# Sanitizer

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## Address Sanitizer

Address Sanitizer (ASan) is a fast memory error detector that detects use-after-free and out-of-bound bugs in C/C++ programs. It uses a compile-time instrumentation to check all reads and writes during the execution. In addition, the runtime part replaces the malloc and free functions to check dynamically allocated memory.

{ref}`More information <Address Sanitizer>`

## Thread Sanitizer

Thread Sanitizer (TSan) is a fast data race detector for C/C++ programs. It uses a compile-time instrumentation to check all non-race-free memory access at runtime. Unlike other tools, it understands compiler-builtin atomics and synchronization and therefore provides very accurate results with no false positives (except if unsupported synchronization primitives like inline assembly or memory fences are used).

{ref}`More information <Thread Sanitizer>`

## Memory Sanitizer

Memory Sanitizer (MSan) is a fast detector used for uninitialized memory in C/C++ programs. It uses a compile-time instrumentation to ensure that all memory access at runtime uses only memory that has been initialized.

{ref}`More information <Memory Sanitizer>`

## ASan Nightly Project (defunct)

The ASan Nightly Project involved building a Firefox Nightly browser with the popular AddressSanitizer tool and enhancing it with remote crash reporting capabilities for any errors detected. It was sunset in 2025 ([bug 1950072](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1950072)) after being replaced by the Probabilistic Heap Checker (PHC).