is part of a lower back. OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. MA:0000510 SCTID:304890003 upper back skin A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk. OBOL:automatic An artery that supplies blood to the urinary bladder. MA:0002078 SCTID:244307000 arteria vesicali vesical arteries vesical artery An artery that supplies blood to the urinary bladder. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteria vesicali vesical arteries Either the internal or external pudendal vein, running from the genital-vulvar area and abdomen and down the leg. MA:0002202 SCTID:395225000 vena pudendae vena pudendales pudic vein pudendal vein Either the internal or external pudendal vein, running from the genital-vulvar area and abdomen and down the leg. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://veintreatmentcenter.com/vein-information/pudendal-veins/ vena pudendae doi:10.1002/ca.23705 vena pudendales doi:10.1002/ca.23705 Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. MA:0002207 NCIT:C48946 SCTID:304057004 left pulmonary vein Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. MA:0002208 NCIT:C48947 SCTID:304056008 right pulmonary vein Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The prostatic veins form a well-marked prostatic plexus which lies partly in the fascial sheath of the prostate and partly between the sheath and the prostatic capsule. It communicates with the pudendal and vesical plexuses. FMA:29711 SCTID:303052003 Wikipedia:Prostatic_venous_plexus plexus venosus prostaticus pudendal venous plexus prostatic venous plexus The prostatic veins form a well-marked prostatic plexus which lies partly in the fascial sheath of the prostate and partly between the sheath and the prostatic capsule. It communicates with the pudendal and vesical plexuses. Wikipedia:Prostatic_venous_plexus plexus venosus prostaticus Wikipedia:Prostatic_venous_plexus pudendal venous plexus FMA:29711 An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. BTO:0004733 gravid pregnant adult pregnant adult stage pregnant organism pregnant stage gravid organism An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. BTO:0004733 gravid BTO:0004733 pregnant adult BTO:0004733 pregnant adult stage BTO:0004733 pregnant stage BTO:0004733 The uterus in pregnancy. NCIT:C12406 SCTID:362253003 ncithesaurus:Gravid_Uterus womb gravid uterus The uterus in pregnancy. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gravid+uterus A mature thymus that is entirely part of the cervical region. cervical thymus A mature thymus that is entirely part of the cervical region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A mature thymus that is entirely part of thoracic region. thoracic thymus A mature thymus that is entirely part of thoracic region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. EHDAA2:0000716 NCIT:C34192 gonad rudiment typically part of the embryo - however, in male tammar wallabies the gonads are indifferent at the neonatal stage[8827321] indifferent gonad A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8981 The adenohypophyseal placode forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary. EFO:0000229 TAO:0001198 XAO:0004208 ZFA:0001198 pituitary placode adenohypophyseal placode The adenohypophyseal placode forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175/ pituitary placode ZFA:0001198 Rostralmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 1st branchial cleft. EHDAA2:0004206 TAO:0001295 XAO:0004211 ZFA:0001295 epibranchial placode 1 facial epibranchial placode facial placode facial VII placode hyoid VII placode hyoid placode Taxonomic equivalence to EHDAA2 class made on basis of shared development: gives rise to geniculate ganglion geniculate placode Rostralmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 1st branchial cleft. NCBIBook:NBK53175 epibranchial placode 1 EHDAA2:0004206 facial epibranchial placode XAO:0004211 facial placode ZFA:0001295 hyoid VII placode ISBN:0471888893 hyoid placode ISBN:0471888893 Epibranchial placode between geniculate and nodose. Associated with 2nd branchial cleft. EHDAA2:0004207 TAO:0001296 XAO:0004212 ZFA:0001296 epibranchial placode 2 glossopharyngeal IX placode glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode glossopharyngeal placode Taxonomic equivalence to EHDAA2 class made on basis of shared development: gives rise to glossopharyngeal ganglion petrosal placode Epibranchial placode between geniculate and nodose. Associated with 2nd branchial cleft. NCBIBook:NBK53175 epibranchial placode 2 EHDAA2:0004207 glossopharyngeal IX placode ISBN:0471888893 glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode XAO:0004212 glossopharyngeal placode ISBN:0471888893 ZFA:0001296 Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. TAO:0001555 ZFA:0001555 epibranchial ganglia Epibranchial ganglia orchestrate the development of the cranial neurogenic crest epibranchial ganglion Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode. PMID:20133851 ZFIN:curator epibranchial ganglia ZFA:0001555 Endocardium that is part of the right atrium. EHDAA2:0000274 FMA:7281 NCIT:C102339 SCTID:3194006 VHOG:0001228 endocardium of right atrium right atrial endocardium right atrium endocardial tissue right atrium endocardium Endocardium that is part of the right atrium. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 endocardium of right atrium FMA:7281 right atrial endocardium FMA:7281 right atrium endocardial tissue VHOG:0001228 A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. EHDAA2:0001483 EMAPA:17709 NCIT:C34256 SCTID:361429005 VHOG:0000757 Wikipedia:Pleuroperitoneal pleuroperitoneal fold pleuroperitoneal membranes pleuroperitoneal membrane A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Wikipedia:Pleuroperitoneal http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pleuroperitoneal+membrane pleuroperitoneal fold VHOG:0000757 pleuroperitoneal membranes EHDAA2:0001483 A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. EHDAA2:0004542 SCTID:32945007 craniocervical vein head and neck veins vein of head and neck craniocervical region vein A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic head and neck veins EHDAA2:0004542 Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. EHDAA2:0001113 EHDAA:177 EMAPA:16097 entire embryonic mesenchyme Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. https://github.com/obophenotype/human-developmental-anatomy-ontology/issues/7 EMAPA:16549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 pharyngeal region pharyngeal region of foregut pharyngeal region EMAPA:16549 A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0003446 EMAPA:18015 sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001888 sphenoid bone cartilage condensation sphenoid cartilage element A sphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic sphenoid bone cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0001888 EHDAA2:0004021 indifferent external genitalia 2 Any suture between cranial and/or facial bones. joint of the skull bones articulation of skull bones craniofacial suture Any suture between cranial and/or facial bones. GO:0097094 joint of the skull bones OBOL:automatic articulation of skull bones OBOL:automatic 2 Any suture between facial bones. facial suture Any suture between facial bones. GO:0097096 The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium. EMAPA:32728 limb epidermis The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium. GOC:dph GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. EMAPA:16577 Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct pronephric duct or mesonephric duct nephric duct A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. GO:0072176 Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence. EHDAA2:0001077 EMAPA:16810 FMA:312659 medial nasal process mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a lateral nasal prominence. EHDAA2:0000917 EMAPA:16807 FMA:312665 mesenchyme of latero-nasal process lateral nasal process mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a lateral nasal prominence. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of latero-nasal process EMAPA:16807 An ectoderm that is part of a lateral nasal prominence. EHDAA2:0000918 EMAPA:16806 ectoderm of latero-nasal process lateral nasal process surface ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a lateral nasal prominence. OBOL:automatic ectoderm of latero-nasal process EMAPA:16806 A thin fold of ectoderm and endoderm that separates the pharyngeal pouches from the pharyngeal clefts in a developing embryo. EMAPA:32749 FMA:295758 NCIT:C34251 branchial arch membrane branchial membrane pharyngeal membrane each membrane is initially composed of an inner layer formed by the endodermal lining of a branchial pouch and an outer layer formed by the ectodermal lining of the branchial groove; later, these two layers become separated by a thin layer of mesoderm; only the first branchial membrane contributes to the formation of an adult structure, i.e. the tympanic membrane (aka eardrum); the second, third, and fourth membranes are obliterated[MP] pharyngeal membrane A thin fold of ectoderm and endoderm that separates the pharyngeal pouches from the pharyngeal clefts in a developing embryo. http://musom.marshall.edu/anatomy/grosshom/z_devbranc.html branchial arch membrane EMAPA:32749 A pharyngeal membrane that separates the first pharyngeal cleft from the first pharyngeal pouch. EHDAA:3788 EMAPA:16121 EMAPA:16992 EMAPA:17281 VHOG:0001427 1st branchial membrane 1st pharyngeal membrane future tympanic membrane tympanic membrane primordium pharyngeal membrane of 1st arch A pharyngeal membrane that separates the first pharyngeal cleft from the first pharyngeal pouch. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 1st branchial membrane EMAPA:16992 1st pharyngeal membrane VHOG:0001427 future tympanic membrane EMAPA:17281 tympanic membrane primordium ISBN:1416037055 Cartilaginous form of a vertebral centrum, a skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]. SCTID:317278007 cartilaginous centrum of vertebra postcaudal cartilaginous centrum cartilaginous centrum of vertebra[PMID:11746457] cartilaginous vertebral centrum Cartilaginous form of a vertebral centrum, a skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]. VSAO:0000183 VSAO:curator http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 postcaudal cartilaginous centrum PMID:11746457 EHDAA2:0000581 EHDAA:4776 EMAPA:16680 SCTID:308881001 nasal placode embryonic nasal process The superior surface of the tongue divided by the sulcus terminalis into an anterior two-thirds, the presulcal part (pars presulcalis). and a posterior one-third, the postsulcal part (pars postsulcalis). FMA:54651 NCIT:C32482 SCTID:66938003 dorsal tongue dorsum linguae tongue dorsum dorsum of tongue The superior surface of the tongue divided by the sulcus terminalis into an anterior two-thirds, the presulcal part (pars presulcalis). and a posterior one-third, the postsulcal part (pars postsulcalis). http://www.drugs.com/dict/dorsum-of-tongue.html dorsal tongue FMA:54651 dorsum linguae http://www.drugs.com/dict/dorsum-of-tongue.html tongue dorsum FMA:54651 The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder. CALOHA:TS-2208 EFO:0001395 FMA:24864 MESH:D001365 NCIT:C12674 SCTID:362732006 Wikipedia:Axilla galen:Axilla arm pit armpit axillary region regio axillaris armpits axilla axillae axillary region oxter underarm axilla The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder. Wikipedia:Axilla arm pit Wikipedia:Axilla armpit Wikipedia:Axilla axillary region FMA:24864 regio axillaris FMA:TA armpits Wikipedia:Axilla axilla Wikipedia:Axilla axillae Wikipedia:Axilla axillary region Wikipedia:Axilla oxter Wikipedia:Axilla underarm Wikipedia:Axilla Mesenchyme that is part of a otic placode. EHDAA2:0001340 EMAPA:16196 associated mesenchyme of otic placode Mesenchyme that is part of a otic placode. OBOL:automatic An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. EHDAA2:0000190 EMAPA:16260 ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. OBOL:automatic An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. EHDAA2:0000191 EMAPA:16261 endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000570 EMAPA:16364 associated mesenchyme of foregut-midgut junction Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. OBOL:automatic A mesentery that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000575 EMAPA:16365 VHOG:0000430 foregut-midgut junction mesentery mesentery of foregut-midgut junction A mesentery that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. OBOL:automatic foregut-midgut junction mesentery VHOG:0000430 A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. EMAPA:32755 FMA:295694 branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 branchial arch mesenchyme MP:0011262 pharyngeal arch mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000573 EMAPA:16564 epithelium of foregut-midgut junction An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. OBOL:automatic Anatomical region that surrounds the otic vesicle. EHDAA2:0001343 EMAPA:16670 XAO:0004474 otocyst associated mesenchyme otocyst mesenchyme periotic region periotic mesenchyme Anatomical region that surrounds the otic vesicle. PMID:3794595 XAO:0004474 XAO:curators otocyst associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001343 otocyst mesenchyme EMAPA:16670 periotic region XAO:0004474 The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head. EHDAA2:0004109 EMAPA:16683 FMA:295821 frontonasal mesenchyme naso-frontal mesenchyme mesenchyme of fronto-nasal process The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head. MP:0011266 frontonasal mesenchyme MP:0011266 naso-frontal mesenchyme MP:0011266 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. EHDAA2:0000780 EMAPA:16716 hindgut associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of hindgut Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. OBOL:automatic hindgut associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000780 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trachea. EHDAA2:0002067 EMAPA:16854 trachea associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of trachea Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trachea. OBOL:automatic trachea associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002067 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing middle ear. otic mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001182 EMAPA:17001 middle ear associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of middle ear Mesenchyme that is part of a developing middle ear. OBOL:automatic middle ear associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001182 An endoderm that is part of a anal region. EHDAA2:0004020 EMAPA:17177 anal membrane endodermal component An endoderm that is part of a anal region. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lateral lingual swelling. EHDAA2:0000913 EMAPA:17190 FMA:313717 lateral lingual swelling epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lateral lingual swelling. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a handplate. EHDAA2:0000731 EMAPA:17248 EMAPA:17457 hand plate mesenchyme handplate mesenchyme mesenchyme of handplate Mesenchyme that is part of a handplate. OBOL:automatic handplate mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000731 Mesenchyme that is part of a maxillary prominence. EHDAA2:0001071 EMAPA:17361 FMA:312691 mesenchyme of maxillary process mesenchyme of maxillary prominence maxillary process mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a maxillary prominence. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of maxillary process EMAPA:17361 mesenchyme of maxillary prominence https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A vascular plexus that is part of a left lung. EHDAA2:0000963 EMAPA:17660 vascular element of left lung A vascular plexus that is part of a left lung. OBOL:automatic A vascular plexus that is part of a right lung. EHDAA2:0001757 EMAPA:17668 vascular element of right lung A vascular plexus that is part of a right lung. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a submandibular gland primordium. EHDAA2:0001941 EMAPA:17757 submaxillary gland primordium mesenchyme mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium Mesenchyme that is part of a submandibular gland primordium. OBOL:automatic submaxillary gland primordium mesenchyme EMAPA:17757 A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver. EHDAA2:0001001 EMAPA:18309 VHOG:0000709 left lobe hepatic sinusoids hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver. OBOL:automatic left lobe hepatic sinusoids VHOG:0000709 A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a right lobe of liver. EHDAA2:0001009 EMAPA:18316 VHOG:0000710 right lobe hepatic sinusoids hepatic sinusoid of right of lobe of liver A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a right lobe of liver. OBOL:automatic right lobe hepatic sinusoids VHOG:0000710 An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000572 EMAPA:18403 endoderm of foregut-midgut junction An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. OBOL:automatic A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium). digit tip distal digit segment tip of digit distal segment of digit A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium). DOI:10.1038/nature10346 digit tip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 distal digit segment https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tip of digit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A segment of the manual digit containing the distal phalanx. SCTID:312543003 finger digit tip finger distal segment finger tip fingertip forelimb digit tip tip of finger distal segment of manual digit A segment of the manual digit containing the distal phalanx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 finger digit tip DOI:10.1038/nature10346 finger distal segment https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 finger tip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fingertip HP:0001211 forelimb digit tip DOI:10.1038/nature10346 A segment of the pedal digit containing the distal phalanx. Note this class represents a digit segment and thus includes tissues in addition to bone. hindlimb digit tip tip of toe toe digit tip toe distal segment P3 segment of pedal digit distalmost part of toe distal segment of pedal digit A segment of the pedal digit containing the distal phalanx. Note this class represents a digit segment and thus includes tissues in addition to bone. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hindlimb digit tip DOI:10.1038/nature10346 tip of toe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 toe digit tip DOI:10.1038/nature10346 toe distal segment https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 P3 segment of pedal digit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 distalmost part of toe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A skeletal joint that connects a mesopodium bone and connects a proximal phalanx. metacarpo-tarsophalangeal joint metapodial-phalangeal joint metapodium-phalanx joint fetlock metacarpal/tarsal-phalangeal joint A skeletal joint that connects a mesopodium bone and connects a proximal phalanx. OBOL:automatic metacarpo-tarsophalangeal joint https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metapodial-phalangeal joint https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metapodium-phalanx joint https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fetlock NCBITaxon:9788 Wikipedia:Fetlock https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A submucosa that is part of a intestine. FMA:15696 submucosa of intestine intestinal submucosa A submucosa that is part of a intestine. OBOL:automatic submucosa of intestine FMA:15696 Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions. FMA:72066 NCIT:C92597 SCTID:281699004 thoracolumbar column thoracolumbar region of vertebral column thoracolumbar vertebrae set thoracolumbar vertebral column trunk vertebrae series trunk vertebral column presacral region thoracolumbar region trunk region trunk skeleton trunk spine trunk region of vertebral column Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions. UBERONREF:0000006 thoracolumbar vertebrae set FMA:72066 presacral region AAO:0000612 thoracolumbar region AAO:0000612 trunk region AAO:0000612 FMA:25054 SCTID:22943007 region of trunk trunk subdivision subdivision of trunk region of trunk FMA:25054 trunk subdivision FMA:25054 EHDAA2:0000397 EMAPA:16906 VHOG:0000912 diencephalon lateral wall mantle layer mantle layer lateral wall diencephalon diencephalon mantle layer mantle layer lateral wall diencephalon VHOG:0000912 EHDAA2:0001172 EMAPA:16977 VHOG:0000910 mantle layer lateral wall midbrain midbrain lateral wall mantle layer mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon midbrain mantle layer mantle layer lateral wall midbrain VHOG:0000910 mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon VHOG:0000910 EMAPA:17580 VHOG:0000911 mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord spinal cord lateral wall mantle layer spinal cord mantle layer mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord VHOG:0000911 Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. EHDAA2:0000034 EMAPA:16385 mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme of mandibular component mandibular component mesenchyme mandibular mesenchyme 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. OBOL:automatic mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesenchyme of mandibular component EMAPA:16385 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. EHDAA2:0000944 EMAPA:16730 EMAPA:17654 left lung mesenchyme left lung associated mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. OBOL:automatic left lung mesenchyme EMAPA:17654 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. EHDAA2:0001739 EMAPA:17662 right lung mesenchyme right lung associated mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. OBOL:automatic right lung mesenchyme EMAPA:17662 A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain. TAO:0007018 ZFA:0007018 forebrain neural plate A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain. OBOL:automatic A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. TAO:0007019 ZFA:0007019 midbrain neural plate A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. OBOL:automatic A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. TAO:0007022 ZFA:0007022 hindbrain neural plate A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. OBOL:automatic TAO:0007044 ZFA:0007044 MHB neural plate midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate MHB neural plate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate ZFA:0007044 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. BAMS:MES EFO:0003432 EHDAA2:0000615 EMAPA:16140 TAO:0000148 Wikipedia:Mesencephalon ZFA:0000148 presumptive mesencephalon early midbrain future midbrain mesencephalon presumptive midbrain A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. OBOL:automatic presumptive mesencephalon ZFA:0000148 early midbrain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 future midbrain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesencephalon EHDAA2:0000615 Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. EHDAA2:0000736 EHDAA:364 EMAPA:16171 cephalic paraxial mesenchyme cephalic paraxial mesoderm cranial paraxial mesenchyme cranial paraxial mesoderm head paraxial mesenchyme somitomere somitomeric mesoderm head paraxial mesoderm Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. PMID:21610022 cephalic paraxial mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cephalic paraxial mesoderm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial paraxial mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial paraxial mesoderm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 head paraxial mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000736 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 EHDAA2:0002094 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesoderm trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002094 trunk paraxial mesenchyme https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/30 The lumbar nerves are the five spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar vertebrae. They are divided into posterior and anterior divisions. FMA:5861 NCIT:C33015 SCTID:361600002 Wikipedia:Lumbar_nerves neuronames:1730 lumbar spinal nerve nervus lumbalis nervi lumbales lumbar nerve The lumbar nerves are the five spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar vertebrae. They are divided into posterior and anterior divisions. Wikipedia:Lumbar_nerves lumbar spinal nerve FMA:5861 nervus lumbalis FMA:5861 FMA:TA nervi lumbales Wikipedia:Lumbar_nerves The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. Although the vertebral components of the sacrum are fused into a single bone, the sacral vertebrae are still used to number the sacral nerves. Posteriorly, they emerge from the posterior sacral foramina, and form the posterior branches of sacral nerves. Anteriorly, they emerge from the anterior sacral foramina, and contribute to the sacral plexus (S1-S4) and coccygeal plexus. FMA:5862 NCIT:C33505 SCTID:361601003 Wikipedia:Sacral_nerves neuronames:1720 nervus sacralis sacral spinal nerve nervi sacrales sacral nerve The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. Although the vertebral components of the sacrum are fused into a single bone, the sacral vertebrae are still used to number the sacral nerves. Posteriorly, they emerge from the posterior sacral foramina, and form the posterior branches of sacral nerves. Anteriorly, they emerge from the anterior sacral foramina, and contribute to the sacral plexus (S1-S4) and coccygeal plexus. Wikipedia:Sacral_nerves nervus sacralis FMA:5862 FMA:TA sacral spinal nerve FMA:5862 nervi sacrales Wikipedia:Sacral_nerves EMAPA:35878 MA:0001859 trachea non-cartilage connective tissue A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a lower back. FMA:6263 MA:0001163 NCIT:C52828 SCTID:280534006 lumbar sympathetic trunk lumbar part of sympathetic trunk lumbar sympathetic chain lumbar sympathetic nerve trunk A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a lower back. OBOL:automatic lumbar sympathetic trunk FMA:6263 lumbar part of sympathetic trunk FMA:6263 lumbar sympathetic chain FMA:6263 One of the two epithelia which make up the tympanic membrane (along with the fibrous layer). EMAPA:19064 MA:0001224 NCIT:C49308 SCTID:70839004 tympanic epithelium tympanic membrane epithelial layer tympanic membrane epithelium One of the two epithelia which make up the tympanic membrane (along with the fibrous layer). PMID:11237469 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tympanic epithelium MA:0001224 A basement membrane that is part of a nephron tubule. MA:0001680 NCIT:C49273 SCTID:245251000 kidney tubule basement membrane renal tubular basement membrane renal tubule basement membrane nephron tubule basement membrane A basement membrane that is part of a nephron tubule. OBOL:automatic kidney tubule basement membrane MA:0001680 renal tubule basement membrane MA:0001680 A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus. MA:0001832 NCIT:C49208 bronchial basement membrane bronchus basement membrane A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus. OBOL:automatic bronchial basement membrane http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A basement membrane that is part of a trachea. MA:0001854 NCIT:C49302 trachea basement membrane A basement membrane that is part of a trachea. OBOL:automatic An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ear. MA:0001918 NCIT:C52849 auricular artery An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ear. ncithesaurus:Auricular_Artery labial artery MA:0001987 NCIT:C52947 artery of lip labial artery MA:0001987 Nucleus located in the midbrain. SCTID:279285003 TAO:0002209 ZFA:0001665 midbrain nucleus Nucleus located in the midbrain. ZFIN:curator Nucleus located within the hindbrain. TAO:0002177 ZFA:0001658 hindbrain nucleus Nucleus located within the hindbrain. ZFIN:curator A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon. TAO:0002178 ZFA:0001660 telencephalic nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0004566 EMAPA:32911 MA:0003203 peritoneal cavity mesentary peritoneal mesentary gut mesentery peritoneal cavity mesentary http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 peritoneal mesentary http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel. EHDAA2:0004569 SCTID:361430000 Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery ventral mesentery Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel. Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery An anatomical space that surrounded_by a embryonic cloaca. EHDAA2:0004586 embryonic cloacal lumen An anatomical space that surrounded_by a embryonic cloaca. OBOL:automatic An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. EHDAA2:0004587 EMAPA:18388 FMA:14598 SCTID:259740004 lumen of rectum rectal lumen An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. OBOL:automatic lumen of rectum FMA:14598 The nasal fin is an epithelial seam that develops by fusion between the epithelial linings of the medial and lateral nasal swellings. Shortly after its formation the nasal fin regresses and is replaced by mesenchyme, with exception of its most posterior portion which remains as the bucconasal membrane. EHDAA2:0004548 FMA:295940 nasal fin The nasal fin is an epithelial seam that develops by fusion between the epithelial linings of the medial and lateral nasal swellings. Shortly after its formation the nasal fin regresses and is replaced by mesenchyme, with exception of its most posterior portion which remains as the bucconasal membrane. DOI:10.1002/aja.1001500308 The oronasal membrane separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity. EHDAA2:0000188 EHDAA:7840 EHDAA:7984 FMA:295942 bucconasal membrane oronasal membrane The oronasal membrane separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity. http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter24/custom3/deluxe-content.html bucconasal membrane EHDAA:7840 EFO:0003562 EHDAA2:0001981 EHDAA:1993 EHDAA:2671 EMAPA:16914 early telencephalic vesicle early telencephalic ventricle early telencephalic vesicle early telencephalic vesicle EHDAA2:0001981 Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row. FMA:59415 TAO:0001667 ZFA:0001642 dental arcade row of teeth tooth rows tooth row Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row. ZFIN:curator dental arcade FMA:59415 row of teeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tooth rows ZFA:0001642 A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of lower jaw. EHDAA2:0001029 FMA:55635 arcus dentalis inferior lower dental arcade lower jaw teeth set of all lower teeth mandibular dental arcade set of lower jaw teeth A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of lower jaw. OBOL:automatic arcus dentalis inferior FMA:TA lower dental arcade FMA:55635 lower jaw teeth EHDAA2:0001029 set of all lower teeth FMA:55635 mandibular dental arcade FMA:55635 A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of upper jaw. EHDAA2:0002129 FMA:55634 arcus dentalis superior set of all upper teeth upper dental arcade upper jaw teeth maxillary dental arcade set of upper jaw teeth A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of upper jaw. OBOL:automatic arcus dentalis superior FMA:TA set of all upper teeth FMA:55634 upper dental arcade FMA:55634 upper jaw teeth EHDAA2:0002129 maxillary dental arcade FMA:55634 An epithelium that is part of a hypopharynx. EHDAA2:0004575 FMA:62454 epithelium of laryngeal pharynx laryngopharynx epithelium epithelium of laryngopharynx An epithelium that is part of a hypopharynx. OBOL:automatic epithelium of laryngeal pharynx FMA:62454 laryngopharynx epithelium FMA:62454 An epithelium that is part of a vermiform appendix. CALOHA:TS-2062 EHDAA2:0004561 FMA:63581 appendix epithelium epithelium of vermiform appendix epithelium of appendix An epithelium that is part of a vermiform appendix. OBOL:automatic appendix epithelium FMA:63581 epithelium of vermiform appendix FMA:63581 EHDAA2:0001371 pancreatis dorsalis dorsal pancreas EHDAA2:0001393 pancreatis ventralis ventral pancreas Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart. EHDAA2:0002188 EMAPA:17341 FMA:9536 NCIT:C102343 SCTID:8911002 VHOG:0001235 right ventricle endocardium right ventricular endocardium endocardial lining of right ventricle right ventricle endocardial tissue endocardium of right ventricle Any endocardium that is part of the right ventricle of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 right ventricle endocardium VHOG:0001235 right ventricular endocardium FMA:9536 endocardial lining of right ventricle EMAPA:17341 right ventricle endocardial tissue VHOG:0001235 Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart. EHDAA2:0002182 EMAPA:17338 FMA:9559 SCTID:191004004 VHOG:0001233 left ventricle endocardium left ventricular endocardium endocardial lining of left ventricle left ventricle endocardial tissue endocardium of left ventricle Any endocardium that is part of the left ventricle of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 left ventricle endocardium VHOG:0001233 left ventricular endocardium FMA:9559 endocardial lining of left ventricle EMAPA:17338 left ventricle endocardial tissue VHOG:0001233 The primordial mass of tissue formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences of the embryo; it contributes to the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw, the prolabial portion of the upper lip, and the primary palate. EHDAA2:0000868 EHDAA:7856 FMA:295872 Wikipedia:Intermaxillary_segment globular process globular processes of his intermaxillary segment intermaxillary process The primordial mass of tissue formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences of the embryo; it contributes to the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw, the prolabial portion of the upper lip, and the primary palate. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=intermaxillary+segment globular process Wikipedia:Intermaxillary_segment globular processes of his Wikipedia:Intermaxillary_segment intermaxillary segment Wikipedia:Intermaxillary_segment An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. lumen of stomatodaeum lumen of stomodeum stomatodeal cavity stomodeal lumen An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0004621 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 pharyngeal arch endoderm entire pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0004621 The channels in the lymph node medulla that separate the medullary cords and are crossed by a reticulum of cells and fibers and bounded by littoral cells; lymph flows through the medullary sinus from the cortical sinuses and into the efferent lymphatic vessels. medullary sinus FMA:312359 lymph node medullary sinusoid Lymph flows into the medullary sinuses from cortical sinuses, and into efferent lymphatic vessels. Medullary sinuses contain histiocytes (immobile macrophages) and reticular cells.[WP] lymph node medullary sinus The channels in the lymph node medulla that separate the medullary cords and are crossed by a reticulum of cells and fibers and bounded by littoral cells; lymph flows through the medullary sinus from the cortical sinuses and into the efferent lymphatic vessels. MP:0011222 The dense rope-like structures of lymphatic tissue located between the medullary sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node. medullary cord lymph node medullary cord The dense rope-like structures of lymphatic tissue located between the medullary sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node. MP:0011224 The primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. EMAPA:32705 limb mesoderm limb mesenchyme The primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. MP:0011261 limb mesoderm Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. EHDAA2:0004162 EMAPA:36438 heart mesenchyme cardiac mesenchyme The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. MP:0011264 heart mesenchyme EMAPA:36438 The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. EFO:0002557 EMAPA:26220 pancreas mesenchyme The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. MP:0011265 A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk. SCTID:280508003 abdominal ganglion A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk. OBOL:automatic An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a proximal phalanx to either a medial or distal phalanx. FMA:65022 NCIT:C101528 PIJ joint PIP joint proximal interphalangeal joint An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a proximal phalanx to either a medial or distal phalanx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 PIJ joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand PIP joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a distal phalanx to either a medial or proximal phalanx. FMA:65024 NCIT:C101529 DIJ joint DIP joint distal interphalangeal joint An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a distal phalanx to either a medial or proximal phalanx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 DIJ joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand DIP joint Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. renal tubule (generic) tubule of excretory system renal tubule A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0099864 GO:0061333 GOC:dph GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 renal tubule (generic) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tubule of excretory system OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. EHDAA2:0004737 FMA:9690 SCTID:361996004 pleural sac A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. acinus FMA:55588 Wikipedia:Acinus acini glandular acinus The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. Wikipedia:Acinus acinus FMA:55588 acini Wikipedia:Acinus A solid cord of prostate epithelium. cord of prostate epithelium epithelial cord of prostate Complexity is conferred on the prostate during a postnatal development phase known as branching morphogenesis. Solid cords of prostate epithelium formed in utero elongate postnatally and their tips are bifurcated into primary, secondary, and tertiary branches in a pattern that is unique for each prostate lobe. Branching morphogenesis proceeds differentially for each of the three mouse prostate lobes (ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior) and is completed by about postnatal day 20 in mice, providing each lobe with unique glandular architecture [5]. It is important to note that the developing human prostate undergoes a similar series of morphogenetic events especially during prostatic bud formation, but gives rise to a mature glandular prostate that is unique from the rodent and features peripheral, central, and transitional zones[PMID:18977204] prostate epithelial cord A solid cord of prostate epithelium. GO:0060527 OBOL:automatic PMID:18977204 cord of prostate epithelium PMID:18977204 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a primitive urogenital sinus. EHDAA2:0002142 urogenital sinus lumen An anatomical space that surrounded_by a primitive urogenital sinus. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that surrounds primitive urogenital sinus. EMAPA:31500 UGM urogenital sinus mesenchyme Mesenchyme that surrounds primitive urogenital sinus. OBOL:automatic UGM PMID:18977204 An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. cloacal epithelium EHDAA2:0004585 embryonic cloacal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. OBOL:automatic cloacal epithelium EHDAA2:0004585 A specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop. prostate primordium prostate field A specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop. GO:0060515 GOC:dph PMID:18977204 The part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the uterine tubes. CALOHA:TS-1265 EFO:0000382 FMA:17739 NCIT:C12316 SCTID:279878007 corpus uteri uterine body uterine corpus body of uterus The part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the uterine tubes. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/corpus+uteri corpus uteri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 uterine body FMA:17739 uterine corpus FMA:17739 Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. diverticulum of gut intestinal pouch digestive tract diverticulum Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 diverticulum of gut FBbt:00100316 galen:Diverticulum pouch diverticulum sac A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. EMAPA:35821 FMA:14558 MA:0002561 SCTID:245415005 Wikipedia:Stomach#Sections gastric zone region of stomach section of stomach zone of stomach A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Stomach#Sections gastric zone FMA:14558 Outer portion of the renal cortex. Site of formation of medullary and cortical elements. EMAPA:27721 MA:0002996 http://www.gudmap.org/Images/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/NZ.png cortical nephrogenic niche cortical nephrogenic zone nephrogenic tissue nephrogenic zone Outer portion of the renal cortex. Site of formation of medullary and cortical elements. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cortical nephrogenic niche PMID:29449449 cortical nephrogenic zone PMID:29449449 Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region. SCTID:370640001 metacarpal or metatarsal part of limb metacarpus/metatarsus region metapodial segment cannon region equine cannon region metacarpus/metatarsus metapodium metapodium region Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region. MA:th https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cannon region NCBITaxon:9788 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 equine cannon region NCBITaxon:9788 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton. VSAO:0005022 basipodium skeleton carpal/tarsal skeleton mesopodial skeleton mesopodium skeleton skeletal parts of mesopodium basipodium mesopodium mesopodial skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 basipodium skeleton VSAO:0005022 VSAO:NI mesopodial skeleton VSAO:0005022 mesopodium skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeletal parts of mesopodium https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 basipodium VSAO:0005022 VSAO:NI mesopodium VSAO:0005022 VSAO:NI Subdivision of skeleton that consists of endochondral elements distal to the zeugopodial skeletal elements which constitute the proximal region of the posterior autopod skeleton[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AAO:0000220 EMAPA:19133 FMA:71339 GAID:1223 MA:0000050 SCTID:264228001 SCTID:361796005 VHOG:0001160 VSAO:0005024 Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton) XAO:0003211 hind mesopodial skeleton hind mesopodium hind mesopodium skeleton set of tarsal bones skeletal parts of hind mesopodium tarsal bones set tarsalia basipodium mesopodium tarsal bones tarsus tarsal skeleton Subdivision of skeleton that consists of endochondral elements distal to the zeugopodial skeletal elements which constitute the proximal region of the posterior autopod skeleton[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. PHENOSCAPE:ad VSAO:0005024 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/94 set of tarsal bones FMA:71339 tarsal bones set FMA:71339 tarsalia XAO:0003211 basipodium VSAO:0005024 mesopodium VSAO:0005024 tarsus XAO:0003211 Subdivision of skeleton that consists of the endochondral elements distal to the anterior limb/fin zeugopodial skeletal elements which constitute the proximal region of the anterior autopod skeleton[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AAO:0000201 FMA:71335 MA:0000040 VHOG:0001161 VSAO:0005023 Wikipedia:Carpus XAO:0003207 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/images/382x366xUnciform1.jpg.pagespeed.ic.NirdxtwNVu.jpg carpal bones carpal bones set fore mesopodial skeleton fore mesopodium skeleton ossa carpi skeletal parts of fore mesopodium skeleton of carpus carpus fore mesopodium ossa carpi set of carpal bones carpal skeleton Subdivision of skeleton that consists of the endochondral elements distal to the anterior limb/fin zeugopodial skeletal elements which constitute the proximal region of the anterior autopod skeleton[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. PHENOSCAPE:ad https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/93 carpal bones EMAPA:25056 FMA:71335 carpal bones set FMA:71335 carpus MA:0000040 XAO:0003207 fore mesopodium AAO:0000201 ossa carpi Wikipedia:Carpus set of carpal bones FMA:71335 EFO:0003704 TAO:0005041 ZFA:0005041 ALPM anterior lateral plate mesoderm ALPM ZFA:0005041 A renal, cortical lobule, consisting of the ascending or descending limbs of the loop of Henle or of the collecting tubules; medullary rays are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla. BTO:0001155 FMA:74299 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_ray_(anatomy) Ferrein's pyramid kidney medullary ray renal medullary ray medullary ray A renal, cortical lobule, consisting of the ascending or descending limbs of the loop of Henle or of the collecting tubules; medullary rays are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla. MP:0011347 Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_ray_(anatomy) Ferrein's pyramid MP:0011347 kidney medullary ray MP:0011347 renal medullary ray MP:0011347 An artery that supplies a renal lobe. FMA:71637 SCTID:62802007 Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries arteriae interlobares renis interlobar artery of kidney kidney interlobar artery renal interlobar artery arteriae interlobares renis interlobar arteries of kidney set of interlobar arteries of kidney interlobar artery An artery that supplies a renal lobe. Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arteriae interlobares renis FMA:TA interlobar artery of kidney FMA:71637 renal interlobar artery MP:0011355 arteriae interlobares renis Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries interlobar arteries of kidney FMA:71637 set of interlobar arteries of kidney FMA:71637 The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. FMA:71631 Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins interlobar vein of kidney venae interlobares renis interlobar veins of kidney set of interlobar veins of kidney venae interlobares renis interlobar vein The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins interlobar vein of kidney FMA:71631 venae interlobares renis FMA:TA interlobar veins of kidney FMA:71631 set of interlobar veins of kidney FMA:71631 venae interlobares renis Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). XAO:0004186 anterior heart field anterior/second heart field second heart field SHF secondary heart field A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). GO:0003139 GOC:mtg_heart GOC:rl anterior heart field PMID:17276708 anterior/second heart field Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 second heart field XAO:0004186 SHF XAO:0004186 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. EMAPA:35337 FMA:302884 face mesenchyme mesenchyme of face facial mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. OBOL:automatic FMA:45737 NCIT:C12990 lobulus lobule lobulus FMA:45737 FMA:TA A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. FMA:45728 NCIT:C13393 UMLS:C0796494 lobus anatomical lobe A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. ncithesaurus:Lobe lobus FMA:45728 FMA:TA The portion of a kidney consisting of a renal medullary pyramid and the renal cortex above it[MP]. It is composed of many renal lobules[WP]. FMA:17881 NCIT:C32894 Wikipedia:Renal_lobe kidney lobe lobi renalis lobus renalis lobi renales renal lobe The portion of a kidney consisting of a renal medullary pyramid and the renal cortex above it[MP]. It is composed of many renal lobules[WP]. MP:0011381 Wikipedia:Renal_lobe kidney lobe MP:0011381 lobi renalis Wikipedia:Renal_lobe lobus renalis http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis lobi renales Wikipedia:Renal_lobe The portion of a renal lobe consisting of nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct; human kidneys have multilobular, multipapillary architecture while mice and rats have unilobular, unipapillary kidneys. FMA:17670 SCTID:361330004 Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule kidney lobule lobulus renalis cortical lobule cortical lobule of kidney lobuli corticales renis lobulus corticalis renalis renal cortical lobule renculus reniculus renunculus Alternate definition: One of the subdivisions of the kidney, consisting of a medullary ray and that portion of the convoluted port (renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules) associated with its collecting duct. -http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobulus+corticalis+renalis renal lobule The portion of a renal lobe consisting of nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct; human kidneys have multilobular, multipapillary architecture while mice and rats have unilobular, unipapillary kidneys. MP:0011382 Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule kidney lobule MP:0011382 cortical lobule MP:0011382 Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule cortical lobule of kidney http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis lobuli corticales renis Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule lobulus corticalis renalis http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis renal cortical lobule http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis renculus http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis reniculus http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis renunculus http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis An anatomical wall that is part of a ureter. FMA:15888 SCTID:279397004 ureteral wall wall of ureter An anatomical wall that is part of a ureter. OBOL:automatic ureteral wall FMA:15888 The region demarcating the renal medulla from the surrounding cortex; end-stage renal failure may be associated with loss of the normal corticomedullary boundary. kidney corticomedullary boundary The region demarcating the renal medulla from the surrounding cortex; end-stage renal failure may be associated with loss of the normal corticomedullary boundary. MP:0011376 The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter. EMAPA:28811 ureteral smooth muscle ureteral smooth muscle layer ureter smooth muscle The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter. MP:0011426 ureteral smooth muscle MP:0011426 ureteral smooth muscle layer EMAPA:28844 EHDAA2:0001315 EHDAA:1122 optic neural crest A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. MA:0002405 postnatal organism TS28 mouse post-hatching organism post-natal organism postnatal mouse post-embryonic organism A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. OBOL:automatic TS28 mouse MA:0002405 post-hatching organism https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 post-natal organism https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 postnatal mouse MA:0002405 Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. EFO:0003460 TAO:0001309 Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes XAO:0004620 ZFA:0001309 neurogenic placodes placodae neurogenicae neurogenic placode Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. PMID:11523831 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neurogenic placodes ZFA:0001309 placodae neurogenicae Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes An anatomical space that is enclosed by a urinary bladder. EHDAA2:0004058 FMA:15924 SCTID:279405003 galen:UrinaryBladderCavity bladder cavity cavity of urinary bladder lumen of urinary bladder urinary bladder lumen bladder lumen An anatomical space that is enclosed by a urinary bladder. OBOL:automatic bladder cavity FMA:15924 cavity of urinary bladder FMA:15924 lumen of urinary bladder FMA:15924 urinary bladder lumen FMA:15924 An anatomical space that is enclosed by a oropharynx. EHDAA2:0004556 FMA:55095 oropharyngeal cavity oropharynx lumen lumen of oropharynx An anatomical space that is enclosed by a oropharynx. OBOL:automatic oropharyngeal cavity EHDAA2:0004556 oropharynx lumen FMA:55095 An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct. EFO:0002556 FMA:67681 pancreatic duct epithelium pancreatic ductal epithelium epithelium of pancreatic duct An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct. OBOL:automatic pancreatic duct epithelium FMA:67681 pancreatic ductal epithelium FMA:67681 The junction between the ureter and the renal pelvis of the kidney. FMA:15898 MA:0003021 NCIT:C106203 SCTID:264130006 pelviureteric junction pelvoureteric junction ureteropelvic junction The junction between the ureter and the renal pelvis of the kidney. MP:0011487 pelviureteric junction FMA:15898 The valve-like structure found at the site of entry of the ureter into the urinary bladder, normally displays an oblique angulation through the detrusor to avoid reflux of urine up the ureters and the kidney. FMA:15899 MA:0003020 NCIT:C106202 SCTID:261187001 vesico-ureteral junction vesico-ureteric junction vesicoureteric junction ureterovesical junction The valve-like structure found at the site of entry of the ureter into the urinary bladder, normally displays an oblique angulation through the detrusor to avoid reflux of urine up the ureters and the kidney. MP:0011488 vesico-ureteral junction MA:0003020 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a Rathke's pouch. EHDAA2:0004138 EMAPA:25037 Rathkes pouch invagination lumen of Rathke's pouch An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a Rathke's pouch. OBOL:automatic Rathkes pouch invagination EHDAA2:0004138 An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 multicellular structure FBbt:00100313 A regional part of brain consisting of multiple brain regions that are not related through a simple volummetric part of hierarchy, e.g., basal ganglia[NIF]. NLXANAT:20090509 set of nuclei of neuraxis aggregate regional part of brain A regional part of brain consisting of multiple brain regions that are not related through a simple volummetric part of hierarchy, e.g., basal ganglia[NIF]. NLXANAT:20090509 set of nuclei of neuraxis FMA:256381 The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity. EHDAA2:0004115 EHDAA:6772 EMAPA:17002 MA:0001218 NCIT:C34318 SCTID:361516008 VHOG:0001297 tubotympanic recess tubotympanic recess epithelium The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity. ISBN:0124020607 VHOG:0001297 tubotympanic recess VHOG:0001297 dorsal 2nd branchial pouch dorsal pharyngeal pouch 2 dorsal branchial pouch 2 endoderm dorsal elongation of second pouch endoderm dorsal pharyngeal pouch 2 endoderm dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2 EHDAA2:0000409 EMAPA:16758 dorsal 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm dorsal 3rd branchial pouch dorsal pharyngeal pouch 3 dorsal wing of pharyngeal pouch 3 cranial dorsal aspect of third dorsal pharyngeal pouch dorsal branchial pouch 3 endoderm dorsal pharyngeal pouch 3 endoderm dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3 dorsal 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0000409 dorsal wing of pharyngeal pouch 3 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EHDAA2:0002173 EMAPA:16759 ventral 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm ventral 3rd branchial pouch ventral pharyngeal pouch 3 ventral wing of pharyngeal pouch 3 caudal ventral aspect of third dorsal pharyngeal pouch ventral branchial pouch 3 endoderm ventral pharyngeal pouch 3 endoderm ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3 ventral 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm EHDAA2:0002173 ventral wing of pharyngeal pouch 3 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 dorsal 4th branchial pouch dorsal pharyngeal pouch 4 dorsal branchial pouch 4 endoderm dorsal pharyngeal pouch 4 endoderm dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4 ventral 4th branchial pouch ventral pharyngeal pouch 4 ventral branchial pouch 4 endoderm ventral pharyngeal pouch 4 endoderm ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 4 Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. EHDAA2:0004076 EMAPA:32765 FMA:318209 6th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme 6th branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme 6th arch mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. OBOL:automatic The portion of the tongue in front of the terminal sulcus. At the apex, thin and narrow, it is directed forward against the lingual surfaces of the lower incisor teeth. It is derived primarily from the first pharyngeal arch. FMA:229084 NCIT:C32130 Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue anterior 2/3 of the tongue anterior 2/3 of tongue anterior two thirds of the tongue apex linguae apex of the tongue buccal part of the tongue front of the tongue oral part of the tongue pars anterior dorsi linguae anterior part of tongue The portion of the tongue in front of the terminal sulcus. At the apex, thin and narrow, it is directed forward against the lingual surfaces of the lower incisor teeth. It is derived primarily from the first pharyngeal arch. Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue anterior 2/3 of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue anterior 2/3 of tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue anterior two thirds of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue apex linguae Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue apex of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue buccal part of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue front of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue oral part of the tongue Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue pars anterior dorsi linguae Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. BSA:0000123 TADS:0000172 TGMA:0001041 food storage organ An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. EMAPA:16128 mesenchyme of 1st arch 1st arch mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of 1st arch EMAPA:16128 Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component. EHDAA2:0000041 EMAPA:16391 mesenchyme of maxillary component maxillary component mesenchyme maxillary mesenchyme 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of maxillary component EMAPA:16391 The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. EHDAA2:0001459 EMAPA:16550 XAO:0004524 associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. XAO:0004524 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region EMAPA:16550 entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001459 Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. EHDAA2:0001327 EHDAA:2181 EMAPA:16572 EMAPA:16723 VHOG:0000652 buccal gland gland of oral opening gland of oral region mouth gland oral cavity gland oral region gland oral gland Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. ISBN:0073040584 A mucosa that is part of a dorsum of tongue. FMA:74871 SCTID:245835003 mucosa of dorsal surface of tongue mucosa of dorsum of tongue A mucosa that is part of a dorsum of tongue. OBOL:automatic A compound organ that has the potential to develop into a tongue. EHDAA2:0000696 EHDAA:2951 future tongue A compound organ that has the potential to develop into a tongue. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0004610 hypoglossal cord EHDAA2:0004116 tympanic cavity epithelium An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. AEO:0000221 EHDAA2:0004616 open anatomical space An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. AEO:0000221 EHDAA2:0004114 auditory meatus epithelium A portion of the external acoustic meatus epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane. FMA:56819 SCTID:39725007 cuticular layer of tympanic membrane cuticular stratum of tympanic membrane outer cuticular layer of tympanic membrane outer layer of tympanic membrane tympanic membrane external acoustic meatus epithelial component outer epithelial layer of tympanic membrane A portion of the external acoustic meatus epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane. PMID:11237469 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cuticular layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56819 cuticular stratum of tympanic membrane FMA:56819 outer cuticular layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56819 tympanic membrane external acoustic meatus epithelial component https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The intermediate fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane. EMAPA:19063 FMA:56830 MA:0001223 SCTID:44692008 connective tissue layer of tympanic membrane fibrous layer of tympanic membrane fibrous stratum of tympanic membrane intermediate fibrous layer of tympanic membrane tympanic endothelium intermediate layer of tympanic membrane The intermediate fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane. PMID:11237469 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3468783&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 connective tissue layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56830 fibrous layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56830 fibrous stratum of tympanic membrane FMA:56830 intermediate fibrous layer of tympanic membrane FMA:56830 tympanic endothelium MA:0001223 FMA:56732 tympanic membrane layer layer of tympanic membrane tympanic membrane layer FMA:56732 Organ system subdivision that consists primarily of chromaffin cells and their supporting structures. FMA:79645 MESH:D002838 argentaffin system chromaffin tissue chromaffin system Organ system subdivision that consists primarily of chromaffin cells and their supporting structures. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 argentaffin system MESH:A06.224 One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. The vagal and sacral neural crest cells develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. XAO:0004192 sacral neural crest One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. The vagal and sacral neural crest cells develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. XB:curator http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10065/ An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. NCIT:C32415 Wikipedia:Cuboidal_epithelium cuboidal epithelium An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. Wikipedia:Cuboidal_epithelium An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. EHDAA2:0000595 future common hepatic duct An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. EHDAA2:0000598 future dermis Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. OBOL:automatic A structure that will develop into a diaphragm. EHDAA2:0000599 future diaphragm A structure that will develop into a diaphragm. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A multi-tissue structure that has the potential to develop into a meninx of hindbrain. EHDAA2:0000610 future hindbrain meninges future hindbrain meninx A multi-tissue structure that has the potential to develop into a meninx of hindbrain. OBOL:automatic future hindbrain meninges EHDAA2:0000610 A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. EHDAA2:0000623 future metencephalon A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. OBOL:automatic A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. EHDAA2:0000640 future myelencephalon A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. OBOL:automatic A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a facial nucleus. EHDAA2:0004639 future facial nucleus A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a facial nucleus. OBOL:automatic A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a superior salivatory nucleus. EHDAA2:0004644 future superior salivatory nucleus A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a superior salivatory nucleus. OBOL:automatic A femur endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EMAPA:17742 femoral cartilage condensation femur cartilage element A femur endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic femoral cartilage condensation EMAPA:17742 The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the autopod (e.g. manus, pes, paw). autopod plate limb plate embryonic autopod plate The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the autopod (e.g. manus, pes, paw). MP:0004576 UBERON:cjm https://github.com/obophenotype/mammalian-phenotype-ontology/issues/1151 Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. EHDAA2:0004528 FMA:83378 specialized conducting tissue of heart specialized muscle tissue of heart conducting tissue of heart Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 specialized conducting tissue of heart FMA:83378 specialized muscle tissue of heart FMA:83378 Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and that release hormones in response to neural stimuli. MA:0000720 neuroendocrine system gland neuroendocrine gland Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and that release hormones in response to neural stimuli. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0000631 A circumventricular organ that is capable of secreting substances into the cerebrospinal fluid. EMAPA:35759 MA:0002943 neuronames:2857 secretory circumventricular organ A circumventricular organ that is capable of secreting substances into the cerebrospinal fluid. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A circumventricular organ that is capable of monitoring the levels of substances to the cerebrospinal fluid. MA:0002944 neuronames:2856 humerosensory circumventricular organ humerosensory system humerosensory system organ sensitive circumventricular organs sensitive organs sensory CVOs sensory circumventricular organs sensory circumventricular organ A circumventricular organ that is capable of monitoring the levels of substances to the cerebrospinal fluid. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 humerosensory system NeuroNames:2856 sensitive circumventricular organs NeuroNames:2856 sensitive organs NeuroNames:2856 sensory CVOs NeuroNames:2856 sensory circumventricular organs NeuroNames:2856 A sex cord that is part of a indifferent gonad. EHDAA2:0004051 indifferent sex cord primitive sex cords primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad A sex cord that is part of a indifferent gonad. OBOL:automatic primitive sex cords EHDAA2:0004051 A bodily secretion that is produced by a seminal vesicle. vesicular fluid BTO:0002053 FMA:62969 MA:0002526 NCIT:C33529 NCIT:C52552 secretion of seminal vesicle seminal vesicle secretion seminal fluid seminal vesicle fluid A bodily secretion that is produced by a seminal vesicle. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 secretion of seminal vesicle FMA:62969 seminal vesicle secretion FMA:62969 seminal fluid Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male. BTO:0004798 male accessory gland male accessory reproductive gland male accessory sex gland Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male. BTO:0004798 male accessory gland BTO:0004798 A mucous secretion that is produced by glands in the epidermis. epidermal mucus skin mucous skin mucus A mucous secretion that is produced by glands in the epidermis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 epidermal mucus BTO:0005082 The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. FMA:52938 SCTID:136349005 Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture frontosphenoid suture sphenofrontal suture of skull spheno-frontal suture sphenofrontal sutura sphenofrontalis sphenofrontal suture The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture frontosphenoid suture FMA:52938 sphenofrontal suture of skull FMA:52938 sphenofrontal Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture sutura sphenofrontalis Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a lymphatic vessel. FMA:59681 lumen of lymphatic duct lymphatic vessel lumen lumen of lymphatic vessel An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a lymphatic vessel. OBOL:automatic lumen of lymphatic duct FMA:59681 lymphatic vessel lumen FMA:59681 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. FMA:312610 SCTID:91747007 blood vessel lumen lumen of blood vessel An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. OBOL:automatic An anatomical cluster that composed_primarily_of a strand of hair. FMA:70752 hairs hairs set pili set of hairs collection of hairs An anatomical cluster that composed_primarily_of a strand of hair. OBOL:automatic hairs FMA:70752 hairs set FMA:70752 pili FMA:TA set of hairs FMA:70752 A collection of hairs that is part of a face. FMA:70741 facial hairs set set of facial hairs facial hair collection of hair on face A collection of hairs that is part of a face. OBOL:automatic facial hairs set FMA:70741 set of facial hairs FMA:70741 A strand of hair that is part of a face. FMA:54360 SCTID:368910000 face hair face hair strand hair of face facial hair strand of hair of face A strand of hair that is part of a face. OBOL:automatic face hair FMA:54360 hair of face FMA:54360 facial hair FMA:54360 A trabecula that is part of a liver. liver trabeculae hepatic trabecula liver trabecula A trabecula that is part of a liver. GO:0060344 OBOL:automatic liver trabeculae Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the penile urethra. EMAPA:29645 FMA:21443 NCIT:C49311 SCTID:303562001 Wikipedia:Urethral_gland Littre's gland gland of Littre gland of male urethra male urethra gland urethral gland (male) glandulae urethrales urethrae masculinae male urethral gland Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the penile urethra. MGI:anna MP:0011794 Littre's gland FMA:21443 urethral gland (male) FMA:21443 glandulae urethrales urethrae masculinae Wikipedia:Urethral_gland An urethral gland that is part of a female urethra. EMAPA:29653 FMA:21444 SCTID:279476001 female urethra gland gland of female urethra urethral gland (female) female urethral gland An urethral gland that is part of a female urethra. OBOL:automatic urethral gland (female) FMA:21444 A roughly circular bulge in a surface. AEO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003250 FMA:82506 protuberance A roughly circular bulge in a surface. EHDAA2:0003250 EHDAA2:0001762 EMAPA:17010 EMAPA:17328 MA:0001872 right venous valve right atrium venous valve right venous valve EHDAA2:0001762 EHDAA2:0004512 aortic system One of the laterally paired arteries that supply the gonads. Wikipedia:Gonadal_artery gonadal artery genital artery One of the laterally paired arteries that supply the gonads. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Gonadal_artery A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. AAO:0010225 hepatic-portal system portal system of liver hepatic portal system A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver. ISBN:0073040584 hepatic-portal system AAO:0010225 An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. CARO:0001004 One might argue that all boundaries are actually fiat in the sense that there must be some fiat element at a fine enough scale of granularity. This ontology choses to ignore this issue as below the level of granularity relevant to anatomy. (DOS121102) bona-fide anatomical boundary An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. CARO:0001004 A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network. BTO:0000102 Wikipedia:Thrombus galen:BloodClot coagulated blood fibrin clot hemostatic plug thrombus clot blood clot A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network. BTO:0000102 Wikipedia:Thrombus hemostatic plug Wikipedia:Thrombus thrombus BTO:0000102 Apparatus located between the lungs and the buccal cavity. This apparatus is composed of a pair of arytenoid cartilages that are supported by the cricoid ring. AAO:0000267 EHDAA2:0000904 laryngeal cartilage system laryngeal apparatus Apparatus located between the lungs and the buccal cavity. This apparatus is composed of a pair of arytenoid cartilages that are supported by the cricoid ring. AAO:0000267 laryngeal cartilage system EHDAA2:0000904 laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0004085 Many sources say: thyroid cartilage from arch 4 other laryngeal cartilage (cricoid/arytenoid) from 6? laryngeal associated mesenchyme A nuclear complex which in mammals consists of four parts, the hypothalamus, epithalamus, ventral thalamus, and dorsal thalamus[WP,modified]. EHDAA2:0004469 FMA:258745 thalamic complex A nuclear complex which in mammals consists of four parts, the hypothalamus, epithalamus, ventral thalamus, and dorsal thalamus[WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Thalamus#Thalamic_nuclei Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. FMA:71005 TAO:0002228 ZFA:0001718 presumptive atrium heart tube primordial atrium primordial cardiac atrium future cardiac atrium Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. ZFA:0001718 presumptive atrium heart tube ZFA:0001718 primordial atrium FMA:71005 primordial cardiac atrium FMA:71005 The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. FMA:12513 MIAA:0000283 SCTID:244486005 VHOG:0001616 Wikipedia:Globe_(human_eye) bulbus oculi eye globe eyeball eye globe eyeball of camera-type eye The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. UBERON:cjm eye globe VHOG:0001616 eyeball FMA:12513 eye globe HP:0100886 MIAA:0000283 The connective tissue that supports the lobules and follicles of the thyroid gland. FMA:86304 SCTID:157862000 thyroid gland stroma thyroid stroma stroma of thyroid gland The connective tissue that supports the lobules and follicles of the thyroid gland. http://www.drugs.com/dict/stroma-of-thyroid-gland.html thyroid gland stroma FMA:86304 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000037 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000044 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 2nd arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000068 EMAPA:16281 neural crest derived arch 2 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 2 mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch 2 mesenchyme from neural crest 2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 2nd arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000083 EMAPA:16404 VHOG:0000571 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 3rd arch neural crest derived arch 3 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 3 mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch 3 mesenchyme from neural crest 3rd arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest VHOG:0000571 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 3rd arch EMAPA:16404 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000098 EMAPA:16772 VHOG:0000580 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch neural crest derived arch 4 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest VHOG:0000580 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch EMAPA:16772 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004077 neural crest derived arch 6 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. EHDAA2:0004423 mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. EMAPA:16129 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch neural crest derived arch 1 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch EMAPA:16129 One of the three blood vessels, usually one large umbilical vein and two small umbilical arteries, buried within Wharton's jelly, that transport blood to and from the placenta, where exchange between the mother and fetus takes place; the umbilical vein carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus, and the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood from the fetus to the placenta. EMAPA:36493 SCTID:408728001 allantoic vessel umbilical cord blood vessel umbilical vessel umbilical cord blood vessels umbilical vasculature umbilical blood vessel One of the three blood vessels, usually one large umbilical vein and two small umbilical arteries, buried within Wharton's jelly, that transport blood to and from the placenta, where exchange between the mother and fetus takes place; the umbilical vein carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus, and the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood from the fetus to the placenta. MP:0003230 allantoic vessel Hymans:Hymans umbilical cord blood vessels A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage. AAO:0000225 AAO:0000682 MA:0003037 SCTID:410035009 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/gill_arches/images/ReptileHyoids.gif apparatus hyobranchialis apparatus hyoideus hyobranchial apparatus hyolingual system hyoid apparatus A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus apparatus hyobranchialis apparatus hyoideus http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus hyobranchial apparatus AAO:0000225 hyolingual system AAO:0000225 A zone of bone organ that is part of a hyoid bone. FMA:59494 SCTID:119534005 hyoid bone zone zone of hyoid bone A zone of bone organ that is part of a hyoid bone. OBOL:automatic hyoid bone zone FMA:59494 Any anatomical space that is part of a vertebral column. AAO:0000700 vertebral column opening vertebral conduit space in vertebral column Any anatomical space that is part of a vertebral column. OBOL:automatic vertebral column opening AAO:0000700 A minute orifice on the summit of the papillae lacrimales, which is the commencement point of the lacrimal canaliculi. FMA:59365 SCTID:263344003 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_punctum lacrimal point lacrimal puncta puncta lacrimalia lacrimal punctum A minute orifice on the summit of the papillae lacrimales, which is the commencement point of the lacrimal canaliculi. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_punctum lacrimal point Wikipedia:Lacrimal_punctum lacrimal puncta Wikipedia:Lacrimal_punctum puncta lacrimalia Wikipedia:Lacrimal_punctum Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. DHBA:12322 EFO:0003567 EHDAA2:0004375 TAO:0000761 ZFA:0000761 basal plate midbrain basal plate midbrain region midbrain basal plate Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. ZFA:0000761 basal plate midbrain TAO:0000761 basal plate midbrain region ZFA:0000761 Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. TAO:0007039 ZFA:0007039 midbrain neural tube Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. ZFA:0007039 Wikipedia:Sclera#Histology layer of sclera An endothelium that is part of a sclera. scleral endothelium An endothelium that is part of a sclera. OBOL:automatic A stroma that is part of a sclera. subsantia propria FMA:58365 NCIT:C33652 SCTID:368851004 scleral stroma stroma of sclera subsantia propria sclerae substantia propria sclerae substantia propria of sclera A stroma that is part of a sclera. OBOL:automatic scleral stroma FMA:58365 stroma of sclera FMA:58365 subsantia propria sclerae FMA:58365 substantia propria sclerae FMA:58365 FMA:TA Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. scleral mesenchyme Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. PMID:16496288 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. extra-embryonic epithelium extraembryonic epithelium An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. OBOL:automatic Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. FMA:45569 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Nonkeratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. FMA:45569 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Nonkeratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum FMA:45569 nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium FMA:45569 stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. TAO:0002201 ZFA:0001678 future eye immature eye Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. ZFA:0001678 An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 germ layer / neural crest A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. eye skeleton ocular skeleton skeletal element of orbital region skeletal element of eye region A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. OBOL:automatic Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. AAO:0000109 AAO:0000971 AAO:0010185 TAO:0000737 VSAO:0000049 XAO:0003075 ZFA:0000737 cranial skeleton osteocranium cranium cranial skeletal system Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000049 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 cranium ZFA:0000737 Mesenchyme that is part of a limb bud. limb bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a limb bud. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. paired limb/fin bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a handplate. EHDAA2:0000730 EMAPA:32630 handplate epithelium epithelium of handplate An epithelium that is part of a handplate. OBOL:automatic handplate epithelium EHDAA2:0000730 Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. extraembryonic membrane mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004601 maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004602 maxillary process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004603 mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004604 mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000043 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000036 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. EMAPA:16130 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch EMAPA:16130 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 2nd arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000067 EMAPA:16280 head mesenchyme derived arch 2 mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 2nd arch pharyngeal arch 2 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch 2 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme 2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 2nd arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 2nd arch EMAPA:16280 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000082 EMAPA:16403 head mesenchyme derived arch 3 mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 3rd arch pharyngeal arch 3 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch 3 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme 3rd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 3rd arch EMAPA:16403 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000097 EMAPA:16771 head mesenchyme derived arch 4 mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme 4th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch EMAPA:16771 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004078 head mesenchyme derived arch 6 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&. FMA:75436 Wikipedia:Ossification_center centrum ossificationis ossification centre center of ossification centrum ossificationis ossification center The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&. Wikipedia:Ossification_center centrum ossificationis FMA:TA ossification centre FMA:75436 center of ossification Wikipedia:Ossification_center centrum ossificationis Wikipedia:Ossification_center An arch-shaped structure of the vertebra that extends dorsally (neural arch) or ventrally (hemal arch) from the vertebral centrum. EMAPA:36614 arch of vertebra arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) vertebra arch vertebral arch arch of centrum of vertebra An arch-shaped structure of the vertebra that extends dorsally (neural arch) or ventrally (hemal arch) from the vertebral centrum. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 arch of vertebra FMA:11946 arcus vertebrae (vertebralis) FMA:11946 vertebra arch MA:0001453 vertebral arch FMA:11946 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived arch mesenchyme Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme head mesenchyme derived arch mesenchyme Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. VSAO:0000037 Wikipedia:Endoskeleton XAO:0004026 replacement skeleton endoskeleton Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000037 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 replacement skeleton VSAO:curator A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. VSAO:0000139 XAO:0004017 ZFA:0005620 endochondral replacement element endochondral element A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000139 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 endochondral replacement element VSAO:0000139 Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. exoskeleton VSAO:0000035 XAO:0004025 dermal skeletal system dermoskeleton desmoskeleton This ontology covers metazoa, so we do not use exoskeleton as primary label, as in VSAO dermal skeleton Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000035 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 exoskeleton VSAO:curator dermal skeletal system VSAO:curator dermoskeleton VSAO:curator desmoskeleton VSAO:curator Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. EMAPA:35872 FMA:63001 MA:0002540 NCIT:C33794 VSAO:0000063 XAO:0004046 ZFA:0005623 odontogenic tissue portion of substance of tooth substance of tooth tooth substance dental tissue tooth hard tissue tooth tissue odontoid tissue Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000063 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 odontogenic tissue VSAO:curator portion of substance of tooth FMA:63001 substance of tooth FMA:63001 tooth substance MA:0002540 dental tissue VSAO:curator tooth hard tissue VT:0003930 The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. FMA:75739 NCIT:C33428 lobulus pulmonis pulmonary lobule The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Lobule lobulus pulmonis FMA:75739 FMA:TA One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein. MA:0002243 NCIT:C33787 vena tibialis tibial vein One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tibial+vein Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 ectoderm-derived epithelium ecto-epithelium Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 EHDAA2:0001384 FMA:79793 dorsal pancreas pancreas dorsal primordium dorsal pancreas FMA:79793 EHDAA2:0001387 FMA:79794 ventral pancreas pancreas ventral primordium ventral pancreas FMA:79794 Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. EHDAA2:0001120 mesenchyme from somatopleure Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. EHDAA2:0001122 mesenchyme from splanchnopleure Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. OBOL:automatic An anatomical space that is enclosed by a hypopharynx. FMA:55096 laryngopharynx lumen lumen of laryngopharynx An anatomical space that is enclosed by a hypopharynx. OBOL:automatic laryngopharynx lumen FMA:55096 The segment of the rib that connects to a vertebra[MP]. a small part of the rib composed of the head, neck, tuberculum and a short proximal part of the body[PMID]. MA:0001400 proximal part of rib proximal rib proximal rib segment costal part of rib vertebral part of rib The proximal rib derives from the caudal half of somite[PMID:15906248] proximal segment of rib The segment of the rib that connects to a vertebra[MP]. a small part of the rib composed of the head, neck, tuberculum and a short proximal part of the body[PMID]. MP:0000152 PMID:15906248 proximal part of rib PMID:15906248 proximal rib MA:0001400 An organ cavity that is part of a urethra. FMA:19709 SCTID:279432008 urethral lumen lumen of urethra An organ cavity that is part of a urethra. OBOL:automatic urethral lumen FMA:19709 One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. MA:0000759 NCIT:C49775 Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries trabecular artery spleen trabecular artery One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. MP:0002354 Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. MA:0000760 NCIT:C49779 Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins trabecular vein spleen trabecular vein One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. MP:0002228 Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins trabecular vein Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. EMAPA:35336 MA:0002486 eye surface eye surface region ocular surface ocular surface region The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. MP:0013754 eye surface MA:0002486 An orifice that is part of a lower urinary tract. EMAPA:35965 MA:0002867 urethral orifice urethral opening An orifice that is part of a lower urinary tract. OBOL:automatic urethral orifice OBOL:automatic A naris that is located inside the nasal cavity and connects to the pharynx. NCIT:C32856 choana internal choana choanae internal nares internal nostril internal naris A naris that is located inside the nasal cavity and connects to the pharynx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 choanae internal nares Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx via the roof of the mouth. choana of oropharynx oropharyngeal naris palatal choana apertura nasalis interna cleft palate palatal cleft oropharyngeal choana Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx via the roof of the mouth. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 apertura nasalis interna AAO:0000025 The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. FMA:76551 SCTID:280860001 Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes ciliary processes ciliary processes set processus ciliares set of ciliary processes ciliary process processus ciliares ciliary processes The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes ciliary processes FMA:76551 ciliary processes set FMA:76551 processus ciliares FMA:TA set of ciliary processes FMA:76551 ciliary process Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes processus ciliares Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes A bone that is shaped as a broad flat plate and composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. FMA:7476 NCIT:C32616 SCTID:332907008 Wikipedia:Flat_bone galen:FlatBone os planum Examples: cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula; the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs flat bone A bone that is shaped as a broad flat plate and composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. Wikipedia:Flat_bone os planum Wikipedia:Flat_bone A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. FMA:45572 NCIT:C33419 NCIT:C49316 Wikipedia:Pseudostratified_columnar_epithelium pseudostratified columnar epithelium A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. Wikipedia:Pseudostratified_columnar_epithelium http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pseudostratified+epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. FMA:13146 NCIT:C13181 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. NCIT:NCIT epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) FMA:13146 Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. VSAO:0000135 XAO:0004016 ZFA:0005624 replacement element Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000135 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:D055806 TAO:0005251 ZFA:0005251 microcirculatory vessels microcirculatory vessel A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:A07.231.432 ZFA:0005251 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 microcirculatory vessels TAO:0005251 An organ cavity that surrounded_by a bone. FMA:24021 bone organ cavity cavity of bone organ An organ cavity that surrounded_by a bone. OBOL:automatic bone organ cavity FMA:24021 FMA:24028 air space of bone pneumatic cavity of bone air space of bone FMA:24028 EHDAA2:0001143 EHDAA:7007 EHDAA:8105 EMAPA:17953 MA:0002998 VHOG:0001241 induced blastemal cells nephrogenic interstitium of nephrogenic zone cap mesenchyme of metanephros of urinary system nephrogenic interstitium peripheral blastema metanephros induced blastemal cells induced blastemal cells VHOG:0001241 nephrogenic interstitium of nephrogenic zone EMAPA:17953 cap mesenchyme of metanephros of urinary system EMAPA:17645 peripheral blastema EMAPA:17953 An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron. developing nephron primitive nephron future nephron presumptive nephron primitive nephron An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros[GO]. VHOG:0000714 metanephros cortex The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros[GO]. GO:0072214 Anatomical cluster which give rise to mature mesonephric nephrons. Zebrafish continously generate new mesonephric nephrons. ZFA:0005584 developing mesonephric nephron primitive mesonephric nephron primitive mesonephric nephron Anatomical cluster which give rise to mature mesonephric nephrons. Zebrafish continously generate new mesonephric nephrons. GOC:cvs ZFA:0005584 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917 developing mesonephric nephron ZFA:0005584 A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros. primitive nephron EHDAA2:0001516 developing metanephric nephron primitive metanephric nephron primitive metanephric nephron A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros. OBOL:automatic primitive nephron EHDAA2:0001516 nephron progenitor Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. ZFA:0005587 mesonephric nephron progenitor Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. ZFA:0005587 An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin. limb/fin segment paired limb/fin segment An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin. OBOL:automatic A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a tarsal bone. EHDAA2:0001978 tarsus pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a tarsal bone. OBOL:automatic A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a tarsal bone. EHDAA2:0001977 tarsus cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a tarsal bone. OBOL:automatic The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the autopodium - i.e. the bones of the digits or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]. FMA:231315 VSAO:0005028 acropodial skeleton acropodium skeleton set of phalanges skeletal parts of acropodial region acropodium digital skeleton digits skeleton phalangeal skeleton skeletal parts of acropodium skeleton of digits acropodial skeleton The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the autopodium - i.e. the bones of the digits or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]. VSAO:0005028 VSAO:NI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 set of phalanges FMA:231315 acropodium VSAO:0005028 VSAO:NI The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the manus skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]. AAO:0000946 FMA:71336 MESH:D050279 VSAO:0005026 Wikipedia:Metacarpus XAO:0003208 anterior metapodial skeleton metacarpal bones metacarpal skeleton metacarpals [I-V] metacarpals set ossa metacarpalia [I-V] ossa metacarpi [I-V] set of metacarpal bones set of metacarpals set of metacarpals [I-V] skeleton of metacarpus anterior metapodium fore metapodial skeleton fore metapodium metacarpalia metacarpus skeleton The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the manus skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Metacarpus metacarpal bones FMA:71336 metacarpals [I-V] FMA:71336 metacarpals set FMA:71336 ossa metacarpalia [I-V] FMA:71336 FMA:TA ossa metacarpi [I-V] FMA:71336 FMA:TA set of metacarpal bones FMA:71336 set of metacarpals FMA:71336 set of metacarpals [I-V] FMA:71336 anterior metapodium VSAO:0005026 VSAO:NI fore metapodium AAO:0000946 MA:th http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial metacarpalia Wikipedia:Metacarpus Limb segment that consists of the long bones of the pes. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus. AAO:0000221 FMA:71340 MESH:D008684 VSAO:0005027 Wikipedia:Metatarsus XAO:0003212 metatarsal bones set metatarsal skeleton metatarsals [I-V] ossa metatarsalia [I-V] ossa metatarsi[I-V] posterior metapodial skeleton set of metatarsal bones set of metatarsals [I-V] skeleton of metatarsus metatarsalia ossa metatarsalia posterior metapodium metatarsus skeleton Limb segment that consists of the long bones of the pes. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus. Wikipedia:Metatarsus metatarsal bones set FMA:71340 metatarsals [I-V] FMA:71340 ossa metatarsalia [I-V] FMA:71340 FMA:TA ossa metatarsi[I-V] FMA:71340 FMA:TA set of metatarsal bones FMA:71340 set of metatarsals [I-V] FMA:71340 ossa metatarsalia Wikipedia:Metatarsus posterior metapodium VSAO:0005027 VSAO:NI Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton. VSAO:0005025 metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton metapodial skeleton metapodium skeleton skeletal parts of metapodium skeleton of metapodium metapodium metapodial skeleton Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metapodial skeleton VSAO:0005025 metapodium skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeletal parts of metapodium https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 metapodium VSAO:0005025 VSAO:NI A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0002040 EMAPA:17725 hind limb digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit I metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation foot digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted pedal digit I metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002040 foot digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0002060 EMAPA:17733 hind limb digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit V metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation foot digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted pedal digit V metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0002060 foot digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. EMAPA:18106 hind limb digit 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation pedal digit I metatarsal cartilage element toe 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation foot digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element pedal digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted pedal digit I metatarsal cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. EMAPA:18126 hind limb digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element pedal digit V metatarsal cartilage element toe 5 metatarsal cartilage element foot digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element pedal digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element OBOL:accepted pedal digit V metatarsal cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 1. EHDAA2:0002039 EMAPA:17462 hind limb digit 1 mesenchyme pedal digit I mesenchyme foot digit 1 mesenchyme pedal digit 1 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 1. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 1 mesenchyme OBOL:accepted pedal digit I mesenchyme https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 1 mesenchyme NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 1. EHDAA2:0000513 EMAPA:17431 fore limb digit 1 mesenchyme manual digit I mesenchyme hand digit 1 mesenchyme manual digit 1 mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 1. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 1 mesenchyme OBOL:accepted manual digit I mesenchyme https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 1 mesenchyme NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000515 EMAPA:17714 finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation fore limb digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation manual digit I metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation metacarpal 1 pre-cartilage condensation hand digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation manual digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000515 fore limb digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted manual digit I metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000539 EMAPA:17722 finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation fore limb digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation manual digit V metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation metacarpal 5 pre-cartilage condensation hand digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000539 fore limb digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted manual digit V metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000514 EMAPA:18065 finger 1 metacarpus cartilage element fore limb digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element manual digit I metacarpus cartilage element metacarpus 1 cartilage element hand digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element manual digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic finger 1 metacarpus cartilage element EHDAA2:0000514 fore limb digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element OBOL:accepted manual digit I metacarpus cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000538 EMAPA:18085 finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation fore limb digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element manual digit V metacarpus cartilage element metacarpus 5 cartilage element hand digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element manual digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation EHDAA2:0000538 fore limb digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element OBOL:accepted manual digit V metacarpus cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000516 EMAPA:17715 fore limb digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation manual digit I phalanx pre-cartilage condensation hand digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation manual digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted manual digit I phalanx pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000540 EMAPA:17723 fore limb digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation manual digit V phalanx pre-cartilage condensation hand digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation manual digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted manual digit V phalanx pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0002041 EMAPA:17726 hind limb digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit I phalanx pre-cartilage condensation foot digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted pedal digit I phalanx pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0002061 EMAPA:17734 hind limb digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit V phalanx pre-cartilage condensation foot digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted pedal digit V phalanx pre-cartilage condensation https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit mesenchyme. EMAPA:32950 VHOG:0000952 foot phalanx pre-cartilage condensation hind limb digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation hindlimb phalanx pre-cartilage condensation pes phalanx pre-cartilage condensation foot digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic foot phalanx pre-cartilage condensation VHOG:0000952 hind limb digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted foot digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit mesenchyme. EMAPA:32639 VHOG:0000954 fore limb digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation forelimb phalanx pre-cartilage condensation hand phalanx pre-cartilage condensation manus phalanx pre-cartilage condensation hand digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation manual digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted hand phalanx pre-cartilage condensation VHOG:0000954 hand digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. EMAPA:18066 fore limb digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation manual digit I phalanx cartilage element hand digit 1 phalanx cartilage element manual digit 1 phalanx cartilage element A cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted manual digit I phalanx cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 1 phalanx cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. EMAPA:18086 fore limb digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation manual digit V phalanx cartilage element hand digit 5 phalanx cartilage element manual digit 5 phalanx cartilage element A cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted manual digit V phalanx cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 5 phalanx cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. EMAPA:18107 hind limb digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation pedal digit I phalanx cartilage element foot digit 1 phalanx cartilage element pedal digit 1 phalanx cartilage element A cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted pedal digit I phalanx cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 1 phalanx cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. EMAPA:18127 hind limb digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation pedal digit V phalanx cartilage element foot digit 5 phalanx cartilage element pedal digit 5 phalanx cartilage element A cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted pedal digit V phalanx cartilage element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 5 phalanx cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit mesenchyme. EMAPA:32948 hind limb digit phalanx cartilage condensation foot digit phalanx cartilage element pedal digit phalanx cartilage element A cartilage element that is part of a pedal digit mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit phalanx cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted foot digit phalanx cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted A cartilage element that is part of a manual digit mesenchyme. EMAPA:32658 fore limb digit phalanx cartilage condensation hand digit phalanx cartilage condensation manual digit phalanx cartilage element A cartilage element that is part of a manual digit mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit phalanx cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted hand digit phalanx cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted EMAPA:32956 EMAPA:35568 VHOG:0000948 hind limb digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation metatarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation foot digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation hind limb digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation VHOG:0000948 foot digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:32956 The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the manual autopodium - i.e. the bones of the hands or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]. FMA:71337 VSAO:0005029 Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_hand all phalanges in forelimb autopod anterior acropodium skeleton fore acropodium skeleton hand digit skeleton manual digit skeleton manual phalanges phalanges of hand phalanges of manus set of manual phalanges set of phalanges of hand set of phalanges of manus anterior acropodium skeleton of manual acropodium The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the manual autopodium - i.e. the bones of the hands or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]. VSAO:0005029 VSAO:NI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual phalanges VSAO:0005029 VSAO:NI phalanges of hand FMA:71337 set of phalanges of hand FMA:71337 anterior acropodium VSAO:0005029 VSAO:NI An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 1. EHDAA2:0000512 EMAPA:17430 fore limb digit 1 epithelium manual digit I epithelium hand digit 1 epithelium manual digit 1 epithelium An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 1. OBOL:automatic fore limb digit 1 epithelium OBOL:accepted manual digit I epithelium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 hand digit 1 epithelium NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 1. EHDAA2:0002038 EMAPA:17461 hind limb digit 1 epithelium pedal digit I epithelium foot digit 1 epithelium pedal digit 1 epithelium An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 1. OBOL:automatic hind limb digit 1 epithelium OBOL:accepted pedal digit I epithelium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 foot digit 1 epithelium NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted Mesenchyme of the carpal region that contributes to the tarsal skeleton. EMAPA:18502 mesenchyme of tarsal region Mesenchyme of the carpal region that contributes to the tarsal skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the pedal autopodium - i.e. the bones of the foot or their cartilaginous precursors[cjm]. FMA:78512 VSAO:0005030 Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_foot all phalanges in hindlimb autopod foot digit skeleton hind acropodium skeleton pedal phalanges phalanges of foot phalanges of pes posterior acropodium skeleton set of pedal phalanges set of phalanges of foot set of phalanges of pes posterior acropodium skeleton of pedal acropodium The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the pedal autopodium - i.e. the bones of the foot or their cartilaginous precursors[cjm]. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal phalanges VSAO:0005030 VSAO:NI phalanges of foot FMA:78512 set of phalanges of foot FMA:78512 posterior acropodium VSAO:0005030 VSAO:NI EMAPA:32951 hind limb digit metatarsal cartilage condensation foot digit metatarsal cartilage condensation metatarsal cartilage condensation pedal digit metatarsal cartilage element hind limb digit metatarsal cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted foot digit metatarsal cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted metatarsal cartilage condensation EMAPA:32951 EMAPA:32850 VHOG:0000953 fore limb digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation metacarpal bone pre-cartilage condensation metacarpal pre-cartilage condensation metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation hand digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation fore limb digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation OBOL:accepted metacarpal bone pre-cartilage condensation VHOG:0000953 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation VHOG:0000953 hand digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted EMAPA:32849 finger metacarpus cartilage element fore limb digit metacarpus cartilage element metacarpal cartilage element metacarpus cartilage element hand digit metacarpus cartilage element metacarpal cartilage condensation manual digit metacarpus cartilage element fore limb digit metacarpus cartilage element OBOL:accepted hand digit metacarpus cartilage element NCBITaxon:9606 OBOL:accepted metacarpal cartilage condensation EMAPA:32849 EMAPA:32720 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:32721 phalanx cartilage condensation phalanx cartilage element phalanx cartilage condensation EMAPA:32721 Mesenchyme of the digit region. EMAPA:32719 NCIT:C34141 UMLS:C1511959 digital ray digit mesenchyme Mesenchyme of the digit region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digital ray NCIT:C34141 The collection of all skeletal elements in an forelimb zeugopod region. AAO:0000200 FMA:71199 VSAO:0005011 antebrachial skeleton antebrachium skeleton anterior zeugopodium skeleton fore epipodium skeleton forearm skeleton skeleton of forearm wing zeugopod skeleton anterior zeugopodium fore epipodium forelimb epipodium forelimb epipodium skeleton mesomere 2 of pectoral appendage radius and ulna forelimb zeugopod skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in an forelimb zeugopod region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 antebrachium skeleton PHENOSCAPE:ni anterior zeugopodium skeleton VSAO:0005011 VSAO:NI forearm skeleton FMA:71199 skeleton of forearm FMA:71199 wing zeugopod skeleton NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic anterior zeugopodium VSAO:0005011 VSAO:NI fore epipodium AAO:0000200 forelimb epipodium VSAO:0005011 VSAO:NI mesomere 2 of pectoral appendage ISBN:0226313409 An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). FMA:7182 VSAO:0000214 appendage complex appendage-girdle complex appendage/girdle complex girdle plus limb or fin limb appendage girdle complex An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 appendage complex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 appendage-girdle complex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 appendage/girdle complex VSAO:0000214 girdle plus limb or fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb FMA:7182 Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. FMA:7183 SCTID:110716002 VSAO:0000213 pectoral appendage/girdle complex pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin upper limb upper limb and pectoral girdle upper limb and shoulder pectoral complex Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. VSAO:0000213 pectoral appendage/girdle complex VSAO:0000213 pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper limb FMA:7183 upper limb and pectoral girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper limb and shoulder https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. FMA:7184 SCTID:416631005 VSAO:0000215 pelvic appendage/girdle complex pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin lower limb lower limb and pelvic girdle lower limb and pelvis pelvic complex Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. VSAO:0000215 pelvic appendage/girdle complex VSAO:0000215 pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lower limb FMA:7184 lower limb and pelvic girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lower limb and pelvis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton. VSAO:0005018 limb skeleton subdivision Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton. VSAO:0005018 VSAO:NI An iliac endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0000808 EMAPA:18347 VHOG:0001126 iliac cartilage condensation iliac cartilage element An iliac endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic iliac cartilage condensation EMAPA:18347 A pubic endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001573 EMAPA:26928 pubic cartilage condensation pubic cartilage element A pubic endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic pubic cartilage condensation EMAPA:26928 The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. AAO:0010686 VSAO:0000302 skeleton of girdle girdle skeleton The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb zeugopod region. Typically consists of the tibia and the fibula. AAO:0000216 VSAO:0005014 crural skeleton crus skeleton hindlimb zygopod skeleton posterior zeugopodium skeleton skeleton cruris hind epipodium hindlimb epipodium mesomere 2 of pelvic appendage posterior zeugopodium hindlimb zeugopod skeleton Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb zeugopod region. Typically consists of the tibia and the fibula. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 crural skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 crus skeleton PHENOSCAPE:ni skeleton cruris NominaAnatomicaVeterinaria:2005 hind epipodium AAO:0000216 hindlimb epipodium VSAO:0005014 VSAO:NI mesomere 2 of pelvic appendage ISBN:0226313409 posterior zeugopodium VSAO:0005014 A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). EMAPA:35494 MA:0000688 bone of extended limb/fin region limb bone bone of appendage girdle complex A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bone of extended limb/fin region UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb bone MA:0000688 UBERONREF:0000003 A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. EMAPA:35933 MA:0000612 wing bone bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle forelimb bone bone of pectoral complex A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 wing bone UBERONREF:0000003 bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 forelimb bone MA:0000612 UBERONREF:0000003 A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. EMAPA:35934 MA:0000660 hindlimb bone bone of pelvic complex A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hindlimb bone MA:0000660 UBERONREF:0000003 The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system. EHDAA2:0004661 FMA:231572 NCIT:C12349 SCTID:362879001 UMLS:C0228116 Wikipedia:Meninges neuronames:1465 cerebral meninges cluster of meninges meninges meningeal cluster The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cluster of meninges FMA:231572 meninges FMA:231572 A sacral vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. EHDAA2:0001774 EMAPA:17677 sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation A sacral vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group EHDAA2:0001774 A sacral vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001773 EMAPA:18009 sacral vertebral cartilage condensation sacral vertebral cartilage condensation group sacral vertebra cartilage element A sacral vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic sacral vertebral cartilage condensation group EHDAA2:0001773 A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. appendage segment appendicular segment subdivision of organism along appendicular axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 appendage segment FBbt:00007018 A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a clavicle. EMAPA:18342 clavicle cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a clavicle. OBOL:automatic A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a clavicle. EMAPA:18026 clavicle pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a clavicle. OBOL:automatic A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a tibia. EMAPA:18155 tibia cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a tibia. OBOL:automatic A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a tibia. EHDAA2:0002036 tibia pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a tibia. OBOL:automatic A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a fibula. EMAPA:18154 fibulal cartilage condensation fibular cartilage condensation fibulra cartilage condensation fibula cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a fibula. OBOL:automatic fibulal cartilage condensation EMAPA:18154 fibular cartilage condensation EMAPA:18154 fibulra cartilage condensation EMAPA:18154 A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a fibula. EHDAA2:0000509 EHDAA:6196 fibulal pre-cartilage condensation fibular pre-cartilage condensation fibula pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a fibula. OBOL:automatic A skin of neck that is part of a throat. FMA:23023 SCTID:181482005 skin of anterior neck skin of anterior part of neck skin of anterior portion of neck skin of throat skin of front of neck A skin of neck that is part of a throat. OBOL:automatic skin of anterior neck FMA:23023 skin of anterior part of neck FMA:23023 skin of anterior portion of neck FMA:23023 A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of cartilage tissue. limb cartilage element A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of cartilage tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of pre-cartilage tissue. limb bone pre-cartilage condensation A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of pre-cartilage tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a forelimb bone. EMAPA:32626 forelimb wing cartilaginous condensation wing cartilaginous condensation forelimb cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a forelimb bone. OBOL:automatic forelimb wing cartilaginous condensation NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic wing cartilaginous condensation NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a forelimb bone. EMAPA:32625 wing bone pre-cartilage condensation forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a forelimb bone. OBOL:automatic wing bone pre-cartilage condensation NCBITaxon:8782 OBOL:automatic A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a hindlimb bone. EMAPA:32632 hindlimb cartilage condensation hindlimb cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a hindlimb bone. OBOL:automatic hindlimb cartilage condensation EMAPA:32632 A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a hindlimb bone. EMAPA:32638 hindlimb pre-cartilage condensation hindlimb pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a hindlimb bone. OBOL:automatic hindlimb pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:32638 Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. AAO:0000218 EMAPA:32634 FMA:9622 MA:0000663 pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle lower limb muscle muscle of lower limb muscle of pelvic girdle and leg pelvic complex muscle Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles AAO:0000218 pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lower limb muscle FMA:9622 muscle of lower limb FMA:9622 A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. AAO:0010687 EMAPA:32624 FMA:9621 MA:0000615 pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles muscle of pectoral girdle and wing muscle of upper limb upper limb muscle muscle of pectoral girdle and limb pectoral complex muscle A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles AAO:0010687 muscle of pectoral girdle and wing NCBITaxon:8782 muscle of upper limb FMA:9621 upper limb muscle FMA:9621 horny denticle The hagfish's jawless mouth contains two parallel rows of pointed keratinous teeth keratinous tooth horny denticle http://tolweb.org/Hyperoartia Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. AAO:0010046 BILA:0000046 CARO:0000046 HAO:0000046 TADS:0000609 serially hermaphroditic organism simultaneous hermaphroditic organism synchronous hermaphroditic organism Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. CARO:0000046 serially hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000046 simultaneous hermaphroditic organism https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A primordium that develops into a clavicle bone. EHDAA2:0000254 clavicle primordium lateral part derives from a fish dermal bone while the medial part comes from a spur off the manubrium endochondral bone[JB] clavicle bone primordium A primordium that develops into a clavicle bone. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/327 Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition. VSAO:0000132 Wikipedia:Ossicles Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, 'Panda's thumb' (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids. ossicle Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition. PSPUB:0000169 VSAO:0000132 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. FMA:23879 SCTID:129140006 VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) subdivision of skeleton Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skeletal subdivision VSAO:0000042 subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) FMA:23879 Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. vertebra skeletal element VHOG:0001143 VSAO:0000184 vertebra element vertebra endochondral element vertebral endochondral element vertebral element Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000184 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/294 vertebra skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern vertebra element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern vertebra endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/82 vertebral endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/82 A muscle organ that attaches_to a clavicle and attaches_to a occipital bone. MA:0002276 NCIT:C52895 cleido-occipitalis cleido-occipitalis muscle cleidooccipital Some studies have indicated a supernumerary cleido-occipital muscle more or less separate from the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle; The frequency of cleido-occipital muscle occurrence has been reported up to 33% cleidooccipital muscle A muscle organ that attaches_to a clavicle and attaches_to a occipital bone. OBOL:automatic cleidooccipital MA:0002276 A muscle organ that has_muscle_insertion a occipital bone and has_muscle_origin a sternum. MA:0002385 NCIT:C53069 sternooccipital sternooccipital muscle A muscle organ that has_muscle_insertion a occipital bone and has_muscle_origin a sternum. OBOL:automatic sternooccipital MA:0002385 EHDAA2:0002079 trapezius pre-muscle mass Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. NCIT:C32716 muscle of head or neck muscle of head and neck craniocervical muscle Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EHDAA2:0003425 isa row in EHDAA2 trunk and cervical myotome group EHDAA2:0000933 latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0000993 levator scapulae pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0001833 EHDAA:5992 serratus anterior pre-muscle mass serratus ventralis pre-muscle mass serratus anterior pre-muscle mass EHDAA2:0001833 A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium. EFO:0003689 TAO:0001460 ZFA:0001460 pharyngeal arch cartilages splanchnocranium cartilage pharyngeal arch cartilage A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium. OBOL:automatic pharyngeal arch cartilages ZFA:0001460 splanchnocranium cartilage ZFA:0001460 The eighth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. EMAPA:19549 FMA:9991 MA:0001445 NCIT:C33730 SCTID:181836007 T8 vertebra eighth dorsal vertebra eighth thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebra 8 The eighth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ncithesaurus:T8_Vertebra T8 vertebra FMA:9991 eighth dorsal vertebra FMA:9991 eighth thoracic vertebra FMA:9991 The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw[ZFIN,VHOG]. EFO:0003659 TAO:0001272 ZFA:0001272 dorsal visceral arch 1 upper pharyngeal jaw dorsal mandibular arch dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 dorsal visceral arch 1 palatoquadrate arch upper jaw upper pharyngeal jaw palatoquadrate arch The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw[ZFIN,VHOG]. VHOG:0000511 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/153 dorsal visceral arch 1 ZFA:0001272 upper pharyngeal jaw ZFA:0001272 dorsal mandibular arch VHOG:0000511 dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 VHOG:0000511 dorsal visceral arch 1 VHOG:0000511 palatoquadrate arch VHOG:0000511 upper jaw VHOG:0000511 upper pharyngeal jaw VHOG:0000511 A ligament that is part of a knee joint. FMA:44580 SCTID:182440009 knee joint ligament ligament of knee joint A ligament that is part of a knee joint. OBOL:automatic knee joint ligament FMA:44580 The cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. EMAPA:32669 VHOG:0000584 vertebral cartilage condensation vertebra cartilage element The cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000184 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vertebral cartilage condensation VHOG:0000584 The pre-cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. EMAPA:32671 VHOG:0000582 vertebral pre-cartilage condensation vertebra pre-cartilage condensation The pre-cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000184 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vertebral pre-cartilage condensation VHOG:0000582 The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. FMA:52628 NCIT:C32908 SCTID:280218007 Wikipedia:Lacrimal_nerve nervus lacrimalis lacrimal nerve The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Wikipedia:Lacrimal_nerve nervus lacrimalis Wikipedia:Lacrimal_nerve An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5. FMA:86330 fifth metacarpal bone epiphysis metacarpal 5 epiphysis epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5. OBOL:automatic fifth metacarpal bone epiphysis FMA:86330 A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region. FMA:35173 NCIT:C32890 joint of pelvic girdle pelvic girdle joint synovial joint of pelvic girdle A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region. OBOL:automatic pelvic girdle joint FMA:35173 A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. FMA:35243 SCTID:303080001 joint of shoulder girdle pectoral girdle joint synovial joint of pectoral girdle A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. OBOL:automatic pectoral girdle joint FMA:35243 A joint that connects the tibia and the fibula. FMA:35181 SCTID:244554002 Wikipedia:Tibiofibular_joint fibulatibial joint fibulotibial joint tibiafibular joint tibiofibular joint A joint that connects the tibia and the fibula. Wikipedia:Tibiofibular_joint https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The tarsometatarsal articulations are arthrodial joints in the pes. FMA:35216 SCTID:182222008 Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations tarso-metatarsal join Lisfranc joint articulationes tarsometatarsales cuboideometatarsal tarsometatarsal tarsometatarsal articulation tarsometatarsal joint The tarsometatarsal articulations are arthrodial joints in the pes. Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations Lisfranc joint Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations articulationes tarsometatarsales Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations cuboideometatarsal Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations tarsometatarsal Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations tarsometatarsal articulation Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations The carpometacarpal joints (CMC) are joints in the wrist that articulates the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the metacarpal bones. CMJ carpometacarpal FMA:35287 NCIT:C32265 SCTID:361842002 Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint articulationes carpometacarpeæ carpometacarpal articulation carpometacarpal joint The carpometacarpal joints (CMC) are joints in the wrist that articulates the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the metacarpal bones. Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint CMJ Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint carpometacarpal Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint articulationes carpometacarpeæ Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint carpometacarpal articulation Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint A skeletal joint that connects a laryngeal cartilage. FMA:55100 joint of larynx laryngeal articulation laryngeal joint A skeletal joint that connects a laryngeal cartilage. OBOL:automatic joint of larynx FMA:55100 laryngeal articulation FMA:55100 2 A skeletal joint that connects two adjacent metacarpals[FMA,modified]. FMA:35288 SCTID:303065007 Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations intermetacarpal intermetacarpal articulation intermetacarpal joint A skeletal joint that connects two adjacent metacarpals[FMA,modified]. FMA:35288 intermetacarpal Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations intermetacarpal articulation Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations 2 A skeletal joint that connects two carpal bones. FMA:35292 NCIT:C32264 SCTID:182176003 Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations carpal joint intercarpal intercarpal articulation midcarpal articulation intercarpal joint A skeletal joint that connects two carpal bones. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 carpal joint FMA:35292 intercarpal Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations intercarpal articulation Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations midcarpal articulation Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations 2 A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals. FMA:35219 SCTID:361868009 Wikipedia:Intermetatarsal_articulations intermetatarsal joint A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals. Wikipedia:Intermetatarsal_articulations Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. FMA:7491 solid joint nonsynovial joint Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. FMA:7491 solid joint FMA:7491 2 A cartilage element that lies between two successive vertebral centra. AAO:0000795 intervertebral cartilage A cartilage element that lies between two successive vertebral centra. ISBN:0073040584 Ligament that joins successive centra. Important in controlling the stiffness of the vertebral column when it flexes. intervertebral ligament vertebral centrum ligament FMA:31892 SCTID:244590009 vertebral column ligament ligament of vertebral column Ligament that joins successive centra. Important in controlling the stiffness of the vertebral column when it flexes. ISBN:0073040584 vertebral column ligament FMA:31892 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. FMA:7483 axial skeletal system Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system FMA:302077 post-cranial axial skeletal system postcranial axial skeletal system Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/44 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 axial skeletal system https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-axial-skeleton Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. FMA:258776 synovial joint of free limb segment Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses. synovial limb joint Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 synovial joint of free limb segment FMA:258776 Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. VSAO:0000131 XAO:0004194 ossicle of appendicular skeleton Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint. appendicular ossicle Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. PSPUB:0000169 VSAO:0000131 ossicle of appendicular skeleton OBOL:automatic Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton. VSAO:0000133 ossicle of axial skeleton ossicle of postcranial-axial skeleton vertebral ossicle Examples of axial ossicles include the ossified tendons adjacent to the neural spines of the vertebral column. axial ossicle Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton. PSPUB:0000169 VSAO:0000133 ossicle of axial skeleton OBOL:automatic ossicle of postcranial-axial skeleton OBOL:automatic vertebral ossicle OBOL:automatic Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. FMA:45658 NCIT:C61107 SCTID:181413006 galen:UpperUrinaryTract upper urinary tract Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. FMA:45658 Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. BTO:0003751 Wikipedia:Submucosal_glands submucosal gland Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. BTO:0003751 Wikipedia:Submucosal_glands Surface structure that extends from the chin covering pharynx and larynx. TAO:0002286 gular region Surface structure that extends from the chin covering pharynx and larynx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. EHDAA2:0002206 EHDAA:8361 EMAPA:18022 FMA:53673 MA:0000318 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton facial skeleton facial bone ossa facialia ossa faciei viscerocranium facial skeleton Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. MP:0005274 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton http://www.bartleby.com/107/37.html https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 facial skeleton FMA:53673 facial bone MA:0000318 ossa facialia Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton ossa faciei Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton viscerocranium MA:0000318 The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. FMA:54964 skull subdivision subdivision of skull primary subdivision of skull The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skull subdivision FMA:54964 subdivision of skull FMA:54964 primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35238 MA:0001478 SCTID:120229002 chondrocranium bone neurocranium bone A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic chondrocranium bone MA:0001478 Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. jaw joint craniomandibular joint joint connecting upper and lower jaws Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system. NCIT:C32669 gastrointestinal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system. OBOL:automatic A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. FMA:15654 NCIT:C49298 lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine large intestinal lamina propria large intestine lamina propria lamina propria of large intestine A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. OBOL:automatic lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine FMA:15654 large intestine lamina propria FMA:15654 Ophthalmic veins are veins which drain the eye. More specifically, they can refer to: Superior ophthalmic vein Inferior ophthalmic vein. EHDAA2:0004113 EMAPA:19313 Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_veins XAO:0004169 opthalmic vein vena ophthalmica ophthalmic vein Ophthalmic veins are veins which drain the eye. More specifically, they can refer to: Superior ophthalmic vein Inferior ophthalmic vein. Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_veins opthalmic vein EHDAA2:0004113 vena ophthalmica Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_veins The superior ophthalmic vein begins at the inner angle of the orbit in a vein named the nasofrontal which communicates anteriorly with the angular vein; it pursues the same course as the ophthalmic artery, and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel. Forming a short single trunk, it passes between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure, and ends in the cavernous sinus. The ethmoidal veins drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Vorticose veins also drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. FMA:51246 SCTID:149481004 Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein anterior ethmoidal vein posterior ethmoidal vein superior ophthalmic superior opthalmic vein superior ophthalmic vein The superior ophthalmic vein begins at the inner angle of the orbit in a vein named the nasofrontal which communicates anteriorly with the angular vein; it pursues the same course as the ophthalmic artery, and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel. Forming a short single trunk, it passes between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure, and ends in the cavernous sinus. The ethmoidal veins drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Vorticose veins also drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein anterior ethmoidal vein Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein posterior ethmoidal vein Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein superior ophthalmic Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein An epithelium that is part of a parathyroid gland. CALOHA:TS-2141 NCIT:C48258 parathyroid epithelium An epithelium that is part of a parathyroid gland. OBOL:automatic A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine. FMA:14971 NCIT:C32927 muscular coat of large intestine muscular layer of large intestine muscularis externa of large intestine tunica muscularis intestini crassi muscle layer of large intestine A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine. OBOL:automatic muscular coat of large intestine FMA:14971 muscular layer of large intestine FMA:14971 muscularis externa of large intestine FMA:14971 tunica muscularis intestini crassi FMA:TA A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine. FMA:14932 NCIT:C33569 SCTID:362145004 muscular coat of small intestine muscular layer of small intestine muscularis externa of small intestine small intestine muscularis propria tunica muscularis (intestinum tenue) tunica muscularis intestini tenuis muscle layer of small intestine A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine. OBOL:automatic muscular coat of small intestine FMA:14932 muscular layer of small intestine FMA:14932 muscularis externa of small intestine FMA:14932 small intestine muscularis propria FMA:14932 tunica muscularis (intestinum tenue) FMA:14932 tunica muscularis intestini tenuis FMA:TA A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. FMA:83143 cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer central nervous system cell part cluster A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. OBOL:automatic cell part cluster of neuraxis FMA:83143 neuraxis layer FMA:83143 A subdivision of an anatomical system. FMA:67509 SCTID:91690000 organ system subdivision A subdivision of an anatomical system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 AAO:0010038 EMAPA:18808 FMA:49150 intrinsic muscle of eyeball intrinsic ocular muscle intra-ocular muscle intrinsic ocular muscle EMAPA:18808 Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa. synovium BTO:0001823 FMA:40878 Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath Alternate def: A synovial sheath is a layer of a tendon sheath containing tendons in the hand and foot. They lie internal to the fibrous tendon sheaths. An example is the common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons. [Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath] synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa. FMA:45087 Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath synovium BTO:0001823 FMA:40877 fibrous membrane of synovial tendon sheath The most anterior region of the braincase. Provides structural support for peripheral olfactory organ. AAO:0000986 ethmoid region The most anterior region of the braincase. Provides structural support for peripheral olfactory organ. UBERONREF:0000007 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. FMA:7484 VSAO:0000306 appendicular skeletal system Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a autopod region. Note that this incudes the carpal and tarsal bones. autopod bone A bone that is part of a autopod region. Note that this incudes the carpal and tarsal bones. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Scent glands are exocrine glands found in most mammals. They produce semi-viscous secretions which contain pheromones and other semiochemical compounds. These odor-messengers indicate information such as status, territory marking, mood, and sexual power. The odor may be subliminal-not consciously detectable. Though it is not their primary function, the salivary glands may also function as scent glands in some animals. BTO:0002068 MESH:D012543 Wikipedia:Scent_gland scent gland Scent glands are exocrine glands found in most mammals. They produce semi-viscous secretions which contain pheromones and other semiochemical compounds. These odor-messengers indicate information such as status, territory marking, mood, and sexual power. The odor may be subliminal-not consciously detectable. Though it is not their primary function, the salivary glands may also function as scent glands in some animals. Wikipedia:Scent_gland A carpometacarpal joint that connects to metacarpal 1. FMA:35421 SCTID:361843007 Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb carpometacarpal joint of digit I carpometacarpal joint of pollex carpometacarpal joint of thumb TMJ carpometacarpal joint of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint carpometacarpal joint of digit 1 A carpometacarpal joint that connects to metacarpal 1. Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb carpometacarpal joint of digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 carpometacarpal joint of pollex FMA:35421 carpometacarpal joint of thumb FMA:35421 TMJ Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb trapeziometacarpal joint Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. EMAPA:35162 FMA:25056 MA:0000020 Wikipedia:Human_back back of trunk dorsal part of trunk dorsum of trunk trunk back dorsal trunk The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. UBERONREF:0000006 Wikipedia:Human_back back of trunk FMA:25056 dorsum of trunk FMA:25056 trunk back FMA:25056 EHDAA2:0001845 basal cell layer of skin outer epithelium of body embryonic skin basal layer outer epithelium of body Wikipathways:WP2062 The submucous layer of the wall of the uterine tube. BTO:0002116 SCTID:245489008 submucosa of fallopian tube tela submucosa tubae uterinae submucous layer of uterine tube uterine submucosa submucosa of uterine tube The submucous layer of the wall of the uterine tube. BTO:0002116 tela submucosa tubae uterinae BTO:0002116 submucous layer of uterine tube BTO:0002116 A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon. BIRNLEX:1067 FMA:83911 predominantly gray regional part of telencephalon gray matter of telencephalon A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon. OBOL:automatic predominantly gray regional part of telencephalon BIRNLEX:1067 EMAPA:17884 extrinsic tongue pre-muscle mass A blood vasculature that is part of a head. TAO:0005297 ZFA:0005297 cranial blood vessel set of blood vessels of head cranial blood vessels cranial blood vasculature A blood vasculature that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic cranial blood vessel ZFA:0005297 cranial blood vessels TAO:0005297 A lymph vasculature that is part of a head. FMA:224562 TAO:0005298 ZFA:0005298 cranial lymph vessel cranial lymphatics set of lymphatic vessels of head cranial lymph vessels set of cranial lymphatic vessels cranial lymph vasculature A lymph vasculature that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic cranial lymph vessel ZFA:0005298 cranial lymphatics UBERON:cjm set of lymphatic vessels of head FMA:224562 cranial lymph vessels TAO:0005298 set of cranial lymphatic vessels FMA:224562 A transverse process of vertebra that is part of a vertebral bone 1. FMA:23981 SCTID:181895009 Wikipedia:Transverse_processes transverse process of atlas A transverse process of vertebra that is part of a vertebral bone 1. OBOL:automatic A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis or clitoris. Glands may also be present. NCIT:C12323 prepuce A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis or clitoris. Glands may also be present. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A zone of skin that is part of a prepuce of clitoris. FMA:27886 SCTID:367670008 preputial skin of clitoris skin of prepuce of clitoris A zone of skin that is part of a prepuce of clitoris. OBOL:automatic preputial skin of clitoris FMA:27886 FMA:54364 SCTID:432899004 cavity of digestive tract cavity of gastrointestinal tract gastrointestinal tract lumen lumen of gastrointestinal tract lumen of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract lumen FMA:54364 lumen of gastrointestinal tract FMA:54364 An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus. EMAPA:18380 FMA:9398 SCTID:322648002 cavity of eosophagus cavity of esophagus eosophageal cavity eosophageal lumen eosophagus lumen esophageal cavity esophageal lumen esophagus lumen lumen of esophagus An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus. OBOL:automatic cavity of esophagus FMA:9398 esophageal cavity FMA:9398 esophageal lumen FMA:9398 esophagus lumen FMA:9398 A tube lumen that is part of a mesonephric duct. EHDAA2:0001244 nephric duct lumen cavity of nephric duct mesonephric duct lumen A tube lumen that is part of a mesonephric duct. OBOL:automatic nephric duct lumen EHDAA2:0001244 The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. VSAO:0000301 limb/fin skeleton skeletal parts of limb/fin skeleton of limb/fin paired limb/fin skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb/fin skeleton VSAO:0000301 Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0005007 stylopodium skeleton mesomere 1 propodial skeleton propodium proximal metapterygial mesomere stylopod stylopodium stylopodial skeleton Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0005007 mesomere 1 ISBN:0226313409 propodium VSAO:0005007 proximal metapterygial mesomere ISBN:0226313409 stylopod VSAO:0005007 Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium. VSAO:0005010 epipodial skeleton skeleton of zeugopod zeugopod skeleton epipodium mesomere 2 mesomere 2 skeleton zygopodium zeugopodial skeleton Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium. VSAO:0005010 skeleton of zeugopod https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 zeugopod skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 epipodium VSAO:0005010 mesomere 2 ISBN:0226313409 mesomere 2 skeleton ISBN:0226313409 zygopodium VSAO:0005010 Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). VSAO:0000006 XAO:0004021 cell condensation Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000006 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix. EMAPA:36439 VSAO:0000071 XAO:0004052 pre-dentine tissue predentin predentine tissue pre-dentine Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000071 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 pre-dentine tissue VSAO:curator predentin PMCID:PMC3360947 predentine tissue VSAO:curator Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. VSAO:0000066 XAO:0004202 pre-enamel tissue preenamel tissue pre-enamel Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000066 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 pre-enamel tissue VSAO:curator preenamel tissue VSAO:curator Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. VSAO:0000089 XAO:0004044 non-mineralized cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000089 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 EHDAA2:0002120 upper jaw future lip future upper lip upper jaw future lip EHDAA2:0002120 Tooth that is attached to a dentary/mandible[TAO,modified]. AAO:0000125 AAO:0000641 SCTID:245547003 TAO:0001628 mandibular teeth mandibular tooth tooth of dentary dentary tooth Tooth that is attached to a dentary/mandible[TAO,modified]. TAO:0001628 mandibular teeth AAO:0000641 A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. EMAPA:32905 NCIT:C114916 jaw region A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EHDAA2:0001020 lower jaw future lip future lower lip lower jaw future lip EHDAA2:0001020 Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). upper jaw bone bone of upper jaw Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A gingiva that is part of a upper jaw region. EMAPA:18970 FMA:59763 NCIT:C54205 SCTID:304703001 UMLS:C0227121 gum of maxilla gum of upper jaw upper gingiva upper jaw gingiva maxillary gum upper gum gingiva of upper jaw A gingiva that is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic gum of upper jaw EMAPA:18970 upper jaw gingiva FMA:59763 maxillary gum FMA:59763 A gingiva that is part of a lower jaw region. EMAPA:18967 FMA:59764 NCIT:C54204 SCTID:304704007 UMLS:C0227123 gum of lower jaw gum of mandible lower gingiva lower jaw gingiva lower gum lower jaw gum mandibular gum gingiva of lower jaw A gingiva that is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic gum of lower jaw EMAPA:18967 lower jaw gingiva FMA:59764 lower jaw gum FMA:59764 mandibular gum FMA:59764 An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. EHDAA2:0004137 oral epithelium from ectoderm An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. OBOL:automatic Limb extensor that runs from ilium to femur. iliofemoralis iliofemoralis muscle Limb extensor that runs from ilium to femur. ISBN:0073040584 AAO:0000247 EFO:0003511 TAO:0000236 XAO:0003269 ZFA:0000236 mandibular muscle mandibular muscles jaw muscle mandibular muscle TAO:0000236 mandibular muscles TAO:0000236 A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. axial subdivision of organism body segment main body segment subdivision of organism along main body axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes caudal/coccygeal vertebra, which are located posteriorly. In tetrapods this includes thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and excludes the cervical vertebrae, which are located anteriorly. thoracolumbar vertebra presacral vertebra trunk vertebra A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes caudal/coccygeal vertebra, which are located posteriorly. In tetrapods this includes thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and excludes the cervical vertebrae, which are located anteriorly. UBERONREF:0000006 presacral vertebra http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A tarsal bone that connected_to a hindlimb zeugopod skeleton. proximal tarsal bone A tarsal bone that connected_to a hindlimb zeugopod skeleton. OBOL:automatic VHOG:0001157 extraembryonic umbilical artery extraembryonic portion of umbilical artery extraembryonic umbilical artery VHOG:0001157 A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. EHDAA2:0000216 FMA:305965 NCIT:C34148 conceptus cardiovascular system embryonic circulatory system fetal circulatory system embryonic cardiovascular system A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0000937 extraembryonic umbilical artery left left extraembryonic umbilical artery extraembryonic umbilical artery left EHDAA2:0000937 EHDAA2:0001721 extraembryonic umbilical artery right right extraembryonic umbilical artery extraembryonic umbilical artery right EHDAA2:0001721 EMAPA:35903 MA:0003179 valve leaflet cardiac valve leaflet valve leaflet MA:0003179 A cardiac valve leaflet that is part of a pulmonary valve. EMAPA:18629 VHOG:0000820 pulmonary valve leaflets A cardiac valve leaflet that is part of a pulmonary valve. OBOL:automatic Paired structures in the embryo that represent the final stage of development of the caudal end of the external genitals before sexual differentiation. In both males and females the two swellings merge: in the female, they become the posterior labial commissure; In the male, they become the scrotum. EMAPA:30074 EMAPA:35377 VHOG:0000976 Wikipedia:Labioscrotal_swelling labioscrotal swelling tuberculum labioscrotale genital swelling Paired structures in the embryo that represent the final stage of development of the caudal end of the external genitals before sexual differentiation. In both males and females the two swellings merge: in the female, they become the posterior labial commissure; In the male, they become the scrotum. Wikipedia:Labioscrotal_swelling tuberculum labioscrotale Wikipedia:Labioscrotal_swelling A genital swelling that is part of a female reproductive system. labial swelling EHDAA2:0000501 EHDAA:9363 EMAPA:18329 EMAPA:30423 labioscrotal swelling of female labial primordium female labial swelling A genital swelling that is part of a female reproductive system. OBOL:automatic labial swelling EMAPA:18329 labioscrotal swelling of female EMAPA:30423 A genital swelling that is part of a male reproductive organ. EHDAA2:0001049 EMAPA:30509 labioscrotal swelling of male scrotal bulge scrotal primordium male genital swelling A genital swelling that is part of a male reproductive organ. OBOL:automatic labioscrotal swelling of male EMAPA:30509 NCIT:C34274 Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus phallus phallus primordialis primordial phallus differentiated genital tubercle phallus Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus phallus primordialis Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus primordial phallus Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus Anatomical projection that is composed of cartilage tissue. FMA:284626 cartilage process cartilaginous process cartilaginous projection Anatomical projection that is composed of cartilage tissue. VSAO:wd An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw. AAO:0000273 lower jaw opening An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw. OBOL:automatic An anatomical space that is part of a bone of upper jaw. AAO:0000621 upper jaw opening An anatomical space that is part of a bone of upper jaw. OBOL:automatic A cranial nerve nucleus that is associated with a vagus nerve. FMA:54573 SCTID:362467005 nucleus of Xth nerve nucleus of vagal X nerve nucleus of vagal nerve nucleus of vagus nerve tenth cranial nerve nucleus vagal X nucleus vagal nucleus vagus nucleus nodosal nucleus vagus nerve nucleus A cranial nerve nucleus that is associated with a vagus nerve. OBOL:automatic nucleus of vagus nerve FMA:54573 tenth cranial nerve nucleus FMA:54573 vagal X nucleus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vagal nucleus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vagus nucleus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 nodosal nucleus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A neural nucleus that is part of the spinal cord. FMA:77011 spinal cord nucleus nucleus of spinal cord A neural nucleus that is part of the spinal cord. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 spinal cord nucleus FMA:77011 A nerve that is part of a head. cephalic nerve head nerve nerve of head region A nerve that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. non-neurogenic ectodermal placode Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. PMID:11523831 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An ectodermal placode that gives rise to any of the cutaneous appendages that protrude from the skin epidermis (heair, feathers, epidermal scales). cutaneous appendage follicle placode skin follicle placode skin appendage placode An ectodermal placode that gives rise to any of the cutaneous appendages that protrude from the skin epidermis (heair, feathers, epidermal scales). https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1266 An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. EHDAA2:0004149 FMA:85125 AV region AV segment atrial ventricular junction atrioventricular junction atrioventricular segment atrioventricular region An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 AV region PMID:21234997 AV segment PMID:21234997 atrial ventricular junction GO:0003294 atrioventricular junction FMA:85125 GO:0003294 atrioventricular segment PMID:21234997 Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 irregular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20109 NCIT:C32882 Wikipedia:Dense_irregular_connective_tissue irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) dense irregular connective tissue Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20109 Wikipedia:Dense_irregular_connective_tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) FMA:20109 Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. AAO:0000121 NCIT:C32450 Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue FMA:75634 SCTID:363130003 fibrous connective tissue Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 NCIT:C33007 Wikipedia:Loose_connective_tissue textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus loose connective tissue Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 textus connectivus collagenosus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA textus connectivus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA A duct that is part of a sebaceous gland. FMA:70947 NCIT:C33520 sebaceous gland duct duct of sebaceous gland A duct that is part of a sebaceous gland. OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland duct FMA:70947 An acinus that is part of a sebaceous gland. FMA:59657 sebaceous gland acinus acinus of sebaceous gland An acinus that is part of a sebaceous gland. OBOL:automatic sebaceous gland acinus FMA:59657 An acinus that is part of a salivary gland. FMA:59870 salivary gland acinus acinus of salivary gland An acinus that is part of a salivary gland. OBOL:automatic salivary gland acinus FMA:59870 An acinus that is part of a mammary gland. FMA:74438 lactiferous gland acinus acinus of lactiferous gland An acinus that is part of a mammary gland. OBOL:automatic lactiferous gland acinus FMA:74438 An acinus that is part of a lacrimal gland. FMA:85250 lacrimal gland acinus acinus of lacrimal gland An acinus that is part of a lacrimal gland. OBOL:automatic lacrimal gland acinus FMA:85250 An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. exocrine gland acinus acinus of exocrine gland An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. OBOL:automatic FMA:63212 MESH:D024022 NCIT:C32339 NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 collection of collagen fibrils The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of aorta tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. aorta collagen fibril The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of aorta tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. MP:0011640 The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. pulmonary collagen fibril The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. MP:0011641 The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. bone collagen fibril The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. MP:0011642 The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of tendon tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. tendon collagen fibril The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of tendon tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. MP:0011643 The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. corneal stroma collagen fibril The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. MP:0011650 A skeletal ligament that is part of a sternoclavicular joint. FMA:63980 SCTID:182386007 ligamentum sternoclavicularis sternoclavicular joint ligament ligament of sternoclavicular joint A skeletal ligament that is part of a sternoclavicular joint. OBOL:automatic ligamentum sternoclavicularis sternoclavicular joint ligament FMA:63980 A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. FMA:62998 muscle coat of esophagus muscular coat of oesophagus muscular layer of oesophagus tela muscularis (oesophagus) tunica muscularis esophagi tunica muscularis oesophageae muscle layer of esophagus A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. OBOL:automatic muscle coat of esophagus FMA:62998 muscular coat of oesophagus FMA:62998 muscular layer of oesophagus FMA:62998 tela muscularis (oesophagus) FMA:62998 FMA:TA tunica muscularis esophagi tunica muscularis oesophageae FMA:TA Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. SCTID:280656002 Haller tunica vascula anterior part of uveal tract anterior uveal tract anterior vascular layer of the eyeball anterior vascular tunic of the eye tunica vasculosa bulbosa ventral uveal tract ciliary body and iris vasculosa oculi anterior uvea Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. MP:0005194 Haller tunica vascula MP:0005194 tunica vasculosa bulbosa MP:0005194 vasculosa oculi MP:0005194 An organ cavity that is part of a vagina. FMA:19982 vaginal lumen lumen of vagina An organ cavity that is part of a vagina. OBOL:automatic vaginal lumen FMA:19982 Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. FMA:9726 NCIT:C32527 Wikipedia:Epimysium fascia of muscle organ epimysia epimysium Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. Wikipedia:Epimysium fascia of muscle organ FMA:9726 epimysia Wikipedia:Epimysium Masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac. EHDAA2:0000177 EMAPA:16115 visceral yolk sac blood island yolk sac blood islands yolk sac blood island Masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac. MP:0011204 visceral yolk sac blood island MP:0011204 yolk sac blood islands EHDAA2:0000177 EHDAA2:0003242 blood island of umbilical vesicle insula sanguinea vesiculae umbilicalis connecting stalk blood islands blood island of umbilical vesicle Wikipedia:Blood_island insula sanguinea vesiculae umbilicalis Wikipedia:Blood_island Hair in the nose. FMA:53670 SCTID:368885003 Wikipedia:Nasal_hair hair of nose hair of vestibular part of nose nose hair nasal hair Hair in the nose. Wikipedia:Nasal_hair hair of nose FMA:53670 hair of vestibular part of nose FMA:53670 nose hair FMA:53670 An epidermal invagination that has as parts a hair follicle, a sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle. EMAPA:36582 FMA:70661 Wikipedia:Pilosebaceous_unit fabrica pilosebacea pilo-sebaceous apparatus pilo-sebaceous unit pilosebaceous apparatus pilosebaceous gland pilosebaceous unit An epidermal invagination that has as parts a hair follicle, a sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle. ISBN:0123813611 PMCID:PMC3130146 Wikipedia:Pilosebaceous_unit fabrica pilosebacea Wikipedia:Pilosebaceous_unit pilo-sebaceous apparatus FMA:70661 pilosebaceous gland FMA:70661 A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. EMAPA:17623 MA:0001613 NCIT:C77661 SCTID:27633001 glandular stomach stomach glandular region A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. FMA:14339 MA:0003032 SCTID:55188000 left hepatic vein A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. OBOL:automatic A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. FMA:14338 MA:0003034 SCTID:18135006 right hepatic vein A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. OBOL:automatic An articular capsule that is part of the glenohumeral joint. FMA:34944 SCTID:361836001 Wikipedia:Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus articular capsule of humerus articular capsule of shoulder joint capsule of shoulder joint fibrous capsule of glenohumeral joint glenohumeral joint capsule articular capsule of glenohumeral joint An articular capsule that is part of the glenohumeral joint. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 articular capsule of humerus Wikipedia:Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus capsule of shoulder joint FMA:34944 fibrous capsule of glenohumeral joint FMA:34944 glenohumeral joint capsule FMA:34944 An articular capsule that is part of the hip joint. FMA:42821 SCTID:263382006 Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint capsula articularis coxae capsule of hip joint fibrous capsule of hip joint articular capsule of hip joint An articular capsule that is part of the hip joint. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 capsula articularis coxae Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint capsule of hip joint Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint fibrous capsule of hip joint FMA:42821 In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex. FMA:75298 SCTID:23059003 Wikipedia:Saddle_joint sellar joint articulation by reciprocal reception saddle joint In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex. Wikipedia:Saddle_joint sellar joint Wikipedia:Saddle_joint articulation by reciprocal reception Wikipedia:Saddle_joint A skeletal ligament that connects a tibia and connects a tarsal skeleton. FMA:44055 SCTID:41159004 deltoid collateral ligament of ankle joint deltoid ligament of ankle joint ligamentum collaterale mediale (articulatio talocruralis) ligamentum collaterale mediale articulationis talocruralis ligamentum deltoideum ligamentum deltoideum (articulatio talocruralis) medial collateral ligament of ankle joint medial ligament of ankle joint A skeletal ligament that connects a tibia and connects a tarsal skeleton. OBOL:automatic deltoid collateral ligament of ankle joint FMA:44055 deltoid ligament of ankle joint FMA:44055 ligamentum collaterale mediale (articulatio talocruralis) FMA:44055 ligamentum collaterale mediale articulationis talocruralis FMA:44055 FMA:TA ligamentum deltoideum FMA:TA ligamentum deltoideum (articulatio talocruralis) FMA:44055 medial collateral ligament of ankle joint FMA:44055 An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. SCTID:314621001 epiphysis of phalanx of toe epiphysis of phalanx of pes An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of pes. SCTID:280047006 epiphysis of proximal phalanx of toe epiphysis of proximal phalanx of pes An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of pes. OBOL:automatic An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of pes. SCTID:280048001 epiphysis of middle phalanx of toe epiphysis of middle phalanx of pes An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of pes. OBOL:automatic An epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of pes. SCTID:280049009 epiphysis of distal phalanx of toe epiphysis of distal phalanx of pes An epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of pes. OBOL:automatic An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manus. SCTID:280044004 epiphysis of proximal phalanx of finger epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manus An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manus. OBOL:automatic An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manus. SCTID:280045003 epiphysis of middle phalanx of finger epiphysis of middle phalanx of manus An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manus. OBOL:automatic An epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manus. FMA:321561 SCTID:280046002 epiphysis of distal phalanx of finger epiphysis of distal phalanx of manus An epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manus. OBOL:automatic A joint that connects the bones of the crus to the proximal tarsal bones. Wikipedia:Crurotarsal crurotarsal line of flexion between calcaneus and astragalus crurotarsal joint A joint that connects the bones of the crus to the proximal tarsal bones. Wikipedia:Crurotarsal The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. EHDAA2:0004731 Wikipedia:Coelom enterocoelom haemocoelom schizocoelom coelem coelomic cavity coelom The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Body_cavity Wikipedia:Coelom enterocoelom NCBITaxon:33511 coelomic cavity EHDAA2:0004731 The cavity within a myotome. EMAPA:31134 VHOG:0001283 myocoele The cavity within a myotome. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myocoele FMA:62811 epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue A tooth that is on the roof of the mouth. palatal teeth palatal tooth A tooth that is on the roof of the mouth. http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/therapsida/anteosauria.html palatal teeth Any bone that is part of a palate. NCIT:C33248 palatal bone palate bone Any bone that is part of a palate. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 dermatocranium, palatal series palatal series palatal part of dermatocranium dermatocranium, palatal series ISBN:0073040584 palatal series ISBN:0073040584 Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue. AAO:0010768 TAO:0001637 ZFA:0001628 replacement bones replacement bone Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue. ZFA:0001628 replacement bones ZFA:0001628 A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a patella. EMAPA:19140 patella cartilage element A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a patella. OBOL:automatic A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a patella. EMAPA:18510 patella pre-cartilage condensation A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a patella. OBOL:automatic An anatomical cavity that is part of a bronchus. FMA:62646 SCTID:199401001 bronchial lumen lumen of bronchus bronchial lumen An anatomical cavity that is part of a bronchus. OBOL:automatic bronchial lumen FMA:62646 lumen of bronchus FMA:62646 A salivary gland that is part of a cheek. FMA:59793 NCIT:C32237 buccal salivary gland A salivary gland that is part of a cheek. OBOL:automatic Outermost point on an external nose or snout. FMA:59518 SCTID:361926005 apex nasi apex of nose nasal tip tip of nose pirula snout tip tip of snout nose tip Outermost point on an external nose or snout. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/109 apex nasi FMA:TA apex of nose FMA:59518 nasal tip FMA:59518 tip of nose FMA:59518 pirula https://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/translat/84v.hti segment of autopod A segment of the autopod consisting of both acropodial region and metapodial region, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial region. acropodium (Wagner) digitopodium region A segment of the autopod consisting of both acropodial region and metapodial region, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial region. PHENOSCAPE:ni https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/131 A digitopodium region that is part of a manus[Obol]. This includes the fingers and metacarpal region, but excludes the carpal region. manual digitopodium region A digitopodium region that is part of a manus[Obol]. This includes the fingers and metacarpal region, but excludes the carpal region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A digitopodium region that is part of a pes[Obol]. This includes the toes and metatarsal region, but excludes the tarsals region. pedal digitopodium region A digitopodium region that is part of a pes[Obol]. This includes the toes and metatarsal region, but excludes the tarsals region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton. digitopodium skeleton of digits skeleton of digitopodium A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton. PHENOSCAPE:ni digitopodium PHENOSCAPE:ni skeleton of digits A subdivision of the manus skeleton consisting of both manual acropodial skeleton and metacarpal skeleton, but excluding the carpal skeleton. manual digitopodium skeleton of manual digitopodium A subdivision of the manus skeleton consisting of both manual acropodial skeleton and metacarpal skeleton, but excluding the carpal skeleton. PHENOSCAPE:ni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the pes skeleton consisting of both pedal acropodial skeleton and metatarsal skeleton, but excluding the tarsal skeleton. pedal digitopodium skeleton of pedal digitopodium A subdivision of the pes skeleton consisting of both pedal acropodial skeleton and metatarsal skeleton, but excluding the tarsal skeleton. PHENOSCAPE:ni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth[WP]. BTO:0004053 CALOHA:TS-1079 EFO:0001942 MESH:D005312 Wikipedia:Cord_blood cord blood fetal blood umbilical cord blood Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells, which can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic disorders.[WP] umbilical cord blood Blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth[WP]. Wikipedia:Cord_blood cord blood BTO:0004053 fetal blood MESH:A12.207.152.200 umbilical cord blood MESH:A12.207.152.200 A primordium that has the potential to develop into a stomach. EFO:0002580 NCIT:C34305 stomach endoderm stomach primordium A primordium that has the potential to develop into a stomach. OBOL:automatic stomach endoderm EFO:0002580 EHDAA2:0000494 EMAPA:16794 SCTID:361514006 acousticofacial ganglion facio-acoustic ganglion facio-acoustic ganglion complex VII-VIII facio-acoustic VII-VIII ganglion complex facio-acoustic ganglion complex acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex facio-acoustic ganglion complex VII-VIII EMAPA:16794 facio-acoustic VII-VIII ganglion complex VHOG:0000715 facio-acoustic ganglion complex EMAPA:16794 An apocrine gland that is part of a skin of body. MA:0000147 Note that 'skin apocrine gland' does not cover 'apocrine sweat gland': in the former, "apocrine" refers to the type of secretion mechanism, while in the latter it refers to a structural feature. skin apocrine gland An apocrine gland that is part of a skin of body. OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. MA:0000574 NCIT:C12294 head or neck skin A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins. MA:0002194 NCIT:C53062 phrenic vein The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins. ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Vein Network of tubes that carries blood through the distensible musculomembranous organ that serves to collect and store urine excreted by the kidneys[MP]. EMAPA:28679 bladder vasculature blood vessels of bladder set of urinary bladder blood vessels blood vessel of bladder urinary bladder vasculature Network of tubes that carries blood through the distensible musculomembranous organ that serves to collect and store urine excreted by the kidneys[MP]. MP:MP blood vessels of bladder EMAPA:28679 blood vessel of bladder EMAPA:28679 External opening or orifice of the urethra through which urine and seminal fluid (in males only) leave the body; in males the meatus presents as a vertical slit normally positioned at the tip of glans penis; in females the meatus is located between the clitoris and the vagina in the vulvular vestibule of the female genitalia[MP]. FMA:19650 SCTID:181424008 Wikipedia:Urinary_meatus external meatus of urethra external urethral orifice external urethral ostium external urinary meatus meatus urinarius orificium urethrae externum orificium urethræ externum urethral meatus urinary meatus urethral meatus External opening or orifice of the urethra through which urine and seminal fluid (in males only) leave the body; in males the meatus presents as a vertical slit normally positioned at the tip of glans penis; in females the meatus is located between the clitoris and the vagina in the vulvular vestibule of the female genitalia[MP]. MP:MP Wikipedia:Urinary_meatus external meatus of urethra FMA:19650 external urethral orifice FMA:19650 external urethral ostium FMA:19650 external urinary meatus FMA:19650 meatus urinarius orificium urethrae externum orificium urethræ externum urethral meatus FMA:19650 A urethral meatus that is part of a male urethra[Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36434 FMA:85265 MA:0002642 SCTID:279478000 Wikipedia:External_urethral_orifice_(male) external orifice of male urethra external urethral orifice (male) male urethra ostium ostium urethrae externum (urethra masculina) urethral meatus of penile urethra distal urethral opening of male urethral opening of penile urethra male urethral meatus A urethral meatus that is part of a male urethra[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:External_urethral_orifice_(male) external orifice of male urethra FMA:85265 external urethral orifice (male) FMA:85265 male urethra ostium MA:0002642 ostium urethrae externum (urethra masculina) FMA:TA urethral meatus of penile urethra EMAPA:36434 distal urethral opening of male EMAPA:36434 urethral opening of penile urethra EMAPA:36434 The usually crescent-shaped opening of the urinary bladder into the urethra, placed at the anteroinferior angle (apex) of the urinary bladder trigone. FMA:85263 SCTID:362228001 Wikipedia:Internal_urethral_orifice internal meatus of urethra internal urethral orifice of urinary bladder internal urethral ostium orificium urethrae internum ostium orificium internum ostium urethrae internum vesicourethral orifice internal urethral ostium internal urinary meatus internal urethral orifice The usually crescent-shaped opening of the urinary bladder into the urethra, placed at the anteroinferior angle (apex) of the urinary bladder trigone. MGI:anna MP:0011782 internal meatus of urethra FMA:85263 internal urethral orifice of urinary bladder FMA:85263 internal urethral ostium FMA:85263 orificium urethrae internum MP:0011782 ostium orificium internum ostium urethrae internum Wikipedia:Internal_urethral_orifice vesicourethral orifice FMA:85263 internal urethral ostium MP:0011782 internal urinary meatus MP:0011782 Mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix. NCIT:C32296 SCTID:280836000 glandulae cervicales cervical gland Mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cervical+glands glandulae cervicales FMA:TA Lining of the head of the uterus (cervix); contains large branched glands; does not undergo sloughing. BTO:0000411 cervical mucosa Lining of the head of the uterus (cervix); contains large branched glands; does not undergo sloughing. BTO:0000411 The part of the cervix uteri that protrudes into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. BTO:0001850 CALOHA:TS-1098 FMA:77056 FMA:86484 NCIT:C12310 SCTID:264459002 Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix ectocervix portio vaginalis portio vaginalis cervicis uterine ectocervix vaginal part of cervix exocervix ectocervix The part of the cervix uteri that protrudes into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. BTO:0001850 Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix ectocervix BTO:0001850 FMA:86484 portio vaginalis Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix portio vaginalis cervicis BTO:0001850 uterine ectocervix CALOHA:TS-1098 vaginal part of cervix FMA:77056 exocervix BTO:0001850 A glandular epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix. NCIT:C54414 cervix columnar epithelium cervix glandular epithelium A glandular epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a ectocervix. SCTID:361376000 exocervical epithelium ectocervical epithelium An epithelium that is part of a ectocervix. OBOL:automatic The glandular epithelium that lines the endocervix. NCIT:C96180 SCTID:362256006 endocervical glandular epithelium endocervical epithelium The glandular epithelium that lines the endocervix. ncithesaurus:Endocervical_Glandular_Epithelium Region of cervical epithelium where columnar epithelium of endocervic and the stratified non-keratinising squamous epithelium of the ectocervic meet. squamocolumnar junction NCIT:C97148 SCTID:280451001 squamo-columnar junction of uterine cervix squamocolumnar junction of uterine cervix Site of 90% of lower genital tract neoplasia. This junction is presumed, but not proven, to be the embryologic junction of the Müllerian and urogenital sinus epithelia. cervical squamo-columnar junction Region of cervical epithelium where columnar epithelium of endocervic and the stratified non-keratinising squamous epithelium of the ectocervic meet. http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta. SCTID:281470000 abdominal artery artery of abdomen abdominal aorta artery An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta. Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta#Branches https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. Wikipedia:Columnar_epithelium columnar epithelium An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. Wikipedia:Columnar_epithelium Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:86452 mesoderm-derived epithelium mesoepithelium meso-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:35308 FMA:86488 MA:0002732 glandular part of endometrium uterine glands uterine glands set endometrium glandular epithelium glandular part of endometrium FMA:86488 The nasal glands are the seromucous glands in the respiratory region of the nasal mucous membrane. The three major types of nasal glands are anterior serous glands, seromucous glands, and Bowman glands. nasal gland FMA:321518 NCIT:C22725 SCTID:368881007 Wikipedia:Nasal_glands glandula nasalis glandulae nasales gland of nasal mucosa The nasal glands are the seromucous glands in the respiratory region of the nasal mucous membrane. The three major types of nasal glands are anterior serous glands, seromucous glands, and Bowman glands. Wikipedia:Nasal_glands glandula nasalis glandulae nasales A holocrine gland that is part of the pilosebaceous unit of a hair located in the area around the anus. MESH:D010481 NCIT:C77620 circumanal gland perianal gland perianal sebaceous gland A holocrine gland that is part of the pilosebaceous unit of a hair located in the area around the anus. ISBN:0123813611 circumanal gland MESH:A13.734 perianal gland MESH:A13.734 An epithelial sac that is part of a Rathke's pouch. EHDAA2:0001473 EMAPA:25036 Rathkes pouch epithelium An epithelial sac that is part of a Rathke's pouch. OBOL:automatic One of the pair of mesenchymal swellings (folds) located on either side of the cloacal membrane during the indifferent stage of embryonic development; cranial to the cloacal membrane the folds unite to form the genital tubercle; caudally the folds are subdivided into urogenital folds anteriorly and anal folds posteriorly. cloacal fold EHDAA2:0004009 We presume this is distinct from AAO:0001003, an external integumentary structure - check with amphibian anatomy ontology developers. AO notes: the text def states mesenchymal swelling, EHDAA2 splits into mesenchymal and epithelial parts embryonic cloacal fold One of the pair of mesenchymal swellings (folds) located on either side of the cloacal membrane during the indifferent stage of embryonic development; cranial to the cloacal membrane the folds unite to form the genital tubercle; caudally the folds are subdivided into urogenital folds anteriorly and anal folds posteriorly. MP:0011836 MP:anna cloacal fold EHDAA2:0004009 A mucosa that is part of a urethra. FMA:76904 SCTID:362229009 mucous membrane of urethra tunica mucosa urethrae urethral mucosa mucosa of urethra A mucosa that is part of a urethra. OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of urethra FMA:76904 tunica mucosa urethrae FMA:TA urethral mucosa FMA:76904 EHDAA2:0000039 EMAPA:16389 ectoderm of maxillary component 1st arch maxillary ectoderm ectoderm of maxillary component EMAPA:16389 One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. FMA:293103 SCTID:89066004 embryonic facial process facial primordium primordium of face embryonic facial prominence One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html The median slit located inferior and posterior to the external urethral orifice in the female; the exit for menstrual flow and birth and the entrance for the penis during sexual intercourse; the size and appearance of the vaginal orifice varies inversely with that of the hymen (G. membrane), a thin fold of mucous membrane that surrounds the vaginal orifice. introitus FMA:19984 Wikipedia:Vaginal_orifice opening of vagina orifice of vagina ostium vaginae vagina opening vaginal orifice introitus introitus of vagina vaginal introitus vagina orifice The median slit located inferior and posterior to the external urethral orifice in the female; the exit for menstrual flow and birth and the entrance for the penis during sexual intercourse; the size and appearance of the vaginal orifice varies inversely with that of the hymen (G. membrane), a thin fold of mucous membrane that surrounds the vaginal orifice. MGI:anna MGI:csmith MP:0001142 introitus FMA:19984 orifice of vagina FMA:19984 ostium vaginae FMA:TA vagina opening MP:0001142 vaginal orifice FMA:19984 introitus FMA:19984 introitus of vagina MP:0001142 An artery of the neck. NCIT:C52850 cervical artery An artery of the neck. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. FMA:10659 SCTID:244223002 Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery profunda cervicalis deep cervical artery The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery profunda cervicalis Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. FMA:10664 MA:0001936 SCTID:244224008 Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery cervical artery cervical transverse artery descending branch of the transverse cervical transversalis artery colli transversalis colli artery transverse cervical transverse cervical vessels transverse cervical artery The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery cervical artery MA:0001936 Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery cervical transverse artery Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery descending branch of the transverse cervical Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery transversalis artery colli Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery transversalis colli artery Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery transverse cervical Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery transverse cervical vessels Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin. FMA:45568 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Keratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum cornificatum keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin. FMA:45568 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Keratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum cornificatum FMA:45568 The lymphocytic cell population present in the mucosa of the nasopharyngeal duct of some animals. FMA:79771 MA:0003030 NCIT:C77659 NALT naso-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue nasal-associated lymphoid tissue The lymphocytic cell population present in the mucosa of the nasopharyngeal duct of some animals. ncithesaurus:Nasal-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue NALT Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue#Categorisation naso-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue FMA:79771 A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis. FMA:16516 MESH:D001956 NCIT:C12318 SCTID:362723009 Wikipedia:Broad_ligament_of_the_uterus broad uterine ligament broad ligament ligamentum latum uteri broad ligament of uterus A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis. MESH:A02.513.170 Wikipedia:Broad_ligament_of_the_uterus broad uterine ligament FMA:16516 broad ligament MESH:A02.513.170 ligamentum latum uteri A zone of skin that is part of the area surrounding the anus. FMA:29350 MA:0003046 SCTID:181522009 skin of perianal area perianal skin A zone of skin that is part of the area surrounding the anus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any exocrine gland whose secretion consists of its own disintegrated secretory cells along with its secretory product; holocrine secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen. BTO:0002325 MA:0003042 Wikipedia:Holocrine holocrine gland Any exocrine gland whose secretion consists of its own disintegrated secretory cells along with its secretory product; holocrine secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen. MP:0013543 The segment of the autopod that is distal to the metapodial region and consists of the digits. acropodial limb segment acropodial region acropodial segment of autopod set of digits acropodium region The segment of the autopod that is distal to the metapodial region and consists of the digits. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The segment of the manus that is distal to the metacarpal region and consists of the manual digits (fingers). FMA:75592 acropodial hindlimb segment acropodial region of manus acropodial segment of manus all fingers anterior acropodium region anterior acropodium segment of limb digiti manus digits of hand fingers including thumb fingers set manual acropodium region manual acropodium segment of limb set of digits of hand set of fingers anterior acropodium manual acropodium manual acropodium region The segment of the manus that is distal to the metacarpal region and consists of the manual digits (fingers). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digiti manus FMA:TA digits of hand FMA:75592 fingers including thumb FMA:75592 fingers set FMA:75592 set of digits of hand FMA:75592 set of fingers FMA:75592 The segment of the pes that is distal to the metatarsal region and consists of the pedal digits (toes). FMA:70664 SCTID:362835004 acropodial forelimb segment acropodial region of pes acropodial segment of pes all toes digits of foot pedal acropodium region set of toes toes set toes pedal acropodium region The segment of the pes that is distal to the metatarsal region and consists of the pedal digits (toes). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digits of foot FMA:70664 set of toes FMA:70664 toes set FMA:70664 toes FMA:70664 A bone that is part of a the digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the acropodial skeleton or the metapodial skeleton. digit bone digitopodium bone A bone that is part of a the digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the acropodial skeleton or the metapodial skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit bone A bone that is part of a the manual digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the fingers or the metacarpal skeleton. SCTID:265809008 bone of forelimb digitopodium manual digitopodium bone A bone that is part of a the manual digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the fingers or the metacarpal skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a the pedal digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the toes or the metatarsal skeleton. bone of hindlimb digitopodium pedal digitopodium bone A bone that is part of a the pedal digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the toes or the metatarsal skeleton. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone element that is part of a jaw region. EMAPA:35453 MA:0003130 SCTID:369003004 jaw bone bone of jaw A bone element that is part of a jaw region. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0004588 internal anal region A muscle layer that is part of an intestine. FMA:15697 intestinal muscularis propria muscularis externa of intestine smooth muscle of intestine muscle layer of intestine A muscle layer that is part of an intestine. OBOL:automatic intestinal muscularis propria FMA:15697 muscularis externa of intestine FMA:15697 A nerve plexus that is part of a sympathetic nervous system. MA:0001160 sympathetic nerve plexus A nerve plexus that is part of a sympathetic nervous system. OBOL:automatic A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. FMA:45636 NCIT:C94494 SCTID:2255006 Wikipedia:Subserosa Contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics and lymph nodes subserosa A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. Wikipedia:Subserosa A muscular coat that is part of a jejunum. FMA:14951 muscularis externa of jejunum jejunal smooth muscle muscularis propria of jejunum smooth muscle of jejunum muscle layer of jejunum A muscular coat that is part of a jejunum. OBOL:automatic muscularis externa of jejunum FMA:14951 jejunal smooth muscle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscularis propria of jejunum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 smooth muscle of jejunum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A muscular coat that is part of a urinary bladder. FMA:15930 NCIT:C32206 bladder muscular coat muscle layer of urinary bladder muscular coat of bladder muscular coat of urinary bladder muscular layer of bladder muscular layer of urinary bladder tunica musculari vesicae tunica muscularis (vesica urinaria) muscle layer of urinary bladder A muscular coat that is part of a urinary bladder. OBOL:automatic muscle layer of urinary bladder FMA:15930 muscular coat of bladder FMA:15930 muscular coat of urinary bladder FMA:15930 muscular layer of bladder FMA:15930 muscular layer of urinary bladder FMA:15930 tunica musculari vesicae FMA:TA tunica muscularis (vesica urinaria) FMA:TA MA:0001802 respiratory system arterial smooth muscle A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. MA:0001812 respiratory system venous smooth muscle A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. OBOL:automatic A layer of microvilli, Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments[GO,modified]. FMA:67296 MESH:D008871 NCIT:C33112 Wikipedia:Microvillus microvilli microvillus layer of microvilli A layer of microvilli, Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments[GO,modified]. GO:0005902 Wikipedia:Microvillus microvilli MESH:A11.284.180.565 microvillus FMA:67296 A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine. FMA:70978 NCIT:C33634 striated border striated border microvillus layer A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/striated+border http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 striated border FMA:70978 Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. CALOHA:TS-2142 FMA:14073 NCIT:C13051 haemopoietic tissue hematopoietic tissue hemopoietic tissue textus haemopoieticus bone marrow tissue hematopoietic tissue Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/hematopoietic+tissue haemopoietic tissue FMA:14073 hematopoietic tissue FMA:14073 hemopoietic tissue FMA:14073 textus haemopoieticus FMA:14073 bone marrow tissue NCBITaxon:9606 The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. tunica fibrosa FMA:58102 SCTID:361318005 Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball fibrous layer of eyeball corneosclera fibrous tunic tunica fibrosa of eyeball The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball fibrous layer of eyeball FMA:58102 corneosclera Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball fibrous tunic Wikipedia:Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball An anatomical space that is enclosed by a cloaca. TAO:0000330 ZFA:0000330 cloaca lumen cloacal chamber cloacal lumen An anatomical space that is enclosed by a cloaca. OBOL:automatic cloaca lumen ZFA:0000330 cloacal chamber ZFA:0000330 The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. cloacal opening cloacal orifice vent cloacal vent The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical space that is enclosed by a terminal part of digestive tract. lumen of terminal part of digestive tract An anatomical space that is enclosed by a terminal part of digestive tract. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0000472 EMAPA:16054 VHOG:0000767 extraembryonic cavities extraembryonic cavity extraembryonic cavities EHDAA2:0000472 An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. AEO:0000222 closed anatomical space enclosed anatomical space An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. AEO:0000222 Triangular calcified papillae (often five) placed radially around the anus of some Holothuriidae. anal teeth calcified anal papilla cloacal tooth perianal tooth anal tooth Triangular calcified papillae (often five) placed radially around the anus of some Holothuriidae. http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=nasc&selected=definitie&menuentry=woordenlijst&record=Anal%20teeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/142845 anal teeth EHDAA2:0004589 external anal region The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. FMA:24139 bones of upper limb ossa membri superioris pectoral complex skeleton set of bones of upper limb skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle upper limb skeleton skeleton of pectoral complex The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bones of upper limb FMA:24139 ossa membri superioris FMA:TA pectoral complex skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 set of bones of upper limb FMA:24139 skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper limb skeleton FMA:24139 The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. FMA:24140 bones of lower limb lower limb skeleton ossa membri inferioris pelvic complex skeleton set of bones of lower limb skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle skeleton of pelvic complex The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 bones of lower limb FMA:24140 lower limb skeleton FMA:24140 ossa membri inferioris FMA:TA pelvic complex skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 set of bones of lower limb FMA:24140 skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The posterior region of the neck, including the suboccipital region. nape BTO:0000957 FMA:24189 SCTID:182326009 SCTID:304036007 back of neck nape of neck neck back nucha nuchal region posterior cervical region posterior neck region posterior part of neck regio cervicalis posterior hindneck dorsal part of neck The posterior region of the neck, including the suboccipital region. MP:0012723 nape BTO:0000957 back of neck FMA:24189 neck back FMA:24189 nucha FMA:24189 nuchal region FMA:24189 posterior cervical region FMA:24189 posterior neck region FMA:24189 posterior part of neck FMA:24189 regio cervicalis posterior FMA:TA A gland that is part of a cloaca. cloacal gland A gland that is part of a cloaca. OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. cloaca mucosa cloaca mucosa of organ cloaca mucous membrane cloaca organ mucosa cloacal mucous membrane mucosa of cloaca mucosa of organ of cloaca mucous membrane of cloaca organ mucosa of cloaca cloacal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. EMAPA:27577 EMAPA:36070 ZFA:0005783 cloacal endoderm cloacal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cloacal endoderm EMAPA:27577 A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. cloaca submucosa cloacal submucosa submucosa of cloaca A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. cloaca serosa cloaca serous membrane cloacal serosa serous membrane of cloaca visceral peritoneum of cloaca serosa of cloaca A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cloacal villi cloacal villus cloacal villi A muscular coat that is part of a cloaca. muscularis externa of cloaca smooth muscle of cloaca muscle layer of cloaca A muscular coat that is part of a cloaca. OBOL:automatic A sphincter muscle that is part of a vagina. sphincter of vagina vaginal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of a vagina. OBOL:automatic A muscular coat that is part of a duodenum. FMA:14944 SCTID:362147007 duodenal muscularis propria muscularis externa of duodenum muscularis propria of duodenum smooth muscle of duodenum muscle layer of duodenum A muscular coat that is part of a duodenum. OBOL:automatic duodenal muscularis propria FMA:14944 muscularis externa of duodenum FMA:14944 muscularis propria of duodenum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 smooth muscle of duodenum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A muscular coat that is part of a colon. EMAPA:27383 FMA:14986 MA:0003198 SCTID:362158003 colonic muscularis propria muscular coat of colon muscular layer of colon muscularis externa of colon tunica muscularis coli colon muscularis muscle layer of colon A muscular coat that is part of a colon. OBOL:automatic colonic muscularis propria FMA:14986 muscular coat of colon FMA:14986 muscular layer of colon FMA:14986 muscularis externa of colon FMA:14986 tunica muscularis coli FMA:TA colon muscularis MA:0003198 A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal. FMA:15708 SCTID:362171000 anal canal muscularis propria anal muscularis propria muscular coat of anal canal muscular layer of anal canal muscularis externa of anal canal muscularis propria of anal canal muscle layer of anal canal A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal. OBOL:automatic anal muscularis propria FMA:15708 muscularis propria of anal canal FMA:15708 A serous membrane that is part of a vermiform appendix. FMA:14997 SCTID:22488003 appendiceal serosa appendix serosa serosa of vermiform appendix visceral peritoneum of vermiform appendix serosa of appendix A serous membrane that is part of a vermiform appendix. OBOL:automatic appendiceal serosa FMA:14997 appendix serosa FMA:14997 serosa of vermiform appendix FMA:14997 visceral peritoneum of vermiform appendix FMA:14997 A serous membrane that is part of a fallopian tube. FMA:18316 SCTID:259593000 serosa of fallopian tube serosa of oviduct serous coat of uterine tube tunica serosa (tuba uterina) tunica serosa tubae uterinae uterine tubal serosa uterine tube serosa serosa of uterine tube A serous membrane that is part of a fallopian tube. OBOL:automatic serosa of fallopian tube FMA:18316 serosa of oviduct FMA:18316 serous coat of uterine tube FMA:18316 tunica serosa (tuba uterina) FMA:18316 tunica serosa tubae uterinae FMA:TA uterine tubal serosa FMA:18316 uterine tube serosa FMA:18316 An adventitia that is part of a esophagus. FMA:63006 SCTID:85950006 adventitia of oesophagus adventitious layer of esophagus esophageal adventitia esophagus adventitia tunica adventitia (esophagus) tunica adventitia oesophageae adventitia of esophagus An adventitia that is part of a esophagus. OBOL:automatic adventitia of oesophagus FMA:63006 adventitious layer of esophagus FMA:63006 esophageal adventitia FMA:63006 esophagus adventitia FMA:63006 tunica adventitia (esophagus) FMA:63006 tunica adventitia oesophageae FMA:TA A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a umbilical cord. BTO:0001847 umbilical smooth muscle A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a umbilical cord. OBOL:automatic An anatomical junction that connects a stomach and connects a duodenum. FMA:17046 SCTID:264014000 gastroduodenal junction An anatomical junction that connects a stomach and connects a duodenum. OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a gastroduodenal junction. BTO:0005415 gastroduodenal mucosa mucosa of gastroduodenal junction A mucosa that is part of a gastroduodenal junction. OBOL:automatic gastroduodenal mucosa BTO:0005415 The subdivision of the digestive tract that consists of the colon and the rectum. BTO:0001613 CALOHA:TS-1298 NCIT:C54189 colorectum The subdivision of the digestive tract that consists of the colon and the rectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A mucosa that is part of a colorectum. BTO:0002435 colorectal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a colorectum. OBOL:automatic FMA:32888 basal epiphysis of phalanx of foot base of phalanx of foot basis phalangis (pedis) basis phalangis pedis proximal epiphysis of phalanx of toe proximal epiphysis of phalanx of pes basal epiphysis of phalanx of foot FMA:32888 base of phalanx of foot FMA:32888 basis phalangis (pedis) FMA:32888 basis phalangis pedis FMA:TA proximal epiphysis of phalanx of toe FMA:32888 A vein that is part of a abdomen. SCTID:281473003 abdominal vein vein of abdomen A vein that is part of a abdomen. OBOL:automatic The part of the venous system that drains the lungs[Kardong]. Wikipedia:Pulmonary_venous_system pulmonary venous circulatory system pulmonary venous system The part of the venous system that drains the lungs[Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 Wikipedia:Pulmonary_venous_system A vein that drains a lip. SCTID:367664002 labial vein of face lip vein vena labialis labial vein vein of lip A vein that drains a lip. OBOL:automatic lip vein OBOL:automatic vena labialis A nonskeletal ligament that is part of a liver. FMA:15820 NCIT:C32997 SCTID:48536008 hepatic ligament liver ligament ligament of liver A nonskeletal ligament that is part of a liver. OBOL:automatic hepatic ligament FMA:15820 Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. FMA:66644 NCIT:C33719 SCTID:244389004 systemic venous tree organ part systemic vein Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein systemic venous tree organ part FMA:66644 EHDAA2:0000101 SCTID:361482003 rhombencephalic vesicle gives rise of 4th ventricle hindbrain vesicle rhombencephalic vesicle EHDAA2:0000101 NCIT:C34259 SCTID:360409004 neuronames:2499 early brain vesicle primitive brain vesicle primary brain vesicle secondary brain vesicle brain vesicle future brain vesicle One of two arteries (anterior and posterior choroidal artery) that supply blood to the choroid plexus, optic tract, hippocampus, globus pallidus, and other various brain regions. NCIT:C32310 SCTID:244210009 artery of choroid plexus choroid artery choroidal artery One of two arteries (anterior and posterior choroidal artery) that supply blood to the choroid plexus, optic tract, hippocampus, globus pallidus, and other various brain regions. ncithesaurus:Choroidal_Artery EHDAA2:0000033 EMAPA:16384 endoderm of mandibular component 1st arch mandibular endoderm endoderm of mandibular component EMAPA:16384 A gland that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000574 EMAPA:17065 gland of foregut-midgut junction foregut-midgut junction gland A gland that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. OBOL:automatic gland of foregut-midgut junction EMAPA:17065 EHDAA2:0000449 EHDAA:5435 EMAPA:17533 VHOG:0000913 mantle layer epithalamus mantle layer of epithalamus epithalamus mantle layer mantle layer epithalamus VHOG:0000913 EHDAA2:0000450 EHDAA:5437 EMAPA:17535 VHOG:0000884 ventricular layer epithalamus ventricular layer of epithalamus epithalamus ventricular layer ventricular layer epithalamus VHOG:0000884 The layer of the ovarian stroma lying immediately beneath the tunica albuginea, composed of connective tissue cells and fibers, among which are scattered primary and secondary (antral) follicles in various stages of development; the cortex varies in thickness according to the age of the individual, becoming thinner with advancing years; included in the follicles are the cumulus oophorus, membrana granulosa (and the granulosa cells inside it), corona radiata, zona pellucida, and primary oocyte; the zona pellucida, theca of follicle, antrum and liquor folliculi are also contained in the follicle; also in the cortex is the corpus luteum derived from the follicles. FMA:18613 NCIT:C33243 cortex of ovary cortex ovarii (zona parenchymatosa) ovarian cortex The layer of the ovarian stroma lying immediately beneath the tunica albuginea, composed of connective tissue cells and fibers, among which are scattered primary and secondary (antral) follicles in various stages of development; the cortex varies in thickness according to the age of the individual, becoming thinner with advancing years; included in the follicles are the cumulus oophorus, membrana granulosa (and the granulosa cells inside it), corona radiata, zona pellucida, and primary oocyte; the zona pellucida, theca of follicle, antrum and liquor folliculi are also contained in the follicle; also in the cortex is the corpus luteum derived from the follicles. MGI:anna cortex of ovary FMA:18613 cortex ovarii (zona parenchymatosa) FMA:18613 Highly vascular stroma found in the center of the ovary that forms from embryonic mesenchyme and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves; this stroma forms the tissue of the hilum by which the ovarian ligament is attached, and through which the blood vessels enter; it does not contain any ovarian follicles. FMA:18616 NCIT:C33245 Wikipedia:Medulla_of_ovary medulla of ovary medulla ovarii (zona vasculosa) zona vasculosa of Waldeyer ovarian medulla Highly vascular stroma found in the center of the ovary that forms from embryonic mesenchyme and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves; this stroma forms the tissue of the hilum by which the ovarian ligament is attached, and through which the blood vessels enter; it does not contain any ovarian follicles. MGI:anna medulla of ovary FMA:18616 medulla ovarii (zona vasculosa) FMA:18616 zona vasculosa of Waldeyer Wikipedia:Medulla_of_ovary A bodily secretion that is produced by a gland of anal sac. castoreum civet anal gland secretion hyena butter musk odorous sac anal sac gland secretion A bodily secretion that is produced by a gland of anal sac. OBOL:automatic castoreum NCBITaxon:29132 civet NCBITaxon:9673 hyena butter Wikipedia:Hyena_butter musk NCBITaxon:30533 The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. FMA:86279 acinus of serous gland serous acinus The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm future glans A future glans that is part of a male genital tubercle. EMAPA:29252 glans of male genital tubercle future glans penis A future glans that is part of a male genital tubercle. OBOL:automatic A future glans that is part of a female genital tubercle. EMAPA:19170 glans of female genital tubercle future glans clitoris A future glans that is part of a female genital tubercle. OBOL:automatic The precursor of the urethra. SCTID:361531004 Wikipedia:Urethral_groove sulcus urethralis primarius urethral groove urethral sulcus embryonic urethral groove The precursor of the urethra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 sulcus urethralis primarius Wikipedia:Urethral_groove An epithelial tube that develops from a Mullerian duct in a male. Later degenerates. EHDAA2:0001052 EMAPA:29161 EMAPA:35661 degenerating mesonephric portion of male paramesonephric duct male paramesonephric duct An epithelial tube that develops from a Mullerian duct in a male. Later degenerates. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 degenerating mesonephric portion of male paramesonephric duct EMAPA:29161 A diaphysis that is part of a fibula[Automatically generated definition]. FMA:33738 SCTID:302528006 Wikipedia:Body_of_fibula body of fibula corpus fibulae fibula diaphysis shaft of fibula diaphysis of fibula A diaphysis that is part of a fibula[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:Body_of_fibula body of fibula FMA:33738 corpus fibulae FMA:TA fibula diaphysis FMA:33738 shaft of fibula FMA:33738 A diaphysis that is part of a tibia. FMA:33125 MA:0003049 SCTID:302525009 Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia body of tibia corpus tibiae shaft of tibia tibial diaphysis body of the tibia shaft of tibia diaphysis of tibia A diaphysis that is part of a tibia. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia body of tibia FMA:33125 corpus tibiae FMA:TA shaft of tibia FMA:33125 tibial diaphysis FMA:33125 body of the tibia Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia shaft of tibia Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. FMA:9644 MA:0003061 NCIT:C77638 SCTID:264452006 Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity neuronames:2806 cavitas cranii intracranial cavity intracranial space cranial cavity Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. UBERON:cjm cavitas cranii FMA:9644 FMA:TA intracranial cavity Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity intracranial space Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity The upper one third of esophagus in which the muscle layer is composed of muscle cells of the striated type. NCIT:C12253 SCTID:276801001 proximal part of esophagus upper third of esophagus upper esophagus The upper one third of esophagus in which the muscle layer is composed of muscle cells of the striated type. ncithesaurus:Upper_Third_of_the_Esophagus A thickened round patch of lymphoid tissue located at the ileocecal junction adjacent to the sacculus rotundus. SCTID:14239003 caecal tonsil cecal GALT cecal tonsil A thickened round patch of lymphoid tissue located at the ileocecal junction adjacent to the sacculus rotundus. ISBN:0824754077 A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004128 CALOHA:TS-0573 respiratory endothelium lung endothelium A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic respiratory endothelium BTO:0004128 The panniculus adiposus is the fatty layer of the subcutaneous tissues, superficial to a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. An example is the Fascia of Camper. Another example is the superficial cervical fascia[WP]. Wikipedia:Panniculus_adiposus panniculus adiposus group subcutaneous fat panniculus adiposus The panniculus adiposus is the fatty layer of the subcutaneous tissues, superficial to a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. An example is the Fascia of Camper. Another example is the superficial cervical fascia[WP]. Wikipedia:Panniculus_adiposus subcutaneous fat Wikipedia:Panniculus_adiposus A sphincter muscle that is part of a cloaca. NCIT:C34129 sphincter cloacae the muscles of the cloacal sphincter specialise into the perineal muscles in mammals (Gegenbaur, 1883; Popowsky, 1899; Nishi, 1938). cloacal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of a cloaca. OBOL:automatic sphincter cloacae A mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 5. 5th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme 5th branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 5 mesenchyme 5th arch mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 5. OBOL:automatic 5th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme VHOG:0001052 A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0000240 cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group cervical vertebra cartilage element A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group EHDAA2:0000240 A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. cervical vertebra pre-cartilage condensation A cervical vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0002014 thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group thoracic vertebra cartilage element A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group EHDAA2:0002014 A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. thoracic vertebra pre-cartilage condensation A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic A lumbar vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. EHDAA2:0001038 lumbar vertebral cartilage condensation group lumbar vertebra cartilage element A lumbar vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic lumbar vertebral cartilage condensation group EHDAA2:0001038 A lumbar vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. lumbar vertebra pre-cartilage condensation A lumbar vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic The space that surrounds an organism. external to organism outside of body space surrounding organism The space that surrounds an organism. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body. FMA:18302 subdivision of oviduct subdivision of uterine tube uterine tube zone zone of uterine tube subdivision of fallopian tube subdivision of oviduct A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 subdivision of oviduct FMA:18302 uterine tube zone FMA:18302 zone of uterine tube FMA:18302 subdivision of fallopian tube FMA:18302 subdivision of tube The anatomical space that is enclosed by a stomach. EMAPA:18395 FMA:14585 cavity of stomach gastric cavity stomach lumen The anatomical space that is enclosed by a stomach. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cavity of stomach FMA:14585 gastric cavity FMA:14585 An anatomical cavity that is part of a ear vesicle. EHDAA2:0004121 EMAPA:25363 lumen of otocyst otocyst lumen An anatomical cavity that is part of a ear vesicle. OBOL:automatic lumen of otocyst EMAPA:25363 A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 1 plus metapodial segment. metapodium 1 metapodium I metapodium bone 1 A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 1 plus metapodial segment. OBOL:automatic A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 5 plus metapodial segment. metapodium 5 metapodium V metapodium bone 5 A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 5 plus metapodial segment. OBOL:automatic Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Examples of these bones include the tarsals in the foot and the carpals in the hand. FMA:7475 NCIT:C33545 SCTID:332807009 Wikipedia:Short_bone short bone Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Examples of these bones include the tarsals in the foot and the carpals in the hand. Wikipedia:Short_bone Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. VSAO:0000137 sesamoid Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage. sesamoid element Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. PSPUB:0000169 VSAO:0000137 sesamoid VSAO:0000137 A sesamoid element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. FMA:55379 cartilago sesamoidea sesamoid cartilage of cricopharyngeal ligament sesamoid cartilage A sesamoid element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic cartilago sesamoidea FMA:55379 sesamoid cartilage of cricopharyngeal ligament FMA:55379 An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus. FMA:63587 intestinal villus epithelium villous epithelium villus epithelium epithelium of intestinal villus An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus. OBOL:automatic intestinal villus epithelium FMA:63587 A gland that is part of the gular region (throat). gular gland A gland that is part of the gular region (throat). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. FMA:53165 SCTID:276742007 Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull foramen of skull cranial conduit cranial foramen foramina of the skull foramen of skull Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. TAO:curator http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 foramen of skull Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull cranial conduit FMA:53165 foramina of the skull Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull 2 An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 foramen space anatomical conduit space An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Lymphoid tissue located in the appendix. CALOHA:TS-1268 lymphatic tissue of appendix lymphatic tissue of vermiform appendix appendix lymphoid appendix lymphoid tissue Lymphoid tissue located in the appendix. CALOHA:TS-1268 lymphatic tissue of appendix OBOL:automatic lymphatic tissue of vermiform appendix OBOL:automatic appendix lymphoid CALOHA:TS-1268 Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. BTO:0001852 BTO:0003248 CALOHA:TS-0092 cerebromicrovascular endothelium brain endothelium Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. CALOHA:TS-0092 cerebromicrovascular endothelium CALOHA:TS-0092 Vascular endothelium found in colon blood vessels. CALOHA:TS-0162 colon endothelial cell colon endothelial cells colonic endothelial cell colonic endothelium colorectal endothelial cell colorectal endothelium colon endothelium Vascular endothelium found in colon blood vessels. CALOHA:TS-0162 colon endothelial cell CALOHA:TS-0162 colon endothelial cells CALOHA:TS-0162 colonic endothelial cell CALOHA:TS-0162 colonic endothelium CALOHA:TS-0162 colorectal endothelial cell CALOHA:TS-0162 colorectal endothelium CALOHA:TS-0162 The epithelium that forms the surface of the tonsil dips into the underlying connective tissue in numerous places, forming crypts kown as tonsillar crypts. Stratified squamous epithelium, that may be heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Epithelial cells are present in the germinal as well as in the periphery of the nodule. CALOHA:TS-2070 epithelium of tonsil tonsil epithelial cell tonsil epithelium The epithelium that forms the surface of the tonsil dips into the underlying connective tissue in numerous places, forming crypts kown as tonsillar crypts. Stratified squamous epithelium, that may be heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Epithelial cells are present in the germinal as well as in the periphery of the nodule. CALOHA:TS-2070 epithelium of tonsil CALOHA:TS-2070 tonsil epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-2070 Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas. CALOHA:TS-2108 epithelium of exocrine pancreas exocrine pancreas epithelial cell exocrine pancreas epithelium Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas. CALOHA:TS-2108 epithelium of exocrine pancreas CALOHA:TS-2108 exocrine pancreas epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-2108 A strand of hair that is part of a axilla. FMA:54253 SCTID:280911007 axilla hair axillary hair hair of axilla strand of axillary hair A strand of hair that is part of a axilla. OBOL:automatic axillary hair FMA:54253 hair of axilla FMA:54253 Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. EHDAA2:0000159 EMAPA:18166 axial musculature Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. HP:0003327 A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. main body axis A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. AEO:0000103 BTO:0001489 FMA:231424 body whole body body proper The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. AEO:0000103 body AEO:0000103 whole body BTO:0001489 Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. skin projection integumentary projection Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. FMA:293127 NCIT:C34230 chordal canal notochordal canal A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/notochordal+canal Fluid contained within the notochordal canal. notochord fluid portion of notochordal fluid Distinct feature of coelocanths notochordal fluid Fluid contained within the notochordal canal. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Latimeria_chalumnae/ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A metaphysis that is part of a metaphysis. FMA:32830 diaphyseal end of humerus humeral metaphysis metaphysis of humerus A metaphysis that is part of a metaphysis. OBOL:automatic diaphyseal end of humerus FMA:32830 humeral metaphysis FMA:32830 A metaphysis that is part of a tibia. FMA:33135 MA:0003106 tibial metaphysis metaphysis of tibia A metaphysis that is part of a tibia. OBOL:automatic tibial metaphysis FMA:33135 A diaphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone. FMA:33804 body of metacarpal corpus ossis metacarpi metacarpal bone diaphysis shaft of metacarpal shaft of metacarpal bone diaphysis of metacarpal bone A diaphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone. OBOL:automatic body of metacarpal FMA:33804 corpus ossis metacarpi FMA:TA metacarpal bone diaphysis FMA:33804 shaft of metacarpal FMA:33804 shaft of metacarpal bone FMA:33804 An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. SCTID:314820002 layer of skin skin layer integumentary system layer An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. OBOL:automatic A blood that is part of a artery. FMA:83066 arterial blood blood in artery portion of arterial blood arterial blood A blood that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic arterial blood FMA:83066 blood in artery FMA:83066 portion of arterial blood FMA:83066 A blood that is part of a vein. FMA:83067 blood in vein portion of venous blood venous blood venous blood A blood that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic blood in vein FMA:83067 portion of venous blood FMA:83067 venous blood FMA:83067 A blood that is part of a capillary. FMA:263901 NCIT:C32212 blood in capillary portion of blood in capillary portion of capillary blood capillary blood A blood that is part of a capillary. OBOL:automatic portion of blood in capillary FMA:263901 One of two openings in the uterine cervix. FMA:20422 cervical opening uterine cervix opening cervical os One of two openings in the uterine cervix. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Opening of uterine cervix into the body of the uterus. FMA:17747 SCTID:279886007 Wikipedia:Internal_orifice_of_the_uterus internal orifice internal os internal cervical os Opening of uterine cervix into the body of the uterus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 internal orifice Wikipedia:Internal_orifice_of_the_uterus internal os FMA:17747 Wikipedia:Internal_orifice_of_the_uterus Opening of uterine cervix into the vagina. FMA:76836 NCIT:C32491 SCTID:362255005 Wikipedia:External_orifice_of_the_uterus external os of uterus ostium uteri external os ostium of uterus external cervical os Opening of uterine cervix into the vagina. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 external os of uterus FMA:76836 ostium uteri FMA:TA external os Wikipedia:External_orifice_of_the_uterus ostium of uterus Wikipedia:External_orifice_of_the_uterus The cavity formed by the walls of the cervix. BTO:0002249 FMA:17746 Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix lumen of cervix of uterus canal of the cervix cavity of cervix cervical canal cervical canal of uterus endocervical endocervical canal endocervix cervical cavity The cavity formed by the walls of the cervix. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lumen of cervix of uterus FMA:17746 canal of the cervix Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix cavity of cervix BTO:0002249 cervical canal Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix cervical canal of uterus BTO:0002249 endocervical Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix endocervical canal BTO:0002249 Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix endocervix Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. SCTID:272627002 digestive organ digestive system organ digestive system element Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. great vessel EMAPA:36460 SCTID:304066000 Wikipedia:Great_vessels great vessel of thorax Groupings may vary - typically pulmonary vessels and aorta and vena cavae great vessel of heart Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. Wikipedia:Great_vessels An organ cavity that is part of a uterus. EMAPA:36273 FMA:17745 Wikipedia:Uterine_cavity cavity of uterus uterine cavity uterine space uterine lumen An organ cavity that is part of a uterus. OBOL:automatic cavity of uterus FMA:17745 uterine cavity FMA:17745 A diaphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone. FMA:33826 diaphysis of metatarsal metatarsal bone diaphysis metatarsal diaphysis shaft of metatarsal bone diaphysis of metatarsal bone A diaphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone. OBOL:automatic metatarsal bone diaphysis FMA:33826 shaft of metatarsal bone FMA:33826 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. EHDAA2:0004424 EMAPA:36024 TAO:0000571 ZFA:0000571 presumptive telencephalon paired anteriolateral division of the embryonic prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived[MP] future telencephalon Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. ZFA:0000571 ZFA:curator presumptive telencephalon ZFA:0000571 A collection of hairs that is part of a craniocervical region. collection of hairs on head or neck A collection of hairs that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32735 FMA:293883 mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived mesenchyme neural crest mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/248 The simple cuboidal epithelium lining the lumen of kidney collecting ducts. collecting duct of renal tubule epithelium epithelium of collecting duct of renal tubule epithelium of renal collecting tubule kidney collecting duct epithelium The simple cuboidal epithelium lining the lumen of kidney collecting ducts. MGI:anna MP:0011843 A papilla that contain taste buds, including the fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae. gustatory papilla taste papilla gustatory papillae taste papillae gustatory papilla of tongue A papilla that contain taste buds, including the fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae. MGI:smb MP:0006256 gustatory papillae taste papillae A muscular coat that is part of a ileum. BTO:0005574 FMA:14958 muscularis externa of ileum ileal smooth muscle muscularis propria of ileum smooth muscle of ileum muscle layer of ileum A muscular coat that is part of a ileum. OBOL:automatic muscularis externa of ileum FMA:14958 ileal smooth muscle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscularis propria of ileum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 smooth muscle of ileum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Sweat that is produced by the glands of the axilla. FMA:63085 axillary sweat sweat of axilla Sweat that is produced by the glands of the axilla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 axillary sweat FMA:63085 A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. proximal mesopodial bone A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue. OBOL:automatic Muscle that is part of the respiratory system. respiratory muscle Muscle that is part of the respiratory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical space that is enclosed by a sinusoid. FMA:63133 lumen of sinusoid sinusoid lumen sinusoidal space An anatomical space that is enclosed by a sinusoid. OBOL:automatic lumen of sinusoid FMA:63133 sinusoid lumen FMA:63133 A sinusoidal space that is part of a hepatic sinusoid. FMA:262090 lumen of hepatic sinusoid hepatic sinusoidal space A sinusoidal space that is part of a hepatic sinusoid. OBOL:automatic lumen of hepatic sinusoid FMA:262090 Any member of the network of tubes that return blood from the renal tissues to the systemic circulation. EMAPA:31450 MA:0002591 kidney venous blood vessel venous blood vessel of kidney kidney venous system renal venous blood vessel Any member of the network of tubes that return blood from the renal tissues to the systemic circulation. MGI:csmith kidney venous blood vessel MA:0002591 kidney venous system EMAPA:31450 A taste bud that is located on the tongue, situated on a gustatory papilla. gustatory papilla taste bud gustatory papillae taste bud tongue taste bud A taste bud that is located on the tongue, situated on a gustatory papilla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gustatory papillae taste bud MP:0006260 A gustatory epithelium that is part of a tongue. BIRNLEX:4099 lingual gustatory epithelium gustatory epithelium of tongue A gustatory epithelium that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic lingual gustatory epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A gustatory epithelium that is part of a roof of mouth. palatal gustatory epithelium gustatory epithelium of palate A gustatory epithelium that is part of a roof of mouth. OBOL:automatic palatal gustatory epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the peritoneal cavity. BTO:0004041 CALOHA:TS-2405 abdominal fat intra-abdominal adipose tissue intra-abdominal fat organ fat visceral adipose tissue visceral fat visceral abdominal adipose tissue Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the peritoneal cavity. CALOHA:paula MGI:csmith http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/259 abdominal fat BTO:0004041 intra-abdominal fat BTO:0004041 organ fat BTO:0004041 visceral adipose tissue BTO:0004041 visceral fat BTO:0004041 Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. CALOHA:TS-2406 abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue subcutaneous abdominal fat subcutaneous fat of abdominal region subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue Subcutaneous adipose tissue that is located in the abdominal region. CALOHA:paula MGI:csmith http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/259 Any of the parasympathetic ganglia of the cardiac plexus between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. EMAPA:36644 FMA:77582 SCTID:57098005 Wrisberg ganglion cardiac ganglia set cardiac ganglion of Wrisberg ganglia cardiaca ganglion of Wrisberg cardiac ganglia cardiac ganglion Any of the parasympathetic ganglia of the cardiac plexus between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0003685 Wrisberg ganglion MP:0003685 cardiac ganglia set FMA:77582 ganglia cardiaca FMA:TA ganglion of Wrisberg FMA:77582 cardiac ganglia Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. EHDAA2:0002013 FMA:77169 Wikipedia:Thoracic_skeleton skeleton of thorax thoracic part of axial skeleton thoracic skeleton thoracic skeleton Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. Wikipedia:Rib_cage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 thoracic skeleton EHDAA2:0002013 Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs and rib joints in an organism. In many vertebrates this consists of the combination of the rib cage and all rib joints, but some vertebrates have ribs outside the thoracic rib cage. FMA:265719 TAO:0002100 rib series rib skeleton set of all ribs rib skeletal system Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs and rib joints in an organism. In many vertebrates this consists of the combination of the rib cage and all rib joints, but some vertebrates have ribs outside the thoracic rib cage. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 rib series TAO:0002100 set of all ribs FMA:265719 A distal phalanx that is part of a digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. digit 1 distal phalanx distal phalanx of digit I distal phalanx of first digit digit I P3 first distal phalanx distal phalanx of digit 1 A distal phalanx that is part of a digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 1 distal phalanx PHENOSCAPE:wd distal phalanx of digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A distal phalanx that is part of a digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. 5th digit distal phalanx digit 5 distal phalanx distal phalanx of 5th digit distal phalanx of digit V distal phalanx of fifth digit distal phalanx of little digit fifth digit distal phalanx fifth distal phalanx digit V P3 distal phalanx of digit 5 A distal phalanx that is part of a digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 5 distal phalanx PHENOSCAPE:wd distal phalanx of digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A middle phalanx that is part of a digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. 5th digit intermediate phalanx 5th digit middle phalanx 5th digit of intermediate phalanx 5th digit of middle phalanx digit 5 intermediate phalanx digit 5 middle phalanx fifth digit intermediate phalanx fifth digit middle phalanx fifth middle phalanx intermediate phalanx of 5th digit intermediate phalanx of digit 5 intermediate phalanx of fifth digit middle phalanx of 5th digit middle phalanx of digit V middle phalanx of fifth digit middle phalanx of little digit digit V P2 middle phalanx of digit 5 A middle phalanx that is part of a digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 middle phalanx of digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A proximal phalanx that is part of a autopod digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. digit I P1 digit I-1 first proximal phalanx of autopod proximal phalanx of digit I proximal phalanx of first digit of autopod proximal phalanx of digit 1 A proximal phalanx that is part of a autopod digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit I-1 PHENOSCAPE:wd proximal phalanx of digit I https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A proximal phalanx that is part of a autopod digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. 5th digit of autopod proximal phalanx 5th digit proximal phalanx autopod digit 5 proximal phalanx digit V P1 digit V-1 fifth digit proximal phalanx fifth proximal phalanx of autopod proximal phalanx of 5th digit proximal phalanx of 5th digit of autopod proximal phalanx of digit V proximal phalanx of fifth digit proximal phalanx of fifth digit of autopod proximal phalanx of little digit proximal phalanx of digit 5 A proximal phalanx that is part of a autopod digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit V-1 PHENOSCAPE:wd proximal phalanx of digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. BIRNLEX:1521 SCTID:362438009 cervical spinal cord gray matter cervical spinal cord gray matter A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. OBOL:automatic cervical spinal cord gray matter BIRNLEX:1521 A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. BIRNLEX:980 SCTID:362441000 thoracic spinal cord gray matter thoracic spinal cord gray matter A gray matter of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. OBOL:automatic thoracic spinal cord gray matter BIRNLEX:980 FMA:35343 SCTID:361858004 distal interphalangeal joint of little finger distal interphalangeal joint of manural digit V distal interphalangeal joint of manural digit 5 distal interphalangeal joint of little finger FMA:35343 distal interphalangeal joint of manural digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 FMA:35393 SCTID:361884005 distal interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot distal interphalangeal joint of fifth toe distal interphalangeal joint of little toe distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit V distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 distal interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot FMA:35393 distal interphalangeal joint of fifth toe FMA:35393 distal interphalangeal joint of little toe FMA:35393 distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A distal interphalangeal joint that is part of a digit 5. NCIT:C102294 distal interphalangeal joint of digit V distal interphalangeal joint 5 distal interphalangeal joint of digit 5 A distal interphalangeal joint that is part of a digit 5. OBOL:automatic distal interphalangeal joint of digit V https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 The deep auricular artery often arises in common with the anterior tympanic artery. It ascends in the substance of the parotid gland, behind the temporomandibular articulation, pierces the cartilaginous or bony wall of the external acoustic meatus, and supplies its cuticular lining and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane. It gives a branch to the temporomandibular joint. FMA:49689 SCTID:147157007 Wikipedia:Deep_auricular_artery deep auricular artery The deep auricular artery often arises in common with the anterior tympanic artery. It ascends in the substance of the parotid gland, behind the temporomandibular articulation, pierces the cartilaginous or bony wall of the external acoustic meatus, and supplies its cuticular lining and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane. It gives a branch to the temporomandibular joint. Wikipedia:Deep_auricular_artery A venous system that overlaps a umbilical cord and is part of a entire extraembryonic component. EHDAA2:0000479 EMAPA:16374 VHOG:0000282 extraembryonic venous system A venous system that overlaps a umbilical cord and is part of a entire extraembryonic component. OBOL:automatic A vascular system that overlaps a umbilical cord and is part of a entire extraembryonic component. EHDAA2:0000478 EMAPA:16370 VHOG:0001396 extraembryonic vascular system A vascular system that overlaps a umbilical cord and is part of a entire extraembryonic component. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. EHDAA2:0004108 EMAPA:32918 frontonasal process epithelium An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. OBOL:automatic A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. EHDAA2:0004019 EMAPA:25040 anal membrane ectodermal component A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. OBOL:automatic An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pleuroperitoneal canal. EHDAA2:0004736 EMAPA:25034 pleuro-peritoneal canal cavity pleuroperitoneal canal lumen An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pleuroperitoneal canal. OBOL:automatic pleuro-peritoneal canal cavity EMAPA:25034 An epithelium that is part of a median lingual swelling. EHDAA2:0001085 EMAPA:17188 tuberculum impar epitheilium median lingual swelling epithelium An epithelium that is part of a median lingual swelling. OBOL:automatic tuberculum impar epitheilium EMAPA:17188 EHDAA2:0001147 EMAPA:17646 metanephros primitive collecting ducts primitive collecting duct primitive renal collecting duct system metanephros primitive collecting ducts EHDAA2:0001147 primitive collecting duct EMAPA:17646 A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. NCIT:C32828 UMLS:C1512857 Wikipedia:Interlobular_ducts interlobular duct A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Duct The secretory unit of a mucous gland. The acinar portion is composed of mucous secreting cells. FMA:86278 acinus of mucuous gland mucus acinus mucous acinus The secretory unit of a mucous gland. The acinar portion is composed of mucous secreting cells. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. SCTID:205214009 intralobular ductule intralobular duct A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm A duct that is located between lobes, within conspicuous, thick connective tissue septa that separate lobes. All interlobar ducts are excretory. intralobular ductule interlobar duct A duct that is located between lobes, within conspicuous, thick connective tissue septa that separate lobes. All interlobar ducts are excretory. http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain. forebrain segment segment of forebrain FMA:61996 forebrain neuromere future prosencephalon prosomere A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain. mesomere midbrain segment segment of midbrain EHDAA2:0004352 FMA:61997 mesomere of nervous system neuromere of mesomere group future mesencephalon mesomere group midbrain neuromere A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesomere group EHDAA2:0004352 A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord. TAO:0001332 ZFA:0001332 spinal cord metameric segment spinal neuromeres spinal cord segment spinal neuromere A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 spinal neuromeres TAO:0001332 spinal cord segment TAO:0001332 Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. cloacal muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. OBOL:automatic The lingual septum consists of a vertical layer of fibrous tissue, extending throughout the entire length of the median plane of the tongue, though not quite reaching the dorsum. It is thicker behind than in front, and occasionally contains a small fibrocartilage, about 6 mm. in length. It is well displayed by making a vertical section across the organ. EMAPA:18274 FMA:54813 SCTID:368727001 Wikipedia:Lingual_septum septum of tongue median fibrous septum septum of tongue tongue septum lingual septum The lingual septum consists of a vertical layer of fibrous tissue, extending throughout the entire length of the median plane of the tongue, though not quite reaching the dorsum. It is thicker behind than in front, and occasionally contains a small fibrocartilage, about 6 mm. in length. It is well displayed by making a vertical section across the organ. Wikipedia:Lingual_septum septum of tongue FMA:54813 median fibrous septum Wikipedia:Lingual_septum septum of tongue Wikipedia:Lingual_septum tongue septum Wikipedia:Lingual_septum Any collection of muscles that is part of the forelimb stylopod region [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:50202 arm musculature muscle group of arm musculature of arm set of muscles of arm musculature of forelimb stylopod Any collection of muscles that is part of the forelimb stylopod region [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic arm musculature FMA:50202 muscle group of arm FMA:50202 musculature of arm FMA:50202 set of muscles of arm FMA:50202 Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic complex. The pelvic complex comprises the pelvic girdle and the associated limb or fin. FMA:71297 muscles of lower limb musculature of lower limb musculi membri inferioris musculature of pelvic complex Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic complex. The pelvic complex comprises the pelvic girdle and the associated limb or fin. OBOL:automatic muscles of lower limb FMA:71297 musculature of lower limb FMA:71297 musculi membri inferioris FMA:TA Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. FMA:71296 muscles of upper limb musculature of upper limb musculi membri superioris set of muscles of upper limb upper limb musculature musculature of pectoral complex Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. OBOL:automatic muscles of upper limb FMA:71296 musculature of upper limb FMA:71296 musculi membri superioris FMA:TA set of muscles of upper limb FMA:71296 upper limb musculature FMA:71296 Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin). pectoral appendage muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin). OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin). pelvic appendage muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin). OBOL:automatic Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of mitral valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of left ventricle. FMA:9349 chorda tendinea of left ventricle Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of mitral valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of left ventricle. FMA:9349 Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of tricuspid valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of right ventricle. FMA:9300 chorda tendinea of right ventricle Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of tricuspid valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of right ventricle. FMA:9300 A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). skeletal muscle AAO:0011099 BTO:0001103 CALOHA:TS-0933 EFO:0000888 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5984 EMAPA:35988 EV:0100377 GAID:141 MA:0003148 MAT:0000302 MESH:D018482 MIAA:0000302 TAO:0005277 VHOG:0000319 XAO:0000174 ZFA:0005277 skeletal muscle organ, vertebrate A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). GOC:dos A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. EFO:0003708 TAO:0005076 ZFA:0005076 primordial vasculature A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. ZFA:0005076 ZFA:curator One of the primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein and align dorsoventrally at the myotomal boundaries between somites. EFO:0003664 TAO:0001285 XAO:0004075 ZFA:0001285 intersegmental vessel intersegmental vessels intersomitic blood vessel intersomitic vessels segmental vessel intersomitic vessel One of the primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein and align dorsoventrally at the myotomal boundaries between somites. MGI:anna intersegmental vessel ZFA:0001285 intersegmental vessels ZFA:0001285 intersomitic blood vessel XAO:0004075 intersomitic vessels ZFA:0001285 segmental vessel ZFA:0001285 layer of developing cerebral cortex The major preaxial endochondral element in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. tibia skeletal element tibia element tibia endochondral element The major preaxial endochondral element in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. PHENOSCAPE:mah https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/71 tibia skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern tibia element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. cervical vertebra skeletal element cervical vertebra element cervical vertebra endochondral element A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cervical vertebra skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern cervical vertebra element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. thoracic vertebra skeletal element thoracic vertebra element thoracic vertebra endochondral element A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 thoracic vertebra skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern thoracic vertebra element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A lumbar vertebra bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. lumbar vertebra skeletal element lumbar vertebra element lumbar vertebra endochondral element A lumbar vertebra bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern lumbar vertebra skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern lumbar vertebra element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A vertebra endochondral element that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column. sacral vertebra skeletal element sacral vertebra element sacral vertebra endochondral element A vertebra endochondral element that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 sacral vertebra skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern sacral vertebra element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern The major postaxial endochondral element in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. fibula skeletal element fibula element fibula endochondral element The major postaxial endochondral element in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. PHENOSCAPE:mah https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/73 fibula skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern fibula element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A rib bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. rib skeletal element rib element rib endochondral element A rib bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern rib skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern rib element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A forelimb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. forelimb skeletal element forelimb endochondral element A forelimb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern forelimb skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A hindlimb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. hindlimb bone skeletal element hindlimb endochondral element A hindlimb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern hindlimb bone skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. phalanx skeletal element phalanx element phalanx endochondral element A phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern phalanx skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern phalanx element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A manual digit phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. manual digit phalanx skeletal element manual digit phalanx element manual digit phalanx endochondral element A manual digit phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit phalanx skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit phalanx element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A manual digit 1 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. manual digit 1 phalanx skeletal element manual digit 1 phalanx element manual digit I phalanx endochondral element manual digit 1 phalanx endochondral element A manual digit 1 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 1 phalanx skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 1 phalanx element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit I phalanx endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A manual digit 5 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. manual digit 5 phalanx skeletal element manual digit 5 phalanx element manual digit V phalanx endochondral element manual digit 5 phalanx endochondral element A manual digit 5 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 5 phalanx skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 5 phalanx element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit V phalanx endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A pedal digit phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. pedal digit phalanx skeletal element pedal digit phalanx element pedal digit phalanx endochondral element A pedal digit phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit phalanx skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit phalanx element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A pedal digit 1 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. pedal digit 1 phalanx skeletal element pedal digit 1 phalanx element pedal digit I phalanx endochondral element pedal digit 1 phalanx endochondral element A pedal digit 1 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 1 phalanx skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 1 phalanx element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit I phalanx endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A pedal digit 5 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. pedal digit 5 phalanx skeletal element pedal digit 5 phalanx element pedal digit V phalanx endochondral element pedal digit 5 phalanx endochondral element A pedal digit 5 phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 5 phalanx skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 5 phalanx element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit V phalanx endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A pedal digit metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. pedal digit metatarsal skeletal element pedal digit metatarsal element pedal digit metatarsal endochondral element A pedal digit metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit metatarsal skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit metatarsal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A pedal digit 1 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. pedal digit 1 metatarsal skeletal element pedal digit 1 metatarsal element pedal digit I metatarsal endochondral element pedal digit 1 metatarsal endochondral element A pedal digit 1 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 1 metatarsal skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 1 metatarsal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit I metatarsal endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A pedal digit 5 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. pedal digit 5 metatarsal skeletal element pedal digit 5 metatarsal element pedal digit V metatarsal endochondral element pedal digit 5 metatarsal endochondral element A pedal digit 5 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 5 metatarsal skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit 5 metatarsal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pedal digit V metatarsal endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A manual digit metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. manual digit metacarpus skeletal element manual digit metacarpus element manual digit metacarpus endochondral element A manual digit metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit metacarpus skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit metacarpus element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A manual digit 1 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. manual digit 1 metacarpus skeletal element manual digit 1 metacarpus element manual digit I metacarpus endochondral element manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element A manual digit 1 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 1 metacarpus skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 1 metacarpus element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit I metacarpus endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A manual digit 5 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. manual digit 5 metacarpus skeletal element manual digit 5 metacarpus element manual digit V metacarpus endochondral element manual digit 5 metacarpus endochondral element A manual digit 5 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 5 metacarpus skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit 5 metacarpus element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern manual digit V metacarpus endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A carpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. carpus skeletal element carpus element carpus endochondral element A carpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern carpus skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern carpus element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A tarsus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. tarsus skeletal element tarsus element tarsus endochondral element A tarsus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern tarsus skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern tarsus element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A femur bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. femur skeletal element femur element femur endochondral element A femur bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern femur skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern femur element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A humerus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. humerus skeletal element humerus element humerus endochondral element A humerus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern humerus skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern humerus element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern An iliac bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. iliac skeletal element iliac element iliac endochondral element An iliac bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern iliac skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern iliac element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A pubic bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. pubic skeletal element pubic element pubic endochondral element A pubic bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pubic skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern pubic element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern An ischial bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. ischial skeletal element ischial element ischial endochondral element An ischial bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern ischial skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern ischial element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A scapula bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. scapula skeletal element scapula element scapula endochondral element A scapula bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern scapula skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern scapula element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A sphenoid bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. sphenoid bone skeletal element sphenoid element sphenoid endochondral element A sphenoid bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern sphenoid bone skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern sphenoid element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern A limb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. limb bone skeletal element limb bone endochondral element limb endochondral element A limb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern limb bone skeletal element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern limb bone endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern An endochondral element that is part of a autopod region. autopod endochondral element An endochondral element that is part of a autopod region. OBOL:automatic An autopod endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. autopod cartilage An autopod endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is part of a forelimb. proximal carpal element proximal carpal proximal carpal endochondral element A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is part of a forelimb. OBOL:automatic proximal carpal element UBERON:cjm proximal carpal UBERON:cjm A proximal carpal endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. proximal carpal cartilage A proximal carpal endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic A proximal carpal endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. proximal carpal bone pre-cartilage condensation A proximal carpal endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is part of a hindlimb. proximal tarsal proximal tarsal endochondral element A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is part of a hindlimb. OBOL:automatic proximal tarsal UBERON:cjm A proximal tarsal endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. proximal tarsal cartilage A proximal tarsal endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic A proximal tarsal endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. proximal tarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation A proximal tarsal endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. OBOL:automatic FMA:83105 perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium subepicardial connective tissue subepicardial layer of epicardium perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium FMA:83105 subepicardial connective tissue FMA:83105 Visceral intrapericardial fat contiguous with the myocardial surface. FMA:9871 epicardial adipose tissue pericardial adipose tissue epicardial fat Visceral intrapericardial fat contiguous with the myocardial surface. DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a prostate gland. FMA:74165 connective tissue of prostate connective tissue of prostate gland A portion of connective tissue that is part of a prostate gland. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of prostate FMA:74165 A strand of hair that is part of a autopod region. hair of hand/foot hand/foot hair paw hair autopod hair A strand of hair that is part of a autopod region. OBOL:automatic A strand of hair that is part of a pes. foot hair hair of foot hind foot hair hind paw hair pes hair A strand of hair that is part of a pes. OBOL:automatic A strand of hair that is part of a manus. hair of hand hand hair front paw hair manus hair A strand of hair that is part of a manus. OBOL:automatic A strand of hair that is part of a pinna. ear hair pinna hair A strand of hair that is part of a pinna. OBOL:automatic A strand of hair that is part of a dorsum. FMA:54320 back hair dorsal coat hair hair of back dorsal hair A strand of hair that is part of a dorsum. OBOL:automatic hair of back FMA:54320 A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. ocular gland orbital gland gland of ocular region A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/614 A gland that is located in or around the ocular region, nearer the outer canthi. lateral ocular gland lateral orbital gland lateral gland of orbital region A gland that is located in or around the ocular region, nearer the outer canthi. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs. multi-unit eye An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs. PMID:21062451 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood vessel that is part of a endometrium. SCTID:254200009 blood vessel of endometrium endometrial blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a endometrium. OBOL:automatic A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. TAO:0001462 XAO:0004074 ZFA:0001462 inter-somited border intersomitic boundary intersomitic fissure intersomitic junction segmental border somite boundary somite border A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 intersomitic junction XAO:0004074 somite boundary ZFA:0001462 Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. XAO:0004077 intersomitic epithelium intersomitic membrane somite boundary epithelium Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. XAO:0004077 XAO:EJS intersomitic epithelium XAO:0004077 intersomitic membrane XAO:0004077 The slightly constricted part of a tooth, between the crown and the root. FMA:55627 NCIT:C32346 SCTID:28638008 cervix dentis cervix of tooth collumn dentis dental neck tooth neck cervical margin of tooth cervical zone of tooth neck of tooth The slightly constricted part of a tooth, between the crown and the root. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=neck+of+tooth cervix dentis FMA:TA cervix of tooth FMA:55627 collumn dentis ncithesaurus:Collum_Dentis dental neck http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=neck+of+tooth tooth neck FMA:55627 cervical margin of tooth http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=neck+of+tooth cervical zone of tooth http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=neck+of+tooth An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. AEO:0000093 non-connected functional system An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. AEO:0000093 AEO:JB FBC:DOS FBbt:00007278 A non-connected functional system that is composed primarily of a gland. EHDAA2:0002223 glandular system A non-connected functional system that is composed primarily of a gland. OBOL:automatic Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. lateral structure Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A ligament that is part of a diaphragm. EMAPA:19236 FMA:58280 arcuate ligament A ligament that is part of a diaphragm. OBOL:automatic A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. heart cardiac pump heart or heart like organ circulatory vessel cardiac structure circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A cluster in the epithalamus that consists of the pineal body and any associated structures, such as the parapineal gland or the parietal organ. The complex is poorly developed in mammals. TAO:0001359 ZFA:0001359 pineal complex A cluster in the epithalamus that consists of the pineal body and any associated structures, such as the parapineal gland or the parietal organ. The complex is poorly developed in mammals. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A zone of skin that is part of a digit [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32615 MA:0003011 digit skin A zone of skin that is part of a digit [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic MA:0003043 modified sebaceous gland A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. MA:0001815 respiratory system basement membrane A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. OBOL:automatic MA:0002449 heart/pericardium heart plus pericardium heart/pericardium MA:0002449 A mesenchyme that is part of a urethra. MA:0002648 urethra mesenchymal layer A mesenchyme that is part of a urethra. OBOL:automatic A valve that is part of a ureter. MA:0002658 ureteral valve valve or ureter ureteral valve A valve that is part of a ureter. OBOL:automatic ureteral valve MA:0002658 A lymph node that is part of a hypodermis. MA:0003028 subcutaneous lymph node A lymph node that is part of a hypodermis. OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a axilla. FMA:37322 MA:0003087 NCIT:C116164 axillary skin skin of axilla axilla skin A zone of skin that is part of a axilla. OBOL:automatic axillary skin FMA:37322 skin of axilla FMA:37322 A zone of skin that is part of a external nose. FMA:24763 MA:0003090 external nasal skin skin of external nose skin of nose nose skin A zone of skin that is part of a external nose. OBOL:automatic external nasal skin FMA:24763 skin of external nose FMA:24763 skin of nose FMA:24763 A zone of skin that is part of a scrotum. EMAPA:36411 FMA:20432 MA:0003093 SCTID:361710000 scrotal skin skin of scrotum scrotum skin A zone of skin that is part of a scrotum. OBOL:automatic skin of scrotum FMA:20432 The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. FMA:14772 MA:0003095 SCTID:244262006 Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper hepatic artery proper proper hepatic proper hepatic artery The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper hepatic artery proper FMA:14772 proper hepatic Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. FMA:14779 MA:0003096 left branch of hepatic artery left part of hepatic artery proper ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) left hepatic artery A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. OBOL:automatic left branch of hepatic artery FMA:14779 left part of hepatic artery proper FMA:14779 ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) FMA:14779 FMA:TA A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. FMA:14778 MA:0003097 ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) right branch of hepatic artery proper right part of hepatic artery proper right hepatic artery A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. OBOL:automatic ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) FMA:14778 FMA:TA right branch of hepatic artery proper FMA:14778 right part of hepatic artery proper FMA:14778 Hat part of the duodenal wall traversed by the ductus choledochus, ductus pancreaticus, and ampulla. MA:0003108 choledochoduodenal junction choledocho-duodenal junction Hat part of the duodenal wall traversed by the ductus choledochus, ductus pancreaticus, and ampulla. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/choledochoduodenal+junction choledochoduodenal junction MA:0003108 An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. EMAPA:18835 FMA:17511 anal canal epithelium epithelium of anal canal anal canal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. OBOL:automatic anal canal epithelium FMA:17511 epithelium of anal canal FMA:17511 A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a ejaculatory duct. EMAPA:32289 FMA:19372 muscle layer of ejaculatory duct smooth muscle tissue layer of ejaculatory duct A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a ejaculatory duct. OBOL:automatic muscle layer of ejaculatory duct FMA:19372 FMA:62798 portion of heterogeneous tissue heterogeneous tissue portion of heterogeneous tissue FMA:62798 An epithelium that is part of a duct of salivary gland. FMA:67682 epithelium of salivary duct salivary duct epithelium salivary ductal epithelium epithelium of duct of salivary gland An epithelium that is part of a duct of salivary gland. OBOL:automatic epithelium of salivary duct FMA:67682 salivary duct epithelium FMA:67682 salivary ductal epithelium FMA:67682 A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. FMA:77862 muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. OBOL:automatic muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue FMA:77862 stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae FMA:77862 FMA:TA The portion of the nasal mucosa that is part of the respiratory system. FMA:77198 pars respiratoria tunicae mucosae nasi respiratory zone of nasal mucosa respiratory segment of nasal mucosa The portion of the nasal mucosa that is part of the respiratory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pars respiratoria tunicae mucosae nasi FMA:77198 FMA:TA respiratory zone of nasal mucosa FMA:77198 Any anatomical conduit which is part of the upper respiratory tract. FMA:265132 respiratory conduit upper respiratory conduit Any anatomical conduit which is part of the upper respiratory tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 respiratory conduit FMA:265132 An anatomical chamber that is part of the olfactory apparatus, consisting of cavity walls (nasal epithelium and mucosal layers) and the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present. FMA:265136 olfactory apparatus chamber An anatomical chamber that is part of the olfactory apparatus, consisting of cavity walls (nasal epithelium and mucosal layers) and the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EMAPA:25133 MA:0000579 cranial/facial muscle cranial-facial muscle cranio-facial muscle craniofacial muscle cranial or facial muscle cranial/facial muscle MA:0000579 cranial-facial muscle EMAPA:25133 cranio-facial muscle EMAPA:25133 craniofacial muscle EMAPA:25133 A zone of skin that is part of a autopod region. EMAPA:32723 MA:0003120 paw skin autopod skin A zone of skin that is part of a autopod region. OBOL:automatic paw skin MA:0003120 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a digit. MA:0003123 digit connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a digit. OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a liver. EMAPA:35498 MA:0003137 hepatic blood vessel liver blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a liver. OBOL:automatic hepatic blood vessel EMAPA:35498 An epithelium that is part of a ear. EMAPA:32800 MA:0003161 ear epithelium An epithelium that is part of a ear. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. EMAPA:35957 MA:0003162 eye epithelium An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a middle ear. EMAPA:35673 MA:0003169 middle ear epithelium An epithelium that is part of a middle ear. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a external ear. EMAPA:35956 MA:0003170 outer ear epithelium An epithelium that is part of a external ear. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a foregut. EMAPA:32922 MA:0003204 foregut epithelium An epithelium that is part of a foregut. OBOL:automatic A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. EMAPA:27255 FMA:15972 MA:0003209 duodenal lamina propria lamina propria mucosae of duodenum lamina propria of duodenum duodenum lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. OBOL:automatic duodenal lamina propria FMA:15972 lamina propria mucosae of duodenum FMA:15972 lamina propria of duodenum FMA:15972 FMA:66178 visceral abdominal lymph node A lymph node that is part of a head. FMA:61212 SCTID:155136006 lymph node of head A lymph node that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic Any of the lymph nodes that are part of a face. FMA:61222 SCTID:279139005 Wikipedia:Facial_lymph_nodes buccal lymph node facial lymph node Any of the lymph nodes that are part of a face. Wikipedia:Facial_lymph_nodes http://www.bartleby.com/107/177.html buccal lymph node FMA:61222 A lymph node that is located close to the surface. FMA:12767 NCIT:C102716 superficial lymph node A lymph node that is located close to the surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A lymph node that is located deeper within the organism, further from the surface. FMA:12768 deep lymph node A lymph node that is located deeper within the organism, further from the surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A lymph node that is part of a hindlimb. FMA:44310 SCTID:361109000 lymph node of lower limb A lymph node that is part of a hindlimb. OBOL:automatic A lymph node that is part of a forelimb. FMA:44311 SCTID:276155004 lymph node of upper limb A lymph node that is part of a forelimb. OBOL:automatic A capillary that is part of a lung. FMA:14121 capillary of lung pulmonary capillary A capillary that is part of a lung. OBOL:automatic capillary of lung FMA:14121 A breast that is part of a male organism. FMA:19901 NCIT:C33048 UMLS:C0222604 mamma masculina male breast A breast that is part of a male organism. OBOL:automatic mamma masculina FMA:19901 The intersection of the frontal and two nasal bones of the human skull. Its manifestation on the visible surface of the face is a distinctly depressed area directly between the eyes, just superior to the bridge of the nose. FMA:264779 Wikipedia:Nasion nasion The intersection of the frontal and two nasal bones of the human skull. Its manifestation on the visible surface of the face is a distinctly depressed area directly between the eyes, just superior to the bridge of the nose. Wikipedia:Nasion FMA:35324 proximal interphalangeal joint of little finger Subdivision of thorax which includes all structures from the skin to the costal pleura. Examples: There is only one chest wall. FMA:50060 NCIT:C62484 SCTID:181608004 chest wall Subdivision of thorax which includes all structures from the skin to the costal pleura. Examples: There is only one chest wall. FMA:50060 A strand of hair that is part of a head. FMA:54241 head hair hair of scalp hair of head A strand of hair that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic head hair FMA:54241 hair of scalp FMA:54241 A strand of hair that is part of a trunk. FMA:54250 trunk hair hair of trunk A strand of hair that is part of a trunk. OBOL:automatic trunk hair FMA:54250 A hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. FMA:58289 esophageal hiatus of diaphragm oesophageal aperture oesophageal hiatus esophageal hiatus A hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. HP:0002036 esophageal hiatus of diaphragm FMA:58289 oesophageal aperture FMA:58289 oesophageal hiatus FMA:58289 The midline prominence of the nose, extending from the nasal root to the tip. FMA:59517 SCTID:368114008 nasal dorsum nasal ridge dorsum of nose The midline prominence of the nose, extending from the nasal root to the tip. HP:0011119 nasal dorsum FMA:59517 nasal ridge HP:0011119 A zone of skin that is part of a forehead. FMA:63883 forehead skin skin of forehead A zone of skin that is part of a forehead. OBOL:automatic forehead skin FMA:63883 A stroma that is part of a liver. FMA:17553 hepatic stroma stroma of liver liver stroma A stroma that is part of a liver. OBOL:automatic hepatic stroma FMA:17553 stroma of liver FMA:17553 A collagenous capsule covering the external surface of the liver. FMA:15813 SCTID:362185005 Wikipedia:Fibrous_capsule_of_Glisson capsula fibrosa perivascularis fibrous capsule of liver glisson's capsule hepatic capsule tunica fibrosa (hepar) tunica fibrosa hepatis fibrous capsule of Glisson liver capsule capsule of liver A collagenous capsule covering the external surface of the liver. Wikipedia:Fibrous_capsule_of_Glisson capsula fibrosa perivascularis Wikipedia:Fibrous_capsule_of_Glisson fibrous capsule of liver FMA:15813 glisson's capsule FMA:15813 hepatic capsule FMA:15813 tunica fibrosa (hepar) FMA:TA tunica fibrosa hepatis FMA:15813 FMA:TA fibrous capsule of Glisson Wikipedia:Fibrous_capsule_of_Glisson liver capsule Wikipedia:Fibrous_capsule_of_Glisson A lymph node that is part of a bronchus. MA:0003078 NCIT:C32232 UMLS:C1305372 bronchial lymph node A lymph node that is part of a bronchus. OBOL:automatic Is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. EMAPA:36002 FMA:7192 MA:0002443 NCIT:C12889 NLXANAT:090817 Wikipedia:Auditory_system neuronames:2888 auditory system Is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. NLXANAT:090817 Skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]. centrum VSAO:0000183 centrum of vertebra vertebral centrum element Skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]. VSAO:0000183 VSAO:curator http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/207 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/80 centrum VSAO:0000183 Luminal space of the right ventricle of the heart. EMAPA:26047 FMA:9291 right ventricle lumen right ventricular cavity cavity of right ventricle Luminal space of the right ventricle of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 right ventricle lumen EMAPA:26047 right ventricular cavity FMA:FMA An epithelium that is part of a male urethra. EMAPA:30467 FMA:19684 male urethral epithelium urethral epithelium of male epithelium of male urethra An epithelium that is part of a male urethra. OBOL:automatic male urethral epithelium FMA:FMA urethral epithelium of male EMAPA:30467 An anatomical space that is part of a duodenum. EMAPA:19080 FMA:14589 doudenal lumen duodenal lumen lumen of duodenum An anatomical space that is part of a duodenum. OBOL:automatic doudenal lumen FMA:FMA duodenal lumen FMA:FMA Luminal space of the left atrium of the heart. EMAPA:26011 FMA:9465 left atrial cavity left atrium lumen cavity of left atrium Luminal space of the left atrium of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 left atrial cavity FMA:FMA left atrium lumen EMAPA:26011 Luminal space of the left ventricle of the heart. EMAPA:26038 FMA:9466 left ventricular cavity cavity of left ventricle Luminal space of the left ventricle of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 left ventricular cavity FMA:FMA An anatomical space that is part of a jejunum. EMAPA:18729 FMA:14590 jejunal lumen jejunum lumen lumen of jejunum An anatomical space that is part of a jejunum. OBOL:automatic jejunal lumen FMA:FMA jejunum lumen FMA:FMA An epithelium that is part of a female urethra. EMAPA:30470 FMA:19774 female urethral epithelium urethral epithelium of female epithelium of female urethra An epithelium that is part of a female urethra. OBOL:automatic female urethral epithelium FMA:FMA urethral epithelium of female EMAPA:30470 Luminal space of the right atrium of the heart. EMAPA:26020 FMA:11359 right atrial cavity cavity of right atrium Luminal space of the right atrium of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 right atrial cavity FMA:FMA Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. frontal region regio frontalis BAMS:Frontal_lobe BIRNLEX:928 BM:Tel-Cx-FR CALOHA:TS-0389 DHBA:12113 EFO:0000913 EV:0100167 FMA:61824 HBA:4009 MAT:0000505 MESH:D005625 NCIT:C12352 SCTID:180920004 lobi frontales lobus frontalis frontal cortex frontal lobe Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. FMA:61824 frontal region FMA:61824 regio frontalis FMA:61824 FMA:TA lobi frontales NeuroNames:56 lobus frontalis Wikipedia:Frontal_lobe frontal cortex FMA:61824 Subdivision of telencephalon which is one of a number of subdivisions of each hemisphere separated by both real landmarks (sulci and fissures) and arbitrary boundaries[FMA,modified]. BIRNLEX:922 BTO:0000445 FMA:61823 SCTID:272632001 neuronames:1210 cerebral hemisphere lobe cerebral lobe lobe of cerebral cortex lobe parts of cerebral cortex lobi cerebri cerebral cortical segment lobes of the brain regional organ part of cerebral cortex segment of cerebral cortex We use the term lobe broadly as a rough regional area, encompassing homologous regions in smooth-brained mammals. We subdivide the lobes into white matter and neocortical parts. lobe of cerebral hemisphere Subdivision of telencephalon which is one of a number of subdivisions of each hemisphere separated by both real landmarks (sulci and fissures) and arbitrary boundaries[FMA,modified]. FMA:61823 cerebral hemisphere lobe FMA:61823 cerebral lobe BTO:0000445 lobe of cerebral cortex BIRNLEX:922 lobe parts of cerebral cortex BIRNLEX:922 lobi cerebri FMA:77800 FMA:TA cerebral cortical segment FMA:68603 lobes of the brain BIRNLEX:922 regional organ part of cerebral cortex FMA:68603 segment of cerebral cortex BIRNLEX:922 Grey matter neocortex region of a lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. FMA:242197 cortex of cerebral hemisphere lobe cortex of lobe of cerebral hemisphere gray matter of lobe of cerebral hemisphere neocortical part of cerebral hemisphere cortex of cerebral lobe Grey matter neocortex region of a lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cortex of cerebral hemisphere lobe FMA:242197 cortex of lobe of cerebral hemisphere FMA:242197 gray matter of lobe of cerebral hemisphere FMA:242197 Gray matter of the parietal region of the neocortex, located in the parietal lobe of gyrencephalic animals. It is continuous anteriorly with the frontal cortex, posteriorly with the occipital cortex and medially with the insular cortex and with the temporal cortex on the posterior/inferior border. DHBA:10208 DMBA:16016 EMAPA:35667 FMA:242203 MA:0000916 NLX:79282 SCTID:369217001 neuronames:2473 cortex of parietal lobe parietal lobe cortex parietal neocortex gray matter of parietal lobe parietal cortex Gray matter of the parietal region of the neocortex, located in the parietal lobe of gyrencephalic animals. It is continuous anteriorly with the frontal cortex, posteriorly with the occipital cortex and medially with the insular cortex and with the temporal cortex on the posterior/inferior border. NLX:79282 cortex of parietal lobe FMA:242203 parietal lobe cortex FMA:242203 parietal neocortex DHBA:10208 gray matter of parietal lobe FMA:242203 Gray matter of the temporal region of the neocortex, located in the temporal lobe in gyrencephalic animals. BM:Tel-Cx-Te DHBA:10235 DMBA:16044 FMA:242201 MA:0000941 NLX:94939 SCTID:362343001 cortex of temporal lobe temporal lobe cortex temporal neocortex gray matter of temporal lobe temporal cortex Gray matter of the temporal region of the neocortex, located in the temporal lobe in gyrencephalic animals. NLX:94939 cortex of temporal lobe FMA:242201 temporal lobe cortex FMA:242201 temporal neocortex DHBA:10235 gray matter of temporal lobe FMA:242201 The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. TAO:0001379 ZFA:0001379 pharyngeal ectoderm The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. PMID:23020903 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. grey matter layer FMA:83142 CNS gray matter layer CNS grey matter layer gray matter layer of neuraxis grey matter layer of neuraxis central nervous system gray matter layer A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 gray matter layer of neuraxis FMA:83142 Mucus produced in the respiratory tract. NCIT:C93171 UMLS:C0225378 phlegm Mucus produced in the respiratory tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any mucus produced by a mucosae of the respiratory system. This includes the mucus produced in the nasal cavity (nasal mucus) and mucus produced in the respiratory tract (phlegm). respiratory system mucus Any mucus produced by a mucosae of the respiratory system. This includes the mucus produced in the nasal cavity (nasal mucus) and mucus produced in the respiratory tract (phlegm). Wikipedia:Nasal_mucus#Respiratory_system http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood vessel that is part of a cerebellum. cerebral blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a cerebellum. OBOL:automatic An roughly circular indentation in a surface. AEO:0000204 pit An roughly circular indentation in a surface. AEO:0000204 AEO:JB FMA:68861 Wikipedia:Rexed_laminae http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rexed_spinal_cord_parcellation_scheme_region rexed lamina lamina of gray matter of spinal cord rexed lamina FMA:68861 A collection of protruberances derived from pharyngeal arch 1 that develop into the tragus, crus of the helix, and helix. auditory hillocks, pharyngeal arch 1 derived A collection of protruberances derived from pharyngeal arch 1 that develop into the tragus, crus of the helix, and helix. http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Hearing_-_Outer_Ear_Development#Pinna-_Auricle A collection of protruberances derived from pharyngeal arch 2 that develop into the concha, antihelix and antitragus. auditory hillocks, pharyngeal arch 2 derived A collection of protruberances derived from pharyngeal arch 2 that develop into the concha, antihelix and antitragus. http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Hearing_-_Outer_Ear_Development#Pinna-_Auricle A scent gland that is part of the skin. SCTID:67740006 cutaneous scent gland skin scent gland A scent gland that is part of the skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A skin gland found in the interdigital region of some mammals. SCTID:441008 interdigital sinus interdigital gland A skin gland found in the interdigital region of some mammals. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 interdigital sinus PMID:20512761 Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. future CNS presumptive central nervous system future central nervous system Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Primordium that develops into the nervous system. AAO:0000477 presumptive nervous system future nervous system Primordium that develops into the nervous system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 presumptive nervous system AAO:0000477 The joint that is formed by the union of the humerus, the scapula (or shoulder blade), and the clavicle (or collarbone). Commonly thought of as a single joint, the shoulder is actually made up of two separate joints - the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. SCTID:361835002 joint of shoulder region shoulder joint The joint that is formed by the union of the humerus, the scapula (or shoulder blade), and the clavicle (or collarbone). Commonly thought of as a single joint, the shoulder is actually made up of two separate joints - the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. http://www.innerbody.com/image/skel17.html Epithelium lining the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. BTO:0005445 WBbt:0005800 rectum epithelium epithelium of terminal part of digestive tract Epithelium lining the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 rectum epithelium BTO:0005445 Any muscle tissue of the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. rectum muscle rectum muscle structure muscle tissue of terminal part of digestive tract Any muscle tissue of the distalmost portion of the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. AEO:0000195 EHDAA2:0000003 EMAPA:16042 extra-embryonic component extraembryonic component entire extraembryonic component The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. AEO:0000195 AEO:JB extraembryonic component AEO:0000195 An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. AEO:0000132 transitional anatomical structure An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. AEO:0000132 AEO:JB A metaphysis that is part of a fibula. FMA:33745 fibula metaphysis fibular metaphysis metaphysis of fibula A metaphysis that is part of a fibula. UBERON:nv fibula metaphysis FMA:33745 A bony structure embedded in skin, roughly equivalent to osteoderms. bony tubercle bony tubercles skin bony tubercle A bony structure embedded in skin, roughly equivalent to osteoderms. PHENOSCAPE:Nizar bony tubercles A sesamoid element that is part of a tarsal skeleton. tarsal sesamoid intertarsal sesamoid A sesamoid element that is part of a tarsal skeleton. OBOL:automatic A set of teeth in which each tooth that attaches to a vomer. vomerine teeth vomerine dentition A set of teeth in which each tooth that attaches to a vomer. OBOL:automatic Wikipedia:Corpora_arenacea calcified structure of brain A calcified structure of brain that is part of a pineal body. SCTID:369232008 Wikipedia:Corpora_arenacea pineal corpora arenacea A calcified structure of brain that is part of a pineal body. OBOL:automatic A calcified structure of brain that is part of a choroid plexus. choroid plexus corpora arenacea A calcified structure of brain that is part of a choroid plexus. OBOL:automatic FMA:52568 paired dural venous sinus paired venous dural sinus paired dural venous sinus FMA:52568 The dorsal part of the body wall. dorsal body wall The dorsal part of the body wall. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. AEO:0001016 developing mesenchymal structure A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. AEO:0001016 AEO:JB A primordium that has the potential to develop into a saliva-secreting gland. salivary gland primordium A primordium that has the potential to develop into a saliva-secreting gland. OBOL:automatic Any of the small racemose mucous glands in the mucous membrane lining the cheeks. BTO:0005767 SCTID:25421004 cheek gland buccal gland Any of the small racemose mucous glands in the mucous membrane lining the cheeks. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/buccal%20gland A viscus that is part of a abdomen. FMA:32413 FMA:67355 abdominal viscera abdominal viscera set set of abdominal viscera abdominal viscera A viscus that is part of a abdomen. OBOL:automatic abdominal viscera FMA:32413 abdominal viscera set FMA:32413 set of abdominal viscera FMA:32413 A mesopodial endochondral element that is in the most proximal part of the mesopodial skeleton, connected to the zeugopodial skeleton. proximal mesopodial endochondral element A mesopodial endochondral element that is in the most proximal part of the mesopodial skeleton, connected to the zeugopodial skeleton. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. proximal mesopodial cartilage element A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. OBOL:automatic A muscle layer that is part of the rectum. FMA:15035 muscular coat of rectum muscularis externa of rectum rectal muscularis propria tunica muscularis (rectum) tunica muscularis recti muscle layer of rectum A muscle layer that is part of the rectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 muscular coat of rectum FMA:15035 muscularis externa of rectum FMA:15035 rectal muscularis propria FMA:15035 tunica muscularis (rectum) FMA:15035 tunica muscularis recti FMA:TA Any portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the rectum. rectal smooth muscle tissue rectum smooth muscle smooth muscle of rectum rectum smooth muscle tissue Any portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the rectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A kidney interstitium that is part of a left kidney. FMA:74271 left renal stroma stroma of left kidney left kidney interstitium A kidney interstitium that is part of a left kidney. OBOL:automatic left renal stroma FMA:74271 stroma of left kidney FMA:74271 A renal pelvis that is part of a right ureter. FMA:15578 SCTID:243419002 pelvis of right kidney pelvis of right ureter right renal pelvis A renal pelvis that is part of a right ureter. OBOL:automatic pelvis of right kidney FMA:15578 pelvis of right ureter FMA:15578 A renal cortex interstitium that is part of a left kidney. cortical interstitial tissue of left kidney left renal cortex interstitium A renal cortex interstitium that is part of a left kidney. OBOL:automatic A renal medulla interstitium that is part of a left kidney. medullary interstitial tissue of left kidney left renal medulla interstitium A renal medulla interstitium that is part of a left kidney. OBOL:automatic FMA:83521 fibrocollagenous connective tissue A transverse process that is part of a cervical vertebra. FMA:23894 FMA:9913 SCTID:280730000 transverse process of cervical vertebra A transverse process that is part of a cervical vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A rib that is attached to a cervical vertebra. cervical rib A rib that is attached to a cervical vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A rib that is attached to a lumbar vertebra. lumbar rib A rib that is attached to a lumbar vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A transverse process that is part of a lumbar vertebra. FMA:16080 FMA:65469 SCTID:280733003 costa lumbalis lumbar transverse process transverse process of lumbar vertebra A transverse process that is part of a lumbar vertebra. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 costa lumbalis FMA:65469 FMA:TA lumbar transverse process FMA:16080 A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. FMA:24767 SCTID:281630002 lower lip skin skin of lower lip A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. OBOL:automatic lower lip skin FMA:24767 A zone of skin that is part of a upper lip. FMA:24765 SCTID:281629007 upper lip skin skin of upper lip A zone of skin that is part of a upper lip. OBOL:automatic upper lip skin FMA:24765 A ligament that is part of a middle ear. ligament of middle ear A ligament that is part of a middle ear. OBOL:automatic An organ system subdivision that is the part of the lymphoid system that includes the pulmonary lymphatic vessels. FMA:67999 pulmonary lymphatic chain pulmonary lymphatic vasculature pulmonary part of lymphatic system An organ system subdivision that is the part of the lymphoid system that includes the pulmonary lymphatic vessels. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pulmonary lymphatic chain FMA:67999 A lymphatic vessel that is part of a lung. FMA:234006 SCTID:321862009 lymphatic vessel of lung pulmonary lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of a lung. OBOL:automatic A sweat gland that is part of a axilla. axillary apocrine sweat gland sweat gland of axilla axillary sweat gland A sweat gland that is part of a axilla. OBOL:automatic axillary apocrine sweat gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 sweat gland of axilla http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A stroma that is part of a pancreas. FMA:63121 pancreatic stroma stroma of pancreas A stroma that is part of a pancreas. OBOL:automatic pancreatic stroma FMA:63121 A capsule that divides the parenchyma of the pancreas into lobes and lobules. pancreatic capsule capsule of pancreas A capsule that divides the parenchyma of the pancreas into lobes and lobules. ISBN:0123813611 A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. rhombomere junction rhombomere boundary A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. GO:0021654 A vein that supplies blood to the thymus. FMA:10647 SCTID:76543001 Wikipedia:Thymic_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery thymic branch of internal thoracic artery thymic arteries The arteries supplying the thymus are derived from the internal thoracic artery, and from the superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroids.[WP] thymic artery A vein that supplies blood to the thymus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 thymic branch of internal thoracic artery FMA:10647 thymic arteries Wikipedia:Thymic_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery A vein that drains a thyroid gland. EMAPA:18648 SCTID:303420005 thyroid vein A vein that drains a thyroid gland. OBOL:automatic An artery that supplies a cervical thymus. cervical thymic artery An artery that supplies a cervical thymus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 One of the veins draining a meninix. FMA:50839 SCTID:84842006 meningeal vein One of the veins draining a meninix. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Accompanying vein of internal pudendal artery. FMA:18917 SCTID:14885008 Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins vena pudenda interna internal pudic vein internal pudendal vein Accompanying vein of internal pudendal artery. Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins vena pudenda interna Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins internal pudic vein Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins EHDAA2:0001842 EMAPA:35578 skeletal musculature A branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum. FMA:14808 SCTID:265391008 Wikipedia:Jejunal_arteries jejunal branch of superior mesenteric artery jejunal artery A branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum. Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 jejunal branch of superior mesenteric artery FMA:14808 A vein that drains a lacrimal gland. FMA:51779 SCTID:149582008 lacrimal vein A vein that drains a lacrimal gland. OBOL:automatic Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. submucosa of digestive tract Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. FMA:45634 NCIT:C75444 UMLS:C0225358 layer of muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A muscular coat that is part of a digestive tract. tunica muscularis of digestive tract muscular layer of digestive tract muscularis externa of digestive tract tunica externa of digestive tract muscular coat of digestive tract A muscular coat that is part of a digestive tract. OBOL:automatic Tissue that is part of some adrenal gland. NCIT:C32051 adrenal gland tissue adrenal tissue Tissue that is part of some adrenal gland. PHENOSCAPE:Alex adrenal gland tissue ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Gland_Tissue Foramen that allows the passge of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX). foramen for glossopharyngeal nerve Foramen that allows the passge of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX). PHENOSCAPE:alex A skeletal ligament that is part of a hip joint. FMA:42868 SCTID:182435001 hip joint ligament ligament of hip joint A skeletal ligament that is part of a hip joint. OBOL:automatic hip joint ligament FMA:42868 A Z-shaped canal running through the temporal bone from the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen. It is located within the middle ear region, according to its shape it is divided into three main segments: the labyrinthine, the tympanic, and the mastoidal segment . FMA:54952 Wikipedia:Facial_canal canalis nervi facialis facial canal fallopian canal facial nerve canal A Z-shaped canal running through the temporal bone from the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen. It is located within the middle ear region, according to its shape it is divided into three main segments: the labyrinthine, the tympanic, and the mastoidal segment . Wikipedia:Facial_canal canalis nervi facialis FMA:54952 FMA:TA facial canal FMA:54952 fallopian canal FMA:54952 An bone foramen in the ethmoid bone. Wikipedia:Ethmoidal_foramina ethmoidal foramen foramina ethmoidalia ethmoid foramina ethmoidal foramina Taxon nodes: In humans, refers to anterior or posterior ethmoid foramina ethmoid foramen An bone foramen in the ethmoid bone. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 foramina ethmoidalia ethmoid foramina ethmoidal foramina The anatomical space within the intestine. FMA:14586 TADS:0000495 WBbt:0005791 ZFA:0005807 intestinal lumen intestine lumen gut lumen lumen of intestine The anatomical space within the intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 intestinal lumen FMA:14586 intestine lumen ZFA:0005807 gut lumen ZFA:0005807 Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V). MFMO:0000072 muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve muscle Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V). MFMO:0000072 muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve MFMO:0000072 FMA:83450 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue ventricular heart muscle ventricular muscle cardiac muscle tissue of ventricle ventricular cardiac muscle tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ventricular heart muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ventricular muscle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The neck region of a bone organ. bone neck neck of bone neck of bone element The neck region of a bone organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA:23254 SCTID:181915009 anatomical neck of scapula collum scapulae scapular neck neck of scapula anatomical neck of scapula FMA:23254 scapular neck FMA:23254 FMA:35508 fibula neck fibular neck neck of fibula fibula neck FMA:35508 An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. FMA:73747 ZFA:0005811 cardiac vasculature heart vasculature An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. ZFA:0005811 ZFA:CVS cardiac vasculature FMA:73747 Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers. FMA:6280 Wikipedia:Thoracic_splanchnic_nerves thoracic splanchnic nerve Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers. Wikipedia:Thoracic_splanchnic_nerves A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. BTO:0000123 bladder bladder organ A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. BTO:0000123 bladder BTO:0000123 BTO:0002439 genital mucosa reproductive system mucosa genital mucosa BTO:0002439 Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. BTO:0004043 intramuscular fat intramuscular adipose tissue Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. BTO:0004043 intramuscular fat BTO:0004043 BTO:0004626 carotid endothelium carotid epithelium carotid artery endothelium carotid endothelium BTO:0004626 BTO:0004638 FMA:13119 SCTID:88410004 bronchial gland bronchial mucous gland peribronchial gland mucous gland of lung bronchial gland FMA:13119 bronchial mucous gland FMA:13119 peribronchial gland BTO:0004638 BTO:0004661 iliac artery endothelium Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. BTO:0004382 skin epithelium Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EMAPA:35869 MA:0003178 tongue papilla epithelium The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. SCTID:110701000 chorioretina choroid and retina retinachoroid retinachoroidal region chorioretinal region The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. UBERON:drseb http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Either of the outermost digits in a five-digit autopod, or their phylogenetic equivalent. lateral digit outer digit outermost digit digit 1 or 5 Either of the outermost digits in a five-digit autopod, or their phylogenetic equivalent. UBERON:cjm lateral digit outer digit outermost digit lateral finger lateral manual digit outer manual digit outermost manual digit manual digit 1 or 5 lateral finger lateral manual digit outer manual digit outermost manual digit lateral pedal digit lateral toe outer pedal digit outermost pedal digit pedal digit 1 or 5 lateral pedal digit lateral toe outer pedal digit outermost pedal digit DHBA:10654 FMA:268630 gray matter of the hindbrain gray matter of hindbrain gray matter of the hindbrain DHBA:HGM DHBA:10157 FMA:268608 gray matter of forebrain DHBA:10649 FMA:83913 gray matter of midbrain FMA:83912 gray matter of diencephalon EMAPA:35952 MA:0003174 sensory organ epithelium EMAPA:35958 MA:0003171 nose epithelium Epithelial layer that is part of the external part of the nose. FMA:63143 epithelium of skin of external nose epithelium of external nose Epithelial layer that is part of the external part of the nose. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 epithelium of skin of external nose FMA:63143 An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. integumental exocrine gland integumental system exocrine gland exocrine gland of integumental system An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. GOC:dos http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 integumental exocrine gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 integumental system exocrine gland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The spinal accessory nucleus lies within the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5) in the ventral horn. The nucleus ambiguus is classically said to provide the 'cranial component' of the accessory nerve. However, the very existence of this cranial component has been recently questioned and seen as contributing exclusively to the vagus nerve. The terminology continues to be used in describing both human anatomy, and that of other animals. FMA:83965 MA:0001033 Wikipedia:Spinal_accessory_nucleus neuronames:2003 accessory neural nucleus accessory nucleus of anterior column of spinal cord nucleus accessorius columnae anterioris medullae spinalis nucleus nervi accessorii nucleus of accessory nerve nucleus of the accessory nerve nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve spinal accessory nucleus See also: Wikipedia:Spinal_accessory_nucleus accessory XI nerve nucleus The spinal accessory nucleus lies within the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5) in the ventral horn. The nucleus ambiguus is classically said to provide the 'cranial component' of the accessory nerve. However, the very existence of this cranial component has been recently questioned and seen as contributing exclusively to the vagus nerve. The terminology continues to be used in describing both human anatomy, and that of other animals. Wikipedia:Spinal_accessory_nucleus accessory neural nucleus FMA:83965 accessory nucleus of anterior column of spinal cord NeuroNames:2003 nucleus accessorius columnae anterioris medullae spinalis NeuroNames:2003 nucleus nervi accessorii NeuroNames:2003 nucleus of accessory nerve NeuroNames:2003 nucleus of the accessory nerve NeuroNames:2003 nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve NeuroNames:2003 spinal accessory nucleus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood vessel that supplies or drains an ear. MA:0001226 auricular blood vessel A blood vessel that supplies or drains an ear. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA:53671 hair of external ear hair of tragus tragus hair strand of hair on external ear hair of external ear FMA:53671 hair of tragus FMA:53671 tragus hair FMA:53671 The single bud-like invagination of the conjunctival fornix epithelium at the temporal aspect of the eye that signals lacrimal gland formation (Int Rev Cytol. 1996;168:1-80. Cell biology of the harderian gland). EMAPA:35464 lacrimal gland bud The single bud-like invagination of the conjunctival fornix epithelium at the temporal aspect of the eye that signals lacrimal gland formation (Int Rev Cytol. 1996;168:1-80. Cell biology of the harderian gland). MGI:anna FMA:58315 surface of region of wall of eyeball surface of eyeball surface of region of wall of eyeball FMA:58315 NCIT:C33596 SCTID:282511007 splenic arteriole A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. genital fluid genital secretion reproductive system fluid reproductive system fluid/secretion reproductive system secretion reproductive gland secretion A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. UBERON:cjm Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. lamina layer NLX:149357 nervous system cell part layer Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. NLX:149357 lamina CUMBO:CUMBO layer CUMBO:CUMBO Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. FMA:15860 visceral wall of serous membrane visceral serous membrane Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 visceral wall of serous membrane FMA:15860 Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. cavity lining FMA:15859 MA:0002448 parietal wall of serous membrane parietal serous membrane Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cavity lining MA:0002448 parietal wall of serous membrane FMA:15859 The layer of endometrial epithelium adjacent to the uterine cavity. FMA:86492 NCIT:C32189 pars basalis of endometrium stratum basalis of endometrium basal layer of endometrium The layer of endometrial epithelium adjacent to the uterine cavity. Wikipedia:Endometrium#Histology stratum basalis of endometrium FMA:86492 FMA:14652 ileal mesentery ileum mesentery mesoileum mesentery of ileum ileal mesentery FMA:14652 ileum mesentery FMA:14652 A blood vessel of the placenta. placental vessel SCTID:280716005 placenta blood vessel A blood vessel of the placenta. GO:0060674 A mammary gland duct that is part of a male organism. This structure typically regresses. male mammary gland duct A mammary gland duct that is part of a male organism. This structure typically regresses. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. SCTID:34922002 lung field lung field A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_lung BIRNLEX:1491 sacral spinal cord gray matter sacral spinal cord gray matter sacral spinal cord gray matter BIRNLEX:1491 BIRNLEX:1624 lumbar spinal cord gray matter lumbar spinal cord gray matter lumbar spinal cord gray matter BIRNLEX:1624 An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. neurepithelium AEO:0001008 BTO:0000314 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004654 FMA:64807 embryonic neuroepithelium neuroepithelium developing neuroepithelium An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. AEO:0001008 AEO:JB neurepithelium BTO:0000314 embryonic neuroepithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neuroepithelium AEO:0001008 An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. AEO:0001009 proliferating neuroepithelium An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. AEO:0001009 A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. AEO:0001010 differentiating neuroepithelium A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. AEO:0001010 DHBA:12695 EHDAA2:0001152 EMAPA:17789 marginal zone of cerebellum MZCB cerebellum marginal layer marginal zone of cerebellum DHBA:12695 MZCB DHBA:12695 DHBA:12694 EMAPA:32916 marginal zone of hindbrain MZH hindbrain marginal layer marginal zone of hindbrain DHBA:12694 MZH DHBA:12694 EHDAA2:0001267 EMAPA:17585 spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer spinal cord ventricular layer spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer EHDAA2:0001267 The layer of the developing cerebral cortex that is formed from the first cohort of neurons to migrate out of the cortical ventricular zone; split by the second wave into marginal zone and subplate. EMAPA:35261 cortical preplate The layer of the developing cerebral cortex that is formed from the first cohort of neurons to migrate out of the cortical ventricular zone; split by the second wave into marginal zone and subplate. PMID:12626695 Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. cranial nerve fiber bundle cranial nerve fiber tract cranial nerve or tract neuron projection bundle from brain cranial neuron projection bundle Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. ISBN:0471888893 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial nerve fiber bundle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial nerve fiber tract http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial nerve or tract http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neuron projection bundle from brain http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A cranial nerve fiber tract that innervates the parietal eye. epiphyseal nerve This should be classified as an evaginated sensory afferents rather than cranial nerves, as they are part of the CNS[ISBN:0471888893] epiphyseal tract A cranial nerve fiber tract that innervates the parietal eye. ISBN:0471888893 epiphyseal nerve ISBN:0471888893 A cranial nerve fiber tract that innervates the pineal body. FMA:77600 pineal nerve This should be classified as an evaginated sensory afferents rather than cranial nerves, as they are part of the CNS[ISBN:0471888893] pineal tract A cranial nerve fiber tract that innervates the pineal body. ISBN:0471888893 pineal nerve ISBN:0471888893 A taste bud that is located external to the digestive tube, on the head or body, as found in species such as goldfish. integumental taste bud A taste bud that is located external to the digestive tube, on the head or body, as found in species such as goldfish. PMID:11921337 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A taste bud that is located on a lip. lip taste bud A taste bud that is located on a lip. PMID:11921337 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A taste bud that is located on the skin of the head. head taste bud A taste bud that is located on the skin of the head. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A taste bud that is located in the pharynx. pharyngeal taste bud A taste bud that is located in the pharynx. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A taste bud that is located on the roof of the mouth. mouth roof taste bud A taste bud that is located on the roof of the mouth. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A taste bud that is located in the esophagus. esophageal taste bud A taste bud that is located in the esophagus. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A taste bud that is located on the skin of the trunk. trunk taste bud A taste bud that is located on the skin of the trunk. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion respectively. They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. Parasympathetic will induce lacrimation and vice versa. FMA:5866 MESH:D017776 SCTID:276145003 Wikipedia:Autonomic_nerve nervus visceralis visceral nerve autonomic nerve The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion respectively. They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. Parasympathetic will induce lacrimation and vice versa. Wikipedia:Autonomic_nerve nervus visceralis FMA:5866 visceral nerve FMA:5866 SCTID:181098007 sympathetic nerve A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. morphological feature A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA:79770 NCIT:C41168 lymphomyeloid tissue Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. FMA:84580 gas in anatomical space portion of gas in anatomical space bodily gas Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 portion of gas in anatomical space FMA:84580 Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. FMA:84581 respiratory air respiratory system air air in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 respiratory air FMA:84581 EHDAA2:0001472 EMAPA:32796 pituitary primordium future pituitary gland pituitary primordium EHDAA2:0001472 The outgrowth of neuroectoderm located on the floor of the embryonic hypothalamus that gives rise to the neurohypophysis (posterior lobe) of the pituitary gland. EHDAA2:0004434 EMAPA:16647 neurohypohysial region neurohypophyseal bud future neurohypophysis The outgrowth of neuroectoderm located on the floor of the embryonic hypothalamus that gives rise to the neurohypophysis (posterior lobe) of the pituitary gland. MP:0013339 https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/mammalian-phenotype-requests/1930/ neurohypohysial region EHDAA2:0004434 neurohypophyseal bud MP:0013339 The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. prechordal mesenchyme prechordal mesoderm The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. MGI:anna The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. These emerging postganglionic nerves synapse with preganglionic nerves from the thoracic spinal cord. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. FMA:6261 SCTID:280533000 Wikipedia:Cervical_ganglia cervical part of sympathetic trunk cervical sympathetic chain cervical sympathetic trunk cervical sympathetic nerve trunk The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. These emerging postganglionic nerves synapse with preganglionic nerves from the thoracic spinal cord. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. Wikipedia:Cervical_ganglia cervical part of sympathetic trunk FMA:6261 cervical sympathetic chain FMA:6261 cervical sympathetic trunk FMA:6261 FMA:6264 MA:0001164 sacral part of sympathetic trunk sacral sympathetic chain sacral sympathetic trunk pelvic sympathetic nerve trunk pelvic sympathetic trunk sacral sympathetic nerve trunk sacral part of sympathetic trunk FMA:6264 sacral sympathetic chain FMA:6264 sacral sympathetic trunk FMA:6264 pelvic sympathetic nerve trunk MA:0001164 Endocardium that is part of the left atrium. FMA:7286 SCTID:190064008 VHOG:0001226 endocardium of left atrium left atrial endocardium left atrium endocardial tissue left atrium endocardium Endocardium that is part of the left atrium. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 endocardium of left atrium FMA:7286 left atrium endocardial tissue VHOG:0001226 lumen of gland gland lumen Parenchymal tissue that forms the pineal gland. NCIT:C41834 UMLS:C1519088 pineal parenchyma Parenchymal tissue that forms the pineal gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any of the muscles that are responsible for moving the scapula. In humans these are the levator scapulae, the infraspinatus muscle, the teres major, the teres minor, and the supraspinatus muscle. scapular muscle Any of the muscles that are responsible for moving the scapula. In humans these are the levator scapulae, the infraspinatus muscle, the teres major, the teres minor, and the supraspinatus muscle. HPO:curators An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 anatomical cluster multi organ part structure An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 anatomical cluster CARO:0020001 A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. CARO:0020002 FMA:62807 cell cluster A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. CARO:0020002 2 Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. CARO:0020000 disconnected anatomical group Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. CARO:0020000 A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. anatomical collection A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical collection that is arranged in a line. anatomical row An anatomical collection that is arranged in a line. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. external soft tissue zone A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. BTO:0001513 biliary system epithelium biliary epithelium biliary tract epithelium epithelium of biliary system The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. BTO:0001513 MGI:cs http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 biliary system epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 biliary epithelium BTO:0001513 biliary tract epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. layer of smooth muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An enlarged chamber in the blood sinus capable of accumulating a large volume of blood. ZFA:0007073 blood sinus cavity blood sinus lumen venous sinus cavity An enlarged chamber in the blood sinus capable of accumulating a large volume of blood. GOC:YMB ZFA:0007073 blood sinus cavity ZFA:0007073 blood sinus lumen ZFA:0007073 FMA:55268 organ sector organ zonal region organ zone organ region with floating fiat boundary zone of organ organ sector FMA:55268 organ zone FMA:55268 organ region with floating fiat boundary FMA:55268 Any gaseous product of an excretory process. excreted gas Any gaseous product of an excretory process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any excreted gas that is produced by the digestive tract. FMA:78440 flatulence flatus intestinal gas In mammals, mostly produced as a byproduct of bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially the colon, and excreted through the rectum gas excreted from digestive tract Any excreted gas that is produced by the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 flatulence FMA:78440 flatus Wikipedia:Flatulence Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. respiratory gas respiratory system gas gas in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A population of lymphatic endothelial cell precursors that will form the lymph vessels. NCIT:C34262 UMLS:C1514424 primary lymph sac embryonic lymph sac A population of lymphatic endothelial cell precursors that will form the lymph vessels. DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2013 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1383 NCIT:C25787 UMLS:C1512086 duct epithelium ductal epithelium epithelial layer of duct DHBA:12682 EMAPA:32917 hindbrain mantle layer hindbrain cortical intermediate zone hindbrain mantle layer EMAPA:32917 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32907 EMAPA:35454 jaw mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:35702 preputial swelling EMAPA:29220 prepuce of male preputial swelling of male prepuce of male EMAPA:29220 EMAPA:30478 prepuce of female preputial swelling of female prepuce of female EMAPA:30478 EMAPA:35890 turbinal cartilage turbinate bone primordium turbinate cartilage condensation unossified nasal turbinal unossified nasal turbinate unossified turbinate nasal concha cartilage turbinate bone primordium EMAPA:35890 An epithelium that is part of a naris [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35959 MA:0003172 naris epithelium An epithelium that is part of a naris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:32904 MA:0003220 jaw epithelium SCTID:277967008 hemorrhoidal artery rectal artery Any of the interlobular excretory ducts of a salivary gland which are found in the connective tissue septa and formed by the union of several intralobular striated (secretory) ducts[MP,generalized]. FMA:60052 excretory duct of salivary gland Any of the interlobular excretory ducts of a salivary gland which are found in the connective tissue septa and formed by the union of several intralobular striated (secretory) ducts[MP,generalized]. MP:0013750 excretory duct FMA:60053 interlobular duct of salivary gland FMA:70643 ductal part of apocrine sweat gland duct of apocrine sweat gland ductal part of apocrine sweat gland FMA:70643 A vertebra that has a transverse process. TP vertebra pygal vertebra transverse process-bearing vertebra A vertebra that has a transverse process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 TP vertebra PMID:22753107 pygal vertebra PMID:22753107 Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. digestive tract contents ingested material entity material entity in digestive tract Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/110 digestive tract contents EMAPA:32631 hand cartilage condensation manus cartilage element hand cartilage condensation EMAPA:32631 EMAPA:32657 foot cartilage condensation pes cartilage element foot cartilage condensation EMAPA:32657 ossicle element auditory skeletal element middle ear ossicle element ear ossicle element ear ossicles element middle ear skeletal element ossicle element of ear ossicle element of inner ear ossicular chain element auditory ossicle endochondral element ossicle element EMAPA:17824 Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle middle ear ossicle element MP:0005105 ear ossicles element ossicular chain element EMAPA:35979 ossicle cartilage condensation auditory ossicle cartilage element ossicle cartilage condensation EMAPA:35979 EMAPA:35982 ossicle pre-cartilage condensation auditory ossicle pre-cartilage element ossicle pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:35982 Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. FMA:61695 NCIT:C29667 SCTID:261060002 UMLS:C0489451 surface of body entire surface of organism Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. FMA:61695 surface of body FMA:61695 The tubules that carry lymph throughout the body that are just beneath the surface of the skin. FMA:52011 NCIT:C33663 SCTID:20315002 UMLS:C1282745 superficial lymph vessel superficial lymphatic vessel The tubules that carry lymph throughout the body that are just beneath the surface of the skin. ncithesaurus:Superficial_Lymphatic_Vessel superficial lymph vessel FMA:52011 FMA:70506 NCIT:C32837 SCTID:360629008 UMLS:C1182571 internal carotid arterial subdivision subdivision of internal carotid artery branch of internal carotid artery internal carotid arterial subdivision FMA:70506 subdivision of internal carotid artery FMA:70506 The narrowest portion of the gallbladder and distal to the cystic duct. FMA:14538 NCIT:C32649 SCTID:245394007 UMLS:C0227546 Wikipedia:Neck_of_gallbladder cervix of gallbladder gallbladder neck neck of gallbladder The narrowest portion of the gallbladder and distal to the cystic duct. ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Neck cervix of gallbladder FMA:14538 gallbladder neck FMA:14538 The membrane the surrounds the prostate gland. FMA:19583 NCIT:C13086 SCTID:279682007 UMLS:C0227963 capsule of prostate capsule of prostate gland prostatic capsule The membrane the surrounds the prostate gland. ncithesaurus:Capsule_of_the_Prostate capsule of prostate FMA:19583 capsule of prostate gland FMA:19583 FMA:70505 NCIT:C32552 SCTID:244216003 UMLS:C0447038 external carotid arterial subdivision subdivision of external carotid artery branch of external carotid artery external carotid arterial subdivision FMA:70505 subdivision of external carotid artery FMA:70505 An artery that supplies the pituitary gland. hypophysial artery An artery that supplies the pituitary gland. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The parietal pleura that lines the mediastinum. FMA:9736 NCIT:C94820 SCTID:362002008 UMLS:C0225789 Wikipedia:Mediastinal_pleura mediastinal part of parietal pleura pars mediastinalis (pleurae) pars mediastinalis pleurae parietalis mediastinal pleura The parietal pleura that lines the mediastinum. ncithesaurus:Mediastinal_Pleura mediastinal part of parietal pleura FMA:9736 pars mediastinalis (pleurae) FMA:9736 pars mediastinalis pleurae parietalis FMA:9736 FMA:TA A space inside the uterus lined by a layer of mucus membranes called the endometrium. FMA:18076 NCIT:C32514 SCTID:362257002 UMLS:C0227844 Wikipedia:Uterine_cavity cavity of body of uterus endometrial cavity endometrial lumen intrauterine cavity endometrial cavity A space inside the uterus lined by a layer of mucus membranes called the endometrium. ncithesaurus:Endometrial_Cavity cavity of body of uterus FMA:18076 endometrial cavity FMA:18076 intrauterine cavity FMA:18076 The external portion of the prostate including the anterior, inferolateral, lateral and posterior surfaces. FMA:19590 NCIT:C13091 SCTID:279694003 UMLS:C0426735 prostatic surface surface of prostate gland surface of prostate The external portion of the prostate including the anterior, inferolateral, lateral and posterior surfaces. ncithesaurus:Surface_of_the_Prostate prostatic surface FMA:19590 surface of prostate gland FMA:19590 Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. FMA:4149 NCIT:C32535 SCTID:56548006 UMLS:C0226294 aortic esophageal artery oesophageal artery esophageal artery Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Artery aortic esophageal artery FMA:4149 oesophageal artery FMA:4149 The tubules that carry lymph throughout the body that are in the interior of the body or limbs. FMA:52012 NCIT:C32439 SCTID:14033005 UMLS:C1282746 deep lymph vessel deep lymphatic vessel The tubules that carry lymph throughout the body that are in the interior of the body or limbs. ncithesaurus:Deep_Lymphatic_Vessel deep lymph vessel FMA:52012 FMA:51797 SCTID:149683007 ciliary vein uveal vein ciliary vein FMA:51797 SCTID:77852007 colic artery The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. FMA:225275 superficial part of circulatory system superficial vasculature dermis vasculature hypodermis vasculature skin vasculature subcutaneous vasculature vasculature of skin vasculature of integument The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vasculature of skin FMA:225275 Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. FMA:76719 NCIT:C33666 SCTID:341382008 UMLS:C0226513 Wikipedia:Superficial_vein superfical vein superficial veins superficial vessels superficial vein Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. ncithesaurus:Superficial_Vein superfical vein Wikipedia:Superficial_vein superficial veins Wikipedia:Superficial_vein superficial vessels Wikipedia:Superficial_vein The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. deep part of circulatory system deep vasculature The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. FMA:76718 NCIT:C32444 SCTID:341484008 UMLS:C0226514 Wikipedia:Deep_vein deep veins deep vessels deep vein A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. ncithesaurus:Deep_Vein deep veins Wikipedia:Deep_vein deep vessels Wikipedia:Deep_vein Any chamber of the left side of the heart. FMA:7166 SCTID:362008007 left cardiac chamber Any chamber of the left side of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any chamber of the right side of the heart. FMA:7165 SCTID:362007002 right cardiac chamber Any chamber of the right side of the heart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An embryonic structure positioned halfway between the prospective eye and ear, adjacent to the future midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. XAO:0004093 ophthalmic lobe of trigeminal placode ophthalmic lobe of trigeminal placode complex ophthalmic placode profundus placode profundal placode An embryonic structure positioned halfway between the prospective eye and ear, adjacent to the future midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. PMID:21452441 XAO:0004093 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/693 ophthalmic lobe of trigeminal placode NCBIBook:NBK53171 ophthalmic lobe of trigeminal placode complex NCBIBook:NBK53171 ophthalmic placode PMID:22512454 profundus placode XAO:0004093 FMA:61298 cartilage of acoustic meatus cartilage of auditory canal cartilago meatus acustici external acoustic meatus cartilage cartilage of external acoustic meatus cartilage of acoustic meatus FMA:61298 cartilage of auditory canal FMA:61298 cartilago meatus acustici FMA:TA external acoustic meatus cartilage FMA:61298 Any lymph vessel that is located in the dura mater of the brain. dural lymph vessel dural lymph vasculature Louveau et al (DOI:10.1038/nature14432) claim the discovery of lymphatics in the cerebral dura mater, but this is disputed by Bucchieri et al (DOI:10.1111/joa.12381) dura mater lymph vessel Any lymph vessel that is located in the dura mater of the brain. DOI:10.1038/nature14432 DOI:10.1111/joa.12381 A skeletal element of the ethmoid region with complex morphology that are lined with mucuous membranes involved in either olfaction or air conditioning. nasal turbinal nasal turbinal element nasal turbinate turbinal turbinate concha conchae nasales nasal concha nasal turbinal A skeletal element of the ethmoid region with complex morphology that are lined with mucuous membranes involved in either olfaction or air conditioning. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Nasal_concha http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html turbinal http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html concha EMAPA:25093 conchae nasales Wikipedia:Nasal_concha The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. FMA:76554 NCIT:C32574 SCTID:120612006 UMLS:C0229243 Wikipedia:Accessory_visual_structures adnexa oculi accessory parts of orbital region accessory visual structures accessory visual structures set adnexal parts of orbital region appendage of eye appendages of the eye eye adnexa set of accessory visual structures structurae oculi accessoriae ocular adnexa The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva. HPO:pr UBERON:cjm http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1132 adnexa oculi http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa accessory visual structures FMA:76554 Wikipedia:Accessory_visual_structures accessory visual structures set FMA:76554 appendage of eye http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa appendages of the eye http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ocular+adnexa set of accessory visual structures FMA:76554 structurae oculi accessoriae Wikipedia:Accessory_visual_structures Any nerve that innervates the larynx. MESH:D007823 SCTID:307013006 laryngeal nerve Any nerve that innervates the larynx. UBERON:cjm Any nerve that innervates the pinna. EMAPA:36513 MA:0001232 auricular nerve nerve innervating pinna Any nerve that innervates the pinna. UBERON:cjm auricular nerve MA:0001232 Any nerve that innervates the penis. EMAPA:35057 penile nerve penis nerve nerve of penis Any nerve that innervates the penis. UBERON:cjm Any nerve that innervates the clitoris. EMAPA:35044 clitoral nerve clitoris nerve nerve of clitoris Any nerve that innervates the clitoris. UBERON:cjm Wikipedia:Glans glans EHDAA2:0004181 FMA:9464 cardiac chamber cavity heart cavity heart lumen cavity of cardiac chamber cardiac chamber cavity FMA:9464 heart cavity FMA:9464 heart lumen EHDAA2:0004181 FMA:5968 intrapulmonary lymph node pulmonary node pulmonary lymph node intrapulmonary lymph node FMA:5968 pulmonary node FMA:5968 FMA:223208 NCIT:C12930 UMLS:C1512970 intrapulmonary bronchus The region between the mandible and the hyoid bone that contains the submandibular and sublingual glands, suprahyoid muscles, submandibular ganglion, and lingual artery. FMA:57779 Wikipedia:Submandibular_triangle digastric triangle submandibular triangle submaxillary triangle trigonum submandibulare submandibular region The region between the mandible and the hyoid bone that contains the submandibular and sublingual glands, suprahyoid muscles, submandibular ganglion, and lingual artery. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1137 digastric triangle FMA:57779 Wikipedia:Submandibular_triangle submandibular triangle FMA:57779 submaxillary triangle FMA:57779 Wikipedia:Submandibular_triangle trigonum submandibulare FMA:TA A portion of semen in a coagulated state. seminal coagulum seminal clot A portion of semen in a coagulated state. PMID:18482984 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 seminal coagulum PMID:18482984 The primordial mouth region of the developing head. FMA:293105 primitive mouth primordial mouth future mouth The primordial mouth region of the developing head. MP:0003119 primitive mouth FMA:293105 A muscle layer that is part of the sigmoid colon. FMA:15028 muscularis externa of sigmoid colon muscularis propria of sigmoid colon sigmoid colon muscularis propria sigmoideum muscularis tunica muscularis colon sigmoideum muscle layer of sigmoid colon A muscle layer that is part of the sigmoid colon. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1162 muscularis externa of sigmoid colon FMA:15028 FMA:12241 SCTID:304404008 serous cavity The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. SCTID:42267001 ZFA:0005765 pericardial fat The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 Fat deposits in the mediastinum outside the parietal pericardium . intrathoracic fat paracardial fat Fat deposits in the mediastinum outside the parietal pericardium . DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 intrathoracic fat DOI:10.5935/abc.20130138 Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. visceral fat Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. UBERON:cjm The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity. FMA:12267 Wikipedia:Abdominopelvic_cavity cavitas abdominis et pelvis abdominopelvic cavity The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity. UBERON:cjm cavitas abdominis et pelvis FMA:TA A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity. EMAPA:16137 FMA:9908 peritoneal component peritoneal sac A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 peritoneal component EMAPA:16137 The lumen of the epididymis. FMA:18274 SCTID:367722009 epididymis lumen lumen of epididymis epididymal lumen The lumen of the epididymis. GOC:DOS https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1209 epididymis lumen FMA:18274 lumen of epididymis FMA:18274 BTO:0004378 FMA:67473 blood vessel wall vascular wall wall of blood vessel blood vessel wall FMA:67473 vascular wall BTO:0004378 The lower portion of the larynx, extending from just beneath the vocal cords down to the top of the trachea. FMA:55477 NCIT:C12280 SCTID:281511009 infraglottic part of larynx subglottic larynx subglottic region subglottis The lower portion of the larynx, extending from just beneath the vocal cords down to the top of the trachea. MP:0030000 Wikipedia:Subglottis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6490-7723 infraglottic part of larynx FMA:55477 subglottic larynx FMA:55477 subglottic region MP:0030000 EHDAA2:0004070 respiratory primordium epithelium EHDAA2:0004071 respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme respiratory primordium mesenchyme respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004071 An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. cardiopharyngeal field An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7548/full/nature14435.html#bx1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 An organ subunit in the skin that gives rise to cutaneous appendage. follicle cutaneous appendage follicle skin follicle skin appendage follicle An organ subunit in the skin that gives rise to cutaneous appendage. UBERON:cjm https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1266 FMA:83520 fibroelastic connective tissue An anatomical junction that is between the sigmoid colon and rectum. NCIT:C54188 SCTID:245429006 rectosigmoid region rectosigmoid junction An anatomical junction that is between the sigmoid colon and rectum. NCIT:C54188 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1319 https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/pdf/abstracting/colon.pdf rectosigmoid region NCIT:C54188 Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. AAO:0010270 ZFA:0005594 anatomical surface region Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1324 A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. BTO:0001708 coelomic fluid A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. PMID:10874572 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1326 Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. respiratory system gland Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. UBERON:cjm A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. post-embryonic notochord A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. UBERON:cjm Fluid that lines the vaginal walls that consists of multiple secretions that collect in the vagina from different glands. vaginal discharge vaginal secretion vaginal fluid Fluid that lines the vaginal walls that consists of multiple secretions that collect in the vagina from different glands. http://www.bumc.bu.edu/sexualmedicine/physicianinformation/female-genital-anatomy/ A transudate found in the serous sac. serous fluid FMA:20932 serous sac fluid secretion of serous membrane A transudate found in the serous sac. FMA:20932 serous fluid FMA:20932 Parenchymal tissue that consists of the alveoli, grape-like clusters where milk is stored, and branching ducts, which are tubular canals carrying gladular secretions. lactiferous gland parenchyma mammary gland parenchyma parenchyma of lactiferous gland parenchyma of mammary gland Parenchymal tissue that consists of the alveoli, grape-like clusters where milk is stored, and branching ducts, which are tubular canals carrying gladular secretions. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mammary_gland https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1349 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 Any synovial joint that connects auditory ossicles. FMA:60063 auditory ossicle joint auditory ossicles joint joint of auditory ossicles joint of auditory ossicle Any synovial joint that connects auditory ossicles. UBERON:cjm auditory ossicles joint FMA:60063 joint of auditory ossicles FMA:60063 FMA:53133 cranial orifice skull orifice orifice of skull cranial orifice FMA:53133 skull orifice FMA:53133 Any of the eight ligaments pertaining to the uterus including the anterior, posterior, lateral, sacro-uterine and round ligaments. NCIT:C61360 SCTID:272668006 uterine ligament Any of the eight ligaments pertaining to the uterus including the anterior, posterior, lateral, sacro-uterine and round ligaments. NCIT:C61360 The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch) is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V). It runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and passes through zygomaticotemporal foramen in the zygomatic bone to enter the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit. FMA:52972 SCTID:280243001 Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Nervus zygomaticus) ramus zygomaticotemporalis nervus zygomatici zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic nerve zygomaticotemporal zygomaticotemporal branch zygomaticotemporal nerve The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch) is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V). It runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and passes through zygomaticotemporal foramen in the zygomatic bone to enter the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit. Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Nervus zygomaticus) FMA:52972 ramus zygomaticotemporalis nervus zygomatici FMA:TA zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic nerve FMA:52972 zygomaticotemporal Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve zygomaticotemporal branch Wikipedia:Zygomaticotemporal_nerve SCTID:279975006 vulval vein SCTID:13152008 pelvic vein EMAPA:30807 SCTID:363673006 penis vasculature vasculature of penis penis blood vessel vasculature of penis EMAPA:30807 Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. FMA:9556 left ventricular wall wall of left ventricle Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. FMA:9556 left ventricular wall FMA:9556 Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. FMA:9533 right ventricular wall wall of right ventricle Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. FMA:9533 right ventricular wall FMA:9533 A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. NCIT:C12226 labial mucosa mucosa of lip A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic labial mucosa UBERON:cjm The upper tract of the renal system. The renal pelvis is the large cavity in the middle of each kidney. Urine drains from each kidney through a long tube called the ureter, into the bladder, where it is stored until it is passed from the body through the urethra. NCIT:C54419 renal pelvis and ureter renal pelvis plus ureter renal pelvis/ureter The upper tract of the renal system. The renal pelvis is the large cavity in the middle of each kidney. Urine drains from each kidney through a long tube called the ureter, into the bladder, where it is stored until it is passed from the body through the urethra. NCIT:C54419 FMA:225251 SCTID:297287005 vasculature of spleen vasculature of central nervous system plus retina FMA:259905 vasculature of central nervous system An anatomical structure that is located along the line dividing two regions of an anatomical structure. anatomical border An anatomical structure that is located along the line dividing two regions of an anatomical structure. UBERON:cjm FMA:14179 coronary arterial wall wall of coronary artery coronary arterial wall FMA:14179 FMA:14621 appendix wall wall of vermiform appendix wall of appendix appendix wall FMA:14621 wall of vermiform appendix FMA:14621 FMA:14657 gallbladder wall wall of gallbladder gallbladder wall FMA:14657 FMA:15089 brachiocephalic arterial wall wall of brachiocephalic artery brachiocephalic arterial wall FMA:15089 FMA:15090 subclavian arterial wall wall of subclavian artery subclavian arterial wall FMA:15090 FMA:15704 anal canal wall wall of anal canal anal canal wall FMA:15704 FMA:15889 right ureteral wall wall of right ureter right ureteral wall FMA:15889 FMA:18211 pulmonary arterial wall wall of pulmonary artery pulmonary arterial wall FMA:18211 FMA:18303 uterine tube wall wall of fallopian tube wall of oviduct wall of uterine tube uterine tube wall FMA:18303 wall of fallopian tube FMA:18303 wall of oviduct FMA:18303 FMA:19779 urethral wall wall of urethra urethral wall FMA:19779 FMA:19971 vaginal wall wall of vagina vaginal wall FMA:19971 FMA:231590 wall of synovial tendon sheath FMA:242772 wall of lateral ventricle FMA:242778 wall of fourth ventricle FMA:242841 wall of ventricular system of brain FMA:58098 eyeball wall wall of eyeball eyeball wall FMA:58098 FMA:63144 orbit wall wall of orbit orbit wall FMA:63144 FMA:66284 common carotid arterial wall wall of common carotid artery common carotid arterial wall FMA:66284 Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. FMA:7274 cardiac wall wall of heart Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. FMA:7274 cardiac wall FMA:7274 FMA:85375 lacrimal ductal wall wall of lacrimal duct lacrimal ductal wall FMA:85375 FMA:19676 male urethral wall wall of male urethra male urethral wall FMA:19676 FMA:19780 female urethral wall wall of female urethra female urethral wall FMA:19780 FMA:54242 neck hair hair of neck neck hair FMA:54242 FMA:54243 limb hair hair of limb limb hair FMA:54243 An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the cystic duct. FMA:14835 cholecystic artery cystic artery An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the cystic duct. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_artery cholecystic artery FMA:14835 FMA:15395 sigmoid vein FMA:70471 pancreatic artery FMA:20903 arteria urethralis urethral artery arteria urethralis A12.2.15.042 A vein that drains the urethra. FMA:21270 urethral vein A vein that drains the urethra. UBERON:cjm A collection of hairs that grows on the external ear. external ear hair collection of hair on external ear A collection of hairs that grows on the external ear. UBERON:EJS https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/34 A collection of hairs that grows on the forehead. collection of hair on forehead A collection of hairs that grows on the forehead. UBERON:EJS https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/34 A zone of skin that is part of the face. EMAPA:36657 FMA:24758 NCIT:C33561 SCTID:361703006 face skin facial skin skin of face A zone of skin that is part of the face. UBERON:EJS https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/34 face skin EMAPA:36657 FMA:24758 A parenchyma that is part of a spleen. FMA:16029 splenic parenchyma parenchyma of spleen A parenchyma that is part of a spleen. OBOL:automatic splenic parenchyma FMA:16029 An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. digestive tract junction An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 EFO:0003612 TAO:0001053 ZFA:0001053 PICA primitive internal carotid artery future internal carotid artery PICA TAO:0001053 primitive internal carotid artery ZFA:0001053 Fin or limb undergoing the process of regeneration. EFO:0003657 TAO:0001269 ZFA:0001269 regenerating fins regenerating fin/limb Fin or limb undergoing the process of regeneration. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 regenerating fins ZFA:0001269 ZFA:0001371 pancreatic system An epithelium that is part of a regenerating fin/limb. epidermal cap wound epidermis wound epithelium EFO:0003682 TAO:0001389 ZFA:0001389 epidermal cap of fin wound epidermis of fin wound epithelium of fin regeneration epithelium of fin/limb An epithelium that is part of a regenerating fin/limb. OBOL:automatic epidermal cap ZFA:0001389 wound epidermis ZFA:0001389 wound epithelium ZFA:0001389 Cartilage which is part of the axial skeleton. ZFA:0001457 postcranial axial cartilage Cartilage which is part of the axial skeleton. ZFIN:curator Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse. fenestrated blood vessel endothelium FMA:63196 NCIT:C32595 TAO:0005260 Wikipedia:Capillary#Types ZFA:0005260 fenestrated capillary vessel fenestrated capillary Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse. Wikipedia:Capillary#Types Wikipedia:Fenestra_(histology) fenestrated blood vessel endothelium ZFA:0005260 fenestrated capillary vessel FMA:63196 Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. ZFA:0007013 preplacodal ectoderm Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. ZFIN:curator Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. Not clear how this differs from parent class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1305 external integument structure Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. AAO:EJS Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. head external integument structure Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. AAO:EJS Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. body external integument structure Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. AAO:EJS Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the limb integument. limb external integument structure Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the limb integument. AAO:EJS Blood vessels in respiratory skin. vasculature of respiratory integument Blood vessels in respiratory skin. AAO:EJS Skeletal tissue that is mineralized. mineralized tissue VSAO:0000013 XAO:0004039 mineralized skeletal tissue Skeletal tissue that is mineralized. XAO:0004039 XAO:EJS mineralized tissue VSAO:0000013 Extracellular matrix that is mineralized. mineralized extracellular matrix Extracellular matrix that is mineralized. PSPUB:0000170 Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite. mineralized bone tissue Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite. PSPUB:0000170 Anatomical projection that is composed of bone or cartilage tissue. skeletal element projection Anatomical projection that is composed of bone or cartilage tissue. PHENOSCAPE FMA:23356 NCIT:C33164 collum anatomicum (Humerus) collum anatomicum humeri humeral neck anatomic neck of humerus neck of humerus collum anatomicum (Humerus) FMA:23356 collum anatomicum humeri FMA:23356 FMA:TA anatomic neck of humerus FMA:23356 An anatomical surface that is part of a bone. bone surface surface of bone An anatomical surface that is part of a bone. PHENOSCAPE Mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb bud. forelimb bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb bud. PHENOSCAPE Mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb bud. hindlimb bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb bud. PHENOSCAPE A subdivision of the autopod consisting of manual digit 1 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. manual digit 1 manual digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue manual digit 1 digitopodial subdivision manual digit 1 ray manual digit I plus metapodial segment manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of manual digit 1 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 1 digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 1 ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit I plus metapodial segment https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. pedal digit pedal digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue pedal digit digitopodial subdivision pedal digit ray pedal digit plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of manual digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. manual digit manual digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue manual digit digitopodial subdivision manual digit ray manual digit plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of manual digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. digit digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue digit digitopodial subdivision digit ray digit plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of manual digit 5 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. manual digit 5 manual digit 5 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue manual digit 5 digitopodial subdivision manual digit 5 ray manual digit V plus metapodial segment manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of manual digit 5 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 5 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 5 digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 5 ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit V plus metapodial segment https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit 1 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. pedal digit 1 pedal digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue pedal digit 1 digitopodial subdivision pedal digit 1 ray pedal digit I plus metapodial segment pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit 1 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 1 digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 1 ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit I plus metapodial segment https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit 5 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. pedal digit 5 pedal digit 5 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue pedal digit 5 digitopodial subdivision pedal digit 5 ray pedal digit V plus metapodial segment pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit 5 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 5 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 5 digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 5 ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit V plus metapodial segment https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit 1 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. digit 1 digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue digit 1 digitopodial subdivision digit 1 ray digit I plus metapodial segment digit 1 plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit 1 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 1 digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 1 ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit I plus metapodial segment https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit 5 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. digit 5 digit 5 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue digit 5 digitopodial subdivision digit 5 ray digit V plus metapodial segment digit 5 plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit 5 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 5 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 5 digitopodial subdivision http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 5 ray http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit V plus metapodial segment https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 1 plus the associated metapodial element. manual digit I digitopodial skeleton manual digit 1 manual digit 1 skeleton manual digit 1 digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 1 plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit I digitopodial skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 manual digit 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 1 skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit plus the associated metapodial element. pedal digit pedal digit skeleton pedal digit digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit plus the associated metapodial element. manual digit manual digit skeleton manual digit digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element. digit digit skeleton individual digit of digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 5 plus the associated metapodial element. manual digit V digitopodial skeleton manual digit 5 manual digit 5 skeleton manual digit 5 digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 5 plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit V digitopodial skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 manual digit 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 manual digit 5 skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit 1 plus the associated metapodial element. pedal digit I digitopodial skeleton pedal digit 1 pedal digit 1 skeleton pedal digit 1 digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit 1 plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit I digitopodial skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 pedal digit 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 1 skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit 5 plus the associated metapodial element. pedal digit V digitopodial skeleton pedal digit 5 pedal digit 5 skeleton pedal digit 5 digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit 5 plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit V digitopodial skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 pedal digit 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 pedal digit 5 skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of digit 1 plus the associated metapodial element. digit I digitopodial skeleton digit 1 digit 1 skeleton digit 1 digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of digit 1 plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit I digitopodial skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 digit 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 1 skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of digit 5 plus the associated metapodial element. digit V digitopodial skeleton digit 5 digit 5 skeleton digit 5 digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of digit 5 plus the associated metapodial element. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit V digitopodial skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/458 digit 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 digit 5 skeleton http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The tibial tuberosity is on the anterior side of a tibia and is where a patella ligament attaches. fossa digitalis tibial tuberosity The tibial tuberosity is on the anterior side of a tibia and is where a patella ligament attaches. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberosity_of_the_tibia A suture joining a sphenoid bone with the alae of a vomer to form a schindylesis type of joint. sphenovomerine suture A suture joining a sphenoid bone with the alae of a vomer to form a schindylesis type of joint. DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000002945 PMID:27483100 Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact. serosa of liver tunica serosa hepatis liver serosa Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/serosa+of+liver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-2730 serosa of liver FMA:15811 tunica serosa hepatis https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/serosa+of+liver Subserosal tissue of liver. A zone of areolar connective tissue lying beneath the serous coat of the liver and distinguished with difficulty from the fibrous capsule of Glisson. hepatic subserosa subserosal tissue of liver subserous layer of liver tela subserosa (hepar) tela subserosa hepatis liver subserosa Subserosal tissue of liver. A zone of areolar connective tissue lying beneath the serous coat of the liver and distinguished with difficulty from the fibrous capsule of Glisson. FMA:15812 https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/subserosa+of+liver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-2730 tela subserosa (hepar) FMA:15821 tela subserosa hepatis https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/subserosa+of+liver Region of liver parenchyma immediately below the capsule. This region is frequently specified in pathology diagnoses. liver subcapsular region liver subcapsular tissue subcapsular tissue of liver subcapsular region of liver Region of liver parenchyma immediately below the capsule. This region is frequently specified in pathology diagnoses. PMID:30992875 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-2730 liver subcapsular region PMID:30992875 liver subcapsular tissue PMID:30992875 subcapsular tissue of liver PMID:30992875 The anatomical junction between the duodenum and the jejunum. FMA:15957 TA2:2952 WikipediaVersioned:Duodenojejunal_flexure&oldid=937307798 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 duodeno-jejunal flexure duodenojejunal flexure duodenojejunal junction flexura duodenojejunalis duodeno-jejunal junction The anatomical junction between the duodenum and the jejunum. PMID:23961897 PMID:29064554 flexura duodenojejunalis Wikipedia:Duodenojejunal_flexure Venule of villus of small intestine. venule of small intestine small intestine venule Venule of villus of small intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A lymphatic vessel that supplies the small intestine. lymphatic vessel of small intestine small intestine lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that supplies the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 Arteriole of villus of small intestine. arteriole of small intestine arteriole of villus of small intestine small intestine villus arteriole small intestine arteriole Arteriole of villus of small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A venule that is located in the anorectum. anorectum venule venule of anorectum A venule that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An arteriole that is located in the anorectum. anorectum arteriole arteriole of anorectum An arteriole that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An arteriole located in the colon. arteriole of colon An arteriole located in the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 The anatomical junction between the descending colon and the sigmoid colon. sigmoid junction descending-sigmoid colon junction descending-sigmoid junction descending sigmoid junction The anatomical junction between the descending colon and the sigmoid colon. PMID:27233374 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A portal vein that drains the descending colon. It is a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the left colic artery. FMA:15394 left colic vein A portal vein that drains the descending colon. It is a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the left colic artery. WikipediaVersioned:Left_colic_vein&oldid=964575339 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A portal vein that drains the ascending colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and travels with its corresponding artery, the right colic artery. FMA:15407 right colic vein A portal vein that drains the ascending colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and travels with its corresponding artery, the right colic artery. WikipediaVersioned:Right_colic_vein&oldid=870898828 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 The area where the jejunum ends and the ileum part of the intestine begins. Although there is no clear distinct section, the ileum is narrower and has smaller villi than the jejunum. jejunoileal junction jejuno-ileal junction The area where the jejunum ends and the ileum part of the intestine begins. Although there is no clear distinct section, the ileum is narrower and has smaller villi than the jejunum. DOI:10.1016/B978-1-4377-2206-2.00068-3 PMID:21802415 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A venule located in the vermiform appendix. venule of vermiform appendix vermiform appendix venule venule of appendix A venule located in the vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. junction of intestine intestinal junction An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An arteriole located in the vermiform appendix. appendix vermiformis arteriole arteriole of appendix vermiformis arteriole of vermiform appendix vermiform appendix arteriole arteriole of appendix An arteriole located in the vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphatic vessel located in the vermiform appendix. lymphatic vessel of appendix vermiformis lymphatic vessel of vermiform appendix lymphatic vessel of appendix A lymphatic vessel located in the vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 The trabecular sinus is the lymph-filled space outside the trabeculae between lobules of the lymph node. This is a continuation of the subcapsular sinus which receives the afferent vessels and is present beneath the capsule. This space is traversed by both reticular fibers and cells in the lymph. lymph node trabecular sinus trabecular sinus of lymph node The trabecular sinus is the lymph-filled space outside the trabeculae between lobules of the lymph node. This is a continuation of the subcapsular sinus which receives the afferent vessels and is present beneath the capsule. This space is traversed by both reticular fibers and cells in the lymph. PMID:32491649 WikipediaVersioned:Lymph_node&oldid=1020495758 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A vein where lymph node venules condense and which exits at the lymph node hilum. It is also called hilar vein. hilar vein of lymph node vein of lymph node lymph node vein A vein where lymph node venules condense and which exits at the lymph node hilum. It is also called hilar vein. PMID:17067937 WikipediaVersioned:Lymph_node&oldid=1001655735#Structure http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An artery that enters the lymph node at the hilum and branches into smaller arterioles. artery of lymph node hilar artery of lymph node lymph node artery An artery that enters the lymph node at the hilum and branches into smaller arterioles. PMID:17067937 WikipediaVersioned:Lymph_node&oldid=1001655735#Structure http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An arteriole that arises from the hilar artery of a lymph node and radiates centrifugally, branching in the medulla. arteriole of medulla of lymph node medullary arteriole of lymph node An arteriole that arises from the hilar artery of a lymph node and radiates centrifugally, branching in the medulla. PMID:17067937 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 Medullary venules are a continuation of high endothelial venules which condense repeatedly in the interfollicular cortex and peripheral deep cortical unit and then transition to medullary venules at the corticomedullary junction. The medullary venules condense and return centripetally to the hilar vein. venule of medulla of lymph node medullary venule of lymph node Medullary venules are a continuation of high endothelial venules which condense repeatedly in the interfollicular cortex and peripheral deep cortical unit and then transition to medullary venules at the corticomedullary junction. The medullary venules condense and return centripetally to the hilar vein. PMID:17067937 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A venule that is part of a lymph node. lymph node venule venule of lymph node A venule that is part of a lymph node. PMID:17067937 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An arteriole that is part of a lymph node. lymph node arteriole arteriole of lymph node An arteriole that is part of a lymph node. PMID:17067937 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A submucosal gland located in a bronchus. airway submucosal gland bronchial submucosal gland submucosal bronchial gland submucosal bronchus gland bronchus submucosal gland A submucosal gland located in a bronchus. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A vein that is part of a vermiform appendix. vein of appendix vermiformis vein of vermiform appendix vein of appendix A vein that is part of a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An artery that is part of a vermiform appendix. artery of appendix vermiformis artery of vermiform appendix artery of appendix An artery that is part of a vermiform appendix. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A venule located in the colon. venule of colon A venule located in the colon. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. anorectal canal anorectum A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-26938-2_8 DOI:10.1148/rg.2015150037 PMID:29742860 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-8770 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphatic vessel located in the colon. lymphatic vessel of colon A lymphatic vessel located in the colon. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A capillary that is part of the anorectum. blood vessel capillary of anorectum capillary of anorectum A capillary that is part of the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A capillary that is part of the colon. blood vessel capillary of colon capillary of colon A capillary that is part of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A capillary that is part of a small intestine. 2021-12-21T15:14:31Z blood vessel capillary of small intestine small intestine capillary capillary of small intestine A capillary that is part of a small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A submucosal gland found in a respiratory tract. 2022-03-24T14:21:59Z EFO:0010666 respiratory tract submucosal gland submucosal gland of respiratory tract airway submucosal gland A submucosal gland found in a respiratory tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 Red bone marrow located in the sternum. sternum red bone marrow red bone marrow of sternum Red bone marrow located in the sternum. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833 Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins. microvasculature microvessel blood microvessel Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins. Wikipedia:Microcirculation http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 One or a subset of adjacent layers of the neocortex. laminar subdivision of the cortex One or a subset of adjacent layers of the neocortex. ISBN-10:0-87893-742-0 Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). noradrenergic cell groups Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). WikipediaVersioned:Noradrenergic_cell_groups&oldid=965992184 An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. excretory system An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. GO:0007588 Blood located in the placenta. 2022-04-04T11:06:09Z placental blood Blood located in the placenta. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-0902 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53254/ A lymph node with a lymph center located within the caudal abdomen and pelvis, on the ventral side of the lumbar region. Includes the medial iliac, internal iliac (previously termed hypogastric) and sacral lymph nodes. 2022-05-26T11:59:51Z sublumbar lymph node A lymph node with a lymph center located within the caudal abdomen and pelvis, on the ventral side of the lumbar region. Includes the medial iliac, internal iliac (previously termed hypogastric) and sacral lymph nodes. NCIT:C77655 PMID:32655159 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac vein. 2022-06-17T14:34:50Z iliac vein smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac vein. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A capillary that is part of the brain. 2022-06-24T09:28:31Z capillary of brain A capillary that is part of the brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta. 2022-06-24T09:30:54Z thoracic aorta smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the thoracic aorta. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac artery. 2022-06-24T09:32:07Z iliac artery smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac artery. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 An endothelium that is part of an iliac vein. 2022-06-24T09:33:18Z iliac vein endothelium An endothelium that is part of an iliac vein. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 An endothelium that is part of the placental artery. 2022-06-24T09:34:25Z placental artery endothelium An endothelium that is part of the placental artery. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 Lymphatic vessel that is part of the mesentery. 2022-06-24T09:35:29Z mesenteric lymphatic vessel Lymphatic vessel that is part of the mesentery. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 An artery that is part of the placenta. 2022-06-24T11:25:24Z placental artery An artery that is part of the placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A vein that is part of the placenta. 2022-06-27T09:30:52Z placental vein A vein that is part of the placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A zone of skin that is part of the sacral region. 2022-08-29T14:14:27Z skin of sacral region A zone of skin that is part of the sacral region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A zone of skin that is above the clavicle zone in the pectoral girdle region. 2022-08-29T14:17:12Z skin of clavicle region A zone of skin that is above the clavicle zone in the pectoral girdle region. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A zone of skin that is above the iliac crest in the pelvic girdle bone/zone. 2022-08-29T14:19:16Z skin of posterior iliac crest region skin of iliac crest region A zone of skin that is above the iliac crest in the pelvic girdle bone/zone. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A zone of skin that is part of the external genitalia. 2022-08-30T06:55:06Z skin of external genitalia A zone of skin that is part of the external genitalia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A zone of skin that is part of the breast. 2022-08-29T14:03:54Z skin of breast A zone of skin that is part of the breast. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 Subserosa that is part of the uterine tube. It contains loose connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatic tissue. 2022-10-21T08:55:11Z subserosa of fallopian tube subserosa of oviduct subserosa of uterine tube Subserosa that is part of the uterine tube. It contains loose connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatic tissue. ISBN:9783662026762 PMID:30095490 subserosa of fallopian tube PMID:30095490 subserosa of oviduct PMID:34440264 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a saphenous vein. 2023-08-31T11:41:09Z saphenous vein smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a saphenous vein. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 The region at each side of the face comprising the temple and the cheek. 2023-09-18T06:03:43Z This term is used to map the tissue from which the Muraoka cell line (CVCL_E042) originates. temporofacial region The region at each side of the face comprising the temple and the cheek. PMID:28448262 This term is used to map the tissue from which the Muraoka cell line (CVCL_E042) originates. PMID:1357816 A zone of skin part of some gonad. 2023-08-29T10:24:24Z skin of gonad A zone of skin part of some gonad. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0473 A muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). 2023-02-16T10:17:46Z visceral muscle It is quite common to refer to visceral muscles as smooth muscles, by analogy with vertebrates; however, most visceral muscles in arthropods are actually striated. visceral muscle tissue A muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). BTO:0002780 CLAO:0001295 visceral muscle BTO:0002780 It is quite common to refer to visceral muscles as smooth muscles, by analogy with vertebrates; however, most visceral muscles in arthropods are actually striated. FBbt:00005070 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle PMID:8720463 A striated muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). 2023-02-16T10:34:43Z striated visceral muscle tissue visceral striated muscle tissue A striated muscle tissue that is associated with soft internal organs (viscera). PMID:8720463 https://pressbooks.pub/rbtallitsch/chapter/chapter-6-muscle-tissue/ A spherical or tubular structure in a submucosal gland that produces and secretes mucus and other substances into the ducts leading to the surface epithelium. 2023-05-02T08:57:27Z submucosal gland acinus A spherical or tubular structure in a submucosal gland that produces and secretes mucus and other substances into the ducts leading to the surface epithelium. PMID:17394068 PMID:17707699 PMID:25648514 PMID:30864819 A discrete anatomical unit of the lung that is composed of a segmental bronchus and the lung tissue supplied by that bronchus. A bronchopulmonary segment exhibits a pyramidal shape, with its apex pointing towards the center of the lung and its base toward the pleural surface. 2023-07-20T12:43:29Z lung segment A bronchopulmonary segment is surrounded by connective tissue septa, which are continuous with the pleural surface and prevent air collateralization between segments somewhat. In humans, the right lung has ten bronchopulmonary segments and eight or nine bronchopulmonary segments in the left lung. bronchopulmonary segment A discrete anatomical unit of the lung that is composed of a segmental bronchus and the lung tissue supplied by that bronchus. A bronchopulmonary segment exhibits a pyramidal shape, with its apex pointing towards the center of the lung and its base toward the pleural surface. FMA:7312 PMID:18271171 PMID:33620799 doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.09.022 lung segment PMID:33620799 A bronchopulmonary segment is surrounded by connective tissue septa, which are continuous with the pleural surface and prevent air collateralization between segments somewhat. In humans, the right lung has ten bronchopulmonary segments and eight or nine bronchopulmonary segments in the left lung. PMID:18271171 doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.09.022 A regulatory system of the body that integrates the nervous system and the endocrine system. This system is formed by specialized neuroendocrine cells located mainly in the nervous system and neuroendocrine glands. However, they can also be found as either single cells or small clusters of cells dispersed throughout the surface epithelium of different tissues. The neuroendocrine system functions through the release of neurotransmitters and neurohormones, enabling communication between the endocrine and nervous systems to govern vitally important processes that include growth, reproduction, metabolism and energy homeostasis, electrolyte and water balance, and responses to stress. 2023-08-29T10:49:45Z NES In vertebrates, the hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axis (H-P axis), the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the diffuse neuroendocrine or APUD system contribute to the neuroendocrine system. neuroendocrine system A regulatory system of the body that integrates the nervous system and the endocrine system. This system is formed by specialized neuroendocrine cells located mainly in the nervous system and neuroendocrine glands. However, they can also be found as either single cells or small clusters of cells dispersed throughout the surface epithelium of different tissues. The neuroendocrine system functions through the release of neurotransmitters and neurohormones, enabling communication between the endocrine and nervous systems to govern vitally important processes that include growth, reproduction, metabolism and energy homeostasis, electrolyte and water balance, and responses to stress. PMID:15481802 PMID:17003257 PMID:25905254 Wikipedia:endocrinology doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-375097-6.10001-0 NES PMID:15481802 In vertebrates, the hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axis (H-P axis), the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the diffuse neuroendocrine or APUD system contribute to the neuroendocrine system. PMID:15481802 A blood vessel that is part of the chorionic plate. 2023-09-14T09:09:36Z chorionic plate blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of the chorionic plate. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53254/ A stroma that is part of a chorionic villus (placental villus). A placental villous stroma supports the fetal capillaries and villous trophoblast. 2023-07-04T10:46:17Z chorionic villous stroma CVS placental villous stroma A stroma that is part of a chorionic villus (placental villus). A placental villous stroma supports the fetal capillaries and villous trophoblast. PMID:31512233 chorionic villous stroma PMID:12624135 CVS PMID:12624135 A venule that is part of a lung and drains oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillaries. A pulmonary venule merges into a pulmonary vein branch that runs in the pulmonary interlobular septa. 2023-10-24T11:26:27Z pulmonary venule A venule that is part of a lung and drains oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillaries. A pulmonary venule merges into a pulmonary vein branch that runs in the pulmonary interlobular septa. PMID:22283705 PMID:30247823 A lamina propria that is part of a jejunum. 2024-01-09T16:36:35Z jejunal lamina propria lamina propria of jejunum jejunum lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of a jejunum. PMID:9394954 jejunal lamina propria PMID:1556433 lamina propria of jejunum PMID:22763879 A lamina propria that is part of an ileum. 2024-01-09T16:48:17Z ileal lamina propria lamina propria of ileum ileum lamina propria A lamina propria that is part of an ileum. PMID:29316348 ileal lamina propria PMID:37467267 lamina propria of ileum PMID:36067905 A disc-shaped structure that is part of the placenta. A placental disc supports fetal development through the exchange of nutrients between maternal and fetal bloodstreams. The placental disc is structured to keep the blood streams separate, while maximizing surface area for the transport of nutrients between them, to maintain an immunological barrier. 2024-01-16T17:50:20Z placental disk placental disc A disc-shaped structure that is part of the placenta. A placental disc supports fetal development through the exchange of nutrients between maternal and fetal bloodstreams. The placental disc is structured to keep the blood streams separate, while maximizing surface area for the transport of nutrients between them, to maintain an immunological barrier. PMID:35496035 placental disk PMID:30133439 A mesenchyme that is part of a chorionic villus. 2024-01-16T18:13:12Z chorionic villous mesenchyme A mesenchyme that is part of a chorionic villus. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84725-8 A lymphatic vessel that is part of an endometrium. 2024-01-16T18:18:36Z endometrial lymphatic vessel A lymphatic vessel that is part of an endometrium. PMID:23054374 example to be eventually removed The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job failed exploratory term Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting placeholder removed terms merged term imported term split universal A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal defined class A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expression Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. to be replaced with external ontology term A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. requires discussion The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. out of scope 2 1 2