The Space Life Sciences Ontology is an application ontology and is intended to support the operation of NASA's Life Sciences Data Archive and other systems that contain space life science research data.
Used to annotation axioms that define identity criteria for instances of a class.
is_identity_criteria
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
example of usage
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
term editor
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
alternative label
A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related).
definition source
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
term tracker item
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
ontology term requester
The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition.
The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term.
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
Defines the label for the property as shown in NASA Life Sciences Portal
Defines the label for the property in ARC SLIMS database
Defines the field label propery in NASA Life Sciences Portal
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource.
Contributor
Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The extent or scope of the content of the resource.
Coverage
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource.
Creator
Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format.
A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource.
Date
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content.
An account of the content of the resource.
Description
Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats).
The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.
Format
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN).
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Resource Identifier
Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom.
A language of the intellectual content of the resource.
Language
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Publisher
Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system.
A reference to a related resource.
Relation
Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Rights Management
The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system.
A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived.
Source
Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme.
The topic of the content of the resource.
Subject and Keywords
Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known.
A name given to the resource.
Title
Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the content of the resource.
Resource Type
A summary of the content of the resource.
Abstract
Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security or other regulations.
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
Access Rights
This qualifier can include Title abbreviations as well as translations.
Any form of the title used as a substitute or alternative to the formal title of the resource.
Alternative
A class of entity may be determined by the creator or the publisher or by a third party.
A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful.
Audience
Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available.
Available
Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible, whether or not the citation is in a standard form.
A bibliographic reference for the resource.
Bibliographic Citation
A reference to an established standard to which the resource conforms.
Conforms To
Date of creation of the resource.
Created
Date of acceptance of the resource (e.g. of thesis by university department, of article by journal, etc.).
Date Accepted
Date of a statement of copyright.
Date Copyrighted
Date of submission of the resource (e.g. thesis, articles, etc.).
Date Submitted
A general statement describing the education or training context. Alternatively, a more specific statement of the location of the audience in terms of its progression through an education or training context.
Audience Education Level
The size or duration of the resource.
Extent
The described resource pre-existed the referenced resource, which is essentially the same intellectual content presented in another format.
Has Format
The described resource includes the referenced resource either physically or logically.
Has Part
The described resource has a version, edition, or adaptation, namely, the referenced resource.
Has Version
The described resource is the same intellectual content of the referenced resource, but presented in another format.
Is Format Of
The described resource is a physical or logical part of the referenced resource.
Is Part Of
The described resource is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the referenced resource.
Is Referenced By
The described resource is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the referenced resource.
Is Replaced By
The described resource is required by the referenced resource, either physically or logically.
Is Required By
The described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation of the referenced resource. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format.
Is Version Of
Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.
Issued
The audiences for a resource are of two basic classes: (1) an ultimate beneficiary of the resource, and (2) frequently, an entity that mediates access to the resource. The mediator element refinement represents the second of these two classes.
A class of entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful.
Mediator
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Medium
Date on which the resource was changed.
Modified
The described resource references, cites, or otherwise points to the referenced resource.
References
The described resource supplants, displaces, or supersedes the referenced resource.
Replaces
The described resource requires the referenced resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence of content.
Requires
Spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resoure.
Spatial
A list of subunits of the content of the resource.
Table Of Contents
Temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource.
Temporal
Date (often a range) of validity of a resource.
Valid
An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has exact synonym
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
has realization
b has realization c =Def c realizes b
As for realizes
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
(Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
participates in
(Elucidation) participates in holds between some b that is either a specifically dependent continuant or generically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region & some process p such that b participates in p some way
Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions>
has participant
p has participant c =Def c participates in p
is concretized by
c is concretized by b =Def b concretizes c
concretizes
b concretizes c =Def b is a process or a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & there is some time t such that c is the pattern or content which b shares at t with actual or potential copies
preceded by
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match
precedes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
(Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.
Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t.
Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents.
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank
site of
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
generically depends on
g-depends on
b generically depends on c =Def b is a generically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & at some time t there inheres in c a specifically dependent continuant which concretizes b at t
is carrier of
b is carrier of c =Def there is some time t such that c generically depends on b at t
exists at
(Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000
has member part
b has member part c =Def c member part of b
has occurrent part
b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday
has temporal part
b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
Your life has temporal part the first year of your life
location of
b location of c =Def c located in b
material basis of
b material basis of c =Def c has material basis b
member part of
b member part of c =Def b is an object & c is a material entity & there is some time t such that b continuant part of c at t & there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, ..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n)
occurrent part of
(Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match
temporal part of
b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game
temporally projects onto
(Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle
located in
b located in c =Def b is an independent continuant & c is an independent & neither is a spatial region & there is some time t such that the spatial region which b occupies at t is continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t
continuant part of
b continuant part of c =Def b and c are continuants & there is some time t such that b and c exist at t & b continuant part of c at t
Milk teeth continuant part of human; surgically removed tumour continuant part of organism
has continuant part
b has continuant part c =Def c continuant part of b
environs
b environs c =Def c occurs in b
Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic
history of
(Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
This life is the history of this organism
has history
b has history c =Def c history of b
This organism has history this life
specifically depended on by
s-depended on by
b specifically depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b
Coloured object specifically depended on by colour
specifically depends on
s-depends on
(Elucidation) specifically depends on is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c such that b and c share no parts in common & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c
A shape specifically depends on the shaped object; hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample specifically depends on each other
The analogue of specifically depends on for occurrents is has participant.
bearer of
b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b
A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality
inheres in
b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c
A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity
occupies temporal region
p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945
occupies spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory
occupies spatial region
b occupies spatial region r =Def b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & r is a spatial region & there is some time t such that every continuant part of b occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of b occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t
spatially projects onto
(Elucidation) spatially projects onto is a relation between some spatiotemporal region b and spatial region c such that at some time t, c is the spatial extent of b at t
has material basis
b has material basis c =Def b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & there is some time t such that c is a continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c is a continuant part of d at t
first instant of
t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday
has first instant
t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31
last instant of
t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday
has last instant
t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31
A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water.
x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x
Definition modified from 'surrounded by'.
A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity.
derives from part of
A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities.
This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen.
Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest.
A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p.
A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process.
A relation between a material information bearer or material genetic sequence bearer and generically dependent continuant that carries information or sequence content that the bearer encodes
Shortcut relation expanding to bearer_of some (concretizes some . . . ), linking a material information bearer or sequence macromolecule to some ICE or GDC sequence.
A relationship that holds between a biological entity and some level of genetic variation present in its genome.
This relation aims to be equally as broad/inclusive as RO:0002200 ! has_phenotype.
The biological entity can be an organism, a group of organism that share common genotype, or organism-derived entities such as cell lines or biospecimens. The genotype can be any of the various flavors of genotypes/allelotypes defined in GENO (intrinsic genotype, extrinsic genotype, effective genotype), or any genetic variation component of a genotype including variant alleles or sequence alterations.
A relationship between an entity that carries a sequence (e.g. a sequence feature or collection), and the sequence it bears.
'Sequence' in the context of GENO is an abstract entity representing an ordered collection of monomeric units as carried in a biological macromolecule.
A relation used to describe a context or conditions that define and/or identify an entity.
Used in Monarch Data to link associations to qualifying contexts (e.g. environments or developmental stages) where the association applies. For example, a qualifying environment represents a context where genotype-phenotype associations apply - where the environment is an identity criteria for the association. Used in GENO to describe physical context of materialized sequence features that represent identifying criteria for instances of qualified sequence features.
A relation linking a qualified sequence feature to its component sequence feature.
In GENO we define three levels of sequence artifacts: (1) biological sequences, (2) sequence features, and (3) qualified sequence features. The identify criteria for a 'biological sequence' include only its inherent sequence (the ordered string of units that comprise it). The identity criteria for a 'sequence feature' include its sequence and position (where it resides - i.e. its location based on how it maps to a reference or standard) The identity criteria for a 'qualified sequence feature' include its component sequence feature (defined by its sequence and position), and the material context of its bearer in a cell or organism. This context can include direct epigenetic modification, or being targeted by gene knockdown reagents such as morpholinos or RNAi, or being transiently overexpressed from a transgenic construct in a cell or organism.
has_sequence_feature
A relation linking a sequence feature to the location it occupies on some reference sequence.
has_location
has measurement unit label
is about
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
Denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
Consdier if this is the best relation for linking genotypes to the genomic entities they specify. We could use the more generic 'is about', or define a new 'specifies' relation that holds between ICEs and something it specifies the nature or creation of.
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
denotes
inverse of the relation 'denotes'
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Mike Conlon
denoted by
This is a primitive relation. This relation is the foundation to the owners right to have the owned entity at his/her full disposal.
Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204.
owns
a is owned by b if b has complete power over a. All rights and obligations of ownership are grounded in this (primitive) relation. The claims and obligations of ownership can be partially transferred to a third party by the owner, b.
is owned by
The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA.
The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process
has_specified_input
see is_input_of example_of_usage
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
The inverse property of is specified input of
The inverse property of is_specified_input_of
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
has specified input
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
Alan Ruttenberg
is specified input of
is_specified_input_of
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
The inverse property of is specified output of
The inverse property of is_specified_output_of
has specified output
is_specified_output_of
is specified output of
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
BFO relation takes precedence.
We anticipate BFO 2.0 including and defining this relation. When it does, we will obsolete this property and declare it equivalent to the BFO 2.0 relation.
true
this fragility inheres in this vase
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
inheres_in
Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
characteristic of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
Inverse of characteristic_of
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
has characteristic
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
role of
has function
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
has role
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
disposition of
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations.
derives from
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives_into
derives into
is location of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
location_of
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
located_in
This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation.
X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000
A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane.
bounding layer of
A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'.
has negative regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'.
has positive regulatory component activity
A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B.
w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations.
Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range.
during which ends
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)
ends after
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y).
ends during
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
overlaps
x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed.
life cycle stage of
in taxon
A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom.
Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity.
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit.
has component
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
develops from
develops into
Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y.
directly develops from
directly develops into
p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q.
Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
regulates
p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
negatively regulates (process to process)
negatively regulates
p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
positively regulates (process to process)
positively regulates
capable of
mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
capable of part of
x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x
surrounded by
A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.
The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.
The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used.
x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
This relation acts as a join point with BSPO
adjacent to
surrounds
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporal relation
temporally related to
x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y
develops from part of
x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing
develops in
ends
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
ends with
x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y
has end location
p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
has output
Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong]
x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y
has developmental contribution from
inverse of has developmental contribution from
developmentally contributes to
Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p
In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one
This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from
developmentally preceded by
A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision.
c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway.
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
developmentally succeeded by
'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue
part of developmental precursor of
p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss).
This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint.
results in developmental progression of
an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists.
every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062)
results in formation of anatomical entity
Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview
x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs.
A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y.
has habitat
p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q.
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y
p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q.
q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of
characteristic of part of
A relationship that holds via some environmental process
evolutionarily related to
A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297)
Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions
ecologically related to
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
mereotopologically related to
A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development
developmentally related to
a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p.
This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.
enables
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
functionally related to
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
part of structure that is capable of
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
involved in
enabled by
regulated by
negatively regulated by
positively regulated by
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member of
has member
Example 1: a collection of sequences such as a genome being comprised of separate sequences of chromosomes Example 2: a collection of information entities such as a genotype being comprised of a background component and a variant component
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
input of
output of
formed as result of
x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location
This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios
spatially coextensive with
x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).
has developmental potential involving
x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
has potential to developmentally contribute to
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
This relation has a stronger meaning than merely indicating that X may develop into Y, in that the capability of developing into Y is always present, even if X does not always actually develop into Y. In particular, this means that if Y is restricted to a given taxon T, X is necessarily likewise restricted.
has potential to develop into
x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y
has potential to directly develop into
causally downstream of
immediately causally downstream of
p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q.
indirectly positively regulates
p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q.
indirectly negatively regulates
relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causally related to
p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q.
causally upstream of
p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q.
immediately causally upstream of
p provides input for q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and there exists some c such that p has_output c and q has_input c.
directly provides input for (process to process)
provides input for
transitive form of directly_provides_input_for
This is a grouping relation that should probably not be used in annotation. Consider instead the child relation 'provides input for'.
transitively provides input for (process to process)
transitively provides input for
p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q.
We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
inverse of causally upstream of or within
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union
involved in or involved in regulation of
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y.
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly negatively regulates activity of
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly positively regulates activity of
This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning.
helper property (not for use in curation)
'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate'
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships
x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q.
The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w.
molecular interaction relation helper property
The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).
p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
causal relation between material entity and a process
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q.
directly positively regulates (process to process)
p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q.
directly negatively regulates (process to process)
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.
produces
a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
produced by
A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M.
Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.
acts upstream of or within, positive effect
acts upstream of or within, negative effect
c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
causally upstream of or within, negative effect
causally upstream of or within, positive effect
A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions.
An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut)
Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph.
r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r.
realized in response to
Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA.
The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel.
The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board.
The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score.
This pdf file generically depends on this server.
A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*.
Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information.
This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy.
This hard drive is carrier of these data items.
*b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t*
The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B.
p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q.
indirectly causally upstream of
p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
indirectly regulates
A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen.
X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y.
A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input.
See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497
device utilizes material
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C.
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C.
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C.
This property only applies to anatomical entities.
Operated by is the role of a a device in that an agent uses or controls.
Operates is the role of a person which controls or uses a device in an agent role.
This object property has been mapped
address
This object property has been deprecated
agent
email
geo
Used to support property parameters for the additional name data property
has additional name
To specify the components of the delivery address for the object
has address
To specify the busy time associated with the object. (Was called FBURL in RFC6350)
has calendar busy
To specify the calendar associated with the object. (Was called CALURI in RFC6350)
has calendar link
To specify the calendar user address to which a scheduling request be sent for the object. (Was called CALADRURI in RFC6350)
has calendar request
Used to support property parameters for the category data property
has category
Used to support property parameters for the country name data property
has country name
To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object
has email
Used to support property parameters for the formatted name data property
has formatted name
Used to support property parameters for the family name data property
has family name
To specify the sex or gender identity of the object. URIs are recommended to enable interoperable sex and gender codes to be used.
has gender
To specify information related to the global positioning of the object. May also be used as a property parameter.
has geo
Used to support property parameters for the given name data property
has given name
Used to support property parameters for the honorific prefix data property
has honorific prefix
Used to support property parameters for the honorific suffix data property
has honorific suffix
To specify the instant messaging and presence protocol communications with the object. (Was called IMPP in RFC6350)
has messaging
To specify a public key or authentication certificate associated with the object
has key
Used to support property parameters for the language data property
has language
Used to support property parameters for the locality data property
has locality
To specify a graphic image of a logo associated with the object
has logo
To include a member in the group this object represents. (This property can only be used by Group individuals)
To specify the components of the name of the object
has name
Used to support property parameters for the nickname data property
has nickname
Used to support property parameters for the note data property
has note
Used to support property parameters for the organization name data property
has organization name
Used to support property parameters for the organization unit name data property
has organization unit name
To specify an image or photograph information that annotates some aspect of the object
has photo
Used to support property parameters for the postal code data property
has postal code
Used to support property parameters for the region data property
has region
To specify a relationship between another entity and the entity represented by this object
has related
Used to support property parameters for the role data property
To specify a digital sound content information that annotates some aspect of the object
has sound
To identify the source of directory information of the object
has source
Used to support property parameters for the street address data property
has street address
To specify the telephone number for telephony communication with the object
has telephone
Used to support property parameters for the title data property
has title
To specify a value that represents a globally unique identifier corresponding to the object
has uid
To specify a uniform resource locator associated with the object
has url
Used to indicate the resource value of an object property that requires property parameters
has value
key
logo
name
This object property has been mapped. Use the organization-name data property.
organization
photo
sound
telephone
url
The time needed to accelerate the vehicle from a given start velocity to a given target velocity. Typical unit code(s): SEC for seconds Note: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for seconds/0..100 km/h or seconds/0..60 mph. Simply use "SEC" for seconds and indicate the velocities in the name of the QuantitativeValue, or use valueReference with a QuantitativeValue of 0..60 mph or 0..100 km/h to specify the reference speeds.
accelerationTime
The ACRISS Car Classification Code is a code used by many car rental companies, for classifying vehicles. ACRISS stands for Association of Car Rental Industry Systems and Standards.
acrissCode
Length of time to engage in the activity.
activityDuration
How often one should engage in the activity.
activityFrequency
Any additional component of the exercise prescription that may need to be articulated to the patient. This may include the order of exercises, the number of repetitions of movement, quantitative distance, progressions over time, etc.
additionalVariable
A route by which this drug may be administered, e.g. 'oral'.
administrationRoute
Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of alcohol while taking this drug.
alcoholWarning
The algorithm or rules to follow to compute the score.
algorithm
An available dosage strength for the drug.
availableStrength
Indicates the design and body style of the vehicle (e.g. station wagon, hatchback, etc.).
bodyType
Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use by breastfeeding mothers.
breastfeedingWarning
The available volume for cargo or luggage. For automobiles, this is usually the trunk volume. Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, FTQ for cubic foot/feet Note: You can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
cargoVolume
A data catalog which contains this dataset.
catalog
The name of a character played in some acting or performing role, i.e. in a PerformanceRole.
characterName
Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD).
clincalPharmacology
clinicalPharmacology
An item within a data feed. Data feeds may have many elements.
dataFeedElement
A dataset contained in this catalog.
dataset
The range of temporal applicability of a dataset, e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 (in ISO 8601 time interval format).
datasetTimeInterval
The date of the first registration of the vehicle with the respective public authorities.
dateVehicleFirstRegistered
A downloadable form of this dataset, at a specific location, in a specific format. This property can be repeated if different variations are available. There is no expectation that different downloadable distributions must contain exactly equivalent information (see also DCAT on this point). Different distributions might include or exclude different subsets of the entire dataset, for example.
distribution
A dosage form in which this drug/supplement is available, e.g. 'tablet', 'suspension', 'injection'.
dosageForm
The drive wheel configuration, i.e. which roadwheels will receive torque from the vehicle's engine via the drivetrain.
driveWheelConfiguration
The class of drug this belongs to (e.g., statins).
drugClass
The CO2 emissions in g/km. When used in combination with a QuantitativeValue, put "g/km" into the unitText property of that value, since there is no UN/CEFACT Common Code for "g/km".
emissionsCO2
Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of specific foods while taking this drug.
foodWarning
The capacity of the fuel tank or in the case of electric cars, the battery. If there are multiple components for storage, this should indicate the total of all storage of the same type. Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, GLL of US gallons, GLI for UK / imperial gallons, AMH for ampere-hours (for electrical vehicles).
fuelCapacity
The amount of fuel consumed for traveling a particular distance or temporal duration with the given vehicle (e.g. liters per 100 km). Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for liters per 100 km. Use unitText to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. L/100 km. Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, fuelConsumption (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and fuelEfficiency (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal. Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use valueReference to link the value for the fuel consumption to another value.
fuelConsumption
The distance traveled per unit of fuel used; most commonly miles per gallon (mpg) or kilometers per liter (km/L). Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for miles per gallon or kilometers per liter. Use unitText to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. mpg or km/L. Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, fuelConsumption (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and fuelEfficiency (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal. Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use valueReference to link the value for the fuel economy to another value.
fuelEfficiency
A hospital with which the physician or office is affiliated.
hospitalAffiliation
A data catalog which contains this dataset (this property was previously 'catalog', preferred name is now 'includedInDataCatalog').
includedDataCatalog
includedInDataCatalog
The insurance plans that cover this drug.
includedInHealthInsurancePlan
Quantitative measure gauging the degree of force involved in the exercise, for example, heartbeats per minute. May include the velocity of the movement.
intensity
Another drug that is known to interact with this drug in a way that impacts the effect of this drug or causes a risk to the patient. Note: disease interactions are typically captured as contraindications.
interactingDrug
True if the drug is available in a generic form (regardless of name).
isAvailableGenerically
A textual description of known damages, both repaired and unrepaired.
knownVehicleDamages
Link to the drug's label details.
labelDetails
Indicates the relationship type of a Web link.
linkRelationship
Indicates that the vehicle meets the respective emission standard.
meetsEmissionStandard
The total distance travelled by the particular vehicle since its initial production, as read from its odometer. Typical unit code(s): KMT for kilometers, SMI for statute miles
mileageFromOdometer
The release date of a vehicle model (often used to differentiate versions of the same make and model).
modelDate
A position played, performed or filled by a person or organization, as part of an organization. For example, an athlete in a SportsTeam might play in the position named 'Quarterback'.
namedPosition
The number or type of airbags in the vehicle.
numberOfAirbags
The number of axles. Typical unit code(s): C62
numberOfAxles
The number of doors. Typical unit code(s): C62
numberOfDoors
The total number of forward gears available for the transmission system of the vehicle. Typical unit code(s): C62
numberOfForwardGears
The number of owners of the vehicle, including the current one. Typical unit code(s): C62
numberOfPreviousOwners
A number associated with a role in an organization, for example, the number on an athlete's jersey.
numberedPosition
The vasculature the lymphatic structure originates, or afferents, from.
originatesFrom
Any information related to overdose on a drug, including signs or symptoms, treatments, contact information for emergency response.
overdosage
The permitted weight of passengers and cargo, EXCLUDING the weight of the empty vehicle. Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: Many databases specify the permitted TOTAL weight instead, which is the sum of weight and payload Note 2: You can indicate additional information in the name of the QuantitativeValue node. Note 3: You may also link to a QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using valueReference. Note 4: Note that you can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
payload
Pregnancy category of this drug.
pregnancyCategory
Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use during pregnancy.
pregnancyWarning
Link to prescribing information for the drug.
prescribingInfo
Indicates the status of drug prescription, e.g. local catalogs classifications or whether the drug is available by prescription or over-the-counter, etc.
prescriptionStatus
Strength of the guideline's recommendation (e.g. 'class I').
recommendationStrength
Any other drug related to this one, for example commonly-prescribed alternatives.
relatedDrug
Number of times one should repeat the activity.
repetitions
How often one should break from the activity.
restPeriods
A role played, performed or filled by a person or organization. For example, the team of creators for a comic book might fill the roles named 'inker', 'penciller', and 'letterer'; or an athlete in a SportsTeam might play in the position named 'Quarterback'.
roleName
The permitted total weight of cargo and installations (e.g. a roof rack) on top of the vehicle. Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the name of the QuantitativeValue node. Note 2: You may also link to a QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using valueReference Note 3: Note that you can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
roofLoad
The vasculature the lymphatic structure runs, or efferents, to.
runsTo
The RxCUI drug identifier from RXNORM.
rxcui
The number of persons that can be seated (e.g. in a vehicle), both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law. Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons
seatingCapacity
The speed range of the vehicle. If the vehicle is powered by an engine, the upper limit of the speed range (indicated by maxValue) should be the maximum speed achievable under regular conditions. Typical unit code(s): KMH for km/h, HM for mile per hour (0.447 04 m/s), KNT for knot *Note 1: Use minValue and maxValue to indicate the range. Typically, the minimal value is zero. * Note 2: There are many different ways of measuring the speed range. You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the valueReference property.
speed
The position of the steering wheel or similar device (mostly for cars).
steeringPosition
Specifics about the observational study design (enumerated).
studyDesign
The type of tissue sample required for the test.
tissueSample
The permitted vertical load (TWR) of a trailer attached to the vehicle. Also referred to as Tongue Load Rating (TLR) or Vertical Load Rating (VLR). Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the name of the QuantitativeValue node. Note 2: You may also link to a QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using valueReference. Note 3: Note that you can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
tongueWeight
The permitted weight of a trailer attached to the vehicle. Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound * Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the name of the QuantitativeValue node. * Note 2: You may also link to a QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using valueReference. * Note 3: Note that you can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
trailerWeight
The variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue.
variableMeasured
Originally named variablesMeasured, the variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue.
variablesMeasured
A short text indicating the configuration of the vehicle, e.g. '5dr hatchback ST 2.5 MT 225 hp' or 'limited edition'.
vehicleConfiguration
Information about the engine or engines of the vehicle.
vehicleEngine
The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is a unique serial number used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles.
vehicleIdentificationNumber
The color or color combination of the interior of the vehicle.
vehicleInteriorColor
The type or material of the interior of the vehicle (e.g. synthetic fabric, leather, wood, etc.). While most interior types are characterized by the material used, an interior type can also be based on vehicle usage or target audience.
vehicleInteriorType
vehicleModelDate
The number of passengers that can be seated in the vehicle, both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law. Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons.
vehicleSeatingCapacity
Indicates whether the vehicle has been used for special purposes, like commercial rental, driving school, or as a taxi. The legislation in many countries requires this information to be revealed when offering a car for sale.
vehicleSpecialUsage
The type of component used for transmitting the power from a rotating power source to the wheels or other relevant component(s) ("gearbox" for cars).
vehicleTransmission
Any FDA or other warnings about the drug (text or URL).
warning
The permitted total weight of the loaded vehicle, including passengers and cargo and the weight of the empty vehicle. Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the name of the QuantitativeValue node. Note 2: You may also link to a QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using valueReference. Note 3: Note that you can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
weightTotal
The distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. Typical unit code(s): CMT for centimeters, MTR for meters, INH for inches, FOT for foot/feet
wheelbase
Quantitative measure of the physiologic output of the exercise; also referred to as energy expenditure.
workload
has brother
is successor of
A continuant c2 is a successor of some continuant c1 iff there is some process p1 and c1 is an input to p1 and c2 is an output of p1. Inverse of is predecessor.
has grandfather
has process part
x has_process_part y iff x and y are instances of Process, such that y occurs during the temporal interval of x, and y either provides an input to x or receives an output of x, or both.
has object
If p is a process and c is a continuant, then p has object c if and only if p is performed by an agent and c is part of the projected state that agent intends to achieve by performing p.
has inside instant
For Temporal Interval t1 and Temporal Instant t2, t1 has inside instant t2 if and only if there exists Temporal Instants t3 and t4 that are part of t1 and non-identical with t2, such that t3 is before t2 and t4 is after t2.
J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
has mother
has step sister
has all members located in
x has all members located in y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of independent continuant but not a spatial region, and every member of x is located in y.
is granddaughter of
has son in law
has uncle
is mother of
agent in
x agent_in y iff y is an instance of Process and x is an instance of Agent, such that x is causally active in y.
has paternal aunt
has aunt
has maternal uncle
coincides with
An immaterial entity im1 coincides with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and im2 is a spatial part of im1.
Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be transitive and symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions.
has sister
has half sister
has subsidiary
An Organization o1 has_subsidiary Organization o2 iff o1 controls o2 by having the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about o2's financial and operating policies.
has inside interval
A Temporal Interval INT2 has inside interval some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before inst1, and inst2 is before inst4.
tangential part of
An immaterial entity im1 is a tangential part of some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and there exists some immaterial entity im3 such that im3 externally connects with im1 and im3 externally connects with im2.
Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be transitive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions.
Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf
partially overlaps with
An immaterial entity im1 partially overlaps with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 overlaps with im2 and im1 is not a spatial part of im2 and im2 is not a spatial part of im1.
Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions.
is supervised by
A person p1 is supervised by a person p2 by virtue of p1 being directed, managed, or overseen by p2.
role of aggregate
x role_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Role, and x inheres_in_aggregate y.
prohibits
x prohibits y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that some y must not occur.
Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be asymmetric and irreflexive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions.
is subject of
A primitive relationship between an instance of an Entity and an instance of an Information Content Entity.
has husband
is cause of
x is_cause_of y iff x and y are instances of Occurrent, and y is a consequence of x.
is spouse of
is disrupted by
is first cousin of
is required by
y is_required_by x at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y must occur.
A primitive relationship between an Information Content Entity and some Entity.
inheres in aggregate
x inheres_in_aggregate y iff x is an instance of Specifically Dependent Continuant and y is an instance of Object Aggregate and z is an instance of Object, such that z bearer_of x, and all other members of y are bearers of a unique instance of the same type as x.
connected with
An immaterial entity im1 is connected with some immaterial entity im2 iff there exists some immaterial entity im3 that is common to both im1 and im2.
is a ordinal measurement of
x is_a_ordinal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale ordered by rank.
is grandson of
interval finishes
A Temporal Interval INT1 finishes some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst 1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, and inst3 is before inst1.
is subsidiary of
An Organization o2 is_subsidiary_of Organization o1 iff o1 controls o2 by having the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about o2's financial and operating policies.
is output of
x is_output_of y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the end of y is a necessary condition for the completion of y.
is prohibited by
y is_prohibited_by y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y must not occur.
is in-law of
caused by
x caused_by y iff x and y are instances of Occurrent, and x is a consequence of y.
has granddaughter
interval finished by
A Temporal Interval INT2 is finished by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst 1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, and inst3 is before inst1.
interval equals
A Temporal Interval INT1 is equal to some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1 and inst2 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2 and inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2.
has paternal uncle
is excerpted from
An Information Bearing Entity b1 is excerpted from another Information Bearing Entity B2 iff b1 is part of some Information Bearing Entity B1 that is carrier of some Information Content Entity C1, B2 is carrier of some Information Content Entity C2, C1 is not identical with C2, b1 is carrier of some Information Content Entity c1, b2 is an Information Bearing Entity that is part of B2 and b2 is carrier of c1 (i.e. the same Information Content Entity as borne by b1).
interval overlaps
A Temporal Interval INT1 overlaps some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst1 is before inst3, inst3 is before inst2, and inst2 is before inst4.
is sister-in-law of
nontangential part of
An immaterial entity im1 is a nontangential part of some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and there does not exist an immaterial entity im3 such that im3 externally connects with im1 and im3 externally connects with im2.
has sister in law
disposition of aggregate
x disposition_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Disposition, and x inheres_in_aggregate y.
has accomplice
A Processual Entity p1 has_accomplice some agent a1 iff a1 assists in the commission of p1, is located at the location of p1, but is not agent_in p1.
is subordinate role to
For all x,y,t: y is subordinate role to x at t iff: x is an instance of Role at time t, and y is an instance of Role at time t, and there is some z such that x is realized by z and z is an instance of Process which creates, modifies, transfers, or eliminates some u such that u is a Process Regulation at time t, and u is addressed to the bearer of y.
has some member located in
x has some member located in y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of independent continuant but not a spatial region, and at least one member of x is located in y.
has agent
x has_agent y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y is causally active in x.
affects
x affects y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Continuant, and x influences y in some manner, most often by producing a change in y.
is son of
aggregate bearer of
x aggregate_bearer_of y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Specifically Dependent Continuant and z is an instance of Object, such that z bearer of y, and all other members of x are bearers of a unique instance of the same type as y.
time zone identifier used by
x time_zone_identifier_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that x designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in y.
disconnected with
An immaterial entity im1 is disconnected with some immaterial entity im2 iff there does not exist some immaterial entity im3 that is common to both im1 and im2.
has son
has grandmother
is input of
x is_input_of y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the beginning of y is a necessary condition for the start of y.
is child of
Comment is_paternal_first_cousin_of is not a symmetric relationship as is is_first_cousin_of
is paternal first cousin of
Person A is paternal first cousin of Person B iff Person B has father F and F has sibling P and P is parent of Person A.
has sender
y has_sender x iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the initiator and encoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y.
is site of
x is_site_of y iff x is an instance of Site and y is an instance of Process, such that y occurs in x.
is organizational context of
x is_organizational_context_of y iff x is an instance of an Organization and y is an instance of a Role and z is an instance of a Person, such that z's affiliation with x is a prerequisite for z bearing y, or x ascribes y to the bearer of y.
interval is after
A TemporalInterval INT2 is after some TemporalInterval INT1 iff there exists TemporalInstants inst2, inst1 such that inst2 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst2 is after inst1.
is inside instant of
For Temporal Instant t1 and Temporal Interval t2, t1 is inside instant of t2 if and only if there are Temporal Instants t3 and t4 non-identical to t1 and part of t2 such that t3 is before t1 and t4 is after t1.
is father in-law of
is grandparent of
is sister of
accessory in
y is_accessory_in x iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y assists another agent in the commission of x, and y was not located at the location of x when x occurred, and y was not an agent_in x.
is mother in-law of
has daughter in law
has spatial part
y has_spatial_part x iff x, y, z, and q are instances of Immaterial Entity, such that for any z connected with x, z is also connected with y, and q is connected with y but not connected with x.
has niece
is part of process
x is_part_of_process y iff x and y are instances of Process, such that x occurs during the temporal interval of y, and x either provides an input to y or receives an output of y.
is daughter of
is delimited by
An instance of Organization o1 is_delimited_by some Delimiting Domain dd1 iff dd1 is the area within which o1 can legally operate.
is ancestor of
is material of
An object m is material of an object o when m is the material of which o consists and that material does not undergo a change of kind during the creation of o
interval disjoint
A Temporal Interval INT1 is disjoint with a Temporal Interval INT2 iff INT1 is before or meets INT2 OR INT2 is before or meets INT1. In other words, INT1 and INT2 are disjoint iff INT1 and INT2 do not overlap, contain, or equal one another.
uses measurement unit
y uses_measurement_unit x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y.
delimits
An instance of Delimiting Domain dd1 delimits some Organization o1 iff dd1 is the area within which o1 can legally operate.
has familial relationship to
A relationship between persons by virtue of ancestry or legal union.
is interest of
is daughter in-law of
is a nominal measurement of
x is_a_nominal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x classifies y relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics.
interval during
A Temporal Interval INT1 is during some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before inst1, and inst2 is before inst4.
interval overlapped by
A Temporal Interval INT2 is overlapped by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst1 is before inst3, inst3 is before inst2, and inst2 is before inst4.
has wife
is step-brother of
represented by
y represented_by x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y.
is temporal region of
t is temporal region of p iff p occupies temporal region t.
Leaving this is in ERO for now since BFO2020 has no inverse of occupies-temporal-region yet.
interval started by
A Temporal Interval INT2 is started by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the ending instant of INT2 and inst2 is before inst3.
is grandfather of
is a interval measurement of
x is_a_interval_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale which has uniform intervals but has a zero value that does not correspond to an absence of the attribute being measured.
a measurement of air temperature on the Celsius scale.
designated by
x designated_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that given some context, y uniquely distinguishes x from other entities.
capability of aggregate
x capability_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x inheres in aggregate y.
is son in-law of
is grandmother of
is brother of
condition described by
c condition_described_by p iff p is an instance of a Performance Specification, and p has part d, and d is an instance of a Descriptive Information Content Entity, and p prescribes an entity s, and d describes c, and c is an entity that is causally relevant to s existing as prescribed by p.
has mother in law
is affected by
x is_affected_by y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, and y influences x in some manner, most often by producing a change in x.
is wife of
disrupts
A relation where one process disrupts another process from occurring as it would have.
To lower the grade of a process is to lower the quality of a process according to some standard, for example when realizing a capability or a function.
A process can disrupt another process from occurring as it would have by 1) preventing a disposition or role from being realized by that process, 2) lowering the grade of the process, or 3) stopping the process from continuing to occur.
capability of
x capability_of y iff y is an instance of Agent and x is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x inheres in y.
has step brother
has brother in law
is paternal grandfather of
instant is after
A temporal instant t2 (a instance of a zero-dimensional temporal region) is after another temporal instant t1 iff there exists some instance of a temporal interval ti1 such that t1 is the starting instant of ti1 and t2 is the ending instant of ti1.
'instant is after' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant t2 is after some temporal instant t1 if and only if t1 precedes t2.
has paternal first cousin
accomplice in
An agent a1 is accomplice_in some Processual Entity p1 iff a1 assists in the commission of p1, is located at the location of p1, but is not agent_in p1.
interval meets
A Temporal Interval INT1 meets some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists some Temporal Instant inst1 such that inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst1 is the starting instant of INT2.
is maternal grandmother of
aggregate has capability
x aggregate_has_capability y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x is aggregate bearer of y.
language used in
x language_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Language, such that the literal value of y is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of x.
is geospatial coordinate reference system of
x is_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
aggregate has role
x aggregate_has_role y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Role, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y.
is sibling of
is maternal grandfather of
is measured by
y is_measured_by x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to some scale or classification scheme.
is half-brother of
Comment is_maternal_first_cousin_of is not a symmetric relationship as is is_first_cousin_of
is maternal first cousin of
Person A is maternal first cousin of Person B iff Person B has mother M and M has sibling P and P is parent of Person A.
aggregate has quality
x aggregate_has_quality y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Quality, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y.
uses time zone identifier
x uses_time_zone_identifier y iff x is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that y designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in x.
has tangential part
x has_tangential_part y iff x, y, and z are instances of Immaterial Entity, and x has_spatial_part y, such that z externally connects with both x and y.
permits
x permits y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y may occur.
is paternal grandmother of
uses reference system
y uses_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
uses geospatial coordinate reference system
y uses_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
is measured by nominal
y is_measured_by_nominal x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x classifies y relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics.
interval met by
A Temporal Interval INT2 is met by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exists some Temporal Instant inst1 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is the ending instant of INT1.
designates
x designates y iff x is an instance of an Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of an Entity, such that given some context, x uniquely distinguishes y from other entities.
a URL designates the location of a Web Page on the internet
a vehicle identification number designates some vehicle
Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be functional. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions.
described by
x described_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity, and x is an instance of Entity, such that y is about the characteristics by which y can be recognized or visualized.
occurs at
x occurs_at y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Site, such that x occurs in y.
prescribed by
x prescribed_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that y serves as a rule or guide for x if x is an Occurrent, or y serves as a model for x if x is a Continuant.
y has_input x iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the beginning of y is a necessary condition for the start of y.
has recipient
x has_recipient y iff y is an instance of Agent and x is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that y is the recipient and decoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in x.
interval starts
A Temporal Interval INT1 starts some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the ending instant of INT2 and inst2 is before inst3.
interval contains
A Temporal Interval INT2 contains some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before or identical to inst1, and inst2 is before or identical to inst4, but it is not the case that both inst3 is identical to inst1 and inst2 is identical to inst4.
is paternal uncle of
has half brother
is predecessor of
A continuant c1 is a predecessor of some continuant c2 iff there is some process p1 and c1 is an input to p1 and c2 is an output of p1.
More informally, c1 is a predecessor of c2 iff c1 has been followed or replaced by c2.
is maternal uncle of
is second cousin of
externally connects with
An immaterial entity im1 externally connects with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 connects with im2 and im1 does not overlap with im2.
is niece of
process starts
x process_starts y iff x and y are instances of processes, and x is_cause_of y, and i is an instance of a temporal instant, and r is an instant of a temporal interval, and y has starting instance i, and x occurs on r, and r interval contains i.
A process x starts another process y when x causes y while x is still occurring.
has maternal first cousin
has father in law
is object of
If p is a process and c is a continuant, then c is object of p if and only if the c is part of the projected state that the agent intends to achieve by performing p.
has paternal grandmother
Isomorphism between the carrier of x and the represented entity can be via a direct similarity relation, e.g., grooves in a vinyl record corresponding to sound waves, or linguistic convention, e.g., a court stenographer's transcription of spoken words, as well as others, such as encoding processes for images.
represents
x represents y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y.
The relationship that is being defined here is that between the content of a photographic image and its object, between the content of a video and its objects and events, between the content of an audio recording and the sounds or events generating those sounds, or between the content of a written transcript and the verbal event that it transcribes.
is affiliated with
x is_affiliated_with y iff x and y are instances of Agent, such that they have any kind of social or business relationship.
interval is before
A TemporalInterval INT1 is before some TemporalInterval INT2 iff there exists TemporalInstants inst1, inst2 such that inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst2 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is before inst2.
is maternal aunt of
prescribes
x prescribes y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x serves as a rule or guide for y if y an Occurrent, or x serves as a model for y if y is a Continuant.
A blueprint prescribes some artifact or facility by being a model for it.
A professional code of conduct prescribes some realizations of a profession (role) by giving rules for how the bearer should act in those realizations.
An operations plan prescribes an operation by enumerating the tasks that need to be performed in order to achieve the objectives of the operation.
supervises
A person p1 supervises a person p2 by virtue of p1 directing, managing, or overseeing p2.
in the sense used here, spatial part of is elsewhere referred to as proper spatial part of
spatial part of
x spatial_part_of y iff x, y, z, and q are instances of Immaterial Entity, such that for any z connected with x, z is also connected with y, and q is connected with y but not connected with x.
is grandchild of
has father
quality of aggregate
x quality_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Quality, and x inheres_in_aggregate y.
is half sister of
has accessory
x has_accessory y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y assists another agent in the commission of x, and y was not located at the location of x when x occurred, and y was not an agent_in x.
is third cousin of
has subordinate role
For all x,y,t: x has subordinate role y at t iff: x is an instance of Role at time t, and y is an instance of Role at time t, and there is some z such that x is realized by z and z is an instance of Process which creates, modifies, transfers, or eliminates some u such that u is a Process Regulation at time t, and u is addressed to the bearer of y.
is brother-in-law of
has parent
has capability
x has_capability y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x bearer of y.
is aunt of
aggregate has disposition
x aggregate_has_disposition y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Disposition, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y.
is husband of
has maternal aunt
inhibits
x inhibits y iff x and y are non-identical Processes, d is a Decrease of Realizable Entity, and x is_cause_of d, and r is a Realizable Entity, and d has_participant r, and r realized_in y.
has maternal grandmother
is measurement unit of
x is_measurement_unit_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y.
process started by
x process_started_by y iff x and y are instances of processes, and x is caused_by y, and i is an instance of a temporal instant, and r is an instant of a temporal interval, and x has starting instance i, and y occurs on r, and r interval contains i.
A process x is started by another process y when y causes x while y is still occurring.
is measured by ordinal
y is_measured_by_ordinal x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale ordered by rank.
is measured by interval
y is_measured_by_interval x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale which has uniform intervals but has a zero value that does not correspond to an absence of the attribute being measured.
is measured by ratio
y is_measured_by_ratio x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured.
This object property, as well as all of its children are typified as functional properties. This means that for instances x, y, and z if x is a measurement of y and x is a measurement of z, then y = z.
is a measurement of
x is_a_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to some scale or classification scheme.
is nephew of
is descendent of
has nephew
inhibited by
y inhibited_by x iff x and y are non-identical Processes, d is a Decrease of Realizable Entity, and x is_cause_of d, and r is a Realizable Entity, and d has_participant r, and r realized_in y.
interval contained by
A Temporal Interval INT1 is contained by some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before or identical to inst1, inst2 is before or identical to inst4, and it is not the case that both inst3 is identical to inst1 and inst2 is identical to inst4.
has paternal grandfather
has maternal grandfather
requires
x requires y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that some y must occur.
is half-sibling of
uses language
x uses_language y iff x is an instance of an Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of a Language such that the literal value of x is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of y.
has affiliate
receives
x receives y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the recipient and decoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y.
is step-sister of
describes condition
p describes_condition c iff p is an instance of a Performance Specification, and p has part d, and d is an instance of a Descriptive Information Content Entity, and p prescribes an entity s, and d describes c, and c is an entity that is causally relevant to s existing as prescribed by p.
has grandson
It is possible that this relation should be a functional property, that is for all x, y, z if x describes y and x describes z then y = z. For example, if a financial report x describes the quarterly results of a company y and that same financial report describes the quarterly results of a company z, then it should be inferred that companies y and z are the same. We refrained from classifying the relation as a functional property on the concern that descriptions are multifaceted and so consequently it may be that the same report would contain descriptions of multiple entities.
describes
x describes y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, such that x is about the characteristics by which y can be recognized or visualized.
the content of a newspaper article describes some current event
the content of a visitor's log describes some facility visit
the content of an accident report describes some accident
is a ratio measurement of
x is_a_ratio_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured.
has interest in
A relation between an entity and some process where the entity has an interest in that process.
This term is meant to be weakly normative. The only sense in which the process is of positive normative value is that it's prescribed by the entity, or historically of evolutionary benefit to the entity's ancestors, or facilitates a process the entity has an interest in for the prior two reasons. The process an entity has an interest could in many or all ways be harmful to the entity.
There are four conditions in which an entity has an interest in some process. 1) Biological Condition: If a part (including improper part) of an organism has a function, then that organism has an interest in the realization of that function. 2) Artifactual Condition: If a part (including improper part) of an artifact has a function, then some agent or group of agents, at some time, has an interest in the realization of that function. 3) Prescription Condition: If an agent or group of agents has a plan, then it has an interest in the realization of all the processes and process-combinations prescribed by that plan. 4) Facilitation Condition: If (a) x has an interest in the realization of a disposition y, and (b) the realization of a disposition z facilitates the realization of disposition y, then (c) x has an interest in the realization of disposition z, and by 'facilitates' we mean that the occurrence of a process w, which realizes realization of z is either (1) required for y, to realize or (2) would contribute positively to the grade of, y's realization.
is father of
y has_output x iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the end of y is a necessary condition for the completion of y.
has daughter
is uncle of
has nontangential part
x has_nontangential_part y iff x and y are instances of Immaterial Entity, and x has_spatial_part y, such that there does not exist another instance of an Immaterial Entity which externally connects with both x and y.
instant is before
A temporal instant t1 (a instance of a zero-dimensional temporal region) is before another temporal instant t2 iff there exists some instance of a temporal interval ti1 such that t1 is the starting instant of ti1 and t2 is the ending instant of ti1.
'instant is before' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant t1 is before some temporal instant t2 if and only if t1 precedes t2.
is made of
An object o is made of an object m when m is the material that o consists of and that material does not undergo a change of kind during the creation of o
has organizational context
x has_organizational_context y iff y is an instance of an Organization and x is an instance of a Role and z is an instance of a Person, such that z's affiliation with y is a prerequisite for z bearing x or y ascribes x to the bearer of x.
sends
x sends y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the initiator and encoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y.
is paternal aunt of
is parent of
is step-sibling of
is reference system of
x is_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
is permitted by
y is_permitted_by x at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y may occur.
Property linking a biological sequence to a string representing the ordered units that comprise the sequence (e.g. 'atgcagctagctaccgtcgatcg').
Describes the number of members in some set.
In GENO, this is used to describe things like the number of sequence features comprising a 'sequence feature set', the number of sequences in a 'biological sequence set', or the number of functional sequences defining a particular 'functional copy number complement'.
has_member_count
A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
has specified value
A relation between a value specification and a literal.
This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject.
This alphanumeric string is generated at data acquisition, and is used to uniquely identify the dataset.
ALSDA subject ID: Unique numeric identifier of a group to which the subject belongs. Examples of subject groups (Flight/Ground Control/Basal)
The UID assigned by NBISC and used in the Ames Life Science Data Archive
Original document number assigned by the JSC or ARC project, mission level offices, or headquarters level offices. For publication citations only, this is a number generated by the SQL database.
Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function.
equivalent or subproperty of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000467
Date when data are released (usually by the PI) to the archive, or released to go on the public Website.
Magnitude of the temporal extent between the start of mission operations and the end of mission operations
Specified from the definition of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001309
This value denotes whether a dataset is available for download on the public site. Datasets are either available for download on-line, or available off-line in hardcopy form.
The family name associated with the object
owl:equivalentProperty IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#family-name
Phylogenetic classification of the subject or biospecimen host. Examples include: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
A textual entity refers to a taxon or organism that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized.
Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. cf IAO:0000305 document title as a class
equiv to http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title
Experimental group that a subject belongs to (fixed choice: F, B, GC, V, etc.)
Identifier for NASA's research announcements or other "calls for proposals" (i.e. AO, NRA, etc.) soliciting the experiment
This field refers to the NASA classification of the experiment, in terms of the type of research project it originated from and/or is currently under (i.e AG, LSAH, CEVP), the type of payload or experiment it is, and/or the type of program it is related to.
The unique identifier assigned to each study
The given name associated with the object
A textual entity that specifies characteristics of some entity. cf. apollosv:00000476
Indicates the material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole
synonymous with rdfs:label as applied to institution
rdfs label (see https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_label)
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. cf. ExO:0000102 sex
The official name given to a study - usually the same name used when responding to a solicitation
equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/description
The proposed and/or actual start date of the experiment.
The city or town associated with the address of the object. cf. vcard:locality
owl:equivalentProperty http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#locality
The particular arrangement or pattern of a group of related things
owl:equivalentProperty http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C91820
A small image that is representative of a larger image file.
The name (or part of a name) of a file (of any type)
owl:equivalentProperty http://edamontology.org/data_1050
These are the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms assigned by LSDA archivists to the experiment.
Programmatic, or data acquisition or data quality information regarding this dataset.
A device used to preserve and store specimen (fixed choice: 2ml cryotube, etc.).
Date of euthanasia for animals. Can be the same day as dissection. Date of sample harvest for other type of experiments. .
Physical location where the data was collected
An indicator of the extent to which data have been cleaned, normalized, enriched, abstracted, summarized, and/or integrated, defined in comparison to the initial format of the data and using the framework accepted by the relevant discipline or organization.
The mechanical equipment component used.
Describes the information, in terms of the group responsible for collecting and/or providing the data.
The physical or digital form in which the data are available.
An entity responsible for making the resource.
equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
NASA center or other location where the document is archived; for hardcopy documents, this field also indicates where the document can be ordered
equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/available
Access restrictions for ordering/receiving the archived document.
File name for document available for online.
Defines the progress toward completion of archiving an experiment record, or other status information
Designates the NASA center assigned to preserving and curating an experiment's data and metadata. Note that It is not necessarily the same as the managing center.
Indicates the agency that is funding (sponsoring) the experiment.
Designates the research announcement (aka NRA) under which the study was funded.
Provides general spatial information on the environment of the mission's activities. This includes vehicle namess, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit bout the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space, satellites, space-analog ground facilities
An organism that is bred to have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms
The vendor of the animals. (eg. Jackson Laboratory, Charles River Laboratories). Or supplier of the plant/ cells.
A description of the subjects that were studied within the experiment
Animal body weight at launch. Unit is a separate field. cf. This is a literal value, See pato:0000128 for quality class
Indicates the center that is coordinating the implementation of the study.
describes the function or purpose of the document, in the context of space life sciences data management.
The additional name associated with the object
additional name
The date of marriage, or equivalent, of the object
anniversary
To specify the birth date of the object
birth date
The category information about the object, also known as tags
category
This data property has been deprecated
class
The country name associated with the address of the object
country name
extended address
family name
The formatted text corresponding to the name of the object
formatted name
given name
The honorific prefix of the name associated with the object
honorific prefix
The honorific suffix of the name associated with the object
honorific suffix
label
To specify the language that may be used for contacting the object. May also be used as a property parameter.
language
This data property has been deprecated. See hasGeo
latitude
The locality (e.g. city or town) associated with the address of the object
locality
longitude
mailer
The nick name associated with the object
nickname
A note associated with the object
note
To specify the organizational name associated with the object
organization name
To specify the organizational unit name associated with the object
organizational unit name
post office box
The postal code associated with the address of the object
postal code
To specify the identifier for the product that created the object
product id
The region (e.g. state or province) associated with the address of the object
region
To specify revision information about the object
revision
To specify the function or part played in a particular situation by the object
role
To specify the string to be used for national-language-specific sorting. Used as a property parameter only.
sort as
The street address associated with the address of the object
street address
To specify the position or job of the object
title
To indicate time zone information that is specific to the object. May also be used as a property parameter.
time zone
Used to indicate the literal value of a data property that requires property parameters
value
has longitude value
A Data Property that has as its range the longitude value from some Geospatial Location coordinates set expressed in decimal degrees.
has text value
A data property that has as its range a string value.
has latitude value
A Data Property that has as its range the latitude value from some Geospatial Location coordinates set expressed in decimal degrees.
has datetime value
A data property that has as its value a datetime value.
has URI value
A data property that has as its range a URI value.
has decimal value
A data property that has as its range a decimal value.
has double value
A data property that has as its range a double value.
has date value
A data property that has as its range a date value.
has boolean value
A data property that has as its range a boolean value.
has integer value
A data property that has as its range an integer value.
A planned process that has specified output a software product and that involves the creation of source code.
Mathias Brochhausen
William R. Hogan
A planned process resulting in a software product involving the creation of source code.
software development
creating a data set
A planned process that has a data set as its specified output.
data set creation
dataset creation
dataset creating
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
(Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem
continuant
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra
spatial region
(Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region
temporal region
(Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region
two-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space
spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite
'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region.
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
process
event
(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocitosis and exocitosis
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type [89
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
internally-grounded realizable entity
(Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity
zero-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole
quality
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
(Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold
specifically dependent continuant
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity and b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be and b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
externally-grounded realizable entity
(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target
fiat object
fiat object part
(Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body
one-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
(Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts.
The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts.
three-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time
site
(Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist
object
(Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
A description of three primary sorts of causal unity is provided in Basic Formal Ontology 2.0. Specification and User Guide
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
g-dependent continuant
(Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
function
(Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
process boundary
p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life
one-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
The temporal region during which a process occurs
material entity
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings
continuant fiat boundary
(Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface
immaterial entity
b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site
fiat line
(Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin
Process Profile
An occurrent that is an occurrent part of some process by virtue of the rate, or pattern, or amplitude of change in an attribute of one or more participants of said process.
On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels; One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.; The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
relational quality
b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another
fiat surface
(Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant
fiat point
(Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system
zero-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
history
(Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence
temporal interval
(Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
The year 2018.
A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps.
temporal instant
(Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
The millennium
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
The general name for the hydrogen nucleus, to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes).
A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome.
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the delta chemical shift scale.
The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid.
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u.
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
Any organic ion with a net positive charge.
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).
A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.
An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia.
Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force.
Nuclear particle of zero charge, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.008664904(14) u.
An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
A particle not known to have substructure.
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
Some people may be uncomfortable calling every proton an atomic nucleus
This is equivalent to CHEBI:33252
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid.
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas.
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
A macromolecule formed by a living organism.
A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid.
High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins.
A cation consisting of more than one atom.
An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.
When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue.
A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid.
A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
polymer
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin).
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy).
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose.
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
A hadron with zero or integer spin; a strongly interacting boson. The term is derived from the Greek muepsilonsigmaomicronsigma (medium, middle).
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
The collective name for zero-spin mesons pi(+), pi(-) and pi(0).
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.113428913(17) u, or 105.658389(34) MeV.
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct.
In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen.
A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons.
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.
Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged.
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
A group that carries an overall positive charge.
A group that carries an overall negative charge.
An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge.
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
An amino acid-zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3.
Any inorganic anion with a valency of two.
Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.
An information content entity that is output by an assay.
A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity.
Measurement of the dose of a substance taken up by an object.
A sensor that is used to measure the dose of a substance taken by up an object.
PMID:18089833.Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12018-25. "...Epithelial cells were harvested from histologically confirmed adenocarcinomas .."
A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CL and GO definitions of cell differ based on inclusive or exclusive of cell wall, etc.
We struggled with this definition. We are worried about circularity. We also considered requiring the capability of metabolism.
A material entity consisting of exactly one atomic nucleus and the electron(s) orbiting it.
This atom is closely related to ChEBI's atom, but not exactly equivalent to.
A material entity that consists of two or more atoms that are all connected via covalent bonds such that any atom can be transitively connected with any other atom.
This molecular entity is different than ChEBI's 'molecular entity'.
We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well
We would like to have cardinality restrictions on the logic, but there are some technical limitations.
A part of a multicellular organism that is a collection of cell components that are not all contained in one cell.
gross anatomical part
A material entity that is a maximal functionally integrated unit that develops from a program encoded in a genome
'Maximal functionally integrated unit' is intended to express unity, which Barry considers synonymous with BFO 'object'.
Includes virus - we will later have a class for cellular organisms.
organism
A material entity processed by human activity with an intent to produce it.
In the COB 2024 workshop there was much disagreement about this label.
processed material entity
completely executed planned process
A complex of two or more molecular entities that are not covalently bound.
complex of molecules
A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification.
planned process
A planned process that intends to output material entities from input material entities
material processing
A processed material entity which is designed to be capable of a process.
device
An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings.
This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass.
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore.
A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles.
A geographical feature associated with water.
A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere.
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).
A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass.
An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem.
An accumulation of water of varying size.
The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water.
A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort.
"constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference
A permanent walled and roofed construction.
An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials.
As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process.
A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate.
Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains.
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.
Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.
The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome.
A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops.
A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface.
Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain.
An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years.
Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material.
The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current.
Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current.
A landform elevated above the surrounding area.
elevation
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material.
A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions.
A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section.
An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted.
A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost.
Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice.
Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees.
A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area.
Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486
depression
A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock.
A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand.
grain of sand
granule of sand
sand granule
In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel.
particle of sand
A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt.
grain of silt
granule of silt
The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam.
A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
In this definition, there is an assumption that no major perturbations are occurring or have occurred in a time frame affects the successional dynamics of the ecosystem. A "major" perturbation is one which disrupts the community's ability to restore its (near) equilibrium. Usually, pioneer or early secondary successional processes would be in effect in such scenarios.
A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass.
An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body.
This biome includes open-ocean and unprotected coastal ecosystems, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt.
A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken.
The portion of the ground surface which lies below water.
A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure.
An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms.
The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg]
'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280
A lentic water body which is composed primarily of marine water.
A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land.
The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth.
An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.
Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid.
Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid.
Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers.
Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible.
Dust occurs in and may be deposited from the atmosphere.
Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts.
The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight.
A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis.
A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water.
Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds.
A portion of contaminated soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some contaminant.
"contaminant" is more of a disposition - any material entity can be a contaminant in particular circumstances.
Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean.
When we have more classes representing the various processes which make seawater seawater, we can further axiomatise this class.
This definition refers to water that is actually in a sea or ocean. This water may have a wide range of salinity levels.
A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment.
Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds.
Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds.
A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely.
A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators.
A portion of soil which is found in a forested area.
A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process).
This seems more like a role than a material. Anything can be waste. Thus, a "waste" role or disposition will be created and this class can then be populated by inference: any environmental material which has [role,disposition] waste will be considered a waste material.
Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products.
This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with industrial entities.
A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure.
A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site.
A/C
A/C unit
air conditioner
Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired.
This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils.
A house used for sheltering non-human animals.
While humans are animals, this class does not refer to human houses.
A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity.
This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise.
An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered.
It's possible that this will become an inferred class in the future. The United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification should be referred to when expanding this branch. ISIC can also be used to identify processes. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1.
A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery.
A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research.
A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods.
An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air.
This is a general definition derived from the definitions for particulate, chemical, and other air filters. Subclasses should be created if needed.
Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability.
A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome.
A portion of soil which is found in a grassland.
Soil which is part of an agricultural field.
Soil which is part of some elevated land.
The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals.
This class represents habitations of non-human animals. This distinction may be removed in future releases.
A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young.
A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of.
Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water".
Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket.
A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings.
This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here.
Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets.
Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol"
Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live.
MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones.
This term is specific to marine upwellings.
Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles.
This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity.
Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances.
This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand.
Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt.
The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity.
The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another.
A marine biome which is determined by an ocean.
Ocean biomes are determined by major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt.
An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles.
Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible.
particulate matter
particulate environmental material
A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton.
See Issue #251. Awaiting class creation in PCO to attempt logical definitions.
planktonic material
A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength.
Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules.
A forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor.
A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs.
A grassland ecosystem in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state.
A woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live.
A desert ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog.
Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established.
A savanna biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
A subtropical grassland in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state.
A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor.
A broadleaf forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
A mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state.
A tropical broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state.
A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system.
A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional.
A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius.
A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius.
As with most other climatic zones and conditions, multiple classification schemes have somehat different definitions and criteria. To quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate. In the Trewartha climate classification, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined Warm temperate zones as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,[4] which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.[5] According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: Rainy winters of the west sides and Eastern subtropical climate.[6] According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: high-continental, continental, and maritime.[7] According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.[8]"
A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions.
This class' definition is less satisfactory than the other latitudinal conditoins.
A coniferous forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
A temperate mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state.
A shrubland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions.
An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity.
A woodland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration.
A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions.
On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition.
A scrubland which is located in a desert.
A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity.
Villages are also described as agricultural settlements with greater than 100 persons per square kilometre; however, no upper limit is defined.
A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock.
A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use.
A coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions.
A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius.
Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition.
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
1. Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for imports from an ontology of environment and experimental conditions. 2. Need to consdier how to model environments in a way that covers ENVO and XCO content in a consistent and coherent way. A couple classes under Exploratory Class are relvant here. Consider how we might approach environments/condisitons using an EQ aproach analogous to how phenotypes are defined (i.e. consider environments/coonditions as qualities inhereing in some entity).
In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised.
A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure.
Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure.
Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water.
Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO?
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere.
A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions.
Unlike biomes, ecoregions are geographically defined entities. ENVO's sister project, GAZ, contains terms for instances of ecoregions (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra). Requests for new terms should be directed to GAZ. ENVO will only contain this top-level class. The class' definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO.
Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensation of atmospheric water vapour direct into ice crystals, (c) the compaction of snow with or without the motion of a glacier, or (d) the impregnation of porous snow masses with water which subsequently freeze.
Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration.
ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories.
A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material.
Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline.
Class should be populated by inference and asserted subclasses redistributed.
A layer that is part of a marine water body.
An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water.
An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average.
The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'.
An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.
Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic.
A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes.
An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH.
An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water.
A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock.
A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body.
An environmental system determined by seawater.
The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence).
A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space.
a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities
A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water.
This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed.
A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape.
The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed.
An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it.
A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form.
A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height.
This definition is inclusive of non-herbaceous plants that may be transiently present in the "herb layer". See Gilliam FS (2007) The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. BioScience. 57(10):845-858. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007) for rationale and a review of definitional and terminological variation.
A biome which is subject to polar climatic conditions.
This class is primarily for inference and, in general, should not be used directly by annotators. If you're an annotator, please consider using a more informative term such as 'tundra biome'.
An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline.
Requested term with preliminary def. See Issue 29 on the envo tracker.
An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line.
The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate.
An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude.
Depending on the latitude (and, to a lesser extent, other factors), the actual location of the zones where these conditions are in effect will change.
An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root.
Requested in Issue 115 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive.
This class was created to accommodate "fields" from agricultural fields to marine mesoscale eddy fields. Thus, it has a very broad definition which makes it less than informative when annotating. Please consider using or requesting an appropriate subclass.
A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation.
A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7.
An evergreen needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000).
A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
A deciduous needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves.
This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made.
A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers).
This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made.
A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
A broadleaf evergreen forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns.
This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). It is currently unclear how to relate forests and swamps.
Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice.
A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein.
Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition.
A whole plant which is relatively young.
A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity.
The provisioning of a dwelling-place can perhaps be modelled as a role.
A human house is a house which provides a dwelling-place for humans.
A building part is a construction which is part of a building.
Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat.
A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls.
A forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor.
A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending.
A forest ecosystem which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor.
A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. The subclasses of this class need to be checked: are they properly placed under other classes or is this corrected and the dominant form of mixed vegetation noted in the label?
A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete.
A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob.
Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time.
Missing the class for "aggregate" - tricky to define what it is, exactly. Again, seems more like some sort of material/disposition hybrid.
Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together.
"Cement" refers more to a disposition than a specific material.
Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security.
This is a building part and not the same as a standalone wall, which is a building in its own right.
An exterior wall is a building wall which separates the interior of a building from the buildings surrounding environment.
A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier.
A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above.
A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering
This class is meant to represent roofs which are parts of buildings, rather than a roofs of cave and other natural formations.
A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried.
A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried.
Generally used to refer to the masonry unit rather than a material.
A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks.
A concrete exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of concrete.
An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness.
A sheet-iron building roof is a building roof that is built from sheets of iron.
An asbestos building roof is a building roof that is built from asbestos.
asbestos exists in CHEBI and will be imported to complete this class' logical def.
A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications.
A tile building roof is a building roof that is built using tiles.
A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces.
"disposal" may not be the most precise way to describe fill-in latrines. Note that no assertion is made on whether these fixtures are in- or outdoors.
A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another.
The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT)
Definition from GEMET - will be refined.
The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum
The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT)
The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height
This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses.
atmospheric layer
A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow.
boundary layer
A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails.
motor vehicle
A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo.
vehicle
A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
motor
A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow.
lentic water body
Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase.
"process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog)
hydrological condensation process
planetary landmass
Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface
Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
outer space
A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle.
This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance.
planetary crust
A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition.
Label should be improved to match definition.
planetary structural layer
A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density.
This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance.
planetary mantle
A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.
Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle.
lithosphere
A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants.
See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx
The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request.
dense settlement
A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further.
waste role
A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces.
geological fracture
A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement.
The relationship between faults and active plate boundaries must be further developed, as there is some overlap.
geological fault
An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years.
active geological fault
Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem.
contaminated air
An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves.
Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes.
earthquake
Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology
An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture.
tectonic earthquake
A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it.
polluted lake
water mass
A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake.
Used for both marine and lake coasts. The boundary of the coast is fuzzy and it overlaps both the water body and land in quesiton. Compared to 'shore'
coast
A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
tsunami
A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level.
geological subsidence
Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity.
"process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet)
hydrological precipitation process
Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid.
condensation process
Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid.
desublimation process
An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population.
A habitat's specificity to an ecological population differentiates it from other environment classes.
habitat
A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems.
An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This looks like an aggregate class, subsuming a range of processes which can lead to degradation.
These anthropogenic ecosystems may include urban or other built-up settlements or anthropogenic ecosystems used for activities such as forestry or agriculture.
land consumption process
Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file
A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning.
See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work.
human dwelling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
The range of entities that are considered "barren land" are not exhaustive, making axiomatisation risky at this stage.
According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition.
area of barren land
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes.
This may not need to be in the atmosphere, also note that "meteor" will do much of the same work.
Similar, in spirit, to landform. This class may need to be split into aerosols and 'pure' volumes of gas.
aeroform
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.
This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes.
village
The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings.
We label this as 'public infrastructure', as the OECD definition refers specifically to public constructed features. The parts of public infrastructure are not exhaustive and should be extended as needed.
public infrastructure
A building which is publically accessible.
Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO.
public building
A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity.
Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process.
material extraction process
A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces.
This class refers to all forms of "wind": from the familiar movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere to the solar wind. Use a subclass to be more precise.
mass gaseous flow
A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria.
atmospheric wind
A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.
This class is to be populated by inference.
gaseous environmental material
A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields.
An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88
plasma
An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'.
astronomical body
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists.
planet
An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces.
Add qualities such as spherical. Request NTRs if not available in PATO.
star
An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far.
astronomical object
A material part of an astronomical body.
Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension.
Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts.
This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed.
Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information.
astronomical body part
An environmental material which is in a solid state.
This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference.
solid environmental material
An environmental material which is in a liquid state.
This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference.
liquid environmental material
An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact.
Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion.
The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations.
biosphere
An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet.
This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class.
hydrosphere
An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere.
pedosphere
Air which has increased levels of water vapour.
humid air
Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature.
"Near equal" is meant to reflect that there will be fluctuations around the equilibrium point.
water vapour saturated air
A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity.
This is the process which typically happens on Earth. Other planets may have different liquids involved in the process.
water-based rainfall
A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid.
No attempt is made to differentiate between drops and droplets. This may be added, if requested.
droplet
A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity.
raindrop
A defined class which should be filled by inference.
water droplet
This is the class intended for use when describing raindrops on Earth. These typically have a diamter of 0.1 to 9 millimetres.
water raindrop
A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal.
crystal
A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice.
Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions.
water ice crystal
A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a temperate climate.
A component of the WWF Temperate Shelf and seas ecoregions grouping
temperate marginal sea biome
A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process.
marine upwelling biome
A marine upwelling biome which is located in a region subject to temperate climate patterns.
temperate marine upwelling biome
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub"
According to the NLCD 2011, areas of scrub or shrub are dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition.
area of scrub
A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force.
precipitation process
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types.
According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed open space are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover less than 20% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition.
area of developed open space
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types.
According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by sedge or forbs. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that land covered by sedge tundra and sedge tussock tundra are subsumed in this category. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category.
area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by grasslands or non-woody, herbaceous plants. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that, while no "intensive" management such as tilling is performed in these areas, they may be used for grazing.
area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation
A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body.
This is currently bound to water-based snow on Earth, may need revisions for interplanetary applications
snowfall
A human house which serves as a long-term shelter for its inhabitants and within which they store personal property.
This is under "human house" due to the broad definition of "house".
This term is not to be used for hotels, hostels, inns and the like, which provides shorter-term stays.
residential building
An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.
In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised.
natural environment
A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.
An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action.
anthropisation
A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals.
terrestrial planet
A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals.
animal trap
A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces.
This class can refer to the flow of any material in a liquid phase.
mass liquid flow
A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces.
water flow process
A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body.
technosphere
An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water.
plumbing fixture
A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.
manufacturing process
An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures.
The nature of "structures" must be further specified.
human-directed construction process
An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities.
Organisational class. Not intended for annotation.
environmental system determined by a quality
An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties.
Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump).
environmental system determined by a material
An environmental system which is determined by a living organism.
environmental system determined by an organism
An environmental system determined by a green plant.
plant-associated environment
An environmental system determined by an animal.
animal-associated environment
A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body.
meteor
A meteor which is primarily composed of water.
hydrometeor
A meteor which is primarily composed of rock.
lithometeor
A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity.
This class is to be filled by inference.
natural lake
A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium.
Requires addition of waves for full axiomatisation. This should be linked to "subatomic particle" with an "or". Note that ENVO represents space as an environmental material (a hard vacuum with sparse material inclusions).
radiation
A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles.
particle radiation
A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy.
Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy.
electromagnetic radiation
An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts.
The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request.
saline environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil.
soil environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment.
sediment environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol.
aerosol environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol.
saline aerosol environment
seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu)
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes.
non-saline aerosol environment
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal.
environment associated with an animal part or small animal
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant.
environment associated with a plant part or small plant
An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids.
meteoroid
A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties.
Far more axiomatisation can be done should the qualities of metals be added to PATO or a similar quality ontology. However, note that there are many exceptions to the typical qualities of the majority of metals.
While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity.
metallic material
A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed.
particulate matter formation process
An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere.
atmospheric aerosol formation
A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere.
formation of solid particles in an atmosphere
formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere
A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere.
formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere
formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere
formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere
An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets.
aerosolised liquids
An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles.
aerosolised solids
A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere.
atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol
formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere
formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere
formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere
A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere.
atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol
formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere
formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere
formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere
formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere
A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move.
tectonic movement
A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities.
tectonic plate
A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere.
tectonic plate boundary
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here.
ecosystem
Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead.
plant matter
A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants.
gas planet
An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure.
Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure.
ice
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water.
An axiom to express that the planet has a 'substantial' proportion of its mass in the form of water wound enhance this class.
While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b.
ocean planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice.
While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane.
ice planet
Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide.
carbon dioxide ice
A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium.
The placement of this class assumes that some traces of hydrogen are left in the atmosphere. If this is not the case, the axiom on gas planet must be updated.
A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet.
helium planet
A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet.
Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust
Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets.
volatile astrogeological material
An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium.
This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin.
astrogeological gas
A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms.
Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities.
geodiversity
An ecosystem which has been causally isolated from a larger ecosystem within which it was previously embedded, such that the direct exchange of materials, resources, and energy between these systems is severely or entirely curtailed.
Often, ecosystem fragments are unable to sustain themselves without human intervention and management as they are not large enough to perform self-sustaining functions (e.g. nutrient recycling) or hold sufficient ecological resources such as genetic diversity of populations.
ecosystem fragment
A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted.
ecosystem fragmentation process
A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective.
Umweltmaßnahme
active ecosystem management process
An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system.
environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate
Not currently live, may need to be switched to alternative PURLs.
Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7.
acidic soil
This class will be axiomatised with "alga" once an approach to handle this term's ambiguous semantics has been agreed with PCO.
An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates.
algal material
water surface
The surface layer of a mass of sediment.
sediment surface
An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it.
terrestrial environmental zone
A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities.
anthropised terrestrial environmental zone
A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock.
lithification
An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics.
grassland ecosystem
A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
wetland ecosystem
An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star.
stellar radiation
A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container.
water accumulation process
A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers.
"An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets."
office building
A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services.
"Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally."
commercial building
A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization.
office
A natural environment which is located on a land mass.
terrestrial natural environment
A natural environment which is within a water body.
aquatic natural environment
forest canopy
A canopy which is part of a woodland ecosystem.
woodland canopy
A canopy which is composed of the aboveground portion, or crowns, of a community of crop plants.
crop canopy
A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community.
canopy
An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover.
The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed.
forest ecosystem
An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement.
cropland ecosystem
An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory.
Woodland understories are often populated with communities of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. There are varying distinctions between woodland and forest, with a large degree of ambiguity.
woodland ecosystem
A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption.
Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge.
agricultural process
A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material.
liquid layer
A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid.
solid layer
A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice.
water ice layer
A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested
"Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia.
bush area
An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere.
atmospheric zone
A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities.
A liquid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water and is held in shape or sustained by an environmental process.
Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by"
A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air.
liquid air-water interface layer
A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid.
liquid surface layer
A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material.
solid surface layer
A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water.
This class has its subclasses populated by inference.
saline water body
A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged.
Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected.
advective transport process
A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides).
tidal flow process
An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited.
erosion
A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation.
desert
A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed.
aerosolised particle formation process
A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas.
primary aerosol formation process
An organic environmental material which is primarily composed of gill tissue.
gill tissue material
An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by the building envelope of a laboratory and in which a system of manufactured products exert control on one or more of its environmental conditions.
laboratory environment
A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.
research laboratory
laboratory facility
An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce.
Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia.
land conversion process
A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock.
This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil.
agricultural land conversion process
An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment.
There are multiple systems of land use classification. This hierarchy aims to be generally applicable, but national systems can be added on request.
land use process
A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
terrestrial mining
A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans.
anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process
A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem.
planned environmental usage process
A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem.
mining
A mining process which occurs in a marine ecosystem.
marine mining
A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body.
This may be either terrestrial or marine.
coal mining
A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle.
usage of an environment for transportation
A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities.
usage of an environment for infrastructure and utilities
A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans.
This class does not include environments which are primarily used for commerce or industry.
usage of an environment for residential activity
A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production.
This class includes environments used to support the facilities engaged with a broad variety of manufacturing activities from food and tobacco, to textiles, metals, vehicles, and chemicals.
usage of an environment for industry
A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service.
This class includes activities carried out in commercial offices, meeting centres, art studios, recording studios, film sets, warehouses, and distribution centres.
usage of an environment for business
A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries.
body of liquid
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material.
liquid astronomical body part
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of gaseous material.
gaseous astronomical body part
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid.
fluid astronomical body part
A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans.
domestic building
A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space.
land surface
surface of an astronomical body
A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere.
aircraft
An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface.
flattened elevation
A pollution process during which artificial light with wavelengths in the visible spectrum is released into the environment.
Lichtverschmutzung
This form of pollution is typically the result of urbanisation or similar land use change.
anthropogenic light pollution
An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product.
radiation from a manufactured product
Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted.
optical radiation from a manufactured product
visible spectrum radiation from a manufactured product
A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects.
Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question.
material congelation process
Land which is below the freezing point of water.
Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load.
frozen land
Soil which is below the freezing point of water.
frozen soil
A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point.
freezing
A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice.
freezing of water into water ice
A water surface that is part of a water body.
surface layer of a water body
An aggregate of raindrops falling to a planetary surface during a precipitation process.
rain
Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process.
water-based rain
An ecoregion which is located on a landmass.
terrestrial ecoregion
A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea.
envoPlastics
At this level, the depth of this layer is ambiguous. Some methods (telemetry) measure only the first few centimeters of the sea or ocean surface. In situ methods often sample the first few meters. Subclasses can be created for such cases. Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans.
sea surface layer
A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass.
Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength.
water current
cryospheric layer
Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice.
ice-bearing permafrost
A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases.
This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved.
snow accumulation process
A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass.
ice accumulation process
A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass.
snow and ice accumulation process
A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice.
mass of ice and snow
A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere.
formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere
formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere
That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material.
gaseous part of an atmosphere
A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure.
amorphous solid
An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere.
atmospheric aerosol
A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol.
aerosol formation process
A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas.
fluid surface layer
A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface.
fluid interface layer
A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid.
fluid layer
A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties.
fluid front
A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses.
gaseous front
A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena.
This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms."
weather front
An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air.
air mass
A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material.
gaseous surface layer
A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface.
interface layer
An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material
This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types.
mass of environmental material
An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material
mass of solid material
An object which is composed primarily of a fluid.
fluid mass
mass of fluid
An object which is composed primarily of a gas.
gaseous mass
mass of gas
An object which is composed primarily of a liquid.
liquid mass
mass of liquid
An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity.
mass of compounded environmental materials
A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin.
envoAtmo
envoPolar
polar front
An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year.
tropical environment
An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation.
subtropical environment
An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions.
polar environment
An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions.
subpolar environment
An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions.
temperate environment
An advective transport process during which a fluid moves.
mass fluid flow
A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion.
straight-line wind
A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation.
This is a very general concept, and should likely be elevated to OBO Core rather than held in ENVO.
structural collapse process
An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space.
subsurface zone of an astronomical body
An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert.
desert ecosystem
A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body.
part of a landmass
A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass.
landmass
A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities.
compound astronomical body part
A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water.
land
aquatic ecosystem
marine ecosystem
An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land.
terrestrial ecosystem
A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate conditions.
tropical broadleaf forest
A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate conditions.
temperate broadleaf forest
An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem.
ecosystem process
A mixed forest which is subject to temperate climatic conditions.
temperate mixed forest
A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions.
tropical mixed forest
A tropical mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state.
tropical mixed forest biome
A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions.
This class is primarily to be populated by inference.
tropical forest
A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions.
subtropical forest
A forest ecosystem which is subject to temperate climate conditions.
temperate forest
A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions.
tropical grassland
A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions.
subtropical grassland
temperate grassland
A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine.
construction
An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material.
organic object
An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted.
ecological succession
An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles.
climactic ecological succession
An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact.
anthropised ecosystem
An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions.
human settlement
A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions.
tropical biome
A biome which is subject to temperate climatic conditions.
temperate biome
A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions.
subtropical biome
A biome which is subject to subpolar climatic conditions.
subpolar biome
A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions.
alpine biome
A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions.
montane biome
A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions.
arid biome
A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity.
energy transfer process
A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases.
liquid accumulation process
An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull.
According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds.
wind gust
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere.
concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere
A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body.
geographic feature
The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface.
surface landform
A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body.
Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it.
landform
A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water.
water-holding capacity
A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate.
particle
A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay.
clay particle
particle of clay
A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume.
Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow.
convective transport process
A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume.
convective
A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them.
advective
A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
diffusion
Diffusion is also applied to the movement of energy, thus the more specific label. This class will be repositioned (but with the core of its definition intact) if we include other forms of diffusion in ENVO.
material diffusion process
A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock.
The primary uranium ore mineral is uraninite
Dust which is derived from mineral material.
Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material.
Dust which is derived from clay material.
A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.
A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.
nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power.
nuclear power reactor
An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them.
fluid environmental material
A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants.
This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation.
environmental system process
A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.
desertification
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water.
flooding
GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301
A process which occurs within an atmosphere.
This class will be populated by inference and is primarily organisational.
atmospheric process
A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land.
An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised.
This could include, for example, reducing soil health, pollinator activity, or an ecosystem's ability to sequester carbon.
Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land.
Prior to afforestation, the land cover of a region must not include forests.
An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed.
To be populated through inference. Do not use for annotation.
A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process.
Relabel the obo foundry unique label to be generic process
anthropogenic modulatory intervention process
An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans.
An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited.
An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant.
This classes asserted subclasses will be moved away as it should be an inferred class.
A planned process during which human agents establish plant communities in ecosystems which have previously been, partially or wholly, stripped of existing plant communities.
An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment.
Pollutants may be material or immaterial (e.g. heat energy)
A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air.
A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil.
A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water.
An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed.
A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated.
A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution.
A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together.
compaction process
A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases.
Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process.
material accumulation process
A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location.
Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation.
material transport process
A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed.
The general semantics of depression and geographic basin are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486
geographic basin
Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.
soot
Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor.
Particles of marine sediment are primarily generated by 1) processes in terrestrial systems and transported to the marine realm by the action of rivers or aeolian processes (amongst other routes) , 2) marine organisms, 3) chemical processes in seawater, or 4) cosmogeneous input.
marine sediment
A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface.
sedimentation in a water body
A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials.
A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies.
Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another.
material transformation process
A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice.
desublimation of water vapour into ice
A solid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice.
Place holder class. Also the axiom should be changed to something along the lines of 'primairly composed of’ some ‘environmental material’ and ‘has quality’ frozen once PATO:frozen is imported.
cryoform
snow mass
A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface.
On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes.
acid rainfall
Water-based rain which has increased acidity.
acidic water-based rain
An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form.
For the moment the definition links to liquid water but in the future we might need to link to other materials for other planets, e.g., Mars. Need to make this planet agnostic. Might want to not have the definition link to years as some astronomical body parts might not be in systems with years. Note that in a strict sense, rocks are also frozen but in a practical sense we use terms like "solidified". This maybe something to revist if we add more astrogelogical content.
The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link]
cryosphere
A human construction in which healthcare is provided.
health facility
medical facility
healthcare facility
A human construction specially designed for a specific purpose.
facility
Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays.
radioactive material
A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array.
snowflake
snow crystal
Snow crystals and snowflakes are often noted as synonyms, however, the term "snowflake" is generally used more loosely. Some sites mention that snow crystals refer to individual crystals of ice, while the term "snowflake" can refer both to an individual crystal of ice and to a bundle of snow crystals. Please see here [https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/998#issuecomment-685649444]
Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant.
See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1102 for a possible design pattern. Uses undesirability standard, compared to polluted river's ecological impact standard. What is the relation to ENVO:00002114 'chemically enriched sediment'? Does 'element' in the definition refer to something found in the periosic table (like selenium) or the member of some set, aka an entity?
chemically contaminated sediment
A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes.
Getting an example of use could be helpful. Are some environmental samples collected from the outside of a pipe or its fittings? Or taken from inside the pipe? Removing "transport" from the label may make the labels of sublasses more readable. However, "pipeline" alone could mean several unrelated things, like software pipelines. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-pipelines.php uses the term "pipeline network". ALSO could this be a transport feature? Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1111.
Pipeline networks typically materials either from 1) a production area to a market area for consumption, 2) a production area to an area for waste disposal.
pipeline network
A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings.
not placing under 'pond' class becasue contents may not be primarily be composed of water. consider revising 'pond' semantics
tailings pond
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil.
concentration of carbon dioxide in soil
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air.
concentration of carbon dioxide in air
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater.
concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater
Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms.
soil organic matter
A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil.
soil surface layer
A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage
compacted soil
A layer that is composed primarily of soil.
soil layer
Texture which inheres in soil.
soil texture
Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil.
soil water-holding capacity
water-holding capacity of soil
The concentration of a clay when measured in soil.
The concentration of a slit when measured in soil.
The concentration of a sand when measured in soil.
The concentration of a liquid water when measured in soil.
soil moisture content
soil water content
The concentration of a salt when measured in soil.
The concentration of a soil organic matter when measured in soil.
concentration of soil organic matter in soil
The temperature of some environmental material.
The quality of a environmental system process.
soil pH
The generation of energy for use by humans
A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass.
Consider replacing with PATO class; note that PATO class is not a disposition. This should likely go into OBO Core and also have a physicist look at it.
Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.
Energy which is realised through motion.
Energy which is the sum of 1) kinetic energy and 2) potential energy.
potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions).
Potential energy which is stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation.
Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles.
A form of disordered mechanical energy.
Thermal energy which propagates through a solid (typically rocky) astronomical body.
Often, this term is used specifically for thermal energy spreading from heat sources (e.g. magma chambers, the planetary core) within the Earth. However, it is also used for extraterrestrial bodies.
A power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity.
An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity.
The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water.
concentration of dioxygen in liquid water
The concentration of dioxygen when measured in sea water.
The concentration of oxygen when measured in soil.
The concentration of iron molecular entity when measured in soil.
soil iron molecular entity concentration
concentration of iron molecular entity in soil
The concentration of sodium molecular entity when measured in soil.
soil sodium molecular entity concentration
concentration of sodium molecular entity in soil
The concentration of organic molecular entity when measured in soil.
soil organic molecular entity concentration
concentration of organic molecular entity in soil
An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event.
An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stimulus during an exposure event.
An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor.
The earth, all of the organisms living on it, and all of the environmental factors, which act on the organisms. The volume of area where biological matter can exist, slightly above, on or below ground level.
MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats.
An exposure_receptor that is a group of Homo sapiens inhabiting a given area.
The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency).
Being or characteristic of a single thing or person.
An attribute describing some aspect of an individual or human population.
How long something or someone has existed; elapsed time since birth.
Other conditions with the power to have an effect on health status.
The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female.
A sequence feature (continuous extent of biological sequence) that is of genomic origin (i.e. carries sequence from the genome of a cell or organism)
This class was created largely as a modeling convenience to support organizing data for schema definitions. We may consider obsoleting it if it ends up causing confusion or complicating classification of terms in the ontology.
1. A feature being 'of genomic origin' here means only that its sequence has been located to the genome of some organism by alignment with some reference genome. This is because the sequence was originally identified in, or artificially created to replicate, sequence from an organism's genome. 2. The location of a genomic feature is defined by start and end coordinates based on alignment with a reference genome. Genomic features can span any size from a complete chromosome, to a chromosomal band or region, to a gene, to a single base pair or even junction between base pairs (this would be a sequence feature with an extent of zero). 3. As sequence features, instances of genomic features are identified by both their inherent *sequence* and their *position* in a genome - as determined by an alignment with some reference sequence. Accordingly, the 'ATG' start codon in the coding DNA sequence of the human AKT gene and the 'ATG' start codon in the human SHH gene represent two distinct genomic features despite having he same sequence, in virtue of their different positions in the genome.
genomic feature
1. The set of all alleles at a particular location in a genome (a 'single locus complement') - e.g. {APOE-epsilon2 / APOE-epsilon4} at the APOE locus 2. The set of all alleles that comprise a haplotype - e.g. the SNPs {rs7412-T, rs429358-T} in the APOEɛ2 allele. 3. The set of all chromosomes in a genome - e.g. {human Chr1, 2, 3, . . . 22, X, Y}
'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'mathematical sets'. Sets may also include duplicates (i.e. contain more than one member representing the same feature). The notion of a 'complement' is a special case of a set, where the members necessarily comprise an exhaustive collection of all objects that make up some well-defined set. It is useful for defining many biologically-relevant sets of sequence features. For example, a 'haplotype' is the set of all genetically-linked alleles on a single chromosomal strand at a defined location - e.g. the SNP alleles {rs7412-C, rs429358-C} comprise the haplotype defining the APOEɛ4 gene allele [1]. And a 'single locus complement' is the set of all alleles at a specified location in a particular genome - e.g. the APOEɛ4 and APOEɛ4 gene alleles ([1], [2]) that make up the 'Gs270' APOE genotype [3]. [1] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/APOE-%CE%B54 [2] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/APOE-%CE%B52 [3] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Gs270
sequence feature set
A set of genomic features (i.e. sequence features that are of genomic origin).
In some cases there may be zero or only one member of such a complement, which is why this class is not defened to necessarily have some 'genomic feature' as a member.
A genomic feature is any located sequence feature in the genome, from a single nucleotide to a gene into an entire chromosome. 'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member - e.g. the set of chromosomes that make up the human genome. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'mathematical sets'. For example, a 'single locus complement' at an X-linked locus in a XY male will consist of only one allele, as there is only one X-chromosome in the genome. Note also that sets may contain duplicates (i.e. more than one member representing the same feature). For example, a homozygous 'single locus complement' is a set comprised of two of the same feature. The notion of a 'genomic feature set' differs from that of a 'genomic sequence set' in that we are counting how many copies of the same *sequence feature* exist in a genome, as opposed to how many of the same *sequence*. 'Genomic feature sets are useful for representing things like 'single locus complements', where members are sequence features whose identity is dependent on their location. By contrast, 'genomic sequence sets' are useful for describing things like 'copy number complements', which are concerned only with how many copies of a sequence exist in a genome, regardless of the location where these reside.
genomic feature set
A sequence feature or a set of such features.
GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic position if the sequence (aligns with definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material bearing the feature, extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic position. For example, its being targeted by gene knockdown reagents, its being transgenically expressed in a foreign cell from a recombinant expression construct, its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern, or its being located in a specific cellular or anatomical location.
sequence feature or set
A linear ordering of units representing monomers of a biological macromolecule (e.g. nucleotides in DNA and RNA, amino acids in polypeptides).
GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern).
'Sequences' differ from 'sequence features' in that instances are distinguished only by their inherent ordering of units, and not by any positional aspect related to alignment with some reference sequence. Accordingly, the 'ATG' translational start codon of the human AKT gene is the same *sequence* as the 'ATG' start codon of the human SHH gene, but these represent two distinct *sequence features* in virtue of their different positions in the genome.
biological sequence
In the VMC model, the notion of a GENO:biological sequence is called the 'state' of an allele.
A sequence feature (or collection of features) whose identity is dependent on the context or state of its material bearer (in addition to its sequence an position). This context/state describes factors external to its inherent sequence and position that can influences its expression, such as being targeted by gene-knockdown reagents, or an epigenetic modification.
qualified sequence feature or collection
Consider wild-type zebrafish shha gene in the context of being targeted by morpholino MO-1 vs morpholino MO-2 in separate experiments. These shha genes share identical sequence and position, but represent distinct instances of a 'qualified sequence feature' because of their different external contexts. This is important because these qualified features could have distinct phenotypes associated with them (just as two different sequence variants (alleles) of the same gene can have potentially different associated phenotypes).
A qualified sequence feature that carries sequence derived from the genome of a cell or organism.
qualified genomic feature
This axiom is an initial attempt to formalize the identity criteria of an extrinnsic context that separates qualified sequence features from sequence features (i.e. the context of its material bearer). As we further develop our efforts here this will get refined and more precise.
Formalizes one identity criteria of the sequence feature component of a qualified sequence feature (which itself is identified by its sequence and its genomic position).
A set of qualified sequence features that carry genomic sequence.
Because there are cases there may be zero or only one member of such a set, this class is not asserted to necessarily have some 'qualified genomic feature' as a member.
A 'complement' refers to an exhaustive collection of all objects that make up some well-defined set. This notion is useful for defining biologically-relevant sets of sequence features. For example, a haplotype is defined as the set of all genetically-linked alleles on a single chromosomal strand at a defined location - e.g. the SNP alleles {rs7412-C, rs429358-C} comprise the haplotype defining the APOEɛ4 gene allele. A complements may contain 0, 1, or more than one members. For example, the complement of alleles at a defined locus across homologous chromosomes in an individual's genome will consist of two members for autosomal locations, and one member for non-homologous locations on the X and Y chromosome.
qualified genomic feature set
The location of a sequence feature as defined by its start and end position on some reference coordinate system.
1. A sequence feature location is defined by its begin and end coordinates on a reference sequence, but it is not identified by a particular sequence that may reside there. The same location, as defined on a particular reference, may be occupied by different sequences in the genome of organism 1 vs that of organism 2 (e.g. if a SNV exists within this location in only one of the organisms). 2. The notion of a sequence feature location in the realm of biological sequences is analogous to a BFO:spatiotemporal region in the realm of physical entities. A spatiotemporal region can be 'occupied by' physical objects, while a genomic location is 'occupied by' sequence features. Just as a spatiotemporal region is distinct from an object that occupies it, so too a genomic location is distinct from a sequence feature that occupies it. As a more concrete example, consider the distinction between a street address and the building that occupies it as analogous to the relationship between a genomic locus and the sequence feature that resides there.
sequence feature location
An generically dependent continuant that carries biological sequence that is part of or derived from a genome.
An abstract/organizational class to support data modeling, that includes genomic features, genomic feature complements, qualified genomic features and their complements, as well as genotypes that denote such entities.
genomic entity
The location of a sequence feature in a genome, defined by its start and end position on some reference genomic coordinate system
In GENO, the notion of a Genomic Location (aka Genomic Locus) plays the same role as that of a FALDO:Region in the design pattern for describing the location of a feature of interest. We define this specific GENO class because the ontological nature of FALDO:Region class is not clear in the context of the BFO and SO-based GENO model. We will work to resolve these questions and ideally converge these concepts in the future. We don't link a Genomic Location to a specific reference sequence because in the FALDO model (which GENO adopts with the exception of swapping GENO:Genomic Locus for FALDO:Region), allows the start and end positions of a region to be defined on separate reference sequences. So while a given Location is conceptually associated with a single reference, in practice it can be pragmatic to define start and stop on different references sequences.
In practice, GENO advocates describing biology at the level of genomic features - i.e. define specific terms for genes as genomic features, and not duplicate representation of the loci where each gene resides. So we might define a class representing the human Shh gene as a 'genomic feature', but not parallel this with a 'human Shh gene locus' class. The utility of the 'genomic locus' class in the ontology is primarily to be clear about the distinction, but we would only use it in modeling data if absolutely needed. For example, we would define an 'HLA gene block' as a subclass of 'genomic feature', and assert that HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes are part/subsequences of this HLA gene block (as opposed to modeling this as an 'HLA locus' and asserting that the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes occupy this locus).
1. A genomic location (aka locus) is defined by its begin and end coordinates on a reference genome, independent of a particular sequence that may reside there. In GENO, we say that a genomic location is occupied_by a 'sequence feature' - where the identity of this feature depends on both it sequence, and its location in the genome (i.e. the locus it occupies). For example, the 'ATG' sequence beginning the ORF of the human SHH gene shares the *same sequence* as the 'ATG' beginning the ORF of the human AKT gene. But these are *distinct sequence features* because they occupy different genomic locations. 2. A given genomic location (e.g. the human SHH gene locus) may be occupied by different alleles (e.g. different alleles of the SHH gene). Within the genome of a single diploid organism, there is potential for two alleles to exist at such a locus (i.e. two different versions of the SHH gene). And across genomes of all members of a species, many more alleles of the SHH gene may exist and occupy this same locus. 3. The notion of a genomic location in the realm of biological sequences is analogous to a BFO:spatiotemporal region in the realm of physical entities. A spatiotemporal region can be occupied_by physical objects, while a genomic location is occupied_by sequence features. Just as a spatiotemporal region is distinct from an object that occupies it, so too a genomic locus is distinct from a sequence feature that occupies it. As a more concrete example, consider the distinction between a street address and the building that occupies it as analogous to the relationship between a genomic location and the feature that resides there.
genomic feature location
A material entity that is an organism, derived from an organism, or composed of organisms (e.g. a cell line, biosample, tissue culture, population, etc).
useful organizational term to collect entities that have genomes/genotypes.
organismal entity
A sequence feature whose identity is additionally dependent on the context or state of the material sequence molecule in which the feature is concretized. This context/state describes factors external to the feature's intrinsic sequence and position that can influences its expression, such as being targeted by gene-knockdown reagents, or an epigenetic modification.
GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical state or context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern).
Modeling sequence entities at this 'qualified' level is useful for distinguishing cases where features with identical sequence and position as separate instances - based on their material bearers being found in different contexts. For example, consider a situation where the zebrafish shha gene (a sequence feature) is targeted in two experimental groups of fish by two different morpholinos, and phenotypes are assessed for each. We want to be able to represent two 'variants' of the shha gene in this scenario as separate 'qualified sequence feature' instances so we can capture data about the phenotypes resulting from each - just as we would separately represent to different sequence variants (alleles) of the shha gene at the sequence feature level so that we can track their associated phenotypes.
qualified sequence feature
'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'matehmatical sets'.
qualified sequence feature set
A biolocical sequence, or set of such sequences.
biological sequence or set
A biological sequence that is of genomic origin (i.e. carries sequence from the genome of a cell or organism).
A sequence being 'of genomic origin' here means only that it has been located to the genome of some organism by alignment with some reference genomic sequence. This is because the sequence was originally identified in, or artificially created to replicate, sequence from an organism's genome.
genomic sequence
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
This is the same as GO molecular function
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex.
gene product or complex activity
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
biological process
A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism transforms chemical substances. This includes including anabolism (biosynthetic process) and catabolism (catabolic process). Metabolic processes includes the transformation of small molecules, as well macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, protein synthesis and degradation.
Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions.
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term.
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
This is not covalently bonded, which conflicts with changes to the parent definition.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell.
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.
A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex.
Components are larger than individual macromolecular entities. It is tricky to define distinction between 'cell component' and 'macromolecular entity', e.g. ribosome. We would like to exclude most protein complexes.
Overlaps with some cellular components from GO
measurement unit label
Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
objective specification
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
PERSON: Barry Smith
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
goal specification
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
datum label
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
GROUP: IAO
9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.
software
Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.
see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
GROUP: OBI
information carrier
In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case.
A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content
12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'.
2014-03-10: We are not certain that all information carriers are qualities. There was a discussion of dropping it.
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
data
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
an information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
Pier: 'data, information or knowledge'. OR 'representation'
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
scalar measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
directive information entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
dot plot
Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H.
A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions.
person:Allyson Lister
person:Chris Stoeckert
graph
A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies.
A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg)
curation status specification
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
source code module
The written source code that implements part of an algorithm. Test - if you know that it was written in a specific language, then it can be source code module. We mean here, roughly, the wording of a document such as a perl script.
A source code module is a directive information entity that specifies, using a programming language, some algorithm.
data format specification
A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file
2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file"
OBI branch derived
data set
Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
image
An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface.
data about an ontology part
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
plan specification
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
Clint Dowland
2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them
measurement datum
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
material information bearer
A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier.
a brain
a hard drive
A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres.
histogram
A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes.
PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
PERSON:James Malone
heatmap
A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map.
dendrogram
Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes.
A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrogram
scatter plot
Comparison of gene expression values in two samples can be displayed in a scatter plot
A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.
scattergraph
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterplot
obsolescence reason specification
The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
figure
Any picture, diagram or table
An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something.
diagram
A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space.
A figure that expresses one or more propositions
document
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
length measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality
denotator type
The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters
documenting
Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database.
A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it.
6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape
Bjoern Peters
wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting
Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for imports of virus types from relevant ontologies or terminologies.
A quantitative confidence value that refers to an interval give values within which there is a high probability (95 percent by convention) that the true population value can be found. The calculation of a confidence interval considers the standard deviation of the data and the number of observations. Thus, a confidence interval narrows as the number of observations increases, or its variance (dispersion) decreases.
WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/glossary-of-common-biostatistical-and-epidemiological-terms
A data item that is more specifically a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.
set of data sets
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)
A data item that consists of two or more data sets that are produced as the output of a data transformation.
set of transformed data sets
A data set that is produced as the output of a data transformation.
transformed data set
A data item that is produced as the output of a data transformation.
transformed data item
A categorical value specification that is used to record the destruction of an organism cells or tissues by the organisms' own enzymes or processes with nominal categories ranging from none to severe.
Add instances 0-non, 1-slight, 2-moderate, 3-severe
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis, Jie Zheng
A data item that contains the outcome of a survey.
Alice Nzinga
survey data
A plan specification that is realized by process of gathering information (e.g. by asking questions).
survey plan specification
A planned process that realizes the concretization of a survey to generate an output(survey data.)
survey execution
A specimen that is normal.
normal specimen
A Homo sapiens who contributes specimen.
sample donor
specimen donor
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for experimental techniques and processes, defined in GENO or imported from ontologies such as OBI and ERO.
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
obsolete planned process
Fact sheet - Regulating the companies The role of the regulator. Ofwat is the economic regulator of the water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/aptrix/ofwat/publish.nsf/Content/roleofregulator_factsheet170805
a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders
Person:Jennifer Fostel
OBI
regulator role
regulatory role
Regulatory agency, Ethics committee, Approval letter; example: Browse these EPA Regulatory Role subtopics http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/enviregulatoryrole.html Feb 29, 2008
a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body.
GROUP: Role branch
OBI, CDISC
govt agents responsible for creating regulations; proxies for enforcing regulations. CDISC definition: regulatory authorities. Bodies having the power to regulate. NOTE: In the ICH GCP guideline the term includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections. These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent
Jackson Labs is an organization which provide mice as experimental material
a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation.
Supplier role is a special kind of service, e.g. biobank
PERSON:Jennifer Fostel
material supplier role
A data set that is produced as the output of a class prediction data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned class labels.
classified data set
processed material
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
investigation
Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation
a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s).
Could add specific objective specification
Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding "achieves objective of drawing conclusion" as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core editor = PRS
Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding achieves objective of drawing conclusion as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core editor = PRS
evaluant role
When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
assay
Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683.
measuring
scientific observation
quantitative confidence value
A data item which is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty about a measurement.
A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer.
A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
material transformation
he THERAPIST has the ability to print a separate statement for the patient and each responsible party. http://www.beaverlog.com/therapist/ez_support/billing/responsible_party_statements.htm
a study personnel role played by a party who is accountable for the execution of a study component and can make decisions about the conduct of the study
Person: Jennifer Fostel
responsible party role
a responsible party role played by a person responsible for the overall conduct of a study
CDISC definition: A person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site. If a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site, the investigator is the responsible leader of the team and may be called the principal investigator. 2. The individual principal investigator. 2. The individual under whose immediate direction the test article is administered or dispensed to, or used involving, a subject, or, in the event of an investigation conducted by a team of individuals, is See also sponsor-investigator.; Leiter der klinischen Prufung.Under the German Drug Law, the physician who is head of the clinical investigation (CDISC): coordinating investigator (CDISC) (also study coordinator, MUSC); sponsor-investigator. An individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to, dispensed to, or used by a subject.NOTE: The term does not include any person other than an individual, hence not a corporation, agency (CDISC)
principal investigator role
liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient.
A role borne by a material entity that is obtained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by performing measurements or observations on the specimen.
a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen.
parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject.
specimen role
The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress.
A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen.
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
GROUP: Role Branch
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
plan
The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
AR, BP, JM, MC, PRS
branch derived
protocol
PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR.
A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.
OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29)
Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene.
A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion
drawing a conclusion based on data
The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software.
a process of creating or modifying a plan specification
7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'.
planning
light emission function
A light emission function is an excitation function to excite a material to a specific excitation state that it emits light.
excitation function
A excitation function is a function to inject energy by bombarding a material with energetic particles (e.g., photons) thereby imbuing internal material components such as electrons with additional energy. These internal, 'excited' particles may lead to the rupturing of covalent chemical bonds or may quickly relax back to there unexcited state with an exponential time course thereby locally emitting energy in the form of photons.
reverse transcriptase
enzyme and has_function some GO:0003964 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity)
enzyme
(protein or rna) or has_part (protein or rna) and has_function some GO:0003824 (catalytic activity)
MC: known issue: enzyme doesn't classify under material entity for now as it isn't stated that anything that has_part some material entity is a material entity. If we add as equivalent classes to material entity has_part some material entity and part_of some material entity (each one in his own necessary and sufficient block) Pellet in P3 doesn't classify any more.
the objective to determine the weight of a mouse.
an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role)
assay objective
regulatory agency
A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector of the government.
The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS.
an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials.
artifact creation objective
material transformation objective
A planned process with the objective to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use.
Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process
A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process
Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR
This includes a single scientist making a processed material for personal use.
manufacturing
is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device)
manufacturing objective
injecting a mouse with PBS solution, weighing it, and recording the weight according to a study design.
a planned process that carries out a study design
removed axiom has_part some (assay or 'data transformation') per discussion on protocol application mailing list to improve reasoner performance. The axiom is still desired.
6/11/9: edited at workshop. Used to be: study design execution is a process with the objective to generate data according to a concretized study design. The execution of a study design is part of an investigation, and minimally consists of an assay or data transformation.
With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
A clustered data set is the output of a K means clustering data transformation
A data set that is produced as the output of a class discovery data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned discovered class labels.
data set with assigned discovered class labels
clustered data set
a portion of urine collected from an organism
4/10/2011BP: It seems to me that the editor notes refer to a previous version, and are no longer relevant.
This could be instead a kind of collection of secreted stuff. Among secreted stuff there is passive, and active. urine is secreted, passiv. lavage is secreted, active
are we happy calling collection of urine a material separation?
blood drawn from a human for glucose assay
a material entity derived from a portion of blood collected from an organism
drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation
drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation, collecting a stone from a site
A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
A planned process with the objective to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input upon which measurements or observations are performed.
Definition updated following discussion on 2024-10-07 OBI dev call.
Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role.
Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process.
label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/
5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession
class prediction data transformation
A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction.
supervised classification data transformation
PERSON: James Malone
a material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole
we need to work on this: Is taking a urine sample a material separation process? If not, we will need to specify what 'taking a sample from organism' entails. We can argue that the objective to obtain a urine sample from a patient is enough to call it a material separation process, but it could dilute what material separation was supposed to be about.
The objective to collect bits of excrement in the rainforest. The objective to obtain a blood sample from a patient.
A objective specification that is fulfilled by obtaining a material entity for potential use as an input upon which measurements or observations are performed.
A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
OBI recommends against subclassing this term in order to avoid further parallel hierarchies between this term and specimen collection process.
A support vector machine is a data transformation with a class prediction objective based on the construction of a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two data sets of vectors in n-dimensional space.
A decision tree induction objective is a data transformation objective in which a tree-like graph of edges and nodes is created and from which the selection of each branch requires that some type of logical decision is made.
decision tree building data transformation
A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction.
a software that provides access to more than 100 tools for gene expression analysis, proteomics, SNP analysis and common data processing tasks.
WEB: http://www.broadinstitute.org/cancer/software/genepattern/
Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold
k-nearest neighbors
A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned.
James Malone
CART
A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure.
BOOK: David J. Hand, Heikki Mannila and Padhraic Smyth (2001) Principles of Data Mining.
Using the expression levels of 20 proteins to predict whether a cancer patient will respond to a drug. A practical goal would be to determine which subset of the 20 features should be used to produce the best predictive model. - wikipedia
A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set.
A person or organization that has a manufacturer role
material obtained through a liver biopsy from a human patient
a specimen that was taken from a live organism
a specimen that was taken from a dead organism
type of sample used in the PCIRN influenza network
A specimen obtained by inserting a swab deeply into the vent of the cloaca of an organism and vigorously swabbing the wall. The swab should be deeply stained with fecal material and is then placed in transport medium.
WEB: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/EFD2B9A7-2265-4AD0-BC98-97937B4FA83C/0/manualonanimalaidiagnosisandsurveillance.pdf
A specimen which derives from nasopharyngeal mucosa after aspiration.
A specimen obtained using a cotton swab on a stick, passed up the nostril to obtain a sample of exudate and epithelial debris for microbiological or cellular examination.
Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer.
is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person
A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells.
A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified.
A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study.
The labels 'positive' vs. 'negative', or 'left handed', 'right handed', 'ambidexterous', or 'strongly binding', 'weakly binding' , 'not binding', or '+++', '++', '+', '-' etc. form scales of categorical labels.
A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale.
A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function.
An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure.
A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent.
2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of "device", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform. 2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example: (1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part. (2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay. (3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel. In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay.
An organism has been injected 1ml of vaccine
A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses.
A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.
JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not.
Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is))
PERSON: Jessica Turner
Merriam-Webster
A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics)
A device which has a function to emit light.
A device that is used to generate X-rays.
A specimen primarily composed of a cell or cells collected from a multicellular organism or a cell culture.
Discussed on obi call Jan 23, 2017. To improve cell specimen that include single cell specimen. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/828
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng, Alexander Diehl
specimen from organism
A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm).
tissue specimen
specimen with pre- or post-mortem status
A specimen that has been established to be taken from a live (pre-mortem) or dead (post-mortem) organism.
organizational term, used in description of specimen that is created from known pre- or post-mortem status
The conclusion that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. The conclusion that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. The conclusion that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from pure mathematics, e.g. "13 is prime".
An information content entity that is inferred from data.
In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate.
A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
collection of specimens
Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study.
A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
A cell specimen that contains only one cell.
Requested by Sirarat Sarntivijai (EBI). Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/828/
histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th Edition grading system.
histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System
A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System.
Histologic Grade (Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System)
A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a ovarian tumor.
histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors.
histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a histological classification by the World Health Organization (WHO).
pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pT: Pathologic spread colorectal primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pT: Pathologic spread lung primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pT: Pathologic spread kidney primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pT: Pathologic spread ovarian primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pN: Pathologic spread colon lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pN: Pathologic spread kidney lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pN: Pathologic spread ovarian lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
M: colon distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
M: lung distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
M: kidney distant Metastases (AJCC 7th Edition)
pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
M: ovarian distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition)
clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v7 staging systems.
Clinical tumor stage group (AJCC 7th Edition)
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification
A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems.
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the FIGO classification system.
Pathologic Tumor Stage Grouping for ovarian cancer (FIGO)
A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life).
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification
A performance status value specification designed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group to assess disease progression and its affect on the daily living abilities of the patient.
A performance status value specification designed for classifying patients 16 years of age or older by their functional impairment.
A specimen that is derived from amniotic fluid.
A specimen that is derived from bile.
A specimen that is derived from cerbrospinal fluid.
A specimen that is derived from feces.
digestive system fluid or secretion specimen
A specimen that is derived from digestive system fluid or secretion.
A specimen that is derived from milk.
A specimen that is derived from pericardial fluid.
A specimen that is derived from saliva.
A specimen that is derived from sputum.
A specimen that is derived from sweat.
A specimen that is derived from synovial fluid.
A specimen that is derived from vireous humor.
A specimen that is derived from bone marrow.
A specimen that is derived from placenta.
A specimen that is derived from peritoneal fluid.
A specimen that is derived from pleural fluid.
A specimen that is derived from brain.
A specimen that is derived from hair.
A specimen that is derived from prostate gland.
A specimen that is derived from skeletal muscle.
A specimen that is derived from heart.
A specimen that is derived from renal medulla.
A specimen that is derived from adrenal gland.
A specimen that is derived from breast.
A specimen that is derived from urinary bladder.
A specimen that is derived from tibial artery.
A specimen that is derived from skin.
A specimen that is derived from pancreas.
A specimen that is derived from stomach.
A specimen that is derived from pituitary gland.
A specimen that is derived from adipose tissue.
A specimen that is derived from cortex of kidney.
A specimen that is derived from esophagus mucosa.
A specimen that is derived from colon.
A specimen that is derived from lung.
A specimen that is derived from esophagus muscularis mucosa.
A specimen that is derived from cerebral cortex.
A specimen that is derived from thyroid gland.
A specimen that is derived from cerebellum.
A specimen that is derived from tibial nerve.
A specimen that is derived from coronary artery.
A specimen that is derived from spleen.
A specimen that is derived from aorta.
A specimen that is derived from the atrium auricular region.
A specimen that is derived from the esophagogastric junction.
A specimen that is derived from ileum.
A specimen that is derived from liver.
A specimen that is derived from minor salivary gland.
A specimen that is derived from omentum.
A specimen that is derived from female gonad.
A specimen that is derived from sigmoid colon.
A specimen that is derived from suprapubic skin.
A specimen that is derived from testis.
A specimen that is derived from uterus.
A specimen that is derived from vagina.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of an areola of a breast.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a breast.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the cheek portion of the inside surface of a mouth.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a nasopharynx.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the inside surface of a mouth.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a oropharynx.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a rectum.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a tongue.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a vagina.
A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a feces.
A specimen used in a blood meal assay to determine what is the source of blood ingested by a mosquito.
A specimen of the blood ingested by an arthropod.
The mosquito feeds on a human for example, ingests the blood of the human, this blood is then taken from the tummy of a mosquito and a PCR may be run on this specimen to identify that the mosquito definitely fed on a human.
A sputum specimen that is collected from an organism following its inhalation of a nebulized salt solution.
A blood plasma specimen that is the output of some platelet-poor plasma preparation and is the portion of plasma that contains fewer than 10,000 platelets per microliter.
A specimen that is collected with a suctioning tube from the trachea.
A specimen that is collected with a mid-turbinate nasal swab from the turbinate area of the nasal cavity.
A specimen that is collected with a suctioning tube from the nasal cavity.
lower respiratory tract aspirate specimen
A specimen that is collected with a suctioning tube from the lower respiratory tract.
A specimen that is derived from the lower respiratory tract.
A specimen that is derived from the anterior nasal wall
A specimen that derives from a biofilm that forms on the inner surface of an endotracheal tube while the tube is in the trachea. The specimen is collected upon removal of the tube from the trachea.
A specimen that derives from a biofilm that forms on the inner surface of an endotracheal tube while the tube is in the trachea. The specimen is collected by suction without removing the tube.
A length measurement datum between a point at sea or ground level and some point above it.
Adapted from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/altitude
A person or organization that provides material supplies to other people or organizations.
A blood specimen that is located in a vacutainer.
A blood specimen that is located on a filter paper.
A specimen that is derived from placental blood.
peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimen
A processed specimen that is extracted from whole blood using gradient centrifugation that separates the blood into a layer of peripheral blood mononuclear cells under the top layer of plasma. It contains lymphocytes, monocytes or macrophages that are critical components in the immune system.
A specimen that is derived from a portion of lymph collected from an organism.
A specimen that is derived from part of a digestive tract.
A specimen collected through nasal cavity lavage that contains the reagents used to for the lavage process, organisms, cells, cellular secretions, and other biomaterials present in the nasal cavity space.
A blood serum specimen that contains no albumin.
The collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) from the lungs of mice in order to study the cytokines present.
A specimen obtained through a lavage process which includes fluid in addition to cells and/or cellular secretions.
A specimen collected through oral cavity lavage that contains the reagents used to for the lavage process, organisms, cells, cellular secretions, and other biomaterials present in the oral cavity space.
PMID: 18217225.Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Jan;35(1):55-60. Review.Human immunodeficiency virus viral load in blood plasma and semen: review and implications of empirical findings.
a material entity which corresponds to the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended.
03/21/2010: BP, blood plasma is defined as the output of certain separation processes, so this is in the domain of OBI, not FMA.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma
PMID: 18229666.Adv Med Sci. 2007;52 Suppl 1:204-6.Antioxidant activity of blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy.
A material entity which derives from blood and corresponds to blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors.
animal
fungus
plant
virus
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for imports from NCBI Taxonomy.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
obsolete organism
specimen
Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen.
Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen; collecting a stone from a site.
A material entity that has the specimen role.
A material entity that is collected for potential use as an input upon which measurements or observations are performed.
GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
solution containing lung derived T cells, eosinophils, and TNFa.
Group of biomaterials present in the bronchial aveolar space of an organism which are collected through lavage including the reagents used to for the lavage process, organisms, cells, and cellular secretions present in the bronchial aveolar space.
data transformation
The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value.
A planned process that produces output data from input data.
Elisabetta Manduchi
Helen Parkinson
Melanie Courtot
Richard Scheuermann
Ryan Brinkman
Tina Hernandez-Boussard
data analysis
data processing
Branch editors
leave one out cross validation method
The authors conducted leave-one-out cross validation to estimate the strength and accuracy of the differentially expressed filtered genes. http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/368
is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data
2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893049&group_id=177891&atid=886178
k-means clustering
A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means
hierarchical clustering
A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_clustering#Hierarchical_clustering
dimensionality reduction
A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m.
PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi
principal components analysis dimensionality reduction
A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones.
pca data reduction
Generation of a heatmap from a microarray dataset
A planned process with the objective to graphically represent some data by inputing the data and outputting images, diagrams or animations.
An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data.
Tina Boussard
visualization
PERSON: Tina Boussard
Possible future hierarchy might include this: information_encoding >data_encoding >>image_encoding
data visualization
data transformation objective
normalize objective
An objective specification to transformation input data into output data
Modified definition in 2013 Philly OBI workshop
partitioning data transformation
A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning.
partitioning objective
A k-means clustering which has partitioning objective is a data transformation in which the input data is partitioned into k output sets.
A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set.
class discovery data transformation
A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery.
unsupervised classification data transformation
class discovery objective
A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic.
discriminant analysis objective
unsupervised classification objective
class prediction objective
A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data.
supervised classification objective
cross validation objective
A cross validation objective is a data transformation objective in which the aim is to partition a sample of data into subsets such that the analysis is initially performed on a single subset, while the other subset(s) are retained for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis.
rotation estimation objective
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_validation
A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type.
PMID: 18563778.Histological and modeling study of skin thermal injury to 2.0 mum laser irradiation.Lasers Surg Med. 2008 Jun 18;40(5):358-370.
A planned process by which a material entity is exposed to radiative energy, which could be ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays, X-rays, charged particles or neutrons) or non-ionizing radiation (such as UV light or microwaves)
adapted from wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiation)
planned irradiation
A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics). Light sources may include one of a variety of lamps (e.g., xenon, halogen, mercury). Most light sources are operated from line power, but some may be powered from batteries. They are mostly used in endoscopic, microscopic, and other examination and/or in surgical procedures. The light source is part of the optical subsystem. In a flow cytometer the light source directs high intensity light at particles at the interrogation point. The light source in a flow cytometer is usually a laser.
Practical Flow Cytometry 4th Edition, Howard Shapiro, ISBN-10: 0471411256, ISBN-13: 978-0471411253
study design
a matched pairs study design describes criteria by which subjects are identified as pairs which then undergo the same protocols, and the data generated is analyzed by comparing the differences between the paired subjects, which constitute the results of the executed study design.
A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution.
Editor note: there is at least an implicit restriction on the kind of data transformations that can be done based on the measured data available.
experimental design
rediscussed at length (MC/JF/BP). 12/9/08). The definition was clarified to differentiate it from protocol.
A cell specimen comprised of a mixed population of cells obtained by processing whole lymph node into individual cells, typically performed using a sieve. This population includes T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other cell types.
A cell specimen comprised of a mixed cell population obtained by processing whole spleen into individual cells, typically performed using a sieve or blender. This population includes T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other cell types.
A specimen that is derived from some uterine cervix
Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X
A specimen that is derived from some urethra
A specimen that is derived from some cervical mucus
A specimen that is derived from some throat
A specimen that is derived from some eye
A specimen that is derived from some respiratory system
A specimen that is derived from some upper respiratory tract
A specimen that is derived from some nasopharynx
A specimen that is derived from some semen
A specimen that is derived from some bodily fluid
A specimen that is derived from some chorionic villus
A specimen that is derived from some meconium
A specimen that is derived from some umbilical cord blood
A specimen that is derived from some arterial blood
A specimen that is derived from some venous blood
A specimen that is derived from some capillary blood
A specimen that is derived from some erythrocytes
A specimen that is derived from some reticulocytes
A specimen that is derived from some leukocytes
A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease.
An object aggregate all of whose components are human beings.
collection of humans
An object aggregate that is not itself an organization and whose members are only organizations that have some feature in common
William R. Hogan Amanda Hicks
It is often convenient to group organizations together that otherwise might not even interact with one another.
aggregate of organizations
material entity role
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts.
A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence.
A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics.
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population.
A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence.
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent.
An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light.
A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy.
A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow.
A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity.
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width.
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel.
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure.
A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life.
A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base.
An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a high concentration of H+ ions.
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
A mass which is higher than normal or average.
A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending.
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.
A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface.
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process.
A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed foliage.
A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to retain foliage.
A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid.
A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid.
A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid.
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions).
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point.
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer.
A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, flattish shape, possibly with a slightly angled edge.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane.
A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's upper parts die back to the rootstock at the end of the growing season.
A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content.
The propensity of a material to undergo combustion. Combustion encompasses smouldering and flaming combustion. Combustibility is usually applied to solids.
A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength.
quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation
A quality of an entity that can be represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value.
Examples include: population, community, species (meaning the collection of organisms that makes up a species, not the taxonomic rank), and family.
A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids.
May be of the same or different species.
collection of organisms
This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed.
A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place.
It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used.
population of organisms
A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members.
multispecies community
Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community.
ecological community
A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species.
collection of organisms of the same species
single-species collection of organisms
A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species.
Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species, but not sure how to specify that. Can't say "('has member' only ('member of' min 2 'species as a collection of organisms'))".
multi-species collection of organisms
A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids.
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280).
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127).
&#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall.
c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005).
portion of root primordium tissue (exact)
A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state.
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003).
Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related)
cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related)
maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related)
plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related)
rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related)
sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related)
wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related)
A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011).
Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall.
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately.
Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them.
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types.
porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts.
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path.
Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes.
etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
plant growth and development stage (exact)
Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth.
A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025).
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact)
Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure.
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof.
Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant.
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode.
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011).
A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition.
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact)
The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop.
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'.
A maximal whole plant development stage.
vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128).
The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029).
Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042).
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types.
estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact)
This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006).
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004).
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death.
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis.
An amino acid chain that is canonically produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof.
An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof.
An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds.
Ionizing radiation classified by the material entity which generates or emits it.
ionizing radiation categorized by source
Radiation originating outside the Earth's atmosphere.
One of the principal sources of ground radiation is radon gas.
Radiation produced on Earth or on another planetary body by natural or artificial means.
Material presenting, when irradiated, interaction properties similar to those of soft tissue.
ICRP glossary (http://icrpaedia.org/Tissue_equivalent_material)
Atomic nuclei, each with 26 protons and 30 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 6 protons and 6 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 14 protons and 14 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 2 protons and 2 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 10 protons and 10 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, and containing 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 protons.
Ionization chambers and silicon solid state detectors can be used as active dosimeters.
A radiation measuring device which records dose at the time of detection, with data available in real time
Thermoluminescent dosimeters and plastic nuclear track detectors are passive detectors.
A radiation measuring device which integrates the amount of radiation to which it is exposed. Passive detectors are interrogated at a later time to determine the dose.
The amount of ionizing radiation to which a member of the population on Earth is exposed from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation from naturally-occurring radionuclides in the soil, cosmic radiation originating in outer space, and naturally-occurring ra
The effective dose was calculated to be 300 mSv.
The sum of the equivalent doses to all organs in the body, each adjusted to account for the sensitivity of the organ to radiation. Effective dose is calculated for the whole body. Effective dose is expressed in millisieverts (mSv).
The samples were exposed to a mixed radiation field consisting of several ions at different energies.
The process of exposing the same sample to more than one type and/or energy of radiation, in sequence or simultaneously.
An environment the occupation of which results in exposure to radiation.
That part of the Earth exposed to the Earth atmosphere.
The region between the Earth's surface and an altitude of approximately 100 km
The region of outer space between the Earth's atmosphere and the innermost Earth radiation belt
That part of outer space beyond the Earth's radiation belts.
A radiation dose administered in two or more exposures at specified time intervals
A unit of absorbed dose equal to 1/1000 of a rad
The equivalent dose was calculated to be 300 mSv.
The product of the mean absorbed dose in an organ or tissue and the radiation weighting factor (w_R )of the radiation type of interest
The total dose was administered in five dose fractions.
The absorbed radiation dose administered in a single one of a series comprising a fractionated radiation exposure
Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electromagnetic, that originates in outer space
Galactic cosmic radiation is one of the principal sources of radiation dose outside low-earth orbit
Galactic cosmic radiation consists of high-energy charged particles originating from outside the solar system
Solar cosmic radiation contributes to the radiation dose to humans in space.
Solar cosmic radiation is high-energy charged particles that originate from the sun.
The measurement datum representing a dose to an organism or object per unit time.
The HIMAC accelerator has a beamline dedicated for radiation biology experiments.
The path leading from a particle accelerator to an experimental station used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, chemistry, and molecular biology, or in irradiation tests or to produce isotopes.
Radiation produced by a particle accelerator.
Radiation produced by a nuclear reactor.
High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cesium-137 isotope.
High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-60 isotope.
High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-57 isotope.
Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A series of radioactive elements from ACTINIUM, atomic number 89, to and including LAWRENCIUM, atomic number 103
A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.
A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy
A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy
A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.
A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.
A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.
A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.
Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately 3-120 eV. High energy UV radiation can be ioinizing.
A substance present at the time of irradiation that mitigates or prevents the biological effects of irradiation.
Richard T. Hoppe, Theodore Locke Phillips, Mack Roach, Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology (Third Edition), W.B. Saunders, (2010), ISBN 9781416058977, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-5897-7.00093-7.
Radionuclide chelators are small organic molecules or in some cases larger peptides that chemically sequester the radionuclide ion by forming a complex that determines the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of the radionuclide.
A co-carcinogen is generally a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. In some circumstances exposure to radiation or physical trauma is considered to be co-carcinogenic.
Radiation response modifiers are agents that alter tumor or normal tissue response to radiation, such as radiation sensitizers and radiation protectors.
Citrin DE, Mitchell JB. Altering the response to radiation: sensitizers and protectors. Semin Oncol. 2014 Dec;41(6):848-59. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Oct 7. PMID: 25499642; PMCID: PMC4270009.
Radiation response modifiers that are peptides.
Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577
Radiation response modifiers that are small molecules.
small molecule radiation response modifier
A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers.
Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1
The theme or modality of an experimental, theoretical, critical or summative study involving radiation, radioactive materials including their impacts on orgnisms and society.
An epidemiological study is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global)
A study of the impact of radiation on the composition of or processes within the natural or anthropogenic environment.
A study who endpoint is the lifespan of the organism under investifgation.
A study of the effect of agents including radiation, seperately or together, on the incidence or type of neoplasia or pre-neoplasia.
A study in which the structural or processual damage to normal tissue caused by radiation is assessed. Often by histopathology or molecular profiling.
A study of the mechanism or effects of radiation on dna damage and its repair.
A study of the effects of internal or external radiation on cellular or organismal physiology.
A study of the effects of radiation on the integrity, composition and quality of adult, fetal or embryonic anatomical structures.
A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism.
A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems.
A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application.
A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the most of the dose is given in a single or small number of fractions closely in time.
A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the dose is given over a protracted time period either continuously or in many fractions. Often these are lose dose studies.
A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. The dose is delivered over a long period of time, often continuously and generlly at low dose. For example long term Radon exposure by inhalation.
A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. Most of the dose is given over a short period of time and is generally unfractionated, such as in brachytherapy.
A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Acute exposure involves usually a single exposure over a short period of time with no fractionation.
A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Chronic exposure involves usually a continuous or highly fractionated exposure over a long period of time.
A study of the effects of radiation on gene expression.
A study of the effects of radiation on the proteome or individual proteins.
A study that aims at the discovery of protein, RNA or other molecular entities or modifcations that can act as reliable surrogates for the prediction or measurement of the effects of radiation or the response of the organism to radiation.
A study that aims at the discovery, development or assessment of efficacy of therapeutic agents or processes designed to mitigate or cure the effects of radiation exposure.
A study that uses survival as an endpoint. Generally applicable to animal studies rather than human studies which would use the "lifespan" measure (RBO:00000085)
A study of the effects of radiation on the metabolome or individual metabolites.
A study of the contributing factors consequences and prevention of nuclear accidents
A study of the toxicity of chemical or biological agents on cells or whole organisms.
A study of the effects of radiation on the endocrine system or of endocrine hormones on the effects of radiation.
A study of the effects of radiation on the offspring of an irradiated animal or plant.
A study of the distribution and metabolism orf drugs or biologicals used for therapeutic purposes.
A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society.
Neutrons or charged particles, such as protons or alpha particles that produce ionizing events densely spaced on a molecular scale (e.g., >10 keV-micron^[-1].
NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf
X and gamma rays or light charged particles such as electrons that produce sparse ionizing events far apart on a molecular scale.
Electromagnetic radiation having sufficient energy to remove one or more electrons from an atom
A device that is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation exposure or absorption.
Particle or electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to liberate one or more electrons from an atom.
Charged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator)
electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than approximately 100 keV
A device used to impart kinetic energy to subatomic particles by means of electric and magnetic fields
A device in which nuclear fission may be initiated and controlled in a self-sustaining chain reaction to generate energy or produce useful radiation.
Atomic nuclei, each with 8 protons and 8 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 18 protons and 22 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 22 protons and 26 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 36 protons and 48 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 41 protons and 52 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 47 protons and 60 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 54 protons and 75 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 73 protons and 108 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 79 protons and 118 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
Atomic nuclei, each with 7 protons and 7 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator
The process by which an entity is exposed to electromagnetic or acoustic radiation radiation energy internally or externally.
Unplanned exposure to radiation of any type in any environment or otherwise planned process.
Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally or externally.
Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a diagnosis of disease.
Exposure to naturally occurring radiation (NORM) of any type in any environment .
exposure to naturally ocurring radioactive material
Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a cure or mitigation of disease.
Unplanned exposure to anthropogenic radiation of any type in any environment ; for example radiation from nuclear waste, nuclear industry discharge or weapons.
accidental non-medical anthropogenic radiation exposure
Exposure to ionising radiation created by a man-made machine or exposure to a fixed source. For example a cobalt source, an X ray machine, an acceleratororf a nucler weapon.
Planned exposure to radiation generated through a device or exposure to a source emitting ionising radiation
planned anthropogenic radiation exposure
Accidental or incidental exposure to radiation from a man made process or machine. Covers both radiation accidents and routine occupational exposure.
accidental anthropogenic radiation exposure
Accidental exposure occurring during medical therapy or diagnostics, for example medical radiation accidents or overdoses.
accidental medical anthropogenic radiation exposure
Incidental exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as geographical areas with high background levels of radiation or specific locations such as Uranium mines.
unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure
Deliberate or knowing exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as a radon spa.
planned naturally occurring radiation exposure
Studies relating to human society and the interrelation of social and educational factors with individual thought and behaviour including mental illness.
Studies on the distribution of information or opinion by technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people.
Studies on the civil, legal, and political preparedness for accidental or deliberate release of radioactive materials or radiation into the environment.
Studies in which research is conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which the investigator directly interacts with human subjects, including the dveelopment of new technologies, understanding of the mechanisms of disease, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiology behaviousrand health services research.
Study of the laws, statutes, ordinances, government or international treaty regulations or authoritative guidelines, as well as for legal controversy and court decisions, relating to the regulation of radiation safety, movement and containment of radioactive materials and the consequences for human health or the natural environment of radioactive contamination.
Studies relating to organisations and processes concerned with freedom from or resilience towards potential harm caused by hostile intent or circumstances (for example terrorism and illegal release of radioactive substances or radiation) towards the natural environment or human population, and the enforcement of relevant laws and international treaties.
A study whose intention is to discover knowledge concerning the origins, nature diagnosis or therapy for neoplastic disease and cancer. This includes studies in humans, model organisms, the laboratory and in silico. This class includes experimental and epidemiological studies specifically aimed at cancer.
The specific manner, characteristic, pattern of application, or the employment of any technology, approach or formal procedure to implement the study plan to generate a study type.
Studies of the presence of radiation of any type in the natural or anthropogenic environment and its impact on animals, plants, and microorganisms. This includes studies measuring nuclide transfer in the environment, and interaction with meteorological phenomena. This excludes occupational exposure and the human working environment.
Studies concerned with the regulation, monitoring and operation of the nuclear industry. For example nuclear power station and reprocessing plants, isotope purification and manufactore, weapons manufacture and testing. This includes occupation health studies, impact of accidental or deliberate release on the natural or man made environment and impact on organisms specifically affected directly or indirectly by contamination.
Research done in a laboratory. A laboratory study may use special equipment and cells or animals to investigate the effects of an experimental perturbation, discover fundamental molecular mechanisms, assay biological substances, or find out if a drug, procedure, or treatment is likely to be useful in humans. A laboratory investigation is often characterised by a hypothesis and is carried out with controls.
Study of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ethicolegal constructs surrounding radiation and radiation safety and regulation.
Study concerning exchange or transmission of thoughts, messages, or information between people or between authorities and the general public (for example educational information, risk communication, safety communication) concerning exposure to and use of radiation.
A study focussed on a set of people with some shared characteristic. The substance of shared element varies widely, from geography to a situation to interest to lives and values. The term is widely used to evoke sense of collectivity. For example communities collectively exposed to radioactive environmental contamination.
The study of political involvement in radiation and nuclear regulation, military use, and safety as shown by inclusion in political manifestos and messaging by established or informal groups and its impact on voting patterns and democracy.
A study measuring "psychological" aspects of a person such as knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, or personality using defined scales.
A study of human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology.
A study dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organization.
Studies involving fields of inquiry into human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes . These are traditionally the study of literature, philosophy, and religion. Included in this definition are sociological studies, especially those concerned with the social impact of the humanities.
Specifically an attitudinal study looking at how perception, for example of risk, and expectations affect behaviour.
perceptions, expectations and behaviours study
Sociological, attitudinal, ethocolegal and regulatory approaches to governance of radiation and radioactive substance use.
Studies on policy concerning socially and ethically responsible research and innovation
responsible research and innovation study
Studies of the engagement between an organisational entity and those groups or individuals potentially or actually impacted by the actions of that entity over a range of activities and approaches.
Study concerning the modes, efficacy and response to communication of risk and health impacts of radiation in all aspects.
Studies concenring the attitudes to and practices of radiological protection in defined groups of people. For example the nuclear industry of a country or within a specific laboratory.
Genetic study done at the population level or among population groups, generally to find the cause, incidence or spread of a disease or to see the response to a treatment, nutrition or environment.
A type of study in which participants are enrolled into the study before they develop the disease or outcome in question.
Observational studies which include an organized system that uses observational methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) prospectively for a population defined by a particular disorder/disease, condition (including susceptibility to a disorder), or exposure (including products, health care services, and/or procedures) and that serves a predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purpose. Patient registries may be single purpose or on-going data collection programs that address one or more questions. (AHRQ) An observational study that is also considered to be a Patient Registry.
A study looking backwards in time using observations collected predominantly prior to subject selection and enrolment
A study of the number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. this class also includes PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases in the population at a given time.
Studies concerning the optimisation of situation awareness through gathering and analysing information, and methodologies for making decisions on that awareness, such as estimating the path of a radioactive fallout with respect to weather and population density and making a decision to evacuate a population.
situation awareness and decision support study
A study concerning the protection of the population from unexpected radioactive discharge or contamination, such as a dirty bomb, and civil safetyy coningency plans, such as deployment of emergency services and evacuation.
Studies on planning for unexpected natural or man-made radiological catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant property damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent changes to the natural environment. Broader scope than civil protection as may relate to livestock, food and water shortage, disease outbreak and extensive traumas caused by precipitating or consequential damage.
Studies on plannig for or analysing a nuclear accident with release of airborn or waterborn contamination into the environment. Narrower than Disaster planning study but may be used to qualify an annotation to Disaster planning study if the source of contamination is a nuclear accident. A nuclear accident is not necessarily a disaster.
A controlled study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs, devices, treatments, or preventive measures in humans by comparing two or more interventions or regimens
Study of the effects of radiation used in a medical therapeutic or diagnostic context. Inlcudes radiation accidents in this context, excludes occupational exposure for health professionals.
A study concerned with health and safety policy development, implementation and practice in the workplace including investigating accidents at work, and chronic occupational exposure. Includes monitoring compliance with health and safety legislation and study of the promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.
Study on the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to medical diagnostic procedures using internal or external irradiation.
Study of the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation including RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY, therapeutic radiation with visible, laser, or ultraviolet light. Includes technical development of protocols and equipment.
A study involvingdevelopment of agents or procedures intended to produce an effect that is intended to mitigate or stop a pathologic process.
A study of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomical changes in diseased tissue.
Study of legal and statutory instruments and legislation designed to regulate the safety, use and transport of radioactive materials, release of such materials into the environment, or external radiation.
Study of the policy approaches and their implementation concerned with harmonising regulatory guidelines and legislation dealing with radiation and radioactive substances between legislatures, generally internationally.
Study of the development, implementation and monitoring of nuclear non proliferation treaties between states.
Studies concerning intentional release of organisms (germs), toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances with intent to harm or kill people or the environment, or to inflict panic within a population.
Study of strategies and their implementation towards defence against radiation used as a weapon conducted by military powers and institutions. May also include civil defence where the military has a significant operational role, but not disaster preparedness.
Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from DNA, including methylation, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. Includes interventional DNA modification.
Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from histones, including methylation, acetylation,phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc.
Study conducted by means of structured or unstructured interviews of persons of interest.
A study of genetic variation and the inheritance of a trait or traits within a population or an individual including examination of genetic material for the presence or absence of cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities.
A radiographic study used to evaluate a specific anatomic location for a specific purpose. This may include the assessment of imaging modalities and the development of new techniques. Includes PET, MRI, CT and related techniques.
Study concerned with the construction, analysis, evaluation, refinement etc. of mathematical or statistical models of the properties or behaviour of a set of entities, such as molecules, physiological processes, environmental processes such as nuclide transfer, such that functions are developed to reliably predict the behaviour of those entities.
A study usually conducted in a laboratory where non human animals are used to model aspects of a disease process or its therapy to provide insights into human biology or pathobiology.
Study concerning the development, use, calibration or standardisation of technologies for the qualitative or quantitative measurement of radiation and radionuclides.
monitoring technologies and metrology study
Study of the chemistry of radioactive materials including radioactive tracer studies of metabolic processes
Study of the development and implementation of public policy towards issues involving radiation
Study of the effects of acoustic radiation on cellular and organismal physiology and the effects of acoustic radiation emitted in response to exposure to ionising radiation.
Study of radiation levels and effects in the human built environment.
environmental study_ abiotic_anthropogenic
Study of radiation levels and effects in the natural environment.
The development and use of mathematical models and systems analysis for the description of naturally occurring non-human populations, and applications to measuring the effects of radiological contamination.
The study of environmental contamination with radiation and radioactive substances and the toxic effects on the ecosystem either through chemical toxicity or radiation exposure.
The study of environmental contamination with radon and the toxic effects on biota including humans. Both natural and anthropogenic environments. Includes radiometrics, safety policies and mitigation technologies.
Mathematical modelling of radionuclide transfer and dispersal processes in water, earth or air, either directly or through the mediation of biota.
Study of the ocurrence, levels and effects of naturally occurring radioactive materials such as Radon.
naturally occurring radioactive materials study
Study involving the measurement of radiation levels, or concentration of radionuclides, in the natural or man made environment. Usually in a time series.
environmental radiation monitoring study
Study concerned with the measurement of transfer of radionuclides to biota from the environment.
environmental radionuclide transfer study
Any study concenrd with the prevalence or effects on non-ionising radiations such as UV, acoustic, or RF.
non ionising electromagnetic radiation study
Study concerning the safety, regulation, activities and engineering of nuclear installations including power stations, waste processing plant, radionuclide generation and purification plant, and military nuclear establishments. May include occupational health studies if broader than just occupationaal health in scope.
Study of the process of generation of nuclear waste, its monitoring, regulation, disposal and inadvertent discharge.
Study of the engineering of nuclear installations such as power plants.
Study of the process, regulation and monitoring of mines where exposure to naturally occurring radiation presents an occupational hazard for workers or the process itself, for example run off water or spoil, constitutes an environmental hazard.
A study using cells derived from an organism grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent.
A study using an organ, part of an organ or an organoid culture, derived from an organism and grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. The system differs from cell culture in the generation or maintenance of multiple cell types with the spatial and functional relationship between them derived from or reflecting the normal organisation in vivo.
Any study involving the manipulation, measurement, or characterisation of DNA or RNA in a cell or organism.
Elucidation of the physical structure of a macromolecule, protein, carbohydrate, DNA or RNA, its analysis and manipulation based on structure/function considerations.
A study using an intact organism, plant, animal, or microorganism
Study of the cellular phenomenon which radiation energy is not been directly deposited in cells by transfer of medium, proximity/justaposition, or other means, but results in their behaving as if they had been irradiated.
A study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. This may be in intact organisms or in cells and includes population analysis of epigenetic phenomena and molecular analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
Study of the frequency of induction , nature and consequences of the production of genetic or epigenetic alterations by any technique, including chemicals, radiation, recombination, or other molecular biology methods.
Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or regulation of the nuclear industries.
attitudinal study of nuclear industry risk perception
Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic ionising radiation in the environment.
attitudinal study towards ionising radiation in the environment
Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the natural environment.
attitudinal study towards non-ionising radiation in the environment
Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety and efficacy in a clinical context where radiation is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures..
attitudinal study towards medical radiation procedures
Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the occupational environment.
attitudinal study towards radiation in the occupational environment
Study of social and individual trust in the position and activities of legal or other competent advisory or regulatory authorities.
Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communcation of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context.
Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context.
Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations on any aspect of radiation, conceived of as an educational programme, and including a wider scope than just safety and risk. For example basic nuclear physics, emergency action advice.
Study involving attitudes, health status, social organisation of defined communities identified by common characteristics such as occupation type, geography, gender identity, with respect to radiation.
social affairs and community health study
Studies involving creation and assessment of plans for the future physical arrangement, well being, efficiency and condition of a community. It may have the goals of improving health, promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. In the context of radiation this may be concerned with community planning for dealing with mitigation measures for local NORM, or organised community-wide continegency measures for nuclear accident or recovery from such.
Study concerned with eliciting information in a structured way concerning issues of interest from members of a community defined by common characteristics, for example occupation, geographical location, personal history or gender.
A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology at the level of slected individuals. May be carried out by observation or as individual responses to a questioannaire or interview in the case of humans where the person records their own assessment of their behaviour.
A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology within substantial populations of individuals. Likely to be carried out by mass observation or indirect inference.
Mathematical modelling for theraputic regime optimisation and for optimal tumor response, for example modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor and blood volume fraction, and predicting response to radiation therapy. Also studies for beam modelling and multiimaging techniques.
Study of the radiolonuclide components and emissions from building materials
building materials radiological safety study
Studies on radiological safety within buildings. Primary purpose os for buildings not specifially designed to hold radioactive materials but anaylyis and mitigation of risks from radioactive exposure from the local environment or materials.
Study of the weather and atmospheric dynamics mainly with respect to dissemination of radionuclides.
Study of non-living objects in the environment, such as soils or rocks.
Study of non-human biota in the natural environment.
Study which may include human and non-human biota in the environment.
Study of the measurement, effects and regulation of wireless communication signals, for example mobile phone radiation and microwave communication.
The sample was irradiated with Cs-137 gamma ray photons.
Photons having energies that are greater than tens of thousands of electron volts (eV).
The sample was irradiated with x-ray photons.
A photon with energies from about 100 eV (electron volts) to 1 MeV (million electron volts).
Irradiation of the sample was with x-ray photons.
An energy transfer process in which energy in the form of particles or waves is transferred from one entity to another
A process involving the emission of energy from an atomic nucleus resulting in change in the character of the nucleus
Irradiation that is not the result of a planned process
Unplanned irradiation that is of anthropogenic origin
Unplanned irradiation that is non-anthropogenic in origin
Environmental monitoring that includes continual assay for radiation dose or quality.
Monitoring within an environment which was not man-made.
Monitoring within a man-made or constructed environment
Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a man-made or constructed environment such as a building or a vehicle.
anthropogenic environment radiation monitoring
Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a natural environment.
natural environment radiation monitoring
A type of ionizing radiation consisting of charged particles that are relatively massive compared to other types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Heavy ion radiation is composed of atomic nuclei that have been stripped of their electrons, resulting in positively charged particles.
Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation. Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10.
Atomic nuclei, variously defined as having atomic number 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means
A particle with a positive or negative electric charge
An atomic nucleus with 26 protons and 30 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 14 protons and 14 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 10 protons and 10 neutrons
The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium.
The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium per unit time.
The kinetic energy carried by a particle or photon of ionizing radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately between 0.1 and 120 keV. The upper end of the x-ray spectrum overlaps with the lower end of the gamma ray spectrum.
Sham irradiation refers to a procedure in which participants or subjects in an experiment are exposed to simulated radiation, mimicking precisely the conditions of actual irradiation. The purpose of using sham irradiation is to create a control group that experiences the non-specific effects of the experimental setup, while excluding the specific effects associated with radiation exposure.
A protocol for administering a total radiation dose in two or more increments separated by a specified time interval
An organism or material entity kept unexposed to radiation, for purposes of comparison to a similar organism or material entity that has been exposed to radiation
A study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate one or more conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation)
An study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) with the exception of one condition, so as to ascertain the effects of that condition on an organism or instrument
A protocol for administering radiation to a sample
One of the series of individual doses administered to a sample in a fractionated irradiation.
Time between fractions in a fractionated irradiation.
The region of the atmosphere above 8000 feet above sea level. Altitudes above 12000 feet are sometimes referred to as very high altitude, and above 18000 feet as extremely high altitude.
The class should be used in cases where it is clear that the control sample was treated in precisely the same way as the experimental samples or sham irradiation is specified. It is therefore a more restricted quality definition than "non-irradiated". It is likely to be used more often with external radiation exposure or exposure to a beam, and with a biological rather than abiotic sample.
A quality of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual which is part of an experiment that tests the effects of radiation on organisms or materials by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. In sham irradiation the precise treatment of the sample must be identical to that of the experimental samples and should be made explicit in the description of the method.
An aircraft which flies a series of parabolic arcs to simulate micrgravity.
An aircraft which flies at altitudes greater than commercial aircraft altitudes for research purposes.
An research aircraft designed to operate without crew members, either autonomously or under control from a ground station
Fully ionized atomic nucleus with 2 or more protons and energies in excess of tens of MeV per nucleon
A study of a response to radiation conditioned by prior administration of radiation of a different type and/or at a different dose or dose rate
The total dose administered in a series of radiation fractions divided by the elapsed time between the beginning of the first exposure fraction and the end of the last exposure fraction
A device which exposes samples to gamma radiation.
The electric charge of a particle used in an irradiation
The measurement of the amount of radiation taken up by a sample.
A microbeam is a narrow beam of radiation, of micrometer or sub-micrometer dimensions. Together with integrated imaging techniques, microbeams allow precisely defined quantities of damage to be introduced at precisely defined locations.
An atomic nucleus with 41 protons and 52 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 47 protons and 60 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 54 protons and 75 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 79 protons and 118 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 18 protons and 22 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 22 protons and 26 neutrons
An atomic nucleus with 36 protons and 48 neutrons
A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second
This could be used to describe a tissue response to immune stimulation, so for example an IL2 response of endothelial cells in response to lymphocytes stimulated by pathogen.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell
The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells.
Directly describes the bystander effect (Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) but can alo sbe used to describe phenomena related to the abscopal effect, manifest in whole organisms where irradiation of one part of the organism causes changes in another un-irradiated component.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to ionising radiation which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the ionising radiation by one cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells.
indirect cellular response to ionising radiation
A device for exposing materials or biological organisms to ionizing radiation for research or therapeutic purposes.
High-altitude balloons are crewed or uncrewed balloons, usually filled with helium or hydrogen, that are released into the stratosphere, generally attaining between 18 and 37 km (11 and 23 mi; 59,000 and 121,000 ft) above sea level.
non-targeted effects of ionising radiation
Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation are characterised by cellular responses that occur in cells in which energy from ionizing radiation has not been deposited. The distinct classes of non-targeted effects include Genomic Instability, and Bystander effect which latter includes Abscopal effects and Bystander-mediated adaptive response. These can also arise non-clonally in the progeny of irradiated somatic or germ cells, resulting in radiation-induced genomic instability and transgenerational genomic instability respectively. (Kadhim M, Salomaa S, Wright E, et al. Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation--implications for low dose risk. Mutat Res. 2013;752(2):84-98. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.12.001)
One of the measures to ensure ALARA is to minimize the time spent working around radioactive materials.
A principle of radiation protection philosophy that requires that exposures to ionizing radiation be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. The protection from radiation exposure is ALARA when the expen
NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf)
Attenuation in concrete or leadshielding is a common method of radiation protection on Earth, but is impractical in space due to mass constraints.
The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter
Biodosimetry was used to measure the exposure of some victims of the Chernobyl nuclear accident.
Use of a biological response as an indicator of a dose of an effective agent (e.g., the extent of decline in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans exposed to ionizing radiation can be used as an indicator of the absorbed dose to the whole body from that
The bystander effect can be studied by identifying cells that were traversed by a charged particle.
The term used to describe the effects on cells in proximity to irradiated cells, but through which radiation has not passed. In experimental radiation biology, the bystander effect can be investigated by targeting individual cells, or by using doses low enough that the probability for a given cell to be hit by a particle is less than one.
Delta ray energies increase with the velocity of the incident particle.
Highly energetic electrons produced during inelastic collisions between ionizing radiation and atomic electrons. In a small proportion of collisions, the ejected electron receives a considerable amount of energy (i.e., >1,000 eV), allowing it to travel a
The average annual dose equivalent for crew members on the ISS is approximately 300 mSv.
The product of the absorbed dose (D) at a point and the quality factor (Q) at that point for the radiation type (i.e., H = DQ). The unit of H is J-kg^[-1] with the special name sievert (Sv)
The increased risk from induced cancer due to exposure when the effects over an entire lifetime are accounted for. Individuals who would have died of cancer anyway but die early because of exposure are not included
The sample was irradiated with fast neutrons.
Neutrons of energies above a few hundred kiloelectron volts (keV)
The value of the fluence was approximately 1 particle per cm2.
The number of particles or photons per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of the particle (units of m^2 or cm^2) (i.e., particles-m^[-2] or particles-cm^[-2]).
The flux of cosmic ray muons per cm2 at the surface of the Earth is approximately 1.0.
The quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the increment of the particle number in the time interval dt. The unit for flux is reciprocal second (s^[-1].)
An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, containing 2 or more protons. Nuclei containing between 2 protons (helium) and 6 protons (carbon) are sometimes referred to as light ions.
In RBO--needs def from NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf)
Biological effects are a function of LET.
The energy deposited by an ionizing charged particle or photon in any medium per unit path length.
Radiation protection standards take into account organ dose as well as whole body dose.
The mean absorbed radiation dose in a specified tissue or organ of the human body.
Neutrons have a high quality factor compared to photons.
Dimensionless factor developed for purposes of radiation protection and assessing health risks in general terms that accounts for the relative biological effectiveness of different radiations in producing stochastic effects and is used to relate absorbed
The samples received a dose of 1 Gy. (The use of the gray unit implies that "dose" refers to a measured quantity, typically absorbed dose or organ dose.)
The samples received a dose of 1 Sv. (The use of the sievert unit implies that "dose" refers to a der
A measurement datum of the quantity of radiation absorbed by a substance or organism. The term "radiation dose" may for example refer to absorbed dose, organ dose, dose equivalent or equivalent dose, depending upon context and weighting factor(s).
Radiation weighting factors may change as more data on biological effects are obtained.
A factor used to allow for differences in the biological effectiveness between different radiations when calculating equivalent dose (H_T) (see equivalent dose). These factors are independent of the tissue or organ irradiated.
Neutrons have been found to have a higher RBE than electrons.
Factor used to compare the biological effectiveness of absorbed doses from different types of ionizing radiation, determined experimentally. RBE is the ratio of the absorbed dose of a reference radiation to the absorbed dose of the radiation in question r
Tissue equivalent materials can be used to study radiation effects at depth in the human body.
Denotes a substance with absorbing and scattering properties for a given radiation that sufficiently match those of a particular biological tissue.
That energy which is transferred in space and time as part of the process of radiation (ENVO:01001023).
Uncharged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator)
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers
See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006.
Usually a track structure assay at nm scale
An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers
Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale
Nuclear decay in which an alpha particle is emitted.
Radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs.
Processes in which electrons or components of the atomic nucleus are participants.
Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers
In microdosimetry the specific energy, z, is the energy deposited by radiation ( in one or more deposition events) in a specified micrometric (or smaller) site divided my the mass of the site. Measured in Gy.
The path of a particle in matter, delineated by sites where the particle deposits energy.
A pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers.
The complete set of spatial coordinates of energy deposition events along a particle track in matter
A group of ionization events closely related in time and space, occurring in a specified target volume and originating from a single primary ionizing particle.
Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers.
A volume of matter characterised by linear dimensions of the order of 0.5- 10's of microns, referred to as the "site" in microdosimetry.
A control specimen role of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual describes a specimen by its purpose, and therefore treatment, within a planned experimental process that tests hypotheses by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. The quality of control inhering in the sample role exists as a result of the historical treatment of the sample. In a controlled experiment, two or more virtually identical experiments are conducted, but the factor being tested is varied in only one of them. This serves to isolate any causal phenomena. A control may have been subject to treatments during the experiment that might alter its state or behaviour and is therefore distinguishable from the sample as initial input into the experiment. However such treatments should in all cases but that of the variable under scrutiny, be the same as the experimental sample.
Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed in every respect.
Use approximate sham irradiation when at least one aspect of the irradiation (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed precisely. For example, Not placing an organism or sample in a beam line for the same length of time as the irradiated organism(s) or sample(s) were left in the beam.
Experimental internal radiation exposure of rodents to radon gas through inhalation.
Exposure to an inhaled, ingested, injected or implanted source of radiation of any origin as part of a planned or accidental process.
Mice exposed to external radiation from a Sr source.
Exposure to an external source of radiation of any origin or type.
Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol is followed in every respect, with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure.
Use complete sham irradiation when all steps of an irradiation protocol are followed for sham control group (with the exception of administration of the radiation exposure).
Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally by the ingestion, inhalation or implantation of a source of radiation.
Research subjects participating in a clinical trial using an internally implanted radiation source have an internal experimental radiation exposure
internal experimental radiation exposure
The direct or indirect transfer of energy from radiation to a medium through ionisation or excitation of the atoms of the medium.
A mixed irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation.
A mixed ion and photon irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation.
A mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation.
mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study
A mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study typically involves sequentially exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation.
mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study
A multiple ion irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of charged particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation.
A multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation, for example ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation.
multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study
A multiple ion sequential irradiation study involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation such as ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation.
multiple ion sequential irradiation study
The ambient radiation in a defined environment emanating from natural or anthropogenic sources.
For uses involving experimentation or radiation therapy, use "anthropogenic background radiation" instead. Use this concept to indicate source is a mixture of anthropogenic and naturally occurring (ambient), or unknown or if the discrimination is not sought.
A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
A type of document, physical or digital, comprised of data and/or analytical assessment related to a scientific protocol.
Scientific documents can be referenced or included in publicationDocuments.
Any document (electronic or written record) that is about an experiment process (limited to the conduct of the experiment)
Modified from definition of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142425
A data product that is an aggregate of data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
Derived from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000100
A coordinated set of actions and observations designed to generate data, with the ultimate goal of discovery or hypothesis testing.
A document that is about an item of hardware. For LSDA, hardware documents include hardware design, manufacturing, and operations documents
An individual who conducts scientific research. The investigator collects and analyses data and study documents, and provides reports in compliance with applicable requirements
Modified from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25936
A document that is about a project. For LSDA, project documents include project operations, schedules, and other related documents.
A federally funded facility where NASA activities are undertaken.
This would include JPL and other federally funded Centers. Is that in line with NGLSDA usage?
Modified from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000469
An agent, commonly entirely within an organization, responsible for enabling one or more realizable entities.
https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C52647 https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C63409
A physical or digital representation of a body of information intended to be understood as a whole and conveyed primarily through the use of human-readable written language.
"By this definition no binary files are documents (we assume they become dataset files in NGLSDA)"
for NCit: https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19498https://ncimetathesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=CL414404
A document that is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of EM spectrum radiation or measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range (where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected surface.)
Modified from IAO image definition and its stated relationship to the concept of document. Another source that was used to develop this definition is http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300264387 which defines image as (quoting) Depictions and representations on a surface in two dimensions or low relief, or digital, whether the optical counterpart exists in reality or only in imagination. For example, the term may refer to a depiction as distinguished from its support, as when referring to a drawing as distinct from the paper upon which it is drawn.
A package of elements carried onboard a spacecraft over and above what is necessary for the operation of the vehicle. May refer to the complete set of such elements transported during a mission, or to individual packages transported to support specific mission objectives. A research payload refers to a package of elements specifically dedicated to producing research data and relaying that data to earth.
Payloads are self-contained, and removable, and their presences is independent of vehicle operation. The definition of payload is entwined with definition of vehicle, as vehicle is the transporting method/artifact associated with one or more payloads.
https://home.iss.nasa.gov/home/ (under Research/Payloads) https://iss-science.jsc.nasa.gov/home
Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body.
Any material sample taken from a biological entity for testing, diagnostic, propagation, treatment or research purposes, including a sample obtained from a living organism or taken from the biological object after halting of all its life functions. Biospecimen can contain one or more components including but not limited to cellular molecules, cells, tissues, organs, body fluids, embryos, and body excretory products
Note that any whole entity cannot be a biospecimen
Modified from NCIT: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C70699
An entity of interest, either biological or otherwise. EXAMPLE(S): A human being who might be of interest because they are on a study, a sheep who might have experienced an adverse event, or a pacemaker that failed. An entity, either biologic or otherwise, of interest in an investigation. [Definition Source: NCI]
From investigative subject: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C79916
A set of related data (either written or electronic) and is a part of a dataset
Derived from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42883
An item of hardware that is a part of another item of hardware.
A physical, manufactured or otherwise processed object that is used in a scientific investigation or clinical activity.
Coordinated tasks and operations undertaken to meet a set of specific scientific or technical objectives, within clearly delineated time and location constraints.
Modified from SMD Catalog definition of Mission
NCIt Definition: A printed or electronic work offered for distribution. MSH Definition: Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181) CSP Definition: copy or copies of a document offered for distribution; includes the preparation of the documented material.
A bounded physical or digital representation of a body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate a particular subject, art, craft, technique, applied science and/or industrial service.
https://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000148.rdf NPD 2200.1C - https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/n_pd_2200_001c_main.pdf Technical Publications and Reports - https://nasa.sharepoint.com/sites/NASASTIProgram/SitePages/Glossary.aspx#t
The name applied to a plant, animal, or other organism, according to the Codes of Nomenclature, consisting of a Genus and species.
Currently not in NGLSDA. (Dan to review with John)
NCIt Definition: A regularly issued printed or electronic report describing a main topic of interest to its subscribers.
NCIT Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. CDISC Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. MGED Definition: A contacts affiliation, e.g. university, research institute or business.
A document that is about a mission. For LSDA, mission documents include mission personnel, operations, schedules, and other related documents.
A person responsible for the overall conduct of a study
How long something or someone has existed; measured at launch/start
A vehicle operating or capable of operating in an extraterrestrial environment between the Earth's atmosphere and the innermost Earth radiation belt
A vehicle operating or capable of operating in an extraterrestrial environment beyond the Earth's radiation belts.
Indicates the scientific area addressed by the study. This clas is maintained by NASA Life Sciences Data Archive.
A vehicle which traverses or is capable of traversing the boundary between the atmosphere and space without reaching low earth orbit.
Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's atmmosphere.
There is no universally accepted definition of where space begins. Some definitions use the K�rm�n line, a somewhat arbitrary boundary approximately 62 miles (100 kilometers) above sea level. The US FAA (https://www.faa.gov/space/human_spaceflight) does not define where space begins, but recognizes "any flight crew or space flight participant who is on an FAA-licensed launch or reentry vehicle and reaches 50 statute miles above the surface of the Earth" by listing their name on the FAA Commercial Human Space Flight Recognition web page (https://www.faa.gov/space/human_spaceflight/recognition/).
Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's atmosphere but inside the Earth's inner radiation belt.
Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's inner radiation belt.
A flight within the atmosphere of the Earth or another body where an aircraft describes a series of parabolic arcs lasting on the order of tens of seconds to simulate microgravity
A flight in which a vehicle, launched from either the ground or from an aircraft, has a trajectory which carries it above a substantial part of the atmosphere but does not reach orbit. The occupants and/or contents experience a period (typically minutes) of microgravity by virtue of being in free fall.
The experiment was conducted in the International Space Station module Columbus
The experiment was conducted on the Russian module of the ISS.
A self-contained unit of the International Space Station.
Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.
A spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies.
A form or variant of an original hardware object or object type; one of a sequence of iterations of a hardware object, each incorporating new modifications.
A form or variant of a type or original; one of a sequence of copies of a program, each incorporating new modifications.
A version of an object that is distinguished from other versions by its specific capabilities.
An organization with the capability to fund one or more realizable entities.
An administrative program with the capability to fund one or more realizable entities.
An identifiable part of an organization with the capability to fund one or more realizable entities.
A planned process to execute a series of spaceflights.
A wearable active dosimeter, based on direct ion storage technology, for use by spacecraft crewmembers.
The region of space between the Earth and the Moon
The region of space between the Earth and Mars
The regions of the solar system where physical and biological phenomena are relatively unaffected by the physical properties of planets and their moons (e.g. by their gravity, atmospheres, magnetic fields, or albedo radiation) compared to the influence of the Sun (e.g. through its gravitational pull, solar wind, magnetic field, and electromagnetic radiation).
A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Earth's moon
The area of the lunar landmass exposed to space
A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Mars
mars orbit is distinct from mars' orbit, the latter of which refers to the orbit of the planet around the sun. The planet name can function as an adjective, meaning an orbit related to or associated with Mars. For example, a "Mars orbit" could be the path of a spacecraft around the planet. "Mars' orbit" (with an apostrophe) uses the possessive form of the noun "Mars" to indicate ownership or association. It specifically refers to the natural path and characteristics of the path of the planet Mars' around the Sun. Example of use: The Mars Science Laboratory entered Mars orbit prior to deployment of the landing system containing the Curiosity Rover.
The area of the Mars landmass exposed to the Martian atmosphere
The outermost solid or liquid area of a planet
A radiation environment outside a commonly defined boundary marking the beginning of space (frequently the Karman line).
The natural radiation environment of a region of a cis-lunar space environment
The natural radiation environment of a region of a cis-mars space environment
The natural radiation environment of a region of interplanetary space
interplanetary space radiation environment
The natural radiation environment in lunar orbit. Contributions to the lunar orbit radiation environment include: free space radiation, partially shielded by the body of the Moon; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the lunar crust; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the lunar crust.
The natural radiation environment on or adjacent to the surface of the moon. Contributions to the lunar surface radiation environment include: free space radiation, partially shielded by the body of the Moon; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the lunar crust; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the lunar crust.
The natural radiation environment in Mars orbit. Contributions to the Mars orbit radiation environment include: free space radiation, partially shielded by the planetary body; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the Mars crust and modulated by interactions with the Martian atmosphere; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the Martian crust modulated by interactions with the Martian atmosphere.
The natural radiation environment on or adjacent to the surface of Mars. Contributions to the lunar surface radiation environment include: free space radiation partially shielded by the planetary body and modulated by interactions with the Martian atmosphere; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the Martian crust; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the Martian crust.
The natural radiation environment of a region of a planetary surface
The natural radiation environment on or adjacent to the surface of a planet or moon, comprising: the free space radiation environment partially shielded by the planet or moon and modulated by interactions with the planet's or moon's crust, and atmosphere and magnetic field, if any, and radiation produced by naturally occurring radioactive elements in the planet's or moon's crust. A surface radiation environment can include both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation such as UVA, UVB and visible light, but often is used to refer to biologically damaging ionizing radiation such as galactic cosmic radiation and solar particles.
The natural radiation environment in the vicinity of Mars comprising: the free space radiation environment, radiation produced by interactions of the free space radiation environment with the Martian atmosphere and crust, and radiation produced by naturally occurring radioactive elements in the Martian crust. The Martian radiation environment varies with location and time--for example with proximity to the Martian surface, shielding by the planetary body, and with the solar cycle and periodic solar particle events. It can include both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation such as UVA, UVB and visible light, but often is used to refer to biologically damaging ionizing radiation such as galactic cosmic radiation and solar particles.
The natural radiation environment on or in the vicinity of the Earth's moon, comprising: the free space radiation environment, radiation produced by interactions of the free space radiation environment with the lunar surface, and radiation produced by naturally occurring radioactive elements in the lunar crust. The lunar radiation environment varies with location and time--for example with proximity to the lunar surface, shielding by the Moon itself, and with the solar cycle and periodic solar particle events. It can include both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation such as UVA, UVB and visible light, but often is used to refer to biologically damaging ionizing radiation such as galactic cosmic radiation and solar particles.
Any extent of continuous biological sequence.
A sequence feature is an extent of 'located' biological sequence, whose identity is determined by both its inherent sequence (ordering of monomeric units) and its position (start and end coordinates based on alignment with some reference). By contrast, 'biological sequences' are identified and distinguished only by their inehrent sequence, and not their position. Accordingly, the 'ATG' start codon in the coding DNA sequence of the human AKT gene is the same 'sequence' as the 'ATG' start codon in the human SHH gene, but these represent two distinct 'sequence features' in virtue of their different positions in the genome.
Formalizes the first identity criteria for a sequence feature of its sequence.
Formalizes the second identify criteiria for a sequence feature of its genomic position. We use the FALDO model to represent positional information, which links features to positional information through an instance of a Region class that represents the mapping of the feature onto some reference sequence. (But features can also be linked to Positions directly through the location property).
A collection of sequence features (typically a collection of chromosomes) that covers the sum genetic material within a cell or virion (where 'genetic material' refers to any nucleic acid that is part of a cell or virion and has been inherited from an ancestor cell or virion, and/or can be replicated and inherited by its progeny)
Genotype vs Genome in GENO: An (genomic) genotype is an information artifact representing a shorthand syntax for specifying what is known about variation in a genome sequence. This syntax has reference and variant components - a 'reference genome' and 'genomic variation complement' - that must be operated on to resolve a final genome sequence (i.e. substituting all sequences specified by the 'genomic variation complement' for the corresponding sequences in the 'reference genome'). So, while the total sequence content represented in a genotype may be greater than that in a genome, the intended resolution of these sequences is to arrive at a single genome sequence.
A genome is considered the complement of all heritable sequence features in a given cell or organism (chromosomal or extrachromosomal). This is typically a collection of >1 sequence molecules (e.g. chromosomes), but in some organisms (e.g. bacteria) it may be a single sequence macromolecule (e.g. a circular plasmid). For this reason 'genome' classifies under 'sequence feature complement'.
Organised collection of data or objects in a computational format, that are generated or collected by researchers in the course of their investigations, regardless of their form or method, that form the object on which researchers test a hypothesis. This includes the full range of data: raw, unprocessed datasets, proprietary generated and processed data and secondary data obtained from third parties. The presentation of the data in the application is enabled through metadata.
RDMT. https://terms.codata.org/rdmt/dataset
A level of depth of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy.
A token asserting that the taxon was not assigned a rank.
Azotobacter chroococcum (strain mcd 1) (NCBITaxon:355) has rank strain
Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3/Gambia (NCBITaxon:5838) is an isolate
Bovine adenovirus 3 (NCBITaxon:10510) has rank serotype
Embryophyta (NCBITaxon:3193) has rank clade
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (NCBITaxon:5508) has rank forma specialis
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NCBITaxon:491) has rank serogroup
Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (NCBITaxon:33745) has rank genotype
Haemophilus influenzae biotype aegyptius (NCBITaxon:725) has rank biotype
Acontias orientalis morph lineacauda (NCBITaxon:304407) has rank morph
Polyneoptera (NCBITaxon:33341) has rank cohort
Xanthomonas axonopodis subcluster 9.1 (NCBITaxon:1982676) has rank pathogroup
Ostariophysi (NCBITaxon:32519) has rank subcohort
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].
The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm.
Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other.
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO].
Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA].
Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA].
Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo.
Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle.
In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA].
Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians.
Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism.
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
apparatus respiratorius connective tissue
apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue
apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus
connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius
portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius
portion of connective tissue of respiratory system
respiratory system portion of connective tissue
textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius
textus connectivus of respiratory system
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.
An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue
epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius
A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo.
An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure.
An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina.
Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
A rigid covering that envelops an object.
The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO].
Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo.
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified].
A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system.
Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other.
"A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the flow of electric charge." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standardised quantity of an element or compound with uniform composition." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is one of a particular measure to which all measures of that type can be related." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a 2-dimensional flat surface." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of change of velocity in either speed or direction." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of change of angular velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance." [UOC:GVG]
"A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the luminous intensity impinging on a given area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity of motion measured by the product of mass and velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the number of rotations in a given time." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a given mass of substance (the reciprocal of density)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of movement. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of moles of a given substance per liter of solution." [UOC:GVG]
"A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of moles of a given substance per kilogram of solvent." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit of concentration which highlights the chemical nature of salts." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the force is applied when a mass is accelerated." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the force applied to a given area." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the work done by a certain force (gravitational, electric, magnetic, force of inertia, etc)." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure power or the rate of doing work." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the luminous flux incident on a unit area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the flow of radiant energy." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of the action of a catalyst." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by two straight lines in the same plane." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by three or more planes intersecting at a common point." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of radiation emitted by a given radiation source as well as the amount of radiation absorbed or deposited in a specific material by a radiation source." [OCRBS:OCRBS]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the transformation (disintegration) rate of a radioactive substance." [DEFRA:DEFRA]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the energy imparted by ionizing radiation to unit mass of matter such as tissue." [DEFRA:DEFRA]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the expression of dose in terms of its biological effect." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity that expresses the ability of radiation to ionize air and thereby create electric charges which can be collected and measured." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the intensity of light." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the power of electromagnetic radiation through space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless concentration notation which describes the amount of one substance in another. It is the ratio of the amount of the substance of interest to the amount of that substance plus the amount of the substance." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of units, as an agreed arbitrary amount, of a given substance per a specific volume of solution." [Webmd:Webmd]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless unit which denotes a simple count of things." [MGED:MGED]
"A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless ratio unit which relates the part (the numerator) to the whole (the denominator)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A concentration unit which denotes the average cell number in a given volume." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline]
"A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of the action of a catalyst in a given volume." [UOC:GVG]
"A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the given volume of the solute in the total volume of the resulting solution." [NIST:NIST]
"A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved between two points in an electric field." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons." [WordNet:WordNet]
"A unit which is a standard measure of quantity of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the strength of a magnetic field." [allnet:allnet]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of information." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An information unit which is a standard measure of the detail an image holds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the way luminance and chrominance may be sampled at different levels." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the ability of a liguid to attraction of molecules at its surface as a result of unbalanced molecular cohesive forces." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the internal resistance of fluids to flow." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit which represents a standard measurement of the transmission of an entity through a medium." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit which represents a standard measurement of the movement of electrically charged particles through a transmission medium (electrical conductor)." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit which represents a standard measurement of the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter, from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"The electric field strength is a unit which is a measure of the potential difference between two points some distance apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time ." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which represents a standard measurement occurrence of a process per unit time." [UOC:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of ten to the power of 9." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of million." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one tenth." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundred." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -6." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -9." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -12." [GVG:UO]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -15." [UO:GVG]
"A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -18." [UO:GVG]
"A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance administered to a recipient subject, expressed in terms of the size of the subject." [UO:PC]
einstein per square meter per second based unit
watt per steradian per square meter based unit
colony forming unit per milliliter based unit
plaque forming unit per milliliter based unit
The DCMI Type Vocabulary provides a general, cross-domain list of approved terms that may be used as values for the Resource Type element to identify the genre of a resource.
A list of types used to categorize the nature or genre of the content of the resource.
DCMI Type Vocabulary
A set of date encoding schemes and/or formats
Date Encoding Schemes
A set of format encoding schemes.
Format Encoding Schemes
A set of resource identifier encoding schemes and/or formats
Resource Identifier Encoding Schemes
A set of language encoding schemes and/or formats.
Language Encoding Schemes
A set of resource relation encoding schemes and/or formats
Resource Relation Encoding Schemes
A set of source encoding schemes and/or formats
Source Encoding Schemes
A set of geographic place encoding schemes and/or formats
Place Encoding Schemes
A set of subject encoding schemes and/or formats
Subject Encoding Schemes
A set of encoding schemes for the coverage qualifier "temporal"
Encoding Schemes for temporal characteristics
A set of resource type encoding schemes and/or formats
Resource Type Encoding Schemes
Acquaintance
Address
Agent
This class is deprecated
BBS
Car
Also called mobile telephone
Cell
Child
Colleague
Contact
Coresident
Coworker
Crush
Dom
To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object the vCard represents. Use the hasEmail object property.
Email
Emergency
Fax
Female
Friend
Used for gender codes. The URI of the gender code must be used as the value for Gender.
Gender
Object representing a group of persons or entities. A group object will usually contain hasMember properties to specify the members of the group.
Group
This implies that the property is related to an individual's personal life
Home
ISDN
An object representing a single person or entity
Individual
Internet
Intl
Kin
The parent class for all objects
Kind
Label
An object representing a named geographical place
Location
Male
Met
Modem
Msg
Muse
Name
Neighbor
None
An object representing an organization. An organization is a single entity, and might represent a business or government, a department or division within a business or government, a club, an association, or the like.
Organization
Other
PCS
Pager
Parcel
Parent
Postal
Pref
Used for relation type codes. The URI of the relation type code must be used as the value for the Relation Type.
Relation Type
Sibling
Spouse
Sweetheart
This class is deprecated. Use the hasTelephone object property.
Tel
Used for telephone type codes. The URI of the telephone type code must be used as the value for the Telephone Type.
Phone
Also called sms telephone
Text
Text phone
Used for type codes. The URI of the type code must be used as the value for Type.
Type
Unknown
The vCard class is equivalent to the new Kind class, which is the parent for the four explicit types of vCards (Individual, Organization, Location, Group)
VCard
Video
Voice
This implies that the property is related to an individual's work place
Work
A bus (also omnibus or autobus) is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Coaches are luxury busses, usually in service for long distance travel.
BusOrCoach
A car is a wheeled, self-powered motor vehicle used for transportation.
A CompleteDataFeed is a DataFeed whose standard representation includes content for every item currently in the feed. This is the equivalent of Atom's element as defined in Feed Paging and Archiving RFC 5005, for example (and as defined for Atom), when using data from a feed that represents a collection of items that varies over time (e.g. "Top Twenty Records") there is no need to have newer entries mixed in alongside older, obsolete entries. By marking this feed as a CompleteDataFeed, old entries can be safely discarded when the feed is refreshed, since we can assume the feed has provided descriptions for all current items.
CompleteDataFeed
A single feed providing structured information about one or more entities or topics.
DataFeed
A body of structured information describing some topic(s) of interest.
Dataset
A chemical or biologic substance, used as a medical therapy, that has a physiological effect on an organism. Here the term drug is used interchangeably with the term medicine although clinical knowledge makes a clear difference between them.
Drug
A subclass of OrganizationRole used to describe employee relationships.
EmployeeRole
Fitness-related activity designed for a specific health-related purpose, including defined exercise routines as well as activity prescribed by a clinician.
ExercisePlan
A Role that represents a Web link, e.g. as expressed via the 'url' property. Its linkRelationship property can indicate URL-based and plain textual link types, e.g. those in IANA link registry or others such as 'amphtml'. This structure provides a placeholder where details from HTML's link element can be represented outside of HTML, e.g. in JSON-LD feeds.
LinkRole
A type of blood vessel that specifically carries lymph fluid unidirectionally toward the heart.
LymphaticVessel
A guideline recommendation that is regarded as efficacious and where quality of the data supporting the recommendation is sound.
MedicalGuidelineRecommendation
An observational study is a type of medical study that attempts to infer the possible effect of a treatment through observation of a cohort of subjects over a period of time. In an observational study, the assignment of subjects into treatment groups versus control groups is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with controlled studies, such as the randomized controlled trials represented by MedicalTrial, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treatment group or a control group before the start of the treatment.
MedicalObservationalStudy
A simple system that adds up the number of risk factors to yield a score that is associated with prognosis, e.g. CHAD score, TIMI risk score.
MedicalRiskScore
A motorcycle or motorbike is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle.
Motorcycle
A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor used to power the vehicle, or to assist with pedaling.
MotorizedBicycle
A subclass of Role used to describe roles within organizations.
OrganizationRole
A medical test performed by a laboratory that typically involves examination of a tissue sample by a pathologist.
PathologyTest
A PerformanceRole is a Role that some entity places with regard to a theatrical performance, e.g. in a Movie, TVSeries etc.
PerformanceRole
A photograph.
Photograph
A doctor's office.
Physician
A process of care using radiation aimed at improving a health condition.
RadiationTherapy
A patient-reported or observed dosing schedule for a drug or supplement.
ReportedDoseSchedule
A Research project.
ResearchProject
Represents additional information about a relationship or property. For example a Role can be used to say that a 'member' role linking some SportsTeam to a player occurred during a particular time period. Or that a Person's 'actor' role in a Movie was for some particular characterName. Such properties can be attached to a Role entity, which is then associated with the main entities using ordinary properties like 'member' or 'actor'. See also blog post.
Role
An indication for treating an underlying condition, symptom, etc.
TreatmentIndication
A vehicle is a device that is designed or used to transport people or cargo over land, water, air, or through space.
Vehicle
Vital signs are measures of various physiological functions in order to assess the most basic body functions.
VitalSign
Deflecting Prism
A Prism designed to deflect a beam of light entering the Prism by a fixed angle.
Cooling Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the thermal energy of a system decreases.
Designative Name
A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified cultural or social namespace and which is typically a word or phrase in a natural language that has an accepted cultural or social significance.
Change
A Process in which some independent continuant endures and 1) one or more of the dependent entities it bears increase or decrease in intensity, 2) the entity begins to bear some dependent entity or 3) the entity ceases to bear some dependent entity.
Act
A Process in which at least one Agent plays a causative role.
Upper Midrange Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 2 and 4 kHz.
Natural Process
A Process existing in or produced by nature; rather than by the intent of human beings.
Sound Frequency
A Frequency that is the rate of Oscillations per second of a Sound Wave.
Mass Density
Density
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's mass per unit volume.
Incorporated Organization
Corporation
An Organization formed by an Act of Incorporation that consists of an association of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members and owners, and having powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members and owners.
Nominal Stasis
Nominal
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has a level of intensity or functionality that falls within the designed, expected, or acceptable range such that the Independent Continuant is of normal value, usefulness, or functionality.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nominal (Definition 6)
Propulsion Control System
A Control System that consists of control devices, displays, indicators, or modules designed to control a Propulsion System.
Gain of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Gain of Dependent Continuant wherein some Independent Continuant becomes the carrier of some Generically Dependent Continuant.
A Person forms a Plan, A Person is initiated into a Religion, A photgraphic image is produced.
Aztec Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used by the transportation industry to scan tickets.
Shotgun
A Long Gun that fires packets of shot, a single slug, a sabot, or a specialty round (such as tear gas, bolo shell, or a breaching round) over shorter ranges than that of Rifles and with less accuracy.
Triangular Waveform
A Waveform that is characterized by a triangular shape due to the continuous linear zig-zag transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Minor Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the longest line segment perpendicular to the Major Axis that connects two points on the edge of an Ellipse.
Title Document
A Legal Instrument that is designed as evidence of ownership.
Power Inverting Artifact Function
A Current Conversion Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
Container
A Material Artifact that is designed to contain (wholly or partially) some material entity.
Sensor Platform
A Material Artifact that is designed to support, and in some cases transport, a Sensor during its deployment and functioning.
Radio Communication Reception Artifact Function
A Communication Reception Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact receives information transmitted from another Artifact, where the transmission of information occurs using radio waves.
Sensor Deployment Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to support or convey one or more Sensors while the Sensors are realizing their own Artifact Functions.
Act of Advising
An Act of Directive Communication performed by providing advice or counsel to another agent.
Electronic Stock
Stock that consists of Bytes.
Hair Color
A Quality inhering in a portion of Hair by virtue of its color.
Mailing
Act of Mailing
An Act of Communication by Media in which information and tangible objects, usually written documents, are delivered to destinations around the world.
Dispersive Prism
A Prism designed to break up a beam of light entering the Prism into its constituent spectral colors by leveraging the refractive index of light based on its Frequency.
Median Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Median
A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to either the middle value or the average of the two values which separate the set into two equally populated upper and lower sets.
Nuclear Reactor
A Power Source that is designed to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction to produce power in the form of heat, which can be transferred to a working fluid for further conversion to mechanical or electrical energy.
Atmospheric Feature
A Geographic Feature that is part of the atmosphere (including the atmosphere itself as a non-proper part) having a relatively stable lifecycle and which has a location that can be distinguished from the surrounding portion of the atmosphere.
Church
A Religious Facility that is designed for Christian worship and prayer.
Decrease of Role
A Decrease of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Role that it bears.
Conveyance Artifact Function
A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the bearer of the function conveys entities from one location to another.
Soft X-ray Frequency
An X-Ray Frequency that is between 30 petahertz and 3 exahertz.
Waste Management Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of collecting transporting processing recycling or disposing and monitoring of waste materials.
Act of Observation
A Planned Act of acquiring information from a source via the use of one or more senses.
System Role
A Role that inheres in an entity in virtue of its parts or elements being arranged in such a way that they together exhibit behavior or meaning that they do not exhibit individually.
Portion of Solid Fuel
A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a solid state.
Grocery Store
A Commercial Facility that is designed to sell food.
Hostel
A Residential Facility that is designed to temporarily lodge guests in a sociable environment for relatively low costs.
Semicircular
A Shape quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having the shape of half a circle.
Portion of Solid Propellant
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a solid state.
Eye Color
A Quality inhering in an Eye by virtue of the color of the Eye's Iris.
Petroleum Depot
A Storage Facility that is designed to store petroleum, oil, or lubricants.
Province
A First-Order Administrative Region that is part of a Country and delimits the authority of a magistrate who holds constitutionally-defined administrative jurisdiction over the defined geographic territory that bounds the Province.
Flow Control Valves are often more complex than a simple Valve and typically include an Actuator that is capable of automatically adjusting the state of the valve in response to signals from a connected Sensor or Controller.
Flow Control Valve
A Valve that is designed to regulate the flow or Pressure of a fluid.
Random Wire Antenna
A Wire Antenna that consists of a long wire suspended above the ground with a length that does not bear a relation to the wavelength of the radio waves used and which is typically used as a receiving antenna on the long, medium, and short wave bands.
Banknote
A Portion of Cash that consists of a portable slips of paper or fabric designed to bear some specified Financial Value.
Very High Frequency Communication Instrument
A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some Very High Frequency.
An Act of Construction typically involves the production of only one or a limited number of goods, such as in the construction of an airport or a community of condominiums.
Act of Construction
An Act of Artifact Processing wherein Artifacts are built on site as prescribed by some contract.
Religious Facility
A Facility that is designed for worship and prayer.
Ground Motor Vehicle
A Ground Vehicle that is designed to receive its motive power from an Engine and is not designed to travel on rails.
Stirling Engine
An External Combusion Engine that is designed to compress and expand some working fluid at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work.
Healthcare Facility
A Facility that is designed for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
Reaction Engine
Reaction Motor
An Engine that provides propulsion by expelling Reaction Mass.
Mobile Telephone
A Telephone that is connected to a Telephone Network by radio waves.
Scalp Hair
A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of hair that grows on the scalp of a human or other animal.
Telephone Line
Telephone Circuit
A Telecommunication Network Line that consists of a physical wire or other signaling medium that is designed to be part of a Telephone Network.
Open Pit Mine
A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ground directly without using tunnels.
Measurement Unit of Flow
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which portions of a substance pass per unit of time.
Frequency Measurement Artifact Function
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Frequency of a specified object or class of objects.
This is a defined class.
Multi-Hour Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Hours and spans at least one Hour.
Book
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity by means of ink, paper, parchment, or other materials fastened together to hinge at one side.
Act of Location Change
An Act of Motion in which the location of some Object is changed by some Agent.
Military Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes related to the armed services.
In traditional astronomical usage, civil time is mean solar time as calculated from midnight as the beginning of the Civil Day.
Note that Civil Time Reference System is more accurately represented as a Temporal Reference System that participates in an act of usage that is sanctioned by an appropriate civil authority. As such, it should be represented as a defined class.
Civil Time Reference System
A Temporal Reference System that is a statutory time scale as designated by civilian authorities to determine local time(s).
Three-Dimensional Path
A Three-Dimensional Spatial Region that encompasses the spatial region through which some Object travels.
Transcript
A Document that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that was originally recorded in a different medium.
Ground Track Point
A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is an idealized point located on the surface of an Astronomical Body directly below an Object Track Point.
Town
A Local Administrative Region in which a human population permanently resides that is typically larger than the population of a Village but smaller than that of a City; is designated as a town based on a particular administrative, legal, or historical status; and which delimits a local Government that typically exercises less power than that of a City Government.
Low Density Residential Area
A Populated Place where houses are on lots of more than one acre.
Anderson et. al. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for use with Remote Sensor Data, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964
Temporal Interval Identifier
One-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier
A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some Temporal Interval.
Measurement Unit of Acceleration
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which objects change their velocities per unit of time.
feet per second per second, kilometers per second per second
Optical Microscope
Light Microscope
A Microscope that is designed to use visible light and a system of Optical Lenses to produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
Wired Communication Artifact Function
A Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of a (usually cylindrical) flexible strand or rod of metal.
Code Identifier
Code ID
ID Code
Identifier Code
A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that was created and assigned according to an encoding system such that metadata can be derived from the identifier.
Although the boundary between Act of Estimation and guessing is vague, estimation can be partially distinguished from guessing in that every Act of Estimation has as input some relevant information; whereas an act of guessing can occur sans information (or at least sans pertinent information). For example, if Mr. Green were asked how many blades of grass are in his lawn, he could simply choose a number (i.e. he could guess) or he could estimate the number by counting how many baldes of grass are in 1 square foot of his lawn, measuring the square footage of his lawn, and then multiplying these values to arrive at a number. Hence, many estimates may be loosely considered to be educated guesses.
Note that, while every Act of Measuring arguably involves some degree of estimation (for example, a measuring instrument rounding to the nearest ten-thousandth or an Agent reading an analog display), it would be a mistake to classify all Acts of Measuring as Acts of Estimation. This holds even for cases (e.g. census taking) in which sofisticated estimations are often more accurate than other means of measuring (e.g. enumeration).
Act of Estimation
Act of Approximation
An Act of Measuring that involves the comparison of a measurement of a similar Entity or of a portion of the Entity being estimated to produce an approximated measurement of the target Entity.
measuring how much time a train will add to your commute by measuring how long it takes for 10 train cars to pass a given point and then combining this information with an estimate of how many train cars are in a typical train based on your past experience
measuring the amount of time required to do a task based on how long it took to do a similar task in the past
measuring the height of a building by counting the number of floors and multiplying it by the height of an average floor in an average building
measuring the property value of a house based on its square footage and the average cost per square foot of other houses in the area
In all cases, the Agent in an Act of Estimation either lacks complete information, lacks access to the relevant information, or chooses not to use the complete information (perhaps to save money or time) about the thing being estimated; instead, the Agent uses some or all of the relevant information that the Agent does have as a basis for arriving at the estimate.
Act of Social Movement
A Social Act composed of a series of performances, displays and campaigns directed at implementing, resisting or undoing a change in society.
Standard Time of Day Identifier
A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using the Hours, Minutes, and Seconds of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant.
Cutting Weapon
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of separating some portion of its target into two or more portions through the application of acutely directed force.
Green
A Color that is between Yellow and Cyan with a wavelength in the visible spectrum, typically between 520 to 560 nanometers.
Process Ending
A Process Boundary that occurs on a Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is the ending instant of the One-Dimensional Temporal Region on which the Process, of which the Process Boundary is a part, occurs.
Bodily Component
A Fiat Object Part located within or on the surface of an Agent.
Bodily Components include anatomical structures, body flora, pathogens, toxins, and their combinations.
Minute
A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Seconds.
Autopilot System
Autopilot
A Vehicle Control System that is designed to enable some Agent to control the trajectory of a Vehicle without constant 'hands-on' control.
An Ordinal Date Identifier may or may not also contain a number indicating a specific Year. If both numbers are included, the ISO 8601 ordinal date format stipulates that the two numbers be formatted as YYYY-DDD or YYYYDDD where [YYYY] indicates a year and [DDD] is the day of that year, from 001 through 365 (or 366 in leap years).
Ordinal Date Identifier
Ordinal Date
A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the beginning of the Year.
Firearm
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Bullets or Cartridges.
Skill
An Agent Capability that inheres in a Person to the extent of that Person's capacity to realize it in Intentional Acts of a certain type.
Infrared Telescope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing infrared light to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Portion of Coolant
A Portion of Material that is designed to be used in a thermal control system to reduce or maintain the temperature of an object to or at a specified level.
Bidirectional Transducer
A Transducer that is designed to receive a signal in the form of physical phenomena and convert it into an electrical signal, and vice versa.
Preferred Stock
Stock that entitles its holder to receive a certain level of dividend payments before any dividends can be issued to other holders.
Seat of National Government
A Government Building that is designed for the administration of a sovereign nation.
Control Surface
A Material Artifact that is designed to deflect air, water, or another medium around its surface in order to change the Attitude of a Vehicle by rotating the Vehicle on one or more of its Axes of Rotation.
Propulsion System
A Material Artifact that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another and which consists of a source of mechanical power and a means of converting this power into propulsive force to generate the movement.
Complex Optical Lens
Lens System
An Optical Lens consisting of more than one Simple Optical Lenses.
Hecht, Eugene (1987). Optics (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-11609-0. Chapters 5 & 6.
Electrical Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to perform a process involving electrical power.
Wave Process
A Natural Process that involves Oscillation accompanied by a transfer of energy that travels through a portion of matter or spatial region.
Stasis of Partially Mission Capable
A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is capable of performing some but not all of its primary functions for the specified Mission.
Portion of Liquid Oxygen
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid oxygen.
Skin Type is classified according to a reference system such as the Fitzpatrick scale: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzpatrick_scale
Skin Type
A Quality inhering in a portion of skin by virtue of its color and natural tendency to respond to ultraviolet light.
Vehicle Compartment
Compartment
A Material Artifact that is designed to partition a Vehicle into subdivisions for various purposes.
Underwater Mine
A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ocean floor.
Square
A Rectangular shape which has four equal length sides and four 90 degree angles.
An End of Life Stasis (EoL) is distinguished from a Stasis of Partially Mission Capable or Stasis of Non-Mission Capable in that EoL is more inclusive such that the participating Artifact may be either Partially or Non-Mission Capable. Additionally, EoL applies only to Artifacts and is typically determined in relation to its original mission and designed primary functions. In contrast, an Artifact's level of Mission Capability depends on the requirements of the mission under consideration such that a given Artifact may simultaneously be Fully Mission Capable for mission1, Partially Mission Capable for mission2, and Non-Mission Capable for mission3.
End of Life Stasis
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when the participating Artifact is no longer capable of realizing all of its designed primary Artifact Functions.
Increase of Generically Dependent Continuant
An Increase of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Generically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Rail Facility
A Transportation Facility that is designed for transferring people or cargo to and from Trains.
Act of Military Force
A Planned Act of employing a Military Force to achieve some desired result.
Mechanical Process
A Process that is the realization of some Disposition of an Artifact
Air Inlet
Air Intake
A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of an opening that is designed to capture and direct the flow of air into the system it is part of.
Translucent
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit some but not all electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs some but not all electromagnetic radiation of that frequency.
Ventilation Control Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to control the quality of air in some space.
Unix Temporal Instant
A Temporal Instant as specified by the number of Seconds that have elapsed since the specified Epoch Time as described by an implementation of Unix Time.
Stasis of Disposition
A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Disposition that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Pump
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to impart motion to a portion of fluid to transport it within a system through the use of mechanical action.
Information Processing Artifact
A Material Artifact that is designed to use algorithms to transform some Information Content Entity into another Information Content Entity.
Artifact Function Specification
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Artifact Function and which is part of some Artifact Model.
Spatial Orientation
Attitude
A Relational Quality that is the angle of Rotation of an Object relative to one or more Plane of Reference or Axis of Rotation.
Measurement Unit
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.
Act of Conducting Mass Media Interview
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving a conversation between a reporter and a person of public interest, used as a basis of a broadcast or publication.
Vehicle Track Point
An Object Track Point that is where a Vehicle is or was located during some motion.
Examples: apologizing, condoling, congratulating, greeting, thanking, accepting (acknowledging an acknowledgment)
Act of Expressive Communication
An Act of Communication in which an Agent expresses their attitudes or emotions towards some entity.
Derived (loosely) from: John Searle's Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language
Solar Time Reference System
A Temporal Reference System that is based on the position of the Sun in the sky.
Bounding Box Point
A Geospatial Position that is a proper part of some Geospatial Region Bounding Box.
First-Order Administrative Region
A Government Domain that is a primary administrative division of a Country.
Performance Specification
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some aspect of the behavior of a participant in a Process given one or more operating conditions.
Maximum Speed at high altitude; Rate of Ascent at 10 degrees celsius with nominal payload.
Portion of Liquid Hydrogen
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid hydrogen.
Tattoo
A Bodily Component that consists of a typically permanent mark or design on a portion of skin that is created by a process of pricking and ingraining an indelible pigment or by raising scars.
Power Transformer
A Material Artifact that is designed to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.
Increase of Quality
An Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Indpendent Continuant has an increase of some Quality that it bears.
Recording Device
An Information Processing Artifact that is designed to capture some information and store it in some recording format on some storage medium.
Examples: advising, admonishing, asking, begging, dismissing, excusing, forbidding, instructing, ordering, permitting, requesting, requiring, suggesting, urging, warning
Act of Directive Communication
An Act of Communication that is intended to cause the hearer to take a particular action.
Third-Order Administrative Region
A Government Domain that is a subdivision of a Second-Order Administrative Region.
Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant
A Stasis in which some Independent Continuant bears some Specifically Dependent Continuant that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Optical Instruments are typically constructed for the purpose of being used to aid in vision or the analysis of light.
Optical Instrument
A Material Artifact that is designed to process light waves.
Light waves can be processed in a variety of ways including via reflection, refraction, diffraction, deflection, focusing, collimation, dispersion, and interference.
Act of Financial Deposit
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent (the Depositor) to another Agent to create a liability to be repaid to the Depositor through an Act of Financial Withdrawal.
Maximum Power
A Power that is characterized by the maximum rate of Work, or Energy consumed, done in a given time period.
Convention on Rights and Duties of States (inter-American); December 26, 1933. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023.
Domain of a Country
A Government Domain that is associated with certain distinct political, ethnic, or cultural characteristics, and which delimits a Government that has legitimate authority over a Populace.
'Country' is an unclear term. Does it refer to the people, the government, the site, or the material in the site? Furthermore, what is properly referred to as a 'Country' is highly dependent on the classification practices of the international community. For example: The United Kingdom is a sovereign country that has Wales, a non-sovereign Country, as a member. Vatican City is a sovereign country that is landlocked by a city: Rome, Italy. Puerto Rico is not a country (it's a territory) but has a government, a distinct culture, and so on. Thus, here we do not define 'Country' but instead define 'Domain of a Country'.
The type of particle quantified is typically either atoms or molecules, but may also be protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, or other particles. The type of particle being measured should always be specified along with the measurement and its unit.
Measurement Unit of Amount of Substance
Measurement Unit of Chemical Amount
Measurement Unit of Enplethy
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the number of a specified type of particle in a portion of matter.
Populace
A Group of Persons forming the total population of some Government Domain.
Act of Government
A Planned Act that is initiated or supported by some Geopolitical Entity and enforced by some Government Agent.
Cargo Cabin
A Vehicle Compartment that is used to store goods or materials during transportation.
Act of Meeting
An Act of Association wherein two or more Persons assemble for some common purpose.
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=meet (Sense Key: meet%2:41:00, get together%2:41:00)
Incendiary Weapon
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of starting a fire.
Artificial Language
A Language that is developed through conscious planning and premeditation, rather than one that was developed through use and repetition.
Flight Transponder
A Radio Transponder that is designed to produce a specified response (typically for identification, location, or status update purposes) when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation.
Clockwise Rotational Motion
CW Rotational Motion
Clockwise Rotation
A Rotational Motion in which the direction of rotation is toward the right as seen relative to the designated side of the plane of rotation.
the axial rotation of the Earth as seen from above the South Pole
Instant Messaging
Act of IMing
Act of Instant Messaging
An Act of Communication by Media in which real-time direct text-based communication occurs between two or more people using personal computers or other devices, along with shared Instant Messaging Client Software conveyed over a network, such as the Internet.
Radio Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 3 kHz and 300 GHz.
Act of Reporting
An Act of Representative Communication performed by giving a detailed account or statement.
Telephone Network
A Telecommunication Network that is designed to allow telephone calls to be made between two or more parties connected to the network.
Generator Control Unit
A Control System that is designed to regulate the voltage of some Electrical Power Source.
While there is always at least one Mode for every set of data, it is possible for any given set of data to have multiple Modes. The Mode is typically most useful when the members of the set are all Nominal Measurement Information Content Entities.
Mode Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Mode
Statistical Mode
A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the value or values that occur most often in the set.
Near Infrared Light Frequency
An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 214 and 400 terahertz.
Hand Gun
A Firearm that is designed to have a relatively short barrel and to be held in one or two hands and to be fired without being braced against the shoulder.
Facial Hair
A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of hair that grows on the face of a human (typically male) or other animal.
Lithium-ion Electric Battery
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that produces electricity when lithium ions move from anode to cathode.
Timekeeping Instrument
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that is about some temporal region.
Manual Tool
Hand Tool
A Tool that is designed to be powered by manual labor rather than by an engine.
Coordinate System Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by a Coordinate System for the purpose of identifying the position of entities along one dimension of the Coordinate System's spatial framework.
Electrical Connector Artifact Function
An Electrical Conduction Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to join electrical terminations to create an electrical circuit.
z-Axis
A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'z'.
Minimum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the smallest or having the least amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities.
Criminal Act
A Planned Act committed in violation of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can prescribe a conviction.
Wave Cycle
A Wave Process that consists of a portion of a Wave Process that begins at an arbitrary point of the Wave Process and ends at the next point when the pattern of the Wave Process begins to repeat.
Large-Scale Rocket Launcher
A Rocket Launcher that is designed to contain multiple Rocket Launchers.
Act of Interpersonal Relationship
An Act of Association between two or more Persons that may range from fleeting to enduring.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 m
Very High Frequency
ITU Band Number 8
A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 MHz.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands
Object Track Point
A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is an idealized point where an Object is or was located during some motion.
Detergent Artifact Function
A Surfactant Artifact Function that is realized in a process that cleans substances in dilute solutions.
Base of Operations
Main Operating Base
A Military Base with permanently stationed operating forces, robust Infrastructure, and strengthened force protection measures such that it is designed to launch and support large-scale operations, support smaller or less-permanent bases, and organize supply facilities.
Civilian Role
A Role that inheres in an Agent or Group of Agents by virtue of that Agent or Group of Agents not being part of either an Armed Force or police force.
Ultraviolet Telescope
UV Telescope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing ultraviolet light to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Organization Member Role
A Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of the responsibilities that Agent is expected to fulfill as a member of some Organization.
Lee, David S., and Brad Glosserman. “How Companies Can Navigate Today’s Geopolitical Risks.” Harvard Business Review, 28 Nov. 2022. hbr.org, https://hbr.org/2022/11/how-companies-can-navigate-todays-geopolitical-risks.
University, Utah State. Geopolitical Power | Aggies GO. https://chass.usu.edu/international-studies/aggies-go/power. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023.
Geopolitical Organization
An Organization that bears a Geopolitical Power Role.
Affordance
A Realizable Entity of an Independent Continuant that creates an opportunity for an Agent to realize some Agent Capability or Disposition in some Act.
J. J. Gibson, "The Theory of Affordances," in The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 1986): 127-143. Available at: https://archive.org/details/pdfy-u5hmFOvOM2Civ4Gz/page/n70/mode/1up.
Arrow
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be fired from a Bow and consists of a long straight stiff shaft with stabilizers (fletchings) and a slot (the nock) on one end and a weighted tip (the arrowhead) on the other end.
More generally, Thrust is the propulsive Force of a Rocket.
Thrust
A Force that is equal in magnitude to but in the opposite direction of an exerted Force and which is used to describe the forward Force of a Jet or Rocket Engine in reaction to the Acceleration of its Reaction Mass in the opposite direction.
Hotel
A Residential Facility that is designed to provide lodging that is paid for on a short-term basis.
Language Skill
A Skill that is realized by an Act which is prescribed by a Language.
Act of Thanking
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing gratitude.
Fragrance Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of perceiving a pleasant or sweet odor.
Axial Rotation Period
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the length of time required for a spinning Object to complete one rotation around its Axis of Rotation.
Blunt
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having a sharp edge or point.
Artifact Version Ordinality
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the form of an Artifact which differs in some respects from previous or future forms of that Artifact.
Authority Role
A Role that is realized by Processes which create, modify, transfer, or eliminate Process Regulations or other Authority Roles, and inheres in an Agent in virtue of collective acceptance of that Agent's ability to issue binding directives.
Authority Roles are externally grounded in a social group's collective acceptance of the binding force of the agent's directives. This acceptance can be direct or indirect (e.g., by accepting a procedure for deputizing authority). Such collective acceptance need not be explicit or cognized; rather, collective acceptance can be expressed in the dispositions and attitudes of people toward that agent's directives. In many cases, the directives issued by Authority Roles are backed by threats of punishment or sanction for failure to comply, but the issuing of a directive plus a threat is not sufficient for authority. Rather, an agent's authority must be accepted either directly or indirectly through the acceptance of a procedure for bestowing authority (e.g., elections).
Ground Track
Ground Trace
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by the line formed on the surface of an Astronomical Body by projecting an imaginary line from the center of the tracked Object to the center of the Astronomical Body as the Object travels above the surface.
The Ground Track is the line on the surface of the Earth or other Astronomical Body that is located directly below the Object Track.
Certificate
An Information Bearing Artifact that bears an Information Content Entity which attests to certain demonstrated characteristics of an Object, Person, or Organization.
Minimum Speed Artifact Function
A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains the lowest speed at which that Artifact is designed to operate.
Act of Homicide
An Act of Violence which causes the unlawful killing of another person.
Facility
A Material Artifact that is designed as a building or campus dedicated to some specific purpose.
Telephone Subscriber Line
A Telephone Line that connects a Communication Endpoint to another node in a Telecommunication Network to enable service to a user's Telephone.
Electrical Contact Artifact Function
An Electrical Conduction Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used as an endpoint of an electrical circuit from which an electrical current is passed via physical contact with the endpoint.
Heliport
An Airport that is designed for launching, receiving, and housing Rotorcraft.
Purple
A Color that is aproximately midway between Red and Blue.
Process Beginning
A Process Boundary that occurs on a Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is the starting instant of the One-Dimensional Temporal Region on which the Process, of which the Process Boundary is a part, occurs.
Measurement Unit of Sound Level
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the level (the loudness) of sounds.
Camera
An Imaging Instrument that is designed to form and digitally or physically record an image of an entity.
Act of Pilgrimage
An Act of Travel to a location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith.
Act of Change of Residence
An Act of Location Change involving one or more Persons moving from one place of residence to another.
Act of Terrorist Training Instruction
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Terrorist Organization by imparting knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of the use of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political, religous, or ideological in nature to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Event Status Nominal Information Content Entity
A Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the current state of a process.
proposed, approved, planned, in progress, completed, failed, or successful
Rifle
A Long Gun that is designed to have a rifled barrel and to fire single Bullets over long ranges with high accuracy.
The exact line of the Object Track may be drawn based on the Center of Mass of the Object or another reference point, such as the location of a transponder beacon or the center of a radar cross-section, depending on the Object being tracked.
Object Track
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that consists of the idealized line along which an Object has traversed during some motion.
Friction Reduction Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of reducing the force resisting the relative motion of surfaces in contact.
One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary
A Fiat Line that is a boundary of some Geospatial Region.
Act of Congratulating
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing vicarious pleasure to a person on the occasion of their success or good fortune.
Sound Wavelength
A Wavelength that is the distance a Sound Wave traverses during one Wave Cycle.
Engine
Motor
A Material Artifact that is designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.
Multi-Day Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Days and spans at least one Day.
Chemical Weapon
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of releasing toxic chemicals.
Subcontinent
A Geospatial Region that is bounded by a large, relatively self-contained landmass forming a subdivision of a Continent.
Moving Target Indication Artifact Function
A Radar Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to identify and produce visual representations of moving entities by using a radar to emit successive phase coherent pulses, which are sampled and added to the subsequent pulse to cancel out signals from non-moving entities such that only signals from moving entities remain and are displayed.
A Radio Telescope consists of a specialized Antenna and a Radio Receiver and is typically used to receive radio waves from sources in outer space.
Radio Telescope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing radio waves to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Shell
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a non-self-propelled projectile and to carry a payload (explosive or other) over a relatively short distance.
Measurement Unit of Area
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of two-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
square feet, square meters, acre, hectare
Major Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the longest line segment that connects two points on the edge of an Ellipse.
Reflecting Optical Telescope
Reflecting Telescope
Reflector
An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light via reflection through the use of one or more curved Mirrors to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Ammunition Depot
A Storage Facility that is designed to store Portions of Ammunition.
Semi-Minor Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is equal to half the length of the Minor Axis of an Ellipse.
Presence Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 4 and 6 kHz.
Time of Day
A Temporal Instant that is part of a Day.
Populated place
An Anthropogenic Feature at which people live or have lived.
Month
A Temporal Interval that is based on the approximate length of time required for a Natural Satellite to complete one cycle of its rotational motion around its Primary Body.
Unless otherwise specified, it is assumed that a Month is specified relative to the Rotational Motion of the Moon around the Earth. Earth Months are approximately equal to four consecutive Weeks or 30 consecutive Days.
Transportation Facility
A Facility that is designed for commencing or concluding the transportation of transportation artifacts, or for housing transportation artifacts.
A Julian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.25 Julian Days. Julian Years are typically indicated by prefixing a capital 'J' in front of the Year number, e.g. J2000.0 or J2018.
Julian Year
A Calendar Year in the Julian Calendar.
Planned Act
Intentional Act
An Act in which at least one Agent plays a causative role and which is prescribed by some Directive Information Content Entity held by at least one of the Agents.
Measurement Unit of Power
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of rates of work.
Diffraction Grating
An Optical Instrument with a periodic structure that is designed to split and defract a beam of light into several beams travelling in different directions.
Torpedo Tube
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Torpedoes.
Pumping Station
A Product Transport Facility that is designed to pump fluids from one place to another.
Stock Certificate
Stock that consists of a Certificate.
Act of Training
A Planned Act in which knowledge, skills or values are imparted from one or more Agents to at least one other Agent.
Act of Vocational Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring skills required for a specific occupation in industry, agriculture or trade from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Vocational School, Technical School, Trade Organization, or Industry Educational Program Provider.
Lighting System
A Material Artifact that is designed to emit light within some area.
Act of Terrorist Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of the use of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political, religous, or ideological in nature from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Terrorist Organization.
Propeller
Propelling Screw
A Material Artifact that is designed to convert rotary motion from an Engine or other mechanical Power Source into propulsive Force.
Measurement Unit of Mass
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of an object's resistance to Acceleration when a Force is applied to the object.
Act of Oath Taking
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by stating or promising, usually calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred.
Two-Dimensional Barcode
A Barcode that is designed to bear lines of varying widths, spacing, height, and color that concretize some Directive Information Content Entity.
Data Matrix Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that consists of cells arranged in rectangular patterns and is used for marking small items in logistics and operations.
Heat Sink
A Material Artifact that is designed to regulate the temperature of a computer by the passive transfer of heat away from other components in the computer.
Fragmentation Artifact Function
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired because of a detonation which causes fragmentation.
Petroleum Manufacturing Facility
A Factory that is designed to manufacture petroleum-based products.
Stasis of Realizable Entity
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears some Realizable Entity that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Road
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel from one location to another.
Chemical Manufacturing Facility
A Factory that is designed to manufacture or process chemicals.
A Shaft is usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly either because of the distance between them or the need to allow for relative movement between those components.
Shaft
A Material Artifact that is designed to rotate and transmit Torque, Power, or Rotational Motion from one machine element to another.
Loss of Realizable Entity
A Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Realizable Entity.
Continent
A Geospatial Region that is bounded by any of the Earth's main continuous expanses of land.
Nozzle
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to control the speed, direction, rate, shape, or pressure of the flow of fluid exiting it.
Information Bearing Entity
IBE
An Object upon which an Information Content Entity generically depends.
Transportation Artifact
A Material Artifact that is fixed in place and designed to bear a Function, the realization of which is sometimes part of a process moving Vehicles and Agents from one location to another.
Portion of Cryogenic Material
A Portion of Material that has been reduced to a very low temperature (below -180 degrees Celcius).
Fluid Control Artifact
A Material Artifact that is designed to manipulate the flow of a fluid (i.e. a liquid or a gas).
Radiopaque
Radiodense
A Radiopacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to prevent most X-rays from passing through it.
One-Dimensional Barcode
A Barcode that is designed to bear parallel lines of varying widths and spacing that concretize some Directive Information Content Entity.
Calendar Month
A Month that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Month.
January; February; March; April; May; June; July; August; September; October; November; December
Muzzle Blast
A Sound Wave Process that is caused by a projectile being pushed from the barrel of a firearm by an explosive charge.
Currently gamma radiation is distinguished from x-rays by their source--either inside or outside of the nucleus--rather than by frequency, energy, and wavelength. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray#Naming_conventions_and_overlap_in_terminology
Gamma Ray Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is above 30 exahertz.
Shop
A Commercial Facility designed to sell small lots of goods to consumers.
A single Clock Time System does not provide a complete means for identifying or measuring times. Depending on the particular Clock Time System, it may be compatible for use with one or more other Temporal Reference Systems.
Clock Time System
A Temporal Reference System that is a convention for keeping and displaying the Time of Day.
Hydraulic Fluid Reservoir
A Container that is designed to store some hydraulic fluid for use in some Hyrdraulic Power Source.
Election
Act of Political Election
A Social Act by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.
Hearing Aid
A Medical Artifact that is designed to improve hearing for its user.
Catalyst Artifact Function
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased due to the participation of an additional substance, without that substance being consumed in the reaction.
Cannon
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to use a controlled explosion to launch a relatively large Portion of Ammunition, such as a Round Shot or a Shell, at a significant Velocity.
Radio Transmitter
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that is designed to generate a radio frequency alternating current, which can be applied to a Radio Antenna to be transmitted as radio waves.
Educational Facility
A Facility that is designed for facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.
Underground Mine
A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ground using underground tunnels and shafts.
Combustion
Burning Process
Combustion Process
A Natural Process in which a Portion of Fuel or other Material Entity is burned.
Communication Interference Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to interfere with the transmission of information for the purpose of preventing communication.
Armed Force
An Organization having the Objective to further the foreign and domestic policies of a Government and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors.
Note that, while reference systems and reference frames are treated as synonyms here, some people treat them as related but separate entities. See: http://www.ggos-portal.org/lang_en/GGOS-Portal/EN/Topics/GeodeticApplications/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames.html
Spatial Reference System
Coordinate System
Spatial Coordinate System
Spatial Reference Frame
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for uniquely identifying the position of an entity or the direction of a vector within a defined spatial region by means of measurements along one or more Coordinate System Axes.
Solar Calendar System
A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of an Astronomical Body's Orbit around the Sun.
Unless otherwise specified, a Solar Calendar System is assumed to be relative to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
Nuclear Weapon
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of a destructive nuclear reaction, either through fission or through a combination of fission and fusion.
The SI unit of measure for Momentum is Newton seconds (N s).
Momentum
A Process Profile of an object in Motion that is the product of its Mass and Velocity with respect to a frame of reference.
Enemy Role
An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent having committed offensive Acts or exhibited intent to perform such Acts towards a particular Agent or Group of Agents or has been declared as hostile by some appropriate authority.
Torpedo
A Precision-Guided Missile that is designed to be fired into a body of water, be self-propelled through the water, and carry an explosive payload.
Albedo
A Radiation Reflectivity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of its surface to reflect incident electromagnetic radiation of a particular wavelength.
Albedo is a reflection coefficient and is measured as the ratio of radiation reflected from the surface to the incident radiation. Albedo is dimensionless, can be expressed as a percentage, and is measured on a scale from 0 for no reflection to 1 for perfect reflection of a surface. Albedo depends on the wavelength of the radiation; when no wavelength is specified, it typically refers to some appropriate average across the spectrum of visible light.
Counterfeit Financial Instrument
A Counterfeit Instrument that is designed to be a fake replica of some legally sanctioned Financial Instrument.
Cylindrical
Columnar
A Three Dimensional Shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having an elongated shape with round bases.
Strength
A Realizable Entity that is realized when its bearer exerts or resists some power, influence, or force.
Strength is intended to be understood broadly here. Physical strength is only one type of Strength. Other subtypes of Strength may include military strength, psychological strength, emotional strength, political strength, technological strength, and so on.
Emergency Locator Transmitter
A Radio Transmitter that is designed to signal distress and provide positional data for the entity it is located on.
Stasis of Partially Mission Capable Maintenance
A Stasis of Partially Mission Capable during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing some of its primary functions for the specified Mission due to participating in an Act Of Maintenance.
Inertial Navigation System
INS
A Navigation System that is designed to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without the need for external references.
Power Source
A Material Artifact that is designed to supply power to some other Artifact.
Radar Imaging Artifact Function
An Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities using radio waves.
Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant
A Decrease of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in some Specifically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Act of Decoy Use
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Decoy.
Artifact Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity which designates some Artifact.
Four of the subtypes of measurements used here (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal, and Ratio) were originally defined by S.S. Stevens in the article "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement" in Science, Vol. 103 No. 2684 on June 7, 1946. For an introductory article with links to additional content including criticisms and alternate classifications of measurements see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement
Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that classifies Entities according to some shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristic.
The sentence "January 20, 1985 was a cold day in Chicago, IL" is the carrier of a nominal measurement.
a measurement that classifies automobiles as sedans, coupes, hatchbacks, or convertibles
a measurement that classifies military intelligence as strategic, operational, or tactical
a measurement that classifies rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
Air-Breathing Jet Engine
Ducted Jet Engine
A Jet Engine that is propelled by a jet of hot exhaust gases formed from air that is drawn into the Engine via an Air Inlet.
Wetness
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which the bearer is covered by a liquid, typically on a continuum of dry to wet.
Angular Velocity
Rotational Velocity
A Velocity that is characterized by both the angular Speed of an object and the Axis about which the object is Rotating.
Portion of Hydrosphere
A fiat object part of the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a natural satellite
Shoulder-Fired Rocket Launcher
A Rocket Launcher that is designed to be small enough to be carried by a single person and fired while supported on the person's shoulder.
Prosthetic Leg
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing leg.
Group of Agents
An Object Aggregate that has only Agents as parts.
Vehicle Transmission
Gearbox
Transmission
A Power Transmission Artifact that is designed to vary the output speed and torque in a rotating power transfer system.
Alternating Current Power Source
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to transfer electrical power in the form of alternating current.
Intercommunication System
A Communication System that is designed to enable some Act of Communication between end points within a building, small collection of buildings, or within a small area of service.
Microscope
An Imaging Instrument that is designed to enable users to see Objects that are otherwise too small to be seen by the naked eye by producing a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
Sound Pressure
Acoustic Pressure
A Pressure that is caused by a Sound Wave and is a local deviation from the ambient Pressure.
Hinge
A Machine Bearing that is designed to limit the angle of Rotation between two solid objects.
Portion of Food
A Portion of Processed Material that is designed to be consumed and ingested for nutrition or taste.
Act of Military Service
An Act of Employment wherein a Person serves as a member of a Military Force, whether voluntarily or by conscription.
Healthcare Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of treating and preventing illness.
Grenade
Hand Grenade
An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be relatively small and to be thrown by hand.
Filtration Artifact Function
A Filter Function that is realized in a process in which some solid entity is prevented from moving along with some quantity of liquid.
Propulsion Process
A Natural Process in which one or more Forces are generated and applied to a participating Object such that the Object is set in Motion or has the direction or magnitude of its Motion altered.
a twin-engine turboprop plane rotating both of its propellers against a portion of atmosphere to propel the plane forward
an apple falling to the ground under the power of Earth's gravitational force
burning a portion of fuel to produce exhaust that is ejected through a jet nozzle to propel a rocket and its payload
heat from a fire causing ashes to rise into the sky
launching a water balloon using a sling shot
turning a paddle wheel against a portion of water to propel the paddle boat forward
In each case, a Propulsion Process minimally involves the Object being propelled, a Reaction Mass (e.g. a portion of water, atmosphere, exhaust, etc.), and the Force(s) acting between these two entities.
Assuming a non-dispersive media, the Wavelength will be the inverse of the Frequency.
Wavelength
A Wave Process Profile that is the distance the Wave Process traverses during one Wave Cycle.
Typically, an IQE will be a complex pattern made up of multiple qualities joined together spatially.
Information Quality Entity
IQE
A Quality that concretizes some Information Content Entity.
Telecommunication Switching Node
A Telecommunication Network Node that is capable of redirecting a communication transmission to another Telecommunication Network Node.
Portion of Liquid Helium
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid helium.
Electronic Signal Processing Artifact Function
A Signal Processing Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to process or transfer information contained in electronic signals.
Disease
A Disposition to undergo pathological processes that exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
Artifact Design
A Directive Information Content Entity that is a specification of an object, manifested by an agent, intended to accomplish goals, in a particular environment, using a set of primitive components, satisfying a set of requirements, subject to constraints.
Act of Reconnaissance
An Act of Intelligence Gathering used to determine an Agent's disposition and intention; the composition and capabilities of Equipment and Facilities, and the surrounding landforms and weather conditions.
Residential Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of residing in a dwelling or home.
Act of Funding
An Act of Financial Instrument Use in which an Agent provides a sum of money to another Agent for a particular purpose.
Artifact Function
A Function that inheres in some Artifact in virtue of that Artifact being designed to be used in processes that require that Function to be realized.
Width
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a horizontal direction.
Radio Transponder
Transmitter-Responder
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that acts as both a Radio Transmitter and responder and is used to wirelessly receive and transmit electrical signals.
UPC Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 6 or 12 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods.
Texture
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the size, shape, and distribution of features on its surface, typically on a continuum from smooth to rough.
Transportation Infrastructure
An Infrastructure System that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another by providing the necessary structures for Persons to travel or for Vehicles to transport material entities.
Multi-Month Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Months and spans at least one Month.
Thermal Power Plant
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert heat energy into electrical energy.
House
A Residential Facility that is designed to provide a self-standing, permanent residence for an individual, family, household, multiple families, or similar-sized group.
Training Camp
A Facility that is designed for rigorous and focused training in order to learn or improve skills, usually involving physical actions.
Gas Turbine
Combustion Turbine
An Internal Combustion Engine that has a rotating compressor and a turbine and is designed to operate utilizing continous Combustion to produce Thrust, either directly via exhaust or indirectly via a prop.
Interphone
An Intercommunication System that that is designed to facilitate some Act of Communication between agents by means of audio messages.
Stasis of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Stasis in which some Independent Continuant bears some Generically Dependent Continuant that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Apartment Building
A Residential Facility that is designed to contain multiple permanent residences comprised of a suite of rooms.
Rocket-Propelled Grenade
An Unguided Rocket that is designed to contain an explosive warhead, be fired from a Shoulder-Fired Rocket Launcher, and be used against Tanks.
Fan
A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades that are designed to act on a portion of fluid to create flow within it.
Agricultural Facility
A Facility that is designed as a building or campus for agricultural processes with the aim of cultivating animals, plants, or fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, or other products to sustain and enhance human life.
Mortar
A Cannon that is designed to fire projectiles at relatively low velocities over relatively short ranges.
Prosthetic Arm
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing arm.
Brake
A Material Artifact that is designed to inhibit the Vehicle's Motion by absorbing energy from a moving system.
Reciprocating Steam Engine
A Steam Engine that is designed to use one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion.
Surfactant Artifact Function
An Emulsifier Artifact Function that is realized in a process that lowers the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.
Act of Measuring
A Planned Act that involves determining the extent, dimensions, quanity, or quality of an Entity relative to some standard.
putting an object on a scale to measure its weight in kilograms
rating Hollywood movies on a 1 to 5 star scale
using a tape measure to determine the height and width of a doorway in inches
Communication Instrument
A Material Artifact that is designed to facilitate communication between at least two entities.
Electronic Bond
A Bond that consists of Bytes.
Filter
A Material Artifact that bears a Filter Function.
Police Station
A Public Safety Facility that is designed for the professional and clerical processes of a local police force.
Cooling System
An Environment Control System that is designed to cool the air or objects in a Site.
Act of Commanding
An Act of Directive Communication that exercises authoritative control or power over another agent's actions.
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=commanding (Edited 08-22-2016)
Satellite Artifact
A Spacecraft that is designed to Orbit a Space Object (typically Earth).
Research Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to perform research on a specified entity or class of entities.
Act of Testifying
An Act of Representative Communication performed by stating one's personal knowledge or belief.
Refracting Optical Telescope
Refracting Telescope
Refractor
An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light via refraction through the use of one or more Lenses to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Act of Publishing Mass Media Article
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of a non-fictional essay, especially one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.
Act of Motion
A Planned Act by which an Agent causes the position or location of some Object to change.
Geospatial Region Bounding Box
A Geospatial Polygon that has some Geospatial Region as a non-tangential proper part.
Julian Date
A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Julian Date epoch.
Wounded Stasis
Wounded
A Damaged Stasis in which a Person or other organism is the bearer of a Quality or Realizable Entity that has suffered impairment (i.e., a decrease or loss) due to an injuring event.
Increase of Function
An Increase of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Function that it bears.
Most rocket engines are also Internal Combustion Engines, however non-combusting forms also exist. For example, an untied balloon full of air that is released and allowed to zoom around the room may be both a Rocket Engine and a Physically Powered Engine.
Rocket Engine
Thruster
A Jet Engine that is designed to use only stored Rocket Propellant to form a high speed propulsive jet in order to generate Thrust.
Wireless Telecommunication Network
Wireless Network
A Telecommunication Network that uses wireless connections to connect Telecommunication Network Nodes.
Pneumatic Motor
Air Motor
Compressed Air Engine
A Physically Powered Engine that converts potential energy stored in a portion of compressed air into mechanical energy.
x-Axis
A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'x'.
Act of Information Processing
A Planned Act in which one or more input Information Content Entities are received, manipulated, transferred, or stored by an Agent.
Act of Military Training Instruction
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Military Organization by imparting knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of Military Operations to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Rotational Motion
Rotation
A Motion Process in which an Object moves in a Circular or Elliptical Path around an Axis of Rotation.
Priority Measurement Information Content Entity
Criticality Measurement
Importance Measurement
Priority Measurement
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the relative importance of an entity.
low, normal, high, urgent, or immediate priority
Act of Condoling
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing sympathy or sorrow.
An Act of Prediction may involve the use of some or no relevant information. An Act of Prediction that utilizes relevant information may also be (or at least involve) an Act of Estimation. Hence, these two classes are not disjoint. Furthermore, neither class subsumes the other since estimates can be made about existing entities and not all predictions produce measurements (e.g. predicting that it will rain tomorrow).
Act of Prediction
A Planned Act that involves the generation of a Predictive Information Content entity that is intended to describe an uncertain possible future event, value, entity, or attribute of an entity.
a chess master predicting the next 8 moves his opponent will make
predicting that a particular stock will double in value over the next fiscal quarter
using sample exit polls data to predict the winners of an election
Predictions can only be made about things that are not yet the case (i.e. future things) and are further restricted to being about things that do not have a probability of either 1 (necessary) or 0 (impossible). For example, assuming that no organism is immortal, one cannot predict of a given organism that it will eventually die; however, one may predict uncertain things about the organism's eventual death, such as its precise cause or time.
Power Transformer Rectifier Unit
TRU
A Material Artifact that is designed to perform the functions of both a Rectifier and a Transformer.
Geospatial Position
A Fiat Point that is at or near the surface of the Earth and fixed according to some Geospatial Coordinate Reference System.
Measurement Unit of Volumetric Flow Rate
A Measurement Unit of Flow that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which volumes of fluid pass per unit time.
cubic metres per second, standard cubic centimeters per minute, cubic feet per second, gallons per minute
Warehouse
A Storage Facility that is designed to store commercial goods.
Portion of Gallium Arsenide
Portion of GaAs
A Portion of Material that is composed of a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic.
Disability
A Quality inhering in an Agent by virtue a physical or mental condition that limits the Agent's movements, senses, or activities.
Color
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's Color Hue, Color Saturation and Color Brightness.
Examples: affirming, alleging, announcing, answering, attributing, claiming, classifying, concurring, confirming, conjecturing, denying, disagreeing, disclosing, disputing, identifying, informing, insisting, predicting, ranking, reporting, stating, stipulating
Act of Representative Communication
An Act of Communication that commits a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.
Pressure
A Force that is applied perpendicular to the surface of an Object per unit area over which that Force is distributed.
Weapon Manufacturing Facility
A Factory that is designed to produce or assemble weapons.
Spreadsheet
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity in an interactive, tabular form.
Nuclear Family
A Family composed of parents and their children.
Rectilinear Motion
Linear Motion
A Translational Motion process in which an Object moves along a straight path.
Wide
Broad
Fat
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a width or depth which is significantly larger in proportion to its length or height.
Essentially, webcasting is “broadcasting” over the Internet.
Webcast
Act of Webcasting
An Act of Communciation by Media transmitted to an audience over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source that may be distributed live or on demand.
Axis of Rotation
Rotational Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by the line around which a spinning body rotates.
Citizen
A Person who is the bearer of some Citizen Role.
Act of Buying
An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Buyer) to acquire ownership of a good from another Agent (the Seller).
Spatial Region Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Spatial Region.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1–0.1 mm
Tremendously High Frequency
ITU Band Number 12
Submillimeter Band Frequency
Terahertz Radiation Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 300 GHz and 3 THz.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Allegiance Role
A Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of the support it has committed to provide to another Agent when that Agent is involved in a conflict.
Yaw Axis
Vertical Axis
An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass from the top to the bottom and is perpendicular to the direction of the object's motion. For objects in Orbit, the Yaw Axis passes through the Barycenter of its Orbit.
Internal Combustion Engine
A Combustion Engine that is designed to have an internal Combustion Chamber where portions of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture are burned to generate thermal energy that is then converted into mechanical energy.
Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant
A Gain of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Specifically Dependent Continuant.
A Person becomes pregnant (gain of quality), A person becomes forgetful (gain of disposition), A vehicle becomes amphibious (gain of function), A Person becomes a Database Administrator (gain of role).
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100,000–10,000 km
Extremely Low Frequency
ITU Band Number 1
A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 Hz.
Combustion Chamber
Burner
Combustor
Flame Holder
A Material Artifact that is designed to wholly or partially bound an internal Site where a Combustion process is intended to occur.
Reference System
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a set of standards for organizing and understanding data of the specified type or domain.
Temporal Region Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Temporal Region.
Park
An Anthropogenic Feature that is a bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation.
Fundamental Frequency
A Sound Frequency that is the lowest Frequency of a Sound Wave.
Act of Communication
A Planned Act in which some Information Content Entity is transferred from some Agent to Another.
Diffraction Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a diffraction event in which the Artifact forces a wave to bend around the corners of an obstacle or aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle.
Iris
A Bodily Component that consists of the part of an Eye that is a pigmented, round, contractile membrane, suspended between the cornea and lens and perforated by the pupil, and which canonically regulates the amount of light entering the Eye.
Second-Order Administrative Region
A Government Domain that is a subdivision of a First-Order Administrative Region.
Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate
A Measurement Unit specifying the geospatial coordinates of a location.
Electrical Resistance Artifact Function
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which an Artifact opposes the flow of an electric current.
Government Organization
An Organization that is part of a Government and is responsible for the oversight or administration of specific governmental functions.
Spark Ignition System
An Ignition System that is designed to produce a spark in order to initiate an Ignition process.
Residential Facility
A Facility that is designed to house one or more Persons.
Speed Measurement Artifact Function
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Speed of a specified object's or class of objects' Motion.
Oxidizer Artifact Function
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which electrons are removed from a reactant in a redox reaction.
Electron Microscope
A Microscope that is designed to use a beam of accelerated electrons to illuminate the target and produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
Square Waveform
A Waveform that is characterized by a square shape due to the near-instantaneous transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Anti-Microbial Artifact Function
A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a microorganism.
Act of Publishing Mass Media Press Release
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of an official statement issued to one or more members of the media for the purpose of announcing newsworthy information.
Prosthetic Hand
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing hand.
Biographical Life
An Act composed of the Life Events that occur during the course of existence of an Agent (i.e. Person or Organization).
Part Number
A Code Identifier that designates a type of part whose instances are designed to be part of some Artifact.
Computer
An Information Processing Artifact that is designed to execute an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically.
Nuclear Power Plant
A Thermal Power Plant that is designed to produce heat by means of a nuclear reactor, which is then converted to electrical energy.
Communication Reception Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to receive information that has been transmitted for the purpose of communiction.
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Facility
A Factory that is designed to manufacture automobiles.
Sharp
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a fine point or thin edge.
A Gregorian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.2425 Gregorian Days. The Gregorian Year is based upon the vernal equinox year. Unless otherwise stated, instances of Calendar Year are assumed to be instances of Gregorian Year since the Gregorian Calendar is the most widely used civil Calendar System.
Gregorian Year
A Calendar Year in the Gregorian Calendar.
Military Personnel Force
An Armed Force authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the Government and some or all of its Citizens.
Armored Fighting Vehicle
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to be armored and used to transport and support military personal in combat missions.
Railway Junction
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable a Train to switch between the tracks of two routes.
Codabar Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of numbers 0-9 and the characters -$:/.+ and is used by logistics and healthcare professionals.
Stable Orientation
A Stasis of Quality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an object maintains the same Spatial Orientation.
External Combustion Engine
A Combustion Engine that is designed to have an external Combustion Chamber where portions of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture are burned to generate thermal energy to heat the working fluid, which transfers energy to the Engine where it is converted into mechanical energy.
Missile Launch Site
A Military Facility that is designed for storing and launching missiles.
Act of Association
A Social Act wherein an Agent unites with some other Agent in a Planned Act, enterprise or business.
Simple Optical Lens
An Optical Lens consisting of a single piece of transparent material.
A Gregorian Day is twenty-four Hours in duration.
Gregorian Day
A Calendar Day in the Gregorian Calendar.
X-ray Microscope
A Microscope that is designed to use Electromagnetic Radiation in the soft X-ray band to produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
Enhancing Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of intensifying, increainsg, or further improving the quality, value, or extent of some entity.
Act of Official Documentation
An Act of Declarative Communication in which an Agent records some information for official use by another Agent.
Black
A Color that lacks any hues as parts.
Watercraft
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by water travel.
Temperature
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its thermal energy.
Radioactive
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity.
Commercial Organization
An Organization that is the bearer of a Commercial Role and whose primary objective is to make a profit from the provision of goods or services.
Measurement Unit of Energy
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the Amount of work that is available in an object.
Weapon
A Material Artifact that is designed to destroy or inflict damage to structures or systems, or to kill or wound living things by creating specific lethal or nonlethal effects.
Nonlethal effects include all outcomes short of death or destruction. This is captured by the fact that Damaged Stasis and Wounded Stasis are defined in terms of impairment of the Independent Continuant that participates in them.
Circumference
A Perimeter that inheres in a circle or ellipse.
Triangular
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having exactly three angles and exactly three sides.
Motion Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an entity changes its position with respect to time.
Comment: Remuneration normally consists of salary or hourly wages, but also applies to commission, stock options, fringe benefits, etc.
Act of Remuneration
An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Employer) to compensate another Agent (the Employee) for the services they perform for the Employer.
Silver Color
A Color that resembles Grey with the added feature of having a metallic shine.
Collimation Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a collimation event in which the Artifact narrows a beam of particles or waves by either causing the spatial cross-section of the beam to become smaller or by causing the directions of motion of the beam's constituents to be aligned in a specifc direction of Motion.
Timekeeping Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to keep track of and report the current time.
Controlling air quality typically involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odor, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other undesired gases or particulates.
Environment Control System
A Material Artifact that is designed to control the temperature, air quality, or other feature of a Site that is relevant to the comfort or operation of entities located within that Site.
Compression Ignition System
An Ignition System that is designed to generate heat by compressing a portion of fuel and oxidizer mixture in order to initiate an Ignition process.
Act of Ceremony
A Social Act of ritual significance, performed on a special occasion.
Railway
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Trains to transport passengers and goods.
Portion of Material
A Portion of Processed Material that was produced to be used as the input for another Act of Artifact Processing.
Coupling
A Material Artifact that is designed to connect two Shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power.
Fluorescence
A Luminescent Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light while absorbing shorter wavelength radiation, but not after.
Local Administrative Region
Locality
A Government Domain that delimits a local Government.
ISSN Barcode
An EAN Barcode that is used to designate periodicals.
This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the BFO 'occupies temporal region' property) that the Entity bears the Function.
Gain of Function
A Gain of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Function.
Act of Educational Training Instruction
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Educational Organization by imparting knowledge of a curriculum to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Oblong
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having an long thin shape with approximately parallel sides.
A Day begins at midnight GMT within the Modified Julian Date reference system. The Modified Julian Date (MJD) is related to the Julian Date (JD) by the formula: MJD = JD - 2400000.5
Modified Julian Date
A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Modified Julian Date epoch.
Orientation Control Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to control the Orientation of some object.
Armored Personnel Carrier
An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to transport infantry to the battlefield but which are not usually designed to take part in a direct-fire battle.
Office Building
A Commercial Facility that is designed as an environment for conducting commercial, professional, or bureaucratic work.
Geospatial Coordinate Reference System
Geographic Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that is used to determine and identify the location of a point or object at or near the surface of the Earth.
Academic Degree
A Certificate issued by an Educational Organization to a Person to indicate that the Person has satisfactorily completed a course of study, or as an honorary recognition of the Person's achievement.
Warning Message
A Notification Message that is designed to bear an Information Content Entity that describes a possible or impending threat.
Geospatial Region
A Site that is at or near the surface of the Earth.
Fourth-Order Administrative Region
A Government Domain that is a subdivision of a Third-Order Administrative Region.
Curved
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having borders which are smoothly rounded.
Portion of Cash
A Financial Instrument that is designed to be a ready medium of exchange.
Objective
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some projected state that some Agent intends to achieve.
Fuel Cell
An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte; converts chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction of positively charged hydrogen ions with an oxidizing agent (typically oxygen); and, if given a continuous source of fuel and oxidizing agent, can continuously produce electricity.
A Fuel Cell differs from a Battery in that it requires a continuous source of fuel and oxygen to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas a Battery only uses chemicals already stored inside it.
Cuboidal
A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having six Rectangular faces.
Public Safety Facility
A Facility that is designed for the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger, injure, or damage the general public.
Life Support Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact materially affects an organism, where this causes that organism to continue living in a situation where death would otherwise occur.
Research and Development Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of producing new knowledge or of devising new applications of existing knowledge.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Artifact Function
A Radar Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities using the motion of a radar antenna over a targeted region to create a synthetic aperture.
Military Base
A Military Facility that is designed to shelter military equipment and personnel and to facilitate training and operations.
Concave Shape
A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having one or more cavities, such that at least one line connecting a pair of points on the surface of the bearer will lie outside.
Commercial Role
A Role that inheres in an Organization by virtue of its establishment as a for-profit business.
Neutral Role
An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent not performing or being committed to performing Acts that have as their Objective to either support or undermine the Objectives of an Agent or Group of Agents involved in some conflict.
Geospatial Location
A Geospatial Region that is at which an Entity or Event is located.
Tripod
A Material Artifact that consists of three legs and a platform that joins them and which is designed to support the weight and maintain the stability of objects that are attached to or rested on the platform.
High Density Residential Area
A Populated Place which is characterized by densely contained multiple-unit living structures.
X-ray Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 30 petahertz and 30 exahertz.
Detonating Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of combustion involving a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.
Email Messaging
Act of Emailing
An Act of Communication by Media in which text-based communication occurs between two or more people using personal computers or other devices using some Email Client Software conveyed over the Internet.
Code List
A List that contains an ordered sequence of Information Bearing Entities that carry Code Identifiers.
Serrated
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having multiple sharp points along a edge.
Radio Communication Interference Artifact Function
A Communication Interference Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to interfere with the transmission of information via radio waves.
Natural Language
A Language that is developed and evolves through use and repetition, rather than through conscious planning or premeditation.
Measurement Unit of Force
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of interactions in which the Motion or Velocity of an object is changed, unless the interaction is opposed.
A Julian Day begins at noon Universal Time and is twenty-four Hours in duration.
Julian Day
A Calendar Day in the Julian Calendar.
Wire Antenna
A Radio Antenna that consists primarily of a length of wire.
Eye
A Bodily Component that consists of an organ that canonically affords the Agent it is part of with the ability to receive visual stimuli necessary for sight.
Act of Financial Withdrawal
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent to another Agent (the Depositor) from an account created by an earlier Act of Financial Deposit performed by the Depositor.
Measurement Unit of Area Moment of Inertia
Measurement Unit of Second Area Moment
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to an axis.
A measure of an object’s resistance to bending or deflection.
Power
A Process Profile that is characterized by the rate of Work, or Energy consumed, done in a given time period.
Optical Processing Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a visible light processing event.
Center of Mass
A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the point where the weighted position vectors of the distributed Mass of a Material Entity relative to this point sum to zero.
Contractor Role
A Role that inheres in an Agent or Group of Agents by virtue of that Agent or Group of Agents entering into a Contract to provide materials or labor to perform a service or complete a task.
A Contractor Role differs from an Occupation Role in at least two ways. First, the Contract that binds the two parties together is not one of employment. Second, a Contractor Role is occupationally neutral in that an Agent can be contracted to perform any number of Occupational Roles.
Ethnic Group
A Group of Persons who identify with one another based on one or more shared inherited characteristics such as language, ancestry, nationality, culture, customs, religion, or social experiences.
Near Ultraviolet Light Frequency
An Ultraviolet Light Frequency that is between 750 terahertz and 3 petahertz.
Service Provider
An Organization whose purpose is to provide a service to other Agents.
Mosque
A Religious Facility that is designed for Islamic worship and prayer.
Act of Planning
A Planned Act that involves making a Plan to achieve some specified Objective.
Radiation Emissivity
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to emit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency.
Act of Tool Use
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Tool.
Transverse Wave Profile
Transverse Wave
A Wave Process Profile in which the displacement of participating particles is perpendicular to the direction of the Wave Process' propogation.
Act of Vehicle Use
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Vehicle.
Pneumatic Power Source
A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, or transmit power by means of compressed air or compressed inert gases.
Act of Communication by Media
An Act of Communication in which some Artifact is used to transfer an Information Bearing Entity from sender(s) to receiver(s).
Measurement Unit of Currency
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of financial values.
U.S. Dollar, Euro, Yuan, South African Rand
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 mm
Extremely High Frequency
ITU Band Number 11
Millimeter Band Frequency
A Microwave Frequency that is between 30 and 300 GHz.
Act of Departure
An Act of Location Change that consists of the participating entity leaving its starting location such that the larger Act of Location Change is initiated.
Act of Assassination
An Act of Murder of a prominent person.
Pulsejet Engine
Pulse Jet
Pulsejet
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that is capable of operating statically and uses intermittent (pulsing) Combustion of the fuel-oxidizer mixture before expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust.
Loudness
A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the amplitude and total energy of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from soft to loud.
Air Conditioning Unit
AC Unit
A Cooling System that is designed to remove excess heat and humidity from the air in an enclosed space.
Transparent
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit all or nearly all electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs little or no electromagnetic radiation of that frequency.
Gamma-ray Telescope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing Gamma-rays to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Measurement Unit of Rotational Inertia
Measurement Unit of Moment of Inertia
Measurement Unit of Rotational Mass
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to its axis of rotation.
A measure of an object’s resistance to change in its state of rotation.
White
A Color of maximum brightness, the color of objects that reflect nearly all wavelengths of the visible light spectrum, thus considered achromatic.
Date Identifier
Day Identifier
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Day.
Sound waves with frequencies in this range are typically audible to humans.
Sonic Frequency
Audible Frequency
A Sound Frequency that is between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.
Communications Facility
A Facility that is designed to support processes of receiving or transmitting information.
Government of a Country
A Government that has legitimate authority within and is delimited by a Domain of a Country.
Some (most) jet engines utilize turbines, but some do not. Most rocket engines do not utilize turbines, but some do.
Jet Engine
A Reaction Engine that discharges a fast moving jet that generates Thrust by jet propulsion.
Cutting Artifact Function
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired by being opened or divided.
Decrease of Quality
A Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Quality that it bears.
Weight Loss, Decreasing Temperature, decreasing color intensity, loss of structural integrity
Bond Certificate
A Bond that consists of a Certificate.
Financial Instrument
A Material Artifact that is designed to be a tradeable asset and that is legally sanctioned.
Defoliant Artifact Function
An Herbicide Artifact Function that is realized in a process that causes a plant to lose its leaves.
Count Measurement Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the number of members of some aggregate.
Temporal Instant Identifier
Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier
A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some Temporal Instant.
Diameter
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a circle in virtue of the extent of a straight line that passes through the center of the circle and starts and ends on the circle's boundary.
Loss of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Loss of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the carrier of some Generically Dependent Continuant.
Decrease of Disposition
A Decrease of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Disposition it bears.
Although people speak of targeting a process, say, a parade, what in fact are being targeted are the material participants of that process. The disruption or ceasing of the process is the objective of some plan, but not technically a target. Only material things can be targeted for action. Even if some dependent entity is described as being the target, the material thing for which that dependent entity depends is the object of a targeting process.
Target
A Material Entity that is the object of an Act of Targeting.
Seat of Local Government
City Hall
Town Hall
A Government Building that is designed for the administration of a local community.
Unplanned Act
Unintentional Act
An Act in which at least one Agent plays a causative role and which is not prescribed by some Objective held by any of the Agents.
Telescope
An Imaging Instrument that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing Electromagnetic Radiation to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Vulnerability | Definition of Vulnerability by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.Com Also Meaning of Vulnerability. https://web.archive.org/web/20210118111731/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/vulnerability. Accessed 19 Dec. 2022.
Vulnerability
A Disrupting Disposition the realization of which would disrupt a process that the bearer of the Disrupting Disposition has an interest in.
This is defined class. A Vulnerability is indexed by the interest_in object property. A disposition can be a Vulnerability according to one index and not a Vulnerability according to another index.
Water Transportation Artifact
A Transportation Artifact that is fixed in place and designed to bear a Function, the realization of which is sometimes part of a process of moving Vehicles and Agents from one location to another via water.
Morning
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am) and reaches its apex (approximately 12:00pm).
Organism
An Object that is an Animal or Plant.
Explosive Weapon
Bomb
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of a violent release of energy caused by the exothermic reaction of an explosive material.
Process Prohibition
A Process Regulation that prohibits some Process.
Gain of Dependent Continuant
A Change in which an Independent Continuant becomes the bearer or carrier of some Dependent Continuant.
Enhanced Stasis
Enhanced
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has undergone improvement (i.e., an increase or gain) due to a previous action or event such that the Independent Continuant is now of greater value, usefulness, or functionality.
Depending on the nature of the Flight or Mission, the Payload of a Vehicle may include cargo, passengers, flight crew, munitions, scientific instruments or experiments, or other equipment. Extra fuel, when optionally carried, is also considered part of the payload.
Payload
A Material Entity that is transported by a Vehicle during an Act of Location Change for the purpose of being delivered to or performing one or more functions at a predefined location.
In each case, the Payload is what provides the immediate reason for performing the Act of Location Change (e.g. transporting the passengers of a commercial airline flight to their destination; transporting food, fuel, oxygen, research equipment, and spare parts to the International Space Station; or conveying an array of sensors, cameras, and communications systems so they can operate during a Sun-Synchronous Earth Orbit).
Stasis of Non-Mission Capable
A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing any of its primary functions for the specified Mission.
Visible Light Reflection Process
A Wave Process in which an Electromagnetic Wave with a Visible Light Frequency is reflected off a portion of matter.
QR Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that consists of numeric, alphanumeric, binary, or kanji information and is used primarily for tracking and marketing.
Cone Shape
A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having a Round base that tapers smoothly to an apex.
Dam
A Material Artifact that is designed to impound surface water or underground streams.
Animal
An Organism that is multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and capable of motility for part of its life.
Hydrographic Feature
A Geographic Feature associated with water.
Educational Organization
An Organization whose primary purpose is to provide training or otherwise facilitate learning or the acquisition of knowledge, Skills, values, beliefs, or habits.
Cube Shape
A Cuboidal shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having six Square faces.
Act of Artifact Employment
A Planned Act of using an Artifact.
This is a general term that applies to both military and civilian activities, such as the Geospatial Region within which a company conducts its business.
Operational Area
A Geospatial Location in which an Agent conducts some activity.
Organization Capability
An Agent Capability that inheres in an Organization to the extent of that Organization's capacity to realize it in Intentional Acts of a certain type.
Sensor
A Transducer that is designed to convert incoming energy into a output signal which reliably corresponds to changes in that energy.
Force
A Process Profile that is the rate of change of an object's Momentum, is the product of an object's Mass and Acceleration with respect to an inertial frame of reference, and is measured in units of Newtons (N).
Article of Solid Waste
A Portion of Waste Material that has a low liquid content.
Sound Production
Sound Production Process
A Wave Production Process that produces a Sound Wave.
Act of Religious Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tenets and/or practices of a religion from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Religious Organization.
Environmental Feature
A Material Entity that is either a natural or man-made feature of the environment.
Quality Specification
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Quality.
Scalp
A Bodily Component that consists of the skin covering the top of the head of a human or other animal.
Power Rectifier
A Material Artifact that is designed to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
Sloped
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a horizontal border which is not level.
Thin
Narrow
Slender
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a width or depth which is significantly smaller in proportion to its length or height.
Sine Waveform
Sinusoidal Waveform
A Waveform that is characterized by a smooth curved shape due to the continuous non-linear transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Tool
A Material Artifact that is designed to assist in the performance of manual or mechanical work and not to be consumed in that process.
Code 93 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of up to 93 ASCII characters and is used in logistics to identify packages in retail inventory, lable electornic components, and provide supplementary delivery information.
Motel
A Hotel that is designed to accommodate motor vehicles along with their occupants.
An Act of Position Change does not entail a change of location.
Act of Position Change
An Act of Motion in which the position (i.e. the orientation, alignment, or arrangement) of some Object or of one or more of an Object's parts is changed by some Agent.
swivelling your office chair to face the window
Sawtooth Waveform
A Waveform that is characterized by a sawtooth shape due to the continuous linear transition from minimum to maximum Amplitudes followed by a near-instantaneous transition from the maximum to minimum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Controllable Pitch Propeller
Variable-Pitch Propeller
A Propeller whose blades are designed to be alterable by rotating the blades about their vertical axis by means of mechanical or hydraulic arrangement.
Ally Role
An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of that Agent's commitment to perform Acts that support the Objectives of a particular Agent or Group of Agents.
Act of Mass Media Communication
An Act of Communication intended to reach a large audience using a medium such as the internet, television, radio, newspaper, and magazine.
Julian Date Fraction
Julian Date Time Identifier
Julian Day Fraction
A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Julian Day.
Convex Shape
A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having a cavity, such that no line connecting a pair of points on the surface of the bearer will lie outside.
Artifact Location
A Site that is the location of some Artifact.
'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity' and 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity' are complementary notions. Deviation is a measure of whether reality conforms to an ICE (e.g., a plan or prediction), whereas Veracity is a measure of whether a Descriptive ICE conforms to reality.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information ('Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity
Accuracy of Information
Trueness Measurement
Veracity Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which a description conforms to the reality it describes.
Portion of Propellant
A Portion of Material that is designed to be used as an input in a Propulsion Process to produce Thrust.
Ignition Process
Ignition
A Natural Process that initiates a Combustion process.
Act of Cargo Transportation
An Act of Location Change involving the movement of manufactured goods through some Transportation Agent.
JAN-13 Barcode
An EAN Barcode that consists of 13 numerical digits and is used primarily in Japan to designate products at the point of sale.
Instrument Display Panel
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear information about some Artifact that is derived by the instrumentation Sensors of that Artifact.
Valve
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to regulate, direct, or control the flow of fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing the fluid from moving along a passageway.
Interpersonal Relationship Role
A Role that inheres in a Person in virtue of the obligations, expectations, or social norms that govern that Person's Intentional Acts within the context of a relationship with another Person.
Legal Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of giving legal advice to clients drafting legal documents for clients and representing clients in legal negotiations and court proceedings such as lawsuits.
Imaging Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities.
ITF Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of an even number of numerical characters and is used primarily in packaging and distribution.
Navigation Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to determine the precise location of itself or another object and plan a route to a specified destination.
Maximum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the largest or having the greatest amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities.
Abbreviated Name
A Designative Name that is a shortened form of a Proper Name.
Trucks vary greatly in their size and power -- ranging from small ultra-light trucks to enormous heavy trucks. Trucks also vary greatly in their configurations -- ranging from very basic flatbeds or box trucks to highly specialized cargo carriers. Trucks may also be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks, concrete mixers, and suction excavators.
Truck
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to be used to transport cargo.
Thickness
A Depth that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it extending inward through an object.
Financial Value
A quality that inheres in an independent continuant to the degree that that independent continuant can serve as a medium of exchange in an economic system at a particular time.
This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the BFO 'occupies temporal region' property) that the Entity bears the Disposition.
Gain of Disposition
A Gain of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Disposition.
Ultraviolet Light Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 750 terahertz and 30 petahertz.
Increase of Realizable Entity
An Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Realizable Entity that it bears.
Act of Weapon Use
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Weapon.
Loss of Role
A Loss of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Role.
'Matter' here can also refer to the inertial energy of an object.
Typical unit of measure is the kilogram or pound.
Mass
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the amount of matter in that bearer.
Act of Encounter
An Act of Association wherein two or more Persons meet in a casual or unplanned manner.
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=encounter (Sense Key: Encounter%2:38:00)
Religion
An Information Content Entity that consists of a collection of claims about the meaning or origin of existence or about the existence or nature of one or more deities, an afterlife, or spiritual or sacred entities, and which is accepted as true by an Agent or Group of Agents.
Infrared Camera
Thermal Imaging Camera
Thermographic Camera
A Camera that is designed to form and record an image generated from infrared radiation.
Ground Vehicle
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by some form of ground travel.
Week
A Temporal Interval that is equal to seven consecutive Days.
Radiopacity
Radiodensity
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to allow or prevent X-rays to pass through it.
Inverse Sawtooth Waveform
A Waveform that is characterized by a sawtooth shape due to the continuous linear transition from maximum to minimum Amplitudes followed by a near-instantaneous transition from the minimum to maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Stasis of Fully Mission Capable
A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is capable of performing all of its primary functions for the specified Mission.
Impact Shielding Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact reduces the damage caused to the shielded object by an impact with another object.
Report
A Document that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that conveys an account of some event, situation, or the result of some observation or inquiry.
Nozzle Throat
A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of the narrowest portion of a Nozzle that is designed to converge the flow of fluid in order to increase the Velocity of the flow.
Since predictions are inherently about not-yet-existant things, the Modal Relation Ontology term 'describes' (i.e. mro:describes) should be used (instead of the standard cco:describes) to relate instances of Predictive Information Content Entity to the entities they are about.
Predictive Information Content Entity
Prediction
Prediction Information Content Entity
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes an uncertain future event.
Infrastructure Element
A Material Entity that bears an Infrastructure Role.
Electromagnetic Radiation Property
A Disposition that inheres in an bearer in virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
Deception Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes which misinform or mislead some other entity.
Universal Time Reference System
A Solar Time Reference System that is based on the average speed of the Earth's rotation and which uses the prime meridian at 0° longitude as a reference point.
Material Territory of a Country
The portions of lithosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere that together exactly occupy a The Domain of a Country.
Magnetism
A Disposition that is realized when its bearer exerts a magnetic force on another entity.
When an object is "weighed", in the typical case, it is done so by taking into account the local force of gravity to determine the object's mass, whose standard of measure is the kilogram. The actual unit of measure of weight is the newton.
Weight
A Quality that inheres in some material entity with a mass in virtue of its location in some gravitational field.
Steam Engine
An External Combustion Engine that is designed to use steam as its working fluid.
Refraction Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a refraction event in which the Artifact causes a change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.
Note that, while most if not all Acts of Appraisal involve some estimating and many Acts of Estimation involve some appraising (i.e. these classes are not disjoint), neither class subsumes the other. For example, some Acts of Appraisal (e.g. a tax assessor appraising the value of a building) impart a normative element to the measured value while others (e.g. a gustatory appraisal that fresh green beans taste better than canned green beans) involve complete information. Furthermore, many Acts of Estimation (e.g. estimating the height of a tree) are concerned solely with determining a numerical value (as opposed to the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality).
Act of Appraisal
An Act of Measuring that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality of something or someone.
a food critic rating the quality of a restaurant's ambiance, service, and food
a mechanic assessing whether a damaged vehicle is repairable
an insurance agent appraising the financial value of a building
In the context of an Act of Appraisal, the terms 'value', 'condition', and 'quality' do not have the same meanings as their counterparts that are defined in the Common Core Ontologies. For example, a knife may be appraised to be of high quality if it is sharp and sturdy or to be of inferior quality if it is dull or fragile.
Portion of Gaseous Propellant
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a gaseous state.
Heat Engine
An Engine that is designed to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy.
Mine
A Facility that is designed to support the extraction of minerals or other geological materials from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit within the earth.
Email Message
A Message that is transmitted to the recipient's Email Box.
Entertainment Facility
A Facility that is designed to host activities that are intended to hold the interest of, or give pleasure or delight to, an audience.
Gain of Realizable Entity
A Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Realizable Entity.
An informant becomes unreliable (disposition), A person begins to speak French (function), a person becomes a welder (role).
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 km
Low Frequency
ITU Band Number 5
A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 kHz.
Oscillation is often thought of in the sense of motion, e.g., a swinging clock pendulum. However, the repetitive variation in location around a central point is technically a process of vibration, sometimes referred to as mechanical oscillation. Use the term Vibration Motion for those cases.
Oscillation Process
Oscillation
A Change in which the dependent entity alternates between two or more stases.
Permanent Resident
A person with a Permanent Resident Role.
Highway
A Road that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel between relatively major destinations.
Organization Member
A Person who is affiliated with some Organization by being a member of that Organization.
Color Brightness
Color Intensity
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect or radiate light.
Non-Name Identifier
Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified namespace or context, is not a Designative Name, may be automatically or randomly generated, and typically has no preexisting cultural or social significance.
Ground Moving Target Indication Artifact Function
A Moving Target Indication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to identify and track entities moving on or near the ground.
Containing Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which one entity contains another.
Decoy
A Material Artifact that is designed to distract or conceal what an individual or group might be looking for.
Algorithm
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Process and contains a finite sequence of unambiguous instructions in order to achieve some Objective.
Act of Terrorism
An Act of Violence which creates fear and which is prescribed by religious, political or ideological objectives, and which deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilians and are committed by members of non-government organizations.
Mailing Facility
A Facility that is designed for the systematic physical transportation of documents and packages.
Radiological Weapon
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of releasing radioactive material.
Distance Measurement Artifact Function
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the spatial Distance to a specified object or class of objects.
Missile Launcher
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch one or more Precision-Guided Missiles.
Measurement Unit of Torque
Measurement Unit of Moment of Force
Measurement Unit of Rotational Force
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate of change of angular momentum of an object.
Effect
Consequence
A Process that follows and is caused by some previous Process.
Government Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which public policy is administered and the actions of its members are directed.
Material Territory of a Government Domain
The portions of lithosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere that together exactly occupy a Government Domain
Power Transmission Artifact
A Material Artifact that is designed to transfer and regulate Power flow from a Power Source to an application point.
Radio Relay Station
A Communications Facility that is designed to support the receiving and re-transmitting of radio signals.
Cleaning Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to remove foreign objects from another object.
Neutral Person
A Person who is the bearer of some Neutral Role.
Combat Outpost
A Military Facility that is designed to support the conduction of combat operations of limited scope or size.
Battery Terminal
A Material Artifact that is designed to connect a load or charger to a single or multiple-cell Battery.
Distance Measurement Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a One-Dimensional Extent inhering in some Site that is externally connected to two Independent Continuants.
Displacement (vector) is the shortest possible distance (scalar) between two points. Further thought is needed to adequately handle measurements of distance traveled along a path, e.g., a circuitous path or an arc (such as the surface of a planet), versus the simple case of a direct, straight line between two points.
Distance is a measure between two reference points, which are located on or in, or in some manner part of, the two obejcts for which the length of the extent between is sought. For exmple, the center point of the indentation of a ball in the sand and the edge of the foul line, the forwardmost point on a car's bumper and the closest point on the 2-dimensional plane that serves as the fiat boundary of a crosswalk, the center of an antenna array and closest point on ground.
Distribution Port
A Port that is designed with the cargo handling equipment necessary for the loading and unloading of Watercraft
Anti-Bacterial Artifact Function
An Anti-Microbial Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death of, some bacterium.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10,000–1,000 km
Super Low Frequency
ITU Band Number 2
A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 Hz.
Prosthetic Foot
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing foot.
Calendar Year
A Year that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Year.
Sound Wave Process
A Mechanical Wave Process of Pressure and displacement that is parallel to the propogation direction of the Wave Process through a medium.
Act of Inhabitancy
A Planned Act in which a Person lives at a Site for a period of time that may be as short as 1 day/night or as long as the Person's entire life.
Product Transport Facility
A Facility that is designed to transport some product.
Voltage Regulating Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to cause a change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of an electrical component.
Attitude Control Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in an attitude control process.
Medical Depot
A Storage Facility that is designed to store medical supplies.
External Navigation Lighting System
A Lighting System that is designed to be attached to some Vehicle and to emit colored light in order to signal that Vehicle's position, heading, and status.
Mirror
An Optical Instrument that is designed to reflect light that has a wavelength within a given range and is incident on its relflecting surface such that the reflected light maintains most of the characteristics of the original light.
Diminutive Name
An Abbreviated Name that is a familiar form of a Proper Name.
"Familiar form of a Proper Name" means: that the name is (originally) a short, affectionate version of the fuller name, used (originally) by family or friends.
Act of Contract Formation
An Act of Promising having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more agents with legal capacity, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them.
Government Domain Border
A Geospatial Boundary that is a boundary of some Government Domain.
Designative Information Content Entity
Designative ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of symbols that denote some Entity.
Act of Training Acquisition
An Act of Training performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge from another Agent.
Turbofan Air-Breathing Jet Engine
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses a Turbofan, which consists of a Turbine and a Fan.
Switch Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process of breaking an electric circuit by interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
Telecommunication Instrument
A Communication Instrument that is designed for use by some Agent in some Act of Communication where the recipient of that communication is potentially a significant distance away from the Agent.
Fuel Tank
A Container that is designed to store a Portion of Fuel.
Every probability measurement is made within a particular context given certain background assumptions.
Probability Measurement Information Content Entity
Likelihood Measurement
Probability Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the likelihood that a Process or Process Aggregate occurs.
Mass Specification
A Quality Specification that prescribes the Amount of Mass that a Material Entity should have.
Nozzle Mouth
A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of the portion of a Nozzle at the end that is designed to be where the flow of fluid exits the Nozzle.
Radiolucent
Hypodense
Transradiance
A Radiopacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to permit most X-rays to pass through it.
Ideology
An Information Content Entity that consists of a collection of claims about how some part of the world is or should be and which is accepted as true by an Agent or Group of Agents such that it forms the basis of their beliefs, goals, expectations, and motivations.
Enemy Person
A Person who is the bearer of some Enemy Role.
By increasing the Exhaust Velocity of the gas, the Nozzle increases the Thrust generated.
Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
CD Nozzle
de Laval Nozzle
A Nozzle that consists of a tube with an asymmetric hourglass shape that is designed to accelerate hot pressurized gas by converting the heat energy of the gas flow into kinetic energy as it passes through the Nozzle Throat to generate increased Exhaust Velocity of the gas as it exits the Nozzle.
Afternoon
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun is at its apex (approximately 12:00pm) and when it sets (approximately 6:00pm).
Computer Network
Data Network
A Telecommunication Network that is designed to allow the exchange of data between two or more computers connected to the network.
Wire Receiver
A Radio Receiver that uses a Wire Antenna to intercept radio signals.
Image
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to carry an Information Content Entity that represents some entity owing to a visual isomorphism between the carrying artifact and the entity.
System Clock
A Timekeeping Instrument that is part of a computer an is designed to issue a steady high-frequency signal that is used to synchronize all of the computer's internal components.
Tunnel
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel underneath a surrounding soil, earth, or rock formation.
Power Transmission Line
A Product Transport Facility that is designed to transmit electricity over distance via a system of above ground wires including their supports.
Terminal Board
A Material Artifact that is designed to join electrical terminations and create an electrical circuit by means of a block which connects individual wires without a splice or physically joining the ends.
Measurement Unit of Angle
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the angle between two lines or planes in relation to a vertex.
Water Tower
A Facility that is the bearer of functions realized in processes of storing water in an elevated container.
Visual Prosthesis
Bionic Eye
An Artificial Eye that is designed to replace a missing eye, which performs the function of an eye.
Command Post Facility
A Military Facility that is designed to support the command and control of Military Operations or Forces.
Semi-automatic Pistol
A Hand Gun that has a single fixed firing chamber machined into the rear of the barrel and an ammunition magazine capable of holding multiple Cartridges such that the Hand Gun is designed to automatically reload each time it is fired and to fire a Bullet with each successive pull of the trigger until the stored ammunition is depleted.
Acceleration
A Process Profile that is the rate of change of the Velocity of an object.
A Material Artifact that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another by conveying them there.
Horn Antenna
Microwave Horn
A Radio Antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam and can be used on its own or as a feeder for larger antenna structures, such as Parabolic Antennas.
Prosthesis
A Medical Artifact that is designed to replace a missing body part.
Electric Battery
Battery
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to produce electric power by converting chemical energy to electrical energy.
Fossil Fuel Power Plant
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert fossil fuels (e.g. coal, natural gas, or petroleum) into electrical energy.
Village
A Local Administrative Region in which a human population permanently resides that is typically larger than the population of a hamlet but smaller than that of a Town.
Counterfeit Instrument
A Material Artifact that is designed to be a fake replica of some genuine Artifact.
Cryogenic Storage Dewar
A Container that is designed to store a Portion of Cryogenic Material (such as liquid helium or liquid oxygen) and which consists of, minimally, walls that are constructed from two or more layers that are separated by a high vacuum to provide thermal insulation between the interior and exterior of the dewar.
Polarizing Prism
A Prism designed to split a beam of light entering the Prism into components of varying polarization.
Sea Level
A Fiat Surface that divides the spheroid composed of Earth and its atmosphere at some point that corresponds to the mean level of calm water in the Earth’s oceans.
Vehicle Control System
A Control System that is designed to enable some Agent to control some Vehicle.
Parabolic Antenna
Dish Antenna
Parabolic Dish
A Radio Antenna that uses a parabolic reflector to direct or receive radio waves and has a very high gain.
Wedding
Act of Wedding Ceremony
An Act of Ceremony in which two Persons are united in Marriage or a similar institution.
Decrease of Dependent Continuant
A Change in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in the level of some Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Communication Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which meaningful signs are conveyed from one entity to another.
The submillimeter waveband is between the far-infrared and microwave wavebands and is typically taken to have a wavelength of between a few hundred micrometers and a millimeter.
Submillimeter Wavelength Radio Telescope
Microwave Telescope
A Radio Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing radio waves from the submillimeter waveband (i.e. microwaves) to form an enhanced image of the Object.
http://kp12m.as.arizona.edu/docs/what_is_submillimeter.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submillimetre_astronomy
Spherical Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System for three-dimensional spatial regions that identifies each point using an ordered triple of numerical coordinates that consist of the radial distance of the point of interest from a fixed origin, its polar angle measured from a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle of its orthogonal projection measured from a fixed direction on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith.
Hydraulic Power Transfer Unit
A Material Artifact that is designed to transfer hydraulic power from one of an Aircraft's hydraulic systems to another in the event that a system has failed or been turned off.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations ('Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity
Conformance Measurement
Degree of Conformance
Degree of Deviation
Deviation Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity conforms to how it is expected or supposed to be.
a missile impact deviates from its target location by 100 feet
a satellite deviaties from its predicted orbital path by 5 kilometers
an overweight piece of luggage deviates from an airline's maximum allowed weight by +10 pounds
In order for a Deviation to exist, an entity must first be expected, represented, prescribed, or predicted as being a certain way. Then, at a future time, this value can be compared to its actual, reported, or measured value to determine the Deviation between these values.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–1 mm
Microwave Frequency
A Radio Frequency that is between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
Spherical
A Three Dimensional Shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of all of its cross sections being round.
Land Mine
An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be concealed under or on the ground and to detonate as its target passes over or near it.
Geospatial Region Bounding Box Identifier List
A Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate that is comprised of 4 pairs of coordinates, one for each of the 4 defining points (North, West, South, East) of a Geospatial Region Bounding Box.
Transducer
A Material Artifact that is designed to convert one form of energy to another.
Forward Operations Base
Forward Operating Base
A Military Base that is located relatively close to an offensive Area of Operations, is supported by the Base of Operations, and is designed to support local strategic objectives and tactical operations.
Length
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's greatest extent in one direction.
Act of Sojourn
An Act of Inhabitancy in which a Person lives in a dwelling temporarily, often during stages of an Act of Travel.
This class is designed to group continuants according to a very broad criterion and is not intended to be used as a parent class for entities that can be more specifically represented under another class. Hence, Natural Resource may be an appropriate subtype but Money, Oil, and Gold Mine are not.
Resource
A Continuant that is owned by, in the possession of, or is otherwise controlled by an Agent such that it could be used by that Agent.
Resources are Resources for some Agent. If no instance of Agent existed, no instance of Resource would exist either. It is not a requirement that something be valuable in order for it to be a Resource. Thus the value of something can drastically change without altering whether that thing is a Resource.
Act of Targeting
A Planned Act wherein some Agent maintains one or more entities as the objects of potential action given some operational requirement.
Ignition System
A Material Artifact that is designed to produce an Ignition process.
Chart
An Image that is designed to carry some Representational Information Content Entity that is prescribed by some canonical visual format.
Adapted from “Chart.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chart. Accessed 4 Aug. 2024.
Act of Social Group Membership
An Act of Association wherein a Person belongs to some Social Group.
Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Best Estimate
Point Estimate
Point Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of a single value for the measured entity.
Combustion Engine
A Heat Engine that is designed to convert thermal energy that is generated through a local Combustion process into mechanical energy.
Canal
A Water Transportation Artifact that is an artificial Hydrographic Feature designed to convey water or enable Watercraft to travel inland.
Bullet
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be projected by a Firearm, Sling, Slingshot, or Air Gun, but which does not (typically) contain explosives.
Julian Day Number
A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Julian Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the Julian Date epoch.
Text Messaging
Act of Text Messaging
Act of Texting
An Act of Communication by Media involving the exchange of brief written messages between fixed-line phone or mobile phone and fixed or portable devices over a network.
Action Permission
Authorization
License
A Process Regulation that permits some Process.
This is a defined class used to group process profiles of Wave Processes. Note that not every relevant process profile can be asserted as a subtype, however, because they (e.g. Frequency and Amplitude) are applicable to other processes as well (e.g. Oscillation Process).
Wave Process Profile
A Process Profile of a Wave Process.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–100 km
Ultra Low Frequency
ITU Band Number 3
A Radio Frequency that is between 300 Hz and 3 kHz.
Divisions between EM radiation frequencies are fiat and sources vary on where to draw boundaries.
Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency
A Frequency that is characterized by the rate of Oscillations per second of an Electromagnetic Wave.
Zenith
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that extends from a given location upward along the local vertical direction pointing in the direction opposite the apparent Gravitational Force at that location.
Database
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some set of specific Information Content Entities and to be rapidly searchable and retrievable.
Synagogue
A Religious Facility that is designed for Judaic worship and prayer.
Component Role
A Role that inheres in an entity having a discrete structure in virtue of that entity being part of a system considered at a particular level of analysis.
ISO/IEC. 1998. Information Technology ― System and Software Integrity Levels Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ISO/IEC. 15026:1998. : 3.1
Color Saturation
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect high intensity light distributed across fewer wavelengths, typically considered on a continuum of purity.
Surface Wave Profile
Surface Wave
A Wave Process Profile in which the Wave Process propogates along the surface of a medium and which involves both transverse and longitudinal wave profiles such that the motion of the displacement of participating particles is circular or elliptical.
Pier
A Transportation Facility that is designed to partially enclose a harbor and form a landing place for Watercraft.
Fungicide Artifact Function
An Anti-Microbial Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death of, some fungus or fungal spore.
Velocity
A Process Profile of an object's Motion that is characterized by its Speed and direction with respect to a frame of reference.
Optical Focusing Artifact Function
An Optical Processing Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a light focusing event in which the Artifact causes the light beam to converge on a target spatial point.
Wave Production
Wave Production Process
A Natural Process in which a Wave Process is generated.
Hardness
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which it can be turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
A Lubrication System typical consists of a reservoir, pump, heat exchanger, filter, regulator, valves, sensors, pipes, and hoses. In some cases it also includes the passageways and openings within the artifact it is designed to lubricate. For example, the oil holes in a bearing and crankshaft.
Lubrication System
A Material Artifact that is designed to contain, transfer, and regulate the flow of lubricant to multiple locations in an Artifact.
Amount
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the total, aggregate or sum of a number of discrete items or material the entity contains as parts.
Act of Requesting
An Act of Directive Communication performed by asking for something.
Measurement Unit of Density
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the mass of an object per unit of its total volume.
Imaging Instrument
A Material Artifact that is designed to produce images (visual representations) of an entity.
An Impulse changes the Momentum (and potentially also the direction of Motion) of the object it is applied to and is typically measured in Newton meters.
Impulsive Force
Imp
Impulse
A Process Profile that is the integral of a Force that is applied to a portion of matter over a period of time.
Curvilinear Motion
Curved Motion
A Translational Motion process in which an Object moves along a curved path.
Video Camera
A Camera that is designed to form and digitally or physically record a continuous stream of subsequent images of an entity or scene such that the images can be played back in succession as a video.
Locomotive
A Rail Transport Vehicle that is designed to provide the motive power for a Train.
Signal Detection Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in the process of discerning between information-bearing patterns and random patterns, or noise, that distract from the information.
Hydraulic Motor
A Physically Powered Engine that converts hydraulic pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement.
Chemical Depot
A Storage Facility that is designed to store chemicals.
Portion of Cryosphere
A fiat object part of the frozen part of a natural satellite's hydosphere
Ethnicity
A Quality that inheres in its bearers by virtue of a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture (often including a shared religion) and an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy.
Control System
A Material Artifact that is designed to manage, command, direct, or regulate the behavior of at least one other Artifact.
Factory
A Facility that is designed for manufacturing or refining material products.
Stasis of Non-Mission Capable Maintenance
A Stasis of Non-Mission Capable during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing its primary functions for the specified Mission due to participating in an Act Of Maintenance.
Optical Property
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that is realized when its bearer interacts with electromagnetic waves within the visible light spectrum.
Radio Repeater
A Radio Transceiver that is designed to receive a radio signal, amplify it, and retransmit it (often on another frequency).
Increase of Role
An Increase of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Role that it bears.
Altitude
A Height that inheres in a Site that externally connects an Independent Continuant to either the surface of the Earth or the Earth's mean Sea Level.
Turbine Steam Engine
Steam Turbine
A Steam Engine that is designed to extract thermal energy from pressurized steam and use it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.
Translational Motion
A Motion Process in which the participating Object changes its position from one portion of space to another.
Direct Current Power Source
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to transfer electrical power in the form of direct current.
Chemical Reaction Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
Catadioptric Optical Telescope
Catadioptric Telescope
An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light through the use of a combination of Lenses and Mirrors to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Fuel Ventilation System
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to allow air into the Fuel Tank to take the place of burned fuel.
Geospatial Ellipse
A One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary that is formed by following a symmetric arc between four vertices which are connected to the center point of the ellipse via a straight line.
Electrical Conduction Artifact Function
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact being used to conduct an electric current.
Rail Transport Vehicle
A Ground Vehicle that is designed to convey cargo, passengers, or equipment by Railway.
Hazel
A Color that is a combination of Brown and Green, typically associated with eye color.
Information Bearing Artifact
A Material Artifact that carries an Information Content Entity and is designed to do so using a particular format or structure.
List
An Information Bearing Artifact that consists of one or more Information Bearing Artifacts that carry Information Content Entities and are the subjects of some Sequence Position Ordinality.
Day
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one rotation around its Rotational Axis as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
Unless otherwise specified, a Day is assumed to be relative to the rotational motion of the Earth and is approximately equal to a twenty-four hour temporal region for which the start and end times are specified by the Temporal Reference System used.
y-Axis
A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'y'.
Stage
An Entertainment Facility that is designed to provide a space upon which entertaining performances or productions can occur.
Round
Circular
A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of every point along its circumference being equidistant from the center.
Prism
An Optical Instrument that is designed to refract light and which consists of a transparent material with flat polished surfaces where at least two of these surfaces have an angle between them.
Coiled
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer being wound in concentric rings or spirals.
Power Tool
A Tool that is designed to be actuated by a Power Source and mechanism other than or in addition to manual labor.
Compression Ignition Engine
An Internal Combustion Engine that is designed to operate by igniting a portion of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture using heat generated via compression of the mixture.
Reactant Artifact Function
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which a substance or compound is added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction and is consumed in the course of the reaction.
Submersible Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of operating while submerged in water.
Multi-Week Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Weeks and spans at least one Week.
Radio Wave Conversion Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact being used to convert electric power into radio waves or radio waves into electric power.
Electromagnetic Pulse
EMP
Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance
An Electromagnetic Wave Process that consists of a short high-energy burst of electromagnetic energy.
Portion of Nuclear Fuel
A Portion of Material that is designed to be used in a nuclear fission process to produce energy.
Water Treatment Facility
A Facility that is designed for making water more acceptable for a specific end-use.
Folded
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of one part of the bearer being layered over another connected part.
Portion of Liquid Nitrogen
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid nitrogen.
Geospatial Line String
A One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary that has two or more Geospatial Positions as vertices, where each vertex is connected to only one other vertex by a straight line.
Orange
A Color that is between Red and Yellow with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 590 to 635 nanometers.
Stasis
A Process in which one or more Independent Continuants endure in an unchanging condition.
Stasis of Function
A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Function that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Act of Promising
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by declaring that the promising agent will do, or refrain from doing, the specified action.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 km
Very Low Frequency
ITU Band Number 4
A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 kHz.
Optical Communication Artifact Function
An Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of visible light.
Stasis of Role
A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Role that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Telecommunication Network Line
A Communication Artifact that is designed to be the physical transmission medium that connects two or more Telecommunication Network Nodes within a Telecommunication Network to facilitate communication between the Nodes.
Refractivity
A Radiation Reflectivity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to change the direction of a propagating wave when passing through it.
Time of Day Identifier
A Temporal Instant Identifier that designates some Time of Day.
Pesticide Artifact Function
A Poison Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a living thing that is detrimental to humans or human concerns.
Standards of date, time, and time zone data formats: ISO/WD 8601-2 (http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/iso-tc154-wg5_n0039_iso_wd_8601-2_2016-02-16.pdf) W3C (https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime)
There is no class 'Time Zone' (the region), only 'Time Zone Identifier' (the designator for some region). Instances of 'Time Zone Identifier' should be related to instances of 'Information Bearing Entity' by means of the object properites 'uses time zone identifier' and 'time zone identifier used by' as appropriate. This is supposed to be analogous to the way we represent the relationship between measurement values and measurement units, where the relevant instance of Information Bearing Entity 'uses measurement unit' some instance of Measurement Unit (i.e., an instance of Information Content Entity).
Time Zone Identifier
A Spatial Region Identifier that designates the region associated with some uniform standard time for legal, commercial, or social purposes.
An object's speed is the scalar absolute value of it's Velocity.
Speed
A Process Profile that is characterized by the magnitude of an object's motion with respect to a frame of reference during some time period.
Herbicide Artifact Function
A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death to, unwanted plants.
Year
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one Orbital Revolution around its Primary Body as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
Unless otherwise specified, a Year is assumed to be relative to the Orbiting of the Earth around the Sun and is approximately equal to 12 Months or 365 Days.
Julian Date Identifier
A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates a Julian Date and is composed of both a Julian Day Number and a Julian Date Fraction.
Mid Infrared Light Frequency
An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 20 and 214 terahertz.
Body Shape
A Shape Quality inhering in a Person's body by virtue of the body's general outline or figure.
Act of Financial Instrument Use
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Financial Instrument.
Family
A Group of Persons related to one another by ancestry or marriage.
Portion of Fuel
A Portion of Material that is designed to release thermal energy when reacted with other substances.
Act of Donating
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is tranfered by an Agent (the Donor) to another Agent (the Recipient) without return consideration.
Bicycle
A Ground Vehicle that consists of two wheels, one in front of the other, attached to a frame along with handlebars and pedals such that it is designed to receive its motive power from pedaling.
Explosive Artifact Function
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired beucase of the rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner.
Sub-Bass Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 20 and 60 Hz.
Solar Panel
An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of one or more photovoltaic (i.e. solar) cells that convert light energy (photons) directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect.
Measurement Unit of Temperature
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the thermal energy in an object.
A percentage is one way to express a proportional measure where the decimal expression of the proportion is multiplied by 100, thus giving the proportional value with respect to a whole of 100. E.g., the ratio of pigs to cows on a farm is 44 to 79 (44:79 or 44/79). The proportion of pigs to total animals is 44 to 123 or 44/123. The percentage of pigs is the decimal equivalent of the proportion (0.36) multiplied by a 100 (36%). The percentage can be expressed as a proportion where the numerator value is transformed for a denominator of 100, i.e., 36 of a 100 animals are pigs (36/100).
We may want to add either a subclass for Percentage or a data property (has percentage value) that links the percentage expression for a proportion to the relevant IBE.
Proportional Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a portion of a whole (described by the numerator) compared against that whole (described by the denominator) where the whole is a nominally described set of like entities.
Hydroelectric Power Plant
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert hydropower into electrical power.
Active Stasis
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is realizing one or more of its designed Artifact Functions (especially one of its primary functions).
Mounted Gun
A Firearm that is designed to be fired while mounted.
Heating System
An Environment Control System that is designed to heat the air or objects in a Site.
Stasis of Quality
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears some Quality that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Light Machine Gun
A Long Gun that is designed to fire bullets in quick succession from an ammunition belt or magazine and to be employed by an individual soldier, with or without assistance, and typically weighing 9-22 lbs.
Measurement Unit of Work
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of displacements of points to which Forces have been applied.
Descriptive Information Content Entity
Descriptive ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions that describe some Entity.
Decrease of Realizable Entity
A Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Realizable Entity that it bears.
Effect of Location Change
An Effect caused by some Act of Location Change and which results in an Object being located in a different place.
Artifact History
A History of an Artifact.
Ultra High Frequency Communication Instrument
A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some Ultra High Frequency.
Improvised Explosive Device
An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be used in non-conventional military action.
Television Broadcast
Act of Television Broadcasting
An Act of Communciation by Media that is transmitted to an audience through a television network.
Allied Person
A Person who is the bearer of some Ally Role.
Split
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a linear opening, or having been divided into parts.
Sound Process Profile
Sound Quality
A Process Profile that is part of a sound reception process and is characterized by properties of incoming sound waves as they are translated by some sensory system.
Act of Confessing
An Act of Representative Communication in which a person makes an admission of misdeeds or faults.
Public Safety Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of preventing and responding to events that could endanger the safety of the general public from significant danger, injury/harm, or damage, such as crimes or disasters (natural or man-made).
Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant
A Loss of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Specifically Dependent Continuant.
Radio Broadcast
Act of Radio Broadcasting
An Act of Communciation by Media that is transmitted to an audience through a radio network.
Pipeline
A Product Transport Facility that is designed to transport goods or materials through a pipe.
Rocket Pod
A Rocket Launcher that is designed to contain several Unguided Rockets held in individual tubes and to be used by Aircraft or Helicopters for close air support.
Optical Camera
A Camera that is designed to form and record an image generated from visible light.
Infrastructure System
Infrastructure
A Material Entity that is composed of elements bearing Infrastructure Roles and is by itself sufficient to provide a planned service or benefit to some organization that maintains its elements.
Plant
An Organism that is multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, and has cells that contain chloroplasts and walls made of cellulose.
Brown
A Color that consists of dark orange and red, and of very low intensity.
Physiographic Feature
A Geographic Feature that is a geomorphological unit characterized by its surface form and location in the landscape.
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity in the form of a sequence of representations that are presented sufficiently rapidly to create the appearance of motion and continuity.
Act of Personal Communication
An Act of Communication having a small audience.
Loss of Dependent Continuant
A Change in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer or carrier of some Dependent Continuant.
Brake Control System
A Vehicle Control System that is designed to control the process of braking with the aim of preventing rolling, skidding, and hydroplaning.
Identification Friend or Foe Transponder
IFF
A Radio Transponder that is designed to automatically transmit a predefined signal in response to receiving an appropriate interrogation signal such that the entity it is located on can be positively identified as friendly.
Act of Religious Group Affiliation
An Act of Association wherein some Person belongs to some Religious Demonination or sub-Denomination.
Religious Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes related to worship and prayer.
Storage Facility
A Facility that is designed to store materials or goods.
Wind Farm
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power by means of wind turbines.
Act of Inviting
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by requesting the presence or participation of the audience, and which may include offering an incentive or inducement.
Act of Loaning
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is given by an Agent (the Creditor) to another Agent (the Debtor) in order to receive Repayments from the Debtor which are of greater Financial Value.
Wavy
Undulate
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having a sinuous or rippled border.
Wired Communication Reception Artifact Function
A Communication Reception Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact receives information transmitted from another Artifact, where the transmission of information occurs via a direct connection using an electrical conductor.
City
A Local Administrative Region in which a relatively large human population permanently resides; is designated as a city based on a particular administrative, legal, or historical status; and which delimits a local Government that typically oversees the provision of systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation.
High Frequency Communication Instrument
A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some High Frequency.
Visible Observation
An Act of Observation that involves visual perception.
Act of Travel
An Act of Location Change wherein one or more Persons move between relatively distant geographical locations for any purpose and any duration, with or without any means of transport.
Calendar System
A Temporal Reference System that is designed to organize and identify dates.
Calendars typically organize dates through the use of naming and temporal conventions based on Days, Weeks, Months, and Years.
Depth
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a downward, backward, or inward direction.
An empty notebook, when manufactured, is a medium but not yet a carrier of information content. However, a book, in the sense of a novel or collection of philosophical essays or poems, depends necessarily on it carrying some information content. Thus, there are no empty books. Likewise, there are no empty databases, only portions of digital storage that have not yet been configured to carry some information content according to a database software application.
Information Medium Artifact
A Material Artifact that is designed to have some Information Bearing Artifact as part.
Decimal Date Identifier
A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since a specified Reference Time.
Married
Married Stasis
A Stasis of Generically Dependent Continuant that consists of a socially, culturally, or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws.
Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E. L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2011). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (13th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-81178-7
Mean Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Arithmetic Mean
Average
Mean
A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the sum of all the values in the set divided by the total number of values in the set.
Oxidizers are essential participants in many processes including combustion and rusting. Hence, a portion of oxidizer must always be present along with a portion of fuel in order for combustion to occur.
Portion of Oxidizer
Portion of Oxidant
Portion of Oxidizing Agent
A Portion of Material that is disposed to steal electrons from other substances (i.e. to oxidize other substances) as a participant in a reduction-oxidation process.
oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, sulfiric acid, potassium nitrate
Geopolitical Power Role
A Role had by an Organization, that is perceived by an International Community as capable of performing influential acts in that community, and which would be realized in performing such acts.
MSI Plessey Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of an indefinite number of numerical characters and is used for inventory control and marking storage containers and shelves in warehouse environments.
Radio Communication Relay Artifact Function
A Communication Relay Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information without the use of wires from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction.
Decontamination Facility
A Washing Facility that is designed to wash personnel or equipment after (potential) contamination by radioactive, biological, or chemical material.
Act of Facility Use
An Act of Artifact Employment in which an Agent makes use of some Facility.
Radio Communication Instrument
A Communication Instrument that is designed to enable communication between two or more entities via the use of radio waves.
Vehicle Track
An Object Track for a Vehicle during some motion.
Post Office
A Mailing Facility that is designed for serving customers of the national postal system.
Email Box
A Telecommunication Instrument that is designed to be the delivery destination of Email Messages that are addressed to the corresponding Email Address.
Telephone
A Telecommunication Instrument that is designed to provide point-to-point communication between agents by means of audio messages.
Act of Artifact Processing
A Planned Act of performing a series of mechanical or chemical operations on something in order to change or preserve it.
Emergency AC/DC Power Source
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to provide electrical power in an emergency situation by means of both alternating current and direct current.
Amplitude
A Process Profile of an Oscillation Process that is the absolute value of the maximum displacement from a zero, equilibrium, or mean value during one cycle of the Oscillation Process.
Semi-Major Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is equal to half the length of the Major Axis of an Ellipse.
Pyramidal
A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having a polygonal base with vertices that all connect to the same apex to form triangular faces.
Maroon
A Color consisting of purple and brown hue.
Group of Persons
A Group of Agents that has only Persons as parts.
Acronym
An Abbreviated Name that combines the initial letters of a Designative Name and which is pronounced as a word.
Lunar Calendar System
A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of the Moon's phases.
Permanent Residency - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_residency. Accessed 10 Feb. 2023.
Permanent Resident Role
A role inhering in a Person by virtue of that Person being recognized as having legal resident status in a Government Domain in which that person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis.
Telecommunication Network Node
A Communication Artifact that consists of a connection point, redistribution point, or endpoint that is designed to be part of a Telecommunication Network and can be either active or passive.
Parts List
A Quality Specification that prescribes the Amount of some type of Artifact that are part of or located on another Artifact.
Death
A Natural Process in which all biological functions that sustain a living organism cease.
Calendar Day
A Day that begins and ends concurrently with the Seconds specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Seconds of the Day.
Act of Arrival
An Act of Location Change that consists of the participating entity reaching its destination such that the larger Act of Location Change is completed.
Arbitrary Identifier
Arbitrary ID
A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that does not follow an encoding system.
A Beginning of Life Stasis (BoL) is a relatively brief Operational Stasis that is primarily of interest for the purpose of establishing a baseline for operational parameters to be compared to the designed specifications as well as the Artifact's performance throughout its operational life.
Beginning of Life Stasis
A Operational Stasis that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is first put into operational use such that its designed set of Artifact Functions is capable of operating at or near their designed peak performance levels.
Act of Military Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of Military Operations from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Military Organization.
Act of Apologizing
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by acknowledging and expressing regret for a fault, shortcoming, or failure.
Bass Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 60 and 250 Hz.
Train Car
Railroad Car
A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a single Vehicle that is not a Train but is designed to be connected to other Train Cars along with at least one Locomotive to form a Train.
Part Role
A Role that inheres in an entity in virtue of it being part of some other entity without being subject to further subdivision or disassembly without destruction of its designated use.
Nickel-metal Hydride Electric Battery
NiMH Battery
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a metal-hydride anode and nickel oxide hydroxide cathode.
UPC-A Barcode
A UPC Barcode that consists of 12 numerical digits.
Computing Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a computation process.
Landline Telephone
A Telephone that is connected to a Telephone Network through a pair of wires.
Constituent State
State
A First-Order Administrative Region that is part of a Country and delimits a centralized regional Government that holds constitutionally-defined administrative jurisdiction over the defined geographic territory that bounds the State.
Act of Legal Instrument Use
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Legal Instrument.
Deactivated Stasis
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is not realizing any of its designed Artifact Functions (or at least not realizing any of its primary functions).
Inhibiting Motion Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to inhibit the motion of some object.
Financial Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of managing money.
Geospatial Line
A Geospatial Line String that has only two vertices.
Measurement Unit of Momentum
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the Momentum of a portion of matter that is in Motion.
Phosphorescence
A Luminescent Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light after absorbing shorter wavelength radiation, and to continue emitting after the absorbing process has ceased.
Sniper Rifle
A Rifle that is designed to be highly accurate for long-range precision tactical shooting.
Ocular Prosthesis
An Artificial Eye that is designed to replace a missing eye, but which does not function as an eye.
Thermal Imaging Artifact Function
An Imaging Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to create a visual representation of an entity using radiation from the far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that the entity emits
X-ray Telescope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing X-rays to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Government Building
A Facility that is designed for the administration of a community.
Temperature Measurement Artifact Function
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Temperature of a specified object or class of objects.
Act of Religious Worship
An Act of Ceremony wherein there occurs acts of religious devotion usually directed towards a deity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worship (Sense Key: Worship%2:42:00 or Worship%1:04:00::)
Act of Consumption
A Planned Act in which a resource is ingested or used up.
Act of Maintenance
An Act of Artifact Modification in which an Artifact is modified in order to preserve or restore one or more of its designed Qualities or Functions.
Electromagnetic Wave Process
Electromagnetic Radiation
A Wave Process that is produced by charged particles, involves the periodic Oscillation of electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other and the direction of wave propogation such that it has a Transverse Wave Profile, and which transfers electromagnetic radiant energy through a portion of space or matter.
Electric Motor
Electric Engine
An Engine that is designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Pitch
A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the frequency of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from low to high.
Telecommunication Infrastructure
An Infrastructure System that is designed to support the use of Telecommunication Instruments to communicate.
Angular Momentum
A Momentum that is the product of an object's moment of inertia and its Angular Velocity.
Highway Interchange
A Road Junction that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to exit one or more Highways and enter another Highway without directly crossing any other traffic stream.
Reservoir
A Storage Facility that is designed to store water in a man-made open enclosure or area.
Information Content Entity
ICE
A Generically Dependent Continuant that generically depends on some Information Bearing Entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some Entity.
Information Content Entity is here intended to be a class of Entities whose instances are the informational content of Information Bearing Entities. For example, three instances of information bearers -- such as a bar chart, color-coded map, and a written report -- each of which lists the GDP of Countries for the year 2010 are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of Informational Content Entity (cf. the Information Artifact Ontology) leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the Entity they are about rather than characteristics such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as being Qualities of bearers.
Measurement Unit of Frequency
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the number of times an event repeats per unit of time.
Fixed Line Network Telephone Call
A Telephone Call transmitted over a telephone network where the telephones are wired into a single telephone exchange.
Current Conversion Artifact Function
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert some electrical current.
Portion of Liquid Propellant
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a liquid state.
Fuel Transfer System
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to facilitate the transfer of some Portion of Fuel from the Fuel Tank for use in some Engine.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–100 m
Medium Frequency
ITU Band Number 6
A Radio Frequency that is between 300 kHz and 3 MHz.
Directive Information Content Entity
Directive ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions or images (as in the case of a blueprint) that prescribe some Entity.
EAN Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 8 or 13 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods.
Height
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a vertical direction.
Assault Rifle
A Rifle that is designed to have selective-fire functionality and use an intermediate Cartridge and a detachable magazine.
Measurement Unit of Speed
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rates at which objects traverse distance.
miles per hour, kilometers per hour, knot, mach
Excluded from this class are instances of role change or role creation such as the introduction of an artifact as a piece of evidence in a trial or the loading of artifacts onto a ship for transport.
Act of Artifact Modification
An Act of Artifact Processing in which an existing Artifact is acted upon in a manner that changes, adds, or removes one or more of its Qualities, Dispositions, or Functions.
Act of Deceptive Communication
Ac Act of Communication intended to mislead the audience by distortion or falsification of evidence and induce a reaction that is prejudicial to the interests of the audience.
EAN-13 Barcode
An EAN Barcode that consists of 13 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale.
Decimal Time of Day Identifier
Fractional Time of Day Identifier
A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using a decimal value for the portion of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant.
Plan
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some set of intended Intentional Acts through which some Agent expects to achieve some Objective.
Cyan
A Color that is between Green and Blue with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 490 and 520 nanometers.
Political Orientation
An Ideology that characterizes the political thinking of an Agent or Group of Agents, usually with respect to the political environment within a particular nation.
Act of Publishing Mass Media Documentary
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of information that provides a factual record or report.
Cause
A Process that is the cause of or one of the causes of some other Process.
Closure
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which that bearer affords passage or sightline through it via an opening, aperture, orifice, or vent.
Portion of Waste Material
A Portion of Processed Material that serves no further use in terms of the initial user's own purposes of production, transformation, or consumption such that the Agent wants to dispose of it.
Act of Portion of Material Consumption
An Act of Artifact Employment in which a Portion of Material is expended.
Decrease of Function
A Decrease of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Function that it bears.
Shear Wave Process
A Mechanical Wave that has a Transverse Wave Profile.
Occupation Role
A Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of the responsibilities that Agent is expected to fulfill within the context of some Act of Employment.
Thermal Insulation Artifact Function
A Thermal Control Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact prevents or reduces the transfer of heat between objects that are in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence.
Scar
A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of fibrous connective tissue on skin or within body tissue and which was formed due to an injury that has not healed completely.
Citizen Role
A Role that inheres in a Person by virtue of that Person being legally recognized as a member of a particular state, with associated rights and obligations.
Reflective Prism
A Prism designed to reflect light in order to flip, invert, rotate, deviate, or displace a beam of light entering the Prism.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 mm
Super High Frequency
ITU Band Number 10
A Microwave Frequency that is between 3 and 30 GHz.
Nickname
A Designative Name that is a familiar or humorous substitute for an entity's Proper Name.
Bent
Angular
Kinked
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having one or more angles along its border.
The Second is used as the basic SI unit of time.
Second
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
Power Rectifying Artifact Function
A Current Conversion Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
Electrical Power Production Artifact Function
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to generate electrical power.
Material Artifact
A Material Entity that was designed by some Agent to realize a certain Function.
Ramjet Engine
Ramjet
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses the forward motion of the Engine to compress incoming air (without the use of an axial compressor) and decelerate it to subsonic speeds before adding the fuel and constantly combusting the mixture then expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust.
Disrupting Disposition
A disposition the realization of which would disrupt a process some entity has an interest in.
This is a defined class. A Disrupting Disposition is indexed by the interest_in object property. A disposition can be a Disrupting Disposition according to one index and not a Disrupting Disposition according to another index.
Threat
Telecommunication Network
A Communication System that is designed to enable the transmission of information over significant distances between Telecommunication Endpoints via Telecommunication Network Nodes and Lines.
Defunct Stasis
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact no longer maintains its designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least no longer maintains its primary functions).
Spray Nozzle
A Nozzle that is designed to facilitate a conversion of the flow of a portion of liquid into a dynamic collection of drops dispersed in a portion of gas.
Drooping
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a border that hangs downwards.
Message
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that is relatively brief and to be transmitted from a sender to a recipient.
Cartridge
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to package a Bullet, a propellant substance, and a primer within a case that is designed to fit within the firing chamber of a Firearm.
Measurement Unit of Electromagnetic Force
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the electromagnetic force between electrically charged entities.
Turbojet Air-Breathing Jet Engine
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses a Turbojet, which consists of a Turbine with a Propelling Nozzle.
Operator Role
A Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent's responsibilities to operate or control some Artifact.
Passenger Train Car
A Train Car that is designed to transport passengers.
Biological Weapon
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, incapacity, or death by means of releasing disease-producing agents—such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Optical Telescope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places an Entity into some rank order.
The sentence "The coldest day in history in Chicago, IL. is January 20, 1985." is the carrier of an ordinal measurment.
a measurement that places Geospatial Regions into a rank order of small, medium, large
a measurement that places military units onto a readiness rank order of red, yellow, green
Automobile
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a small number of passengers while traveling on four tired wheels.
Further variants of GS1 DataBar have not been defined here.
GS1 DataBar Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 12-14 numerical digits and is used in retail and healthcare.
Heating Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the thermal energy of a system increases.
Proper Name
A Designative Name that is an official name for a particular entity.
Controlled-Access Highway
Expressway
Freeway
Motorway
A Highway that is designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated.
Portion of Lithosphere
A fiat object part of the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a natural satellite.
A Material Entity that bears an Agent Capability.
Schlosser, Markus, "Agency", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/agency/
Equipment Cooling System
A Cooling System that is designed to cool some piece of equipment.
Steering Control System
A Vehicle Control System that is designed to control the direction some Vehicle is traveling.
Portion of Gaseous Fuel
A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a gaseous state.
Act of Denying
An Act of Representative Communication performed by either asserting that something is not true or real or refusing to satisfy a request or desire.
Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places a Quality of an Entity onto an interval scale having a true zero value.
The sentence "The temperature reached 240.372 degrees Kelvin on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of a ratio measurement as 0 degrees on the Kelvin scale does describe absolute zero.
a measurement of the barometric pressure at 1,000 feet above sea level
a measurement of the measure of air temperature on the Kelvin scale
a measurement of the number of members in an Organization
Calendar Week
A Week that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Week.
Spark Ignition Engine
An Internal Combustion Engine that is designed to operate by generating a spark to ignite a portion of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture.
Electric Generator
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an external circuit.
Pointing Orientation
Facing Orientation
A Spatial Orientation of a Material Entity in which one or more of its designated components are oriented toward a specified direction.
Trim Tab
A Control Surface that is designed to counteract hydro-, aerodynamic, or other forces in order to stabilize the Vehicle it is part of in the desired Attitude.
Mechanical Wave Process
A Wave Process that involves Oscillation of a portion of matter such that energy is transferred through the material medium.
Unguided Rocket
Rocket
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a self-propelled, but unguided, projectile that delivers some payload (explosive or other) over relatively long distances through the use of a Rocket Engine.
Train
Railroad Train
Railway Train
A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a series of connected Train Cars or Railcars.
Act of Volunteering
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by voluntarily undertaking or expressing a willingness to undertake a service.
entering into military service voluntarily
Act of Assignment
An Act of Declarative Communication in which rights held by one party (the assignor) are transferred to another party (the assignee) with regard to a particular entity as specified by the details of the assignment, which is often prescribed by a contract.
Biological Sex
A Quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
Full Motion Video Camera
A Video Camera that is designed to capture and record images of sufficiently high quality and in rapid enough succession that the resulting video supports smooth playback.
Pitch Axis
Lateral Axis
An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass and is perpendicular both to the direction of the object's motion and to the object's Yaw Axis.
Communication System
A Material Artifact that is designed to enable some Act of Communication by means of transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and data terminal equipment, usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole.
Constructed Feature
An Anthropogenic Feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
Nickel Cadmium Electric Battery
NiCad Battery
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a cadmium anode and nickel oxide hydroxide cathode.
Act of Repayment
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent (the Debtor) to another Agent (the Creditor) to decrease the amount the Debtor owes to the Creditor from an earlier Act of Loaning.
Nadir
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that extends from a given location downward along the local vertical direction pointing in the direction of the apparent Gravitational Force at that location.
Sequence Position Ordinality
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the position of some entity in some ordered sequence.
Equipment Mount
A Material Artifact that is designed to support an Artifact.
Aircraft
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by air travel.
Nuclear Radiation Detection Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to detect the presence of nuclear radiation particles.
Artifact Model
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes a common set of Functions and Qualities to inhere in a set of artifact instances.
Notification Message
A Message that is designed to bear an Information Content Entity that describes a scenario that has been determined to merit attention by the recipient.
Frequency
Temporal Frequency
A Process Profile that is characterized by the number of repetitive processes during a particular time period.
Increase of Dependent Continuant
A Change in which some Independent Continuant has an increase in the level of some Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Electrical Power Source
A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, and transfer power in the form of electrical energy.
Primary Cell Electric Battery
Primary Cell Battery
A Electric Battery that is designed for one-time use and not to be recharged.
Projectile Launcher
A Weapon that is designed to inflict damage or harm by means of launching a high-velocity projectile at a target.
Military Facility
A Facility that is designed to support a Military Force.
Act of Collision
An Act of Location Change involving the movement of one object such that it collides with another object.
Helical Antenna
A Wire Antenna that consists of a conducting wire wound in the form of a helix that is typically mounted over a ground plane with a feed line connected between the bottom of the helix and the ground plane.
Branched
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having subdivisions or offshoots.
Visible light overlaps with near infrared and near ultraviolet.
Visible Light Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 400 and 800 terahertz.
Act of Issuing Mass Media Press Release
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation an official statement issued to one or more members of the media for the purpose of announcing newsworthy information.
Hour
A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Minutes.
Shape Quality
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the ratios between dimensions of external features of that bearer.
Fuel System
A Material Artifact that is designed to pump, manage, and deliver some Portion of Fuel to the Propulsion System and Auxiliary Power Unit of some Vehicle.
Motorbike
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a very small number of passengers (usually 1 or 2) while traveling on two or three tired wheels.
The International Community. 5 Apr. 2023, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/international-community.
International Community
A maximal Group of Geopolitical Organizations engaged in geopolitics with one another.
Straight
Linear
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having curves, bends, or angles along its borders.
For information on types of barcodes, see: https://www.scandit.com/types-barcodes-choosing-right-barcode/
Barcode
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear one or more geometric shapes that concretize some Directive Information Content Entity.
Two Dimensional Extent
Area
A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
Loss of Disposition
A Loss of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Disposition.
Laser
A Material Artifact that is designed to emit light coherently through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
Gain of Quality
A Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which an Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Quality.
Representational Information Content Entity
An Information Content Entity that represents some Entity.
the content of a court transcript represents a courtroom proceeding
the content of a photograph of the Statue of Liberty represents the Statue of Liberty
the content of a video of a sporting event represents that sporting event
Fluid Control Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to control the direction or flow of some fluid.
Payload Capacity
An Artifact Function that inheres in a Vehicle that is designed to transport Payload, and which is typically characterized by the maximum Weight, Mass, or Volume of Payload that the Vehicle can transport.
FM Radio Broadcast Frequency
Frequency Modulation Radio Broadcast Frequency
A Very High Frequency that is between 88 and 108 MHz.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Region 2
Financial Value of Property
Property Value
Financial Value that inheres in an material entity that is the object of an Act of Ownership.
Act of Educational Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of a curriculum from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with some Educational Organization.
Act of Training Instruction
An Act of Training performed by an Agent by imparting knowledge to another Agent.
Electric Power Station
Power Plant
A Facility that is designed to generate electrical power.
Heavy Machine Gun
A Mounted Gun that is designed to fire ammunition greater than .50 caliber or 12.7mm ammunition in quick succession from an ammunition belt, and which typically weighs more than 30lbs.
Airport
A Transportation Facility that is designed for launching, receiving, and housing Aircraft.
Blond
A Color that ranges from nearly white to a light greyish yellow
Far Infrared Light Frequency
An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 300 gigahertz and 20 terahertz.
Geographic Feature
An Environmental Feature that is a natural (i.e. not human made) topographical feature having a (relatively) stable location in some Geospatial Region which can be designated by location-specific data.
Patch Receiver
A Radio Receiver that uses a Patch Antenna to intercept radio signals.
Air-Breathing Combustion Engine
A Reaction Engine that functions by drawing a continuous stream of air into and through the Engine where it is compressed, mixed with a Portion of Fuel, ignited, and then expelled as exhaust gas.
Portion of Processed Material
A Material Artifact that is the output of an Act of Artifact Processing.
Reflection Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a reflection event in which the Artifact causes a change in a wavefront at an interface between the reflecting medium and the transmission medium such that the wavefront returns into the transmission medium.
Road Junction
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to exit one Road and enter another.
Orientation Observation Artifact Function
Attitude Observation Artifact Function
An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the Orientation of a specified object or class of objects.
Decade
A Temporal Interval that is equal to a period of ten consecutive Years.
Petrochemical Refinery
A Refinery that is designed for refining crude oil, intermediate petroleum products, or synthetic petroleum into products of value.
Measurement Unit of Pressure
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of Force applied perpendicular to a surface per unit area.
pascal, atmosphere, pound-force per square inch
Fort
A Military Facility that is designed to support the defense of or solidification of rule over some Geospatial Region and its inhabitants.
Electrical Power Storage Artifact Function
Capacitance
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to store electrical power to be released at a later time.
Coin
A Portion of Cash that consists of a flat, portable, round pieces of metal designed to bear some specified Financial Value.
Act of Espionage
An Act of Intelligence Gathering involving the obtaining of information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.
Cellular Telecommunication Network
Cellular Network
Mobile Telecommunication Network
A Wireless Telecommunication Network where the last link between the network and the end user is wireless and is distributed over service areas called cells.
Submachine Gun
An Long Gun that is designed to be have automatic-fire functionality, fire pistol-caliber ammunition that is magazine-fed, and which is usually smaller than other automatic firearms.
Common Stock
Stock that entitles its holder to voting on corporate decisions.
Hospital
A Healthcare Facility that is designed to provide patient treatment with specialized staff and equipment.
Bridge
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath to enable Persons or Ground Vehicles to pass over the obstacles.
Measurement Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure one or more features of a specified object or class of objects.
Interval Estimate Information Content Entity
Interval Estimate
Interval Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of an interval of possible (or probable) values for the measured entity.
Commercial Facility
A Facility that is designed for buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale.
Artifact Model Name
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Artifact Model.
Long Gun
A Firearm that is designed to have a longer barrel than a Hand Gun and to be fired while braced against the shoulder.
Secondary Cell Electric Battery
Rechargeable Battery
Secondary Cell Battery
An Electric Battery that is designed to be recharged.
Roll Axis
Longitudinal Axis
An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass from the front to the back of the object as defined by the direction of the object's motion.
Landfill
A Waste Management Facility that is designed for disposing of waste by burial.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1–0.1 m. Note that the ITU definition of UHF is broader than the definition given by IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands, which sets the frequency range at 300 MHz to 1 GHz.
Ultra High Frequency
ITU Band Number 9
A Microwave Frequency that is between 300 MHz and 3 GHz.
Counter-Clockwise Rotational Motion
Anti-Clockwise Rotation
CCW Rotational Motion
Counter-Clockwise Rotation
A Rotational Motion in which the direction of rotation is toward the left as seen relative to the designated side of the plane of rotation.
the axial rotation of the Earth as seen from above the North Pole
Evening
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun sets (approximately 6:00pm) and when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm).
Low Midrange Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 250 and 500 Hz.
Proper Acceleration
An Acceleration of an object relative to a free-fall, or inertial, observer who is momentarily at rest relative to the object being measured (hence, gravity does not cause Proper Acceleration).
Magenta
A Color consisting of red and blue hues.
Instances of this class are not proper Delimiting Domains, but in some cases may have an organization that exercises some control over the region, such as the homeowners' association for a neighborhood.
Division of Delimiting Domain
A Geospatial Region that is a fiat division of a Delimiting Domain and not a Delimiting Domain.
Flatbush, French Quarter, Western New York, Texas Panhandle, Greater Montreal Area of Quebec, Pacific Northwest, southwest area of Al Anbar Province, Northern Iraq.
Private Network Telephone Call
A Telephone Call transmitted over a network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world, usually used inside companies and call centers (a.k.a. private branch exchange (PBX)).
Reference Time
Epoch
Epoch Time
Reference Date
A Temporal Instant specified as the origin for which other Temporal Regions are measured or identified.
Propelling Nozzle
Jet Nozzle
A Nozzle that is used to convert a propulsion Engine into a Jet Engine and functions by using its narrowest part, the throat, to increase Pressure within the Engine by constricting flow, usually until the flow chokes, then expanding the exhaust stream to, or near to, atmospheric pressure, while forming it into a high speed jet to propel the Vehicle.
Surface Tension
A Disposition that inheres in a liquid and is realized when the cohesive forces of the molecules in the bearer at the surface are greater than the adhesive forces of the molecules in the surrounding air.
Document Form
A Document having Document Fields as parts in which to write or select prescribed content.
Act of Religious Training Instruction
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Religious Organization by imparting knowledge of the tenets and/or practices of a religion to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Scramjet Engine
Scramjet
Supersonic Combusting Ramjet
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses the forward motion of the Engine to compress incoming air at supersonic speeds before adding the fuel and constantly combusting the mixture then expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust.
Radio Interference
A Natural Process in which a radio signal is disrupted, whether unintentionally or as the result of an Act of Radio Jamming, Act of Radio Spoofing, or similar Planned Act.
Poison Artifact Function
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a living thing.
Precision-Guided Missile
Missile
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a self-propelled and precision-guided projectile that delivers some payload (explosive or other) over relatively long distances.
Set of Eyes
A Bodily Component that consists of two or more Eyes that are part of a single Agent.
There are a variety of photometric measurements, such as luminous flux/power or luminous intensity, whose units are lumen and candela respectively, which attempt to describe properties associated with the perception of light. These are weighted measurements, typically by the luminosity function, as thus exist on the side of information content. It is a point of further development to add the needed intrinsic properties of radiation that such measurements are about.
Luminescent Property
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light, but which isn't the result of the bearer being heated.
Loss of Quality
A Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Quality.
Act of Residing
An Act of Inhabitancy in which a Person lives in a dwelling permanently or for an extended period of time.
Pressurization Control Artifact Function
A Ventilation Control Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to control the partial pressure of air in some space.
Geospatial Polygon
A Geospatial Line String that has at least three vertices where the connecting lines form a closed loop.
EAN-8 Barcode
An EAN Barcode that consists of 8 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale.
Stasis of Mission Capability
A Stasis of Realizable Entity that holds during a temporal interval when a Continuant's capability (or lack thereof) to perform its intended Functions, tasks, or Objectives remains at a relatively constant level.
Motion
A Natural Process in which a Continuant changes its Location or Spatial Orientation over some Temporal Interval.
Vehicle Frame
A Material Artifact that is designed to be the main supporting structure of some Vehicle.
Portion of Liquid Fuel
A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a liquid state.
Ultrasonic Frequency
A Sound Frequency that is greater than 20 kHz.
Radiation Reflectivity
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to scatter or reflect electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency.
Beverage Antenna
A Wire Antenna that consists of a horizontal wire one-half to two wavelengths long that is suspended above the ground with one end attached to the receiver feedline and the other grounded and which is typically used in the low and medium frequency radio bands.
Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage_antenna
Spacecraft
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by Spaceflight.
Flywheel
A Material Artifact that is designed to store rotational energy such that it has a significant moment of inertia which enables it to resist changes in rotational speed.
The disposition will typically be a function of an artifact, which is often designed to be part of some Infrastructure system. But not always. In some cases an entity may be repurposed to be an element of some Infrastructure. In those cases it is a capability of that entity that supports the functioning of the system.
Infrastructure Role
A Role that inheres in the bearer of a Disposition and has been assigned to an Infrastructure System such that the realization of that Disposition is sometimes part of the functioning of the Infrastructure System.
Violet
A Color that is lower than Blue with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 400 and 450 nanometers.
Facsimile Transmission
Act of Facsimile Transmission
Act of Faxing
An Act of Communication by Media in which the Information Content Entity that inheres in a Document is transmitted over a Telephone Network.
Act of Entertainment
A Planned Act consisting of any activity which provides a diversion or permits people to amuse themselves.
Radio Receiver
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that is designed to extract information from radio waves intercepted by a Radio Antenna by using electronic filters to separate the desired radio frequency signal from other signals, an electronic amplifier to increase the power of the signal, and demodulation to recover the desired information.
Sidereal Time is the angle measured from an observer's meridian along the celestial equator to the Great Circle that passes through the March equinox and both poles. This angle is usually expressed in Hours, Minutes, and Seconds.
Sidereal Time Reference System
A Temporal Reference System that is based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to one or more fixed Stars (rather than the Sun).
Act of Violence
A Planned Act of causing harm to oneself or to another through the use of physical or verbal force.
Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function
A Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of electromagnetic radiation.
Data Range Interval Estimate Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the absolute difference between the largest value and the smallest value in the set.
Portion of Ammunition
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by being projected toward its target at a significant Velocity.
Portion of Paper
An Information Medium Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity by means of pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags, or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
Government Domain
A Delimiting Domain that delimits the authority of a Government to exercise its control within the bounded area.
Damaging Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired.
Multi-Second Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Seconds and spans at least one Second.
Full Motion Video Imaging Artifact Function
An Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce video of entities that is of high enough quality to make the represented motion appear continuous to human viewers.
Information Line
An Information Bearing Artifact that consists of a single line or row of some larger Information Bearing Artifact of which it is a part.
a line in a computer file that bears a portion of code for some computer program
Hydraulic Power Source
A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, or transmit power by means of pressurized liquid.
Act of Data Transformation
An Act of Information Processing in which an algorithm is executed to act upon one or more input Information Content Entities into one or more output Information Content Entities.
It is not a requirement that the output Information Content Entity(ies) be qualitatively distinct from the input(s) as a result of an Act of Data Transformation, though doing so is typically the goal of performing this Act. Consider, for example, selecting a column in an Excel spreadsheet then executing the \"Remove Duplicates\" Algorithm on it. The intent is to remove rows in that column containing duplicate content. If no duplicate values are present, the information in the column remains unchanged but an Act of Data Transformation was nonetheless performed.
Bond
A Financial Instrument that is designed to secure an Agent's debt for the holders of that debt.
Solvent Artifact Function
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in the dissolving of other substances (namely, solutes) without change in the former's chemical structure.
Counterfeit Legal Instrument
A Counterfeit Instrument that is designed to be a fake replica of some genuine Legal Instrument.
Examples: agreeing, betting, guaranteeing, inviting, offering, promising, swearing, volunteering
Act of Commissive Communication
An Act of Communication that commits a speaker to some future action.
Measurement Information Content Entity
Measurement ICE
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes the extent, dimensions, quantity, or quality of an Entity relative to some standard.
County
A Government Domain that is part of either a First-Order or Second-Order Administrative Region.
Terrorist Training Camp
A Training Camp designed to teach students methods of terrorism.
Multi-Minute Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Minutes and spans at least one Minute.
Midrange Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 500 Hz and 2 kHz.
Reaction Mass
Working Mass
A Material Entity against which a Propulsion System operates in order to produce Acceleration.
Communication Relay Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction.
Hard X-ray Frequency
An X-Ray Frequency that is between 3 and 30 exahertz.
Wireless Network Telephone Call
A Telephone Call transmitted over a network where the telephones are mobile and can move anywhere within the coverage area.
Portion of Gelatinous Propellant
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a gelatinous state.
Rocket Launcher
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch one or more Unguided Rockets.
Electromagnetic Shielding Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an electromagnetic field is blocked by barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials.
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes a canonical format for communication.
Estimate Information Content Entity
Estimate
Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
Estimated Value
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of an entity based on partial information about that entity or an appropriately similar entity.
Roll Orientation
Roll
A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Roll Axis.
Railway Crossing
Level Crossing
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Persons or Ground Vehicles to cross a Railway when traveling along a road or path that is perpendicular to and at the same elevation as the Railway at the point where they overlap.
Digital Storage Device
An Information Medium Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity by means of recording that information in digital (binary) format.
Members of organizations are either Organizations themselves or individual Persons. Members can bear specific Organization Member Roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the Organization by the organization members.
A Group of Agents which can be the bearer of roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules.
Triple Inertial Navigation System
Triple INS
An Inertial Navigation System that is designed to use three redundant computers to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without the need for external references, in such a way that eliminates the need for a navigator.
Phase Angle
Orbital Phase Angle
A Relational Quality that is the angle between the light incident onto an observed Object and the light reflected from the Object.
Social Network
A Group of Agents that are connected in dyadic relations by similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections.
Spinning Motion
A Rotational Motion of an Object around an Axis of Rotation that passes through the Object's Center of Mass.
A Vehicle that is designed to travel through air or space and which obtains Thrust from a Rocket Engine.
Color Hue
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect a dominant wavelength of the visible light spectrum, which is typically divided up into 6 to 8 ranges.
Navigation System
A Material Artifact that is designed to enable an Agent or Artifact to determine the position or direction of some object, usually for the purpose of monitoring or controlling the movement of some Vehicle from one place to another.
Denture
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace missing teeth.
Blue
A Color that is between Cyan and Violet with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 450 to 490 nanometers.
Telephone Call
Act of Telephone Calling
An Act of Communciation by Media transmitted over a telephone network to two or more Persons.
Operational Stasis
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact maintains its designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least maintains its primary functions).
Radio Antenna
A Bidirectional Transducer that is designed to convert electric power into radio waves, and radio waves into electric power.
Fatigability
A Realizable Entity that is realized when its bearer loses strength and tires quickly.
This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the occurs_on property) that the Entity bears the Role.
Gain of Role
A Gain of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant becomes bearer of some Role.
Geospatial Error Region
A One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary that bounds some Geospatial Region according to probability estimations for locating some object within it.
Many Acts of Manufacturing and Construction involve one or more Acts of Artifact Assembly, but Acts of Artifact Assembly can also occur in isolation from these activities.
Act of Artifact Assembly
An Act of Artifact Processing wherein a new Artifact is created by fitting component parts together.
putting together a piece of furniture purchased from Ikea
Anthropogenic Feature
An Environmental Feature that is related to or is the result of the influence of human beings on the environment.
In American-English, the term 'Railcar' is often used in a broader sense that is interchangeable with 'Railroad Car'.
Railcar
A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a single self-propelled Vehicle that is not a Train, is designed to transport passengers, and which may also be designed to connect to other Railcars to form a Train.
Protruding
A Shape Quality inhering in a part of an object in virtue of the part extending out above or beyond the surface of the object.
Structural Support Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact providing physical support to another object.
Trail
A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable transport through rough country, such as a forest or moor.
Size Quality
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in one or more dimensions.
Delimiting Domain
A Geospatial Region that delimits the authority of an Organization to exercise its control within the bounded area.
Night
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm) and when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am).
Priority Scale
A Reference System that is designed to be used to rank or identify the importance of entities of the specified type.
Multi-Year Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Years and spans at least one Year.
Optical Lens
Lens
An Optical Instrument that is designed to focus or disperse a beam of light entering the lens by means of refraction.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 m
High Frequency
ITU Band Number 7
A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 MHz.
UPC-E Barcode
A UPC Barcode that consists of 6 numerical digits.
Retail Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of selling goods or merchandise in small or individual lots for direct consumption by persons or organizations.
Lifting Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to lift some object.
Female Sex
A Biological Sex inhering in an individual that only produces gametes that can be fertilized by male gametes.
Stasis of Artifact Operationality
A Stasis of Realizable Entity that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact's designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least its primary functions) or the realizations of those functions remain unchanged.
Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant
An Increase of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Specifically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Funeral
Act of Funeral Ceremony
An Act of Ceremony in which the Life of a Person who has died is celebrated, sanctified, or remembered.
Periscope
An Optical Instrument that is designed to enable observation of an object that is located over, around, or through another object, obstacle, or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from the observer's current position.
Medium Machine Gun
A Mounted Gun that is designed to fire full-power rifle Cartridges (less than .50 caliber or 12.7mm) in quick succession from an ammunition belt, and which typically weighs 22-30 lbs.
Signal Processing Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in the process of transferring or processing information contained in signals.
Delta-v is not equivalent to and should not be confused with Acceleration, which is the rate of change of Velocity.
Delta-v
Change in Velocity
DeltaV
A Process Profile that is the total change in Velocity of an object's Motion.
Opaque
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's incapacity to transmit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs all electromagnetic radiation of that frequency.
Physically Powered Engine
Physical Engine
An Engine that is designed to convert potential or kinetic energy into mechanical energy.
Solar Panel System
Photovoltaic System
Solar Array
An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of one or more Solar Panels, a power inverter, electrical wiring between the components, a mounting and support structure, and may also include a battery and/or a solar tracking system and is the bearer of functions realized in processes of deriving, transferring, and storing electrical energy derived from light energy.
Dish Receiver
A Radio Receiver that uses a Parabolic (or Dish) Antenna to intercept radio signals.
Process Requirement
Duty
Obligation
A Process Regulation that requires some Process.
Yellow
A Color that is between Orange and Green with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 560 to 590 nanometers.
Act of Employment
An Act of Association wherein an Organization assigns a set of activities to some Person to be performed in exchange for financial compensation.
Longitudinal Wave Profile
Compression Wave
Longitudinal Wave
A Wave Process Profile in which the displacement of participating particles is parallel to the direction of the Wave Process' propogation such that the particles alternate between participating in processes of compression and rarefaction as they participate in individual Wave Processes.
Journal Article
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear a specific brief composition on a specific topic as part of a Journal Issue.
Alkaline Electric Battery
A Primary Cell Electric Battery that has a Zinc anode and Manganese (IV) oxide cathode.
Rhombic Antenna
A Wire Antenna that consists of one to three parallel wires suspended above the ground by poles or towers at each vertex in a rhombic shape with each of the four sides being the same length (typically at least one wavelength or longer).
Brilliance Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 6 and 20 kHz.
In all cases, to possess something, an agent must have an intention to possess it.
Act of Possession
A Planned Act in which an agent intentionally exercises control towards a thing.
Crushing Artifact Function
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired because of significant pressure.
Neutralization Artifact Function
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.
Military Time Zone Identifier
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Zulu time, which has no offset from Coordinated Universal Time.
Act of Suicide
Suicide
An Act of Violence in which some Agent intentionally and voluntarily causes their own death.
Birth
A Natural Process of bringing forth offspring.
Initialism
An Abbreviated Name that consists of the initial letters of some words (or syllables) in a Designative Name, and in which each letter is pronounced separately.
Group of Organizations
A Group of Agents that has only Organizations as parts.
Radio Communication Artifact Function
An Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of radio waves.
Sensor Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes wherein its bearer is used to produce an output signal which reliably corresponds to changes in the artifact's environment.
Actuator
A Transducer that is designed to convert some control signal into mechanical motion.
Document Field
An Information Bearing Entity that is a part of some document into which bearers of prescribed information can be written or selected.
Act of Issuing Mass Media Article
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation a non-fictional essay, especially one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or journal.
PDF417 Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used in applications that require the storage of huge amounts of data.
Under Active Control
An Active Stasis during which an Artifact participates in an Act of Artifact Employment.
Telecommunication Endpoint
A Telecommunication Network Node that connects a Telecommunication Terminal to a Telecommunication Network.
A Telecommunication Terminal is an end user device such as a Telephone, fax machine, or Computer.
Artificial Eye
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing eye.
Cabin Pressurization Control System
An Environment Control System that is designed to control the process in which conditioned air is pumped into the Cabin of some Aircraft or Spacecraft in order to create a safe and comfortable environment for passengers and crew flying at high altitudes.
Interior Lighting System
A Lighting System that is designed to emit light within the interior of some area.
Act of Intelligence Gathering
A Planned Act of producing and/or gathering information by a government or other Organization to guide decisions and actions by answering questions or obtaining advance warning of events and movements deemed to be important or otherwise relevant.
Propulsion Artifact Function
A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the bearer of the function creates force leading to an entity's movement.
Fuel Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which a Portion of Fuel is reacted with other substances in order to release chemical or nuclear energy to be used for heat or for work.
Revolver
A Hand Gun having a number of firing chambers in a revolving cylinder, where each chamber in the cylinder can be loaded with a single Cartridge.
Insecticide Artifact Function
A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process that causes harm to, or the death of, an insect.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance ('Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity
Accuracy of Process
Reliability Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity can consistently produce an outcome.
Reliability concerns both a measure of past performance and the expectation that future performance will conform to the range of past performances.
Nuclear Storage Depot
A Storage Facility that is designed to store nuclear material.
Port
A Transportation Facility that is designed to contain harbors for docking Watercraft and for transfering people or cargo to and from land.
Portion of Atmosphere
A fiat object part of the layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a natural satellite.
Code 39 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 39 characters that are numbers 0-9, capital letters A-Z, or the symbols -.$/+% and space and is used primarily in automotive and defense industries.
Act of Identifying
An Act of Representative Communication performed by asserting who or what a particular person or thing is.
Person
Human
An Animal that is a member of the species Homo sapiens.
Act of Issuing Mass Media Documentary
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation information that provides a factual record or report.
Code 128 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of up to 128 ASCII characters and is used primarily in supply chains.
Public Address System
PA System
A Communication System that is designed to allow a Person to speak to a large audience.
Act of Vocational Training Instruction
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with a Vocational School, Technical School, Trade Organization, or Industry Educational Program Provider by imparting skills required for a specific occupation in industry, agriculture or trade to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Act of Propaganda
An Act of Deceptive Communication Propaganda intended to influence the attitude of a mass audience toward some cause or position by presenting facts selectively (thus possibly lying by omission) or by using loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented.
ISBN Barcode
An EAN Barcode that is used to designate books.
Act of Warning
An Act of Directive Communication performed by indicating a possible or impending danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation.
Howitzer
A Cannon that is designed to have a relatively short barrel and to use relatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles in relatively high trajectories with a steep angle of descent.
Wired Communication Relay Artifact Function
A Communication Relay Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information by means of wires from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction.
Act of Murder
An Act of Homicide with malice aforethought.
Sensor Modality Function
A Sensor Artifact Function that inheres in some Sensor in virtue of the type of energy the Sensor is capable of converting into an output signal.
Infrasonic Frequency
A Sound Frequency that is below 20 Hz.
Nominal Speed Artifact Function
A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains a speed that does not exceed some specified tolerance of that Artifact.
Carrier Air Wing
A Military Force that is trained and equipped to conduct air operations while embarked on an aircraft carrier.
Red
A Color that is above Orange with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 635 to 700 nanometers.
Stock
A Financial Instrument that entitles holders to an ownership interest (equity) in the specified Incorporated Organization.
Vibration Motion
Mechanical Oscillation
Oscillation Motion
Vibration
A Motion wherein some participant repetitively deviates from a central location to two surrounding locations.
Flat
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a horizontal border without a significant deviation.
Emulsifier Artifact Function
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which two or more liquids that are normally immiscible are mixed.
Hydraulic Valve
A Valve that is designed to regulate, direct, or control the flow of a liquid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Refinery
A Factory that is designed for refining raw materials into products of value.
Crew
A Group of Persons that bear Roles realized by the operation of the specified Vehicle.
Revolving Motion
A Rotational Motion of an Object around an Axis of Rotation that is located externally to the Site occupied by the Object.
Waveform
A Wave Process Profile that is the shape of the Wave Cycles of the Wave Process when depicted in a visual graph.
Maintenance Facility
A Facility that is designed to be used to perform actions to maintain or improve the state of some property or equipment.
Round Shot
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a solid projectile without explosive charge and to be fired from a cannon.
Damaged Stasis
Compromised
Damaged
Injured
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has suffered impairment (i.e., a decrease or loss) due to a previous action or event such that the Independent Continuant is now of lesser value, usefulness, or functionality.
This class can be used to instantiate instances that might otherwise be treated by defined classes such as Damaged Vehicle or Wounded Person. The Independent Continuant and Quality or Realizable Entity are participants of the stasis which can in turn be related to the temporal interval via the occurs on property.
Measurement Unit of Length
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of one-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
Radiation Absorptivity
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to absorb electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency.
Bus
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a large number of people and to travel on six or more tired wheels.
Perimeter
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the extent of a boundary which encloses the bearer.
Three Dimensional Extent
Volume
A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
Financial Facility
A Facility that is designed to support the management of money.
Pitch Orientation
A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Pitch Axis.
Military Headquarters Facility
A Military Facility that is designed for military administration and coordination.
Document
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity in a series of paragraphs of text or diagrams in the form of physical pieces of paper or an electronic word processor file.
Wetting Agent Artifact Function
A Surfactant Artifact Function that is realized in a process that reduces the water repellent tendency of a substance thereby allowing it to become wet.
Patch Antenna
Microstrip Patch Antenna
Rectangular Microstrip Antenna
A Radio Antenna that consists of a flat rectangular sheet (or patch) of metal mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane which is typically contained inside a plastic radome for protection and is small enough that it can be mounted on a flat surface.
Service Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process of providing intangible goods to consumers.
Civil Organization
An Organization that is not commercial or military and is the bearer of a Civilian Role.
Position Observation Artifact Function
An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the position of a specified object or class of objects.
Dimension Specification
An Quality Specification that prescribes some Size Quality.
Loss of Function
A Loss of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Function.
Observation Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about a specified object or class of objects.
Measurement Unit of Mass Flow Rate
A Measurement Unit of Flow that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which the Mass of a substance passes per unit time.
kilogram per second, slug per second, pound per second
Sewage Treatment Facility
A Waste Management Facility that is designed for removing contaminants from wastewater, especially sewage.
Lot Number
A Code Identifier that designates a particular quantity or lot of material from a single manufacturer.
Covering Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an entity is covered.
Aircraft Manufacturing Facility
A Factory that is designed to manufacture Aircraft.
Paramilitary Force
An Armed Force whose organizational structure, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional Military, and which is not included as part of a Government's formal Armed Forces.
Article of Clothing
A Material Artifact that is designed to cover some portion of a body.
Legal System Act
A Planned Act performed by an Agent that realizes their role within the context of a legal system of some jurisdiction.
Waste Management Facility
A Facility that is designed for managing waste for some portion of the waste's existence.
Gimbal
An Equipment Mount that consists of a pivoted support that allows an Artifact to Rotate about one or more Axes.
Measurement Unit of Volume
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of sites or three-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
Yaw Orientation
Yaw
A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Yaw Axis.
Tank firepower is normally provided by a large-caliber main gun mounted in a rotating turret, which is supported by secondary machine guns. A tank's heavy armour and all-terrain mobility provide protection for both the tank and its crew, allowing it to perform all primary tasks of the armoured troops on the battlefield.
Tank
An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to carry heavy firepower, have a powerful Engine, and travel on one or more continuous tracks such that it is suitable for front-line combat and can provide operational maneuverability as well as tactical offensive and defensive capabilities.
Radio Transceiver
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device composed of both a Radio Transmitter and a Radio Receiver that share common circuitry or a single housing.
Lead Acid Electric Battery
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a lead anode and lead oxide cathode.
For the most part Generically Dependent Continuants do not inhere in their bearers over some continuous scale. The primary exception is religion and this class allows annotation of those cases where an Agent is described as becoming less religious. Other cases would include the decrease of an organization's bearing of some objective.
Decrease of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Decrease of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in the level of a Generically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Bearing Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which the Artifact constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts.
Process Regulation
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes an Process as required, prohibited, or permitted, and is the output of an Process which realizes some Authority Role.
Although regulations often regulate processes which involve agents--as the regulating or regulated participant--it is unclear how causally active an agents need to be in those regulated processes. For example, it is not clear how causally active a human agent is in the process of a traffic light regulating the motion of a self-driving vehicle.
Act of Renting
An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Renter) as a payment to acquire temporary possession or use of a good or property that is owned or controlled by another Agent (the Seller).
Land Transportation Artifact
A Transportation Artifact that is fixed in place and designed to bear a Function, the realization of which is sometimes part of a process moving Vehicles and Agents from one location to another via land.
Social Act
A Planned Act having an objective that affects, is performed by, or is performed on behalf of, a community or group of Persons.
Temporal Reference System
Temporal Reference Frame
Time Scale
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for measuring time as well as understanding the context of and organizing temporal data.
Education Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of transmiting accumulated knowledge skills and values from one generation to another.
Telemetry Process
A Mechanical Process that is highly automated and in which measurements are made or other data is collected and transmitted to receiving equipment to facilitate the monitoring of environmental conditions or equipment parameters at a remote or inaccessible location.
using a GPS tag to track a shark's migratory pattern
using a portable cardiac monitor to remotely collect data on a patient's heart activity (biotelemetry)
Legal Name
A Proper Name that is an official name for the designated entity as determined by a Government or court of law.
Extreme Ultraviolet Light Frequency
An Ultraviolet Light Frequency that is between 3 and 30 petahertz.
Rosy
A Color consisting of red hue and yellow hue and high brightness.
Act of Purchasing
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Purchaser) to acquire a good or service from another Agent (the Provider).
Government
An Organization that is the highest legitimate authority delimited by some Delimiting Domain and that exercises executive, legislative, or judicial authority in that Domain.
Highest legitimate authority should not be confused with highest legitimate authority of a particular kind. For example, while the judicial branch of the United States government has the highest judicial authority in a Delimiting Domain, it is not the highest legitimate authority delimited by that domain. The combination of executive, judicial, and legislative branches is higher because it wields more legitimate authority than any branch on its own.
Importantly, the definition states "highest legitimate authority delimited by some Delimiting Domain" and not "highest legitimate authority in some Delimiting Domain." The government of Wales is the highest legitimate authority delimited by some Delimiting Domain but it is not the highest legitimate authority in that domain, which would be the government of the United Kingdom.
The relation between the owner and property may be private, collective, or common and the property may be objects, land, real estate, or intellectual property.
Act of Ownership
An Act of Possession that includes an agent having certain rights and duties over the property owned.
Infrared Light Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 300 gigahertz and 430 tetrahertz.
Timbre
A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the variation, spectrum, or envelope of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from dull or dark to bright.
Act of Walking
An Act of Travel that proceeds by foot.
Calendar Date Identifier
A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a combination of Day, Week, Month, or Year Identifiers formatted according to an implementation of a Calendar System.
Portion of Geosphere
A fiat object part that is composed of one or more portions of the atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, or lithosphere
Infantry Fighting Vehicle
An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to carry infantry into battle and to provide fire support for them.
Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFVs) are differentiated from Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) because they are designed to give direct fire support to the dismounted infantry and so usually have significantly enhanced armament. IFVs also often have improved armour and firing ports (allowing the infantry to fire personal weapons while mounted).
Circuit Breaker
A Material Artifact that is designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit.
Biological Depot
A Storage Facility that is designed to store biological agents.
Measurement Unit of Impulse
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the integral of a Force applied to a portion of matter over a temporal interval.
Legal Instrument
A Material Artifact that is designed as a formally executed written document that can be formally attributed to its author, records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, or contractual duty, obligation, or right, and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement.
Behavior
An Act in which an Independent Continuant participates as an Agent in response to external or internal stimuli and following some pattern which is dependent upon some combination of that Independent Continuant's internal state and external conditions.
For an object in motion, its Three-Dimensional Position is part of its Three-Dimensional Path.
Three-Dimensional Position
A Three-Dimensional Spatial Region that encompasses the (minimal) spatial region in which some object is located at a particular time.
Grey
A Color between white and black colors.
Thermal Control Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact increasing, decreasing, or maintaining the temperature of itself, a part of itself, or another object.
Cartesian Coordinate System
Rectangular Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that identifies each point in a spatial region of n-dimensions using an ordered n-tuple of numerical coordinates that are the signed (i.e. positive or negative) distances measured in the same unit of length from the zero point where the fixed perpendicular Coordinate System Axes meet.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London and has been superseded by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Greenwich Mean Time Zone Identifier
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Greenwich Mean Time.
Speed Artifact Function
A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which its bearer has some speed.
Vermilion
A Color consisting of red and orange hue with a slight amount of gray.
Freight Train Car
Freight Car
A Train Car that is designed to transport cargo.
Increase of Disposition
An Increase of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Disposition that it bears.
Measurement Unit of Time
A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of temporal regions.
School
An Education Facility that is designed to provide learning space and environments for teaching of students under the direction of teachers.
An Act of Manufacturing typically involves the mass production of goods.
Act of Manufacturing
An Act of Artifact Processing wherein Artifacts are created in a Facility for the purpose of being sold to consumers.
Three Dimensional Shape
A Shape Quality that inheres only in a three dimensional entity.
Healing Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which health is restored to an unbalanced, diseased, or damaged organism.
Gas Processing Facility
A Refinery that is designed for refining natural gas into products of value.
Male Sex
A Biological Sex inhering in an individual whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
Interval Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that places a Quality of an Entity onto some interval scale having no true zero value.
The sentence "The temperature reached -27 degrees Fahrenheit on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of an interval measurement as 0 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale does not describe absolute zero.
Maximum Speed Artifact Function
A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains the highest speed at which that Artifact is designed to operate.
Powering Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to supply power to some Artifact.
Subclasses of one dimensional extent are included for usability. It is doubtful any of them can be objectively distinguished (on the side of the bearing entity) without some reference to external properties such as orientation and perspective.
One Dimensional Extent
A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension.
Motion Observation Artifact Function
An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the Motion of a specified object or class of objects.
Rectangular
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of having four sides and four 90 degree angles.
Machine Bearing
A Material Artifact that is designed to constrain relative motion to only desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.
Electromagnetic Induction Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact that is used to produce electromotive force across an electrical conductor due to its dynamic interaction with a magnetic field.
Fertilizer Artifact Function
An Enhancing Artifact Function that is realized in processes of supplying soilds or plant tissues with one or more plant nutrients essential to growth.
Bow
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Arrows.
Examples: Baptism, Sentencing a person to imprisonment, Pronouncing a couple husband and wife, Declaring war
Act of Declarative Communication
An Act of Communication that changes the reality in accord with the proposition of the declaration.
Washing Facility
A Facility that is designed to wash personnel or equipment.
Torque
Moment of Force
A Force that is applied to an object in a direction that would tend to cause the object to rotate around an Axis of Rotation and is the rate of change of an object's Angular Momentum.
Gold Color
A Color that resembles a yellow-orange Hue with the added feature of having a metallic shine.
Hospitality Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of accommodation food and beverage meeting and events gaming entertainment and recreation tourism services and visitor information.
Agent Capability
A Realizable Entity that inheres in a Material Entity in virtue of that Material Entity's capacity to realize it in some Planned Act.
Farm
An Agricultural Facility that is designed to produce food and other crops.
Medical Artifact
A Material Artifact that is designed for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease, disability, or death.
Electronic Cash
A Portion of Cash that consists of Bytes.
Fire Station
Fire Hall
Fire House
A Public Safety Facility that is designed for the storage of firefighting apparatus.
Note that it is important to specify the frequency of electromagnetic radiation when representing a bearer's Opacity since a bearer may be Opaque with respect to electromagnetic radiation of one frequency, but be transparent with respect to electromagnetic radiation of another frequency. Unless otherwise stated, statements about a bearer's Opacity are assumed to be about electromagnetic radiation with a frequency in the visible spectrum.
Opacity
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer instead of reflecting, scattering, or absorbing electromangentic radiation of that frequency.
Although its basic function remains the same, a Filter can be used in 2 different ways: (1) to allow only the desired entities to pass through (e.g. removing dirt from engine oil); or (2) to allow everything except the desired entities to pass through (e.g. panning for gold).
Filter Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process where entities of a specific type or which have specified properties enter it or pass through it.
Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion
Australasia Ecoregion
Southern central Australia Ecoregion
Simpson Desert Region
Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion
Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion
Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion
Gibson Desert Ecoregion
The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion
Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion
Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion
Afrotropical Ecoregion
Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa
Succulent Karoo Ecoregion
Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia
Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman
Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion
Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion
Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion
Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion
Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion
Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion
Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion
Namib Desert Ecoregion
Nama Karoo Ecoregion
Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion
Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion
Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion
Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion
Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion
Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion
Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion
Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion
Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion
Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion
Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion
Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion
Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion
North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan
East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion
Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion
Indo-Malay Ecoregion
Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan
Thar Desert
Southern Asia: Eastern India and western Pakistan
Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests
A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth.
Arctic front
A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth.
Antarctic front
Solar radiation
exploratory term
exemplar term
example to be eventually removed
failed exploratory term
The term was initially used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology, but in retrospect failed to do a good job.
The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
Terms created as placeholders with the expectation of being permanent should instead be deprecated using the "placeholder removed" (obo:IAO_0000226) justification.
metadata complete
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
organizational term
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
The term was created to ease viewing/sorting terms for development purposes, but will not be included in a release.
ready for release
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
metadata incomplete
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
uncurated
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
pending final vetting
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
placeholder removed
The term was created to temporarily stand in for a semantic purpose, but is no longer needed, typically due to another permanent term being defined.
This reason is appropriate for a temporary term even if no permanent term is defined; for example if the need for the term no longer exists. If a permanent (replacement) term is defined, the deprecated term should reference the replacement with IAO:0100001. If no replacement is defined, it may be appropriate to reference alternative terms with oboInOwl:consider.
terms merged
The term has been combined with one or more other terms to create a more encompassing (merged) term.
An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
The deprecated term should reference the merged term with obo:IAO_0100001. The replacement term should reference the original terms as sources using obo:RO_0001000 (derives_from). An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
term imported
The term has been replaced by a term imported from another ontology.
This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.
This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. The deprecated term should reference the imported term with obo:IAO_0100001.
term split
The term has been split into two or more new terms.
This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.
This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split. The deprecated term should reference the replacement terms with obo:IAO_0100001.
universal
Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf
defined class
A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
"definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
named class expression
A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
to be replaced with external ontology term
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
requires discussion
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
An confidence interval with 95 percent probability that the true population value can be found.
95% confidence interval
Transformation-ML
Transformation-ML file describing parameter transformations used in a GvHD experiment.
Transformation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Transformation-ML standard.(http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf)
person:Jennifer Fostel
ACS
d06.acs, ACS1.0 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment.
ACS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Analytical Cytometry Standard. (http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/)
XML
RDF/XML file, OWL file, Compensation-ML file, WSDL document, SVG document
XML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Extensible Markup Language Recommendation.(http://www.w3.org/XML/)
RDF
A FOAF file, a SKOS file, an OWL file.
RDF is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Resource Description Framework RDF/XML Syntax specification.(http://www.w3.org/RDF/)
zip
MagicDraw MDZIP archive, Java JAR file.
zip is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the PKWARE .ZIP file format specification (http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/)
tar
Example.tar file.
tar is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the tape archive file format as standardized by POSIX.1-1998, POSIX.1-2001, or any other tar format compliant with the GNU tar specification. (http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/)
FCS
d01.fcs, FCS3 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment.
FCS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Flow Cytometry Data File Standard.(http://www.fcspress.com/)
Compensation-ML
compfoo.xml, Compensation-ML file describing compensation used in a GvHD experiment
Compensation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Compensation-ML standard. (http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf)
Gating-ML
foogate.xml, Gating-ML file describing gates used in a GvHD experiment.
Gating-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Gating-ML standard. (http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/)
OWL
OBI ontology file, Basic Formal Ontology file, BIRNLex file, BioPAX file.
OWL is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Web Ontology Language specification.(http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/)
An organization which supplies technology, tools and protocols for use in high throughput applications
GenePattern module SVM is a GenePattern software module which is used to run a support vector machine data transformation.
GenePattern module KMeansClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a k Means clustering data transformation.
GenePattern module CARTXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a CART decision tree induction with a leave one out cross validation data transformations.
GenePattern module KNNXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a k-nearest neighbours clustering with a leave one out cross validation data transformations.
GenePattern module KNN is a GenePattern software module which perform a k-nearest neighbors data transformation.
GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering
GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a hierarchical clustering data transformation.
GenePattern module PCA is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data transformation.
GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization
The GenePattern process of generating Heat Maps from clustered data.
GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization
The GenePattern process of generating hierarchical clustering visualization from clustered data.
A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a heatmap view of data.
GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer
A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a view of data that has been hierarchically clustered.
The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities.
PMID:5146491#Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113
Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies)
An organization that focuses on manufacturing target enrichment probe pools for DNA sequencing.
An organization that supplies tools for studying the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA and protein. It developed a powerful technology platform called single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology which enables real-time analysis of biomolecules with single molecule resolution.
An organization that supplies life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostics based on a novel digital molecular barcoding technology. The NanoString platform can provide simple, multiplexed digital profiling of single molecules.
An autolysis value specification that indicates no apparent autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues.
0-non autolyis
An autolysis value specification that indicates slight autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues.
1-slight autolysis
An autolysis value specification that indicates moderate autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues.
2-moderate autolysis
An autolysis value specification that indicates severe autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues.
3-severe autolysis
An organization that is an American multinational, biotechnology product development company, created in 2006 by the merger of Thermo Electron and Fisher Scientific.
A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells and the organization of the tumor tissue appear close to normal.
A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are moderately differentiated and reflect an intermediate grade.
A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are poorly differentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue.
A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are undifferentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue.
A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are round, uniform, approximately 10um and that nucleoli are inconspicuous or absent.
A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are slightly irregular, approximately 15um and nucleoli are evident.
A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are very irregular, approximately 20um and nucleoli large and prominent.
A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei arei bizarre and multilobulated, 20um or greater and nucleoli are prominent and chromatin clumped.
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is low grade.
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is high grade.
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is well differentiated.
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is moderately differentiated.
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is poorly differentiated.
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is undifferentiated.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ (intraepithelial or invasion of lamina propria).
A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades submucosa.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades muscularis propria.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades subserosa or into non-peritionealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor perforates visceral peritoneum.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor directly invades other organs or structures.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm in greatest dimension.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 7 cm or the tumor has any of the following features: involves main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina, invades visceral pleura, associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of: parietal pleura, chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardiu or the tumor is in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina or there is associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to that of the primary.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 7 cm or less in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 4 cm or less.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm but not more than 10 cm.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 10 cm and limited to the kidney.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond the Gerota fascia.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or the tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat (peripelvic) fat but not beyond Gerota fascia.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava below diaphragm.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava above the diaphragm or Invades the wall of the vena cava.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades beyond Gerota fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland).
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to the ovaries (one or both).
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one ovary; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to both ovaries; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one or both ovaries with capsule ruptured, tumor on ovarian surface, or malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension and/or implants on uterus and/or tube(s) and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension to other pelvic tissues and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has pelvic extension with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with microscopically confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and/or regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has microscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has macroscopic peritoneal, metastatasis beyond pelvis, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.
A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension and/or regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastsis.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1 regional lymph node.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating tumor deposit(s), i.e., satellites in the subserosa, or in non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal soft tissue without regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 to 6 regional lymph nodes.
A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes.
A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension.
A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s).
A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s).
A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are no symptoms or signs of distant metastasis.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is clinical evidence of distant metastases by history, physical examination, imaging studies, or invasive procedures, but without microscopic evidence of the presumed distant metastases.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ based on clinical assessment.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum based on clinical assessment.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is microscopic evidence confirming distant metastatic disease.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ and histologically confirmed.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum and histologically confirmed.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is based on clinical assessment and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases based on clinical assessment.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is histologically confirmed and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed and associated with distant lymph nodes or carcinomatosis.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis based on clinical assessment.
A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis that is histologically confirmed.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a small carcinoma, either asymptomatic or giving rise to metastases without symptoms due to the primary carcinoma.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers that are smaller or less deeply invasive without regional disease or nodes.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIB and IIC.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIC.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIB.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIB and IIIC.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIC.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIB.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVB.
A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVA.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating invasive carcinoma which can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with deepest invasion <5 mm and the largest extension <7 mm.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of <3.0 mm in depth and extension of <7.0 mm.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of >3.0 mm and not >5.0 mm with an extension of not >7.0 mm.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesions limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA <4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA >4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating tumour involves lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread of the growth to adjacent organs.
An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread to distant organs.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1a, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1b, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1c, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2a, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2b, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2c, N0, and M0.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3, N0, and M0) or (T3,3a,3b, NX, and M0).
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3a, N0, and M0 .
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3b, N0, and M0 .
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3c, N0,X and M0) or (any T, N1 and M0).
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of any T, any N, and M1.
A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T0, N0, and M0) or (T1,1a-1c,2,2a-2c, NX, and M0) or (TX, N0,X, M0).
3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden
An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and in bed for more than 50% of the day but is not bed ridden.
2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is in bed for less than 50% of the day.
An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and is bed ridden.
An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is asymptomatic.
An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is fully ambulatory.
A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is asymptomatic.
A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but fully ambulatory.
60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day.
40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden
A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden.
An organization that is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products and is based in the UK.
An organization that manufactures mosquito traps and other mosquito control products.
A manufacturer of rapid point-of-care assay devices.
A manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic assay kits in India.
A manufacturer that specializes in in vitro diagnostic devices designed to test for infectious diseases.
The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples in disease ontologies are: unnecessary class grouping; mistaked creation of a disease associated to a phenotype.
The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was a valid domain entity, but it turns out the entity does not exist in reality.
This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. For example: Obsoleting class that describes a breed of cow based on a record in an existing database, that was later retracted as faulty (breed does not exist). Do not use this term to obsolete a historic concept (that was once valid, but not anymore).
An underwater habitat and research laboratory deployed on the ocean floor at a depth of 62 feet/19 meters and located 3.5 miles/6.5 km from Key Largo, FL. The installation consists of a surface-level life support buoy, the 45ft/14m x 9.8ft/3m habitat with living quarters, life-support systems, and laboratory space, and two underwater waystations supplying air for aquanauts on extended dives outside the habitat. The habitat includes a wet entry porch, a pressurizable main cabin, and a sealable entry lock connecting the two pressure zones. Saturation diving allows crews of up to six people to conduct extended missions while living in the habitat. Aquarius enables spaceflight analog studies approximating extreme space environments, extravehicular activity, and isolation and confinement of crew.
References: Sandra H�uplik-Meusburger and Sheryl Bishop, Space Habitats and Habitability: Designing for Isolated and Confined Environments on Earth and in Space (Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2021). NASA NEEMO page: [https://www.nasa.gov/mission/neemo/]
The NEK facility is located at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Russia. It is a multi-compartment, pressurized facility that is used to capture subjects' emotional and mental state in long-duration isolated and confined environment to advance understanding of behavioral risks associated with this type of spaceflight analog. Subjects are physically isolated and have limited communication to the outside world. This enables subjects to feel as if they are in an actual spaceflight environment. The two areas of study are behavioral health and biochemistry, which will monitor subjects� psychological health and cortisol levels, respectively.
:envihab is a state-of-the-art research facility located in Cologne, Germany.
The HERA facility is located at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas and consists of a unique three-story closed habitat that is designed to serve as an analog for isolation, confinement, and remote conditions in exploration scenarios. Subjects� emotional and mental states in a short-duration, isolated, and confined environment are captured to advance understanding of behavioral risks associated with this type of spaceflight analog. The two areas of study are behavioral health and biochemistry, which monitor subjects� psychological health and cortisol levels, respectively.
A collection is an aggregation of items. The term collection means that the resource is described as a group; its parts may be separately described and navigated.
Collection
A dataset is information encoded in a defined structure (for example, lists, tables, and databases), intended to be useful for direct machine processing.
An event is a non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, responsible agents, and links to related events and resources. The resource of type event may not be retrievable if the described instantiation has expired or is yet to occur. Examples - exhibition, web-cast, conference, workshop, open-day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea-party, conflagration.
Event
An image is a primarily symbolic visual representation other than text. For example - images and photographs of physical objects, paintings, prints, drawings, other images and graphics, animations and moving pictures, film, diagrams, maps, musical notation. Note that image may include both electronic and physical representations.
An interactive resource is a resource which requires interaction from the user to be understood, executed, or experienced. For example - forms on web pages, applets, multimedia learning objects, chat services, virtual reality.
Interactive Resource
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. For example -- a computer, the great pyramid, a sculpture. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these things should use Image, Text or one of the other types.
Physical Object
A service is a system that provides one or more functions of value to the end-user. Examples include: a photocopying service, a banking service, an authentication service, interlibrary loans, a Z39.50 or Web server.
Service
Software is a computer program in source or compiled form which may be available for installation non-transiently on another machine. For software which exists only to create an interactive environment, use interactive instead.
Software
A sound is a resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio. For example - a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Sound
A text is a resource whose content is primarily words for reading. For example - books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
The DCMI Box identifies a region of space using its geographic limits.
DCMI Box
Dewey Decimal Classification
DDC
The Internet media type of the resource.
IMT
ISO 3166 Codes for the representation of names of countries
ISO 3166
ISO 639-2: Codes for the representation of names of languages.
ISO 639-2
Library of Congress Classification
LCC
Library of Congress Subject Headings
LCSH
Medical Subject Headings
MeSH
A specification of the limits of a time interval.
DCMI Period
The DCMI Point identifies a point in space using its geographic coordinates.
DCMI Point
Internet RFC 1766 'Tags for the identification of Language' specifies a two letter code taken from ISO 639, followed optionally by a two letter country code taken from ISO 3166.
RFC 1766
Internet RFC 3066 'Tags for the Identification of Languages' specifies a primary subtag which is a two-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 1 or a three-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 2, followed optionally by a two-letter country code taken from ISO 3166. When a language in ISO 639 has both a two-letter and three-letter code, use the two-letter code; when it has only a three-letter code, use the three-letter code. This RFC replaces RFC 1766.
RFC 3066
The Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
TGN
Universal Decimal Classification
UDC
A URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URI
W3C Encoding rules for dates and times - a profile based on ISO 8601
W3C-DTF
Haiti Gourde
Yemeni Rial
Mauritania Ouguiya
Minute of Arc Measurement Unit
Arcminute
MOA
amin
arcmin
Kenyan Shilling
Slug Measurement Unit
slug
Erg Measurement Unit
erg
GMT-8
PST
Pacific Standard Time
Tablespoon Measurement Unit
Papua New Guinea Kina
Newfoundland Standard Time
Viet Nam Dong
Centimeter Measurement Unit
Global Area Reference System
Ghana Cedi
Sri Lanka Rupee
South Africa Rand
Kilogram Per Liter Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+2
Bravo Time Zone
Afghanistan Afghani
GMT-2
BET
Brazil Eastern Time
Australian Central Standard Time
Shaft Horsepower Measurement Unit
shp
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-11
X-ray Time Zone
Singapore Dollar
Guyana Dollar
Pound Force Measurement Unit
lbf
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+0
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
Milligram Measurement Unit
TT is an astronomical time standard that is a theoretical ideal designed to be free of the irregularities in Earth's rotation and is primarily used for time measurements of astronomical observations made from the surface of Earth. It was formerly called Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT), which was formulated to replace Ephemeris Time (ET).
Terrestrial Time
Swiss Franc
Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit
cm^3
ET is an astronomical time scale that was adopted as a standard in 1952 by the IAU but has since been superseded and is no longer actively used. ET is based on the ephemeris second, which was defined as a fraction of the tropical year for 1900 January 01 as calculated using Newcomb's 1895 tables of the Sun. ET was designed to avoid problems caused by variations in Earth's rotational period and was used for Solar System ephemeris calculations until being replaced by Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT) in 1979.
Ephemeris Time
Kilogram-Mole Measurement Unit
kg-mol
kilogram-mole
GMT+5
PLT
Pakistan Lahore Time
Dominican Peso
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-6
Sierra Time Zone
Quart Measurement Unit
Deciliter Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+1
Alpha Time Zone
Miles Per Second Measurement Unit
mi/s
Chinese Renminbi
Canadian Dollar
Kilometers Per Hour Measurement Unit
km/h
Gram-Mole Measurement Unit
g-mol
gram-mole
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+6
Foxtrot Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-10
Whiskey Time Zone
Kilogram Force Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Square Centimeter Measurement Unit
Kilopond Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit
Mile Measurement Unit
GMT+1
ECT
European Central Time
Colombian Peso
Universal Time 1 D
Liter Measurement Unit
Litre
Square Yard Measurement Unit
yd^2
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock Time System
24-Hour Clock
24-Hour Clock Time System
Military Time
Military Time System
Twenty-Four Hour Clock Time System
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for time keeping in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 Hours, indicated by the Hours passed since midnight, from 0 to 23.
GMT-9
AST
Alaska Standard Time
Rwanda Franc
Week Measurement Unit
Albania Lek
Year Measurement Unit
Centiliter Measurement Unit
Mike Time Zone is the same local time as Yankee Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) ahead of Yankee Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+12
Mike Time Zone
CFP Franc
Malawi Kwacha
Czech Koruna
Volt Measurement Unit
Milliampere Measurement Unit
Indian Rupee
Binary Degree Measurement Unit
Binary Radian
Brad
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+11
Lima Time Zone
Bolivia Boliviano
Square Mile Measurement Unit
mi^2
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-4
Quebec Time Zone
Costa Rica Colon
Pound Per Second Measurement Unit
lb/s
Mauritius Rupee
TDB is a linear scaling of Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB) and is a relativistic coordinate time scale used in astronomy as a time standard that accounts for time dilation when calculating Orbits and Ephemerides of Astronomical Bodies and interplanetary Spacecraft in the Solar System. TDB is a successor of Ephemeris Time (ET) and is nearly equivalent to the time scale Teph used for DE405 planetary and lunar ephemerides generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Barycentric Dynamical Time
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit
Kilomole Measurement Unit
kilomole
kmol
Uzbekistan Sum
Namibia Dollar
Revolutions Per Day Measurement Unit
r/day
GMT-4
PRT
Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Time
GMT+10
AET
Australia Eastern Time
Kilometers Per Second Measurement Unit
km/s
Megahertz Measurement Unit
MHz
Square Centimeter Measurement Unit
cm^2
Cubic Millimeter Measurement Unit
mm^3
Euro
Atmosphere Measurement Unit
atm
Kilohertz Measurement Unit
kHz
GMT+4
NET
Near East Time
Kilogram Measurement Unit
Angstrom Measurement Unit
Angstrom
Ångström
Angolan Kwanza
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+9
India Time Zone
Macao Pataca
Algerian Dinar
One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10^23 elementary entities.
Mole Measurement Unit
Bangladesh Taka
Surinamese Dollar
Square Kilometer Measurement Unit
km^2
Peru Nuevo Sol
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-7
Tango Time Zone
Radian Measurement Unit
Bulgarian Lev
Universal Time 1 A
Lebanese Pound
Kilonewton Measurement Unit
Yard Measurement Unit
yrd
Sone Measurement Unit
sone
Square Meter Measurement Unit
m^2
Kuwaiti Dinar
Fiji Dollar
Kiloliter Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+5
Echo Time Zone
Tanzania Shilling
Decibel Isotropic Measurement Unit
Decibels Relative to an Isotropic Reference Antenna
Hungary Forint
Newton Meter Measurement Unit
Uruguay Peso
Universal Time 1 F
Lesotho Loti
Brunei Dollar
Belarussian Ruble
Tonga Pa anga
Meters Per Second Measurement Unit
m/s
South Sudanese Pound
Mexican Peso
Laos Kip
Liberian Dollar
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-2
Oscar Time Zone
Nicaragua Cordoba Oro
Madagascar Malagasy Ariary
Turkish Lira
Zambia Kwacha
Philippine Peso
Square Foot Measurement Unit
ft^2
Pint Measurement Unit
GMT-11
MIT
Midway Islands Time
Newton Measurement Unit
Mach Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+8
Hotel Time Zone
Kilogram Meter Per Second Measurement Unit
kg m/s
"TCG is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Earth but is outside the Earth's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Earth." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time)
Geocentric Coordinate Time
Cubic Meter Per Second Measurement Unit
Botswana Pula
Egyptian Pound
Hour Measurement Unit
GMT+7
VST
Vietnam Standard Time
Sudanese Pound
Second Measurement Unit
UTC is a variant of Universal Time that is calculated by combining Universal Time 1 with International Atomic Time by occasionally adding leap seconds to TAI in order to maintain UTC within 0.9 seconds of UT1. The difference between UTC and UT1 is called DUT1 and always has a value between -0.9 seconds and +0.9 seconds. Coordinated Universal Time is the current basis for civil time and is the reference time for time zones, whose local times are defined based on an offset from UTC.
Coordinated Universal Time
Meters Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
m/s/s
m/s^2
Tajikistan Somoni
Israel Shekel
GMT+12
NST
New Zealand Standard Time
Paraguay Guarani
Decimeter Measurement Unit
Short Ton Measurement Unit
Net Ton
ton (US)
Swaziland Lilangeni
Democratic Republic Of Congo Franc
Syrian Pound
UT1R is a variant of Universal Time that is a smoothed version of UT1 by filtering out periodic variations due to tidal waves.
Universal Time 1 R
Dyne Measurement Unit
dyn
The Julian Calendar was proposed by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman Calendar, took effect on 1 January 46 BC, and was the predominant Calendar System in Europe until being largely replaced by the Gregorian Calendar.
Julian Calendar
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years such that the average length of a Julian Year is 365.25 Days.
Cubic Foot Measurement Unit
ft^3
Gram Measurement Unit
GMT+6
BST
Bangladesh Standard Time
GMT-10
HST
Hawaii Standard Time
Pound Foot Measurement Unit
Samoa Tala
Pound Foot Second Square Measurement Unit
New Zealand Dollar
Pascal Measurement Unit
Calorie Measurement Unit
cal
Uganda Shilling
Cambodian Riel
Horsepower Measurement Unit
Decigram Measurement Unit
GMT-5
EST
Eastern Standard Time
IET
Indiana Eastern Standard Time
Watt Measurement Unit
Ounce Measurement Unit
Gram Per Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Cubic Meter Measurement Unit
GMT+2
EET
Eastern European Time
Day Measurement Unit
Kelvin Measurement Unit
Teaspoon Measurement Unit
Revolutions Per Minute Measurement Unit
r/min
rpm
CFA Franc
Milliliter Measurement Unit
Ukraine Hryvnia
Nepalese Rupee
Liter Per Second Measurement Unit
l/s
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-3
Papa Time Zone
The ITRS definition fulfills the following conditions: 1. It is geocentric, the center of mass being defined for the whole earth, including oceans and atmosphere. 2. The unit of length is the metre (SI). This scale is consistent with the TCG time coordinate for a geocentric local frame, in agreement with IAU and IUGG (1991) resolutions. This is obtained by appropriate relativistic modelling. 3. Its orientation was initially given by the BIH orientation at 1984.0. 4. The time evolution of the orientation is ensured by using a no-net-rotation condition with regards to horizontal tectonic motions over the whole earth. From: (https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/ITRS/ITRS.html)
International Terrestrial Reference System
Universal Transverse Mercator Reference System
Feet Per Second Measurement Unit
ft/s
World Geographic Reference System
Newton Second Per Kilogram Measurement Unit
Ns/kg
Poland Zloty
Bayre Measurement Unit
GMT+9
JST
Japan Standard Time
Cubic Inch Measurement Unit
in^3
TAI is a time standard the values of which are generated by calculating the weighted average of the measurements of more than 400 atomic clocks and is based on the International System of Units (SI) definition of one second equals the time it takes a Cesium-133 atom at the ground state to oscillate exactly 9,192,631,770 times. TAI is extremely precise, but does not perfectly synchronize with Earth times, which is why TAI and UT1 are both used to determine UTC. TAI serves as the main realization of TT.
International Atomic Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-8
Uniform Time Zone
Kazakhstan Tenge
Ethiopian Birr
North Korean Won
Swedish Krona
Kilogram Per Second Measurement Unit
GMT+11
SST
Solomon Standard Time
Kilometer Measurement Unit
Iran Standard Time
Iran Time
Guinean Franc
United Kingdom Pound
Miles Per Hour Measurement Unit
mi/h
mph
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-1
November Time Zone
Degree Measurement Unit
Argentine Peso
Degree Celsius Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-9
Victor Time Zone
Pound-Mole Measurement Unit
lb-mol
lbmol
pound-mole
Gradian Measurement Unit
Gon
Grad
Grade
Thai Baht
Gallon Measurement Unit
gal
Bar Measurement Unit
bar
Kilovolt Ampere Measurement Unit
kVA
Moldovan Leu
GMT-7
MST
Mountain Standard Time
PNT
Phoenix Standard Time
Gambian Dalasi
Nigeria Naira
United States Dollar
Solomon Island Dollar
Macedonian Denar
Pakistani Rupee
Armenian Dram
Romanian Leu
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+7
Golf Time Zone
UT0 is a variant of Universal Time that is measured by observing the diurnal motion of stars or extragalactic radio sources at a specific location on Earth. It does not take into consideration distorting factors, in particular polar motion, such that its value will differ based on the location it is measured at.
Universal Time 0
Twelve-Hour Clock Time System
12-Hour Clock
12-Hour Clock Time System
Twelve Hour Clock
Twelve Hour Clock Time System
Twelve-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for keeping the Time of Day in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into two intervals of 12 Hours each, where: the first interval begins at midnight, ends at noon, and is indicated by the suffix 'a.m.'; the second interval begins at noon, ends at midnight, and is indicated by the suffix 'p.m.'; and the midnight and noon Hours are numbered 12 with subsequent Hours numbered 1-11.
HongKong Dollar
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-12
Yankee Time Zone is the same local time as Mike Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) behind Mike Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Yankee Time Zone
Nautical Mile Measurement Unit
nmi
"WGS 84 is an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed terrestrial reference system and geodetic datum. WGS 84 is based on a consistent set of constants and model parameters that describe the Earth's size, shape, and gravity and geomagnetic fields. WGS 84 is the standard U.S. Department of Defense definition of a global reference system for geospatial information and is the reference system for the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is compatible with the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)." From: (http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2012/template/WGS_84.pdf)
World Geodetic System 1984
Seychelles Rupee
South Korean Won
Vanuatu Vatu
GMT-1
CAT
Central African Time
Bosnia And Herzegovina Convertible Mark
Phon Measurement Unit
phon
Nanometer Measurement Unit
Nanometre
Comoros Franc
Indonesia Rupiah
Myanmar Kyat
Kilogram Meter Square Measurement Unit
Millimeter Measurement Unit
Millibar Measurement Unit
mbar
Cubic Feet Per Second Measurement Unit
ft^3/s
Square Inch Measurement Unit
in^2
Knot Measurement Unit
Feet Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
ft/s/s
ft/s^2
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Coordinate System
Conventional Terrestrial Coordinate System
ECEF
ECR
Earth Centered Earth Fixed
Earth Centered Rotational Coordinate System
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed
Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed
A Geospatial and Cartesian Coordinate System that identifies positions using an x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis coordinate where the zero point is the center of the Earth, the z-Axis extends toward the North Pole but does not always coincide exactly with the Earth's Axis of Rotation, the x-Axis extends through the intersection of the Prime Meridian and the Equator, the y-Axis completes the right-handed system, and all three axes are fixed to the Earth such that they rotate along with the Earth.
Mongolia Tugrik
Tunisian Dinar
Gram Per Second Measurement Unit
g/s
Russian Rouble
Joule Measurement Unit
Iranian Rial
Cape Verde Escudo
Newton Second Measurement Unit
N s
Newton second
Trinidad and Tobago Dollar
Teph (the 'eph' is written as subscript) is an ephemeris time argument developed and calculated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and implemented in a series of numerically integrated Development Ephemerides (DE), including the currently used DE405. Teph is characterized as a relativistic coordinate time that is nearly equivalent to the IAU's definition of TCB, though Teph is not currently an IAU time standard. Teph is used by the JPL to generate the ephemerides it publishes to support spacecraft navigation and astronomy.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Ephemeris Time Argument
JPL Ephemeris Time
Turn Measurement Unit
Cycle
Full Circle
Revolution
This global main field model provides magnetic field values for any location on Earth, e.g. for navigational purposes (declination) or as a standard for core field subtraction for aeromagnetic surveys. An updated version is adopted by International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) every 5 years).
International Geomagnetic Reference Field
Alken, P., Thébault, E., Beggan, C.D. et al. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation. Earth Planets Space 73, 49 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01288-x , https://www.iaga-aiga.org/
GMT+8
CTT
China Taiwan Time
Mozambique Metical
Cubic Meter Measurement Unit
m^3
Decibel Measurement Unit
Georgian Lari
"Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB, from the French Temps-coordonnée barycentrique) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary spacecraft in the Solar system. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the barycenter of the Solar system: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Solar system but is outside the system's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Sun and the rest of the system." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time)
Barycentric Coordinate Time
Minute Measurement Unit
Sierra Leone Leone
Gigahertz Measurement Unit
GHz
Malaysia Ringgit
Azerbaijan Manat
Square Decimeter Measurement Unit
dm^2
Japanese Yen
The Gregorian Calendar was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII via papal bull on 24 February 1582 as a reform of the Julian Calendar to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes and solstices. The Gregorian Calendar is currently the most widely used civil Calendar System in the world and is 13 days ahead of the Julian Calendar Date.
Gregorian Calendar
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years except Years that are evenly divisible by 100 but not 400 such that there are 97 leap Years every 400 Years and the average length of a Gregorian Year is 365.2425 Days (365 Days 5 Hours 49 Minutes 12 Seconds).
Slug Foot Per Second Measurement Unit
slug ft/s
Metric Ton Measurement Unit
tonne
Inch Measurement Unit
Cubic Decimeter Measurement Unit
dm^3
St Helena Pound
Miles Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
mi/s/s
Gallon Per Minute Measurement Unit
gal/min
Kilopond Measurement Unit
Kilogram Force Measurement Unit
Kilogram-Force
kgf
Meter Measurement Unit
Burundi Franc
Second of Arc Measurement Unit
Arcsecond
arcsec
asec
Standard Cubic Centimeter Per Minute Measurement Unit
cm^3/min
Cubic Yard Measurement Unit
yrd^3
Sao Tome Principe Dobra
British Thermal Unit Measurement Unit
BTU
Btu
Turkmenistan Manat
GMT-6
CST
Central Standard Time
Unix Time is a Temporal Reference System for describing a point in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Thursday, 1 January 1970 minus the number of leap seconds that have taken place since then. (See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time)
Unix Time
Zulu Time Zone
Pounds Per Square Inch Measurement Unit
psi
UT2 is a variant of Universal Time that smooths UT1 by accounting for both polar motion and variations in Earth's rotation due to seasonal factors, such as changes in vegetation and water or snow distribution.
Universal Time 2
Centigram Measurement Unit
Kilometers Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
km/s/s
Long Ton Measurement Unit
Displacement Ton
Gross Ton
Imperial Ton
Weight Ton
ton (UK)
Morocco Dirham
Juliet time is used as an indexical to refer to local time without otherwise specifying the time zone.
Juliet Time Zone
GMT-3
AGT
Argentina Standard Time
Indian Standard Time
Sri Lanka Standard Time
Brazilian Real
GMT+3
EAT
Eastern African Time
Chilean Peso
Acre Measurement Unit
acre
Month Measurement Unit
Serbian Dinar
Quartic Meter Measurement Unit
Danish Krone
Dyne Second Measurement Unit
dyne s
dyne second
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-5
Romeo Time Zone
Square Millimeter Measurement Unit
mm^2
Foot Measurement Unit
Terahertz Measurement Unit
THz
UT1 is a derivation of UT0 that takes into account distortions caused by polar motion and is proportional to the rotation angle of the Earth with respect to distant quasars, specifically, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). UT1 is currently the most widely used variant of Universal Time and has the same value everywhere on Earth.
Universal Time 1
Astronomical Time
Croatia Kuna
Honduras Lempira
Kyrgyzstan Som
Guatemala Quetzal
Libyan Dinar
Bhutan Ngultrum
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+4
Delta Time Zone
Degree Fahrenheit Measurement Unit
Iceland Krona
Norwegian Krone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+10
Kilo Time Zone
Pound Measurement Unit
Volt Ampere Measurement Unit
Hertz Measurement Unit
cycles per second
Jamaican Dollar
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+3
Charlie Time Zone
Slug Per Second Measurement Unit
slug/s
Australian Dollar
third planet from the Sun in the Solar System
Earth
Sol
World Ocean
A specification of the genetic state of an organism, whether complete (defined over the whole genome) or incomplete (defined over a subset of the genome). Genotypes typically describe this genetic state as a diff between some variant component and a canonical reference.
As information artifacts, genotypes specify the state of a genome be defining a diff between some canonical reference and a variant or alternate sequence that replaces the corresponding portion of the reference. We can consider a genotype then as a collection of these reference and variant features, along with some rule for operating on them and resolve a final single sequence. This is valid ontologically because we commit only to sequence features being GDCs - which allows for their concretization in either biological or informational patterns. Accordingly, a particular gene allele, such as shh<tbx292>, can be part of a genome in a biological sense and part of a genotype in an informational sense. This idea underpins the 'genotype partonomy' at the core of the GENO model that decomposes a complete genotype into its more fundamental parts, including alleles and allele complements, as described in the comment above.
Core definition above adapted from the GA4GH VMC data model definition here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/12E8WbQlvfZWk5NrxwLytmympPby6vsv60RxCeD5wc1E/edit#heading=h.4e32jj4jtmsl (retrieved 2018-04-09). Note however that the VMC genotype concept likely is not intended to cover 'effective' and 'extrinsic' genotype concepts defined in GENO.
1. Scope of 'Genetic State': 'Genetic state' is considered quite broadly in GENO to describe two general kinds of 'states'. First, is traditional notion of 'allelic state' - defined as the complement of alleles present at a particular location or locations in a genome (i.e. across all homologous chromosomes containing this location). Here, a genotype can describe allelic state at a specific locus in a genome (an 'allelic genotype'), or describe the allelic state across the entire genome ('genomic genotype'). Second, this concept can also describe states of genomic features 'extrinsic' to their intrinsic sequence, such as the expression status of a gene as a result of being specifically targeted by experimental interventions such as RNAi, morpholinos, or CRISPRs. 2. Genotype Subtypes: In GENO, we use the term 'intrinsic' for genotypes describing variation in genomic sequence, and 'extrinsic' for genotypes describing variation in gene expression (e.g. resulting from the targeted experimental knock-down or over-expression of endogenous genes). We use the term 'effective genotype' to describe the total intrinsic and extrinsic variation in a cell or organism at the time a phenotypic assessment is performed. Two more precise conccepts are subsumed by the notion of an 'intrinsic genotype': (1) 'allelic genotypes', which specify allelic state at a single genomic location; and (2) 'genomic genotypes', which specify allelic state across an entire genome. In both cases, allelic state is typically specified in terms of a differential between a reference and a set of 1 or more known variant features. 3. The Genotype Partonomy: 'Genomic genotypes' describing sequence variation across an entire genome are 'decomposed' in GENO into a partonomy of more granular levels of variation. These levels are defined to be meaningful to biologists in their attempts to relate genetic variation to phenotypic features. They include 'genomic variation complement' (GVC), 'variant single locus complement' (VSLC), 'allele', 'haplotype', 'sequence alteration', and 'genomic background' classes. For example, the components of the zebrafish genotype "fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a>; fgf3<t24149/+>[AB]", described at zfin.org/ZDB-FISH-150901-9362, include the following elements: - GVC: fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a>; fgf3<t24149/+> (total intrinsic variation in the genome) - Genomic Background: AB (the reference against which the GVC is variant) - VSLC1: fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a> (homozygous complement of gene alleles at one known variant locus) - VSLC2: fgf3<t24149/+> (heterozygous complement of gene alleles at another known variant locus) - Allele 1: fgf8a<ti282a> (variant version of the fgf8a gene, present in two copies) - Allele 2: fgf3<t24149> (variant version of the fgf3 gene, present in one copy) - Allele 3: fgf3<+> (wild-type version of the fgf3 gene, present in one copy) - Sequence Alteration1: <ti282a> (the specific mutation within the fgf8a gene that makes it variant) - Sequence Alteration2: <t24149> (the specific mutation within the fgf3 gene that makes it variant) A graphical representation of this decomposition that maps each element to a visual depiction of the portion of a genome it denotes can be found here: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/GENO-ontology/blob/develop/README.md One reason that explicit representation of these levels is important is because it is at these levels that phenotypic features are annotated to genetic variations in different clinical and model organism databases For example, ZFIN typically annotates phenotypes to effective genotypes, MGI to intrinsic genotypes, Wormbase to variant alleles, and ClinVar to haplotypes and sequence alterations. The ability to decompose a genotype into representations at these levels allows us to "propagate phenotypes" up or down the partonomy (e.g. infer associations of phenotypes annotated to a genotype to its more granular levels of variation and the gene(s) affected). This helps to supporting integrated analysis of G2P data.
genotype
The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation.
The NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation is comprised of seven different species of ion, and fourteen different energies of H and He for 33 separate beams in a single GCRSim exposure. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/GCRSim.php)
The experiment was conducted at the NSRL
A particle accelerator beamline located at Brookhaven National Laboratory
A particle accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan
The experiment was conducted aboard the International Space Station
An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station that went operational in the year 2000.
The experiment was conducted on the Mir space station
An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station, operational from1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.
The biological payload was carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle
An instance of a reusable spacecraft designed to carry passengers and equipment into low Earth orbit and return to Earth. Operated by the United States and operational from 1981 to 2011.
The experiment was conducted aboard the Bion-MI satellite.
An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched April 19, 2013 and returned to Earth May 19, 2013
The samples were flown on the Foton-M4 satellite
An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched July 19, 2014 and returned to Earth September 1, 2014
The experiment was conducted on the Shenzhou-8 space station
An instance of a Chinese-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched October 31, 2011 and returned to Earth November 17, 2011.
The experiment was conducted in the US Laboratory on the ISS
An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the United States
The experiment was conducted on the Japanese Experiment Module
A Japanese science module for the International Space Station developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124.
The experiment was conducted on the Columbus module on the ISS
An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the European Space Agency.
The experiment was conducted in the Zvezda module of the ISS.
An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the Russian Space Agency.
The experiment was carried out at the SIS-18 accelerator.
An particle accelerator located at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germay.
The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation.
The NSRL SPE simulatoris based on the fluence of the August 1972 event, with an energy spectrum similar to the March 1989 event. The majority of the protons are at very low energies, below 1 MeV, and pose little to no risk to astronauts in a space craft or space suit. The SPESim begins with 50 MeV protons, which amounts to 91.66% of the total dose. Then the beam energy increments in steps of 10 MeV up to 150 MeV where 0.14% of the total dose is delivered.
The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation.
The NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation uses 6 beams and 5 different ions including protons at two different energies. https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/SimGCRSim.php
NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation
The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons at the KUR-HWNIF
A heavy water tank of approximately 2 m3 adjacent to the core of the Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR), a light-water moderated tank-type reactor.
Kyoto University Research Reactor-Heavy Water Neutron Irradiation Facility
The samples were irradiated with fast neutrons at the HIRRAC.
A neutron generator at the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University (RIRBM). Monoenergetic neutrons of which energy is less than 1.3 MeV are generated by the 7Li(p,n)7 Be reaction at proton energies up to 3 MeV.
Hiroshima University Radiobiological Research Accelerator
The Gamma Radiation Facility known as GRSF houses a cesium-137 gamma ray source which can provide gamma rays at a variety of dose rates. The gamma source is an industry standar dJ.L. Shepherd Mark I Model 68A 137Cs ? Irradiator. The photon energy from the source is 662 keV, with a Lineal Energy Transfer (LET) in water of approximately 0.8 keV/um. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/grsf/)
Brookhaven National Laboratory Gamma Radiation Source Facility
A specific instance of Faxitron CP160 x-ray source.
A specific instance of an X-Rad320 x-ray source.
A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
"A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST]
A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France.
"A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST]
A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.
"A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST]
"An electric current unit which is equal to the constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10^[-7] newton per meter of length." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST]
"A thermodynamic temperature unit which is equal to the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST]
"A substance unit which is equal to the amount of substance of a molecular system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST]
"A luminous intensity unit which equal to the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST]
A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m.
"A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m." [NIST:NIST]
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m.
"A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m." [NIST:NIST]
A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m.
"A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m." [NIST:NIST]
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m.
"A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m." [NIST:NIST]
A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m.
"A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m." [NIST:NIST]
"A length unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [NIST:NIST]
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg.
"A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg." [NIST:NIST]
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g.
"A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g." [UOC:GVG]
A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g.
"A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g." [UOC:GVG]
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g.
"A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g." [UOC:GVG]
A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g.
"A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g." [UOC:GVG]
"A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-15] g." [NIST:NIST]
A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K.
"A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K." [NIST:NIST]
"A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of a second or 10^[-3] s." [NIST:NIST]
"A time unit which is equal to one millionth of a second or 10^[-6] s." [NIST:NIST]
"A time unit which is equal to 10^[-12] s." [NIST:NIST]
A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds.
"A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes.
"A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A time unit which is equal to 24 hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A time unit which is equal to 7 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days.
"A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A time unit which is equal to 12 months which is science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days.
"A time unit which is equal to 12 months which in science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An electric current unit current which is equal to one thousandth of an ampere or 10^[-3] A." [UOC:GVG]
"An electric current unit current which is equal to one millionth of an ampere or 10^[-6] A." [UOC:GVG]
A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol.
"A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol." [NIST:NIST]
"A substance unit equal to a thousandth of a mol or 10^[-3] mol." [NIST:NIST]
A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol.
"A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol." [NIST:NIST]
"A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol." [NIST:NIST]
"A substance unit equal to 10^[-15] mol." [NIST:NIST]
"A substance unit equal to 10^[-18] mol." [NIST:NIST]
A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).
"A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L)." [UOC:GVG]
A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M.
"A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M." [UOC:GVG]
A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M.
"A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M." [UOC:GVG]
A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M.
"A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M." [UOC:GVG]
A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M.
"A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of a solution of 1 mole per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg)." [UOC:GVG]
"A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of a molal or 10^[-3] m." [UOC:GVG]
"A molality unit which is equal to one millionth of a molal or 10^[-6] m." [UOC:GVG]
"A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molal or 10^[-9] m." [UOC:GVG]
"A molality unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-15] M." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit of concentration which is one gram equivalent of a solute per liter of solution. A gram equivalent weight or equivalent is a measure of the reactive capacity of a given molecule." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An acceleration unit which is equal to the acceleration an object changing its velocity by 1meter/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST]
"An angular unit acceleration which is equal to the angular acceleration of an object changing its angular velocity by 1rad/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST]
"An angular unit velocity which is equal to about 9.54930 rpm (revolutions per minute)." [NIST:NIST]
"An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long." [NIST:NIST]
"An area unit which is equal to one ten thousandth of a square meter or 10^[-4] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST]
"An area unit which is equal to one millionth of a square meter or 10^[-6] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in cubic meters." [UOC:GVG]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in cubic centimeters." [UOC:GVG]
"A luminance unit which is equal to a luminous intensity of one candela radiating from a surface whose area is one square meter." [NIST:NIST]
"An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST]
"A molar mass unit which is equal to one kilogram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST]
"A molar mass unit which is equal to one gram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST]
"A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic meter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST]
"A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic centimeter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST]
"A momentum unit which is equal to the momentum of a one kilogram mass object with a speed of one meter per second." [NIST:NIST]
"A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second." [NIST:NIST]
"A specific volume unit which is equal to one cubic meter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST]
"A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 meter distance in one second." [NIST:NIST]
"A volume unit which is equal to the volume of a cube with edges one meter in length. One cubic meter equals to 1000 liters." [NIST:NIST]
A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml.
"A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml." [NIST:NIST]
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter.
"A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter." [NIST:NIST]
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter.
"A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter." [NIST:NIST]
A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L.
"A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L." [NIST:NIST]
A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L.
"A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L." [NIST:NIST]
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L.
"A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L." [NIST:NIST]
A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L.
"A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L." [NIST:NIST]
"A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-15] L." [NIST:NIST]
A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second.
"A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second." [NIST:NIST]
"A force unit which is equal to the force required to cause an acceleration of 1m/s2 of a mass of 1 Kg in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST]
"A pressure unit which is equal to the pressure or stress on a surface caused by a force of 1 newton spread over a surface of 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST]
"An energy unit which is equal to the energy required when a force of 1 newton moves an object 1 meter in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST]
"A power unit which is equal to the power used when work is done at the rate of 1 joule per second." [NIST:NIST]
"An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST]
"A luminous flux unit which is equal to the luminous flux emitted into 1 steradian by a point source of 1 candela." [NIST:NIST]
"A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the activity of a catalyst in moles per second, such as the amount of an enzyme needed to transform one mole of substrate per second." [NIST:NIST]
"A plane angle unit which is equal to the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle, approximately 57 degrees 17 minutes and 44.6 seconds." [NIST:NIST]
"A solid angle unit which is equal to the solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on the surface of the sphere that is equal to the radius squared." [NIST:NIST]
"An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second (dps)." [NIST:NIST]
"An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which there are 3.7 x 10^[10] atom disintegration per second (dps)." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"An absorbed dose unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST]
"An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An exposure unit which is equal to the amount of radiation required to liberate positive and negative charges of one electrostatic unit of charge in 1 cm^[3] of air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). This corresponds to the generation of approximately 2.0810^[9] ion pairs." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dose equivalent unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST]
"A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a sievert or 10^[-3] Sv." [NIST:NIST]
"A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one millionth of a sievert or 10^[-6] Sv." [NIST:NIST]
"A dose equivalent unit which when multiplied by hundred is equal to one sievert or 1 Sv. 1 Sv is equal to 100 rem." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one millionth of a gray or 10^[-6] Gy." [NIST:NIST]
"An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gray or 10^[-3] Gy." [NIST:NIST]
"An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a gray or 10^[-9] Gy." [NIST:NIST]
"A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a sievert or 10^[-9] Sv." [NIST:NIST]
"An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one thousandth of a curie or 10^[-3] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one millionth of a curie or 10^[-6] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per minute or there is one atom disintegration per minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the number of light emissions produced by ionizing radiation in one minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a second or 10^[-9] s." [NIST:NIST]
"A time unit which is equal to 100 years." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A time unit which represents the period over which the activity or concentration of a specified chemical or element falls to half its original activity or concentration." [MGED:MGED]
"An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 foot^[2]. One footcandle is equal to 10.76 lux." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An irradiance unit which is equal to 1 watt of radiant power incident per one square meter surface area." [NIST:NIST]
mole per second and square meter mol/sm^2
"An irradiance unit which is equal to one einstein per square meter per second. One einstein is one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A radiance unit which is equal to one watt of radiant power incident per steradian solid angle per one square meter projected area of the source, as viewed from the given direction." [NIST:NIST]
microeinstein per square metre per second
micromole per second and square meter mmol/sm^2
"An irradiance unit which is equal to one microeinstein per square meter per second or 10^[-6] microeinstein/sm^[2]." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
microeinstein per square meter per second
"A radiant intensity unit which is equal to one kilogram meter squared per second cubed per steradian." [NIST:NIST]
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
"A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture.
"A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture." [UOC:GVG]
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution.
"A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution." [UOC:GVG]
"A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 100 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG]
"A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG]
"A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[6]." [UOC:GVG]
"A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[9]." [UOC:GVG]
"A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[12]." [UOC:GVG]
"A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[15]." [UOC:GVG]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in milliliter." [UOC:GVG]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG]
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters.
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG]
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters.
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [Webmd:Webmd]
"A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one liter." [UOC:GVG]
"A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume (density)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1 micro mole of substrate per minute." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by one meter." [NIST:NIST]
"A plane angle unit which is equal to 1/360 of a full rotation or 1.7453310^[-2] rad." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless unit which denoted an irrational real number, approximately equal to 3.14159 which is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter in Euclidean geometry." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless count unit which denotes the number of molecules." [MGED:MGED]
"A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the homogeneity of a biomaterial." [MGED:MGED]
"A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the density of an attached or monolayer culture (e.g., cell culture)." [MGED:MGED]
A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius.
"A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+).
"A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A specific volume unit which is equal to one liter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST]
"A specific volume unit which is equal to a thousandth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-3] l/kg." [NIST:NIST]
"A specific volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-6] l/kg." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit of cell concentration which is equal to one cell in a volume of 1 milliliter." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline]
"A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one cubic meter." [NIST:NIST]
"A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST]
"A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one cubic meter of solution." [NIST:NIST]
A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution.
"A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution." [NIST:NIST]
A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters.
"A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOC:GVG]
"A volume unit which is equal to one tenth of a liter or 10^[-1] L." [NIST:NIST]
"A dimensionless count unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless count unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume.
"A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A colony forming unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in one milliliter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in one milliliter." [UOC:GVG]
"An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second." [ORCBS:ORCBS]
"An electric potential difference unit which is equal to the work per unit charge. One volt is the potential difference required to move one coulomb of charge between two points in a circuit while using one joule of energy." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An electrical charge unit which is equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second." [WordNet:WordNet]
"An independently to the base SI units defined mass unit which is equal to one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A mass unit which is equal to one thousand daltons." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An energy unit which is equal to the amount of electrical energy equivalent to a one-watt load drawing power for one hour." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An energy unit which is equal to 1,000 watt-hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A magnetic flux unit which is equal to the amount of flux that when linked with a single turn of wire for an interval of one second will induce an electromotive force of one volt." [ScienceLobby:ScienceLobby]
"A magnetic flux density unit which is equal to one weber per square meter." [WordNet:WordNet]
"A magnetic flux unit which is equal to 3600 Wb." [UOC:GVG]
"A magnetic flux unit which is equal to one thousand volt-hours." [UOC:GVG]
"An information unit which refers to a digit in the binary numeral system, which consists of base 2 digits (ie there are only 2 possible values: 0 or 1)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An information unit which is equal to 8 bits." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An information unit which is equal to 1000 bytes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An information unit which is equal to 1000 kB." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of spatial detail in an image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of contrast available in a pixel." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the printing resolution, in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A spatial resolution unit which is equal to a pixel size of one micrometer." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the resolution of a computer display, related to the size of the display in inches and the total number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the number of pixels in one millimeter length or width of a digital image divided by the physical length or width of a printed image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A count unit which contains one nucleotide." [UO:GVG]
"An information unit which is equal to 1024 B." [NIST:NIST]
"An information unit which is equal to 1024 KiB." [NIST:NIST]
"An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousandth of a volt or 10^[-3] V." [UOC:GVG]
"An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousand volts or 10^[3] V." [UOC:GVG]
"An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one millionth of a volt or 10^[-6] V." [UOC:GVG]
"An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one billionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG]
"An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one trillionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG]
"An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one million volts or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG]
"A surface tension unit which is equal to one newton per meter." [NIST:NIST]
"A surface tension unit which is equal to one dyne per centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A viscosity unit which is equal to one pascale per second." [NIST:NIST]
"A viscosity unit which is equal to one dyne second per square centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A ratio unit which is an indicator of sound power per unit area." [techtarget:techtarget]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An electrical conduction unit which is equal to A/V." [NIST:NIST]
"An heat conduction unit which is equal to one watt divided by meter kelvin." [NIST:NIST]
"A non-SI unit of energy (eV) defined as the energy acquired by a single unbound electron when it passes through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. An electronvolt is equal to 1.602 176 53(14) x 10^-19 J." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"The volt per meter is a unit of electric field strength equal to the a potential difference of 1 volt existing between two points that are 1 meter apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field]
"A dimensionless logarithmic unit assigned to a measure of absorbance of light through a partially absorbing substance, defined as -log10(I/I_0) where I = transmitted light and I_0 = incident light." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbance]
A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute.
"A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit of pressure equal to the amount of fluid pressure one millimeter deep in mercury at zero degrees centigrade on Earth." [url:en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mmHg]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG]
mcg/mL
µg/mL
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in millliters." [UOC:GVG]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one thousandth of a unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [UOC:GVG]
A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second.
"A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second." [UOC:GVG]
A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second.
"A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second." [UOC:GVG]
"An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in hectares." [UO:GVG]
A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar.
"A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar." [UO:GVG]
A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar.
"A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar." [UO:GVG]
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters.
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG]
"A dose unit which is equal to 1 milligram of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per kilogram body weight of the recipient subject." [UO:PC]
"A dose unit which is equal to 1 milligram of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per square meter of surface area of the recipient subject." [UO:PC]
"A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance administered over time to a recipient subject, expressed in terms of the size of the subject." [UO:PC]
"A dosage unit which is equal to 1 milligram per day of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per kilogram body weight of the recipient subject." [UO:PC]
"A derived unit which is a measure of relative light intensity, as typically measured by a luminometer, spectrophotometer, or fluorimeter in biological research applications." [UO:PC]
"A relative light unit which is a measure of relative luminescence intensity." [UO:PC]
"A relative light unit which is a measure of relative fluorescence intensity." [UO:PC]
"A frequency unit which is equal to one million hertz or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic mapping, distances between markers are determined by measuring the rate of meoitic recombination between them, which increases proportionately with the distance separating them. A cM is defined as the length of an interval in which there is a 1% probability of recombination. On the average, 1 cM is roughly equivalent to 1 megabase (Mb) of DNA, although this can vary widely due to hot and cold spots of recombination." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html]
"A unit of genetic map distance defined corresponding to an interval in which there is a 1% probability of X-irradiation induced breakage. To be completely specified, the unit must be qualified by the radiation in dosage in rads (e.g. cR8000), because this determines the actual breakage probability." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html]
"A unit equal to one million base pairs" [UOC:GVG]
"A unit equal to one billion base pairs." [UOC:GVG]
"An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 micrometer long." [NIST:NIST]
"An electrical conduction unit which is equal to one thousandth of a siemen or 10^[-3] siemens." [NIST:NIST]
"A specific concentration unit which is equal to 1 micromole in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST]
"A specific concentration unit which is equal to 1 micromole of a given substance per kilogram of solvent." [UOB:LKSR]
"A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 millimeter distance in one day." [UOB:LKSR]
"A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 kilometer distance in one hour." [NIST:NIST]
"A mass unit which is equal to 1/12 the mass of 12C" [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An area unit which is equal to an area of 10,000 square meters. Equivalent to 2.471 acres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 metres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 millimetres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 0.3048 metres, or 12 inches." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 0.9144 metres, or 3 feet." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 20.1168 metres, 66 feet, or 22 yards." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 20,116.8 metres, 660 feet, or 10 chains." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 1,609.344 metres, or 8 furlongs." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A length unit which is equal to 3 miles, or 4,828.032 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A maritime length unit is one used primarily at sea." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A maritime length unit which is equal to 6.08 feet, or 1.853184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A maritime length unit which is equal to 608 feet, 100 fathoms, or 185.3184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"A maritime length unit which is equal to 6,080 feet, 10 cables, or 1,853.184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia]
"An area unit which is equal to an area of 25.292,852,64 square meters, or 1 square rod." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 rod. This is equal to an area of 1,011.714,1056 square meters, or 40 square rods." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 chain. This is equal to an area of 4,046.856,4224 square meters, or 43,500 square feet." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 28.413,0625 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 142.065,3125 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 568.261,25 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 1,136.5225 millilitres, or two pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 4,546.09 millilitres, or 8 pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 64.798,91 milligrams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1.771,845,195,3125 grams, or 1/256 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 28.349,523,125 grams, or 1/16 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 453.592,37 grams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 6,350.293,18 grams, or 14 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 12.700,586,36 kilograms, or 28 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 50.802,345,44 kilograms, 112 pounds, or 8 stone." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1,016.046,9088 kilograms, or 2,240 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"An imperial gravitational unit which is equivalent to a mass that accelerates by 1ft/s² when a force of one pound (lbf) is exerted on it." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A metric teaspoon is a unit of measurement of volume widely used in cooking recipes and pharmaceutic prescriptions. It equals a 5mL volume." [Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaspoon]
"DEPRECATED: Duplicate of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000039. A substance unit which is equal to one millionth of a mole." [UOB:LTS]
"An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in grams divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in microliters." [UOB:LTS]
"A unit of energy widely used in nutrition, equivalent to the amount of heat needed to cause one kilogram of water to rise in temperature by one degree Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit of mass concentration defined as the number of micrograms of a substance per 250 ml Wheaton bottle." [UOB:LTS]
"An electric current unit current which is equal to one trillionth of an ampere or 10^[-12] A." [UOB:LTS]
"An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)" [NIST:NIST]
"A unit of energy that is equal to one thousand million electronvolts." []
"Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in GeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" []
"Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in MeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" []
"A derived unit equal to the energy deposited by ionizing radiation per micron of path length in matter" []
"A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one gray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST]
"A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one centigray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST]
"A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST]
"A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per day." [NIST:NIST]
"A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per hour." [NIST:NIST]
"A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second." [NIST:NIST]
"A length unit which is equal to one thousand meters." [UOB:LKSR]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR]
"A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR]
MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity'
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction'
If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this.
inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
effector input is compound function input
Input of effector is input of its parent MF
if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X
if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X
if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X
'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).
'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).