# P(Φ)₂ Project Status ## Overview The project formalizes the construction of P(Φ)₂ Euclidean quantum field theory in Lean 4 via the Glimm-Jaffe/Nelson lattice approach. All six phases are structurally complete and the full project builds successfully (`lake build`). The proof architecture is: axiomatize key analytic/probabilistic results with detailed proof sketches, prove the logical structure connecting them, and progressively fill in the axioms with full proofs. A shared `Common/QFT` layer now separates concrete measure models, tensor moments, distributional Schwinger-function data, explicit reconstruction input, and backend-independent reconstruction rules. This keeps the current scalar positive-measure construction explicit while opening a path to broader Euclidean/Minkowski interfaces. **Current counter (`./scripts/count_axioms.sh`, 2026-06-23): pphi2 28 raw / 26 real axioms, 0 sorries; gaussian-field 3 axioms, 0 sorries** (both verified via `count_axioms.sh`, GaussianField pinned at `5bb35e8`). The 28 raw → 26 real reconciliation: 2 lines are docstring matches of the word "axiom" (`Pphi2/NelsonEstimate/LatticeBridge.lean:21`, `Pphi2/NelsonEstimate/LayerCake.lean:85`). The third match at `AsymExpMomentDischarge.lean:244` was removed when axiom 3 became a theorem (Layer-B2 Piece 5, PR #58, 2026-06-23). The 26 real break down as **24 architectural** (enumerated by OS-program cluster in [`planning/INDEX.md`](planning/INDEX.md), the master status machine) and **2 private scaffolding** (`asymTorusInteracting_exponentialMomentBound` in `AsymTorusOS.lean`, `gaussian_rp_cov_perfect_square` in `OS3_RP_Lattice.lean`). The seven new architectural axioms are the six isolated Layer-B2 Route-A GNS bridge obligations in `Pphi2/AsymTorus/AsymBridgeInstance.lean`: ground representative positivity, normalized-transfer contraction, ground-isometry bookkeeping, semigroup intertwining, the partition lower bound, and the finite-periodic remainder, plus B5b single-slice stability in `Pphi2/AsymTorus/AsymB5bSingleSlice.lean`. The superseded-chain axiom `torus_weakCoupling_lattice_connectedFourPoint_strictNeg` (plus its dead consumer `torus_pphi2_isInteracting_weakCoupling` and the carrier file `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusInteractingResult.lean`) was **removed on 2026-06-21** after Route A's `torus_pphi2_isInteractingStrict_weakCoupling` (PR #48, 2026-06-07) subsumed it. `main` now subsumes the former `cylinder-isotropic-lattice` branch (Phase-2/3 cylinder construction, isotropic files wired into `Pphi2.lean`), which is why the raw count is up from the pre-cylinder base. `measure_determined_by_schwinger` was **discharged 2026-06-02** (Bridge axiom → theorem via `MeasureUniqueness.measure_eq_of_moments`). The remaining genuinely-critical input is one deep-think-vetted isotropic-redesign axiom: `asymInteracting_expMoment_volume_uniform` (`AsymTorus/AsymContinuumLimit.lean`, the volume-uniform interacting exp-moment — the genuine cluster-expansion input). [`wickConstantAsym_eq_variance` was a third isotropic axiom, **discharged 2026-05-27** → theorem in `AsymTorus/AsymWickVariance.lean`, algebraic circulant route. `asymChaosCutoffDecomposition` was the second, **discharged 2026-05-31** → theorem in `AsymTorus/AsymNelson.lean` via UNIT 7 (trivial split + pushforward + UNIT 2 smooth lower bound + UNIT 6 polynomial-chaos negative-tail wrapper). **Layer B1 of the last-axiom discharge architecture** complete 2026-05-31: cylinder transfer matrix (`AsymL2Operator.lean`, `AsymJentzsch.lean`, `AsymPositivity.lean`) + Layer-B1 variance bound (`AsymVarianceBound.lean`). Remaining: Layer A (Newman MGF via new `lee-yang` repo, scaffolded), Layer B2 (Lt-uniformity via chessboard, deferred), Layer C (~50-line assembly).] gaussian-field **3** (the Phase-1b `AsymCovariance` convergence `lattice_green_tendsto_continuum_asym` added 0 axioms), with GaussianField pinned at `5bb35e8`. Phase 3 produces `MeasureHasGreenMomentBound` as a theorem (per `Lt`) and, via the three axioms, `cylinderIso_OS_of_RP_OS2`: cylinder `S¹(Ls)×ℝ` OS0/OS1/OS2/OS3 conditional only on the separate reflection-positivity and OS2-symmetry inputs. The generic Gaussian exp-moment lemma `GaussianField.gaussian_exp_abs_moment` and the weak-limit transfer `GaussianField.weakLimit_exponential_moment` are theorems (0 axioms). See `docs/cylinder-conditional-inputs-provability.md` for the input-by-input provability map. pphi2 also depends on markov-semigroups and gaussian-hilbert (axiom counts track `main` — see [`docs/AXIOM_STATUS.md`](docs/AXIOM_STATUS.md) and each repo's own `AXIOM_AUDIT.md`) for the upstream `polynomial_chaos_concentration` API used by Cluster A, and now on [`gibbs-variational`](https://github.com/mrdouglasny/gibbs-variational) (0 axioms, 1 off-critical-path `sorry`) for the finite-dim Boué–Dupuis bound that will discharge the cylinder CYL-1a Green-moment input. See [`docs/AXIOM_STATUS.md`](docs/AXIOM_STATUS.md) for the canonical inventory (refreshed 2026-05-22). Recent change (2026-05-08, post PR #14 merge): **5 Stage 1 GJ axioms discharged in Phase 2** plus three additional pphi2 axioms cleared by PR #14 (`fourierTransform_lp_eq_fourierIntegral` private axiom -> proved theorem via Mathlib's tempered-distribution embedding; `cylinderIR_uniform_exponential_moment` and `cylinderIR_os3` refactored to consume explicit `MeasureHasGreenMomentBound` / `CylinderMeasureSequenceEventuallyReflectionPositive` inputs). The gaussian-field count rose from 4 to 6 because the audit now includes the previously unaudited `SchwartzFourier/` and `SchwartzNuclear/` directories. The five Phase 2 GJ-axiom discharges: * `roughCovariance_sq_summable` (CovarianceSplit.lean): RHS gains `a^d` factor; original 30-line proof preserved with `field_simp`. * `smoothVariance_le_log` (CovarianceSplit.lean): trivial `O(1)` bound with `C = (a^d)⁻¹·mass⁻²` (depends on `a`, uniform in `T`); textbook tight `C = O(1)` uniform in `a` is the real Phase 2 deliverable. * `normalizedGaussianDensityMeasure_eq_normalizedQuadraticGaussianMeasure` (gaussian-field Density.lean): proved via density unfolding + `Finset.mul_sum` to fold `a^d` into the action. * `normalizedGaussianDensityMeasure_linearFourier` (gaussian-field Density.lean, 2026-05-08): GJ-aligned Gaussian Fourier identity. Adapts the original 290-line bare-form proof; `(a^d/2)` factor folds into eigenvalues via a parallel helper `integral_massEigenbasis_cexp_GJ`. Numerator/denominator share a `(a^d)^{-n/2}` Jacobian that cancels in the ratio, yielding `exp(-(1/2) ⟨T_GJ f, T_GJ f⟩)` via `lattice_covariance_GJ_eq_spectral`. * `torus_propagator_convergence_GJ` (TorusPropagatorConvergence.lean): discharged via the `(a^d)⁻¹ · (L/N)² = 1` cancellation between the GJ-aligned embedding factors in `evalTorusAtSiteGJ` and `latticeCovarianceGJ`. Remaining 10 Stage 1 axioms each require substantive Phase 2 work (embedding-normalisation audit on `circleRestriction` to drop `√(L/N)` per-coord factor, or real Glimm–Jaffe Ch. 8 dynamical-cutoff proof). Recent change (2026-05-07, Stage 1): **lattice-action normalisation fix**. The lattice action is now Glimm–Jaffe-aligned: `latticeGaussianMeasure` has covariance kernel `(1/a^d) M_a^{-1}` (textbook), so the lattice 2-point function will converge to the textbook continuum Green's function on `T^d_L`. See `docs/lattice-action-normalization-fix.md` for the diagnosis (Gemini-vetted) and Option C architecture (separate `latticeCovarianceGJ` CLM, spectral identities about `latticeCovariance` unchanged). Stage 1 added 11 net new pphi2 axioms (18 → 29, all with citations to Glimm–Jaffe Ch. 8 / §7.1 and Phase 2 plan): * Nelson-easy-bound axiomatisations (proof requires real dynamical-cutoff in Phase 2): `nelson_exponential_estimate_lattice`, `exponential_moment_bound`, `asymNelson_exponential_estimate`. * Uniform-bound axiomatisations (the bound exists but the proof's `mass⁻²` route became non-uniform under GJ; embedding-normalisation audit needed): `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound`, `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_le_seminorm`, `asymGaussian_second_moment_uniform_bound`, `asymTorusInteracting_exponentialMomentBound`, `asymGf_sub_norm_le_seminorm`. * Propagator convergence under GJ (axiomatised; gaussian-field's bare-CLM `lattice_green_tendsto_continuum` is unchanged but the GJ-aligned wrapper needs threading): `torus_propagator_convergence_GJ`. * Dynamical-cutoff infrastructure in CovarianceSplit: `smoothVariance_le_log`, `roughCovariance_sq_summable`. gaussian-field side: 4 → 6 axioms (+2 from the density-bridge axiomatisation `normalizedGaussianDensityMeasure_eq_normalizedQuadraticGaussianMeasure` and `normalizedGaussianDensityMeasure_linearFourier`, both with corrected GJ-aligned statements; original 290-line Fourier-integral proof to be re-derived in Phase 2). Recent reduction (2026-04-30, this PR): `cylinderIR_uniform_second_moment` in `IRLimit/UniformExponentialMoment.lean` converted from axiom to theorem, derived from `cylinderIR_uniform_exponential_moment` via the elementary inequality `x² ≤ 2·exp(|x|)` plus a scaling optimisation. The new theorem packages `Integrable (fun ω => (ω f)²) ν` alongside the additive bound `∫(ωf)² ≤ C₁·q(f)² + C₂`, derived from the same exp-moment input (no circularity). Recent reductions (2026-04-19): - `continuumMeasures_tight` (Tightness.lean) — **PROVED** (axiom → theorem). Port of the torus tightness pipeline to ℝ^d: `continuum_second_moment_uniform` derived from `interacting_moment_bound` (at `n=1, p=2`) + `gaussian_second_moment_uniform` gives the uniform second moment; tightness then follows from `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` (Mitoma-Chebyshev on the nuclear dual). Requires `[Fact (0 < d)]` for the `DyninMityaginSpace (ContinuumTestFunction d)` instance. Recent corrections (2026-04-03): - `general_clustering_from_spectral_gap` — **statement corrected**: `G` is evaluated on `latticeConfigEuclideanTimeShift N R ω` (the integrand now contains the actual translated observable), and the decay exponent is measured against the **cyclic torus time separation** `latticeEuclideanTimeSeparation N R` rather than an inconsistent unbounded `R`. Added `latticeEuclideanTimeShift`, `latticeConfigEuclideanTimeShift`, and `latticeEuclideanTimeSeparation`. - `general_clustering_lattice` — removed unused phantom parameter `Nt` (theorem uses section `Ns` only). - `Main.lean` — **honest naming**: `massParameter_positive`, `pphi2_exists_os_and_massParameter_positive`; `os_reconstruction` and `pphi2_wightman` kept as `@[deprecated]` aliases. Recent reductions (2026-04-02): - `limit_exponential_moment` sorry — **ELIMINATED**: truncation + MCT proof via `lintegral_iSup` (monotone convergence) + `Integrable.of_bound` + `ofReal_integral_eq_lintegral_ofReal`. Key insight: use `Measurable.aestronglyMeasurable` (not `Continuous.aestronglyMeasurable` which needs `OpensMeasurableSpace` on domain) to get AEStronglyMeasurability. - `cylinderIR_os0` — **PROVED** (axiom → theorem): OS0 analyticity for the IR limit derived from `cylinderIR_uniform_exponential_moment` + BC weak convergence + `analyticOnNhd_integral`. - `gaussianLimit_isGaussian` — **PROVED** by reducing continuum Gaussianity to 1D evaluation marginals and a generic weak-limit theorem for centered real Gaussians - `configuration_continuum_polishSpace` — **REMOVED** (inconsistent: weak-* dual is not Polish) - `configuration_continuum_borelSpace` — **REMOVED** (inconsistent: same reason) Replaced by `prokhorov_configuration` from gaussian-field (proved, avoids Polish/Borel) - `os3_inheritance` — **REMOVED** (incorrectly stated for ALL bounded continuous F) - `os3_for_continuum_limit` — **PROVED** by strengthening `IsPphi2Limit` with inline reflection positivity of the approximating continuum measures and passing the RP matrix entries to the limit via characteristic-functional convergence - `continuum_embedded_measure_rp` — **REMOVED** (dead code after OS3 restructuring) - `gaussianContinuumMeasures_tight` sorry — **ELIMINATED by proving the theorem for `d > 0`** via `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments`; the excluded `d = 0` case is a separate Dynin-Mityagin / Schwartz-space infrastructure issue - `signedVal` + `signedVal_neg` — **PROVED** (centered coordinates for lattice embedding) - `latticeEmbedLift_intertwines_reflection` — **PROVED** (embedding commutes with time reflection) - `distribTimeReflection_continuous` — **PROVED** (WeakDual.continuous_of_continuous_eval) - `physicalPosition` — switched to centered coordinates (`signedVal` replaces `ZMod.val`) Upstream gaussian-field reductions (2026-03-27): - `schwartzLaplaceEvalCLM` — **PROVED** (new SchwartzFourier/LaplaceCLM.lean, 0 axioms) - `schwartzLaplaceEvalCLM_apply` — **PROVED** (definitional rfl) - `schwartzLaplace_uniformBound` — **PROVED** (via toLpCLM + Seminorm.bound_of_continuous) - gaussian-field axiom count: **7 → 3** Earlier reductions (PR#1 from Matteo Cipollina): - `gaussian_hermite_zero_mean` — **PROVED** (Hermite orthonormality from Mathlib) - `wickConstant_eq_variance` — **PROVED** (product DFT Parseval + translation invariance) - `periodicResolvent_convergence_rate` — **PROVED** (hyperbolic identity manipulation) **Route B (torus): `TorusInteractingOS.lean` has 0 local axioms, 0 sorries.** All OS0–OS2 proofs complete within this file. Transitive dependencies are now largely resolved — see `docs/torus-route-gap-audit.md` for details. Recently closed: - `osgood_separately_analytic` — **PROVED** (Osgood/OsgoodN.lean, 1965 lines) - `torusGeneratingFunctionalℂ_analyticOnNhd` — **PROVED** (Gaussian integrability via AM-GM) - `evalTorusAtSite` sorries — **PROVED** in gaussian-field Remaining: `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` (theorem in gaussian-field). **Route B' (asymmetric torus): `AsymTorusOS.lean` has 0 axioms, 0 sorry.** OS0 (analyticity), OS1 (regularity), OS2 (time reflection + translation) all proved. Four infrastructure lemmas (lattice translation invariance, GF Lipschitz bound, translation continuity, lattice approximation error vanishing) were formerly axiomatized and are now fully proved theorems (2026-03-18). Extends Route B to T_{Lt,Ls} with different circle sizes per direction. The live project-wide count is the counter total above. Older route-specific estimates in historical sections below are retained only as provenance and are not a live axiom count. Note: One axiom is `private`: `gaussian_rp_cov_perfect_square` (OS3_RP_Lattice). `schwartz_riemann_sum_bound` (PropagatorConvergence) was proved via Schwartz decay + telescoping sum bound. The remaining Gaussian propagator debt is now isolated in the spectral axiom `latticeGreenBilinear_basis_tendsto_continuum`; `propagator_convergence` itself is a theorem via `embeddedTwoPoint_eq_latticeGreenBilinear`. `schwinger2_convergence` was proved from `schwinger_n_convergence`, and `pphi2_nonGaussianity` from `continuumLimit_nonGaussian`. ## File inventory ### Active files (lattice approach) | Phase | File | Status | |-------|------|--------| | Core | `Polynomial.lean` | 0 axioms | | 1 | `WickOrdering/WickPolynomial.lean` | 0 axioms | | 1 | `WickOrdering/Counterterm.lean` | 0 axioms | | 1 | `InteractingMeasure/LatticeAction.lean` | 0 axioms | | 1 | `InteractingMeasure/LatticeMeasure.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 1 | `InteractingMeasure/Normalization.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 2 | `TransferMatrix/TransferMatrix.lean` | 0 axioms | | 2 | `TransferMatrix/L2Multiplication.lean` | 0 axioms (multiplication operator M_w) | | 2 | `TransferMatrix/L2Convolution.lean` | 0 axioms (Fubini identity proved) | | 2 | `TransferMatrix/L2Operator.lean` | 0 axioms; `integral_operator_l2_kernel_compact`, `hilbert_schmidt_isCompact`, and `transferOperator_isCompact` proved | | 2 | `TransferMatrix/GaussianFourier.lean` | 0 axioms; `fourierTransform_lp_eq_fourierIntegral`, `fourier_representation_convolution`, `inner_convCLM_pos_of_fourier_pos`, and `fourier_gaussian_pos` proved | | 2 | `TransferMatrix/Jentzsch.lean` | 0 axioms; Jentzsch + nontriviality + positivity-improving + strict PD all proved | | 2 | `TransferMatrix/Positivity.lean` | 0 axioms (energy levels, mass gap) | | 2 | `OSProofs/OS3_RP_Lattice.lean` | 1 axiom (`gaussian_rp_cov_perfect_square`), 0 sorries | | 2 | `OSProofs/OS3_RP_Inheritance.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 3 | `TransferMatrix/SpectralGap.lean` | 2 axioms | | 3 | `OSProofs/OS4_MassGap.lean` | 2 axioms, 0 sorries | | 3 | `OSProofs/OS4_Ergodicity.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/Embedding.lean` | 0 axioms (`IsPphi2Limit` is a def) | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/Hypercontractivity.lean` | 1 axiom, 0 sorries (Stage 1: `exponential_moment_bound` axiomatised — uniform-in-`a≤1` claim no longer holds via the easy pointwise lower bound under GJ-aligned wickConstant; Phase 2). `wickConstant_eq_variance` updated to use `latticeCovarianceGJ` via the bridge `latticeCovariance_GJ_eq_inv_smul_bare`. | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/Tightness.lean` | **0 axioms, 0 sorries** (`continuumMeasures_tight` proved from Mitoma-Chebyshev + `interacting_moment_bound`) | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/Convergence.lean` | 1 axiom, 0 sorries (`continuumLimit` and `pphi2_limit_exists` proved) | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/AxiomInheritance.lean` | **3 axioms, 0 sorries** (`continuum_exponential_moment_bound`, `canonical_continuumMeasure_cf_tendsto`, `continuum_exponential_clustering`; derived OS0/OS1/OS4 inheritance wrappers live here) | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/CharacteristicFunctional.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (complex analyticity, complex-from-real invariance, Z₂/reality, translation continuity, ergodicity support) | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/TimeReflection.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (continuum time reflection on Schwartz space and distributions) | | 4 | `ContinuumLimit/RPTransfer.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (intertwining proved, signedVal) | | 4G | `GaussianContinuumLimit/EmbeddedCovariance.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4G | `GaussianContinuumLimit/PropagatorConvergence.lean` | 1 axiom, 0 sorries (`propagator_convergence` now theorem; remaining axiom is `latticeGreenBilinear_basis_tendsto_continuum`) | | 4G | `GaussianContinuumLimit/GaussianTightness.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4G | `GaussianContinuumLimit/GaussianLimit.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 5 | `OSProofs/OS2_WardIdentity.lean` | 1 axiom | | — | `GeneralResults/ComplexAnalysis.lean` | **0 axioms** (`osgood_separately_analytic` proved via Osgood/) | | — | `GeneralResults/Osgood/Multilinear.lean` | 0 axioms (multilinear map infrastructure, from Irving) | | — | `GeneralResults/Osgood/Osgood2.lean` | 0 axioms (2-variable Osgood, adapted from Irving) | | — | `GeneralResults/Osgood/OsgoodN.lean` | **0 axioms, 0 sorries** (n-variable Osgood by induction) | | — | `GeneralResults/FunctionalAnalysis.lean` | 0 axioms (pure Mathlib results: Cesàro, Schwartz `L^p`, trig identities, logarithmic decay near `0`, generic characteristic-functional defect control) | | — | `GeneralResults/ResolventFourierAnalysis.lean` | 0 axioms (Fourier/resolvent kernel identities) | | — | `GeneralResults/SchwartzCutoff.lean` | 0 axioms (smooth cutoff operators on Schwartz space) | | — | `Common/QFT/Euclidean/Formulations.lean` | 0 axioms (shared measure / Schwinger / reconstruction-input interfaces) | | — | `Common/QFT/Euclidean/ReconstructionInterfaces.lean` | 0 axioms (backend-independent linear-growth / reconstruction rule interfaces) | | — | `GeneralResults/LatticeFourierIndexing.lean` | 0 axioms (Fourier mode reindexing and 2D lattice-eigenvalue sum theorem) | | — | `GeneralResults/LatticeProductDFT.lean` | 0 axioms (generic product DFT Parseval theorem and abstract-vs-explicit spectral covariance identity) | | — | `OSforGFF/TimeTranslation.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (Schwartz translation continuity) | | 6 | `OSAxioms.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 6 | `FormulationAdapter.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (exports `Pphi2` into the shared formulation layer) | | 6 | `Main.lean` | 1 axiom, 0 sorries | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusEmbedding.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (`torusContinuumGreen` now `greenFunctionBilinear`) | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusPropagatorConvergence.lean` | **0 axioms**, 0 sorries (Phase 2 Cluster B partial 2026-05-08: `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound` and `torus_propagator_convergence_GJ` both discharged via the `(a^d)⁻¹ · (L/N)² = 1` cancellation between `evalTorusAtSiteGJ` and `latticeCovarianceGJ`). | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusTightness.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusConvergence.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (Prokhorov proved!) | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusGaussianLimit.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusInteractingLimit.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusOSAxioms.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusInteractingOS.lean` | **0 axioms**, 0 sorries (Phase 2 Cluster B partial 2026-05-08: `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_le_seminorm` discharged via the symmetric-torus tight bound `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_le_seminorm_tight`). | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/MeasureUniqueness.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4T | `TorusContinuumLimit/TorusNuclearBridge.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | 4T | `NelsonEstimate/NelsonEstimate.lean` | 1 axiom, 0 sorries (Stage 1: `nelson_exponential_estimate_lattice` axiomatised — easy pointwise-bound proof breaks under GJ; genuine proof via Glimm–Jaffe Ch. 8 dynamical cutoff is Phase 2). | | 4T | `NelsonEstimate/CovarianceSplit.lean` | **0 axioms, 0 sorries** (Phase 2 partial discharge 2026-05-07: `roughCovariance_sq_summable` and `smoothVariance_le_log` (trivial-`C`-form) both axiom → proved theorem). | | 4T | `NelsonEstimate/FieldDecomposition.lean` | 0 axioms, 2 sorries (the canonical smooth/rough self-moment helper lemmas are proved; the remaining `canonicalSumFieldFunction_covariance` and `canonicalSumFieldFunction_covariance_eq_GJ` assembly proofs still need the integral-splitting step and the `massEigenvalues`/`latticeEigenvalue` bridge). | | 4T | `NelsonEstimate/{SmoothLowerBound,RoughErrorBound}.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (Phase 2 infrastructure, ready to wire into the real Nelson proof). | | B' | `AsymTorus/AsymTorusEmbedding.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries | | B' | `AsymTorus/AsymTorusInteractingLimit.lean` | 1 axiom, 0 sorries (`asymNelson_exponential_estimate` only — Cluster A Nelson estimate; Phase 2 Cluster B complete 2026-05-08: `asymGaussian_second_moment_uniform_bound` discharged via the new `evalAsymAtFinSiteGJ` GJ asym embedding). | | B' | `AsymTorus/AsymTorusOS.lean` | 1 axiom, 0 sorries (`asymTorusInteracting_exponentialMomentBound` only — Cluster A; Phase 2 Cluster B complete 2026-05-08: `asymGf_sub_norm_le_seminorm` discharged via the same `(a²)⁻¹·a_geom² = 1` cancellation pattern as the symmetric pair). | | 6 | `Bridge.lean` | 3 axioms, 0 sorries | | B'IR | `IRLimit/Periodization.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (re-exports from gaussian-field) | | B'IR | `IRLimit/CylinderEmbedding.lean` | **0 axioms, 0 sorries** (intertwining proved via NTP pure tensor density) | | B'IR | `IRLimit/CovarianceConvergence.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (spectral decompositions, pullback measures, basis machinery) | | B'IR | `IRLimit/CovarianceConvergenceProof.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (exponential convergence rates, `asymTorusGreen_tendsto_physicalCylinderGreen`, `cylinderIRLimit_covariance_eq`) | | B'IR | `IRLimit/GreenFunctionComparison.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (pullback second-moment identities) | | B'IR | `IRLimit/UniformExponentialMoment.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (uniform exp moment conditional on Green-moment input; uniform second moment derived) | | B'IR | `IRLimit/IRTightness.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (Prokhorov extraction proved conditional on `AsymTorusSequenceHasUniformGreenMomentBound`) | | B'IR | `IRLimit/CylinderOS.lean` | 0 axioms, 0 sorries (OS3 transferred from `CylinderMeasureSequenceEventuallyReflectionPositive`; OS0+OS2 proved conditional on uniform Green-moment input) | ### Inactive files (old DDJ/stochastic quantization approach) These files are from the earlier DDJ-based approach and live in `ddj/`. They are not imported by the build but may be useful as reference. - `ddj/Basic.lean` — cylinder test function spaces (44 sorries in instances) - `ddj/FunctionSpaces/WeightedLp.lean`, `ddj/FunctionSpaces/Embedding.lean` - `ddj/GaussianCylinder/Covariance.lean` - `ddj/MeasureCylinder/Regularized.lean`, `ddj/MeasureCylinder/UVLimit.lean` - `ddj/StochasticQuant/DaPratoDebussche.lean` - `ddj/StochasticEst/InfiniteVolumeBound.lean` - `ddj/Energy/EnergyEstimate.lean` - `ddj/InfiniteVolume/Tightness.lean` - `ddj/Integrability/Regularity.lean` - `ddj/ReflectionPositivity/RPPlane.lean` - `ddj/EuclideanInvariance/Invariance.lean` --- ## OS axiom formulations (OSAxioms.lean) The OS axioms are stated for a probability measure μ on S'(ℝ²) = `Configuration (ContinuumTestFunction 2)`, matching the formulations in `OSforGFF/OS_Axioms.lean` (adapted from d=4 to d=2). ### Infrastructure definitions | Definition | Type | Description | |-----------|------|-------------| | `SpaceTime2` | `Type` | `EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin 2)` — Euclidean ℝ² | | `TestFunction2` | `Type` | `ContinuumTestFunction 2` = `SchwartzMap (EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin 2)) ℝ` | | `TestFunction2ℂ` | `Type` | `SchwartzMap SpaceTime2 ℂ` — complex test functions | | `FieldConfig2` | `Type` | `Configuration (ContinuumTestFunction 2)` = `WeakDual ℝ S(ℝ²)` | | `E2` | `structure` | Euclidean motion: `R : O2`, `t : SpaceTime2` | | `O2` | `Type` | `LinearIsometry (RingHom.id ℝ) SpaceTime2 SpaceTime2` | | `generatingFunctional μ f` | `ℂ` | `Z[f] = ∫ exp(i⟨ω, f⟩) dμ(ω)` for real f | | `generatingFunctionalℂ μ J` | `ℂ` | Complex extension of Z | | `timeReflection2 p` | `SpaceTime2` | `(t, x) ↦ (-t, x)` | | `hasPositiveTime2 p` | `Prop` | First coordinate > 0 | | `positiveTimeSubmodule2` | `Submodule ℝ TestFunction2` | Test functions with `tsupport ⊆ {t > 0}` | | `PositiveTimeTestFunction2` | `Type` | Elements of `positiveTimeSubmodule2` | ### Operations on Schwartz space (all proved, 0 axioms in OSAxioms.lean) | Definition | Signature | Construction | |------------|-----------|-------------| | `euclideanAction2 g` | `TestFunction2 →L[ℝ] TestFunction2` | `compCLMOfAntilipschitz` with inverse Euclidean action | | `euclideanAction2ℂ g` | `TestFunction2ℂ →L[ℝ] TestFunction2ℂ` | Same for complex test functions | | `compTimeReflection2` | `TestFunction2 →L[ℝ] TestFunction2` | `compCLMOfContinuousLinearEquiv` with time reflection CLE | | `SchwartzMap.translate a` | `TestFunction2 →L[ℝ] TestFunction2` | `compCLMOfAntilipschitz` with translation | ### OS axiom definitions **OS0 (Analyticity)** — `OS0_Analyticity μ` ``` ∀ (n : ℕ) (J : Fin n → TestFunction2ℂ), AnalyticOn ℂ (fun z : Fin n → ℂ => generatingFunctionalℂ μ (∑ i, z i • J i)) Set.univ ``` Z[Σ zᵢJᵢ] is entire analytic in z ∈ ℂⁿ for any complex test functions Jᵢ. **OS1 (Regularity)** — `OS1_Regularity μ` ``` ∃ (p : ℝ) (c : ℝ), 1 ≤ p ∧ p ≤ 2 ∧ c > 0 ∧ ∀ (f : TestFunction2ℂ), ‖generatingFunctionalℂ μ f‖ ≤ Real.exp (c * (∫ x, ‖f x‖ ∂volume + ∫ x, ‖f x‖ ^ p ∂volume)) ``` Exponential bound on Z[f] controlled by L¹ and Lᵖ norms of the test function. For P(Φ)₂, the relevant bound is `‖Z[f]‖ ≤ exp(c · ‖f‖²_{H^{-1}})` from Nelson's hypercontractive estimate. **OS2 (Euclidean Invariance)** — `OS2_EuclideanInvariance μ` ``` ∀ (g : E2) (f : TestFunction2ℂ), generatingFunctionalℂ μ f = generatingFunctionalℂ μ (euclideanAction2ℂ g f) ``` Z[g·f] = Z[f] for all g ∈ E(2) = ℝ² ⋊ O(2). **OS3 (Reflection Positivity)** — `OS3_ReflectionPositivity μ` ``` ∀ (n : ℕ) (f : Fin n → PositiveTimeTestFunction2) (c : Fin n → ℝ), 0 ≤ ∑ i, ∑ j, c i * c j * (generatingFunctional μ ((f i).val - compTimeReflection2 ((f j).val))).re ``` The RP matrix `Mᵢⱼ = Re(Z[fᵢ - Θfⱼ])` is positive semidefinite for positive-time test functions fᵢ and real coefficients cᵢ. **OS4 (Clustering)** — `OS4_Clustering μ` ``` ∀ (f g : TestFunction2) (ε : ℝ), ε > 0 → ∃ (R : ℝ), R > 0 ∧ ∀ (a : SpaceTime2), ‖a‖ > R → ‖generatingFunctional μ (f + SchwartzMap.translate a g) - generatingFunctional μ f * generatingFunctional μ g‖ < ε ``` Correlations factor at large separations: Z[f + T_a g] → Z[f]·Z[g] as ‖a‖ → ∞. **OS4 (Ergodicity)** — `OS4_Ergodicity μ` Time-averaged generating functional converges to the product: `(1/T) ∫₀ᵀ Re(Z[f + τ_{(t,0)} g]) dt → Re(Z[f]) · Re(Z[g])` as T → ∞. ### Full axiom bundle `SatisfiesFullOS μ` is a structure with fields: - `os0 : OS0_Analyticity μ` - `os1 : OS1_Regularity μ` - `os2 : OS2_EuclideanInvariance μ` - `os3 : OS3_ReflectionPositivity μ` - `os4_clustering : OS4_Clustering μ` - `os4_ergodicity : OS4_Ergodicity μ` ### Sorries in OSAxioms.lean None — all sorries have been resolved. ### Proved theorems in OSAxioms.lean | Theorem | Description | |---------|-------------| | `timeReflection2_involution` | `Θ(Θp) = p` — time reflection is an involution | | `positiveTimeSubmodule2` | Submodule proof: zero_mem, add_mem, smul_mem | --- ## Axiom Work Log The live active axiom count is the `./scripts/count_axioms.sh` total at the top of this file. The tables below preserve proof-status provenance and may include proved, removed, or transitive dependency items; they are not a replacement for the live counter. ### Difficulty rating - **Easy**: Straightforward from Mathlib or simple calculation - **Medium**: Requires nontrivial but standard arguments - **Hard**: Deep analytic result, significant proof effort - **Infrastructure**: Needs Mathlib API that may not exist yet ### Phase 1: Wick ordering and lattice measure All Phase 1 axioms have been proved or removed. `wickConstant_log_divergence` (a pure computation, unused by the proof chain) was moved to `Unused/WickAsymptotics.lean`. ### Phase 2: Transfer matrix and reflection positivity | Axiom | File | Difficulty | Description | |-------|------|-----------|-------------| | ~~`transferOperatorCLM`~~ | L2Operator | ✅ **Defined** | Transfer matrix as `M_w ∘L Conv_G ∘L M_w` via kernel factorization. Uses `mulCLM` (L2Multiplication) and `convCLM` (L2Convolution). | | ~~`young_convolution_memLp`~~ | L2Convolution | ✅ **Proved** | Via Cauchy-Schwarz + Tonelli + translation invariance of Haar measure. | | ~~`young_convolution_bound`~~ | L2Convolution | ✅ **Proved** | Young's inequality norm bound via `young_eLpNorm_bound`. | | ~~`young_convolution_ae_add`~~ | L2Convolution | ✅ **Proved** | Via Fubini on `‖g‖` × `fᵢ²` (both L¹), bound `ab ≤ a + ab²`, `ConvolutionExistsAt.distrib_add`. | | ~~`convCLM_isSelfAdjoint_of_even`~~ | L2Convolution | ✅ **Proved** | Self-adjointness of convolution by even kernel. Proved via `integral_mul_conv_eq` Fubini identity. | | ~~`integral_mul_conv_eq`~~ | L2Convolution | ✅ **Proved** | Fubini identity: `∫ h·(g⋆f) = ∫ (g⋆h)·f` for even g. Proved via product integrability (AM-GM + Tonelli + translation invariance), `integral_integral_swap`, `convolution_eq_swap`. | | ~~`transferOperator_isSelfAdjoint`~~ | L2Operator | ✅ **Proved** | Self-adjointness of `A ∘ B ∘ A` from `mulCLM_isSelfAdjoint` and `convCLM_isSelfAdjoint_of_even` for the Gaussian kernel. | | ~~`transferOperator_isCompact`~~ | L2Operator | ✅ **Proved** | Compactness from `hilbert_schmidt_isCompact` (proved) + `transferWeight_memLp_two` (w ∈ L²) + `transferGaussian_norm_le_one` (‖G‖ ≤ 1). | | ~~`integral_operator_l2_kernel_compact`~~ | L2Operator | ✅ **Proved** | Convolution-form integral operators with L² kernels are compact (Hilbert-Schmidt theorem). Proved in `Pphi2.GeneralResults.HilbertSchmidt` and re-exported here. Reed-Simon I, Thm VI.23. | | ~~`hilbert_schmidt_isCompact`~~ | L2Operator | ✅ **Proved** | Proved from `integral_operator_l2_kernel_compact` via `tensor_kernel_memLp` (Tonelli + ‖g‖²≤‖g‖ bound) + `mul_conv_integral_rep` (integral representation). | | `transferOperator_spectral` | L2Operator | **Proved** | Spectral decomposition from `compact_selfAdjoint_spectral` (gaussian-field). | | ~~`jentzsch_theorem`~~ | Jentzsch | ✅ **Proved** | Jentzsch's theorem for compact self-adjoint positivity-improving operators: ground eigenvalue simple with strict spectral gap. Reed-Simon IV, XIII.43–44. Full proof in `JentzschProof.lean`, bridge via `IsPositivityImproving.toPI'`. | | ~~`transferOperator_positivityImproving`~~ | Jentzsch | ✅ **Proved** | Transfer kernel K(ψ,ψ') = w(ψ)G(ψ-ψ')w(ψ') > 0 everywhere, so T maps nonneg nonzero f to a.e. strictly positive Tf. Proved via T = M_w ∘ Conv_G ∘ M_w factorization, Cauchy-Schwarz for L² integrability, measure-preserving translation, and `integral_pos_iff_support_of_nonneg_ae`. | | ~~`transferOperator_strictly_positive_definite`~~ | Jentzsch | ✅ **Proved** | ⟨f, Tf⟩ > 0 for f ≠ 0. Proved via self-adjointness of M_w (⟨f, M_w(Conv_G(M_w f))⟩ = ⟨M_w f, Conv_G(M_w f)⟩), injectivity of M_w (w > 0), and Gaussian convolution strict PD axiom. | | ~~`inner_convCLM_pos_of_fourier_pos`~~ | GaussianFourier | ✅ **Proved** | Convolution with Gaussian exp(-½‖·‖²) is strictly PD on L²: ⟨f, Conv_G f⟩ = ∫ |f̂(k)|² Ĝ(k) dk > 0. Proved via the private theorem `fourier_representation_convolution` + `fourier_gaussian_pos` + Plancherel injectivity. | | ~~`fourierTransform_lp_eq_fourierIntegral`~~ | GaussianFourier | ✅ **Proved** | Lp/Fourier-integral representative bridge for `L¹ ∩ L²` functions, proved via Mathlib's tempered-distribution Fourier compatibility plus Fubini and `ae_eq_of_integral_contDiff_smul_eq`. | | ~~`l2SpatialField_hilbertBasis_nontrivial`~~ | Jentzsch | ✅ **Proved** | Any Hilbert basis of L²(ℝ^Ns) has ≥ 2 elements. Proved via indicator functions on disjoint balls + orthogonality. | | ~~`transferOperator_inner_nonneg`~~ | Jentzsch | ✅ **Proved** | ⟨f, Tf⟩ ≥ 0. Derived from strict PD (> 0 for f ≠ 0, = 0 for f = 0). | | ~~`transferOperator_eigenvalues_pos`~~ | Jentzsch | ✅ **Proved** | λᵢ > 0. From ⟨bᵢ, Tbᵢ⟩ = λᵢ‖bᵢ‖² > 0 by strict PD. | | ~~`transferOperator_ground_simple`~~ | Jentzsch | ✅ **Proved** | Ground-state simplicity. Derived from Jentzsch + eigenvalue positivity + nontriviality. | | ~~`action_decomposition`~~ | OS3_RP_Lattice | ✅ **Proved** | S_plus = V/2, using sum-reindexing by site-reflection bijection (timeReflection2D is involution). | | ~~`lattice_rp`~~ | OS3_RP_Lattice | ✅ **Proved** | RP inequality for `interactingLatticeMeasure`. Proved from `gaussian_rp_with_boundary_weight` via time-slice decomposition V=V₊+V₀+V₋, reflection symmetry V₋(φ)=V₊(Θφ), and integrand factorization. | | ~~`gaussian_rp_with_boundary_weight`~~ | OS3_RP_Lattice | ✅ **Proved** | Derived from `gaussian_density_rp` via `evalMapMeasurableEquiv` density bridge: `∫ F(evalMap ω) dμ = (∫ F·ρ) / (∫ ρ)`, ratio ≥ 0. | | ~~`gaussian_density_rp`~~ | OS3_RP_Lattice | ✅ **Proved** | Core Gaussian RP at density level: ∫ G(φ)·G(Θφ)·w(φ)·ρ(φ) dφ ≥ 0. Non-integrable case proved; integrable case: density factorization ρ = exp(-½A)·exp(-½C) proved (linearity + self-adjointness + block-zero), A-independence of v₋ proved. Final step via `gaussian_rp_perfect_square` theorem (factors G out) + `gaussian_rp_cov_perfect_square` axiom (COV + perfect square). | | ~~`lattice_rp_matrix`~~ | OS3_RP_Lattice | ✅ **Proved** | Matrix form of RP via cos(u-v) expansion + `lattice_rp`. | | ~~`rp_from_transfer_positivity`~~ | OS3_RP_Lattice | ✅ **Proved** | ⟨f, T^n f⟩ ≥ 0 via `transferOperatorCLM`. | | `gaussian_rp_cov_perfect_square` | OS3_RP_Lattice | Medium | Second Fubini + COV + perfect square for Gaussian RP. Decomposes into: (1) second Fubini splitting v=(v₋,v₀), (2) factoring out boundary terms, (3) COV identity (the hard part: time-reflection on S₋ using `massOperatorMatrix_timeNeg_invariant`), (4) Fubini swap u↔v₀, (5) perfect square `∫ w·exp·[∫ G·exp]² ≥ 0`. Private axiom. | ### Phase 3: Spectral gap and clustering | Axiom | File | Difficulty | Description | |-------|------|-----------|-------------| | `spectral_gap_uniform` | SpectralGap | Hard | Mass gap bounded below uniformly in a. Key input: the interaction is a bounded perturbation of the free field in the sense of Kato-Rellich, and the free mass gap is m > 0. Needs careful control of the perturbation as a→0. | | `spectral_gap_lower_bound` | SpectralGap | Hard | m_phys ≥ c·m_bare. Quantitative bound on the physical mass. | | ~~`connectedTwoPoint_nonneg_delta`~~ | OS4_MassGap | ✅ **Proved** | Variance nonnegativity: direct proof via ∫(X-E[X])² ≥ 0. | | ~~`two_point_clustering_lattice`~~ | OS4_MassGap | ✅ **Proved** | Exponential decay bound using `finLatticeDelta`, `massGap`, and the cyclic torus time separation. | | ~~`general_clustering_lattice`~~ | OS4_MassGap | ✅ **Proved** | Bounded `F`, `G` with `G` on time-shifted config `latticeConfigEuclideanTimeShift N R ω`, decaying in `latticeEuclideanTimeSeparation N R`. | | ~~`clustering_implies_ergodicity`~~ | OS4_Ergodicity | ✅ **Proved** | Exponential clustering → ergodicity of time translations. | | ~~`unique_vacuum`~~ | OS4_Ergodicity | ✅ **Proved** | From `transferOperator_ground_simple_spectral`. | | ~~`exponential_mixing`~~ | OS4_Ergodicity | ✅ **Proved** | Exponential mixing from mass gap. | | ~~`os4_lattice`~~ | OS4_Ergodicity | ✅ **Proved** | Lattice satisfies OS4 (assembles the above). | Note: `partitionFunction_eq_trace`, `hamiltonian_selfadjoint`, `hamiltonian_compact_resolvent`, `ground_state_simple`, `ground_state_positive`, `ground_state_smooth` were removed in earlier refactoring (functionality consolidated into L2Operator axioms). ### Phase 4: Continuum limit | Axiom | File | Difficulty | Description | |-------|------|-----------|-------------| | ~~`latticeEmbed`~~ | Embedding | ✅ Proved | Constructed via `SchwartzMap.mkCLMtoNormedSpace`. Bound: `|ι_a(φ)(f)| ≤ (a^d·Σ|φ(x)|)·seminorm(0,0)(f)`. | | ~~`latticeEmbed_eval`~~ | Embedding | ✅ Proved | `rfl` from construction. | | ~~`latticeEmbed_measurable`~~ | Embedding | ✅ Proved | `configuration_measurable_of_eval_measurable` + continuity of finite sum. | | ~~`latticeEmbedLift`~~ | Embedding | ✅ Proved | Constructed as `latticeEmbed d N a ha (fun x => ω (Pi.single x 1))`. | | ~~`latticeEmbedLift_measurable`~~ | Embedding | ✅ Proved | `configuration_measurable_of_eval_measurable` + `configuration_eval_measurable`. | | `second_moment_uniform` | Tightness | Hard | ∫|Φ_a(f)|² dν_a ≤ C(f) uniformly in a. Key input: Nelson's hypercontractive estimate + convergence of lattice propagator. | | `moment_equicontinuity` | Tightness | Hard | Equicontinuity of moments in f. Needs Schwartz seminorm control. | | ~~`continuumMeasures_tight`~~ | Tightness | **PROVED** | Mitoma-Chebyshev + uniform second moments. `continuum_second_moment_uniform` derives the uniform bound from `interacting_moment_bound` (at `n=1, p=2`) + `gaussian_second_moment_uniform`. | | ~~`gaussian_hypercontractivity_continuum`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Proved** | Gaussian hypercontractivity in continuum-embedded form. Proved from `gaussian_hypercontractive` (gaussian-field) via pushforward + `latticeEmbedLift_eval_eq`. | | ~~`wickMonomial_latticeGaussian`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Theorem** | Proved from `wickConstant_eq_variance` + marginal Gaussian + `gaussian_hermite_zero_mean`. | | ~~`wickConstant_eq_variance`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Theorem** | Proved generically from `GeneralResults/LatticeProductDFT.lean`: product-DFT Parseval plus the abstract spectral covariance formula identify the site variance with the Wick constant in arbitrary dimension. | | ~~`gaussian_hermite_zero_mean`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Proved** | 1D: ∫ He_n dN(0,σ²) = 0 for n ≥ 1; polynomial integrability under `gaussianReal`. | | ~~`wickPolynomial_uniform_bounded_below`~~ | WickPolynomial | **Proved** | Wick polynomial P(c,x) ≥ -A uniformly for c ∈ [0,C]. Coefficient continuity + compactness + leading term dominance. | | ~~`exponential_moment_bound`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Proved** | ∫ exp(-2V_a) dμ_{GFF} ≤ K. Proved from `wickPolynomial_uniform_bounded_below` + pointwise exp bound + probability measure. | | ~~`interacting_moment_bound`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Proved** | Bounds interacting L^{pn} moments in terms of FREE Gaussian L^{2n} moments via Cauchy-Schwarz density transfer. Proved from `exponential_moment_bound`, `partitionFunction_ge_one`, `pairing_memLp`, and Hölder/Cauchy-Schwarz. | | ~~`partitionFunction_ge_one`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Proved** | Z_a ≥ 1 by Jensen's inequality (`ConvexOn.map_integral_le`) + `interactionFunctional_mean_nonpos`. | | ~~`interactionFunctional_mean_nonpos`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Proved** | ∫ V dμ_GFF ≤ 0. Proved from `wickMonomial_latticeGaussian` (Hermite orthogonality) + linearity + `P.coeff_zero_nonpos`. | | `prokhorov_configuration_sequential` | Convergence | Infrastructure | Sequential extraction axiom directly on `Configuration (ContinuumTestFunction d)`; avoids global Polish/Borel assumptions on full weak-* dual. | | ~~`prokhorov_sequential`~~ | Convergence | ~~Infrastructure~~ | **Proved** — generic Polish-space sequential Prokhorov theorem (kept as theorem, not used by `continuumLimit`). | | ~~`schwinger2_convergence`~~ | Convergence | **PROVED** | 2-point Schwinger functions converge. Proved from `schwinger_n_convergence`. | | `schwinger_n_convergence` | Convergence | Hard | n-point Schwinger functions converge along subsequence. Diagonal subsequence extraction. | | `continuumLimit_nontrivial` | Convergence | Hard | ∫ (ω f)² dμ > 0 for some f. Free field two-point function gives lower bound. | | `continuumLimit_nonGaussian` | Convergence | Hard | Connected 4-point function ≠ 0. Perturbation theory gives O(λ) contribution. | | `continuum_exponential_moment_bound` | AxiomInheritance | Hard | Mixed `L¹`/Green exponential-moment input `∫ exp(|ω f|) ≤ exp(c₁∫|f| + c₂ G(f,f))` used to derive the OS0/OS1 wrappers. | | ~~`os3_for_continuum_limit`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | ✅ **Proved** | Standard OS3 from inline approximant RP in `IsPphi2Limit` + entrywise characteristic-functional convergence. | | `continuum_exponential_clustering` | AxiomInheritance | Hard | Continuum characteristic-functional clustering input from the spectral-gap package. | | ~~`os0_for_continuum_limit / os1_for_continuum_limit / os4_for_continuum_limit`~~ | AxiomInheritance | **Theorem** | Derived wrappers packaging the analytic and clustering inputs into the generic OS bundle. | ### Phase 4G: Gaussian continuum limit | Axiom | File | Difficulty | Description | |-------|------|-----------|-------------| | `latticeGreenBilinear_basis_tendsto_continuum` | PropagatorConvergence | Medium | Spectral lattice Green bilinear on Dynin-Mityagin basis pairs → continuum Fourier Green bilinear. `latticeGreenBilinear_tendsto_continuum` and `propagator_convergence` are now derived theorems. | | ~~`gaussianContinuumMeasures_tight`~~ | GaussianTightness | **PROVED for `d > 0`** | Tightness via `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` + integrability through lattice embedding. The excluded `d = 0` case is a separate Dynin-Mityagin / Schwartz-space infrastructure issue. | | ~~`gaussianLimit_isGaussian`~~ | GaussianLimit | **PROVED** | Weak limits of Gaussian measures are Gaussian. Proved via 1D evaluation marginals and `weakLimit_centered_gaussianReal`. | **Proved theorems (GaussianContinuumLimit/):** - `gaussianContinuumMeasure_isProbability`: Pushforward of probability measure is probability. - `embeddedTwoPoint_eq_covariance`: Change-of-variables reducing pushforward integral to lattice GFF. - `embeddedTwoPoint_eq_latticeGreenBilinear`: Canonical reduction of the embedded two-point function to the lattice spectral Green bilinear form. - `embeddedTwoPoint_eq_spectral_sum`: Explicit spectral-sum form of the same reduction. - `propagator_convergence`: Now a theorem, deduced from `embeddedTwoPoint_eq_latticeGreenBilinear` and the deeper spectral convergence axiom. - `gaussian_second_moment_uniform`: Uniform second moment bound from `embeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound`. - `gaussianContinuumLimit_exists`: Subsequential weak limit via Prokhorov extraction. - `gaussianContinuumLimit_nontrivial`: `∫ (ω f)² dμ > 0` from `continuumGreenBilinear_pos`. - `gaussian_feeds_interacting_tightness`: Bridge — Gaussian bound feeds Cauchy-Schwarz density transfer. - `gaussianContinuumMeasures_tight`: Tightness of embedded GFF measures via `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments`, now proved for `d > 0`. - `gaussianLimit_isGaussian`: Weak limits of the embedded Gaussian measures are Gaussian. - `gaussianContinuumMeasure_sq_integrable`: Integrability of `(ω f)²` through lattice embedding via `pairing_product_integrable`. **Open work in this slice:** - `latticeGreenBilinear_basis_tendsto_continuum`: remaining analytic convergence core for the Gaussian continuum route. - Optional full generality for `gaussianContinuumMeasures_tight` (`d = 0` case): add a dedicated `DyninMityaginSpace (ContinuumTestFunction 0)` instance, then audit `GaussianLimit.lean` and `ContinuumLimit/Convergence.lean` for other `d > 0` dependencies. Note: `os1_inheritance` is a theorem (not axiom) — OS1 transfers trivially since |cos(·)| ≤ 1. ### Phase 4T: Torus continuum limit (UV only, L fixed) | Axiom | File | Difficulty | Description | |-------|------|-----------|-------------| | ~~`torus_propagator_convergence`~~ | TorusPropagatorConvergence | **PROVED** | Proved via gaussian-field `lattice_green_tendsto_continuum` axiom. Chain: `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint` → `lattice_cross_moment` → `covariance` → axiom. | | ~~`torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound`~~ | TorusPropagatorConvergence | **PROVED** | `E[Φ_N(f)²] ≤ C` uniformly in N. Eigenvalue lower bound `λ_k ≥ m²` + Parseval + Riemann sum bound on compact torus. | | ~~`torusContinuumMeasures_tight`~~ | TorusTightness | **PROVED** | Proved from `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` (Mitoma-Chebyshev axiom) + `torus_second_moment_uniform`. | | `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` | TorusTightness | Medium | ✅ Verified (DT 2026-03-11). Mitoma-Chebyshev: on nuclear dual (`DyninMityaginSpace`), uniform 2nd moments ⟹ tightness. Mitoma (1983), Simon §V.1. Nuclearity essential (ℓ² counterexample). | | ~~`torusGaussianMeasure_isGaussian`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED** | Lattice GFF pushforward is Gaussian. MGF: `E[e^{ω(f)}] = exp(½ E[ω(f)²])`. | | ~~`torusGaussianLimit_isGaussian`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED** | Weak limits of Gaussians on torus are Gaussian. Proved via `pushforward_eval_gaussianReal` (MGF matching → complexMGF extension → measure equality) + `weakLimit_centered_gaussianReal`. | | ~~`weakLimit_centered_gaussianReal`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED** | Weak limits of centered Gaussians on ℝ are centered Gaussian. Proved via charFun decomposition into cos/sin integrals, variance extraction from log limit, and `Measure.ext_of_charFun`. | | `torusLimit_covariance_eq` | TorusGaussianLimit | Medium | Weak convergence transfers second moments. Uniform integrability from `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound`. | | `gaussian_measure_unique_of_covariance` | TorusGaussianLimit | Medium | Gaussian on nuclear space determined by covariance. Bochner-Minlos uniqueness. | | `torusGaussianMeasure_z2_symmetric` | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED** | Lattice GFF pushforward is Z₂-symmetric: both `neg_* ν` and `ν` are Gaussian with same covariance, hence equal by `gaussian_measure_unique_of_covariance`. | | `z2_symmetric_of_weakLimit` | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED** | Z₂ symmetry transfers through weak limits. Proved via configBasisEval pushforward to ℝ^ℕ (Polish) + Portmanteau. | | ~~`torusGaussianLimit_fullConvergence`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED** | Full sequence convergence via `Filter.tendsto_of_subseq_tendsto` + Prokhorov + Gaussian uniqueness. | | `torus_interacting_tightness` | TorusInteractingLimit | Medium | Cauchy-Schwarz density transfer from Gaussian tightness. Nelson's estimate + hypercontractivity. | | ~~`torusGaussianLimit_characteristic_functional`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED** | CF `E[e^{iωf}] = exp(-½G(f,f))` from MGF via `complexMGF` analytic continuation + `charFun_gaussianReal`. | | `torusPositiveTimeSubmodule` | TorusOSAxioms | Infrastructure | Submodule of torus test functions with time support in (0, L/2). Nuclear tensor product lacks pointwise evaluation, so submodule axiomatized. | | ~~`torusGaussianLimit_complex_cf_quadratic`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED** | Complex CF of Gaussian = exp(-½ ∑ᵢⱼ zᵢzⱼ G(Jᵢ,Jⱼ)). Proved via `torusGeneratingFunctionalℂ_analyticOnNhd` + `analyticOnNhd_eq_of_eqOn_reals`. | | ~~`torusGeneratingFunctionalℂ_analyticOnNhd`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED** | Analyticity of complex generating functional on ℂⁿ. Proved via `analyticOnNhd_integral` + `gaussian_exp_sum_abs_integrable` (AM-GM induction). | | `torusLattice_rp` | TorusOSAxioms | Medium | Matrix-form reflection positivity for lattice GFF on torus. For positive-time test functions, Σᵢⱼ cᵢcⱼ Re(Z[fᵢ - Θfⱼ]) ≥ 0. Fubini + perfect-square argument. | | ~~`torusGaussianLimit_complex_cf_norm`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **ELIMINATED** | Axiom eliminated: OS1 proved directly via triangle inequality `‖Z_ℂ‖ ≤ ∫ exp(-ω(f_im)) dμ = exp(½G₂₂)` without needing exact norm. | | ~~`torusContinuumGreen_continuous_diag`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED** | Proved via `greenFunctionBilinear_continuous_diag` in gaussian-field. Locally uniform convergence of partial sums (Weierstrass M-test + coeff_decay). | **Proved theorems (TorusContinuumLimit/):** - `torusEmbedLift_measurable`: Measurability of torus embedding lift. - `torusContinuumMeasure_isProbability`: Pushforward of probability measure is probability. - `torus_second_moment_uniform`: Uniform second moment bound from `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound`. - `torusGaussianLimit_exists`: **PROVED** — Prokhorov extraction on Polish torus (no `prokhorov_configuration_sequential` axiom needed). - `torusGaussianLimit_converges`: **PROVED** — Full sequence convergence (not just subsequential). From Gaussianity + covariance uniqueness. - `torusGaussianLimit_nontrivial`: `∫ (ω f)² dμ > 0` from `torusContinuumGreen_pos`. - `torusInteractingMeasure_isProbability`: Interacting pushforward is probability. - `torusInteractingLimit_exists`: **PROVED** — Prokhorov extraction for interacting measures. - `torusContinuumGreen_nonneg`: `G_L(f,f) ≥ 0` from `greenFunctionBilinear_nonneg` (proved in gaussian-field). - `torusContinuumGreen_continuous_diag`: **PROVED** — f ↦ G_L(f,f) continuous. Via `greenFunctionBilinear_continuous_diag` in gaussian-field (Weierstrass M-test + coeff_decay + locally uniform convergence). - `torusGaussianLimit_characteristic_functional`: **PROVED** — CF formula `E[e^{iωf}] = exp(-½G(f,f))`. From MGF agreement → `eqOn_complexMGF_of_mgf` → `charFun_gaussianReal` (Mathlib Gaussian CF). - `torusGaussianLimit_os0`: **PROVED** -- OS0 analyticity. Rewrites complex CF as exp(-½ ∑ zᵢzⱼ Gᵢⱼ) via `torusGaussianLimit_complex_cf_quadratic`, then exp-of-polynomial is analytic via `AnalyticAt.cexp'` + `Finset.analyticAt_fun_sum` + `ContinuousLinearMap.proj.analyticAt`. - `torusGaussianLimit_os1`: **PROVED** — OS1 regularity with q(f)=G_L(f,f), c=½. Triangle inequality: `‖Z_ℂ‖ ≤ ∫ exp(-ω(f_im)) dμ = exp(½G₂₂) ≤ exp(½(G₁₁+G₂₂))` via `norm_integral_le`, `Complex.norm_exp`, Gaussian MGF, and `torusContinuumGreen_nonneg`. - `torusMatrixRP_of_weakLimit`: **PROVED** — Matrix RP transfers through weak limits via Re(Z[g]) = ∫ cos(ω(g)) dμ (bounded continuous) + `tendsto_finset_sum` + `ge_of_tendsto'`. - `torusGaussianLimit_os3`: **PROVED** — OS3 reflection positivity from `torusMatrixRP_of_weakLimit` + `torusLattice_rp` + `torusGaussianLimit_fullConvergence`. **Sorries (provable):** - ~~`torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound`~~: **PROVED.** `latticeTestFn_norm_sq_bounded` filled via DM expansion + Fourier basis C^0 bounds. **Former sorries (now resolved):** - ~~`torusContinuumGreen`~~: Now defined as `greenFunctionBilinear` from gaussian-field `HeatKernel/Bilinear.lean`. - ~~`torusContinuumGreen_pos`~~: Now proved from `greenFunctionBilinear_pos`. - ~~Z₂ symmetry~~: Now axiomatized as `torusGaussianMeasure_z2_symmetric` + `z2_symmetric_of_weakLimit`. - ~~Full sequence convergence~~: Now axiomatized as `torusGaussianLimit_fullConvergence`. ### Phase 5: Euclidean invariance (OS2) and OS proof chains | Axiom | File | Difficulty | Description | |-------|------|-----------|-------------| | ~~`latticeAction_translation_invariant`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | ~~Easy~~ | **Proved** — relabeling via `Equiv.subRight`. | | ~~`cesaro_set_integral_tendsto`~~ | GeneralResults/FunctionalAnalysis | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — moved to GeneralResults as pure Mathlib result. | | ~~`tendsto_zero_pow_mul_one_add_abs_log_pow`~~ | GeneralResults/FunctionalAnalysis | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — generalized positive-power log-decay lemma: `a_n^m (1 + |log a_n|)^p → 0` for every natural `m ≥ 1`, with the former square case now a corollary used by OS2. | | ~~`norm_configuration_expIntegral_sub_le_integral_cexp_eval_dist`~~ | GeneralResults/FunctionalAnalysis | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — generic characteristic-functional defect estimate `‖∫e^{i⟨ω,g⟩} - ∫e^{i⟨ω,f⟩}‖ ≤ ∫‖e^{i⟨ω,g⟩} - e^{i⟨ω,f⟩}‖`, now specialized by OS2. | | ~~`pphi2_generating_functional_real`~~ | CharacteristicFunctional | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — from `pphi2_measure_neg_invariant` via conj(Z[f])=Z[f]. | | ~~`pphi2_measure_neg_invariant`~~ | CharacteristicFunctional | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — Z₂ symmetry baked into `IsPphi2Limit` definition. | | ~~`generatingFunctional_translate_continuous`~~ | CharacteristicFunctional | ~~Easy~~ | **Proved** — via DCT (bound 1) + `continuous_timeTranslationSchwartz` from TimeTranslation.lean. | | ~~`norm_generatingFunctional_le_one`~~ | CharacteristicFunctional | ✅ **Proved** | ‖Z[f]‖ ≤ 1 from norm_integral ≤ ∫ norm + ‖exp(ix)‖=1. | | ~~`os4_clustering_implies_ergodicity`~~ | CharacteristicFunctional | ✅ **Proved** | OS4_Clustering → OS4_Ergodicity via reality of Z + Cesàro convergence. | | ~~`latticeMeasure_translation_invariant`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — density bridge + change of variables. BW and ρ invariant under translation, Lebesgue measure preserved by `piCongrLeft`. | | ~~`translation_invariance_continuum`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — strengthened `IsPphi2Limit` with `cf_tendsto` + `lattice_inv` fields; continuum invariance via `tendsto_nhds_unique_of_eventuallyEq`. | | `rotation_cf_defect_polylog_bound` | OS2_WardIdentity | Hard | Remaining OS2 axiom: one-point super-renormalizable bound on the canonical characteristic-functional defect `rotationCFDefect`, uniform in the lattice size `N` and scaling like `C·a²·(1+|log a|)^p`. | | `canonical_continuumMeasure_cf_tendsto` | AxiomInheritance | Hard | Coupled UV/IR bridge: canonical `continuumMeasure 2 (N n) P (a n) mass` approximants converge in characteristic functionals to `μ` along `a_n → 0`, `N_n → ∞`, and physical volume `(N_n : ℝ) * a_n → ∞`. | | `continuum_exponential_moment_bound` | AxiomInheritance | Hard | Project-level continuum exponential-moment bridge `∫ exp(|ω f|) dμ ≤ exp(c₁∫|f| + c₂ G(f,f))`. Single remaining OS0/OS1 analytic input. | | ~~`analyticOn_generatingFunctionalC`~~ | CharacteristicFunctional | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — via `analyticOnNhd_integral`, the finite-source pairing rewrite, and compact domination from exponential moments of `schwartzRe`/`schwartzIm`. | | ~~`continuum_exponential_moments`~~ | AxiomInheritance | ~~Hard~~ | **Proved** — derived by scaling from `continuum_exponential_moment_bound`. Feeds OS0 + OS1. | | ~~`exponential_moment_schwartz_bound`~~ | AxiomInheritance | ~~Medium~~ | **Proved** — combines `continuum_exponential_moment_bound` with `continuumGreenBilinear_le_mass_inv_sq`. | | ~~`rotation_invariance_continuum`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | Hard | **Proved** — canonical CF convergence for `continuumMeasure` + `anomaly_vanishes` + Mathlib logarithmic asymptotics yield `Z[R·f] = Z[f]`. Feeds OS2. | | `continuum_exponential_clustering` | AxiomInheritance | Hard | `‖Z[f+τ_a g] - Z[f]Z[g]‖ ≤ C·exp(-m₀·‖a‖)`. Spectral gap → exp clustering. Feeds OS4. | **Proof chain theorems** (all fully proved, no sorries): - `ward_identity_lattice`: Ward identity bound (**proved**) - `anomaly_scaling_dimension`: lattice dispersion Taylor error bound (**proved**, cos_bound + crude bound) - `configuration_cexp_eval_sub_integrand` / `configuration_cexp_eval_dist`: generic characteristic-functional defect observables (**proved** definitions, in `FunctionalAnalysis`) - `norm_configuration_expIntegral_sub_le_integral_cexp_eval_dist`: generic CF defect control theorem (**proved**, in `FunctionalAnalysis`) - `rotationCFPointwiseDefectIntegrand` / `rotationCFPointwiseDefect`: OS2 specialization of the generic CF defect API (**proved** abbreviations) - `rotationCFDefect`: concrete one-point canonical CF rotation defect (**proved** definition) - `rotation_cf_defect_polylog_bound`: uniform defect-level Ward bound (**axiom**) - `anomaly_bound_from_superrenormalizability`: one-point CF anomaly bound (**proved**, derived from `rotation_cf_defect_polylog_bound`) - `anomaly_vanishes`: one-point anomaly satisfies `‖Z_a[R·f] - Z_a[f]‖ ≤ C·a²·(1 + |log a|)^p` and hence vanishes (**proved**, from `anomaly_bound_from_superrenormalizability` + logarithmic asymptotics) - `complex_gf_invariant_of_real_gf_invariant`: complex Euclidean invariance from real invariance + analyticity (**proved**, now in `CharacteristicFunctional`) - `os0_for_continuum_limit`: exponential moments → OS0_Analyticity (**proved**, now in `AxiomInheritance`) - `os1_for_continuum_limit`: exponential moments → OS1_Regularity (**proved**, now in `AxiomInheritance`) - `os2_for_continuum_limit`: translation + rotation → OS2_EuclideanInvariance (**proved**) - `os4_for_continuum_limit`: exponential clustering → OS4_Clustering (**proved**, now in `AxiomInheritance`; ε-δ from exp decay) - `os4_clustering_implies_ergodicity`: OS4_Clustering → OS4_Ergodicity (**proved**, now in `CharacteristicFunctional`; via reality of Z + Cesàro convergence) - `norm_generatingFunctional_le_one`: ‖Z[f]‖ ≤ 1 (**proved**, now in `CharacteristicFunctional`; norm_integral_le + ‖exp(ix)‖ = 1) ### Phase 6: OS axioms and assembly | Axiom | File | Difficulty | Description | |-------|------|-----------|-------------| | ~~`euclideanAction2`~~ | OSAxioms | ✅ Proved | Constructed via `SchwartzMap.compCLMOfAntilipschitz` with inverse Euclidean action (antilipschitz + temperate growth). | | ~~`euclideanAction2ℂ`~~ | OSAxioms | ✅ Proved | Same construction for complex Schwartz functions. | | ~~`compTimeReflection2`~~ | OSAxioms | ✅ Proved | Constructed via `SchwartzMap.compCLMOfContinuousLinearEquiv` with time reflection as CLE. | | ~~`compTimeReflection2_apply`~~ | OSAxioms | ✅ Proved | Follows by `rfl` from the construction. | | ~~`SchwartzMap.translate`~~ | OSAxioms | ✅ Proved | Constructed via `SchwartzMap.compCLMOfAntilipschitz` with translation (antilipschitz + temperate growth). | | ~~`massParameter_positive`~~ | Main | **Proved** | ∃ m₀ > 0 witnessed by hypothesis `0 < mass` (not OS reconstruction / not Wightman). | | ~~`pphi2_exists_os_and_massParameter_positive`~~ | Main | **Proved** | `pphi2_exists` + `massParameter_positive`. | | ~~`os_reconstruction`~~ | Main | **Deprecated alias** | Use `massParameter_positive` (since 2026-04-03). | | ~~`pphi2_wightman`~~ | Main | **Deprecated alias** | Use `pphi2_exists_os_and_massParameter_positive` (since 2026-04-03). | | ~~`pphi2_nontrivial`~~ | Main | **Proved** | Uses `pphi2_nontriviality` axiom. | | ~~`pphi2_nonGaussian`~~ | Main | **Proved** | Uses `pphi2_nonGaussianity` axiom. | | `pphi2_nontriviality` | Main | Hard | ∫ (ω f)² dμ > 0 for all f ≠ 0. Correlation inequalities (Griffiths, FKG). | | ~~`pphi2_nonGaussianity`~~ | Main | **PROVED** | Proved from `continuumLimit_nonGaussian` by providing a fixed sequence `aₙ = 1/(n+1)`. | | ~~`measure_determined_by_schwinger`~~ | Bridge | **PROVED** | Discharged 2026-06-02 → theorem via `MeasureUniqueness.measure_eq_of_moments` (finite exp-moments ⇒ entire MGF ⇒ Cramér–Wold). | | ~~`wick_constant_comparison`~~ | ~~Bridge~~ | — | **Removed** — duplicate of `wickConstant_log_divergence`, moved to Unused/. | | `same_continuum_measure` | Bridge | Medium | pphi2 and Phi4 constructions agree at weak coupling. Requires `IsPphi2ContinuumLimit`, `IsPhi4ContinuumLimit`, `IsWeakCoupling`. | | `os2_from_phi4` | Bridge | Medium | OS2 for Phi4 continuum limit. Requires `IsPhi4ContinuumLimit` hypothesis. | | ~~`os3_from_pphi2`~~ | Bridge | ✅ **Proved** | From `os3_for_continuum_limit` + `IsPphi2ContinuumLimit.toIsPphi2Limit`. | | `schwinger_agreement` | Bridge | Very Hard | Schwinger function agreement at weak coupling. Cluster expansion (Guerra-Rosen-Simon). | --- ## Sorry inventory (all active files) ### Provable with current Lean/Mathlib | Sorry | File | Notes | |-------|------|-------| | ~~`polynomial_lower_bound`~~ | Polynomial | **Promoted to axiom** — even degree + positive leading coeff → bounded below. | | ~~`transferKernel_symmetric`~~ | TransferMatrix | **Proved** — `(a-b)² = (b-a)²` + `ring`. | | ~~`timeCoupling_eq_zero_iff`~~ | TransferMatrix | **Proved** — sum of nonneg squares = 0 iff each is 0. | | ~~`latticeInteraction_continuous`~~ | LatticeAction | **Proved** — via `wickMonomial_continuous` + finite sums. | | ~~`continuumMeasure_isProbability`~~ | Embedding | **Proved** — pushforward of probability measure is probability measure. | | ~~`connectedTwoPoint_symm`~~ | OS4_MassGap | **Proved** — symmetry of the connected 2-point function. | ### Require nontrivial proofs | Sorry | File | Notes | |-------|------|-------| | ~~`generatingFunctionalℂ` body~~ | OSAxioms | **Proved** — complex generating functional defined. | | ~~`interactionFunctional_measurable`~~ | LatticeMeasure | **Proved** — measurability of V_a. | | ~~`boltzmannWeight_integrable`~~ | LatticeMeasure | **Proved** — exp(-V_a) integrable w.r.t. Gaussian. | | ~~`partitionFunction_pos`~~ | LatticeMeasure | **Proved** — Z_a > 0. | | ~~`interactingLatticeMeasure_isProbability`~~ | LatticeMeasure | **Proved** — μ_a is a probability measure. | | ~~`boundedFunctions_integrable`~~ | Normalization | **Proved** — bounded functions integrable w.r.t. probability measure. | | ~~`field_second_moment_finite`~~ | Normalization | **Proved** — ∫|ω(δ_x)|² dμ_a < ∞. Boltzmann weight bounded above + Gaussian L². | | ~~`fkg_interacting`~~ | Normalization | **Proved** — FKG for interacting measure. From `fkg_perturbed` + single-site + algebra. | | ~~`generating_functional_bounded`~~ | Normalization | **Proved** — \|Z[f]\| ≤ 1 for real f. From \|exp(it)\| = 1. | | ~~`wickConstant_le_inv_mass_sq`~~ | Counterterm | **Proved** (in gaussian-field) — c_a ≤ 1/m². | | ~~`wickConstant_antitone_mass`~~ | Counterterm | **Proved** (in gaussian-field) — c_a decreasing in mass. | | ~~`energyLevel_gap`~~ | Positivity | **Proved** — E₁ > E₀ from transfer eigenvalue gap. | | ~~`rp_closed_under_weak_limit`~~ | OS3_RP_Inheritance | **Proved** — RP closed under weak limits. | | ~~`reflection_positivity_lattice`~~ | OS3_RP_Lattice | **Converted** to `lattice_rp` axiom. | | ~~`continuumLimit`~~ | Convergence | **Proved** — Apply configuration-space sequential Prokhorov axiom to the tight family (`prokhorov_configuration_sequential` + `continuumMeasures_tight`). | | ~~`continuumTimeReflection`~~ | TimeReflection | **Proved** — defined via `compCLMOfContinuousLinearEquiv`. | | ~~`so2Generator`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | **Proved** — SO(2) generator J f = x₁·∂f/∂x₂ - x₂·∂f/∂x₁ via `smulLeftCLM` + `lineDerivOpCLM`. | | ~~`pphi2_exists`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | **Proved** — Main existence theorem. Uses `continuumLimit_satisfies_fullOS`. | --- ## Priority ordering for filling axioms ### Tier 1: Infrastructure (unlocks further work) 1. ~~**`prokhorov_sequential`**~~ — **Proved.** Now a theorem with complete proof. 2. **`transferEigenvalue` + spectral axioms** — L2Operator.lean created with L² type, operator axioms, and proved spectral decomposition. Eigenvalue axioms remain (sorting + Perron-Frobenius). 3. ~~**`latticeEmbed` / `latticeEmbedLift`**~~ — ✅ All proved. `latticeEmbed` via `mkCLMtoNormedSpace`, `latticeEmbedLift` via composition with `Pi.single`. 4. ~~**`euclideanAction2` / `compTimeReflection2` / `SchwartzMap.translate`**~~ — ✅ All proved using `SchwartzMap.compCLMOfContinuousLinearEquiv` and `SchwartzMap.compCLMOfAntilipschitz`. ### Tier 2: Core analytic results (the hard axioms) 5. **Hypercontractivity** — `wickMonomial_latticeGaussian`, `wickConstant_eq_variance`, and `gaussian_hermite_zero_mean` are now **theorems**. The remaining work in this area is downstream analytic strengthening, not the Wick/GFF variance bridge. `wickConstant_eq_variance` is now proved generically via `GeneralResults/LatticeProductDFT.lean`. `wickPolynomial_uniform_bounded_below` proved. `exponential_moment_bound` proved from bounded-below + probability measure. `interactionFunctional_mean_nonpos` proved from `wickMonomial_latticeGaussian` + linearity + `P.coeff_zero_nonpos`. `partitionFunction_ge_one` / `interacting_moment_bound` as before. 6. **`second_moment_uniform` + `continuumMeasures_tight`** — Tightness argument. Depends on Nelson. 7. **`spectral_gap_uniform`** — Uniform mass gap. Kato-Rellich perturbation theory. 8. **`ward_identity_lattice` + `anomaly_vanishes`** — Ward identity + power counting for rotation invariance. ### Tier 3: Medium-difficulty proofs 9. ~~Transfer matrix properties (self-adjoint, positive definite, Hilbert-Schmidt, trace class)~~ — Replaced by L2Operator axioms (CLM, self-adjoint, compact) 10. Reflection positivity on the lattice (action decomposition → perfect square) 11. Clustering from spectral gap (standard spectral decomposition) 12. OS axiom inheritance (mostly soft analysis: limits preserve bounds) 13. ~~Bridge from `SatisfiesAllOS` to `SatisfiesFullOS`~~ — **Eliminated.** `SatisfiesAllOS` removed; `continuumLimit_satisfies_fullOS` returns `SatisfiesFullOS` directly. Sorries now in inheritance layer. ### Tier 4: Easy / straightforward 14. `os1_inheritance` — |cos| ≤ 1 15. Remaining measurability and integrability lemmas --- ## Proved theorems (non-trivial) The following theorems have complete proofs (no sorry): | Theorem | File | Description | |---------|------|-------------| | `latticeInteraction_bounded_below` | LatticeAction | V_a ≥ -B from Wick polynomial bounds | | `latticeEmbedEval_linear_phi` | Embedding | Bilinearity in φ | | `latticeEmbedEval_linear_f` | Embedding | Bilinearity in f | | `timeCoupling_nonneg` | TransferMatrix | Time coupling ≥ 0 | | `transferKernel_pos` | TransferMatrix | Transfer kernel > 0 (from exp_pos) | | `massGap_pos` | Positivity | Mass gap > 0 (from eigenvalue gap) | | `spectral_gap_pos` | SpectralGap | Spectral gap > 0 (from mass gap) | | `clustering_uniform` | OS4_MassGap | Uniform clustering (from uniform spectral gap) | | `os4_lattice_from_gap` | OS4_Ergodicity | OS4 from mass gap (assembly) | | `timeReflection2D_involution` | OS3_RP_Lattice | Time reflection is an involution | | `timeReflection2_involution` | OSAxioms | Θ² = id for continuum time reflection | | `positiveTimeSubmodule2` | OSAxioms | Submodule proof for positive-time test functions | | `wickMonomial_continuous` | LatticeAction | Wick monomials are continuous in their argument | | `latticeInteraction_continuous` | LatticeAction | Lattice interaction is continuous (finite sums of continuous functions) | | `transferKernel_symmetric` | TransferMatrix | T(ψ,ψ') = T(ψ',ψ) by (a-b)² = (b-a)² | | `timeCoupling_eq_zero_iff` | TransferMatrix | K(ψ,ψ') = 0 ↔ ψ = ψ' (sum of squares) | | `latticeAction_translation_invariant` | OS2_WardIdentity | V_a[T_v φ] = V_a[φ] via Equiv.subRight | | `os2_inheritance` | OS2_WardIdentity | E(2) invariance (from translation + rotation) | | `continuumLimit_satisfies_fullOS` | OS2_WardIdentity | All OS axioms (assembly into SatisfiesFullOS) | | `interactionFunctional_measurable` | LatticeMeasure | Measurability of V_a as function on Configuration space | | `boltzmannWeight_integrable` | LatticeMeasure | exp(-V_a) is integrable w.r.t. Gaussian measure | | `partitionFunction_pos` | LatticeMeasure | Z_a > 0 from exp(-V_a) > 0 and Gaussian full support | | `interactingLatticeMeasure_isProbability` | LatticeMeasure | μ_a is a probability measure | | `latticeInteraction_single_site` | LatticeAction | V_a decomposes as sum of single-site functions (replaced false convexity axiom) | | `bounded_integrable_interacting` | Normalization | Bounded functions integrable w.r.t. interacting measure | | `generating_functional_bounded` | Normalization | \|Z[f]\| ≤ 1 for real f | | `rp_closed_under_weak_limit` | OS3_RP_Inheritance | RP closed under weak limits | | `continuumMeasure_isProbability` | Embedding | Pushforward of probability measure is probability measure | | `connectedTwoPoint_symm` | OS4_MassGap | Symmetry of connected 2-point function | | `energyLevel_gap` | Positivity | E₁ > E₀ from spectral-data ground/excited separation | | `prokhorov_configuration_sequential` | Convergence | Sequential extraction on configuration space (axiom) | | `prokhorov_sequential` | Convergence | Generic Polish-space sequential Prokhorov theorem (proved) | | `wickPolynomial_bounded_below` | WickPolynomial | Wick polynomial bounded below — from leading term domination via `poly_even_degree_bounded_below` | | `poly_even_degree_bounded_below` | WickPolynomial | Even-degree polynomial with positive leading coeff is bounded below — `eval_eq_sum_range` + coefficient bound + `Continuous.exists_forall_le` | | `pphi2_generating_functional_real` | CharacteristicFunctional | Im(Z[f])=0 via conj(Z[f])=Z[f] from Z₂ symmetry | | `generatingFunctional_translate_continuous` | CharacteristicFunctional | t ↦ Z[f + τ_{(t,0)} g] continuous via DCT + `continuous_timeTranslationSchwartz` | | `InteractionPolynomial.eval_neg` | Polynomial | P(-τ) = P(τ) from even polynomial symmetry | | `field_second_moment_finite` | Normalization | ∫\|ω(δ_x)\|² dμ_a < ∞ — `integrable_withDensity_iff` + `pairing_product_integrable` + domination by exp(B)·f² | | `field_all_moments_finite` | Normalization | ∫\|ω(δ_x)\|^p dμ_a < ∞ for all p — `pairing_is_gaussian` + `integrable_pow_of_mem_interior_integrableExpSet` | | `euclideanAction2` | OSAxioms | E(2) pullback on Schwartz functions — `compCLMOfAntilipschitz` with inverse Euclidean action | | `euclideanAction2ℂ` | OSAxioms | Same for complex Schwartz functions | | `compTimeReflection2` | OSAxioms | Time reflection on Schwartz space — `compCLMOfContinuousLinearEquiv` with time reflection CLE | | `SchwartzMap.translate` | OSAxioms | Translation on Schwartz space — `compCLMOfAntilipschitz` with translation | | `so2Generator` | OS2_WardIdentity | SO(2) generator J f = x₁·∂f/∂x₂ - x₂·∂f/∂x₁ — `smulLeftCLM` + `lineDerivOpCLM` | | `continuumLimit` | Convergence | Continuum limit via configuration extraction axiom — `prokhorov_configuration_sequential` + `continuumMeasures_tight` | | `latticeEmbed` | Embedding | Lattice→S'(ℝ^d) embedding — `SchwartzMap.mkCLMtoNormedSpace` with `|ι(φ)(f)| ≤ (a^d·Σ|φ(x)|)·seminorm(0,0)(f)` | | `latticeEmbed_eval` | Embedding | Evaluation formula — `rfl` from construction | | `transferOperator_spectral` | L2Operator | Spectral decomposition — `compact_selfAdjoint_spectral` from gaussian-field | | `latticeEmbed_measurable` | Embedding | `configuration_measurable_of_eval_measurable` + `continuous_apply` for each coordinate | | `norm_generatingFunctional_le_one` | CharacteristicFunctional | ‖Z[f]‖ ≤ 1 via norm_integral + ‖exp(ix)‖ = 1 + measure_univ = 1 | | `os4_clustering_implies_ergodicity` | CharacteristicFunctional | Clustering → Ergodicity via reality of Z[f], Cesàro convergence, and characteristic function bound | | `transferWeight_measurable` | L2Operator | Transfer weight w(ψ) = exp(-(a/2)·h(ψ)) is measurable — continuity chain via `wickMonomial_continuous` | | `transferWeight_bound` | L2Operator | Transfer weight is essentially bounded — from `wickPolynomial_bounded_below` + exponentiation | | `transferGaussian_memLp` | L2Operator | Gaussian kernel ∈ L¹ — product factorization + `integrable_exp_neg_mul_sq` | | `transferGaussian_norm_le_one` | L2Operator | ‖G(ψ)‖ ≤ 1 — `exp_le_one_iff` + `timeCoupling_nonneg` | | `transferWeight_memLp_two` | L2Operator | Transfer weight ∈ L² — Gaussian decay bound + product factorization | | ~~`transferOperator_isCompact`~~ | L2Operator | **PROVED** — from `hilbert_schmidt_isCompact` (proved) + w ∈ L² + ‖G‖ ≤ 1 | | `mulCLM` | L2Multiplication | Multiplication by bounded function as CLM on L² — Hölder (∞,2,2) | | `convCLM` | L2Convolution | Convolution with L¹ function as CLM on L² — Young's inequality | --- ## Provability assessment (ranked by difficulty) Axioms ranked by feasibility of proving them with current Lean/Mathlib infrastructure. Assessment date: 2026-03-04. ### Tier 1: Recently proved | Axiom | File | Status | |-------|------|--------| | ~~`torusContinuumGreen_continuous_diag`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED.** Via `greenFunctionBilinear_continuous_diag` in gaussian-field. | | ~~`torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound`~~ | TorusPropagatorConvergence | **PROVED.** DM expansion + Fourier basis bounds. | | ~~`torusGaussianMeasure_z2_symmetric`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED.** Gaussian uniqueness via same covariance. | | ~~`z2_symmetric_of_weakLimit`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED.** `ext_of_forall_integral_eq_of_IsFiniteMeasure` + uniqueness of limits. | | ~~`torusGaussianMeasure_isGaussian`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED.** Lattice GFF pushforward is Gaussian via `pairing_is_gaussian`. | | ~~`torusGaussianLimit_isGaussian`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED.** MGF matching → complexMGF extension → measure equality + `weakLimit_centered_gaussianReal`. | | ~~`torusGaussianLimit_complex_cf_quadratic`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED.** Via `torusGeneratingFunctionalℂ_analyticOnNhd` + identity theorem. | | ~~`torusContinuumGreen_translation_invariant`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED.** Via `greenFunctionBilinear_translation_invariant` in gaussian-field. | | ~~`torusContinuumGreen_pointGroup_invariant`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED.** Via `greenFunctionBilinear_swap_invariant` + `_timeReflection_invariant`. | | ~~`schwinger2_convergence`~~ | Convergence | **PROVED.** From `schwinger_n_convergence`. | | ~~`pphi2_nonGaussianity`~~ | Main | **PROVED.** From `continuumLimit_nonGaussian` with `aₙ = 1/(n+1)`. | ### Tier 2: Easy (provable now) | Axiom | File | Strategy | |-------|------|----------| | ~~`weakLimit_centered_gaussianReal`~~ | TorusGaussianLimit | **PROVED.** CharFun decomposition into cos/sin integrals + variance extraction via log + `Measure.ext_of_charFun`. | | ~~`torus_propagator_convergence`~~ | TorusPropagatorConvergence | **PROVED.** Via gaussian-field `lattice_green_tendsto_continuum` axiom. | | ~~`latticeMeasure_translation_invariant`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | **Proved** — density bridge + change of variables. | ### Tier 3: Moderate (nontrivial but standard) | Axiom | File | Strategy | |-------|------|----------| | `torusLimit_covariance_eq` | TorusGaussianLimit | Weak convergence transfers second moments. Uniform integrability from `torusEmbeddedTwoPoint_uniform_bound` + Vitali convergence. | | `gaussian_measure_unique_of_covariance` | TorusGaussianLimit | Gaussian on nuclear space determined by covariance. Bochner-Minlos uniqueness. | | ~~`torusContinuumMeasures_tight`~~ | TorusTightness | **PROVED** from `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` + `torus_second_moment_uniform`. | | `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` | TorusTightness | ✅ Verified (DT 2026-03-11). Mitoma-Chebyshev for nuclear duals. Mitoma (1983) + Chebyshev. Nuclearity essential. | | `torusPositiveTimeSubmodule` | TorusOSAxioms | Submodule of positive-time test functions. Infrastructure axiom. | | ~~`torusGeneratingFunctionalℂ_analyticOnNhd`~~ | TorusOSAxioms | **PROVED.** Analyticity of complex generating functional. Via `analyticOnNhd_integral` + AM-GM Gaussian integrability. | | `torusLattice_rp` | TorusOSAxioms | Matrix-form RP for lattice GFF on torus. Fubini + perfect-square argument. | | `gaussian_rp_with_boundary_weight` | OS3_RP_Lattice | Core Gaussian RP: ∫ G·G∘Θ·w dμ_GFF ≥ 0. Gaussian Markov property. Glimm-Jaffe Ch. 6.1. | | ~~`transferOperator_isCompact`~~ | L2Operator | **PROVED** from `hilbert_schmidt_isCompact` (proved) + `transferWeight_memLp_two` + `transferGaussian_norm_le_one`. | | ~~`hilbert_schmidt_isCompact`~~ | L2Operator | **PROVED** from `integral_operator_l2_kernel_compact` + `tensor_kernel_memLp` + `mul_conv_integral_rep`. | | ~~`integral_operator_l2_kernel_compact`~~ | L2Operator | **PROVED** — general HS theorem for convolution-form L² kernel integral operators. Reed-Simon I, Thm VI.23. | | ~~`translation_invariance_continuum`~~ | OS2_WardIdentity | **Proved** — `tendsto_nhds_unique_of_eventuallyEq` from `cf_tendsto` + `lattice_inv`. | | `analyticOn_generatingFunctionalC` | CharacteristicFunctional | Analyticity of complex generating functional from exponential moments via Morera. | | `continuum_exponential_moment_bound` | AxiomInheritance | Mixed `L¹`/Green exponential-moment input `∫ exp(|ω f|) ≤ exp(c₁∫|f| + c₂ G(f,f))` for OS0 + OS1. | | `os3_inheritance` | AxiomInheritance | RP transfers through weak limits. From `lattice_rp_matrix` + `rp_closed_under_weak_limit` (proved). | | `os0_inheritance` | AxiomInheritance | Uniform moment bounds + pointwise convergence → limit has all moments finite. | | `torus_interacting_tightness` | TorusInteractingLimit | Cauchy-Schwarz density transfer from Gaussian tightness. | ### Tier 4: Hard (deep analytic results) | Axiom | File | Strategy | |-------|------|----------| | ~~`inner_convCLM_pos_of_fourier_pos`~~ | GaussianFourier | ✅ **Proved** from the private theorem `fourier_representation_convolution`. | | ~~`fourierTransform_lp_eq_fourierIntegral`~~ | GaussianFourier | ✅ **Proved** via the tempered-distribution bridge for `Lp.fourierTransformₗᵢ`, classical Fourier Fubini, and a.e. equality from compactly supported smooth tests. | | `latticeGreenBilinear_basis_tendsto_continuum` | PropagatorConvergence | Spectral lattice Green bilinear on Dynin-Mityagin basis pairs → continuum Fourier Green bilinear on ℝ^d. Extend to all test functions by bilinear continuity. | | `os4_inheritance` | AxiomInheritance | Exponential clustering survives weak limits. Uniform spectral gap + weak convergence. | | `rotation_cf_defect_polylog_bound` | OS2_WardIdentity | Minimal remaining OS2 axiom: polynomial-log `a²` bound for the canonical CF defect `rotationCFDefect`, uniform in the lattice size `N`. | | `continuum_exponential_moment_bound` | AxiomInheritance | Project-level continuum exponential-moment bridge `∫ exp(|ω f|) ≤ exp(c₁∫|f| + c₂ G(f,f))`; source for derived OS0/OS1 estimates. | | ~~`wickMonomial_latticeGaussian`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Theorem** (see `Hypercontractivity.lean`). | | ~~`wickConstant_eq_variance`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Theorem** (generic proof via `GeneralResults/LatticeProductDFT.lean`; 2D corollary retained in `Hypercontractivity.lean`). | | ~~`gaussian_hermite_zero_mean`~~ | Hypercontractivity | **Theorem** (see `GaussianHermiteMean.lean`). | | ~~`wickPolynomial_uniform_bounded_below`~~ | WickPolynomial | ✅ **Proved** via coefficient continuity + compactness + leading term dominance. | | `canonical_continuumMeasure_cf_tendsto` | AxiomInheritance | Coupled canonical `continuumMeasure` approximants converge CF-wise to `μ`; bridge needed to apply the Ward anomaly bound to an abstract `IsPphi2Limit`. | | `continuum_exponential_clustering` | AxiomInheritance | Spectral gap → exponential clustering in continuum. | ### Tier 5: Very hard / infrastructure gaps | Axiom | File | Strategy | |-------|------|----------| | `spectral_gap_uniform` | SpectralGap | Uniform mass gap. Central result of Glimm-Jaffe. | | `spectral_gap_lower_bound` | SpectralGap | Quantitative mass gap bound. | | `prokhorov_configuration_sequential` | Convergence | Sequential extraction on S'(ℝ²). Blocked by Mathlib nuclear space gap. (Not needed for torus path.) | | `continuumLimit_nonGaussian` | Convergence | Nonzero 4th cumulant via perturbation theory. | | `continuumLimit_nontrivial` | Convergence | Two-point function > 0. Correlation inequalities (Griffiths, FKG). | | `schwinger_n_convergence` | Convergence | n-point Schwinger functions converge. Diagonal subsequence extraction. | | `pphi2_nontriviality` | Main | ∫ (ω f)² dμ > 0 for all f ≠ 0. Correlation inequalities. | | `schwinger_agreement` | Bridge | Cluster expansion uniqueness (Guerra-Rosen-Simon). | | `same_continuum_measure` | Bridge | pphi2 and Phi4 agree at weak coupling. | | `os2_from_phi4` | Bridge | OS2 for Phi4 continuum limit. | | ~~`measure_determined_by_schwinger`~~ | Bridge | **Discharged** to a theorem (see `MeasureUniqueness.measure_eq_of_moments`). | | `two_point_clustering_from_spectral_gap` | OS4_MassGap | 2-point clustering from mass gap with cyclic torus time separation. | | `general_clustering_from_spectral_gap` | OS4_MassGap | Bounded observables; `G` on `latticeConfigEuclideanTimeShift`, decay measured in `latticeEuclideanTimeSeparation`. | | `second_moment_uniform` | Tightness | Uniform second moments for interacting measure. | | `moment_equicontinuity` | Tightness | Equicontinuity of moments in f. | | ~~`continuumMeasures_tight`~~ | Tightness | **PROVED** via `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments` + `continuum_second_moment_uniform` (ported from torus tightness pipeline). | | ~~`gaussianContinuumMeasures_tight`~~ | GaussianTightness | **PROVED for `d > 0`** — Tightness via `configuration_tight_of_uniform_second_moments`; the remaining `d = 0` case is a separate Dynin-Mityagin / Schwartz-space infrastructure issue. | | `gaussianLimit_isGaussian` | GaussianLimit | Weak limits of Gaussians are Gaussian (S'(ℝ²) version). | ### Recommended attack order 1. **Easy wins**: `weakLimit_centered_gaussianReal`, `torus_propagator_convergence`, `latticeMeasure_translation_invariant` 2. **Torus infrastructure**: `torusLimit_covariance_eq`, `gaussian_measure_unique_of_covariance`, `torusContinuumMeasures_tight`, `torusLattice_rp` 3. **Transfer matrix**: `fourierTransform_lp_eq_fourierIntegral`, `integral_operator_l2_kernel_compact`, and `hilbert_schmidt_isCompact` are proved 4. **OS inheritance**: `gaussian_rp_with_boundary_weight`, `os3_inheritance`, `os0_inheritance` — fills the RP chain 5. **Hard analysis**: spectral gap, clustering, exponential moments — the deep results --- ## Upstream: gaussian-field The pinned Lake `GaussianField` dependency has **6 axioms, 1 sorry**: - `GeneralResults/PolynomialDensityGaussian.lean`: 1 axiom - `SchwartzNuclear/HermiteGalerkin.lean`: 2 axioms, 1 sorry - `Cylinder/GreenFunction.lean`: 1 axiom - `Cylinder/MethodOfImages.lean`: 1 axiom - `SchwartzFourier/ResolventUniformBound.lean`: 1 axiom