For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
part of
Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2.
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has part
realized in
realizes
X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
preceded by
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
precedes
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs in
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
contains process
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
is about
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
has_specified_input
is_specified_input_of
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
has_specified_output
is_specified_output_of
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
This relation obtains between a a objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
inheres in
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
bearer of
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates in
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
has participant
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
role of
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has role
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives from
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives into
A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
has negative regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
has positive regulatory component activity
w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
ends after
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
immediately precedes
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
overlaps
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
has component
process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
regulates
Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
negatively regulates
Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
positively regulates
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
capable of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
capable of part of
temporally related to
Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with.
Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with.
ends
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
has output
Any relationship between an exposure event or process and any other entity.
c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
A relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causally effects an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event.
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
inheres in part of
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
mereotopologically related to
enables
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
functionally related to
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
part of structure that is capable of
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
involved in
enabled by
regulated by
negatively regulated by
positively regulated by
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
has member
input of
output of
causally downstream of
immediately causally downstream of
This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes
causally related to
p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain
causally upstream of
p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q.
immediately causally upstream of
p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q.
inverse of causally upstream of or within
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
involved in or involved in regulation of
c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly negatively regulates activity of
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly positively regulates activity of
helper property (not for use in curation)
p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
relation between physical entity and a process or stage
x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y).
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q.
molecular interaction relation helper property
The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).
A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute.
Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
causal relation between material entity and a process
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2.
Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2.
Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.
acts upstream of or within, positive effect
acts upstream of or within, negative effect
c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
causally upstream of or within, negative effect
causally upstream of or within, positive effect
The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B.
q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale.
q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale.
q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale.
q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e.
entity
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
occurrent
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
process
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
quality
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
specifically dependent continuant
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
role
fiat object
fiat object part
object
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
generically dependent continuant
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
immaterial entity
anatomical entity
material anatomical entity
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system
A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.
An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.
Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting.
A molecular entity that can transfer an electron to another molecular entity.
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.
A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom.
A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom.
A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food.
An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.
A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).
A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.
'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis(dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins
Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.
A haloacetate(1-) resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of chloroacetic acid.
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
A substance used to destroy plant pests.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.
A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors
mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor
mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution.
An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
Any organic ion with a net positive charge.
An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom.
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.
Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.
An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.
Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.
A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.
A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.
Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.
Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.
A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).
A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.
A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium.
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid.
The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.
A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
A particle not known to have substructure.
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
Any material that can be ingested by an organism.
An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.
A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.
Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene, so may be considered as triterpenoids.
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases.
A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.
A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated.
Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections.
A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections.
A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin).
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy).
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.
Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.
A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.
An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1).
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation.
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').
A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition.
Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc.
A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein.
An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity.
A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds.
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor.
Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases.
Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own.
Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances.
Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.
A role played by a molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment.
A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells.
A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.
Compounds containing a tetracene skeleton.
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties.
Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes.
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.
An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
Conjugate acid of carbon monoxide arising from protonation of the carbon; major species at pH 7.3.
A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.
A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.
A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction.
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents.
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299).
Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
An organic anion that is the conjugate base of tetracycline obtained by deprotonation of the two enolic hydroxy groups and protonation of the tertiary amino group.
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions.
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.
A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans.
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*).
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*.*).
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.14.*.*).
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitor of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitors
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using reduced flavin or flavoprotein as donor (EC 1.14.14.*).
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
An EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*).
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an unspecified monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1).
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitors
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitor
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitors
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitor
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitors
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitor
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of tetracycline. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container.
A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container.
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire.
Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.
An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill.
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna.
A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a haloacetic acid.
A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to radiation.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to electromagnetic radiation.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to ultraviolet radiation.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to visible spectrum radiation.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental material.
An exposure to organic molecular entity.
An exposure to transition element molecular entity.
exposure to transition element molecular entity
exposure to chemical with biological effect
An exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor.
exposure to mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
An exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor.
exposure to EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
An exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor.
exposure to EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
An exposure to environmental contaminant.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to temperature of environmental material.
temperature of environmental material exposure
exposure to temperature of environmental surroundings
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to temperature of air.
exposure to temperature of air in surroundings
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of air.
exposure to decreased amount in temperature of air
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased temperature.
An exposure event involving Alcohol Consumption
An exposure to cadmium molecular entity.
An exposure to mercury molecular entity.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to quality.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to qualitative.
exposure to qualitative environmental quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to process quality.
exposure to environmental process quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to physical object quality.
exposure to environmental physical object quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to layer.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental disposition.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to manufactured product.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental system.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to the condition of environmental condition.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to high temperature environment.
exposure to high temperature environment
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to high pressure environment.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to deviation (from_normal) of quality.
exposure to deviation (from_normal) in quality
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased temperature.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of salt.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of salt.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of pressure of air.
exposure to increased amount in pressure of air
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased pressure.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased pressure.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to frozen of liquid water.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to frozen of air.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of soil.
exposure to increased amount in temperature of soil
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of soil.
exposure to decreased amount in temperature of soil
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of water.
exposure to increased amount in temperature of water
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of temperature of water.
exposure to decreased amount in temperature of water
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of pressure of water.
exposure to decreased amount in pressure of water
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of temperature of air.
exposure to increased amount in temperature of air
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to increased amount of pressure of water.
exposure to increased amount in pressure of water
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to decreased amount of pressure of air.
exposure to decreased amount in pressure of air
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to geographic feature.
An exposure event involving Personal Behavior
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to clay.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to soil.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to rock.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to sand.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to stellar radiation.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to gaseous environmental material.
exposure to gaseous environmental material
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to liquid water.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to air.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to particulate matter.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to organic material.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to snow.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to mineral material.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to permafrost.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to chemically enriched sediment.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to aerosol.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to contaminated water.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to sea water.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to environmental system process.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to atmospheric process.
A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to anthropogenic modulatory intervention process.
anthropogenic modulatory intervention process exposure
exposure to anthropogenic modulatory intervention process
An exposure to chlorine molecular entity.
An exposure to inorganic molecular entity.
An exposure to nitrogen molecular entity.
An exposure to protein synthesis inhibitor.
An exposure to antimicrobial food preservative.
exposure to antimicrobial food preservative
An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event.
An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stressor during an exposure event.
An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor.
Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products.
food product
A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae.
vertebrate animal food product
fermented beverage
invertebrate animal food product
food (fermented)
A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process.
food fermentation
An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.
alcoholic beverage
A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition)
food product by meal type
A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism.
food product by organism
Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience
food
foodstuff
nourishment
sustenance
food material
A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product
food transformation process
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata.
animal
invertebrate animal
A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms.
multi-component food product
A food product organized by the process which it results from.
food product by process
A multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic organism within the kingdom Animalia.
A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet).
vegetarian food
vegetarian food product
A liquid prepared for consumption, or a product that can be combined with water or milk to make one.
beverage food product
A multiple-component food product typically containing a protein source, a vegetable, and a potato, rice or cereal-based component packaged to be served after heating, either as separate items or courses or mixed as recipe components; see 21 CFR 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 for nutritional quality guidelines.
multicomponent meal (us cfr)
Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. Prepared foods often undergo several of the processes listed in *F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT* and *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*; these factors should be carefully considered in indexing. The classification of prepared food products emphasizes consumption characteristics. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
prepared food product (us cfr)
Alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages, fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, and vegetable juices. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
beverage (us cfr)
Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
USA agency food product type
An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium.
agency food product type
Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL.
U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type
Any chemical or chemical mixture that exists in a food material or was added to a food material.
chemical food component
Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones.
mammal
A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described.
vertebrate animal
This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups.
food product organismal source
food additive
Used to specifically characterize a food product based on the treatment or processes applied to the product or any indexed ingredient. The processes include adding, substituting or removing components or modifying the food or component, e.g., through fermentation.
food treatment process
A food modification process by microbial or enzymatic action which results in molecular changes in any food component.
microbial/enzymatic modification process
food modification process
The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated.
food preservation process
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process.
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
metabolic process resulting in cell growth
multicellular organism metabolic process
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
objective specification
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take
action specification
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
data item
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
information content entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
directive information entity
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
curation status specification
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
plan specification
A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres.
material information bearer
The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
obsolescence reason specification
A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
denotator type
Phenotypic observation of the presence or absence of a pathological entity.
Anatomically located instance of pathological response or entity.
Physical entity or structure associated with normal or abnormal tissue healing or repair following extrinsic or intrinsic damage.
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation.
Consumption of liquids containing ethanol, including the behaviors associated with drinking the alcohol.
The actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment or surrounding world of stimuli.
A grouping of occupations and fields of study.
An organizational header for concepts representing mostly abstract entities.
The principal activity that a person does to earn money.
An active process; excludes processes and mechanisms which fulfill biological functions.
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
planned process
a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
specimen role
A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts.
collection of specimens
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
organism
A material entity that has the specimen role.
specimen
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism.
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence.
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts.
extra or missing physical or functional parts
A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
A process occurring within or in the vicinity of an organism that exerts some causal influence on the organism via the interaction between an exposure stimulus and an exposure receptor. The exposure stimulus may be a process, material entity or condition (for example, lack of nutrients). The exposure receptor can be an organism, organism population or a part of an organism.
An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity.
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage.
A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo.
stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure
An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism.
A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism.
A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction.
The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula.
An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism.
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
example to be eventually removed
The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
failed exploratory term
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
organizational term
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
placeholder removed
terms merged
term imported
term split
universal
A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
defined class
A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
named class expression
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
to be replaced with external ontology term
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
requires discussion