Vertebrate Breed Ontology is an ontology created to serve as a single computable resource for vertebrate breed names. Vertebrate Breed Ontology 2023-06-02 editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative label A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label has ID digit count Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count has ID range allocated Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for has ID prefix Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology is allocated id range has ontology root term Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. Nicolas Matentzoglu has ontology root term may be identical to A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland #40 VFB Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to scheduled for obsoletion on or after Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI has axiom label term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL. OBO Operations call logical characteristic of object property 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . } Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation. defined by construct CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation) A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initalisms 2023-03-03 abbreviation A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms 2023-03-03 ambiguous synonym A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms 2023-03-03 dubious synonym EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym) A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms 2023-03-03 layperson synonym CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form) A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms 2023-03-03 plural form CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym) A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants 2023-03-03 UK spelling synonym If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive breed code breed recognition status exists_in_country This annotation property refers to the country in which the breed exist, by using the UN ISO standard three-letter country codes. The numeric codes are available from https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html exists_in_country_ISOcode has_domestication_status refers to a breed reported in single country, as defined in DAD-IS (https://www.fao.org/dad-is) local breed most common name refers to the instance of the transboundary breed in a particular country, as defined in DAD-IS (https://www.fao.org/dad-is) national breed population description of origin refers to a breed reported in several different countries, as defined in DAD-IS (https://www.fao.org/dad-is) transboundary subset_property An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 database_cross_reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has narrow synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has_synonym_type in_subset is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps true w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in capable of part of true Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables enabled by inverse of regulates regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by inverse of has input input of A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with inverse of upstream of causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) is kinase activity A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant spatial region An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role function An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity immaterial entity A material entity that is a maximal functionally integrated unit that develops from a program encoded in a genome. "Maximal functionally integrated unit" is intended to express unity, which Barry considers synonymous with BFO 'object'. Includes virus - we will later have a class for cellular organisms. organism cellular organism A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. molecular function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. GOC:pdt A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines data item data item information content entity information content entity curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification denotator type The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type ontology module I have placed this under 'data about an ontology part', but this can be discussed. I think this is OK if 'part' is interpreted reflexively, as an ontology module is the whole ontology rather than part of it. ontology file This class and it's subclasses are applied to OWL ontologies. Using an rdf:type triple will result in problems with OWL-DL. I propose that dcterms:type is instead used to connect an ontology URI with a class from this hierarchy. The class hierarchy is not disjoint, so multiple assertions can be made about a single ontology. ontology module base ontology module An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. base ontology module editors ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. source ontology module editors ontology module main release ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. TODO: Add logical axioms that state that a main release ontology module is derived from (directly or indirectly) an editors module main release ontology module bridge ontology module An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module. bridge ontology module import ontology module A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology. TODO: add axioms that indicate this is the output of a module extraction process. import file import ontology module subset ontology module An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. ontology slim subset ontology subset ontology module curation subset ontology module A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. curation subset ontology module analysis ontology module An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. analysis subset ontology module single layer ontology module A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. ribbon subset single layer subset ontology module exclusion subset ontology module A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. antislim exclusion subset ontology module external import ontology module An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach. external import external import ontology module species subset ontology module A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species. taxon subset species subset ontology module reasoned ontology module An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. reasoned ontology module generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV. TODO: Add axioms (using PROV-O?) that indicate this is the output-of some reasoning process generated ontology module template generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template. template generated ontology module taxonomic bridge ontology module taxonomic bridge ontology module ontology module subsetted by expressivity ontology module subsetted by expressivity obo basic subset ontology module A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports obo basic subset ontology module ontology module subsetted by OWL profile ontology module subsetted by OWL profile EL++ ontology module EL++ ontology module GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy all NCBITaxon:1 root all GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:10040 Peromyscus NCBITaxon:162312 GC_ID:1 North American deer mouse ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:10042 Peromyscus maniculatus North American deer mouse GC_ID:1 cavies ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:10139 Caviidae cavies GC_ID:1 guinea pigs guinea-pigs ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:10140 Cavia guinea pigs guinea-pigs NCBITaxon:84274 GC_ID:1 domestic guinea pig guinea pig ncbi_taxonomy Cavia aperea porcellus Cavia cobaya Mus porcellus NCBITaxon:10141 Cavia porcellus domestic guinea pig guinea pig Cavia aperea porcellus Cavia cobaya Mus porcellus GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:117570 Teleostomi NCBITaxon:40673 GC_ID:1 bony vertebrates ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:117571 Euteleostomi bony vertebrates GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms biota GC_ID:1 PMID:22839753 PMID:25450099 ncbi_taxonomy Archosauria-Testudines Testudines + Archosauria group NCBITaxon:1329799 Archelosauria Archosauria-Testudines Testudines + Archosauria group GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:1338369 Dipnotetrapodomorpha GC_ID:1 PMID:11743200 PMID:11791233 ncbi_taxonomy Boreotheria NCBITaxon:1437010 Boreoeutheria Boreotheria GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Galloanseri ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies NCBITaxon:1549675 Galloanserae Galloanseri ducks, geese, chickens, fowl, quail, currasows and allies GC_ID:1 mice and others ncbi_taxonomy Sciurognathi NCBITaxon:1963758 Myomorpha mice and others Sciurognathi GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:2068716 Anatinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:2068722 Anserinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:2607030 Caprimulgimorphae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:2607033 Apodinae GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:27592 Bovinae GC_ID:1 domestic yak yak ncbi_taxonomy Bos mutus grunniens Peophagus grunniens NCBITaxon:30521 Bos grunniens domestic yak yak Bos mutus grunniens Peophagus grunniens GC_ID:1 PMID:11749713 alpaca ncbi_taxonomy Camelus pacos Lama guanicoe pacos Lama pacos NCBITaxon:30538 Vicugna pacos alpaca Camelus pacos Lama guanicoe pacos Lama pacos GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:30539 Vicugna GC_ID:1 PMID:11214318 PMID:11214319 PMID:12878460 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:314145 Laurasiatheria GC_ID:1 PMID:11214319 PMID:12082125 PMID:12878460 PMID:15522813 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:314146 Euarchontoglires GC_ID:1 PMID:11214319 PMID:12082125 PMID:15522813 Rodents and rabbits ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:314147 Glires Rodents and rabbits GC_ID:1 tetrapods ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:32523 Tetrapoda tetrapods GC_ID:1 amniotes ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:32524 Amniota amniotes GC_ID:1 Theria ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:32525 Theria <mammals> Theria GC_ID:1 diapsids ncbi_taxonomy Diapsida NCBITaxon:32561 Sauria diapsids Diapsida GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts GC_ID:1 metazoans multicellular animals ncbi_taxonomy Animalia animals NCBITaxon:33208 Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:33213 Bilateria GC_ID:1 deuterostomes ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:33511 Deuterostomia deuterostomes GC_ID:1 guinea pigs and others ncbi_taxonomy Hystricognathi NCBITaxon:33550 Hystricomorpha guinea pigs and others Hystricognathi GC_ID:1 carnivores ncbi_taxonomy carnivores NCBITaxon:33554 Carnivora carnivores carnivores GC_ID:1 PMID:15371245 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:337677 Cricetidae GC_ID:1 PMID:15019624 PMID:15371245 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:337687 Muroidea GC_ID:1 PMID:15371245 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:337963 Neotominae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:338152 Felinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:34878 Cervinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Suiformes NCBITaxon:35497 Suina Suiformes GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:35500 Pecora GC_ID:1 bighorn sheep ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:37174 Ovis canadensis bighorn sheep GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:379583 Feliformia GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:379584 Caniformia GC_ID:1 mammals ncbi_taxonomy mammals NCBITaxon:40674 Mammalia mammals mammals GC_ID:1 dinosaur dinosaurs ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:436486 Dinosauria dinosaur dinosaurs GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:436489 Saurischia GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:436491 Theropoda GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:436492 Coelurosauria GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:46474 Aerodramus GC_ID:1 edible-nest swiftlet ncbi_taxonomy Collocalia fuciphaga Hirundo fuciphaga NCBITaxon:46478 Aerodramus fuciphagus edible-nest swiftlet Collocalia fuciphaga Hirundo fuciphaga GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:466544 Perdicinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:466552 Meleagridinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:6072 Eumetazoa GC_ID:1 chordates ncbi_taxonomy chordates NCBITaxon:7711 Chordata chordates chordates GC_ID:1 Vertebrata vertebrates ncbi_taxonomy vertebrates NCBITaxon:7742 Vertebrata <vertebrates> Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates GC_ID:1 Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:7776 Gnathostomata <vertebrates> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8287 Sarcopterygii GC_ID:1 sauropsids ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8457 Sauropsida sauropsids GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8492 Archosauria GC_ID:1 birds ncbi_taxonomy avian birds NCBITaxon:8782 Aves birds avian birds GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8783 Palaeognathae GC_ID:1 Emu and cassowaries ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8784 Casuariiformes Emu and cassowaries GC_ID:1 cassowaries ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8785 Casuariidae cassowaries GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8786 Casuarius GC_ID:1 Australian cassowary double-wattled cassowary southern cassowary ncbi_taxonomy Struthio casuarius NCBITaxon:8787 Casuarius casuarius Australian cassowary double-wattled cassowary southern cassowary Struthio casuarius GC_ID:1 emus ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8788 Dromaiidae emus GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8789 Dromaius NCBITaxon:8791 GC_ID:1 emu ncbi_taxonomy Casuarius novaehollandiae Dromaius novae-hollandiae NCBITaxon:8790 Dromaius novaehollandiae emu Casuarius novaehollandiae Dromaius novae-hollandiae GC_ID:1 rheas ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8792 Rheiformes rheas GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8793 Rheidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8796 Rhea GC_ID:1 ostriches ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8798 Struthioniformes ostriches GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8799 Struthionidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8800 Struthio GC_ID:1 African ostrich ostrich ncbi_taxonomy Struthio camelus domesticus NCBITaxon:8801 Struthio camelus African ostrich ostrich Struthio camelus domesticus GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8825 Neognathae GC_ID:1 ducks, geese and swans ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8826 Anseriformes ducks, geese and swans GC_ID:1 waterfowl ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8830 Anatidae waterfowl GC_ID:1 ducks ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8835 Anas ducks NCBITaxon:36478 NCBITaxon:98961 GC_ID:1 duck mallard mallard duck mallard ducks ncbi_taxonomy Anas boschas Anas domesticus Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica NCBITaxon:8839 Anas platyrhynchos duck mallard mallard duck mallard ducks Anas boschas Anas domesticus Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica GC_ID:1 domestic duck x muscovy duck ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8841 Anas platyrhynchos x Cairina moschata domestic duck x muscovy duck NCBITaxon:8890 GC_ID:1 geese ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8842 Anser geese GC_ID:1 Domestic goose graylag goose greylag goose ncbi_taxonomy Anas anser NCBITaxon:8843 Anser anser Domestic goose graylag goose greylag goose Anas anser GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8854 Cairina GC_ID:1 Muscovy duck muscovy musky duck ncbi_taxonomy Anas moschata NCBITaxon:8855 Cairina moschata Muscovy duck muscovy musky duck Anas moschata NCBITaxon:9241 GC_ID:1 swifts and hummingbirds ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8892 Apodiformes swifts and hummingbirds GC_ID:1 swifts ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8893 Apodidae swifts GC_ID:1 pigeons and others ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8929 Columbiformes pigeons and others GC_ID:1 pigeons ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8930 Columbidae pigeons GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8931 Columba NCBITaxon:36506 GC_ID:1 Columba domestica carrier pigeon domestic pigeon rock dove rock pigeon ncbi_taxonomy Columba livia domestica NCBITaxon:8932 Columba livia Columba domestica carrier pigeon domestic pigeon rock dove rock pigeon Columba livia domestica NCBITaxon:34864 NCBITaxon:9919 GC_ID:1 domestic water buffalo river buffalo water buffalo ncbi_taxonomy Bos bubalis Bubalus arnee bubalis NCBITaxon:89462 Bubalus bubalis domestic water buffalo river buffalo water buffalo Bos bubalis Bubalus arnee bubalis GC_ID:1 Craniata ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:89593 Craniata <chordates> Craniata GC_ID:1 landfowls ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8976 Galliformes landfowls GC_ID:1 guineafowls ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:8990 Numididae guineafowls NCBITaxon:9099 GC_ID:1 turkeys ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9005 Phasianidae turkeys GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9030 Gallus GC_ID:1 Gallus domesticus bantam chicken chickens ncbi_taxonomy Gallus gallus domesticus Phasianus gallus NCBITaxon:9031 Gallus gallus Gallus domesticus bantam chicken chickens Gallus gallus domesticus Phasianus gallus GC_ID:1 peafowls ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9048 Pavo peafowls GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9072 Phasianinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9090 Coturnix GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9102 Meleagris GC_ID:1 common turkey turkey wild turkey ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9103 Meleagris gallopavo common turkey turkey wild turkey GC_ID:1 whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. ncbi_taxonomy Cetartiodactyla even-toed ungulates NCBITaxon:91561 Artiodactyla whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. Cetartiodactyla even-toed ungulates GC_ID:1 eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals ncbi_taxonomy Placentalia placentals NCBITaxon:9347 Eutheria eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals GC_ID:1 dog, coyote, wolf, fox ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9608 Canidae dog, coyote, wolf, fox GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9611 Canis GC_ID:1 gray wolf grey wolf ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9612 Canis lupus gray wolf grey wolf GC_ID:1 dog dogs ncbi_taxonomy Canis canis Canis domesticus Canis familiaris NCBITaxon:9615 Canis lupus familiaris dog dogs Canis canis Canis domesticus Canis familiaris GC_ID:1 cat family ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9681 Felidae cat family GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9682 Felis NCBITaxon:36475 GC_ID:1 PMID:17600185 PMID:8581300 PMID:8603894 cat cats domestic cat ncbi_taxonomy Felis domesticus Felis silvestris catus NCBITaxon:9685 Felis catus cat cats domestic cat Felis domesticus Felis silvestris catus GC_ID:1 odd-toed ungulates ncbi_taxonomy odd-toed ungulates NCBITaxon:9787 Perissodactyla odd-toed ungulates odd-toed ungulates GC_ID:1 horses ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9788 Equidae horses NCBITaxon:1225530 NCBITaxon:35506 NCBITaxon:35507 NCBITaxon:35508 NCBITaxon:35509 NCBITaxon:35510 NCBITaxon:475184 GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Amerhippus Asinus Dolichohippus Equus subg. Amerhippus Equus subg. Asinus Equus subg. Dolichohippus Equus subg. Equus Equus subg. Hemionus Equus subg. Hippotigris Equus subgen. Sussemionus Hemionus Hippotigris Sussemionus NCBITaxon:9789 Equus Amerhippus Asinus Dolichohippus Equus subg. Amerhippus Equus subg. Asinus Equus subg. Dolichohippus Equus subg. Equus Equus subg. Hemionus Equus subg. Hippotigris Equus subgen. Sussemionus Hemionus Hippotigris Sussemionus NCBITaxon:9797 GC_ID:1 African ass African wild ass Somali wild ass ass domestic ass donkey ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9793 Equus asinus African ass African wild ass Somali wild ass ass domestic ass donkey GC_ID:1 domestic horse equine horse ncbi_taxonomy Equus przewalskii f. caballus Equus przewalskii forma caballus NCBITaxon:9796 Equus caballus domestic horse equine horse Equus przewalskii f. caballus Equus przewalskii forma caballus NCBITaxon:39423 GC_ID:1 boars pigs ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9821 Suidae boars pigs GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9822 Sus GC_ID:1 pig pigs swine wild boar ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9823 Sus scrofa pig pigs swine wild boar GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9834 Tylopoda GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9835 Camelidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9836 Camelus GC_ID:1 Bactrian camel camel domestic Bactrian camel two-humped camel ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9837 Camelus bactrianus Bactrian camel camel domestic Bactrian camel two-humped camel GC_ID:1 Arabian camel camel dromedaries dromedary dromedary camel one-humped camel ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9838 Camelus dromedarius Arabian camel camel dromedaries dromedary dromedary camel one-humped camel GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9839 Lama GC_ID:1 guanaco ncbi_taxonomy Lama guanicoe guanaco NCBITaxon:9840 Lama guanicoe guanaco Lama guanicoe guanaco GC_ID:1 PMID:11749713 vicugna vicuna ncbi_taxonomy Camelus vicugna Lama vicugna NCBITaxon:9843 Vicugna vicugna vicugna vicuna Camelus vicugna Lama vicugna GC_ID:1 PMID:11749713 llama ncbi_taxonomy Camelus glama Lama guanicoe glama NCBITaxon:9844 Lama glama llama Camelus glama Lama guanicoe glama GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9845 Ruminantia GC_ID:1 deer ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9850 Cervidae deer GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9895 Bovidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9900 Bison GC_ID:1 American bison Bison ncbi_taxonomy Bos (Bison) bison Bos bison NCBITaxon:9901 Bison bison American bison Bison Bos (Bison) bison Bos bison GC_ID:1 oxen, cattle ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9903 Bos oxen, cattle NCBITaxon:272461 GC_ID:1 bovine cattle cow dairy cow domestic cattle domestic cow ox oxen ncbi_taxonomy Bos bovis Bos primigenius taurus NCBITaxon:9913 Bos taurus bovine cattle cow dairy cow domestic cattle domestic cow ox oxen Bos bovis Bos primigenius taurus GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9918 Bubalus GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9922 Capra NCBITaxon:57076 GC_ID:1 domestic goat goat goats ncbi_taxonomy Capra aegagrus hircus NCBITaxon:9925 Capra hircus domestic goat goat goats Capra aegagrus hircus GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9935 Ovis NCBITaxon:9936 GC_ID:1 domestic sheep lambs sheep wild sheep ncbi_taxonomy Ovis ammon aries Ovis orientalis aries Ovis ovis NCBITaxon:9940 Ovis aries domestic sheep lambs sheep wild sheep Ovis ammon aries Ovis orientalis aries Ovis ovis GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9963 Caprinae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy rabbits & hares NCBITaxon:9975 Lagomorpha rabbits & hares GC_ID:1 rabbits and hares ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9979 Leporidae rabbits and hares GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:9984 Oryctolagus NCBITaxon:34833 NCBITaxon:9985 GC_ID:1 European rabbit Japanese white rabbit domestic rabbit rabbit rabbits ncbi_taxonomy Lepus cuniculus NCBITaxon:9986 Oryctolagus cuniculus European rabbit Japanese white rabbit domestic rabbit rabbit rabbits Lepus cuniculus GC_ID:1 rodent ncbi_taxonomy rodents NCBITaxon:9989 Rodentia rodent rodents A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dromedary Bactrian Camel DOI:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103038 DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2015.02.006 DOI:10.5252/az2014n2a06 DOI:10.9755/ejfa.v26i4.17271 PMID:25831121 PMID:26161164 PMID:29746547 PMID:31969478 PMID:33409310 https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alpaca Alpaca (Alpaca) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alpaca https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Huacaya Huacaya (Alpaca) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Huacaya https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Suri Suri (Alpaca) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Suri https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is American Bison American Bison (American Bison) https://www.fao.org/dad-is American Bison https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Andaluza Andaluza (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Andaluza https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Balearic donkey breed Balearic donkey breed (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Balearic donkey breed https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Burro Criollo Burro Criollo (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Burro Criollo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Burro Kentucky Burro Kentucky (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Burro Kentucky https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Cyprus Cyprus (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Cyprus https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Damascus Damascus (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Damascus https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dongolawi Dongolawi (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dongolawi https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hamadan Hamadan (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hamadan https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Khulan Khulan (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Khulan https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is l’Ane Africain l’Ane Africain (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is l’Ane Africain https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Majorero Majorero (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Majorero https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mammoth Jack Stock Mammoth Jack Stock (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mammoth Jack Stock https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Masai Masai (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Masai https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Meskhet-Javakhet Meskhet-Javakhet (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Meskhet-Javakhet https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Native of North Africa Native of North Africa (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Native of North Africa https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pega Pega (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pega https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Poitou Poitou (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Poitou https://www.fao.org/dad-is Poitou https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Somali Somali (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Somali https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Somali Wild Ass Somali Wild Ass (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Somali Wild Ass https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Syrian Syrian (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Syrian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Tibetan Tibetan (Ass) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Tibetan https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kazakh Bactrian Kazakh Bactrian (Bactrian camel) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kazakh Bactrian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mongolian Bactrian Mongolian Bactrian (Bactrian camel) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mongolian Bactrian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Anatolian Water Buffalo Anatolian Water Buffalo (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Anatolian Water Buffalo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Arni Arni (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Arni https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Borneo Buffalo Borneo Buffalo (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Borneo Buffalo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is buffalo buffalo (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is buffalo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Buffalypso Buffalypso (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Buffalypso https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Caucasian Caucasian (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Caucasian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Egyptian Egyptian (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Egyptian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Georgian buffalo Georgian buffalo (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Georgian buffalo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jafarabadi Jafarabadi (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jafarabadi https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mediterranean Mediterranean (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mediterranean https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mehsana Mehsana (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mehsana https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murrah Murrah (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murrah https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murrah https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nili Nili (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nili https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nili-Ravi Nili-Ravi (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nili-Ravi https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is None None (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is None https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Philippine Carabao Philippine Carabao (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Philippine Carabao https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is riverine buffalo riverine buffalo (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is riverine buffalo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Surti Surti (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Surti https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Swamp Swamp buffalo Swamp buffalo (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Swamp https://omia.org Swamp buffalo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Tarai Tarai (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Tarai https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is water buffalo water buffalo (Buffalo) https://www.fao.org/dad-is water buffalo 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Afrikander Afrikaner Africander (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Africander https://www.fao.org/dad-is Afrikander https://omia.org Afrikaner https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is AFS AFS (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is AFS https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ala Tau Ala-Tau Ala-Tau (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ala Tau https://omia.org Ala-Tau https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alistana-Sanabresa Alistana-Sanabresa (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alistana-Sanabresa https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alpha 16 Alpha 16 (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alpha 16 https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is American Dutch Belted American Dutch Belted (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is American Dutch Belted https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Anatolian Grey Anatolian Grey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Anatolian Grey https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Andalusian Grey Andalusian Grey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Andalusian Grey https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angeln Angeln (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angeln https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angeln https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angoni Angoni (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angoni https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angoni https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angus Angus (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angus https://www.fao.org/dad-is Angus https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ankole Ankole (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ankole https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ankole https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ansbach-Triesdorfer Ansbach-Triesdorfer (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ansbach-Triesdorfer https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Arado Arado (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Arado https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Argentine Criollo Criolla Criollo Argentine Criollo (Cattle) 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(Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Azerbaijan Zebu https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bahima Bahima (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bahima https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Balancer Balancer (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Balancer https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bali Bali (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bali https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bambara Bambara (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bambara https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bambawa Bambawa (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bambawa https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Banteng Banteng (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Banteng https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Baoule Baoulé Baoulé (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Baoule https://omia.org Baoulé https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Barka Barka (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Barka https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Barotse Barotse (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Barotse https://www.fao.org/dad-is Barotse https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bazadais Bazadais (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bazadais https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bearnais Bearnais (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bearnais https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beef Fleckvieh Beef Fleckvieh (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beef Fleckvieh https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beef Pinzgau Beef Pinzgau (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beef Pinzgau https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beef Shorthorn Beef Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beef Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beefalo Beefalo (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beefalo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Beefmaster Beefmaster (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is 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https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Betizuak Betizuak (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Betizuak https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bhagnari Bhagnari (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bhagnari https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blaarkop Blaarkop (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blaarkop https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Black-Motley Black-Motley (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Black-Motley https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blended Milking Shorthorn Blended Milking Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blended Milking Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bleue du Nord Bleue du Nord (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bleue du Nord https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blonde d'Aquitaine Blonde d'Aquitaine (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blonde d'Aquitaine https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blonde d'Aquitaine https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blondes Blondes (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Blondes https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bokolodji Bokolodji (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bokolodji https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bonsmara Bonsmara (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bonsmara https://www.fao.org/dad-is Bonsmara https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Boran Boran (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Boran https://www.fao.org/dad-is Boran https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Borgou Borgou (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Borgou https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Braford Braford (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Braford https://www.fao.org/dad-is Braford https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Brahman Brahman (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Brahman https://www.fao.org/dad-is Brahman https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is brand name Carinthian Blond brand name Carinthian Blond (Cattle) 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Asian Zebu (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Central Asian Zebu https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chaqueno Chaqueno (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chaqueno https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Charbray Charbray (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Charbray https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Charolais Charolais (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Charolais https://www.fao.org/dad-is Charolais https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chianina Chianina (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chianina https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chianina https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chillingham Chillingham (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chillingham https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chillingham https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chusco Chusco (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Chusco https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Creole Creole (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Creole https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Czech Red Czech Red (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Czech Red https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dahomey Dahomey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dahomey https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dairy Gir Dairy Gir (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dairy Gir https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dairy Shorthorn Dairy Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dairy Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dairy Shorthorn https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population) Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population) (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population) https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Damara Damara (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Damara https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Danakil Danakil (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Danakil https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Danish Holstein 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(Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dutch Belted https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dutch Belted https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dutch Friesian Dutch Friesian (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Dutch Friesian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Estonian Native Cattle Estonian Native Cattle (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Estonian Native Cattle https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Estonian Red Estonian Red (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Estonian Red https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ethiopian Boran Ethiopian Boran (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ethiopian Boran https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ferrandais Ferrandais (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ferrandais https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Fighting Bull Fighting Bull (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Fighting Bull https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Frieiresa Frieiresa (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Frieiresa https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Fries Hollands Fries Hollands (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Fries Hollands https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Galician Blond Galician Blond (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Galician Blond https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Galloway Galloway (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Galloway https://www.fao.org/dad-is Galloway https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gambian N'dama Gambian N'dama (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gambian N'dama https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gascon Gasconne Gascon (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gascon https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gasconne https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gaur Gaur (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gaur https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gelbrah Gelbrah (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gelbrah https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Franconian Gelbvieh Gelbvieh (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Franconian https://omia.org Gelbvieh https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gelbvieh https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Georgian Mountain Georgian Mountain (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Georgian Mountain https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is German Shorthorn German Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is German Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gir Gyr Gir (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gir https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gir https://omia.org Gyr https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Girolanda Girolando Girolando (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Girolanda https://omia.org Girolando https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Glan Glan (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Glan https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Glan Donnersberg Glan Donnersberg (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Glan Donnersberg https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gloucester Gloucester (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gloucester https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gorbatov Red Gorbatov Red (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Gorbatov Red https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Goudali Goudali (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Goudali https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alpine Grey Grauvieh Grauvieh (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Alpine Grey https://omia.org Grauvieh https://www.fao.org/dad-is Grauvieh https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Greater Caucasus Greater Caucasus (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Greater Caucasus https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Greek Shorthorn Greek Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Greek Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Groningen Groningen White-Headed Groningen White-Headed (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Groningen https://omia.org Groningen White-Headed https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guabala Guabala (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guabala https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guernsey Guernsey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guernsey https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guernsey https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guzera Guzerat Guzerá Guzerat (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guzera https://omia.org Guzerat https://www.fao.org/dad-is Guzerat https://omia.org Guzerá https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hanwoo Hanwoo (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hanwoo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hariana Hariana (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hariana https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hariana https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Heck Cattle Heck Cattle (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Heck Cattle https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hereford Hereford (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hereford https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hereford https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Eringer Herens Herens (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Eringer https://omia.org Herens https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Highland Scottish Highland West Highland Highland (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Highland https://www.fao.org/dad-is Highland https://omia.org Scottish Highland https://omia.org West Highland https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hinterwald Hinterwalder Hinterwald (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hinterwald https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hinterwalder https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hissar Hissar (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hissar https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Black and White Friesian Holstein Holstein (black and white) Nordic Holstein Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle Holstein (black and white) (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Black and White https://omia.org Friesian https://omia.org Holstein https://omia.org Holstein (black and white) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nordic Holstein https://omia.org Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Holstein (red and white) Meuse Rhine Yssel Red Holstein Friesian Red and White Holstein (red and white) (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Holstein (red and white) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Meuse Rhine Yssel https://omia.org Red Holstein Friesian https://omia.org Red and White https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Holstein Friesian Holstein-Friesian Holstein Friesian (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Holstein Friesian https://www.fao.org/dad-is Holstein Friesian https://omia.org Holstein-Friesian https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hungarian Grey Hungarian Grey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Hungarian Grey https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Icelandic Cattle Icelandic Cattle (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Icelandic Cattle https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Australian Illawarra Shorthorn Illawarra Shorthorn Illawarra Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Australian Illawarra Shorthorn https://omia.org Illawarra Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Indo-Brasilian Indo-Brasilian (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Indo-Brasilian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Inra 95 Inra 95 (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Inra 95 https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Irish Moiled Irish Moiled (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Irish Moiled https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Istoben Istoben (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Istoben https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jamaica Hope Jamaica Hope (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jamaica Hope https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Japanese Native Japanese Native (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Japanese Native https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jersey Jersey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jersey https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jersey https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jiddu Jiddu (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jiddu https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jutland Cattle Jutland Cattle (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Jutland Cattle https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kalmyk Kalmyk (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kalmyk https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kalmyk https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kangayam Kangayam (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kangayam https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Katerini Katerini (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Katerini https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kazakh Mongolian Turano Kazakh (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kazakh https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mongolian Turano https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kazakh Whiteheaded Whiteheaded Kazakh Kazakh Whiteheaded (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kazakh Whiteheaded https://www.fao.org/dad-is Whiteheaded Kazakh https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kerry Kerry (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kerry https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kerry https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Khillar Khillari Khillari (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Khillar https://omia.org Khillari https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kholmogor Kholmogory Kholmogory (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kholmogor https://omia.org Kholmogory https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kostroma Kostroma (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kostroma https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kouprey Kouprey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kouprey https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kurdi Kurdi (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kurdi https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kurgan Kurgan (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kurgan https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kuri Kuri (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Kuri https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lagune Lagune (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lagune https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lakenvelder Lakenvelder (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lakenvelder https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lakenvelder https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Latvian Brown Latvian Brown (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Latvian Brown https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lebanese Lebanese (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lebanese https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lebedin Lebedin (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lebedin https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Leonese Leonese (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Leonese https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limangus Limangus (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limangus https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limiá Limiá (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limiá https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limousin Limousin (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limousin https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limousin https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limpurger Limpurger (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Limpurger https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lincoln Red Lincoln Red (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lincoln Red https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lithuanian Red (LR) Lithuanian Red (LR) (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lithuanian Red (LR) https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Longhorn Longhorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Longhorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is Longhorn https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lourdais Lourdais (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lourdais https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lowline Lowline (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lowline https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lugware Lugware (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lugware https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Luing Luing (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Luing https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lulu Lulu (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Lulu https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mölltaler Mölltaler (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mölltaler https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maas-Rijn-Ijssel Red and White Dutch Maas-Rijn-Ijssel (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maas-Rijn-Ijssel https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red and White Dutch https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maine Anjou Maine-Anjou Maine-Anjou (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maine Anjou https://omia.org Maine-Anjou https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Majorcan Majorcan (Cattle) Majorcan https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Malaysian Friesian Sahiwal Malaysian Friesian Sahiwal (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Malaysian Friesian Sahiwal https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Manjaque Manjaque (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Manjaque https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maraichine Maraichine (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maraichine https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Marchigiana Marchigiana (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Marchigiana https://www.fao.org/dad-is Marchigiana https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Marine Landais Marine Landais (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Marine Landais https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Masai Masai (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Masai https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mashona Mashona (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mashona https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mashona https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maure Maure (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Maure https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Megruli Red Megruli Red (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Megruli Red https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Menggu Menggu (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Menggu https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Milking Devon Milking Devon (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Milking Devon https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Milking Shorthorn Milking Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Milking Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mirandesa Mirandesa (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mirandesa https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mithun Mithun (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mithun https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Modica Modicana Modicana (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Modica https://omia.org Modicana https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Monchina Monchina (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Monchina https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mongolian Mongolian (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mongolian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Montana Montana (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Montana https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Montbeliarde Montbéliarde Montbéliarde (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Montbeliarde https://omia.org Montbéliarde https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Morucha Morucha (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Morucha https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mpwapwa Mpwapwa (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Mpwapwa https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murboden Murboden (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murboden https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murboden https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murcian Murcian (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murcian https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murnau Werdenfelser Murnau-Werdenfels Murnau-Werdenfels (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murnau Werdenfelser https://omia.org Murnau-Werdenfels https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murray Grey Murray Grey (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murray Grey https://www.fao.org/dad-is Murray Grey https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Musi Musi (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Musi https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Muturu Muturu West African Muturu (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Muturu https://www.fao.org/dad-is Muturu https://omia.org Muturu West African https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is N'Dama N'dama N'dama (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is N'Dama https://omia.org N'dama https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is N'gabou N'gabou (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is N'gabou https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nantaise Nantaise (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nantaise https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nelore Nelore (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nelore https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Manguni Nguni Nguni (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Manguni https://omia.org Nguni https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nguni https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nil Nil (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nil https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nkone Nkone (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Nkone https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Normande Normandy Normande (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Normande https://www.fao.org/dad-is Normande https://omia.org Normandy https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Norwegian Red Norwegian Red (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Norwegian Red https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ongole Ongole (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Ongole https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Original Angler Original Angler (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Original Angler https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Original Brown Original Brown (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Original Brown https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is German Brown Original German Brown Original German Brown (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is German Brown https://omia.org Original German Brown https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Original Swiss Brown Original Swiss Brown (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Original Swiss Brown https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Palmera Palmera (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Palmera https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Parthenais Parthenaise Parthenais (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Parthenais https://www.fao.org/dad-is Parthenaise https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pie Rouge des Plaines Pie Rouge des Plaines (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pie Rouge des Plaines https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Piedmont Piedmontese Piemontese Piedmont (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Piedmont https://www.fao.org/dad-is Piedmont https://omia.org Piedmontese https://omia.org Piemontese https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pineywoods Pineywoods (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pineywoods https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pinzgau Pinzgauer Pinzgau (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pinzgau https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pinzgau https://omia.org Pinzgauer https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pinzgau polled Pinzgau polled (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pinzgau polled https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Apulian Podolian Podolian Grey Steppe Podolian (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Apulian https://omia.org Podolian https://www.fao.org/dad-is Podolian https://omia.org Podolian Grey Steppe https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is polish black and white polish black and white (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is polish black and white https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polish Red Polish Red (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polish Red https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polish Red https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polish red and white Polish red and white (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polish red and white https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polish Whitebacked Polish Whitebacked (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polish Whitebacked https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Poll Hereford Polled Hereford Polled Hereford (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Poll Hereford https://omia.org Polled Hereford https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Poll Shorthorn Polled Shorthorn Polled Shorthorn (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Poll Shorthorn https://omia.org Polled Shorthorn https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polled Sussex Polled Sussex (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Polled Sussex https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pomurska (Murboden) cattle - extinct Pomurska (Murboden) cattle - extinct (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pomurska (Murboden) cattle - extinct https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Puerto Rican Puerto Rican (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Puerto Rican https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pustertaler Sprinzen Pustertaler Sprinzen (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pustertaler Sprinzen https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pyrenean Pyrenean (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Pyrenean https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Randall Lineback Randall Lineback (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Randall Lineback https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Rawicka Rawicka (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Rawicka https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red Angus Red Angus (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red Angus https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red Angus https://omia.org https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red Bororo Red Bororo (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red Bororo https://www.fao.org/dad-is https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red Brangus Red Brangus (Cattle) https://www.fao.org/dad-is Red Brangus