// This file is part of ICU4X. For terms of use, please see the file
// called LICENSE at the top level of the ICU4X source tree
// (online at: https://github.com/unicode-org/icu4x/blob/main/LICENSE ).

use crate::calendar_arithmetic::{ArithmeticDate, DateFieldsResolver, ToExtendedYear};
use crate::error::{
    DateError, DateFromFieldsError, EcmaReferenceYearError, MonthCodeError, UnknownEraError,
};
use crate::options::{DateAddOptions, DateDifferenceOptions};
use crate::options::{DateFromFieldsOptions, Overflow};
use crate::types::{DateFields, MonthInfo, ValidMonthCode};
use crate::RangeError;
use crate::{types, Calendar, Date};
use ::tinystr::tinystr;
use calendrical_calculations::hebrew_keviyah::{Keviyah, YearInfo};
use calendrical_calculations::rata_die::RataDie;

/// The [Hebrew Calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar)
///
/// The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar used as the Jewish liturgical calendar
/// as well as an official calendar in Israel.
///
/// This implementation uses civil month numbering, where Tishrei is the first month of the year.
///
/// The precise algorithm used to calculate the Hebrew Calendar has [changed over time], with
/// the modern one being in place since about 4536 AM (776 CE). This implementation extends
/// proleptically for dates before that.
///
/// [changed over time]: https://hakirah.org/vol20AjdlerAppendices.pdf
///
/// This corresponds to the `"hebrew"` [CLDR calendar](https://unicode.org/reports/tr35/#UnicodeCalendarIdentifier).
///
/// # Era codes
///
/// This calendar uses a single era code `am`, Anno Mundi. Dates before this era use negative years.
///
/// # Months and days
///
/// The 12 months are called Tishrei (`M01`, 30 days), Ḥešvan (`M02`, 29/30 days),
/// Kīslev (`M03`, 30/29 days), Ṭevet (`M04`, 29 days), Šəvaṭ (`M05`, 30 days), ʾĂdār (`M06`, 29 days),
/// Nīsān (`M07`, 30 days), ʾĪyyar (`M08`, 29 days), Sivan (`M09`, 30 days), Tammūz (`M10`, 29 days),
/// ʾAv (`M11`, 30 days), ʾElūl (`M12`, 29 days).
///
/// Due to Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, Ḥešvan and Kislev vary in length.
///  
/// In leap years (years 3, 6, 8, 11, 17, 19 in a 19-year cycle), the leap month Adar I (`M05L`, 30 days)
/// is inserted before Adar, and Adar is called Adar II (the `formatting_code` returned by [`MonthInfo`]
/// will be `M06L` to mark this, while the `standard_code` remains `M06`).
///
/// Standard years thus have 353-355 days, and leap years 383-385.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
#[allow(clippy::exhaustive_structs)] // unit struct
pub struct Hebrew;

/// The inner date type used for representing [`Date`]s of [`Hebrew`]. See [`Date`] and [`Hebrew`] for more details.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct HebrewDateInner(ArithmeticDate<Hebrew>);

impl Hebrew {
    /// Construct a new [`Hebrew`]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Hebrew
    }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub(crate) struct HebrewYearInfo {
    keviyah: Keviyah,
    value: i32,
}

impl ToExtendedYear for HebrewYearInfo {
    fn to_extended_year(&self) -> i32 {
        self.value
    }
}

impl HebrewYearInfo {
    /// Convenience method to compute for a given year. Don't use this if you actually need
    /// a YearInfo that you want to call .new_year() on.
    #[inline]
    fn compute(value: i32) -> Self {
        Self {
            keviyah: YearInfo::compute_for(value).keviyah,
            value,
        }
    }
}

impl DateFieldsResolver for Hebrew {
    type YearInfo = HebrewYearInfo;
    fn days_in_provided_month(info: HebrewYearInfo, ordinal_month: u8) -> u8 {
        info.keviyah.month_len(ordinal_month)
    }

    fn months_in_provided_year(info: HebrewYearInfo) -> u8 {
        if info.keviyah.is_leap() {
            13
        } else {
            12
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn year_info_from_era(
        &self,
        era: &[u8],
        era_year: i32,
    ) -> Result<Self::YearInfo, UnknownEraError> {
        match era {
            b"am" => Ok(HebrewYearInfo::compute(era_year)),
            _ => Err(UnknownEraError),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn year_info_from_extended(&self, extended_year: i32) -> Self::YearInfo {
        HebrewYearInfo::compute(extended_year)
    }

    fn reference_year_from_month_day(
        &self,
        month_code: types::ValidMonthCode,
        day: u8,
    ) -> Result<Self::YearInfo, EcmaReferenceYearError> {
        // December 31, 1972 occurs on 4th month, 26th day, 5733 AM
        let hebrew_year = match month_code.to_tuple() {
            (1, false) => 5733,
            (2, false) => match day {
                // There is no day 30 in 5733 (there is in 5732)
                ..=29 => 5733,
                // Note (here and below): this must be > 29, not just == 30,
                // since we have not yet applied a potential Overflow::Constrain.
                _ => 5732,
            },
            (3, false) => match day {
                // There is no day 30 in 5733 (there is in 5732)
                ..=29 => 5733,
                _ => 5732,
            },
            (4, false) => match day {
                ..=26 => 5733,
                _ => 5732,
            },
            (5..=12, false) => 5732,
            // Neither 5731 nor 5732 is a leap year
            (5, true) => 5730,
            _ => {
                return Err(EcmaReferenceYearError::MonthCodeNotInCalendar);
            }
        };
        Ok(HebrewYearInfo::compute(hebrew_year))
    }

    fn ordinal_month_from_code(
        &self,
        year: &Self::YearInfo,
        month_code: types::ValidMonthCode,
        options: DateFromFieldsOptions,
    ) -> Result<u8, MonthCodeError> {
        let is_leap_year = year.keviyah.is_leap();
        let ordinal_month = match month_code.to_tuple() {
            (n @ 1..=12, false) => n + (n >= 6 && is_leap_year) as u8,
            (5, true) => {
                if is_leap_year {
                    6
                } else if matches!(options.overflow, Some(Overflow::Constrain)) {
                    // M05L maps to M06 in a common year
                    6
                } else {
                    return Err(MonthCodeError::NotInYear);
                }
            }
            _ => return Err(MonthCodeError::NotInCalendar),
        };
        Ok(ordinal_month)
    }

    fn month_code_from_ordinal(
        &self,
        year: &Self::YearInfo,
        ordinal_month: u8,
    ) -> types::ValidMonthCode {
        let is_leap = year.keviyah.is_leap();
        ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(
            ordinal_month - (is_leap && ordinal_month >= 6) as u8,
            ordinal_month == 6 && is_leap,
        )
    }
}

impl crate::cal::scaffold::UnstableSealed for Hebrew {}
impl Calendar for Hebrew {
    type DateInner = HebrewDateInner;
    type Year = types::EraYear;
    type DifferenceError = core::convert::Infallible;

    fn from_codes(
        &self,
        era: Option<&str>,
        year: i32,
        month_code: types::MonthCode,
        day: u8,
    ) -> Result<Self::DateInner, DateError> {
        ArithmeticDate::from_codes(era, year, month_code, day, self).map(HebrewDateInner)
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
    fn from_fields(
        &self,
        fields: DateFields,
        options: DateFromFieldsOptions,
    ) -> Result<Self::DateInner, DateFromFieldsError> {
        ArithmeticDate::from_fields(fields, options, self).map(HebrewDateInner)
    }

    fn from_rata_die(&self, rd: RataDie) -> Self::DateInner {
        let (year_info, year) = YearInfo::year_containing_rd(rd);
        let keviyah = year_info.keviyah;

        // Obtaining a 1-indexed day-in-year value
        let day_in_year = u16::try_from(rd - year_info.new_year() + 1).unwrap_or(u16::MAX);
        let (month, day) = keviyah.month_day_for(day_in_year);

        HebrewDateInner(ArithmeticDate::new_unchecked(
            HebrewYearInfo {
                keviyah,
                value: year,
            },
            month,
            day,
        ))
    }

    fn to_rata_die(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> RataDie {
        let ny = date.0.year.keviyah.year_info(date.0.year.value).new_year();
        let days_preceding = date.0.year.keviyah.days_preceding(date.0.month);

        // Need to subtract 1 since the new year is itself in this year
        ny + i64::from(days_preceding) + i64::from(date.0.day) - 1
    }

    fn has_cheap_iso_conversion(&self) -> bool {
        false
    }

    fn months_in_year(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> u8 {
        Self::months_in_provided_year(date.0.year)
    }

    fn days_in_year(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> u16 {
        date.0.year.keviyah.year_length()
    }

    fn days_in_month(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> u8 {
        Self::days_in_provided_month(date.0.year, date.0.month)
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
    fn add(
        &self,
        date: &Self::DateInner,
        duration: types::DateDuration,
        options: DateAddOptions,
    ) -> Result<Self::DateInner, DateError> {
        date.0.added(duration, self, options).map(HebrewDateInner)
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
    fn until(
        &self,
        date1: &Self::DateInner,
        date2: &Self::DateInner,
        options: DateDifferenceOptions,
    ) -> Result<types::DateDuration, Self::DifferenceError> {
        Ok(date1.0.until(&date2.0, self, options))
    }

    fn debug_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "Hebrew"
    }

    fn year_info(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> Self::Year {
        let extended_year = date.0.year.value;
        types::EraYear {
            era_index: Some(0),
            era: tinystr!(16, "am"),
            year: extended_year,
            extended_year,
            ambiguity: types::YearAmbiguity::CenturyRequired,
        }
    }

    fn is_in_leap_year(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> bool {
        date.0.year.keviyah.is_leap()
    }

    fn month(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> MonthInfo {
        let valid_standard_code = self.month_code_from_ordinal(&date.0.year, date.0.month);

        let valid_formatting_code = if valid_standard_code.number() == 6 && date.0.month == 7 {
            ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(6, true) // M06L
        } else {
            valid_standard_code
        };

        types::MonthInfo {
            ordinal: date.0.month,
            standard_code: valid_standard_code.to_month_code(),
            valid_standard_code,
            formatting_code: valid_formatting_code.to_month_code(),
            valid_formatting_code,
        }
    }

    fn day_of_month(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> types::DayOfMonth {
        types::DayOfMonth(date.0.day)
    }

    fn day_of_year(&self, date: &Self::DateInner) -> types::DayOfYear {
        types::DayOfYear(date.0.year.keviyah.days_preceding(date.0.month) + date.0.day as u16)
    }

    fn calendar_algorithm(&self) -> Option<crate::preferences::CalendarAlgorithm> {
        Some(crate::preferences::CalendarAlgorithm::Hebrew)
    }
}

impl Date<Hebrew> {
    /// This method uses an ordinal month, which is probably not what you want.
    ///
    /// Use [`Date::try_new_from_codes`]
    #[deprecated(since = "2.1.0", note = "use `Date::try_new_from_codes`")]
    pub fn try_new_hebrew(
        year: i32,
        ordinal_month: u8,
        day: u8,
    ) -> Result<Date<Hebrew>, RangeError> {
        let year = HebrewYearInfo::compute(year);

        ArithmeticDate::try_from_ymd(year, ordinal_month, day)
            .map(HebrewDateInner)
            .map(|inner| Date::from_raw(inner, Hebrew))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {

    use super::*;
    use crate::types::MonthCode;

    pub const TISHREI: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(1, false);
    pub const ḤESHVAN: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(2, false);
    pub const KISLEV: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(3, false);
    pub const TEVET: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(4, false);
    pub const SHEVAT: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(5, false);
    pub const ADARI: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(5, true);
    pub const ADAR: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(6, false);
    pub const NISAN: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(7, false);
    pub const IYYAR: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(8, false);
    pub const SIVAN: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(9, false);
    pub const TAMMUZ: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(10, false);
    pub const AV: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(11, false);
    pub const ELUL: ValidMonthCode = ValidMonthCode::new_unchecked(12, false);

    /// The leap years used in the tests below
    const LEAP_YEARS_IN_TESTS: [i32; 1] = [5782];
    /// (iso, hebrew) pairs of testcases. If any of the years here
    /// are leap years please add them to LEAP_YEARS_IN_TESTS (we have this manually
    /// so we don't end up exercising potentially buggy codepaths to test this)
    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
    const ISO_HEBREW_DATE_PAIRS: [((i32, u8, u8), (i32, ValidMonthCode, u8)); 48] = [
        ((2021, 1, 10), (5781, TEVET, 26)),
        ((2021, 1, 25), (5781, SHEVAT, 12)),
        ((2021, 2, 10), (5781, SHEVAT, 28)),
        ((2021, 2, 25), (5781, ADAR, 13)),
        ((2021, 3, 10), (5781, ADAR, 26)),
        ((2021, 3, 25), (5781, NISAN, 12)),
        ((2021, 4, 10), (5781, NISAN, 28)),
        ((2021, 4, 25), (5781, IYYAR, 13)),
        ((2021, 5, 10), (5781, IYYAR, 28)),
        ((2021, 5, 25), (5781, SIVAN, 14)),
        ((2021, 6, 10), (5781, SIVAN, 30)),
        ((2021, 6, 25), (5781, TAMMUZ, 15)),
        ((2021, 7, 10), (5781, AV, 1)),
        ((2021, 7, 25), (5781, AV, 16)),
        ((2021, 8, 10), (5781, ELUL, 2)),
        ((2021, 8, 25), (5781, ELUL, 17)),
        ((2021, 9, 10), (5782, TISHREI, 4)),
        ((2021, 9, 25), (5782, TISHREI, 19)),
        ((2021, 10, 10), (5782, ḤESHVAN, 4)),
        ((2021, 10, 25), (5782, ḤESHVAN, 19)),
        ((2021, 11, 10), (5782, KISLEV, 6)),
        ((2021, 11, 25), (5782, KISLEV, 21)),
        ((2021, 12, 10), (5782, TEVET, 6)),
        ((2021, 12, 25), (5782, TEVET, 21)),
        ((2022, 1, 10), (5782, SHEVAT, 8)),
        ((2022, 1, 25), (5782, SHEVAT, 23)),
        ((2022, 2, 10), (5782, ADARI, 9)),
        ((2022, 2, 25), (5782, ADARI, 24)),
        ((2022, 3, 10), (5782, ADAR, 7)),
        ((2022, 3, 25), (5782, ADAR, 22)),
        ((2022, 4, 10), (5782, NISAN, 9)),
        ((2022, 4, 25), (5782, NISAN, 24)),
        ((2022, 5, 10), (5782, IYYAR, 9)),
        ((2022, 5, 25), (5782, IYYAR, 24)),
        ((2022, 6, 10), (5782, SIVAN, 11)),
        ((2022, 6, 25), (5782, SIVAN, 26)),
        ((2022, 7, 10), (5782, TAMMUZ, 11)),
        ((2022, 7, 25), (5782, TAMMUZ, 26)),
        ((2022, 8, 10), (5782, AV, 13)),
        ((2022, 8, 25), (5782, AV, 28)),
        ((2022, 9, 10), (5782, ELUL, 14)),
        ((2022, 9, 25), (5782, ELUL, 29)),
        ((2022, 10, 10), (5783, TISHREI, 15)),
        ((2022, 10, 25), (5783, TISHREI, 30)),
        ((2022, 11, 10), (5783, ḤESHVAN, 16)),
        ((2022, 11, 25), (5783, KISLEV, 1)),
        ((2022, 12, 10), (5783, KISLEV, 16)),
        ((2022, 12, 25), (5783, TEVET, 1)),
    ];

    #[test]
    fn test_conversions() {
        for ((iso_y, iso_m, iso_d), (y, m, d)) in ISO_HEBREW_DATE_PAIRS.into_iter() {
            let iso_date = Date::try_new_iso(iso_y, iso_m, iso_d).unwrap();
            let hebrew_date = Date::try_new_from_codes(Some("am"), y, m.to_month_code(), d, Hebrew)
                .expect("Date should parse");

            let iso_to_hebrew = iso_date.to_calendar(Hebrew);

            let hebrew_to_iso = hebrew_date.to_iso();

            assert_eq!(
                hebrew_to_iso, iso_date,
                "Failed comparing to-ISO value for {hebrew_date:?} => {iso_date:?}"
            );
            assert_eq!(
                iso_to_hebrew, hebrew_date,
                "Failed comparing to-hebrew value for {iso_date:?} => {hebrew_date:?}"
            );

            let ordinal_month = if (m == ADARI || m.number() >= ADAR.number())
                && LEAP_YEARS_IN_TESTS.contains(&y)
            {
                m.number() + 1
            } else {
                assert!(m != ADARI);
                m.number()
            };

            #[allow(deprecated)] // should still test
            let ordinal_hebrew_date = Date::try_new_hebrew(y, ordinal_month, d)
                .expect("Construction of date must succeed");

            assert_eq!(ordinal_hebrew_date, hebrew_date, "Hebrew date construction from codes and ordinals should work the same for {hebrew_date:?}");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_icu_bug_22441() {
        let yi = YearInfo::compute_for(88369);
        assert_eq!(yi.keviyah.year_length(), 383);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_negative_era_years() {
        let greg_date = Date::try_new_gregorian(-5000, 1, 1).unwrap();
        let greg_year = greg_date.era_year();
        assert_eq!(greg_date.inner.0.year, -5000);
        assert_eq!(greg_year.era, "bce");
        // In Gregorian, era year is 1 - extended year
        assert_eq!(greg_year.year, 5001);
        let hebr_date = greg_date.to_calendar(Hebrew);
        let hebr_year = hebr_date.era_year();
        assert_eq!(hebr_date.inner.0.year.value, -1240);
        assert_eq!(hebr_year.era, "am");
        // In Hebrew, there is no inverse era, so negative extended years are negative era years
        assert_eq!(hebr_year.year, -1240);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_weekdays() {
        // https://github.com/unicode-org/icu4x/issues/4893
        let cal = Hebrew::new();
        let era = "am";
        let month_code = MonthCode::new_normal(1).unwrap();
        let dt = Date::try_new_from_codes(Some(era), 3760, month_code, 1, cal).unwrap();

        // Should be Saturday per:
        // https://www.hebcal.com/converter?hd=1&hm=Tishrei&hy=3760&h2g=1
        assert_eq!(6, dt.day_of_week() as usize);
    }
}