For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
part of
part of
part_of
Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2.
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has part
has part
has_part
realized in
realizes
X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
is preceded by
takes place after
preceded by
preceded_by
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
precedes
precedes
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs in
occurs in
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
contains process
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
is about
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
has_specified_input
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is_specified_input_of
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is_specified_output_of
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
achieves_planned_objective
This relation obtains between a a objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
objective_achieved_by
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
inheres in
inheres in
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
bearer of
bearer of
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates in
participates_in
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
has participant
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
role of
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has role
has role
has_role
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives from
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives into
A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
has regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
has negative regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
has positive regulatory component activity
has component activity
w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
has component process
directly regulated by
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
directly negatively regulated by
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
directly positively regulated by
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
has effector activity
ends after
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
directly preceded by
is directly preceded by
is immediately preceded by
starts_at_end_of
immediately preceded by
immediately_preceded_by
immediately precedes
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
overlaps
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
has component
has component
has_component
process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
regulates
regulates
regulates (processual)
Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
negatively regulates
negatively regulates
Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
positively regulates
positively regulates
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
capable of
capable of
capable_of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
capable of part of
temporally related to
Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with.
starts
starts with
Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with.
inverse of ends with
finishes
ends
ends
ends with
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
has output
Any relationship between an exposure event or process and any other entity.
related via exposure to
c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
acts upstream of
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
affects
acts upstream of or within
causally upstream of, positive effect
causally upstream of, negative effect
A relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causally effects an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event.
has exposure stimulus
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
inheres in part of
inheres in part of
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
mereotopologically related to
enables
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
functionally related to
functionally related to
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
part of structure that is capable of
part of structure that is capable of
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
involved in
inverse of enables
enabled by
inverse of regulates
regulated by
inverse of negatively regulates
negatively regulated by
inverse of positively regulates
positively regulated by
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member of
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
has member
has member
inverse of has input
input of
inverse of has output
output of
inverse of upstream of
causally downstream of
immediately causally downstream of
This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes
causally related to
p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain
causally upstream of
p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q.
immediately causally upstream of
p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q.
affects
causally upstream of or within
inverse of causally upstream of or within
causally downstream of or within
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
involved in regulation of
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
involved in positive regulation of
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
involved in negative regulation of
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
involved in or involved in regulation of
c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
enables activity in
is active in
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
in pairwise interaction with
interacts with
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
molecularly interacts with
phosphorylates
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B.
A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.
molecularly controls
directly regulates activity of
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B.
For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
molecularly decreases activity of
directly negatively regulates activity of
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B.
For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
molecularly increases activity of
directly positively regulates activity of
helper property (not for use in curation)
p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
has part that occurs in
is kinase activity
relation between physical entity and a process or stage
x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y).
existence starts during or after
existence ends during or before
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
causal agent in process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q.
causal relation between processes
depends on
causal relation between entities
causally influenced by
interaction relation helper property
molecular interaction relation helper property
The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).
causally influences
A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute.
has modifier
Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
directly regulates
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
has part structure that is capable of
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
causal relation between material entity and a process
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
capable of regulating
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
capable of negatively regulating
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
capable of positively regulating
Inverse of 'causal agent in process'
process has causal agent
Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2.
directly positively regulates
Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2.
directly negatively regulates
Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.
enables subfunction
acts upstream of or within, positive effect
acts upstream of or within, negative effect
c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
acts upstream of, positive effect
c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
acts upstream of, negative effect
causally upstream of or within, negative effect
causally upstream of or within, positive effect
The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B.
regulates activity of
has functional parent
has parent hydride
is conjugate acid of
is conjugate base of
is substituent group from
interacts_with
interacts_with_an_exposure_receptor_via
interacts_with_an_exposure stressor_via
q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale.
decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to
q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale.
different_in_magnitude_relative_to
q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale.
increased_in_magnitude_relative_to
q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e.
reciprocal_of
entity
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
occurrent
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
process
process
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
quality
quality
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
specifically dependent continuant
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
role
fiat object
fiat object part
object
object
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
generically dependent continuant
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
material entity
immaterial entity
anatomical entity
material anatomical entity
immaterial anatomical entity
biological entity
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
electron
Elektron
beta
beta(-)
beta-particle
e
e(-)
e-
negatron
electron
Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system
endocrine disrupting chemical
endocrine disrupting chemicals
endocrine disrupting compound
endocrine disrupting compounds
endocrine disruptors
endocrine-disrupting chemical
endocrine-disrupting chemicals
hormonally active agent
hormonally active agents
endocrine disruptor
A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
inorganic acids
mineral acid
mineral acids
inorganic acid
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
gas molecular entities
gaseous molecular entities
gaseous molecular entity
gas molecular entity
An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.
alpha-hydroxy ketones
alpha-hydroxy-ketone
alpha-hydroxy-ketones
alpha-hydroxyketone
alpha-hydroxyketones
alpha-hydroxy ketone
An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketones
tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketone
tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketones
tertiary alpha-hydroxyketone
tertiary alpha-hydroxyketones
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
a tetracycline
a tetracycline zwittterion
Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting.
emetics
emetic
A molecular entity that can transfer an electron to another molecular entity.
electron donor
Elektronendonator
donneur d'electron
electron donor
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
Acceptor
A
Akzeptor
Hydrogen-acceptor
Oxidized donor
accepteur
acceptor
A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
ACETIC ACID
Acetic acid
acetic acid
AcOH
CH3-COOH
CH3CO2H
E 260
E-260
E260
Essigsaeure
Ethanoic acid
Ethylic acid
HOAc
INS No. 260
MeCO2H
MeCOOH
Methanecarboxylic acid
acide acetique
ethoic acid
acetic acid
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
WATER
Water
oxidane
water
BOUND WATER
H2O
HOH
Wasser
[OH2]
acqua
agua
aqua
dihydridooxygen
dihydrogen oxide
eau
hydrogen hydroxide
water
dioxygen
Disauerstoff
E 948
E-948
E948
O2
OXYGEN MOLECULE
Oxygen
[OO]
dioxygene
molecular oxygen
dioxygen
A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
Primary alcohol
1-Alcohol
a primary alcohol
primary alcohols
primary alcohol
A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.
formate
HCO2 anion
aminate
formiate
formic acid, ion(1-)
formylate
hydrogen carboxylate
methanoate
formate
A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom.
halide ions
HX
Halide
a halide anion
halide anions
halide(1-)
halides
halogen anion
halide anion
hydridooxygenate(1-)
hydroxide
oxidanide
HO-
HYDROXIDE ION
Hydroxide ion
OH(-)
OH-
hydroxide
A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom.
haloacetic acid
A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
dioxidocarbon
methanedione
CO2
E 290
E-290
E290
R-744
[CO2]
carbonic anhydride
carbon dioxide
An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.
FORMALDEHYDE
Formaldehyde
formaldehyde
FORMALIN
Formaldehyd
Formalin
Methanal
Methylene oxide
Oxomethane
Oxomethylene
formaldehyde
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
Ketone
ketones
Keton
R-CO-R'
a ketone
cetone
ketones
ketone
A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide
carbon monooxide
carbon monoxide
carbon(II) oxide
C#O
CO
[CO]
carbon monoxide
A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.
Aldehyde
aldehyde
aldehydes
Aldehyd
RC(=O)H
RCHO
aldehido
aldehidos
aldehydes
aldehydum
an aldehyde
aldehyde
A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).
RX
organic halide
organic halides
organohalogen compounds
organohalogen compound
A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
Hydrogen chloride
chlorane
chloridohydrogen
hydrogen chloride
Chlorwasserstoff
HCl
Hydrochloride
Hydrogenchlorid
Wasserstoffchlorid
[HCl]
chlorure d'hydrogene
cloruro de hidrogeno
hydrochloric acid
hydrogen chloride
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
Donor
Donator
donneur
donor
A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.
Chloride
chloride
chloride(1-)
CHLORIDE ION
Chloride ion
Chloride(1-)
Chlorine anion
Cl(-)
Cl-
chloride
'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
Lipid
lipids
lipid
hydrogen halide
hydrogen halides
HX
hydrogen halides
hydrogen halide
An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
acyl group
alkanoyl
acyl groups
alkanoyl group
groupe acyle
acyl group
Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis(dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins
aflatoxins
aflatoxin
alkali metals
Alkalimetall
Alkalimetalle
alkali metal
metal alcalin
metal alcalino
metales alcalinos
metaux alcalins
alkali metal atom
Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
alkylating agent
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
Anion
anion
Anionen
aniones
anions
anion
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
Base
base
Base1
Base2
Basen
Nucleobase
bases
base
cadmium
48Cd
Cd
Kadmium
cadmio
cadmium
cadmium atom
cadmium compounds
cadmium molecular entities
cadmium molecular entity
carbon oxides
oxides of carbon
carbon oxide
carbonyl
carbonyl group
>C=O
carbonyl group
chloride salts
chlorides
chloride salt
chlorine
17Cl
Chlor
Cl
chlore
chlorine
chlorum
cloro
chlorine atom
A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.
chlorine molecular entity
A haloacetate(1-) resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of chloroacetic acid.
chloroacetate
Chloroacetic acid ion(1-)
chloroacetate anion
chloroacetate(1-)
mono-chloroacetate
monochloroacetate anion
monochloroacetic acid anion
chloroacetate
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
cofactor
cofactors
cofactor
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
molecular entity
entidad molecular
entidades moleculares
entite moleculaire
molecular entities
molekulare Entitaet
molecular entity
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
drugs
medicine
drug
monoatomic anions
monoatomic anion
monoatomic cations
monoatomic cation
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
enzyme inhibitor
enzyme inhibitors
inhibidor enzimatico
inhibidores enzimaticos
inhibiteur enzymatique
inhibiteurs enzymatiques
enzyme inhibitor
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.
glucocorticoids
glucocorticoid
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
chemical entity
chemical entity
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
biological function
biological role
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
group
Gruppe
Rest
groupe
grupo
grupos
group
halogen molecular entity
halogen compounds
halogen molecular entities
halogen molecular entity
halogen
halogens
Halogene
group 17 elements
group VII elements
halogene
halogenes
halogeno
halogenos
halogen
A substance used to destroy plant pests.
Herbizid
Unkrautbekaempfungsmittel
Unkrautvertilgungsmittel
Wildkrautbekaempfungsmittel
herbicides
herbicide
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
organic heterocycle
organic heterocyclic compounds
organic heterocyclic compound
Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.
endocrine
hormones
hormone
A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.
hydrocarbon
hydrocarbons
Kohlenwasserstoff
Kohlenwasserstoffe
hidrocarburo
hidrocarburos
hydrocarbure
hydrocarbon
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
hydroxides
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
oxoacid
oxoacids
oxacids
oxiacids
oxo acid
oxy-acids
oxyacids
oxoacid
inorganic anions
inorganic anion
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
anorganische Verbindungen
inorganic compounds
inorganic entity
inorganic molecular entities
inorganics
inorganic molecular entity
anorganisches Salz
inorganic salts
inorganic salt
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
salt
Salz
Salze
ionic compound
ionic compounds
sal
sales
salts
sel
sels
salt
monoatomic ions
monoatomic ion
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Ion
ion
Ionen
iones
ions
ion
mercury
80Hg
Hg
Quecksilber
azogue
hydrargyrum
liquid silver
mercure
mercurio
mercury
quicksilver
mercury atom
mercury compounds
mercury molecular entities
mercury molecular entity
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
metabolite
metabolites
primary metabolites
secondary metabolites
metabolite
a metal cation
metal cations
metal cation
mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors
mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor
mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
homoatomic molecule
homoatomic molecules
elemental molecule
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
molecule
Molekuel
molecula
molecules
neutral molecular compounds
molecule
An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
monocarboxylic acids
monocarboxylic acid
monoatomic monocations
monovalent inorganic cations
monoatomic monocation
An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution.
mutagene
mutagenes
mutagenic agent
mutageno
mutagenos
mutagens
mutagen
Poisonous substance produced by fungi.
fungal toxins
mycotoxins
mycotoxin
An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.
neurotransmitters
neurotransmitter
nitrogen
7N
N
Stickstoff
azote
nitrogen
nitrogeno
nitrogen atom
nonmetal
Nichtmetall
Nichtmetalle
no metal
no metales
non-metal
non-metaux
nonmetal
nonmetals
nonmetal atom
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
organic anions
organic anion
Any organic ion with a net positive charge.
organic cations
organic cation
organic ions
organic ion
An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom.
organic oxides
organic oxide
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
oxide
oxides
oxide
oxygen
8O
O
Sauerstoff
oxigeno
oxygen
oxygene
oxygen atom
oxygen molecular entity
oxygen molecular entities
oxygen molecular entity
Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.
pesticide
Pestizid
Pestizide
pesticides
pesticide
Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.
polyketide
polyketides
polyketide
sodium
11Na
Na
Natrium
natrium
sodio
sodium
sodium atom
An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.
sodium chloride
Kochsalz
NaCl
Natriumchlorid
chlorure de sodium
cloruro sodico
common salt
halite
natrii chloridum
rock salt
salt
table salt
sodium chloride
sodium compounds
sodium molecular entities
sodium molecular entity
Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.
Natriumsalz
Natriumsalze
sodium salts
sodium salt
Any steroid that acts as hormone.
Steroidhormon
Steroidhormone
hormona esteroide
hormonas esteroideas
hormone steroide
hormones steroides
steroid hormones
steroid hormone
A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.
tertiary alcohol
tertiary alcohols
tertiary alcohol
A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.
tetracyclines
Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.
toxin
toxins
toxin
Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
micronutrients
trace elements
micronutrient
An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.
transition element
Uebergangselement
Uebergangsmetalle
metal de transicion
metal de transition
metales de transicion
metaux de transition
transition element
transition elements
transition metal
transition metals
transition element atom
A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
univalent acyl group
univalent carboacyl groups
univalent carboxylic acyl groups
univalent carboacyl group
A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).
zwitterion
zwitterions
compose zwitterionique
compuestos zwitterionicos
zwitteriones
zwitterionic compounds
zwitterion
carbon
6C
C
Carbon
Kohlenstoff
carbon
carbone
carbonium
carbono
carbon atom
A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.
Chloroacetic acid
chloroacetic acid
2-chloro-acetic acid
2-chloro-ethanoic acid
2-chloroacetic acid
Acide chloracetique
Acide chloroacetique
Acide monochloracetique
CAA
Chloroethanoic acid
Monochloressigsaeure
alpha-chloro-acetic acid
chloracetic acid
monochloroacetic acid
monochloroethanoic acid
chloroacetic acid
A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.
(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
TETRACYCLINE
Tetracycline
tetracycline
(4S,4aS,5aS,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide
Abramycin
Achromycin
Anhydrotetracycline
Deschlorobiomycin
Liquamycin
Tetracyclin
Tetrazyklin
Tsiklomitsin
tetracycline
tetracyclinum
tetracycline
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
a carboxylate
carboxylic acid anions
carboxylic anions
carboxylic acid anion
A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium.
sodium cation
sodium(1+)
sodium(1+) ion
sodium(I) cation
Na(+)
Na+
SODIUM ION
sodium(1+)
aquahydrogen(1+)
oxidanium
oxonium
trihydridooxygen(1+)
H3O(+)
Hydronium cation
Hydronium ion
[OH3](+)
oxonium
dioxidenium
hydridodioxygen(1+)
HO2(+)
HOO(+)
[HO2](+)
hydridodioxygen(1+)
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid.
acetate
ACETATE ION
Azetat
CH3-COO(-)
Ethanoat
MeCO2 anion
acetic acid, ion(1-)
ethanoate
acetate
The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.
FORMIC ACID
Formic acid
formic acid
Acide formique
Ameisensaeure
H-COOH
HCO2H
HCOOH
Methanoic acid
aminic acid
bilorin
formylic acid
hydrogen carboxylic acid
methoic acid
formic acid
A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
Alcohol
alcohols
an alcohol
alcohol
An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.
tetracene
2,3-benzanthracene
benz[b]anthracene
naphthacene
tetracene
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
application
A particle not known to have substructure.
elementary particle
elementary particles
fundamental particle
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
atomic entity
monoatomic entities
monoatomic entity
inorganic hydrides
inorganic hydride
An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.
organic fundamental parents
organic parent hydrides
organic fundamental parent
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
inorganic groups
inorganic group
Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
organic groups
organic group
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.
organyl group
organyl groups
groupe organyle
grupo organilo
grupos organilo
organyl group
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
atom
atome
atomo
atoms
atomus
element
elements
atom
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
nucleus
Atomkern
Kern
noyau
noyau atomique
nuclei
nucleo
nucleo atomico
nucleus atomi
atomic nucleus
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
nucleon
Nukleon
Nukleonen
nucleons
nucleon
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
homoatomic entity
homoatomic molecular entities
homoatomic molecular entity
elemental molecular entity
elemental oxygen
diatomic oxygen
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic anions
polyatomic anion
chemical messenger
molecular messenger
A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
Antibiotika
Antibiotikum
antibiotic
antibiotics
antibiotique
antimicrobial
antimicrobial agents
antimicrobials
microbicide
microbicides
antimicrobial agent
A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
antibacterial agents
antibacterials
bactericide
bactericides
antibacterial agent
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
nutrients
nutrient
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
heteroorganic entities
organoelement compounds
heteroorganic entity
Any material that can be ingested by an organism.
food material
food materials
food role
foods
foodstuff
foodstuffs
food
An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy.
fuel
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.
alkali metal molecular entities
alkali metal molecular entity
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
pnictogens
group 15 elements
group V elements
nitrogenoideos
nitrogenoides
pnictogene
pnictogenes
pnictogen
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
pnictogen molecular entity
pnictogen molecular entities
pnictogen molecular entity
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
chalcogen
chalcogens
Chalkogen
Chalkogene
anfigeno
anfigenos
calcogeno
calcogenos
chalcogene
chalcogenes
group 16 elements
group VI elements
chalcogen
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
chalcogen molecular entity
chalcogen compounds
chalcogen molecular entities
chalcogen molecular entity
group 14 elements
carbon group element
carbon group elements
carbonoides
cristallogene
cristallogenes
group IV elements
carbon group element atom
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
main group elements
Hauptgruppenelement
Hauptgruppenelemente
main group element
main group element atom
group 12 elements
zinc group element
zinc group elements
zinc group element atom
A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
hydracid
hydracids
hydracid
monoatomic monoanions
monoatomic monoanion
elemental chlorine
atomic chlorine
monoatomic chlorine
monoatomic halogens
monoatomic halogen
elemental halogen
elemental halogens
elemental halogen
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.
transition element molecular entities
transition metal molecular entity
transition element molecular entity
alkali metal cations
alkali metal cation
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
elemental metal
elemental metals
metal element
metal elements
metals
metal atom
s-block element
s-block elements
s-block element atom
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
p-block element
p-block elements
p-block element atom
d-block element
d-block elements
d-block element atom
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
carboxylic acid
carboxylic acids
Carbonsaeure
Carbonsaeuren
Karbonsaeure
RC(=O)OH
acide carboxylique
acides carboxyliques
acido carboxilico
acidos carboxilicos
carboxylic acid
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
main group compounds
main group molecular entities
main group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entities
carbon group molecular entity
Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
cyclic compounds
cyclic compound
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.
homocyclic compound
homocyclic compounds
isocyclic compounds
homocyclic compound
A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
carbocyclic compound
carbocyclic compounds
carbocycle
carbocyclic compound
hydrogen compounds
hydrogen molecular entities
hydrogen molecular entity
polycyclic compounds
polycyclic compound
A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.
ortho-fused polycyclic compounds
ortho-fused compounds
ortho-fused compound
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
aromatic compounds
aromatic molecular entity
aromatics
aromatische Verbindungen
aromatic compound
Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
arene
arenes
aromatic hydrocarbons
arene
organic aromatic compounds
organic aromatic compound
cyclic hydrocarbon
cyclic hydrocarbons
cyclic hydrocarbon
polycyclic hydrocarbon
polycyclic hydrocarbons
polycyclic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.
heteropolycyclic compounds
polyheterocyclic compounds
heteropolycyclic compound
zinc group molecular entities
zinc group molecular entity
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
s-block molecular entity
s-block compounds
s-block molecular entities
s-block molecular entity
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
p-block compounds
p-block molecular entities
p-block molecular entitiy
p-block molecular entity
A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.
d-block molecular entity
d-block compounds
d-block molecular entities
d-block molecular entity
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
hydrides
oxygen hydride
hydrides of oxygen
oxygen hydrides
oxygen hydride
An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
hydroxy compounds
organic alcohol
organic hydroxy compounds
organic hydroxy compound
Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
organic cyclic compounds
organic cyclic compound
benzenoid aromatic compounds
benzenoid compound
benzenoid aromatic compound
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
PAH
PAHs
polycyclic arenes
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
polycyclic arene
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
reagent
reactif
reactivo
reagents
reagent
Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
macronutrients
macronutrient
halide salts
halides
halide salt
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
inhibitor
inhibidor
inhibiteur
inhibitors
inhibitor
fused compounds
fused polycyclic compounds
fused-ring polycyclic compound
fused-ring polycyclic compounds
polycyclic fused-ring compounds
fused compound
A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
carbopolycyclic compounds
carbopolycyclic compound
homopolycyclic compounds
homopolycyclic compound
ortho-fused polycyclic arenes
ortho-fused polycyclic arene
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.
acene
acenes
Acen
Azen
polyacenes
acene
Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene, so may be considered as triterpenoids.
Steroid
steroids
a steroid
steroid
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
oxoanion
oxoacid anions
oxoanions
oxoanion
ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon
ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbons
ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon
A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases.
anti-infective agents
anti-infective drugs
antiinfective agents
antiinfective drug
antiinfective agent
A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
antiparasitic drugs
antiparasitics
parasiticides
antiparasitic agent
A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.
anti-inflammatory drugs
antiinflammatory agent
antiinflammatory drug
antiinflammatory drugs
anti-inflammatory drug
alkali metal salts
alkali metal salt
A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
cardiovascular agent
cardiovascular drugs
cardiovascular drug
carbon oxoacids
oxoacids of carbon
carbon oxoacid
A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
vasodilator
vasodilator agents
vasodilator agent
A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated.
Carboxylate
Monocarboxylate
a monocarboxylate
monocarboxylates
monocarboxylic acid anions
monocarboxylic acid anion
Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections.
antiprotozoal agent
antiprotozoal agents
antiprotozoal drugs
antiprotozoal drug
A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections.
antimicrobial drugs
antimicrobial drug
A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
antibacterial drugs
antibacterial drug
inorganic chloride salt
inorganic chloride salts
inorganic chlorides
inorganic chloride
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin).
leptons
lepton
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy).
baryons
baryon
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
fermion
fermions
fermion
A particle smaller than an atom.
subatomic particles
subatomic particle
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
composite particles
composite particle
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
hadrons
hadron
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
nuclear particle
nuclear particle
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic entities
polyatomic entity
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic ions
polyatomic ion
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
carbonyl compounds
carbonyl compound
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
oxo compounds
organic oxo compounds
organic oxo compound
An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
organochlorine compound
an organochlorine molecule
chloroorganic compounds
chlororganische Verbindungen
organochloride
organochloride compound
organochloride compounds
organochlorides
organochlorine compounds
organochlorine compound
A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.
chlorocarboxylic acids
chlorocarboxylic acid
Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.
adrenal cortex hormones
corticosteroid hormones
corticosteroid hormone
monoanions
monoanion
chalcogen hydride
chalcogen hydrides
chalcogen hydride
inorganic ions
inorganic ion
inorganic cations
inorganic cation
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
Cation
cation
Kation
Kationen
cationes
cations
cation
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
organochalcogen compound
organochalcogen compounds
organochalcogen compound
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
organooxygen compound
organooxygen compounds
organooxygen compound
organic hydrides
organic hydride
mononuclear parent hydrides
mononuclear hydride
mononuclear hydrides
mononuclear parent hydride
elemental sodium
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
Acid
acid
Saeure
Saeuren
acide
acido
acids
acid
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
chemical compound
heteroatomic molecular entities
heteroatomic molecular entity
Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.
halides
halide
A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
carboacyl groups
carboxylic acyl group
carboxylic acyl groups
carboacyl group
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.
heterocyclic organooxygen compounds
organooxygen heterocyclic compounds
oxacycles
oxacycle
organic heteropentacyclic compounds
organic heteropentacyclic compound
organic heteropolycyclic compounds
organic heteropolycyclic compound
electron-transport chain inhibitor
respiratory-chain inhibitor
An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1).
CcO inhibitor
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitor
EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitors
NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor
NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors
Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitor
Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitors
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors
cytochrome a3 inhibitor
cytochrome a3 inhibitors
cytochrome aa3 inhibitor
cytochrome aa3 inhibitors
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors
cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor
cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors
cytochrome oxidase inhibitor
cytochrome oxidase inhibitors
cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitor
cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors
ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitor
ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitors
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
indophenol oxidase inhibitor
indophenol oxidase inhibitors
indophenolase inhibitor
indophenolase inhibitors
mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor
mitochondrial complex IV inhibitors
mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
inorganic sodium salts
inorganic sodium salt
Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation.
anaesthetic
Anaesthetika
Anaesthetikum
anaesthetics
anesthetic agent
anesthetic drug
anesthetics
anaesthetic
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
Bronsted acid
Bronsted-Saeure
acide de Bronsted
donneur d'hydron
hydron donor
Bronsted acid
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
Bronsted base
Bronsted-Base
accepteur d'hydron
base de Bronsted
hydron acceptor
Bronsted base
FORMYL GROUP
aldehyde group
carbaldehyde
formyl
-CH(O)
-CHO
Fo
H-CO-
methanoyl
formyl group
HYDROXY GROUP
hydroxy
hydroxy group
-OH
hydroxyl
hydroxyl group
hydroxy group
OXO GROUP
oxo
=O
oxo group
In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').
mineral
Minerale
minerales
minerals
mineraux
mineral
A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition.
Loesungsmittel
solvant
solvents
solvent
CARBOXY GROUP
carboxy
-C(O)OH
-CO2H
-COOH
carboxyl group
carboxy group
Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc.
Indikator
indicator
A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein.
protein synthesis antagonist
protein synthesis antagonists
protein synthesis inhibitors
protein synthesis inhibitor
cyclopentafurofurochromenes
cyclopentafurofurochromene
An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity.
Desinfektionsmittel
desinfectant
disinfectants
disinfecting agent
disinfectant
A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds.
polar solvent
polar solvents
polar solvent
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
protogenic solvent
protic solvent
Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor.
protophilic solvent
HBA solvent
hydrogen bond acceptor solvent
protophilic solvent
Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases.
amphiprotic solvent
amphiprotic solvent
Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own.
agonist
agonista
agoniste
agonists
agonist
Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.
antagonist
antagonista
antagoniste
antagonists
antagonist
hydrogen
1H
H
Wasserstoff
hidrogeno
hydrogen
hydrogene
hydrogen atom
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances.
CYP2D6 inhbitor
CYP2D6 inhbitors
P450 inhibitors
cytochrome P450 inhibitor
cytochrome P450 inhibitors
P450 inhibitor
onium compound
Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.
onium cations
onium cations
onium ion
onium ions
onium cation
chloranium
chloronium
H2Cl(+)
[ClH2](+)
chloronium
A role played by a molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment.
probe
A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.
corticoides
corticosteroides
corticosteroids
corticosteroid
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
organic compounds
organic entity
organic molecular entities
organic molecular entity
A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells.
genotoxic agent
genotoxic agents
genotoxins
genotoxin
A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
agente carcinogeno
cancerigene
cancerogene
carcinogen
carcinogene
carcinogenic agents
carcinogeno
carcinogens
carcinogenic agent
A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
alergeno
allergene
allergenic agent
allergen
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
role
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
agente neurotoxico
nerve poison
nerve poisons
neurotoxic agent
neurotoxic agents
neurotoxicant
neurotoxins
neurotoxin
A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
hormone receptor modulators
hormone receptor modulator
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
chemical role
Nitrogenous compounds
nitrogen compounds
nitrogen molecular entities
nitrogen molecular entity
An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.
dipolar compounds
dipolar compound
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.
acenes
Compounds containing a tetracene skeleton.
naphthacenes
tetracenes
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
organodiyl groups
organodiyl group
organic divalent group
organic univalent group
organic polycyclic compounds
organic polycyclic compound
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
biochemical role
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
etiopathogenetic agent
etiopathogenetic role
aetiopathogenetic role
A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties.
pharmacological role
physiological role
Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes.
ligands
ligand
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
farmaco
medicament
pharmaceuticals
pharmaceutical
A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.
oxyketones
oxyketone
An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.
alpha-oxyketones
alpha-oxyketone
inorganic hydroxides
inorganic hydroxy compound
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
Heterocyclic compound
compuesto heterociclico
compuestos heterociclicos
heterocycle
heterocyclic compounds
heterocyclic compound
Conjugate acid of carbon monoxide arising from protonation of the carbon; major species at pH 7.3.
methylidyneoxonium
CO(1+)
methylidyneoxidanium
carbon monoxide(1+)
A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
biological marker
biomarker
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
Chemische Substanz
chemical substance
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.
a monovalent cation
monovalent inorganic cation
A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.
signal molecule
signal molecules
signaling molecule
signaling molecules
signalling molecules
signalling molecule
A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction.
oxidant
oxidants
oxidiser
oxidisers
oxidising agents
oxidizer
oxidizers
oxidizing agent
oxidizing agents
oxidising agent
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
food additives
food additive
A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents.
acidity regulator
acidity regulators
food acidity regulators
pH control agent
pH control agents
food acidity regulator
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
one-carbon compounds
one-carbon compound
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
organic acids
organic acid
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
poisonous agent
poisonous agents
poisonous substance
poisonous substances
poisons
toxic agent
toxic agents
toxic substance
toxic substances
poison
Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
food preservatives
food preservative
A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299).
antimicrobial food preservatives
antimicrobial preservative
antimicrobial preservatives
antimicrobial food preservative
Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
anti-inflammatory agents
antiinflammatory agent
antiinflammatory agents
anti-inflammatory agent
An organic anion that is the conjugate base of tetracycline obtained by deprotonation of the two enolic hydroxy groups and protonation of the tertiary amino group.
(1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,7,11-trihydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracene-2,5-diolate
tetracycline anion
tetracycline(1-)
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
organic compound
organic compounds
organic molecules
organic molecule
A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions.
adstringent
adstringents
astringents
astringent
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
eukaryotic metabolites
eukaryotic metabolite
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
animal metabolites
animal metabolite
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
mammalian metabolites
mammalian metabolite
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Mus musculus metabolite
Mus musculus metabolites
mouse metabolites
mouse metabolite
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
S. cerevisiae metabolite
S. cerevisiae metabolites
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
baker's yeast metabolite
baker's yeast metabolites
baker's yeast secondary metabolite
baker's yeast secondary metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
prokaryotic metabolites
prokaryotic metabolite
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.
greenhouse gases
greenhouse gas
A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans.
propellants
propellant
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*).
EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors
EC 1.* inhibitor
EC 1.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase inhibitor
oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*.*).
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* inhibitor
EC 1.9.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.14.*.*).
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors
EC 1.14.* inhibitor
EC 1.14.* inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitor of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitors
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.* inhibitor
EC 3.* inhibitors
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors
hydrolase inhibitor
hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.* inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using reduced flavin or flavoprotein as donor (EC 1.14.14.*).
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
An EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*).
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.* inhibitor
EC 1.9.3.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an unspecified monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1).
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.1 inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.1 inhibitors
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors
aryl-4-monooxygenase inhibitor
aryl-4-monooxygenase inhibitors
flavoprotein monooxygenase inhibitor
flavoprotein monooxygenase inhibitors
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitor
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitors
microsomal P-450 inhibitor
microsomal P-450 inhibitors
microsomal monooxygenase inhibitor
microsomal monooxygenase inhibitors
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitor
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitors
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitor
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitors
unspecific monooxygenase inhibitor
unspecific monooxygenase inhibitors
xenobiotic monooxygenase inhibitor
xenobiotic monooxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway.
metabolic pathway inhibitor
metabolic pathway inhibitors
pathway inhibitors
pathway inhibitor
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
fungal metabolites
fungal metabolite
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
bacterial metabolite
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
E.coli metabolite
E.coli metabolites
Escherichia coli metabolites
Escherichia coli metabolite
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
H. sapiens metabolite
H. sapiens metabolites
Homo sapiens metabolite
Homo sapiens metabolites
human metabolite
A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of tetracycline. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
(1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,5,7,11-tetrahydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracen-2-olate
tetracycline
tetracycline zwitterion
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors
acylamidase inhibitor
acylamidase inhibitors
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors
amidase inhibitor
amidase inhibitors
amidohydrolase inhibitor
amidohydrolase inhibitors
deaminase inhibitor
deaminase inhibitors
fatty acylamidase inhibitor
fatty acylamidase inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container.
food packaging gases
food packaging gas
A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container.
food propellants
food propellant
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
dietary component
dietary components
food components
food component
Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
environmental contaminants
environmental contaminant
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
refrigerants
refrigerant
Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire.
flame retardants
flame retardant
Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.
monovalent inorganic anions
monovalent inorganic anion
An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill.
crustacean metabolites
crustacean metabolite
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna.
Daphnia magna metabolites
Daphnia magna metabolite
A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia
Daphnia metabolites
Daphnia metabolite
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a haloacetic acid.
a haloacetate
haloacetate (1-)
haloacetate(1-)
A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors.
receptor modulators
receptor modulator
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to radiation.
radiation exposure
exposure to radiation
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to electromagnetic radiation.
electromagnetic radiation exposure
exposure to electromagnetic radiation
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to ultraviolet radiation.
ultraviolet radiation exposure
exposure to ultraviolet radiation
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to visible spectrum radiation.
visible spectrum radiation exposure
exposure to visible light radiation
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental material.
environmental material exposure
exposure to environmental material
An exposure to organic molecular entity.
exposure to organic molecular entity
exposure to organic compound
An exposure to organic cyclic compound.
exposure to organic cyclic compound
exposure to organic cyclic compound
An exposure to corticosteroid.
exposure to corticosteroid
exposure to corticosteroid
An exposure to lipid.
exposure to lipid
exposure to lipid
An exposure to carbon monoxide.
exposure to carbon monoxide
exposure to carbon monoxide
An exposure to chemical entity.
exposure to chemical entity
exposure to chemical
An exposure to steroid hormone.
exposure to steroid hormone
exposure to steroid hormone
An exposure to glucocorticoid.
exposure to glucocorticoid
exposure to glucocorticoid
An exposure to oxygen molecular entity.
exposure to oxygen molecular entity
exposure to oxygen molecular entity
An exposure to formaldehyde.
exposure to formaldehyde
exposure to formaldehyde
An exposure to transition element molecular entity.
exposure to transition element molecular entity
exposure to transition element
An exposure to biological role.
exposure to biological role
exposure to chemical with biological effect
An exposure to application.
exposure to application
exposure to chemical with application
An exposure to chemical role.
exposure to chemical role
exposure to chemical with chemical role
An exposure to alkylating agent.
exposure to alkylating agent
exposure to alkylating agent
An exposure to drug.
exposure to drug
exposure to drug
An exposure to herbicide.
exposure to herbicide
exposure to herbicide
An exposure to hormone.
exposure to hormone
exposure to hormone
An exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor.
exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
An exposure to mutagen.
exposure to mutagen
exposure to mutagen
An exposure to mycotoxin.
exposure to mycotoxin
exposure to mycotoxin
An exposure to neurotransmitter.
exposure to neurotransmitter
exposure to neurotransmitter
An exposure to pesticide.
exposure to pesticide
exposure to pesticide
An exposure to toxin.
exposure to toxin
exposure to toxin
An exposure to molecular messenger.
exposure to molecular messenger
exposure to molecular messenger
An exposure to antimicrobial agent.
exposure to antimicrobial agent
exposure to antimicrobial agent
An exposure to inhibitor.
exposure to inhibitor
exposure to inhibitor
An exposure to vasodilator agent.
exposure to vasodilator agent
exposure to vasodilator agent
An exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor.
exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
An exposure to Bronsted acid.
exposure to Bronsted acid
exposure to Bronsted acid
An exposure to disinfectant.
exposure to disinfectant
exposure to disinfectant
An exposure to agonist.
exposure to agonist
exposure to agonist
An exposure to P450 inhibitor.
exposure to P450 inhibitor
exposure to P450 inhibitor
An exposure to probe.
exposure to probe
exposure to probe
An exposure to genotoxin.
exposure to genotoxin
exposure to genotoxin
An exposure to carcinogenic agent.
exposure to carcinogenic agent
exposure to carcinogenic agent
An exposure to allergen.
exposure to allergen
exposure to allergen
An exposure to neurotoxin.
exposure to neurotoxin
exposure to neurotoxin
An exposure to ligand.
exposure to ligand
exposure to ligand
An exposure to biomarker.
exposure to biomarker
exposure to biomarker
An exposure to signalling molecule.
exposure to signalling molecule
exposure to signalling molecule
An exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor.
exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
An exposure to environmental contaminant.
exposure to environmental contaminant
exposure to environmental contaminant
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to temperature of environmental material.
temperature of environmental material exposure
exposure to temperature of environmental surroundings
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to temperature of air.
temperature of air exposure
exposure to temperature of air in surroundings
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of air.
exposure to decreased amount in temperature of air
exposure to decreased air temperature
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased temperature.
decreased temperature exposure
exposure to decreased temperature
An exposure event involving Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol Consumption exposure
exposure to alcohol consumption
An exposure to aflatoxin.
exposure to aflatoxin
exposure to aflatoxin
An exposure to organochlorine compound.
exposure to organochlorine compound
exposure to organochlorine compound
An exposure to cadmium molecular entity.
exposure to cadmium molecular entity
exposure to cadmium
An exposure to mercury molecular entity.
exposure to mercury molecular entity
exposure to mercury
An exposure event involving Occupation
Occupation exposure
exposure to occupation
An exposure to chloroacetic acid.
exposure to chloroacetic acid
exposure to chloroacetic acid
An exposure to steroid.
exposure to steroid
exposure to steroid
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to quality.
quality exposure
exposure to environmental quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to qualitative.
qualitative exposure
exposure to qualitative environmental quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to process quality.
process quality exposure
exposure to environmental process quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to physical object quality.
physical object quality exposure
exposure to environmental physical object quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to layer.
layer exposure
exposure to environmental layer
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental disposition.
environmental disposition exposure
exposure to environmental disposition
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to manufactured product.
manufactured product exposure
exposure to manufactured product
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental system.
environmental system exposure
exposure to environmental system
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to the condition of environmental condition.
environmental condition exposure
exposure to environmental condition
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to high temperature environment.
high temperature environment exposure
exposure to high temperature environment
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to high pressure environment.
high pressure environment exposure
exposure to high pressure environment
A history of exposure to root.
root exposure
exposure to organism
A history of exposure to Viruses.
Viruses exposure
exposure to virus
A history of exposure to Homo sapiens.
Homo sapiens exposure
exposure to humans
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to deviation (from_normal) of quality.
exposure to deviation (from_normal) in quality
exposure to change
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased temperature.
increased temperature exposure
exposure to increased temperature
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of salt.
exposure to increased amount in salt
exposure to increased salt
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of salt.
exposure to decreased amount in salt
exposure to decreased salt
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of pressure of air.
exposure to increased amount in pressure of air
exposure to increased air pressure
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased pressure.
increased pressure exposure
exposure to increased pressure
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased pressure.
decreased pressure exposure
exposure to decreased pressure
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to frozen of liquid water.
exposure to frozen in liquid water
exposure to freezing water
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to frozen of air.
exposure to frozen in air
exposure to freezing air
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of soil.
exposure to increased amount in temperature of soil
exposure to increased soil temperature
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of soil.
exposure to decreased amount in temperature of soil
exposure to decreased soil temperature
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of water.
exposure to increased amount in temperature of water
exposure to increased water temperature
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of water.
exposure to decreased amount in temperature of water
exposure to decreased water temperature
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of pressure of water.
exposure to decreased amount in pressure of water
exposure to decreased water pressure
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of air.
exposure to increased amount in temperature of air
exposure to increased air temperature
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of pressure of water.
exposure to increased amount in pressure of water
exposure to increased water pressure
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of pressure of air.
exposure to decreased amount in pressure of air
exposure to decreased air pressure
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to geographic feature.
geographic feature exposure
exposure to geographic feature
An exposure event involving Personal Behavior
Personal Behavior exposure
exposure to personal behavior
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to clay.
clay exposure
exposure to clay
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to soil.
soil exposure
exposure to soil
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to rock.
rock exposure
exposure to rock
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to sand.
sand exposure
exposure to sand
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to stellar radiation.
stellar radiation exposure
exposure to stellar radiation
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to gaseous environmental material.
gaseous environmental material exposure
exposure to gaseous environmental material
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to liquid water.
liquid water exposure
exposure to water in environment
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to air.
air exposure
exposure to air
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to particulate matter.
particulate matter exposure
exposure to particulate matter
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to organic material.
organic material exposure
exposure to organic material
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to snow.
snow exposure
exposure to snow
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to mineral material.
mineral material exposure
exposure to mineral material
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to permafrost.
permafrost exposure
exposure to permafrost
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to chemically enriched sediment.
chemically enriched sediment exposure
exposure to contaminated sediment
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to aerosol.
aerosol exposure
exposure to aerosol
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to contaminated water.
contaminated water exposure
exposure to contaminated water
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to sea water.
sea water exposure
exposure to sea water
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental system process.
environmental system process exposure
exposure to environmental process
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to atmospheric process.
atmospheric process exposure
exposure to atmospheric process
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to anthropogenic modulatory intervention process.
anthropogenic modulatory intervention process exposure
exposure to anthropogenic modulatory intervention process
An exposure to hydrogen chloride.
exposure to hydrogen chloride
exposure to hydrogen chloride
An exposure to acetic acid.
exposure to acetic acid
exposure to acetic acid
An exposure to alkali metal salt.
exposure to alkali metal salt
exposure to alkali metal salt
An exposure to alcohol.
exposure to alcohol
exposure to alcohol
An exposure to ketone.
exposure to ketone
exposure to ketone
An exposure to carbon dioxide.
exposure to carbon dioxide
exposure to carbon dioxide
An exposure to chlorine molecular entity.
exposure to chlorine molecular entity
exposure to chlorine
An exposure to solvent.
exposure to solvent
exposure to solvent
An exposure to water.
exposure to water
exposure to water
An exposure to acetate.
exposure to acetate
exposure to acetate
An exposure to inorganic molecular entity.
exposure to inorganic molecular entity
exposure to inorganic compound
An exposure to metal cation.
exposure to metal cation
exposure to metal cation
obsolete chemical entity exposure
true
An exposure to tetracycline.
exposure to tetracycline
exposure to tetracycline
An exposure to formic acid.
exposure to formic acid
exposure to formic acid
An exposure to nitrogen molecular entity.
exposure to nitrogen molecular entity
exposure to nitrogen
An exposure to salt.
exposure to salt
exposure to salt
An exposure to polycyclic arene.
exposure to polycyclic arene
exposure to polycyclic arene
An exposure to dioxygen.
exposure to dioxygen
exposure to dioxygen
obsolete exposure to chlorine atom
true
An exposure to primary alcohol.
exposure to primary alcohol
exposure to primary alcohol
An exposure to sodium chloride.
exposure to sodium chloride
exposure to sodium chloride
An exposure to inorganic acid.
exposure to inorganic acid
exposure to inorganic acid
An exposure to gas molecular entity.
exposure to gas molecular entity
exposure to gas molecular entity
An exposure to endocrine disruptor.
exposure to endocrine disruptor
exposure to endocrine disruptor
An exposure to electron donor.
exposure to electron donor
exposure to electron donor
An exposure to cofactor.
exposure to cofactor
exposure to cofactor
An exposure to micronutrient.
exposure to micronutrient
exposure to micronutrient
An exposure to antibacterial agent.
exposure to antibacterial agent
exposure to antibacterial agent
An exposure to nutrient.
exposure to nutrient
exposure to nutrient
An exposure to fuel.
exposure to fuel
exposure to fuel
An exposure to reagent.
exposure to reagent
exposure to reagent
An exposure to macronutrient.
exposure to macronutrient
exposure to macronutrient
An exposure to antiinfective agent.
exposure to antiinfective agent
exposure to antiinfective agent
An exposure to antiparasitic agent.
exposure to antiparasitic agent
exposure to antiparasitic agent
An exposure to anti-inflammatory drug.
exposure to anti-inflammatory drug
exposure to anti-inflammatory drug
An exposure to antiprotozoal drug.
exposure to antiprotozoal drug
exposure to antiprotozoal drug
An exposure to antimicrobial drug.
exposure to antimicrobial drug
exposure to antimicrobial drug
An exposure to antibacterial drug.
exposure to antibacterial drug
exposure to antibacterial drug
An exposure to anaesthetic.
exposure to anaesthetic
exposure to anaesthetic
An exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor.
exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor
exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor
An exposure to polar solvent.
exposure to polar solvent
exposure to polar solvent
An exposure to protic solvent.
exposure to protic solvent
exposure to protic solvent
An exposure to amphiprotic solvent.
exposure to amphiprotic solvent
exposure to amphiprotic solvent
An exposure to antagonist.
exposure to antagonist
exposure to antagonist
An exposure to oxidising agent.
exposure to oxidising agent
exposure to oxidising agent
An exposure to food additive.
exposure to food additive
exposure to food additive
An exposure to food acidity regulator.
exposure to food acidity regulator
exposure to food acidity regulator
An exposure to antimicrobial food preservative.
exposure to antimicrobial food preservative
exposure to antimicrobial food preservative
An exposure to anti-inflammatory agent.
exposure to anti-inflammatory agent
exposure to anti-inflammatory agent
An exposure to astringent.
exposure to astringent
exposure to astringent
An exposure to greenhouse gas.
exposure to greenhouse gas
exposure to greenhouse gas
An exposure to food packaging gas.
exposure to food packaging gas
exposure to food packaging gas
An exposure to food propellant.
exposure to food propellant
exposure to food propellant
An exposure to food component.
exposure to food component
exposure to food component
An exposure to refrigerant.
exposure to refrigerant
exposure to refrigerant
An exposure to food preservative.
exposure to food preservative
exposure to food preservative
An exposure to flame retardant.
exposure to flame retardant
exposure to flame retardant
An exposure to acid.
exposure to acid
exposure to acids
An exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbon.
exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbon
exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbon
An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event.
exposure stressor
An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stressor during an exposure event.
exposure_receptor
An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor.
exposure event
Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products.
food product
A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae.
vertebrate animal food product
alcoholic beverage
fermented beverage
invertebrate animal food product
food (fermented)
A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process.
food fermentation
An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.
alcoholic beverage
A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition)
food product by meal type
A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism.
food product by organism
Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience
food
foodstuff
nourishment
sustenance
food material
A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product
food transformation process
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata.
animal
invertebrate animal
A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms.
multi-component food product
A food product organized by the process which it results from.
food product by process
A multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic organism within the kingdom Animalia.
animal
A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet).
vegetarian food
vegetarian food product
A liquid prepared for consumption, or a product that can be combined with water or milk to make one.
beverage food product
A multiple-component food product typically containing a protein source, a vegetable, and a potato, rice or cereal-based component packaged to be served after heating, either as separate items or courses or mixed as recipe components; see 21 CFR 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 for nutritional quality guidelines.
multicomponent meal (us cfr)
Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. Prepared foods often undergo several of the processes listed in *F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT* and *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*; these factors should be carefully considered in indexing. The classification of prepared food products emphasizes consumption characteristics. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
prepared food product (us cfr)
Alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages, fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, and vegetable juices. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
beverage (us cfr)
Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
USA agency food product type
An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium.
agency food product type
Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL.
U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type
Any chemical or chemical mixture that exists in a food material or was added to a food material.
chemical food component
Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones.
mammal
A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described.
animal
vertebrate animal
This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups.
food product organismal source
food additive
Used to specifically characterize a food product based on the treatment or processes applied to the product or any indexed ingredient. The processes include adding, substituting or removing components or modifying the food or component, e.g., through fermentation.
food treatment process
A food modification process by microbial or enzymatic action which results in molecular changes in any food component.
microbial/enzymatic modification process
food modification process
The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated.
food preservation process
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process.
molecular function
molecular_function
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
enzyme activity
catalytic activity
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4).
phosphorus metabolism
phosphorus metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
phosphate metabolism
phosphate metabolic process
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
biological process
physiological process
single organism process
single-organism process
biological_process
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
metabolism
metabolic process resulting in cell growth
metabolism resulting in cell growth
multicellular organism metabolic process
single-organism metabolic process
metabolic process
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
cell physiology
cellular physiological process
cell growth and/or maintenance
single-organism cellular process
cellular process
true
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
phosphokinase activity
kinase activity
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
phosphorylation
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
cellular metabolism
intermediary metabolism
cellular metabolic process
All
A phenotypic abnormality.
Organ abnormality
Phenotypic abnormality
Laboratory abnormality
Metabolism abnormality
Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
objective specification
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take
action specification
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
data item
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
information content entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
directive information entity
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
curation status specification
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
plan specification
A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres.
material information bearer
The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
obsolescence reason specification
A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
denotator type
Pathological structure or process
pathological entity
Phenotypic observation of the presence or absence of a pathological entity.
pathological phenotype observation
Anatomically located instance of pathological response or entity.
pathological anatomical entity
Physical entity or structure associated with normal or abnormal tissue healing or repair following extrinsic or intrinsic damage.
healing and repair structure
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation.
abscess
all
root
Vira
Viridae
viruses
Viruses
Teleostomi
bony vertebrates
Euteleostomi
biota
cellular organisms
Dipnotetrapodomorpha
Boreotheria
Boreoeutheria
eubacteria
Monera
Procaryotae
Prokaryota
Prokaryotae
bacteria
prokaryote
prokaryotes
Bacteria
Homo/Pan/Gorilla group
Homininae
Archaea
eucaryotes
eukaryotes
Eucarya
Eucaryotae
Eukarya
Eukaryotae
eukaryotes
Eukaryota
Euarchontoglires
Anthropoidea
Simiiformes
ape
apes
Hominoidea
tetrapods
Tetrapoda
amniotes
Amniota
Theria
Theria <mammals>
Fungi/Metazoa group
opisthokonts
Opisthokonta
metazoans
multicellular animals
Animalia
animals
Metazoa
Bilateria
deuterostomes
Deuterostomia
Haplorrhini
mammals
mammals
Mammalia
Eumetazoa
chordates
chordates
Chordata
Vertebrata
vertebrates
vertebrates
Vertebrata <Metazoa>
Vertebrata <vertebrates>
Gnathostomata
jawed vertebrates
Gnathostomata <vertebrates>
Sarcopterygii
Craniata
Craniata <chordates>
eutherian mammals
placental mammals
placentals
Placentalia
placentals
Eutheria
primate
Primata
primates
Primates
Catarrhini
great apes
Pongidae
Hominidae
humans
Homo
human
man
Homo sapiens
Consumption of liquids containing ethanol, including the behaviors associated with drinking the alcohol.
Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol Consumption
The actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment or surrounding world of stimuli.
Attitude
Behavior
Behavioral
Conduct
Behavior
A grouping of occupations and fields of study.
Occupation or Discipline
Occupation or Discipline
The observable response of a person.
Personal Behavior
Personal Conduct
Personal Behavior
An organizational header for concepts representing mostly abstract entities.
Conceptual Entity
Conceptual Entity
The principal activity that a person does to earn money.
EMPJOB
Employee Job
Job
OCCUPATION
Occupation
Occupation
An active process; excludes processes and mechanisms which fulfill biological functions.
Activity
General activity
Activity
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
planned process
a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
specimen role
A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
specimen collection process
A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
specimen collection objective
A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts.
collection of specimens
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
organism
A material entity that has the specimen role.
specimen
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
quality
qualitative
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
deviation (from_normal)
The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism.
presence or absence in organism
quantitative
count in organism
number
presence
amount
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
temperature
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average.
aberrant
atypia
atypical
defective
abnormal
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average.
average
normal
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence.
present in organism
present
An amount which is relatively high.
increased number
present in greater numbers in organism
supernumerary
accessory
increased
increased amount
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
relational physical quality
physical quality
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
pressure
A quality which inheres in an process.
quality of a process
quality of occurrent
quality of process
relational quality of occurrent
process quality
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
monadic quality of a continuant
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
quality of a continuant
quality of a single physical entity
quality of an object
quality of continuant
monadic quality of an object
monadic quality of continuant
physical object quality
A temperature which is relatively high.
high temperature
hot
increased temperature
A temperature which is relatively low.
cold
low temperature
decreased temperature
The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts.
extra or missing physical or functional parts
has or lacks parts of type
mereological quality
number of
cardinality
number
has number of
A pressure which is relatively low.
low pressure
decreased pressure
A pressure which is relatively high.
high pressure
increased pressure
An amount which is relatively low.
decreased number
present in fewer numbers in organism
decreased
reduced
subnumerary
decreased amount
A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
increased quality
A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
decreased quality
A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
decreased process quality
A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
decreased object quality
A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
increased process quality
A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
increased object quality
A process occurring within or in the vicinity of an organism that exerts some causal influence on the organism via the interaction between an exposure stimulus and an exposure receptor. The exposure stimulus may be a process, material entity or condition (for example, lack of nutrients). The exposure receptor can be an organism, organism population or a part of an organism.
exposure event or process
An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity.
processual entity
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
biological structure
connected biological structure
anatomical structure
The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage.
adult stage
fully formed animal stage
juvenile-adult stage
fully formed stage
A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo.
embryonic stage
embryogenesis
embryo stage
End of the life of an organism.
death
death stage
stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure
postembryonic stage
post-hatching stage
postembryonic
post-embryonic stage
An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism.
entire life cycle
entire lifespan
life
lifespan
life cycle
A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism.
developmental stage
stage
life cycle stage
A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction.
1-cell stage
fertilized egg stage
one cell stage
fertilized egg stage
one-cell stage
zygote
zygotum
zygote stage
The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula.
cleavage stage
An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
blastula stage
A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
blastocystis trilaminaris stage
trilaminar blastocyst stage
trilaminar blastoderm stage
trilaminar disk stage
trilaminar germ stage
trilaminar stage
gastrula stage
Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
neurula stage
A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism.
segmentation stage
organogenesis stage
Anatomical entity that has mass.
material anatomical entity
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
organism
multi-cellular organism
animal
Koerper
body
whole body
whole organism
multicellular organism
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
anatomical entity
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
multicellular structure
multicellular anatomical structure
example to be eventually removed
The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
failed exploratory term
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
organizational term
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
placeholder removed
terms merged
term imported
term split
universal
A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
defined class
A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
named class expression
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
to be replaced with external ontology term
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
requires discussion