For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole part of part of part_of Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has part has part has_part realized in realizes X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. is preceded by takes place after preceded by preceded_by x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes precedes b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs in occurs in [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t contains process A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is about A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. has_specified_input A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is_specified_input_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is_specified_output_of This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. achieves_planned_objective This relation obtains between a a objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. objective_achieved_by a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence inheres in inheres in a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence bearer of bearer of a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates in participates_in a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has participant A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence role of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has role has role has_role a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives from a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives into A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. has positive regulatory component activity has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component process directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. directly positively regulated by A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. has effector activity ends after X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) directly preceded by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of immediately preceded by immediately_preceded_by immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y overlaps w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component has component has_component process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. regulates regulates regulates (processual) Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. negatively regulates negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. positively regulates positively regulates A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. capable of capable of capable_of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. capable of part of temporally related to Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. starts starts with Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. inverse of ends with finishes ends ends ends with p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. has output Any relationship between an exposure event or process and any other entity. related via exposure to c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within causally upstream of, positive effect causally upstream of, negative effect A relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causally effects an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event. has exposure stimulus q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. inheres in part of inheres in part of A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. part of structure that is capable of part of structure that is capable of c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p involved in inverse of enables enabled by inverse of regulates regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. member of member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. has member has member inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of inverse of upstream of causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p involved in or involved in regulation of c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. enables activity in is active in A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. in pairwise interaction with interacts with An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. molecularly interacts with phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of helper property (not for use in curation) p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in is kinase activity relation between physical entity and a process or stage x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). existence starts during or after existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. causal relation between processes depends on causal relation between entities causally influenced by interaction relation helper property molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute. has modifier Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulates s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. directly positively regulates Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. directly negatively regulates Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. enables subfunction acts upstream of or within, positive effect acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative acts upstream of, negative effect causally upstream of or within, negative effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of has functional parent has parent hydride is conjugate acid of is conjugate base of is substituent group from interacts_with interacts_with_an_exposure_receptor_via interacts_with_an_exposure stressor_via q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. reciprocal_of entity An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) independent continuant An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process process A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) specifically dependent continuant A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role fiat object fiat object part object object A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) generically dependent continuant An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity material entity immaterial entity anatomical entity material anatomical entity immaterial anatomical entity biological entity Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. electron Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron electron Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system endocrine disrupting chemical endocrine disrupting chemicals endocrine disrupting compound endocrine disrupting compounds endocrine disruptors endocrine-disrupting chemical endocrine-disrupting chemicals hormonally active agent hormonally active agents endocrine disruptor A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. inorganic acids mineral acid mineral acids inorganic acid Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety. alpha-hydroxy ketones alpha-hydroxy-ketone alpha-hydroxy-ketones alpha-hydroxyketone alpha-hydroxyketones alpha-hydroxy ketone An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups. tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketones tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketone tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketones tertiary alpha-hydroxyketone tertiary alpha-hydroxyketones tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone a tetracycline a tetracycline zwittterion Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting. emetics emetic A molecular entity that can transfer an electron to another molecular entity. electron donor Elektronendonator donneur d'electron electron donor A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. Acceptor A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur acceptor A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. ACETIC ACID Acetic acid acetic acid AcOH CH3-COOH CH3CO2H E 260 E-260 E260 Essigsaeure Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid HOAc INS No. 260 MeCO2H MeCOOH Methanecarboxylic acid acide acetique ethoic acid acetic acid An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. WATER Water oxidane water BOUND WATER H2O HOH Wasser [OH2] acqua agua aqua dihydridooxygen dihydrogen oxide eau hydrogen hydroxide water dioxygen Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen dioxygen A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. Primary alcohol 1-Alcohol a primary alcohol primary alcohols primary alcohol A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. formate HCO2 anion aminate formiate formic acid, ion(1-) formylate hydrogen carboxylate methanoate formate A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom. halide ions HX Halide a halide anion halide anions halide(1-) halides halogen anion halide anion hydridooxygenate(1-) hydroxide oxidanide HO- HYDROXIDE ION Hydroxide ion OH(-) OH- hydroxide A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom. haloacetic acid A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon dioxide carbon dioxide dioxidocarbon methanedione CO2 E 290 E-290 E290 R-744 [CO2] carbonic anhydride carbon dioxide An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. FORMALDEHYDE Formaldehyde formaldehyde FORMALIN Formaldehyd Formalin Methanal Methylene oxide Oxomethane Oxomethylene formaldehyde A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). Ketone ketones Keton R-CO-R' a ketone cetone ketones ketone A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. CARBON MONOXIDE Carbon monoxide carbon monooxide carbon monoxide carbon(II) oxide C#O CO [CO] carbon monoxide A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. Aldehyde aldehyde aldehydes Aldehyd RC(=O)H RCHO aldehido aldehidos aldehydes aldehydum an aldehyde aldehyde A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). RX organic halide organic halides organohalogen compounds organohalogen compound A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. Hydrogen chloride chlorane chloridohydrogen hydrogen chloride Chlorwasserstoff HCl Hydrochloride Hydrogenchlorid Wasserstoffchlorid [HCl] chlorure d'hydrogene cloruro de hidrogeno hydrochloric acid hydrogen chloride A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. Donor Donator donneur donor A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. Chloride chloride chloride(1-) CHLORIDE ION Chloride ion Chloride(1-) Chlorine anion Cl(-) Cl- chloride 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. Lipid lipids lipid hydrogen halide hydrogen halides HX hydrogen halides hydrogen halide An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle acyl group Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis(dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins aflatoxins aflatoxin alkali metals Alkalimetall Alkalimetalle alkali metal metal alcalin metal alcalino metales alcalinos metaux alcalins alkali metal atom Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. alkylating agent A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion Anionen aniones anions anion A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). Base base Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases base cadmium 48Cd Cd Kadmium cadmio cadmium cadmium atom cadmium compounds cadmium molecular entities cadmium molecular entity carbon oxides oxides of carbon carbon oxide carbonyl carbonyl group >C=O carbonyl group chloride salts chlorides chloride salt chlorine 17Cl Chlor Cl chlore chlorine chlorum cloro chlorine atom A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine. chlorine molecular entity A haloacetate(1-) resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of chloroacetic acid. chloroacetate Chloroacetic acid ion(1-) chloroacetate anion chloroacetate(1-) mono-chloroacetate monochloroacetate anion monochloroacetic acid anion chloroacetate An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). cofactor cofactors cofactor Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. drugs medicine drug monoatomic anions monoatomic anion monoatomic cations monoatomic cation A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques enzyme inhibitor Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. glucocorticoids glucocorticoid A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chemical entity A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function biological role A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos group halogen molecular entity halogen compounds halogen molecular entities halogen molecular entity halogen halogens Halogene group 17 elements group VII elements halogene halogenes halogeno halogenos halogen A substance used to destroy plant pests. Herbizid Unkrautbekaempfungsmittel Unkrautvertilgungsmittel Wildkrautbekaempfungsmittel herbicides herbicide A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds organic heterocyclic compound Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. endocrine hormones hormone A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. hydrocarbon hydrocarbons Kohlenwasserstoff Kohlenwasserstoffe hidrocarburo hidrocarburos hydrocarbure hydrocarbon Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids oxoacid inorganic anions inorganic anion A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity anorganisches Salz inorganic salts inorganic salt A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels salt monoatomic ions monoatomic ion A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion Ionen iones ions ion mercury 80Hg Hg Quecksilber azogue hydrargyrum liquid silver mercure mercurio mercury quicksilver mercury atom mercury compounds mercury molecular entities mercury molecular entity Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. metabolite metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites metabolite a metal cation metal cations metal cation mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds molecule An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. monocarboxylic acids monocarboxylic acid monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations monoatomic monocation An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution. mutagene mutagenes mutagenic agent mutageno mutagenos mutagens mutagen Poisonous substance produced by fungi. fungal toxins mycotoxins mycotoxin An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. neurotransmitters neurotransmitter nitrogen 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno nitrogen atom nonmetal Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals nonmetal atom Any organic ion with a net negative charge. organic anions organic anion Any organic ion with a net positive charge. organic cations organic cation organic ions organic ion An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom. organic oxides organic oxide An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxides oxide oxygen 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene oxygen atom oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. pesticide Pestizid Pestizide pesticides pesticide Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. polyketide polyketides polyketide sodium 11Na Na Natrium natrium sodio sodium sodium atom An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion. sodium chloride Kochsalz NaCl Natriumchlorid chlorure de sodium cloruro sodico common salt halite natrii chloridum rock salt salt table salt sodium chloride sodium compounds sodium molecular entities sodium molecular entity Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. Natriumsalz Natriumsalze sodium salts sodium salt Any steroid that acts as hormone. Steroidhormon Steroidhormone hormona esteroide hormonas esteroideas hormone steroide hormones steroides steroid hormones steroid hormone A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it. tertiary alcohol tertiary alcohols tertiary alcohol A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups. tetracyclines Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant. toxin toxins toxin Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. micronutrients trace elements micronutrient An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals transition element atom A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups univalent carboacyl group A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds zwitterion carbon 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono carbon atom A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent. Chloroacetic acid chloroacetic acid 2-chloro-acetic acid 2-chloro-ethanoic acid 2-chloroacetic acid Acide chloracetique Acide chloroacetique Acide monochloracetique CAA Chloroethanoic acid Monochloressigsaeure alpha-chloro-acetic acid chloracetic acid monochloroacetic acid monochloroethanoic acid chloroacetic acid A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide TETRACYCLINE Tetracycline tetracycline (4S,4aS,5aS,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide Abramycin Achromycin Anhydrotetracycline Deschlorobiomycin Liquamycin Tetracyclin Tetrazyklin Tsiklomitsin tetracycline tetracyclinum tetracycline The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions carboxylic acid anion A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. sodium cation sodium(1+) sodium(1+) ion sodium(I) cation Na(+) Na+ SODIUM ION sodium(1+) aquahydrogen(1+) oxidanium oxonium trihydridooxygen(1+) H3O(+) Hydronium cation Hydronium ion [OH3](+) oxonium dioxidenium hydridodioxygen(1+) HO2(+) HOO(+) [HO2](+) hydridodioxygen(1+) A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. acetate ACETATE ION Azetat CH3-COO(-) Ethanoat MeCO2 anion acetic acid, ion(1-) ethanoate acetate The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. FORMIC ACID Formic acid formic acid Acide formique Ameisensaeure H-COOH HCO2H HCOOH Methanoic acid aminic acid bilorin formylic acid hydrogen carboxylic acid methoic acid formic acid A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohol alcohols an alcohol alcohol An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. tetracene 2,3-benzanthracene benz[b]anthracene naphthacene tetracene Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle elementary particles fundamental particle A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. atomic entity monoatomic entities monoatomic entity inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. organic fundamental parents organic parent hydrides organic fundamental parent Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. inorganic groups inorganic group Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. organic groups organic group Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo organyl group A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom atome atomo atoms atomus element elements atom A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi atomic nucleus Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons nucleon A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity elemental oxygen diatomic oxygen An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anions polyatomic anion chemical messenger molecular messenger A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. Antibiotika Antibiotikum antibiotic antibiotics antibiotique antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antimicrobials microbicide microbicides antimicrobial agent A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. antibacterial agents antibacterials bactericide bactericides antibacterial agent A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. nutrients nutrient A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity Any material that can be ingested by an organism. food material food materials food role foods foodstuff foodstuffs food An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy. fuel A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. alkali metal molecular entities alkali metal molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes pnictogen A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entities pnictogen molecular entity Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen chalcogens Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements chalcogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity group 14 elements carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements carbon group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element main group element atom group 12 elements zinc group element zinc group elements zinc group element atom A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). hydracid hydracids hydracid monoatomic monoanions monoatomic monoanion elemental chlorine atomic chlorine monoatomic chlorine monoatomic halogens monoatomic halogen elemental halogen elemental halogens elemental halogen A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity transition element molecular entity alkali metal cations alkali metal cation An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals metal atom s-block element s-block elements s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element p-block elements p-block element atom d-block element d-block elements d-block element atom A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. carboxylic acid carboxylic acids Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos carboxylic acid A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. cyclic compounds cyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. homocyclic compound homocyclic compounds isocyclic compounds homocyclic compound A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compounds carbocycle carbocyclic compound hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity polycyclic compounds polycyclic compound A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms. ortho-fused polycyclic compounds ortho-fused compounds ortho-fused compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity aromatics aromatische Verbindungen aromatic compound Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. arene arenes aromatic hydrocarbons arene organic aromatic compounds organic aromatic compound cyclic hydrocarbon cyclic hydrocarbons cyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbons polycyclic hydrocarbon A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds polyheterocyclic compounds heteropolycyclic compound zinc group molecular entities zinc group molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity d-block compounds d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides oxygen hydride hydrides of oxygen oxygen hydrides oxygen hydride An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. hydroxy compounds organic alcohol organic hydroxy compounds organic hydroxy compound Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. organic cyclic compounds organic cyclic compound benzenoid aromatic compounds benzenoid compound benzenoid aromatic compound A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. PAH PAHs polycyclic arenes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polycyclic arene A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent reactif reactivo reagents reagent Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. macronutrients macronutrient halide salts halides halide salt A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors inhibitor fused compounds fused polycyclic compounds fused-ring polycyclic compound fused-ring polycyclic compounds polycyclic fused-ring compounds fused compound A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbopolycyclic compounds carbopolycyclic compound homopolycyclic compounds homopolycyclic compound ortho-fused polycyclic arenes ortho-fused polycyclic arene A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. acene acenes Acen Azen polyacenes acene Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene, so may be considered as triterpenoids. Steroid steroids a steroid steroid An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion oxoacid anions oxoanions oxoanion ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbons ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases. anti-infective agents anti-infective drugs antiinfective agents antiinfective drug antiinfective agent A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. antiparasitic drugs antiparasitics parasiticides antiparasitic agent A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. anti-inflammatory drugs antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory drug antiinflammatory drugs anti-inflammatory drug alkali metal salts alkali metal salt A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs cardiovascular drug carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon carbon oxoacid A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. vasodilator vasodilator agents vasodilator agent A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. Carboxylate Monocarboxylate a monocarboxylate monocarboxylates monocarboxylic acid anions monocarboxylic acid anion Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections. antiprotozoal agent antiprotozoal agents antiprotozoal drugs antiprotozoal drug A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections. antimicrobial drugs antimicrobial drug A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections. antibacterial drugs antibacterial drug inorganic chloride salt inorganic chloride salts inorganic chlorides inorganic chloride Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). leptons lepton Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). baryons baryon Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion fermions fermion A particle smaller than an atom. subatomic particles subatomic particle A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). composite particles composite particle Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. hadrons hadron A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle nuclear particle Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ions polyatomic ion Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds carbonyl compound Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds organic oxo compounds organic oxo compound An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond. organochlorine compound an organochlorine molecule chloroorganic compounds chlororganische Verbindungen organochloride organochloride compound organochloride compounds organochlorides organochlorine compounds organochlorine compound A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group. chlorocarboxylic acids chlorocarboxylic acid Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. adrenal cortex hormones corticosteroid hormones corticosteroid hormone monoanions monoanion chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydrides chalcogen hydride inorganic ions inorganic ion inorganic cations inorganic cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. Cation cation Kation Kationen cationes cations cation An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound organic hydrides organic hydride mononuclear parent hydrides mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride elemental sodium An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). Acid acid Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids acid A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements. halides halide A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group carboxylic acyl groups carboacyl group Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. heterocyclic organooxygen compounds organooxygen heterocyclic compounds oxacycles oxacycle organic heteropentacyclic compounds organic heteropentacyclic compound organic heteropolycyclic compounds organic heteropolycyclic compound electron-transport chain inhibitor respiratory-chain inhibitor An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1). CcO inhibitor EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitor EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitors NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitor Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitors complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors cytochrome a3 inhibitor cytochrome a3 inhibitors cytochrome aa3 inhibitor cytochrome aa3 inhibitors cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors cytochrome oxidase inhibitor cytochrome oxidase inhibitors cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitor cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitor ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitors ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors indophenol oxidase inhibitor indophenol oxidase inhibitors indophenolase inhibitor indophenolase inhibitors mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor mitochondrial complex IV inhibitors mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor inorganic sodium salts inorganic sodium salt Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. anaesthetic Anaesthetika Anaesthetikum anaesthetics anesthetic agent anesthetic drug anesthetics anaesthetic A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor Bronsted acid A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor Bronsted base FORMYL GROUP aldehyde group carbaldehyde formyl -CH(O) -CHO Fo H-CO- methanoyl formyl group HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group hydroxy group OXO GROUP oxo =O oxo group In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Loesungsmittel solvant solvents solvent CARBOXY GROUP carboxy -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group carboxy group Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc. Indikator indicator A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein. protein synthesis antagonist protein synthesis antagonists protein synthesis inhibitors protein synthesis inhibitor cyclopentafurofurochromenes cyclopentafurofurochromene An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity. Desinfektionsmittel desinfectant disinfectants disinfecting agent disinfectant A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. polar solvent polar solvents polar solvent A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. protogenic solvent protic solvent Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor. protophilic solvent HBA solvent hydrogen bond acceptor solvent protophilic solvent Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases. amphiprotic solvent amphiprotic solvent Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. agonist agonista agoniste agonists agonist Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. antagonist antagonista antagoniste antagonists antagonist hydrogen 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene hydrogen atom An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances. CYP2D6 inhbitor CYP2D6 inhbitors P450 inhibitors cytochrome P450 inhibitor cytochrome P450 inhibitors P450 inhibitor onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations onium cations onium ion onium ions onium cation chloranium chloronium H2Cl(+) [ClH2](+) chloronium A role played by a molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment. probe A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland. corticoides corticosteroides corticosteroids corticosteroid Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities organic molecular entity A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells. genotoxic agent genotoxic agents genotoxins genotoxin A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. agente carcinogeno cancerigene cancerogene carcinogen carcinogene carcinogenic agents carcinogeno carcinogens carcinogenic agent A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. alergeno allergene allergenic agent allergen A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins neurotoxin A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. hormone receptor modulators hormone receptor modulator A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities nitrogen molecular entity An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. dipolar compounds dipolar compound Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. acenes Compounds containing a tetracene skeleton. naphthacenes tetracenes Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). organodiyl groups organodiyl group organic divalent group organic univalent group organic polycyclic compounds organic polycyclic compound A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role aetiopathogenetic role A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. pharmacological role physiological role Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes. ligands ligand Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group. oxyketones oxyketone An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom. alpha-oxyketones alpha-oxyketone inorganic hydroxides inorganic hydroxy compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds heterocyclic compound Conjugate acid of carbon monoxide arising from protonation of the carbon; major species at pH 7.3. methylidyneoxonium CO(1+) methylidyneoxidanium carbon monoxide(1+) A substance used as an indicator of a biological state. biological marker biomarker A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. a monovalent cation monovalent inorganic cation A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell. signal molecule signal molecules signaling molecule signaling molecules signalling molecules signalling molecule A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents oxidising agent Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. food additives food additive A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. acidity regulator acidity regulators food acidity regulators pH control agent pH control agents food acidity regulator An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). one-carbon compounds one-carbon compound Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. organic acids organic acid Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances poison Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. food preservatives food preservative A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). antimicrobial food preservatives antimicrobial preservative antimicrobial preservatives antimicrobial food preservative Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. anti-inflammatory agents antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory agents anti-inflammatory agent An organic anion that is the conjugate base of tetracycline obtained by deprotonation of the two enolic hydroxy groups and protonation of the tertiary amino group. (1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,7,11-trihydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracene-2,5-diolate tetracycline anion tetracycline(1-) Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. organic compound organic compounds organic molecules organic molecule A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions. adstringent adstringents astringents astringent Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. eukaryotic metabolites eukaryotic metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. animal metabolites animal metabolite Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. mammalian metabolites mammalian metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites mouse metabolite Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. prokaryotic metabolites prokaryotic metabolite A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'. greenhouse gases greenhouse gas A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans. propellants propellant An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*). EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors EC 1.* inhibitor EC 1.* inhibitors oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase inhibitor oxidoreductase inhibitors EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*.*). EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors EC 1.9.* inhibitor EC 1.9.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.14.*.*). EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors EC 1.14.* inhibitor EC 1.14.* inhibitors inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitors EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using reduced flavin or flavoprotein as donor (EC 1.14.14.*). EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.* inhibitor EC 1.14.14.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor An EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*). EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors EC 1.9.3.* inhibitor EC 1.9.3.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an unspecified monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1). EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitors EC 1.14.14.1 inhibitor EC 1.14.14.1 inhibitors aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors aryl-4-monooxygenase inhibitor aryl-4-monooxygenase inhibitors flavoprotein monooxygenase inhibitor flavoprotein monooxygenase inhibitors flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitor flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitors microsomal P-450 inhibitor microsomal P-450 inhibitors microsomal monooxygenase inhibitor microsomal monooxygenase inhibitors substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitor substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitors unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitor unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitors unspecific monooxygenase inhibitor unspecific monooxygenase inhibitors xenobiotic monooxygenase inhibitor xenobiotic monooxygenase inhibitors EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway. metabolic pathway inhibitor metabolic pathway inhibitors pathway inhibitors pathway inhibitor Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. fungal metabolites fungal metabolite Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites human metabolite A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of tetracycline. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). (1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,5,7,11-tetrahydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracen-2-olate tetracycline tetracycline zwitterion An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. food packaging gases food packaging gas A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container. food propellants food propellant A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects. environmental contaminants environmental contaminant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. refrigerants refrigerant Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire. flame retardants flame retardant Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. monovalent inorganic anions monovalent inorganic anion An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. crustacean metabolites crustacean metabolite A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. Daphnia magna metabolites Daphnia magna metabolite A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Daphnia metabolites Daphnia metabolite A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a haloacetic acid. a haloacetate haloacetate (1-) haloacetate(1-) A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors. receptor modulators receptor modulator A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to radiation. radiation exposure exposure to radiation A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to electromagnetic radiation. electromagnetic radiation exposure exposure to electromagnetic radiation A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to ultraviolet radiation. ultraviolet radiation exposure exposure to ultraviolet radiation A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to visible spectrum radiation. visible spectrum radiation exposure exposure to visible light radiation A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental material. environmental material exposure exposure to environmental material An exposure to organic molecular entity. exposure to organic molecular entity exposure to organic compound An exposure to organic cyclic compound. exposure to organic cyclic compound exposure to organic cyclic compound An exposure to corticosteroid. exposure to corticosteroid exposure to corticosteroid An exposure to lipid. exposure to lipid exposure to lipid An exposure to carbon monoxide. exposure to carbon monoxide exposure to carbon monoxide An exposure to chemical entity. exposure to chemical entity exposure to chemical An exposure to steroid hormone. exposure to steroid hormone exposure to steroid hormone An exposure to glucocorticoid. exposure to glucocorticoid exposure to glucocorticoid An exposure to oxygen molecular entity. exposure to oxygen molecular entity exposure to oxygen molecular entity An exposure to formaldehyde. exposure to formaldehyde exposure to formaldehyde An exposure to transition element molecular entity. exposure to transition element molecular entity exposure to transition element An exposure to biological role. exposure to biological role exposure to chemical with biological effect An exposure to application. exposure to application exposure to chemical with application An exposure to chemical role. exposure to chemical role exposure to chemical with chemical role An exposure to alkylating agent. exposure to alkylating agent exposure to alkylating agent An exposure to drug. exposure to drug exposure to drug An exposure to herbicide. exposure to herbicide exposure to herbicide An exposure to hormone. exposure to hormone exposure to hormone An exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor. exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor An exposure to mutagen. exposure to mutagen exposure to mutagen An exposure to mycotoxin. exposure to mycotoxin exposure to mycotoxin An exposure to neurotransmitter. exposure to neurotransmitter exposure to neurotransmitter An exposure to pesticide. exposure to pesticide exposure to pesticide An exposure to toxin. exposure to toxin exposure to toxin An exposure to molecular messenger. exposure to molecular messenger exposure to molecular messenger An exposure to antimicrobial agent. exposure to antimicrobial agent exposure to antimicrobial agent An exposure to inhibitor. exposure to inhibitor exposure to inhibitor An exposure to vasodilator agent. exposure to vasodilator agent exposure to vasodilator agent An exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor. exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor An exposure to Bronsted acid. exposure to Bronsted acid exposure to Bronsted acid An exposure to disinfectant. exposure to disinfectant exposure to disinfectant An exposure to agonist. exposure to agonist exposure to agonist An exposure to P450 inhibitor. exposure to P450 inhibitor exposure to P450 inhibitor An exposure to probe. exposure to probe exposure to probe An exposure to genotoxin. exposure to genotoxin exposure to genotoxin An exposure to carcinogenic agent. exposure to carcinogenic agent exposure to carcinogenic agent An exposure to allergen. exposure to allergen exposure to allergen An exposure to neurotoxin. exposure to neurotoxin exposure to neurotoxin An exposure to ligand. exposure to ligand exposure to ligand An exposure to biomarker. exposure to biomarker exposure to biomarker An exposure to signalling molecule. exposure to signalling molecule exposure to signalling molecule An exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor. exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor An exposure to environmental contaminant. exposure to environmental contaminant exposure to environmental contaminant A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to temperature of environmental material. temperature of environmental material exposure exposure to temperature of environmental surroundings A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to temperature of air. temperature of air exposure exposure to temperature of air in surroundings A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of air. exposure to decreased amount in temperature of air exposure to decreased air temperature A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased temperature. decreased temperature exposure exposure to decreased temperature An exposure event involving Alcohol Consumption Alcohol Consumption exposure exposure to alcohol consumption An exposure to aflatoxin. exposure to aflatoxin exposure to aflatoxin An exposure to organochlorine compound. exposure to organochlorine compound exposure to organochlorine compound An exposure to cadmium molecular entity. exposure to cadmium molecular entity exposure to cadmium An exposure to mercury molecular entity. exposure to mercury molecular entity exposure to mercury An exposure event involving Occupation Occupation exposure exposure to occupation An exposure to chloroacetic acid. exposure to chloroacetic acid exposure to chloroacetic acid An exposure to steroid. exposure to steroid exposure to steroid A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to quality. quality exposure exposure to environmental quality A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to qualitative. qualitative exposure exposure to qualitative environmental quality A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to process quality. process quality exposure exposure to environmental process quality A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to physical object quality. physical object quality exposure exposure to environmental physical object quality A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to layer. layer exposure exposure to environmental layer A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental disposition. environmental disposition exposure exposure to environmental disposition A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to manufactured product. manufactured product exposure exposure to manufactured product A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental system. environmental system exposure exposure to environmental system A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to the condition of environmental condition. environmental condition exposure exposure to environmental condition A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to high temperature environment. high temperature environment exposure exposure to high temperature environment A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to high pressure environment. high pressure environment exposure exposure to high pressure environment A history of exposure to root. root exposure exposure to organism A history of exposure to Viruses. Viruses exposure exposure to virus A history of exposure to Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens exposure exposure to humans A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to deviation (from_normal) of quality. exposure to deviation (from_normal) in quality exposure to change A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased temperature. increased temperature exposure exposure to increased temperature A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of salt. exposure to increased amount in salt exposure to increased salt A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of salt. exposure to decreased amount in salt exposure to decreased salt A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of pressure of air. exposure to increased amount in pressure of air exposure to increased air pressure A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased pressure. increased pressure exposure exposure to increased pressure A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased pressure. decreased pressure exposure exposure to decreased pressure A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to frozen of liquid water. exposure to frozen in liquid water exposure to freezing water A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to frozen of air. exposure to frozen in air exposure to freezing air A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of soil. exposure to increased amount in temperature of soil exposure to increased soil temperature A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of soil. exposure to decreased amount in temperature of soil exposure to decreased soil temperature A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of water. exposure to increased amount in temperature of water exposure to increased water temperature A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of water. exposure to decreased amount in temperature of water exposure to decreased water temperature A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of pressure of water. exposure to decreased amount in pressure of water exposure to decreased water pressure A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of air. exposure to increased amount in temperature of air exposure to increased air temperature A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of pressure of water. exposure to increased amount in pressure of water exposure to increased water pressure A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of pressure of air. exposure to decreased amount in pressure of air exposure to decreased air pressure A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to geographic feature. geographic feature exposure exposure to geographic feature An exposure event involving Personal Behavior Personal Behavior exposure exposure to personal behavior A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to clay. clay exposure exposure to clay A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to soil. soil exposure exposure to soil A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to rock. rock exposure exposure to rock A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to sand. sand exposure exposure to sand A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to stellar radiation. stellar radiation exposure exposure to stellar radiation A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to gaseous environmental material. gaseous environmental material exposure exposure to gaseous environmental material A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to liquid water. liquid water exposure exposure to water in environment A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to air. air exposure exposure to air A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to particulate matter. particulate matter exposure exposure to particulate matter A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to organic material. organic material exposure exposure to organic material A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to snow. snow exposure exposure to snow A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to mineral material. mineral material exposure exposure to mineral material A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to permafrost. permafrost exposure exposure to permafrost A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to chemically enriched sediment. chemically enriched sediment exposure exposure to contaminated sediment A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to aerosol. aerosol exposure exposure to aerosol A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to contaminated water. contaminated water exposure exposure to contaminated water A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to sea water. sea water exposure exposure to sea water A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental system process. environmental system process exposure exposure to environmental process A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to atmospheric process. atmospheric process exposure exposure to atmospheric process A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to anthropogenic modulatory intervention process. anthropogenic modulatory intervention process exposure exposure to anthropogenic modulatory intervention process An exposure to hydrogen chloride. exposure to hydrogen chloride exposure to hydrogen chloride An exposure to acetic acid. exposure to acetic acid exposure to acetic acid An exposure to alkali metal salt. exposure to alkali metal salt exposure to alkali metal salt An exposure to alcohol. exposure to alcohol exposure to alcohol An exposure to ketone. exposure to ketone exposure to ketone An exposure to carbon dioxide. exposure to carbon dioxide exposure to carbon dioxide An exposure to chlorine molecular entity. exposure to chlorine molecular entity exposure to chlorine An exposure to solvent. exposure to solvent exposure to solvent An exposure to water. exposure to water exposure to water An exposure to acetate. exposure to acetate exposure to acetate An exposure to inorganic molecular entity. exposure to inorganic molecular entity exposure to inorganic compound An exposure to metal cation. exposure to metal cation exposure to metal cation obsolete chemical entity exposure true An exposure to tetracycline. exposure to tetracycline exposure to tetracycline An exposure to formic acid. exposure to formic acid exposure to formic acid An exposure to nitrogen molecular entity. exposure to nitrogen molecular entity exposure to nitrogen An exposure to salt. exposure to salt exposure to salt An exposure to polycyclic arene. exposure to polycyclic arene exposure to polycyclic arene An exposure to dioxygen. exposure to dioxygen exposure to dioxygen obsolete exposure to chlorine atom true An exposure to primary alcohol. exposure to primary alcohol exposure to primary alcohol An exposure to sodium chloride. exposure to sodium chloride exposure to sodium chloride An exposure to inorganic acid. exposure to inorganic acid exposure to inorganic acid An exposure to gas molecular entity. exposure to gas molecular entity exposure to gas molecular entity An exposure to endocrine disruptor. exposure to endocrine disruptor exposure to endocrine disruptor An exposure to electron donor. exposure to electron donor exposure to electron donor An exposure to cofactor. exposure to cofactor exposure to cofactor An exposure to micronutrient. exposure to micronutrient exposure to micronutrient An exposure to antibacterial agent. exposure to antibacterial agent exposure to antibacterial agent An exposure to nutrient. exposure to nutrient exposure to nutrient An exposure to fuel. exposure to fuel exposure to fuel An exposure to reagent. exposure to reagent exposure to reagent An exposure to macronutrient. exposure to macronutrient exposure to macronutrient An exposure to antiinfective agent. exposure to antiinfective agent exposure to antiinfective agent An exposure to antiparasitic agent. exposure to antiparasitic agent exposure to antiparasitic agent An exposure to anti-inflammatory drug. exposure to anti-inflammatory drug exposure to anti-inflammatory drug An exposure to antiprotozoal drug. exposure to antiprotozoal drug exposure to antiprotozoal drug An exposure to antimicrobial drug. exposure to antimicrobial drug exposure to antimicrobial drug An exposure to antibacterial drug. exposure to antibacterial drug exposure to antibacterial drug An exposure to anaesthetic. exposure to anaesthetic exposure to anaesthetic An exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor. exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor An exposure to polar solvent. exposure to polar solvent exposure to polar solvent An exposure to protic solvent. exposure to protic solvent exposure to protic solvent An exposure to amphiprotic solvent. exposure to amphiprotic solvent exposure to amphiprotic solvent An exposure to antagonist. exposure to antagonist exposure to antagonist An exposure to oxidising agent. exposure to oxidising agent exposure to oxidising agent An exposure to food additive. exposure to food additive exposure to food additive An exposure to food acidity regulator. exposure to food acidity regulator exposure to food acidity regulator An exposure to antimicrobial food preservative. exposure to antimicrobial food preservative exposure to antimicrobial food preservative An exposure to anti-inflammatory agent. exposure to anti-inflammatory agent exposure to anti-inflammatory agent An exposure to astringent. exposure to astringent exposure to astringent An exposure to greenhouse gas. exposure to greenhouse gas exposure to greenhouse gas An exposure to food packaging gas. exposure to food packaging gas exposure to food packaging gas An exposure to food propellant. exposure to food propellant exposure to food propellant An exposure to food component. exposure to food component exposure to food component An exposure to refrigerant. exposure to refrigerant exposure to refrigerant An exposure to food preservative. exposure to food preservative exposure to food preservative An exposure to flame retardant. exposure to flame retardant exposure to flame retardant An exposure to acid. exposure to acid exposure to acids An exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbon. exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbon exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbon An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event. exposure stressor An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stressor during an exposure event. exposure_receptor An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. exposure event Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. food product A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. vertebrate animal food product alcoholic beverage fermented beverage invertebrate animal food product food (fermented) A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process. food fermentation An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar. alcoholic beverage A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition) food product by meal type A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. food product by organism Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience food foodstuff nourishment sustenance food material A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product food transformation process Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. animal invertebrate animal A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. multi-component food product A food product organized by the process which it results from. food product by process A multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic organism within the kingdom Animalia. animal A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet). vegetarian food vegetarian food product A liquid prepared for consumption, or a product that can be combined with water or milk to make one. beverage food product A multiple-component food product typically containing a protein source, a vegetable, and a potato, rice or cereal-based component packaged to be served after heating, either as separate items or courses or mixed as recipe components; see 21 CFR 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 for nutritional quality guidelines. multicomponent meal (us cfr) Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. Prepared foods often undergo several of the processes listed in *F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT* and *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*; these factors should be carefully considered in indexing. The classification of prepared food products emphasizes consumption characteristics. [FDA CFSAN 1995] prepared food product (us cfr) Alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages, fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, and vegetable juices. [FDA CFSAN 1995] beverage (us cfr) Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995] USA agency food product type An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium. agency food product type Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type Any chemical or chemical mixture that exists in a food material or was added to a food material. chemical food component Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. mammal A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. animal vertebrate animal This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups. food product organismal source food additive Used to specifically characterize a food product based on the treatment or processes applied to the product or any indexed ingredient. The processes include adding, substituting or removing components or modifying the food or component, e.g., through fermentation. food treatment process A food modification process by microbial or enzymatic action which results in molecular changes in any food component. microbial/enzymatic modification process food modification process The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated. food preservation process A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. molecular function molecular_function Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. enzyme activity catalytic activity The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). phosphorus metabolism phosphorus metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. phosphate metabolism phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. biological process physiological process single organism process single-organism process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. metabolism metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth multicellular organism metabolic process single-organism metabolic process metabolic process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance single-organism cellular process cellular process true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. phosphokinase activity kinase activity The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. phosphorylation Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. cellular metabolism intermediary metabolism cellular metabolic process All A phenotypic abnormality. Organ abnormality Phenotypic abnormality Laboratory abnormality Metabolism abnormality Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. objective specification A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take action specification An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data item A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. information content entity An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. directive information entity The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. curation status specification Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term data about an ontology part A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. plan specification A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. material information bearer The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. obsolescence reason specification A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. denotator type Pathological structure or process pathological entity Phenotypic observation of the presence or absence of a pathological entity. pathological phenotype observation Anatomically located instance of pathological response or entity. pathological anatomical entity Physical entity or structure associated with normal or abnormal tissue healing or repair following extrinsic or intrinsic damage. healing and repair structure A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation. abscess all root Vira Viridae viruses Viruses Teleostomi bony vertebrates Euteleostomi biota cellular organisms Dipnotetrapodomorpha Boreotheria Boreoeutheria eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae Archaea eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes Eukaryota Euarchontoglires Anthropoidea Simiiformes ape apes Hominoidea tetrapods Tetrapoda amniotes Amniota Theria Theria <mammals> Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts Opisthokonta metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa Bilateria deuterostomes Deuterostomia Haplorrhini mammals mammals Mammalia Eumetazoa chordates chordates Chordata Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <Metazoa> Vertebrata <vertebrates> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> Sarcopterygii Craniata Craniata <chordates> eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria primate Primata primates Primates Catarrhini great apes Pongidae Hominidae humans Homo human man Homo sapiens Consumption of liquids containing ethanol, including the behaviors associated with drinking the alcohol. Alcohol Consumption Alcohol Consumption The actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment or surrounding world of stimuli. Attitude Behavior Behavioral Conduct Behavior A grouping of occupations and fields of study. Occupation or Discipline Occupation or Discipline The observable response of a person. Personal Behavior Personal Conduct Personal Behavior An organizational header for concepts representing mostly abstract entities. Conceptual Entity Conceptual Entity The principal activity that a person does to earn money. EMPJOB Employee Job Job OCCUPATION Occupation Occupation An active process; excludes processes and mechanisms which fulfill biological functions. Activity General activity Activity A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. planned process a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation specimen role A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. specimen collection process A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. specimen collection objective A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. collection of specimens A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. organism A material entity that has the specimen role. specimen A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. presence or absence in organism quantitative count in organism number presence amount A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. aberrant atypia atypical defective abnormal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. average normal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. present in organism present An amount which is relatively high. increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary accessory increased increased amount A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent process quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant physical object quality A temperature which is relatively high. high temperature hot increased temperature A temperature which is relatively low. cold low temperature decreased temperature The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. extra or missing physical or functional parts has or lacks parts of type mereological quality number of cardinality number has number of A pressure which is relatively low. low pressure decreased pressure A pressure which is relatively high. high pressure increased pressure An amount which is relatively low. decreased number present in fewer numbers in organism decreased reduced subnumerary decreased amount A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased process quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased process quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality A process occurring within or in the vicinity of an organism that exerts some causal influence on the organism via the interaction between an exposure stimulus and an exposure receptor. The exposure stimulus may be a process, material entity or condition (for example, lack of nutrients). The exposure receptor can be an organism, organism population or a part of an organism. exposure event or process An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. processual entity Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. adult stage fully formed animal stage juvenile-adult stage fully formed stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. embryonic stage embryogenesis embryo stage End of the life of an organism. death death stage stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure postembryonic stage post-hatching stage postembryonic post-embryonic stage An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. entire life cycle entire lifespan life lifespan life cycle A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. developmental stage stage life cycle stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. 1-cell stage fertilized egg stage one cell stage fertilized egg stage one-cell stage zygote zygotum zygote stage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. cleavage stage An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. blastula stage A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. blastocystis trilaminaris stage trilaminar blastocyst stage trilaminar blastoderm stage trilaminar disk stage trilaminar germ stage trilaminar stage gastrula stage Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. neurula stage A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. segmentation stage organogenesis stage Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism multi-cellular organism animal Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure example to be eventually removed The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job failed exploratory term Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting placeholder removed terms merged term imported term split universal A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal defined class A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expression Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. to be replaced with external ontology term A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. requires discussion