//! Formatting for various types.

mod component_provider;
pub(crate) mod formattable;
mod iso8601;

use core::num::NonZero;
use std::io;

use num_conv::prelude::*;

use self::component_provider::ComponentProvider;
pub use self::formattable::Formattable;
use crate::ext::DigitCount;
use crate::format_description::{Component, Period, modifier};
use crate::internal_macros::try_likely_ok;
use crate::{Month, Weekday, error};

const MONTH_NAMES: [&[u8]; 12] = [
    b"January",
    b"February",
    b"March",
    b"April",
    b"May",
    b"June",
    b"July",
    b"August",
    b"September",
    b"October",
    b"November",
    b"December",
];

const WEEKDAY_NAMES: [&[u8]; 7] = [
    b"Monday",
    b"Tuesday",
    b"Wednesday",
    b"Thursday",
    b"Friday",
    b"Saturday",
    b"Sunday",
];

/// Write all bytes to the output, returning the number of bytes written.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn write(output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized), bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
    output.write_all(bytes)?;
    Ok(bytes.len())
}

/// If `pred` is true, write all bytes to the output, returning the number of bytes written.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn write_if(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    pred: bool,
    bytes: &[u8],
) -> io::Result<usize> {
    if pred { write(output, bytes) } else { Ok(0) }
}

/// If `pred` is true, write `true_bytes` to the output. Otherwise, write `false_bytes`.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn write_if_else(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    pred: bool,
    true_bytes: &[u8],
    false_bytes: &[u8],
) -> io::Result<usize> {
    write(output, if pred { true_bytes } else { false_bytes })
}

/// Helper function to obtain 10^x, guaranteeing determinism for x ≤ 9. For these cases, the
/// function optimizes to a lookup table. For x ≥ 10, it falls back to `10_f64.powi(x)`. The only
/// situation where this would occur is if the user explicitly requests such precision when
/// configuring the ISO 8601 well known format. All other possibilities max out at nine digits.
#[inline]
fn f64_10_pow_x(x: NonZero<u8>) -> f64 {
    match x.get() {
        1 => 10.,
        2 => 100.,
        3 => 1_000.,
        4 => 10_000.,
        5 => 100_000.,
        6 => 1_000_000.,
        7 => 10_000_000.,
        8 => 100_000_000.,
        9 => 1_000_000_000.,
        x => 10_f64.powi(x.cast_signed().extend()),
    }
}

/// Write the floating point number to the output, returning the number of bytes written.
///
/// This method accepts the number of digits before and after the decimal. The value will be padded
/// with zeroes to the left if necessary.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn format_float(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    mut value: f64,
    digits_before_decimal: u8,
    digits_after_decimal: Option<NonZero<u8>>,
) -> io::Result<usize> {
    match digits_after_decimal {
        Some(digits_after_decimal) => {
            // If the precision is less than nine digits after the decimal point, truncate the
            // value. This avoids rounding up and causing the value to exceed the maximum permitted
            // value (as in #678). If the precision is at least nine, then we don't truncate so as
            // to avoid having an off-by-one error (as in #724). The latter is necessary
            // because floating point values are inherently imprecise with decimal
            // values, so a minuscule error can be amplified easily.
            //
            // Note that this is largely an issue for second values, as for minute and hour decimals
            // the value is divided by 60 or 3,600, neither of which divide evenly into 10^x.
            //
            // While not a perfect approach, this addresses the bugs that have been reported so far
            // without being overly complex.
            if digits_after_decimal.get() < 9 {
                let trunc_num = f64_10_pow_x(digits_after_decimal);
                value = f64::trunc(value * trunc_num) / trunc_num;
            }

            let digits_after_decimal = digits_after_decimal.get().extend();
            let width = digits_before_decimal.extend::<usize>() + 1 + digits_after_decimal;
            write!(output, "{value:0>width$.digits_after_decimal$}")?;
            Ok(width)
        }
        None => {
            let value = value.trunc() as u64;
            let width = digits_before_decimal.extend();
            write!(output, "{value:0>width$}")?;
            Ok(width)
        }
    }
}

/// Format a number with the provided padding and width.
///
/// The sign must be written by the caller.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn format_number<const WIDTH: u8>(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    value: impl itoa::Integer + DigitCount + Copy,
    padding: modifier::Padding,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    match padding {
        modifier::Padding::Space => format_number_pad_space::<WIDTH>(output, value),
        modifier::Padding::Zero => format_number_pad_zero::<WIDTH>(output, value),
        modifier::Padding::None => format_number_pad_none(output, value),
    }
}

/// Format a number with the provided width and spaces as padding.
///
/// The sign must be written by the caller.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn format_number_pad_space<const WIDTH: u8>(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    value: impl itoa::Integer + DigitCount + Copy,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    let mut bytes = 0;
    for _ in 0..(WIDTH.saturating_sub(value.num_digits())) {
        bytes += write(output, b" ")?;
    }
    bytes += write(output, itoa::Buffer::new().format(value).as_bytes())?;
    Ok(bytes)
}

/// Format a number with the provided width and zeros as padding.
///
/// The sign must be written by the caller.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn format_number_pad_zero<const WIDTH: u8>(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    value: impl itoa::Integer + DigitCount + Copy,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    let mut bytes = 0;
    for _ in 0..(WIDTH.saturating_sub(value.num_digits())) {
        bytes += write(output, b"0")?;
    }
    bytes += write(output, itoa::Buffer::new().format(value).as_bytes())?;
    Ok(bytes)
}

/// Format a number with no padding.
///
/// If the sign is mandatory, the sign must be written by the caller.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn format_number_pad_none(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    value: impl itoa::Integer + Copy,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    write(output, itoa::Buffer::new().format(value).as_bytes())
}

/// Format the provided component into the designated output. An `Err` will be returned if the
/// component requires information that it does not provide or if the value cannot be output to the
/// stream.
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn format_component<V>(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    component: Component,
    value: &V,
    state: &mut V::State,
) -> Result<usize, error::Format>
where
    V: ComponentProvider,
{
    use Component::*;
    Ok(match component {
        Day(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_DATE => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_day(output, value.day(state), modifier))
        }
        Month(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_DATE => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_month(output, value.month(state), modifier))
        }
        Ordinal(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_DATE => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_ordinal(output, value.ordinal(state), modifier))
        }
        Weekday(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_DATE => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_weekday(output, value.weekday(state), modifier))
        }
        WeekNumber(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_DATE => try_likely_ok!(fmt_week_number(
            output,
            match modifier.repr {
                modifier::WeekNumberRepr::Iso => value.iso_week_number(state),
                modifier::WeekNumberRepr::Sunday => value.sunday_based_week(state),
                modifier::WeekNumberRepr::Monday => value.monday_based_week(state),
            },
            modifier,
        )),
        Year(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_DATE => try_likely_ok!(fmt_year(
            output,
            if modifier.iso_week_based {
                value.iso_year(state)
            } else {
                value.calendar_year(state)
            },
            modifier,
        )),
        Hour(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_TIME => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_hour(output, value.hour(state), modifier))
        }
        Minute(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_TIME => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_minute(output, value.minute(state), modifier))
        }
        Period(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_TIME => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_period(output, value.period(state), modifier))
        }
        Second(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_TIME => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_second(output, value.second(state), modifier))
        }
        Subsecond(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_TIME => {
            try_likely_ok!(fmt_subsecond(output, value.nanosecond(state), modifier))
        }
        OffsetHour(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_OFFSET => try_likely_ok!(fmt_offset_hour(
            output,
            value.offset_is_negative(state),
            value.offset_hour(state),
            modifier,
        )),
        OffsetMinute(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_OFFSET => try_likely_ok!(fmt_offset_minute(
            output,
            value.offset_minute(state),
            modifier
        )),
        OffsetSecond(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_OFFSET => try_likely_ok!(fmt_offset_second(
            output,
            value.offset_second(state),
            modifier
        )),
        Ignore(_) => 0,
        UnixTimestamp(modifier) if V::SUPPLIES_TIMESTAMP => match modifier.precision {
            modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Second => try_likely_ok!(fmt_unix_timestamp_seconds(
                output,
                value.unix_timestamp_seconds(state),
                modifier,
            )),
            modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Millisecond => {
                try_likely_ok!(fmt_unix_timestamp_milliseconds(
                    output,
                    value.unix_timestamp_milliseconds(state),
                    modifier,
                ))
            }
            modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Microsecond => {
                try_likely_ok!(fmt_unix_timestamp_microseconds(
                    output,
                    value.unix_timestamp_microseconds(state),
                    modifier,
                ))
            }
            modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Nanosecond => {
                try_likely_ok!(fmt_unix_timestamp_nanoseconds(
                    output,
                    value.unix_timestamp_nanoseconds(state),
                    modifier,
                ))
            }
        },
        End(modifier::End { trailing_input: _ }) => 0,

        // This is functionally the same as a wildcard arm, but it will cause an error if a new
        // component is added. This is to avoid a bug where a new component, the code compiles, and
        // formatting fails.
        // Allow unreachable patterns because some branches may be fully matched above.
        #[allow(unreachable_patterns)]
        Day(_) | Month(_) | Ordinal(_) | Weekday(_) | WeekNumber(_) | Year(_) | Hour(_)
        | Minute(_) | Period(_) | Second(_) | Subsecond(_) | OffsetHour(_) | OffsetMinute(_)
        | OffsetSecond(_) | Ignore(_) | UnixTimestamp(_) | End(_) => {
            return Err(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation);
        }
    })
}

/// Format the day into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_day(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    day: u8,
    modifier::Day { padding }: modifier::Day,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    format_number::<2>(output, day, padding)
}

/// Format the month into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_month(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    month: Month,
    modifier::Month {
        padding,
        repr,
        case_sensitive: _, // no effect on formatting
    }: modifier::Month,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    match repr {
        modifier::MonthRepr::Numerical => format_number::<2>(output, u8::from(month), padding),
        modifier::MonthRepr::Long => {
            write(output, MONTH_NAMES[u8::from(month).extend::<usize>() - 1])
        }
        // Safety: All month names are at least three bytes long.
        modifier::MonthRepr::Short => write(output, unsafe {
            MONTH_NAMES[u8::from(month).extend::<usize>() - 1].get_unchecked(..3)
        }),
    }
}

/// Format the ordinal into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_ordinal(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    ordinal: u16,
    modifier::Ordinal { padding }: modifier::Ordinal,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    format_number::<3>(output, ordinal, padding)
}

/// Format the weekday into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_weekday(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    weekday: Weekday,
    modifier::Weekday {
        repr,
        one_indexed,
        case_sensitive: _, // no effect on formatting
    }: modifier::Weekday,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    match repr {
        // Safety: All weekday names are at least three bytes long.
        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Short => write(output, unsafe {
            WEEKDAY_NAMES[weekday.number_days_from_monday().extend::<usize>()].get_unchecked(..3)
        }),
        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Long => write(
            output,
            WEEKDAY_NAMES[weekday.number_days_from_monday().extend::<usize>()],
        ),
        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Sunday => format_number::<1>(
            output,
            weekday.number_days_from_sunday() + u8::from(one_indexed),
            modifier::Padding::None,
        ),
        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Monday => format_number::<1>(
            output,
            weekday.number_days_from_monday() + u8::from(one_indexed),
            modifier::Padding::None,
        ),
    }
}

/// Format the week number into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_week_number(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    week_number: u8,
    modifier::WeekNumber { padding, repr: _ }: modifier::WeekNumber,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    format_number::<2>(output, week_number, padding)
}

/// Format the year into the designated output.
fn fmt_year(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    full_year: i32,
    modifier::Year {
        padding,
        repr,
        range,
        iso_week_based: _,
        sign_is_mandatory,
    }: modifier::Year,
) -> Result<usize, error::Format> {
    let value = match repr {
        modifier::YearRepr::Full => full_year,
        modifier::YearRepr::Century => full_year / 100,
        modifier::YearRepr::LastTwo => (full_year % 100).abs(),
    };
    let format_number = if cfg!(feature = "large-dates") && range == modifier::YearRange::Extended {
        match repr {
            modifier::YearRepr::Full if value.abs() >= 100_000 => format_number::<6>,
            modifier::YearRepr::Full if value.abs() >= 10_000 => format_number::<5>,
            modifier::YearRepr::Full => format_number::<4>,
            modifier::YearRepr::Century if value.abs() >= 1_000 => format_number::<4>,
            modifier::YearRepr::Century if value.abs() >= 100 => format_number::<3>,
            modifier::YearRepr::Century => format_number::<2>,
            modifier::YearRepr::LastTwo => format_number::<2>,
        }
    } else {
        match repr {
            modifier::YearRepr::Full | modifier::YearRepr::Century if full_year.abs() >= 10_000 => {
                return Err(error::ComponentRange::conditional("year").into());
            }
            _ => {}
        }
        match repr {
            modifier::YearRepr::Full => format_number::<4>,
            modifier::YearRepr::Century => format_number::<2>,
            modifier::YearRepr::LastTwo => format_number::<2>,
        }
    };
    let mut bytes = 0;
    if repr != modifier::YearRepr::LastTwo {
        if full_year < 0 {
            bytes += write(output, b"-")?;
        } else if sign_is_mandatory || cfg!(feature = "large-dates") && full_year >= 10_000 {
            bytes += write(output, b"+")?;
        }
    }
    bytes += format_number(output, value.unsigned_abs(), padding)?;
    Ok(bytes)
}

/// Format the hour into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_hour(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    hour: u8,
    modifier::Hour {
        padding,
        is_12_hour_clock,
    }: modifier::Hour,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    let value = match (hour, is_12_hour_clock) {
        (hour, false) => hour,
        (0 | 12, true) => 12,
        (hour, true) if hour < 12 => hour,
        (hour, true) => hour - 12,
    };
    format_number::<2>(output, value, padding)
}

/// Format the minute into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_minute(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    minute: u8,
    modifier::Minute { padding }: modifier::Minute,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    format_number::<2>(output, minute, padding)
}

/// Format the period into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_period(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    period: Period,
    modifier::Period {
        is_uppercase,
        case_sensitive: _, // no effect on formatting
    }: modifier::Period,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    write(
        output,
        match (period, is_uppercase) {
            (Period::Am, false) => b"am",
            (Period::Am, true) => b"AM",
            (Period::Pm, false) => b"pm",
            (Period::Pm, true) => b"PM",
        },
    )
}

/// Format the second into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_second(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    second: u8,
    modifier::Second { padding }: modifier::Second,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    format_number::<2>(output, second, padding)
}

/// Format the subsecond into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_subsecond(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    nanos: u32,
    modifier::Subsecond { digits }: modifier::Subsecond,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    use modifier::SubsecondDigits::*;
    if digits == Nine || (digits == OneOrMore && !nanos.is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<9>(output, nanos)
    } else if digits == Eight || (digits == OneOrMore && !(nanos / 10).is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<8>(output, nanos / 10)
    } else if digits == Seven || (digits == OneOrMore && !(nanos / 100).is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<7>(output, nanos / 100)
    } else if digits == Six || (digits == OneOrMore && !(nanos / 1_000).is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<6>(output, nanos / 1_000)
    } else if digits == Five || (digits == OneOrMore && !(nanos / 10_000).is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<5>(output, nanos / 10_000)
    } else if digits == Four || (digits == OneOrMore && !(nanos / 100_000).is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<4>(output, nanos / 100_000)
    } else if digits == Three || (digits == OneOrMore && !(nanos / 1_000_000).is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<3>(output, nanos / 1_000_000)
    } else if digits == Two || (digits == OneOrMore && !(nanos / 10_000_000).is_multiple_of(10)) {
        format_number_pad_zero::<2>(output, nanos / 10_000_000)
    } else {
        format_number_pad_zero::<1>(output, nanos / 100_000_000)
    }
}

#[inline]
fn fmt_offset_sign(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    is_negative: bool,
    sign_is_mandatory: bool,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    if is_negative {
        write(output, b"-")
    } else if sign_is_mandatory {
        write(output, b"+")
    } else {
        Ok(0)
    }
}

/// Format the offset hour into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_offset_hour(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    is_negative: bool,
    hour: i8,
    modifier::OffsetHour {
        padding,
        sign_is_mandatory,
    }: modifier::OffsetHour,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    let mut bytes = 0;
    bytes += fmt_offset_sign(output, is_negative, sign_is_mandatory)?;
    bytes += format_number::<2>(output, hour.unsigned_abs(), padding)?;
    Ok(bytes)
}

/// Format the offset minute into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_offset_minute(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    offset_minute: i8,
    modifier::OffsetMinute { padding }: modifier::OffsetMinute,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    format_number::<2>(output, offset_minute.unsigned_abs(), padding)
}

/// Format the offset second into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_offset_second(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    offset_second: i8,
    modifier::OffsetSecond { padding }: modifier::OffsetSecond,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    format_number::<2>(output, offset_second.unsigned_abs(), padding)
}

/// Format the Unix timestamp (in seconds) into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_unix_timestamp_seconds(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    timestamp: i64,
    modifier::UnixTimestamp {
        precision,
        sign_is_mandatory,
    }: modifier::UnixTimestamp,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    debug_assert_eq!(precision, modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Second);

    let mut bytes = 0;
    bytes += fmt_offset_sign(output, timestamp < 0, sign_is_mandatory)?;
    bytes += format_number_pad_none(output, timestamp.unsigned_abs())?;
    Ok(bytes)
}

/// Format the Unix timestamp (in milliseconds) into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_unix_timestamp_milliseconds(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    timestamp_millis: i64,
    modifier::UnixTimestamp {
        precision,
        sign_is_mandatory,
    }: modifier::UnixTimestamp,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    debug_assert_eq!(precision, modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Millisecond);

    let mut bytes = 0;
    bytes += fmt_offset_sign(output, timestamp_millis < 0, sign_is_mandatory)?;
    bytes += format_number_pad_none(output, timestamp_millis.unsigned_abs())?;
    Ok(bytes)
}

/// Format the Unix timestamp into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_unix_timestamp_microseconds(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    timestamp_micros: i128,
    modifier::UnixTimestamp {
        precision,
        sign_is_mandatory,
    }: modifier::UnixTimestamp,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    debug_assert_eq!(precision, modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Microsecond);

    let mut bytes = 0;
    bytes += fmt_offset_sign(output, timestamp_micros < 0, sign_is_mandatory)?;
    bytes += format_number_pad_none(output, timestamp_micros.unsigned_abs())?;
    Ok(bytes)
}

/// Format the Unix timestamp into the designated output.
#[inline]
fn fmt_unix_timestamp_nanoseconds(
    output: &mut (impl io::Write + ?Sized),
    timestamp_nanos: i128,
    modifier::UnixTimestamp {
        precision,
        sign_is_mandatory,
    }: modifier::UnixTimestamp,
) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
    debug_assert_eq!(precision, modifier::UnixTimestampPrecision::Nanosecond);

    let mut bytes = 0;
    bytes += fmt_offset_sign(output, timestamp_nanos < 0, sign_is_mandatory)?;
    bytes += format_number_pad_none(output, timestamp_nanos.unsigned_abs())?;
    Ok(bytes)
}