The Space Life Sciences Ontology is an application ontology and is intended to support the operation of NASA's Life Sciences Data Archive and other systems that contain space life science research data. Space Life Sciences Ontology 2025-12-11 Used to annotation axioms that define identity criteria for instances of a class. is_identity_criteria editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> iao IAO:0000112 true example of usage example of usage has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor term editor alternative label A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester iao IAO:0000700 true has ontology root term If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive Defines the label for the property as shown in NASA Life Sciences Portal Label in NLSP Defines the label for the property in ARC SLIMS database SLIMS Label Defines the label for the property in ARC SLIMS database Object property Defines the field label propery in NASA Life Sciences Portal NLSP field name taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:1000000 true has_rank Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Contributor Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Coverage Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Creator Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An account of the content of the resource. Description Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Format Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Resource Identifier Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Language Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An entity responsible for making the resource available Publisher Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A reference to a related resource. Relation Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 Information about rights held in and over the resource. Rights Management The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The topic of the content of the resource. Subject and Keywords Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A name given to the resource. Title Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Resource Type 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A summary of the content of the resource. Abstract Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security or other regulations. 2003-02-15 Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights This qualifier can include Title abbreviations as well as translations. 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Any form of the title used as a substitute or alternative to the formal title of the resource. Alternative A class of entity may be determined by the creator or the publisher or by a third party. 2001-05-21 2002-06-15 A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Audience 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. Available Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible, whether or not the citation is in a standard form. 2003-02-15 A bibliographic reference for the resource. Bibliographic Citation 2001-05-21 2002-06-15 A reference to an established standard to which the resource conforms. Conforms To 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date of creation of the resource. Created 2002-07-13 Date of acceptance of the resource (e.g. of thesis by university department, of article by journal, etc.). Date Accepted 2002-07-13 Date of a statement of copyright. Date Copyrighted 2002-07-13 Date of submission of the resource (e.g. thesis, articles, etc.). Date Submitted description 2002-07-13 A general statement describing the education or training context. Alternatively, a more specific statement of the location of the audience in terms of its progression through an education or training context. Audience Education Level 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The size or duration of the resource. Extent 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource pre-existed the referenced resource, which is essentially the same intellectual content presented in another format. Has Format 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource includes the referenced resource either physically or logically. Has Part 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource has a version, edition, or adaptation, namely, the referenced resource. Has Version 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is the same intellectual content of the referenced resource, but presented in another format. Is Format Of 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is a physical or logical part of the referenced resource. Is Part Of 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the referenced resource. Is Referenced By 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the referenced resource. Is Replaced By 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is required by the referenced resource, either physically or logically. Is Required By 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation of the referenced resource. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Is Version Of 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource. Issued Mark Miller 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z license The audiences for a resource are of two basic classes: (1) an ultimate beneficiary of the resource, and (2) frequently, an entity that mediates access to the resource. The mediator element refinement represents the second of these two classes. 2001-05-21 2002-07-13 A class of entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful. Mediator 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The material or physical carrier of the resource. Medium 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date on which the resource was changed. Modified 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource references, cites, or otherwise points to the referenced resource. References 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource supplants, displaces, or supersedes the referenced resource. Replaces 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource requires the referenced resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence of content. Requires 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resoure. Spatial 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A list of subunits of the content of the resource. Table Of Contents 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource. Temporal title 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. Valid created by database_cross_reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace id label label is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external source part_of part_of is part of part of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) PMID:15892874 has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 chebi_ontology external source has_part false has_part has part has part has_part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) 206-BFO BFO:0000054 Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process has realization realized in realized in realized in b has realization c =Def c realizes b As for realizes realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) 059-BFO Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart 250-BFO participates in (Elucidation) participates in holds between some b that is either a specifically dependent continuant or generically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region & some process p such that b participates in p some way Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 248-BFO BFO:0000057 has participant has participant p has participant c =Def c participates in p Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 258-BFO is concretized by c is concretized by b =Def b concretizes c Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 256-BFO concretizes b concretizes c =Def b is a process or a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & there is some time t such that c is the pattern or content which b shares at t with actual or potential copies Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by 213-BFO http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by preceded by b preceded by c =Def b precedes c The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. 270-BFO precedes precedes (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death. Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t. Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents. occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in 143-BFO Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process 252-BFO generically depends on g-depends on b generically depends on c =Def b is a generically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & at some time t there inheres in c a specifically dependent continuant which concretizes b at t Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 254-BFO is carrier of b is carrier of c =Def there is some time t such that c generically depends on b at t Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 118-BFO exists at (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000 230-BFO has member part b has member part c =Def c member part of b Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 202-BFO has occurrent part b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday 211-BFO has temporal part b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b Your life has temporal part the first year of your life 236-BFO location of b location of c =Def c located in b Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 244-BFO material basis of b material basis of c =Def c has material basis b Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 228-BFO member part of b member part of c =Def b is an object & c is a material entity & there is some time t such that b continuant part of c at t & there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, ..., xn (for some n ≠ 1) with b = xi (for some 1 <= i <= n) Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 003-BFO occurrent part of (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match 078-BFO temporal part of b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies) Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game 080-BFO temporally projects onto (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle 234-BFO located in b located in c =Def b is an independent continuant & c is an independent & neither is a spatial region & there is some time t such that the spatial region which b occupies at t is continuant part of the spatial region which c occupies at t Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 221-BFO continuant part of b continuant part of c =Def b and c are continuants & there is some time t such that b and c exist at t & b continuant part of c at t Milk teeth continuant part of human; surgically removed tumour continuant part of organism Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 271-BFO has continuant part b has continuant part c =Def c continuant part of b Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 267-BFO environs contains process b environs c =Def c occurs in b Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic 144-BFO history of (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c This life is the history of this organism 145-BFO has history b has history c =Def c history of b This organism has history this life 260-BFO specifically depended on by s-depended on by b specifically depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b Coloured object specifically depended on by colour 012-BFO specifically depends on s-depends on (Elucidation) specifically depends on is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c such that b and c share no parts in common & b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c A shape specifically depends on the shaped object; hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample specifically depends on each other The analogue of specifically depends on for occurrents is has participant. 053-BFO bearer of b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality 051-BFO inheres in b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity 132-BFO occupies temporal region p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 082-BFO occupies spatiotemporal region (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory 232-BFO occupies spatial region b occupies spatial region r =Def b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & r is a spatial region & there is some time t such that every continuant part of b occupies some continuant part of r at t and no continuant part of b occupies any spatial region that is not a continuant part of r at t Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 246-BFO spatially projects onto (Elucidation) spatially projects onto is a relation between some spatiotemporal region b and spatial region c such that at some time t, c is the spatial extent of b at t Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 242-BFO has material basis b has material basis c =Def b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer of b & there is some time t such that c is a continuant part of d at t & d has disposition b because c is a continuant part of d at t Users that require more sophisticated representations of time are encouraged to import a temporal extension of BFO-Core provided by the BFO development team. See documentation for guidance: <https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/profiles/temporal%20extensions> 268-BFO first instant of t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday 261-BFO has first instant t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31 269-BFO last instant of t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday 215-BFO has last instant t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31 A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities. This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen. has increased levels of Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. Consider ceding to RO 2018-11-03T20:58:13Z generates A relation between a material information bearer or material genetic sequence bearer and generically dependent continuant that carries information or sequence content that the bearer encodes materializes Shortcut relation expanding to bearer_of some (concretizes some . . . ), linking a material information bearer or sequence macromolecule to some ICE or GDC sequence. bears_concretization_of is_genotype_of A relationship that holds between a biological entity and some level of genetic variation present in its genome. This relation aims to be equally as broad/inclusive as RO:0002200 ! has_phenotype. The biological entity can be an organism, a group of organism that share common genotype, or organism-derived entities such as cell lines or biospecimens. The genotype can be any of the various flavors of genotypes/allelotypes defined in GENO (intrinsic genotype, extrinsic genotype, effective genotype), or any genetic variation component of a genotype including variant alleles or sequence alterations. has_genotype A relationship between an entity that carries a sequence (e.g. a sequence feature or collection), and the sequence it bears. has_sequence_component has_state VMC:state 'Sequence' in the context of GENO is an abstract entity representing an ordered collection of monomeric units as carried in a biological macromolecule. has_sequence is_sequence_of is_subject_of A relation used to describe a context or conditions that define and/or identify an entity. Used in Monarch Data to link associations to qualifying contexts (e.g. environments or developmental stages) where the association applies. For example, a qualifying environment represents a context where genotype-phenotype associations apply - where the environment is an identity criteria for the association. Used in GENO to describe physical context of materialized sequence features that represent identifying criteria for instances of qualified sequence features. has_qualifying_context has_qualifier A relation linking a qualified sequence feature to its component sequence feature. has_sequence_feature_component In GENO we define three levels of sequence artifacts: (1) biological sequences, (2) sequence features, and (3) qualified sequence features. The identify criteria for a 'biological sequence' include only its inherent sequence (the ordered string of units that comprise it). The identity criteria for a 'sequence feature' include its sequence and position (where it resides - i.e. its location based on how it maps to a reference or standard) The identity criteria for a 'qualified sequence feature' include its component sequence feature (defined by its sequence and position), and the material context of its bearer in a cell or organism. This context can include direct epigenetic modification, or being targeted by gene knockdown reagents such as morpholinos or RNAi, or being transiently overexpressed from a transgenic construct in a cell or organism. has_sequence_feature A relation linking a sequence feature to the location it occupies on some reference sequence. occupies has_location has measurement unit label has measurement unit label is about This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about is about A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically Denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r Consdier if this is the best relation for linking genotypes to the genomic entities they specify. We could use the more generic 'is about', or define a new 'specifies' relation that holds between ICEs and something it specifies the nature or creation of. person:Alan Ruttenberg Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan denotes denotes inverse of the relation 'denotes' Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Mike Conlon denoted by Mathias Brochhausen This is a primitive relation. This relation is the foundation to the owners right to have the owned entity at his/her full disposal. Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204. owns a is owned by b if b has complete power over a. All rights and obligations of ownership are grounded in this (primitive) relation. The claims and obligations of ownership can be partially transferred to a third party by the owner, b. Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204. is owned by is_supported_by_data The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process OBI OBI Philly 2011 workshop is_supported_by_data has specified input has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. The inverse property of is specified input of The inverse property of is specified input of The inverse property of is_specified_input_of 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has specified input has_specified_input has_specified_input is specified input of is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified input of is_specified_input_of has specified output has_specified_output has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. The inverse property of is specified output of The inverse property of is specified output of The inverse property of is_specified_output_of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has specified output has_specified_output has_specified_output is specified output of is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified output of is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by has value specification A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has value specification BFO relation takes precedence. We anticipate BFO 2.0 including and defining this relation. When it does, we will obsolete this property and declare it equivalent to the BFO 2.0 relation. is-aggregate-of true inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in inheres_in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes. A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of has function this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality has quality has role this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role RO:0000087 chebi_ontology has_role false false has_role has role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of derives from this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in located in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps true x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. life cycle stage of in taxon in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. FBbt has developmental precursor TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates (processual) p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates capable of mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in capable of part of true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by surrounds move to BFO? Allen Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporal relation temporally related to x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 develops in inverse of ends with ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. finished by ends with x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y ends with process that occurs in has end location p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces has output https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of anatomical entity Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. has habitat has habitat p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A relationship that holds via some environmental process evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in inverse of enables enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of regulates regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO is member of member of has member Example 1: a collection of sequences such as a genome being comprised of separate sequences of chromosomes Example 2: a collection of information entities such as a genotype being comprised of a background component and a variant component has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member has member inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of formed as result of A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y This relation has a stronger meaning than merely indicating that X may develop into Y, in that the capability of developing into Y is always present, even if X does not always actually develop into Y. In particular, this means that if Y is restricted to a given taxon T, X is necessarily likewise restricted. has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_positively_regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_negatively_regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. immediately causally upstream of p provides input for q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and there exists some c such that p has_output c and q has_input c. directly provides input for directly provides input for (process to process) provides input for https://wiki.geneontology.org/Provides_input_for transitive form of directly_provides_input_for This is a grouping relation that should probably not be used in annotation. Consider instead the child relation 'provides input for'. transitively provides input for (process to process) transitively provides input for p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. RO:0002434 in pairwise interaction with source interacts_with interacts_with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in true is kinase activity x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t immediate transformation of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. determined by part of causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_positively_regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_negatively_regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. produced by A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z realized in response to stimulus Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions. An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. triggered by process realized in response to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit triggered by process Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA. The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel. The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board. The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score. This pdf file generically depends on this server. A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*. [072-ISO] generically depends on Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information. This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy. This hard drive is carrier of these data items. *b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t* [072-ISO] is carrier of The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic This property only applies to anatomical entities. 2024-10-29T09:55:07Z is anatomical entity Operated by is the role of a a device in that an agent uses or controls. operates Operates is the role of a person which controls or uses a device in an agent role. operated by managedAt managed depicts depictedIn fundedBy funded implements implementedBy owned by owned by owns owns investigates investigatedBy Indcates the version of an object has version has version chebi_ontology has_parent_hydride false false has parent hydride chebi_ontology is_conjugate_acid_of true false is conjugate acid of chebi_ontology is_conjugate_base_of true false is conjugate base of chebi_ontology is_substituent_group_from false false is substituent group from chebi_ontology is_tautomer_of true is tautomer of source interacts_with_an_exposure_receptor_via interacts_with_an_exposure_receptor_via source interacts_with_an_exposure_stressor_via interacts_with_an_exposure stressor_via This object property has been mapped address This object property has been deprecated agent true This object property has been mapped email This object property has been mapped geo Used to support property parameters for the additional name data property has additional name To specify the components of the delivery address for the object has address To specify the busy time associated with the object. (Was called FBURL in RFC6350) has calendar busy To specify the calendar associated with the object. (Was called CALURI in RFC6350) has calendar link To specify the calendar user address to which a scheduling request be sent for the object. (Was called CALADRURI in RFC6350) has calendar request Used to support property parameters for the category data property has category Used to support property parameters for the country name data property has country name To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object has email Used to support property parameters for the formatted name data property has formatted name Used to support property parameters for the family name data property has family name To specify the sex or gender identity of the object. URIs are recommended to enable interoperable sex and gender codes to be used. has gender To specify information related to the global positioning of the object. May also be used as a property parameter. has geo Used to support property parameters for the given name data property has given name Used to support property parameters for the honorific prefix data property has honorific prefix Used to support property parameters for the honorific suffix data property has honorific suffix To specify the instant messaging and presence protocol communications with the object. (Was called IMPP in RFC6350) has messaging To specify a public key or authentication certificate associated with the object has key Used to support property parameters for the language data property has language Used to support property parameters for the locality data property has locality To specify a graphic image of a logo associated with the object has logo To include a member in the group this object represents. (This property can only be used by Group individuals) has member To specify the components of the name of the object has name Used to support property parameters for the nickname data property has nickname Used to support property parameters for the note data property has note Used to support property parameters for the organization name data property has organization name Used to support property parameters for the organization unit name data property has organization unit name To specify an image or photograph information that annotates some aspect of the object has photo Used to support property parameters for the postal code data property has postal code Used to support property parameters for the region data property has region To specify a relationship between another entity and the entity represented by this object has related Used to support property parameters for the role data property has role To specify a digital sound content information that annotates some aspect of the object has sound To identify the source of directory information of the object has source Used to support property parameters for the street address data property has street address To specify the telephone number for telephony communication with the object has telephone Used to support property parameters for the title data property has title To specify a value that represents a globally unique identifier corresponding to the object has uid To specify a uniform resource locator associated with the object has url Used to indicate the resource value of an object property that requires property parameters has value This object property has been mapped key This object property has been mapped logo This object property has been mapped name This object property has been mapped. Use the organization-name data property. organization This object property has been mapped photo This object property has been mapped sound This object property has been mapped telephone This object property has been mapped url The time needed to accelerate the vehicle from a given start velocity to a given target velocity.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): SEC for seconds<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for seconds/0..100 km/h or seconds/0..60 mph. Simply use "SEC" for seconds and indicate the velocities in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a>, or use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> with a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> of 0..60 mph or 0..100 km/h to specify the reference speeds.</li> </ul> accelerationTime The ACRISS Car Classification Code is a code used by many car rental companies, for classifying vehicles. ACRISS stands for Association of Car Rental Industry Systems and Standards. acrissCode Length of time to engage in the activity. activityDuration How often one should engage in the activity. activityFrequency Any additional component of the exercise prescription that may need to be articulated to the patient. This may include the order of exercises, the number of repetitions of movement, quantitative distance, progressions over time, etc. additionalVariable A route by which this drug may be administered, e.g. 'oral'. administrationRoute Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of alcohol while taking this drug. alcoholWarning The algorithm or rules to follow to compute the score. algorithm An available dosage strength for the drug. availableStrength Indicates the design and body style of the vehicle (e.g. station wagon, hatchback, etc.). bodyType Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use by breastfeeding mothers. breastfeedingWarning The available volume for cargo or luggage. For automobiles, this is usually the trunk volume.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, FTQ for cubic foot/feet<br/><br/> Note: You can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges. cargoVolume A data catalog which contains this dataset. catalog The name of a character played in some acting or performing role, i.e. in a PerformanceRole. characterName Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD). clincalPharmacology Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD). clinicalPharmacology An item within a data feed. Data feeds may have many elements. dataFeedElement A dataset contained in this catalog. dataset The range of temporal applicability of a dataset, e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 (in ISO 8601 time interval format). datasetTimeInterval The date of the first registration of the vehicle with the respective public authorities. dateVehicleFirstRegistered A downloadable form of this dataset, at a specific location, in a specific format. This property can be repeated if different variations are available. There is no expectation that different downloadable distributions must contain exactly equivalent information (see also <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Distribution">DCAT</a> on this point). Different distributions might include or exclude different subsets of the entire dataset, for example. distribution A dosage form in which this drug/supplement is available, e.g. 'tablet', 'suspension', 'injection'. dosageForm The drive wheel configuration, i.e. which roadwheels will receive torque from the vehicle's engine via the drivetrain. driveWheelConfiguration The class of drug this belongs to (e.g., statins). drugClass The CO2 emissions in g/km. When used in combination with a QuantitativeValue, put "g/km" into the unitText property of that value, since there is no UN/CEFACT Common Code for "g/km". emissionsCO2 Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of specific foods while taking this drug. foodWarning The capacity of the fuel tank or in the case of electric cars, the battery. If there are multiple components for storage, this should indicate the total of all storage of the same type.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, GLL of US gallons, GLI for UK / imperial gallons, AMH for ampere-hours (for electrical vehicles). fuelCapacity The amount of fuel consumed for traveling a particular distance or temporal duration with the given vehicle (e.g. liters per 100 km).<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for liters per 100 km. Use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/unitText">unitText</a> to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. L/100 km.</li> <li>Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelConsumption">fuelConsumption</a> (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelEfficiency">fuelEfficiency</a> (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal.</li> <li>Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> to link the value for the fuel consumption to another value.</li> </ul> fuelConsumption The distance traveled per unit of fuel used; most commonly miles per gallon (mpg) or kilometers per liter (km/L).<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for miles per gallon or kilometers per liter. Use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/unitText">unitText</a> to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. mpg or km/L.</li> <li>Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelConsumption">fuelConsumption</a> (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelEfficiency">fuelEfficiency</a> (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal.</li> <li>Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> to link the value for the fuel economy to another value.</li> </ul> fuelEfficiency A hospital with which the physician or office is affiliated. hospitalAffiliation A data catalog which contains this dataset (this property was previously 'catalog', preferred name is now 'includedInDataCatalog'). includedDataCatalog A data catalog which contains this dataset. includedInDataCatalog The insurance plans that cover this drug. includedInHealthInsurancePlan Quantitative measure gauging the degree of force involved in the exercise, for example, heartbeats per minute. May include the velocity of the movement. intensity Another drug that is known to interact with this drug in a way that impacts the effect of this drug or causes a risk to the patient. Note: disease interactions are typically captured as contraindications. interactingDrug True if the drug is available in a generic form (regardless of name). isAvailableGenerically A textual description of known damages, both repaired and unrepaired. knownVehicleDamages Link to the drug's label details. labelDetails Indicates the relationship type of a Web link. linkRelationship Indicates that the vehicle meets the respective emission standard. meetsEmissionStandard The total distance travelled by the particular vehicle since its initial production, as read from its odometer.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KMT for kilometers, SMI for statute miles mileageFromOdometer The release date of a vehicle model (often used to differentiate versions of the same make and model). modelDate A position played, performed or filled by a person or organization, as part of an organization. For example, an athlete in a SportsTeam might play in the position named 'Quarterback'. namedPosition The number or type of airbags in the vehicle. numberOfAirbags The number of axles.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfAxles The number of doors.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfDoors The total number of forward gears available for the transmission system of the vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfForwardGears The number of owners of the vehicle, including the current one.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfPreviousOwners A number associated with a role in an organization, for example, the number on an athlete's jersey. numberedPosition The vasculature the lymphatic structure originates, or afferents, from. originatesFrom Any information related to overdose on a drug, including signs or symptoms, treatments, contact information for emergency response. overdosage The permitted weight of passengers and cargo, EXCLUDING the weight of the empty vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: Many databases specify the permitted TOTAL weight instead, which is the sum of <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/weight">weight</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/payload">payload</a></li> <li>Note 2: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 3: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>.</li> <li>Note 4: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> payload Pregnancy category of this drug. pregnancyCategory Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use during pregnancy. pregnancyWarning Link to prescribing information for the drug. prescribingInfo Indicates the status of drug prescription, e.g. local catalogs classifications or whether the drug is available by prescription or over-the-counter, etc. prescriptionStatus Strength of the guideline's recommendation (e.g. 'class I'). recommendationStrength Any other drug related to this one, for example commonly-prescribed alternatives. relatedDrug Number of times one should repeat the activity. repetitions How often one should break from the activity. restPeriods A role played, performed or filled by a person or organization. For example, the team of creators for a comic book might fill the roles named 'inker', 'penciller', and 'letterer'; or an athlete in a SportsTeam might play in the position named 'Quarterback'. roleName The permitted total weight of cargo and installations (e.g. a roof rack) on top of the vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a></li> <li>Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> roofLoad The vasculature the lymphatic structure runs, or efferents, to. runsTo The RxCUI drug identifier from RXNORM. rxcui The number of persons that can be seated (e.g. in a vehicle), both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons seatingCapacity The speed range of the vehicle. If the vehicle is powered by an engine, the upper limit of the speed range (indicated by <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a>) should be the maximum speed achievable under regular conditions.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KMH for km/h, HM for mile per hour (0.447 04 m/s), KNT for knot<br/><br/> *Note 1: Use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate the range. Typically, the minimal value is zero. * Note 2: There are many different ways of measuring the speed range. You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> property. speed The position of the steering wheel or similar device (mostly for cars). steeringPosition Specifics about the observational study design (enumerated). studyDesign The type of tissue sample required for the test. tissueSample The permitted vertical load (TWR) of a trailer attached to the vehicle. Also referred to as Tongue Load Rating (TLR) or Vertical Load Rating (VLR).<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>.</li> <li>Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> tongueWeight The permitted weight of a trailer attached to the vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound * Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node. * Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>. * Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges. trailerWeight The variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue. variableMeasured Originally named <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/variablesMeasured">variablesMeasured</a>, the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/variableMeasured">variableMeasured</a> property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue. variablesMeasured A short text indicating the configuration of the vehicle, e.g. '5dr hatchback ST 2.5 MT 225 hp' or 'limited edition'. vehicleConfiguration Information about the engine or engines of the vehicle. vehicleEngine The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is a unique serial number used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles. vehicleIdentificationNumber The color or color combination of the interior of the vehicle. vehicleInteriorColor The type or material of the interior of the vehicle (e.g. synthetic fabric, leather, wood, etc.). While most interior types are characterized by the material used, an interior type can also be based on vehicle usage or target audience. vehicleInteriorType The release date of a vehicle model (often used to differentiate versions of the same make and model). vehicleModelDate The number of passengers that can be seated in the vehicle, both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons. vehicleSeatingCapacity Indicates whether the vehicle has been used for special purposes, like commercial rental, driving school, or as a taxi. The legislation in many countries requires this information to be revealed when offering a car for sale. vehicleSpecialUsage The type of component used for transmitting the power from a rotating power source to the wheels or other relevant component(s) ("gearbox" for cars). vehicleTransmission Any FDA or other warnings about the drug (text or URL). warning The permitted total weight of the loaded vehicle, including passengers and cargo and the weight of the empty vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>.</li> <li>Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> weightTotal The distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): CMT for centimeters, MTR for meters, INH for inches, FOT for foot/feet wheelbase Quantitative measure of the physiologic output of the exercise; also referred to as energy expenditure. workload has brother https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is successor of A continuant c2 is a successor of some continuant c1 iff there is some process p1 and c1 is an input to p1 and c2 is an output of p1. Inverse of is predecessor. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has grandfather https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has process part x has_process_part y iff x and y are instances of Process, such that y occurs during the temporal interval of x, and y either provides an input to x or receives an output of x, or both. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has object If p is a process and c is a continuant, then p has object c if and only if p is performed by an agent and c is part of the projected state that agent intends to achieve by performing p. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has inside instant For Temporal Interval t1 and Temporal Instant t2, t1 has inside instant t2 if and only if there exists Temporal Instants t3 and t4 that are part of t1 and non-identical with t2, such that t3 is before t2 and t4 is after t2. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology has mother https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has step sister https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has all members located in x has all members located in y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of independent continuant but not a spatial region, and every member of x is located in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is granddaughter of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has son in law https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has uncle https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is mother of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology agent in x agent_in y iff y is an instance of Process and x is an instance of Agent, such that x is causally active in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has paternal aunt https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has aunt https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has maternal uncle https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology coincides with An immaterial entity im1 coincides with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and im2 is a spatial part of im1. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be transitive and symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology has sister https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has half sister https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has subsidiary An Organization o1 has_subsidiary Organization o2 iff o1 controls o2 by having the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about o2's financial and operating policies. http://www.austlii.edu.au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s50aa.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has inside interval A Temporal Interval INT2 has inside interval some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before inst1, and inst2 is before inst4. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology tangential part of An immaterial entity im1 is a tangential part of some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and there exists some immaterial entity im3 such that im3 externally connects with im1 and im3 externally connects with im2. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be transitive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology partially overlaps with An immaterial entity im1 partially overlaps with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 overlaps with im2 and im1 is not a spatial part of im2 and im2 is not a spatial part of im1. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology is supervised by A person p1 is supervised by a person p2 by virtue of p1 being directed, managed, or overseen by p2. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supervise) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology role of aggregate x role_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Role, and x inheres_in_aggregate y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology prohibits x prohibits y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that some y must not occur. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be asymmetric and irreflexive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is subject of A primitive relationship between an instance of an Entity and an instance of an Information Content Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has husband https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is cause of x is_cause_of y iff x and y are instances of Occurrent, and y is a consequence of x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is spouse of Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org is disrupted by Inverse of disrupts. is disrupted by https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is first cousin of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is required by y is_required_by x at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y must occur. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be asymmetric and irreflexive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is about A primitive relationship between an Information Content Entity and some Entity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000136 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology inheres in aggregate x inheres_in_aggregate y iff x is an instance of Specifically Dependent Continuant and y is an instance of Object Aggregate and z is an instance of Object, such that z bearer_of x, and all other members of y are bearers of a unique instance of the same type as x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology connected with An immaterial entity im1 is connected with some immaterial entity im2 iff there exists some immaterial entity im3 that is common to both im1 and im2. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology is a ordinal measurement of x is_a_ordinal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale ordered by rank. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is grandson of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology interval finishes A Temporal Interval INT1 finishes some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst 1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, and inst3 is before inst1. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is subsidiary of An Organization o2 is_subsidiary_of Organization o1 iff o1 controls o2 by having the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about o2's financial and operating policies. http://www.austlii.edu.au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s50aa.html) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is output of x is_output_of y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the end of y is a necessary condition for the completion of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is prohibited by y is_prohibited_by y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y must not occur. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be asymmetric and irreflexive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is in-law of Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology caused by x caused_by y iff x and y are instances of Occurrent, and x is a consequence of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has granddaughter https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology interval finished by A Temporal Interval INT2 is finished by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst 1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, and inst3 is before inst1. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology interval equals A Temporal Interval INT1 is equal to some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1 and inst2 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2 and inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology has paternal uncle https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is excerpted from An Information Bearing Entity b1 is excerpted from another Information Bearing Entity B2 iff b1 is part of some Information Bearing Entity B1 that is carrier of some Information Content Entity C1, B2 is carrier of some Information Content Entity C2, C1 is not identical with C2, b1 is carrier of some Information Content Entity c1, b2 is an Information Bearing Entity that is part of B2 and b2 is carrier of c1 (i.e. the same Information Content Entity as borne by b1). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology interval overlaps A Temporal Interval INT1 overlaps some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst1 is before inst3, inst3 is before inst2, and inst2 is before inst4. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is sister-in-law of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology nontangential part of An immaterial entity im1 is a nontangential part of some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and there does not exist an immaterial entity im3 such that im3 externally connects with im1 and im3 externally connects with im2. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be transitive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology has sister in law https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology disposition of aggregate x disposition_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Disposition, and x inheres_in_aggregate y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has accomplice A Processual Entity p1 has_accomplice some agent a1 iff a1 assists in the commission of p1, is located at the location of p1, but is not agent_in p1. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accomplice&oldid=1002047204 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is subordinate role to For all x,y,t: y is subordinate role to x at t iff: x is an instance of Role at time t, and y is an instance of Role at time t, and there is some z such that x is realized by z and z is an instance of Process which creates, modifies, transfers, or eliminates some u such that u is a Process Regulation at time t, and u is addressed to the bearer of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has some member located in x has some member located in y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of independent continuant but not a spatial region, and at least one member of x is located in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has agent x has_agent y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y is causally active in x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology affects x affects y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Continuant, and x influences y in some manner, most often by producing a change in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is son of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology aggregate bearer of x aggregate_bearer_of y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Specifically Dependent Continuant and z is an instance of Object, such that z bearer of y, and all other members of x are bearers of a unique instance of the same type as y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology time zone identifier used by x time_zone_identifier_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that x designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology disconnected with An immaterial entity im1 is disconnected with some immaterial entity im2 iff there does not exist some immaterial entity im3 that is common to both im1 and im2. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology has son https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has grandmother https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is input of x is_input_of y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the beginning of y is a necessary condition for the start of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is child of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Comment is_paternal_first_cousin_of is not a symmetric relationship as is is_first_cousin_of is paternal first cousin of Person A is paternal first cousin of Person B iff Person B has father F and F has sibling P and P is parent of Person A. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has sender y has_sender x iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the initiator and encoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is site of x is_site_of y iff x is an instance of Site and y is an instance of Process, such that y occurs in x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is organizational context of x is_organizational_context_of y iff x is an instance of an Organization and y is an instance of a Role and z is an instance of a Person, such that z's affiliation with x is a prerequisite for z bearing y, or x ascribes y to the bearer of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology interval is after A TemporalInterval INT2 is after some TemporalInterval INT1 iff there exists TemporalInstants inst2, inst1 such that inst2 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst2 is after inst1. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is inside instant of For Temporal Instant t1 and Temporal Interval t2, t1 is inside instant of t2 if and only if there are Temporal Instants t3 and t4 non-identical to t1 and part of t2 such that t3 is before t1 and t4 is after t1. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is father in-law of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is grandparent of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is sister of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology accessory in y is_accessory_in x iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y assists another agent in the commission of x, and y was not located at the location of x when x occurred, and y was not an agent_in x. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_(legal_term) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is mother in-law of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has daughter in law https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has spatial part y has_spatial_part x iff x, y, z, and q are instances of Immaterial Entity, such that for any z connected with x, z is also connected with y, and q is connected with y but not connected with x. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology has niece https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is part of process x is_part_of_process y iff x and y are instances of Process, such that x occurs during the temporal interval of y, and x either provides an input to y or receives an output of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is daughter of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is delimited by An instance of Organization o1 is_delimited_by some Delimiting Domain dd1 iff dd1 is the area within which o1 can legally operate. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boundary_delimitation&oldid=1039137603 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is ancestor of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is material of An object m is material of an object o when m is the material of which o consists and that material does not undergo a change of kind during the creation of o https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology interval disjoint A Temporal Interval INT1 is disjoint with a Temporal Interval INT2 iff INT1 is before or meets INT2 OR INT2 is before or meets INT1. In other words, INT1 and INT2 are disjoint iff INT1 and INT2 do not overlap, contain, or equal one another. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology uses measurement unit y uses_measurement_unit x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology delimits An instance of Delimiting Domain dd1 delimits some Organization o1 iff dd1 is the area within which o1 can legally operate. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boundary_delimitation&oldid=1039137603 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has familial relationship to A relationship between persons by virtue of ancestry or legal union. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org is interest of The inverse of has_interest_in. is interest of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is daughter in-law of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is a nominal measurement of x is_a_nominal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x classifies y relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology interval during A Temporal Interval INT1 is during some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before inst1, and inst2 is before inst4. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology interval overlapped by A Temporal Interval INT2 is overlapped by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst1 is before inst3, inst3 is before inst2, and inst2 is before inst4. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology has wife https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is step-brother of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology See notes for inverse property. represented by y represented_by x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is temporal region of t is temporal region of p iff p occupies temporal region t. Leaving this is in ERO for now since BFO2020 has no inverse of occupies-temporal-region yet. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology interval started by A Temporal Interval INT2 is started by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the ending instant of INT2 and inst2 is before inst3. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is grandfather of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is a interval measurement of x is_a_interval_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale which has uniform intervals but has a zero value that does not correspond to an absence of the attribute being measured. a measurement of air temperature on the Celsius scale. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology designated by x designated_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that given some context, y uniquely distinguishes x from other entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology capability of aggregate x capability_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x inheres in aggregate y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is son in-law of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is grandmother of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is brother of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology condition described by c condition_described_by p iff p is an instance of a Performance Specification, and p has part d, and d is an instance of a Descriptive Information Content Entity, and p prescribes an entity s, and d describes c, and c is an entity that is causally relevant to s existing as prescribed by p. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has mother in law https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is affected by x is_affected_by y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, and y influences x in some manner, most often by producing a change in x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is wife of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org disrupts A relation where one process disrupts another process from occurring as it would have. To lower the grade of a process is to lower the quality of a process according to some standard, for example when realizing a capability or a function. disrupts A process can disrupt another process from occurring as it would have by 1) preventing a disposition or role from being realized by that process, 2) lowering the grade of the process, or 3) stopping the process from continuing to occur. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology capability of x capability_of y iff y is an instance of Agent and x is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x inheres in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has step brother https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has brother in law https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is paternal grandfather of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology instant is after A temporal instant t2 (a instance of a zero-dimensional temporal region) is after another temporal instant t1 iff there exists some instance of a temporal interval ti1 such that t1 is the starting instant of ti1 and t2 is the ending instant of ti1. 'instant is after' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant t2 is after some temporal instant t1 if and only if t1 precedes t2. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology has paternal first cousin https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology accomplice in An agent a1 is accomplice_in some Processual Entity p1 iff a1 assists in the commission of p1, is located at the location of p1, but is not agent_in p1. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accomplice&oldid=1002047204 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology interval meets A Temporal Interval INT1 meets some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists some Temporal Instant inst1 such that inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst1 is the starting instant of INT2. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is maternal grandmother of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology aggregate has capability x aggregate_has_capability y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x is aggregate bearer of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology language used in x language_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Language, such that the literal value of y is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is geospatial coordinate reference system of x is_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology aggregate has role x aggregate_has_role y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Role, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is sibling of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is maternal grandfather of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is measured by y is_measured_by x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to some scale or classification scheme. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is half-brother of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Comment is_maternal_first_cousin_of is not a symmetric relationship as is is_first_cousin_of is maternal first cousin of Person A is maternal first cousin of Person B iff Person B has mother M and M has sibling P and P is parent of Person A. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology aggregate has quality x aggregate_has_quality y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Quality, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology uses time zone identifier x uses_time_zone_identifier y iff x is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that y designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has tangential part x has_tangential_part y iff x, y, and z are instances of Immaterial Entity, and x has_spatial_part y, such that z externally connects with both x and y. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be transitive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology permits x permits y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y may occur. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be asymmetric and irreflexive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is paternal grandmother of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology uses reference system y uses_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology uses geospatial coordinate reference system y uses_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is measured by nominal y is_measured_by_nominal x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x classifies y relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology interval met by A Temporal Interval INT2 is met by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exists some Temporal Instant inst1 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is the ending instant of INT1. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology designates x designates y iff x is an instance of an Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of an Entity, such that given some context, x uniquely distinguishes y from other entities. a URL designates the location of a Web Page on the internet a person's name designates that person a vehicle identification number designates some vehicle Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be functional. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology described by x described_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity, and x is an instance of Entity, such that y is about the characteristics by which y can be recognized or visualized. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology occurs at x occurs_at y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Site, such that x occurs in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology prescribed by x prescribed_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that y serves as a rule or guide for x if x is an Occurrent, or y serves as a model for x if x is a Continuant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has input y has_input x iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the beginning of y is a necessary condition for the start of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has recipient x has_recipient y iff y is an instance of Agent and x is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that y is the recipient and decoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology interval starts A Temporal Interval INT1 starts some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the ending instant of INT2 and inst2 is before inst3. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology interval contains A Temporal Interval INT2 contains some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before or identical to inst1, and inst2 is before or identical to inst4, but it is not the case that both inst3 is identical to inst1 and inst2 is identical to inst4. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is paternal uncle of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has half brother https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is predecessor of A continuant c1 is a predecessor of some continuant c2 iff there is some process p1 and c1 is an input to p1 and c2 is an output of p1. More informally, c1 is a predecessor of c2 iff c1 has been followed or replaced by c2. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is maternal uncle of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is second cousin of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology externally connects with An immaterial entity im1 externally connects with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 connects with im2 and im1 does not overlap with im2. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology is niece of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology process starts x process_starts y iff x and y are instances of processes, and x is_cause_of y, and i is an instance of a temporal instant, and r is an instant of a temporal interval, and y has starting instance i, and x occurs on r, and r interval contains i. A process x starts another process y when x causes y while x is still occurring. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has maternal first cousin https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has father in law https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is object of If p is a process and c is a continuant, then c is object of p if and only if the c is part of the projected state that the agent intends to achieve by performing p. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has paternal grandmother https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Isomorphism between the carrier of x and the represented entity can be via a direct similarity relation, e.g., grooves in a vinyl record corresponding to sound waves, or linguistic convention, e.g., a court stenographer's transcription of spoken words, as well as others, such as encoding processes for images. represents x represents y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be functional. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. The relationship that is being defined here is that between the content of a photographic image and its object, between the content of a video and its objects and events, between the content of an audio recording and the sounds or events generating those sounds, or between the content of a written transcript and the verbal event that it transcribes. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is affiliated with x is_affiliated_with y iff x and y are instances of Agent, such that they have any kind of social or business relationship. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology interval is before A TemporalInterval INT1 is before some TemporalInterval INT2 iff there exists TemporalInstants inst1, inst2 such that inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst2 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is before inst2. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is maternal aunt of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology prescribes x prescribes y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x serves as a rule or guide for y if y an Occurrent, or x serves as a model for y if y is a Continuant. A blueprint prescribes some artifact or facility by being a model for it. A professional code of conduct prescribes some realizations of a profession (role) by giving rules for how the bearer should act in those realizations. An operations plan prescribes an operation by enumerating the tasks that need to be performed in order to achieve the objectives of the operation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology supervises A person p1 supervises a person p2 by virtue of p1 directing, managing, or overseeing p2. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supervise https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology in the sense used here, spatial part of is elsewhere referred to as proper spatial part of spatial part of x spatial_part_of y iff x, y, z, and q are instances of Immaterial Entity, such that for any z connected with x, z is also connected with y, and q is connected with y but not connected with x. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology is grandchild of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has father https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology quality of aggregate x quality_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Quality, and x inheres_in_aggregate y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is half sister of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has accessory x has_accessory y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y assists another agent in the commission of x, and y was not located at the location of x when x occurred, and y was not an agent_in x. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_(legal_term) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is third cousin of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has subordinate role For all x,y,t: x has subordinate role y at t iff: x is an instance of Role at time t, and y is an instance of Role at time t, and there is some z such that x is realized by z and z is an instance of Process which creates, modifies, transfers, or eliminates some u such that u is a Process Regulation at time t, and u is addressed to the bearer of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is brother-in-law of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has parent https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has capability x has_capability y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x bearer of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is aunt of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology aggregate has disposition x aggregate_has_disposition y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Disposition, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is husband of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has maternal aunt https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology inhibits x inhibits y iff x and y are non-identical Processes, d is a Decrease of Realizable Entity, and x is_cause_of d, and r is a Realizable Entity, and d has_participant r, and r realized_in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has maternal grandmother https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is measurement unit of x is_measurement_unit_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology process started by x process_started_by y iff x and y are instances of processes, and x is caused_by y, and i is an instance of a temporal instant, and r is an instant of a temporal interval, and x has starting instance i, and y occurs on r, and r interval contains i. A process x is started by another process y when y causes x while y is still occurring. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology is measured by ordinal y is_measured_by_ordinal x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale ordered by rank. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is measured by interval y is_measured_by_interval x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale which has uniform intervals but has a zero value that does not correspond to an absence of the attribute being measured. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is measured by ratio y is_measured_by_ratio x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology This object property, as well as all of its children are typified as functional properties. This means that for instances x, y, and z if x is a measurement of y and x is a measurement of z, then y = z. is a measurement of x is_a_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to some scale or classification scheme. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be functional. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is nephew of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is descendent of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has nephew https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology inhibited by y inhibited_by x iff x and y are non-identical Processes, d is a Decrease of Realizable Entity, and x is_cause_of d, and r is a Realizable Entity, and d has_participant r, and r realized_in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology interval contained by A Temporal Interval INT1 is contained by some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before or identical to inst1, inst2 is before or identical to inst4, and it is not the case that both inst3 is identical to inst1 and inst2 is identical to inst4. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology has paternal grandfather https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has maternal grandfather https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology requires x requires y at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that some y must occur. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be asymmetric and irreflexive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is half-sibling of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology uses language x uses_language y iff x is an instance of an Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of a Language such that the literal value of x is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has affiliate x is_affiliated_with y iff x and y are instances of Agent, such that they have any kind of social or business relationship. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology receives x receives y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the recipient and decoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is step-sister of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology describes condition p describes_condition c iff p is an instance of a Performance Specification, and p has part d, and d is an instance of a Descriptive Information Content Entity, and p prescribes an entity s, and d describes c, and c is an entity that is causally relevant to s existing as prescribed by p. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has grandson https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology It is possible that this relation should be a functional property, that is for all x, y, z if x describes y and x describes z then y = z. For example, if a financial report x describes the quarterly results of a company y and that same financial report describes the quarterly results of a company z, then it should be inferred that companies y and z are the same. We refrained from classifying the relation as a functional property on the concern that descriptions are multifaceted and so consequently it may be that the same report would contain descriptions of multiple entities. describes x describes y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, such that x is about the characteristics by which y can be recognized or visualized. the content of a newspaper article describes some current event the content of a visitor's log describes some facility visit the content of an accident report describes some accident https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is a ratio measurement of x is_a_ratio_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org has interest in A relation between an entity and some process where the entity has an interest in that process. This term is meant to be weakly normative. The only sense in which the process is of positive normative value is that it's prescribed by the entity, or historically of evolutionary benefit to the entity's ancestors, or facilitates a process the entity has an interest in for the prior two reasons. The process an entity has an interest could in many or all ways be harmful to the entity. has interest in There are four conditions in which an entity has an interest in some process. 1) Biological Condition: If a part (including improper part) of an organism has a function, then that organism has an interest in the realization of that function. 2) Artifactual Condition: If a part (including improper part) of an artifact has a function, then some agent or group of agents, at some time, has an interest in the realization of that function. 3) Prescription Condition: If an agent or group of agents has a plan, then it has an interest in the realization of all the processes and process-combinations prescribed by that plan. 4) Facilitation Condition: If (a) x has an interest in the realization of a disposition y, and (b) the realization of a disposition z facilitates the realization of disposition y, then (c) x has an interest in the realization of disposition z, and by 'facilitates' we mean that the occurrence of a process w, which realizes realization of z is either (1) required for y, to realize or (2) would contribute positively to the grade of, y's realization. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is father of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has output y has_output x iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the end of y is a necessary condition for the completion of y. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IPO_model&oldid=1024398398 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has daughter https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is uncle of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology has nontangential part x has_nontangential_part y iff x and y are instances of Immaterial Entity, and x has_spatial_part y, such that there does not exist another instance of an Immaterial Entity which externally connects with both x and y. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be transitive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: 1992, "A spatial logic based on regions and connection," Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165-176. Available at: https://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_rcc.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology instant is before A temporal instant t1 (a instance of a zero-dimensional temporal region) is before another temporal instant t2 iff there exists some instance of a temporal interval ti1 such that t1 is the starting instant of ti1 and t2 is the ending instant of ti1. 'instant is before' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant t1 is before some temporal instant t2 if and only if t1 precedes t2. J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology is made of An object o is made of an object m when m is the material that o consists of and that material does not undergo a change of kind during the creation of o https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ExtendedRelationOntology has organizational context x has_organizational_context y iff y is an instance of an Organization and x is an instance of a Role and z is an instance of a Person, such that z's affiliation with y is a prerequisite for z bearing x or y ascribes x to the bearer of x. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology sends x sends y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the initiator and encoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is paternal aunt of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is parent of https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is step-sibling of Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be symmetric. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology is reference system of x is_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology is permitted by y is_permitted_by x at t iff: x is an instance of Process Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Process at time t, and x prescribes that y may occur. Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be asymmetric and irreflexive. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Property linking a biological sequence to a string representing the ordered units that comprise the sequence (e.g. 'atgcagctagctaccgtcgatcg'). has_string Describes the number of members in some set. has_count In GENO, this is used to describe things like the number of sequence features comprising a 'sequence feature set', the number of sequences in a 'biological sequence set', or the number of functional sequences defining a particular 'functional copy number complement'. has_member_count has specified numeric value A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it. A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has specified numeric value has specified value A relation between a value specification and a literal. This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject. OBI has specified value This alphanumeric string is generated at data acquisition, and is used to uniquely identify the dataset. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Catalog dataset_catalog dataset catalog id This alphanumeric string is generated at data acquisition, and is used to uniquely identify the dataset. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO ALSDA subject ID: Unique numeric identifier of a group to which the subject belongs. Examples of subject groups (Flight/Ground Control/Basal) NASA Life Sciences Portal From Subject Number ALSDA Subject ID subject_id subject id ALSDA subject ID: Unique numeric identifier of a group to which the subject belongs. Examples of subject groups (Flight/Ground Control/Basal) https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO The UID assigned by NBISC and used in the Ames Life Science Data Archive NASA Life Sciences Portal Bio ID ALSDA Biospecimen ID bio_id bio ID The UID assigned by NBISC and used in the Ames Life Science Data Archive https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Original document number assigned by the JSC or ARC project, mission level offices, or headquarters level offices. For publication citations only, this is a number generated by the SQL database. NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Number document_number document number Original document number assigned by the JSC or ARC project, mission level offices, or headquarters level offices. For publication citations only, this is a number generated by the SQL database. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. NASA Life Sciences Portal Biospecimen Category Biospecimen Category category biospecimen category Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. equivalent or subproperty of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000467 Date when data are released (usually by the PI) to the archive, or released to go on the public Website. NASA Life Sciences Portal Release Date release_date release date Date when data are released (usually by the PI) to the archive, or released to go on the public Website. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Magnitude of the temporal extent between the start of mission operations and the end of mission operations NASA Life Sciences Portal Duration duration duration Magnitude of the temporal extent between the start of mission operations and the end of mission operations Specified from the definition of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001309 A short title assigned to the study NASA Life Sciences Portal Alternate Experiment Name(s) experiment_alias alternate experiment name A short title assigned to the study https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal keyword This value denotes whether a dataset is available for download on the public site. Datasets are either available for download on-line, or available off-line in hardcopy form. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Availability dataset availability Available; Availability dataset availability This value denotes whether a dataset is available for download on the public site. Datasets are either available for download on-line, or available off-line in hardcopy form. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO The family name associated with the object NASA Life Sciences Portal Last Name lname last name The family name associated with the object owl:equivalentProperty IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#family-name Phylogenetic classification of the subject or biospecimen host. Examples include: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus NASA Life Sciences Portal Subject Science Name Type subject_sci_name Taxon Phylogenetic classification of the subject or biospecimen host. Examples include: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO A textual entity refers to a taxon or organism that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. NASA Life Sciences Portal Subject Species Common name subject_species Common name A textual entity refers to a taxon or organism that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0003074 Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. cf IAO:0000305 document title as a class NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Title document_title document title Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. cf IAO:0000305 document title as a class equiv to http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title Experimental group that a subject belongs to (fixed choice: F, B, GC, V, etc.) NASA Life Sciences Portal Session Type Experimental Group session_type session type Experimental group that a subject belongs to (fixed choice: F, B, GC, V, etc.) https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal hardware_description hardware description Identifier for NASA's research announcements or other "calls for proposals" (i.e. AO, NRA, etc.) soliciting the experiment NASA Life Sciences Portal Proposal Source proposal_source proposal source Identifier for NASA's research announcements or other "calls for proposals" (i.e. AO, NRA, etc.) soliciting the experiment https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Mission ID mission_id mission id This field refers to the NASA classification of the experiment, in terms of the type of research project it originated from and/or is currently under (i.e AG, LSAH, CEVP), the type of payload or experiment it is, and/or the type of program it is related to. NASA Life Sciences Portal Experiment Type experiment_type_lk experiment type This field refers to the NASA classification of the experiment, in terms of the type of research project it originated from and/or is currently under (i.e AG, LSAH, CEVP), the type of payload or experiment it is, and/or the type of program it is related to. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal duration range duration_range durationRange The unique identifier assigned to each study NASA Life Sciences Portal Experiment ID experiment_id experiment id The unique identifier assigned to each study http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier The given name associated with the object NASA Life Sciences Portal First Name fname first name The given name associated with the object http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#given-name A textual entity that specifies characteristics of some entity. cf. apollosv:00000476 NASA Life Sciences Portal description NASA Life Sciences Portal image id Indicates the material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole NASA Life Sciences Portal Biospecimen Name Type bio_name biospecimen name Indicates the material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000671 A human-readable version of this object synonymous with rdfs:label as applied to institution NASA Life Sciences Portal institution name A human-readable version of this object rdfs label (see https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_label) An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. cf. ExO:0000102 sex NASA Life Sciences Portal Sex Sex sex sex An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. cf. ExO:0000102 sex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001894 NASA Life Sciences Portal Launch Date land_date launch date NASA Life Sciences Portal per_id NASA Life Sciences Portal payload_title payload title The official name given to a study - usually the same name used when responding to a solicitation Experiment Title experiment_title experiment title The official name given to a study - usually the same name used when responding to a solicitation http://purl.org/dc/terms/title NASA Life Sciences Portal Land Date launch_date land date NASA Life Sciences Portal NASA Center Code nasa_center_code nasa center code An account of the content of the resource. NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Description document_description document description An account of the content of the resource. equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The proposed and/or actual start date of the experiment. NASA Life Sciences Portal Proposal Date proposal_date proposal date NASA Life Sciences Portal component name NASA Life Sciences Portal configuration description NASA Life Sciences Portal Hardware Type hardware_type hardware type The city or town associated with the address of the object. cf. vcard:locality NASA Life Sciences Portal city The city or town associated with the address of the object. cf. vcard:locality owl:equivalentProperty http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#locality The particular arrangement or pattern of a group of related things NASA Life Sciences Portal config_name configuration name The particular arrangement or pattern of a group of related things rdfs label (see https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_label) owl:equivalentProperty http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C91820 NASA Life Sciences Portal file thumbnail owl:equivalentProperty http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C91820 A small image that is representative of a larger image file. The name (or part of a name) of a file (of any type) NASA Life Sciences Portal File Name file_name file name The name (or part of a name) of a file (of any type) owl:equivalentProperty http://edamontology.org/data_1050 These are the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms assigned by LSDA archivists to the experiment. NASA Life Sciences Portal Keywords keywords keywords These are the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms assigned by LSDA archivists to the experiment. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Middle Name mname middle name Programmatic, or data acquisition or data quality information regarding this dataset. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Review dataset_review review Programmatic, or data acquisition or data quality information regarding this dataset. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Tissue Medium tissue_medium tissue medium A device used to preserve and store specimen (fixed choice: 2ml cryotube, etc.). NASA Life Sciences Portal Container Size Container size container_size container size A device used to preserve and store specimen (fixed choice: 2ml cryotube, etc.). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002088 NASA center of the biospecimen NASA Life Sciences Portal Biospecimen Center center_data_entered biospecimen center Date of euthanasia for animals. Can be the same day as dissection. Date of sample harvest for other type of experiments. . NASA Life Sciences Portal Collection Day Date of euthanasia or sample collection CollectionDayDisplay collection day Date of euthanasia for animals. Can be the same day as dissection. Date of sample harvest for other type of experiments. . ttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002471 NASA Life Sciences Portal Component Image component image NASA Life Sciences Portal Component Image Size component image size Physical location where the data was collected NASA Life Sciences Portal Data Collection Site DataCollectionSite data collection site Physical location where the data was collected https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Protocol/Approach protocol_approach protocol approach An indicator of the extent to which data have been cleaned, normalized, enriched, abstracted, summarized, and/or integrated, defined in comparison to the initial format of the data and using the framework accepted by the relevant discipline or organization. NASA Life Sciences Portal Processing Level ProcessingLevel processing level The mechanical equipment component used. NASA Life Sciences Portal Hardware Name hardware_name hardware_name The mechanical equipment component used. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Describes the information, in terms of the group responsible for collecting and/or providing the data. NASA Life Sciences Portal Data Source DataSource data source Describes the information, in terms of the group responsible for collecting and/or providing the data. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO The physical or digital form in which the data are available. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Medium dataset_medium dataset medium The physical or digital form in which the data are available. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO An entity responsible for making the resource. NASA Life Sciences Portal creator creator creator An entity responsible for making the resource. equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator NASA center or other location where the document is archived; for hardcopy documents, this field also indicates where the document can be ordered NASA Life Sciences Portal location location (archive/request) NASA center or other location where the document is archived; for hardcopy documents, this field also indicates where the document can be ordered https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. NASA Life Sciences Portal Publication Date publication_date publication date Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/available NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Type type type Access restrictions for ordering/receiving the archived document. NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Availability document availability document availability Access restrictions for ordering/receiving the archived document. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal S3 File GUID __s3_file_guid s3 file GUID File name for document available for online. NASA Life Sciences Portal File name filename document filename File name for document available for online. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Defines the progress toward completion of archiving an experiment record, or other status information NASA Life Sciences Portal Data Preservation Status archive_status data preservation status Defines the progress toward completion of archiving an experiment record, or other status information https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Designates the NASA center assigned to preserving and curating an experiment's data and metadata. Note that It is not necessarily the same as the managing center. NASA Life Sciences Portal Archiving NASA Center nasa_center archiving NASA center Designates the NASA center assigned to preserving and curating an experiment's data and metadata. Note that It is not necessarily the same as the managing center. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Indicates the agency that is funding (sponsoring) the experiment. NASA Life Sciences Portal agency agency agency Indicates the agency that is funding (sponsoring) the experiment. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Discipline discipline discipline true Designates the research announcement (aka NRA) under which the study was funded. NASA Life Sciences Portal Task Solicitation task_solicitation task solicitation NASA Life Sciences Portal Species species species NASA Life Sciences Portal Parameter(s) parameter_html parameter NASA Life Sciences Portal Hardware Alias hardware_alias hardware alias NASA Life Sciences Portal Payload ID payload_id payload ID NASA Life Sciences Portal Image Description image_description image description NASA Life Sciences Portal S3 File GUID __s3_file_guid s3 file guid NASA Life Sciences Portal Image Name image_name image name NASA Life Sciences Portal File Type _file_extension file extension NASA Life Sciences Portal file type Provides general spatial information on the environment of the mission's activities. This includes vehicle namess, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit bout the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space, satellites, space-analog ground facilities NASA Life Sciences Portal Spacecraft/Location spacecraft spacecraft or location Provides general spatial information on the environment of the mission's activities. This includes vehicle namess, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit bout the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space, satellites, space-analog ground facilities https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO An organism that is bred to have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms NASA Life Sciences Portal strain Strain strain strain An organism that is bred to have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms ?http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001185 Duty center of the NASA representative NASA Life Sciences Portal center center center Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) NASA Life Sciences Portal animal id RFID animal id Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal group id group id NASA Life Sciences Portal supplier id supplier id The vendor of the animals. (eg. Jackson Laboratory, Charles River Laboratories). Or supplier of the plant/ cells. NASA Life Sciences Portal supplier name Subject supplier supplier name The vendor of the animals. (eg. Jackson Laboratory, Charles River Laboratories). Or supplier of the plant/ cells. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO A description of the subjects that were studied within the experiment NASA Life Sciences Portal subject description Subject description subject description A description of the subjects that were studied within the experiment https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Animal body weight at launch. Unit is a separate field. cf. This is a literal value, See pato:0000128 for quality class NASA Life Sciences Portal weight Body weight at launch weight weight Animal body weight at launch. Unit is a separate field. cf. This is a literal value, See pato:0000128 for quality class https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal subject index subject_index subject index NASA Life Sciences Portal ARC-SLIMS system name Indicates the center that is coordinating the implementation of the study. Managing NASA Center managing NASA center managing_nasa_center managing NASA center Indicates the center that is coordinating the implementation of the study. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO describes the function or purpose of the document, in the context of space life sciences data management. NASA Life Sciences Portal document type The additional name associated with the object additional name The date of marriage, or equivalent, of the object anniversary To specify the birth date of the object birth date The category information about the object, also known as tags category This data property has been deprecated class true The country name associated with the address of the object country name This data property has been deprecated extended address true The family name associated with the object family name The formatted text corresponding to the name of the object formatted name The given name associated with the object given name The honorific prefix of the name associated with the object honorific prefix The honorific suffix of the name associated with the object honorific suffix This data property has been deprecated label true To specify the language that may be used for contacting the object. May also be used as a property parameter. language This data property has been deprecated. See hasGeo latitude true The locality (e.g. city or town) associated with the address of the object locality This data property has been deprecated. See hasGeo longitude true This data property has been deprecated mailer true The nick name associated with the object nickname A note associated with the object note To specify the organizational name associated with the object organization name To specify the organizational unit name associated with the object organizational unit name This data property has been deprecated post office box true The postal code associated with the address of the object postal code To specify the identifier for the product that created the object product id The region (e.g. state or province) associated with the address of the object region To specify revision information about the object revision To specify the function or part played in a particular situation by the object role To specify the string to be used for national-language-specific sorting. Used as a property parameter only. sort as The street address associated with the address of the object street address To specify the position or job of the object title To indicate time zone information that is specific to the object. May also be used as a property parameter. time zone Used to indicate the literal value of a data property that requires property parameters value has longitude value A Data Property that has as its range the longitude value from some Geospatial Location coordinates set expressed in decimal degrees. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology has text value A data property that has as its range a string value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has latitude value A Data Property that has as its range the latitude value from some Geospatial Location coordinates set expressed in decimal degrees. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology has datetime value A data property that has as its value a datetime value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has URI value A data property that has as its range a URI value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has decimal value A data property that has as its range a decimal value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has double value A data property that has as its range a double value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has date value A data property that has as its range a date value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has boolean value A data property that has as its range a boolean value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology has integer value A data property that has as its range an integer value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology A planned process that has specified output a software product and that involves the creation of source code. Mathias Brochhausen William R. Hogan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development A planned process resulting in a software product involving the creation of source code. software development creating a data set A planned process that has a data set as its specified output. William R. Hogan data set creation dataset creation dataset creating entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) 001-BFO entity (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] 008-BFO continuant continuant (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] 077-BFO occurrent occurrent (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] 017-BFO A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant independent continuant b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] 035-BFO spatial region (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region 100-BFO temporal region (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region 039-BFO two-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space 095-BFO spatiotemporal region (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite 'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region. process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] 083-BFO source BFO:0000015 An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process process event (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocitosis and exocitosis the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type [89 BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] 062-BFO disposition disposition internally-grounded realizable entity (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 058-BFO realizable entity realizable entity (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 037-BFO zero-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole quality Quality quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] 055-BFO quality quality (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant specifically dependent continuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] 050-BFO A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) b is a role means: b is a realizable entity and b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be and b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] 061-BFO role role externally-grounded realizable entity (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] 027-BFO fiat object fiat object part (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body 038-BFO one-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 025-BFO object aggregate (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank 'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts. The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 040-BFO three-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time 034-BFO site (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist 024-BFO object (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube A description of three primary sorts of causal unity is provided in Basic Formal Ontology 2.0. Specification and User Guide gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] 074-BFO A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. generically dependent continuant generically dependent continuant g-dependent continuant (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] 064-BFO function (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] 084-BFO process boundary p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life 103-BFO one-dimensional temporal region (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts The temporal region during which a process occurs material MaterialEntity material entity material entity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] 019-BFO material entity material entity (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] 029-BFO continuant fiat boundary (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface 028-BFO immaterial entity b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site 032-BFO fiat line (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin Process Profile An occurrent that is an occurrent part of some process by virtue of the rate, or pattern, or amplitude of change in an attribute of one or more participants of said process. On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels; One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.; The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology 057-BFO relational quality b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another 033-BFO fiat surface (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant 031-BFO fiat point (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system 102-BFO zero-dimensional temporal region (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) 138-BFO history (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) 155-BFO temporal interval (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks The year 2018. A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps. 209-BFO temporal instant (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part The millennium Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 0.0 KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron PMID:21614077 Europe PMC electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI -1 CH2NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 60.03212 60.00910 NC([O-])=O Beilstein:3903503 CAS:302-11-4 Gmelin:239604 carbamate chebi_ontology Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) CHEBI:13941 carbamate Beilstein:3903503 Beilstein CAS:302-11-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:239604 Gmelin carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus electron donor A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:13699 CHEBI:2377 KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur CHEBI:15339 acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI water The general name for the hydrogen nucleus, to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes). +1 H InChI=1S/p+1 GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.008 [H+] CHEBI:10744 CHEBI:13357 CHEBI:5584 KEGG:C00080 Hydron hydrogen(1+) hydron chebi_ontology H(+) H+ CHEBI:15378 hydron Hydron KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(1+) IUPAC hydron IUPAC H(+) UniProt H+ KEGG_COMPOUND Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen dioxygen A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n CHEBI:14860 CHEBI:8314 KEGG:C00403 Polypeptide polypeptides chebi_ontology Polypeptid polipeptido CHEBI:15841 polypeptide Polypeptide KEGG_COMPOUND polypeptides IUPAC Polypeptid ChEBI polipeptido ChEBI An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 0 H3N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 17.03056 17.02655 [H]N([H])[H] CHEBI:13405 CHEBI:13406 CHEBI:13407 CHEBI:13771 CHEBI:22533 CHEBI:44269 CHEBI:44284 CHEBI:44404 CHEBI:7434 CAS:7664-41-7 Drug_Central:4625 Gmelin:79 HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 PMID:110589 PMID:11139349 PMID:11540049 PMID:11746427 PMID:11783653 PMID:13753780 PMID:14663195 PMID:15092448 PMID:15094021 PMID:15554424 PMID:15969015 PMID:16008360 PMID:16050680 PMID:16348008 PMID:16349403 PMID:16614889 PMID:16664306 PMID:16842901 PMID:17025297 PMID:17439666 PMID:17569513 PMID:17737668 PMID:18670398 PMID:22002069 PMID:22081570 PMID:22088435 PMID:22100291 PMID:22130175 PMID:22150211 PMID:22240068 PMID:22290316 PMID:22342082 PMID:22385337 PMID:22443779 PMID:22560242 Reaxys:3587154 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane chebi_ontology Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn CHEBI:16134 ammonia CAS:7664-41-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-41-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-41-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4625 DrugCentral Gmelin:79 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:11139349 Europe PMC PMID:11540049 Europe PMC PMID:11746427 Europe PMC PMID:11783653 Europe PMC PMID:13753780 Europe PMC PMID:14663195 Europe PMC PMID:15092448 Europe PMC PMID:15094021 Europe PMC PMID:15554424 Europe PMC PMID:15969015 Europe PMC PMID:16008360 Europe PMC PMID:16050680 Europe PMC PMID:16348008 Europe PMC PMID:16349403 Europe PMC PMID:16614889 Europe PMC PMID:16664306 Europe PMC PMID:16842901 Europe PMC PMID:17025297 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17569513 Europe PMC PMID:17737668 Europe PMC PMID:18670398 Europe PMC PMID:22002069 Europe PMC PMID:22081570 Europe PMC PMID:22088435 Europe PMC PMID:22100291 Europe PMC PMID:22130175 Europe PMC PMID:22150211 Europe PMC PMID:22240068 Europe PMC PMID:22290316 Europe PMC PMID:22342082 Europe PMC PMID:22385337 Europe PMC PMID:22443779 Europe PMC PMID:22560242 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587154 Reaxys AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus carbon dioxide A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:8526 KEGG:C00017 chebi_ontology Protein a protein polypeptide chain protein polypeptide chains CHEBI:16541 protein polypeptide chain Protein KEGG_COMPOUND a protein UniProt polypeptide chain ChEBI protein polypeptide chains ChEBI peptide Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. 0 (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR CHEBI:14753 CHEBI:25906 CHEBI:7990 KEGG:C00012 Peptide peptides chebi_ontology Peptid peptido peptidos CHEBI:16670 peptide Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND peptides IUPAC Peptid ChEBI peptido ChEBI peptidos ChEBI A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:14202 CHEBI:4697 KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology Donator donneur CHEBI:17891 donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI dinitrogen iron atom An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl chebi_ontology acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle CHEBI:22221 acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion chebi_ontology Anionen aniones anions CHEBI:22563 anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases CHEBI:22695 base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the delta chemical shift scale. chebi_ontology NMR chemical shift reference compounds NMR chemical shift standard NMR chemical shift standards NMR internal standard NMR internal standards NMR reference standard NMR reference standards CHEBI:228364 NMR chemical shift reference compound NMR chemical shift reference compounds ChEBI NMR chemical shift standard ChEBI NMR chemical shift standards ChEBI NMR internal standard ChEBI NMR internal standards ChEBI NMR reference standard ChEBI NMR reference standards ChEBI The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. 0 CH2NO 44.03272 44.01364 *C(N)=O PMID:24168430 carbamoyl chebi_ontology -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group PMID:24168430 Europe PMC carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC carbon oxide 0 CO 28.01010 27.99491 O=C(*)* carbonyl carbonyl group chebi_ontology >C=O CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC chloride salt chlorine molecular entity An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor cofactors chebi_ontology CHEBI:23357 cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic cations CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation monoatomic cations ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor chebi_ontology enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group chebi_ontology Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos CHEBI:24433 group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC halogen molecular entity proton Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u. +1 [1H] InChI=1S/p+1/i/hH GPRLSGONYQIRFK-FTGQXOHASA-N 1.007 1.00728 [1H+] CAS:12408-02-5 KEGG:C00080 protium(1+) proton chebi_ontology (1)1H(+) (1)H(+) p p(+) CHEBI:24636 proton CAS:12408-02-5 ChemIDplus CAS:12408-02-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook protium(1+) IUPAC proton ChEBI proton IUPAC (1)1H(+) IUPAC (1)H(+) IUPAC p IUPAC p(+) IUPAC Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids chebi_ontology oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids CHEBI:24833 oxoacid oxoacid IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC oxacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic anions CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI inorganic salt salt chebi_ontology monoatomic ions CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion monoatomic ions ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion chebi_ontology Ionen iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI ion IUPAC Ionen ChEBI iones ChEBI ions ChEBI iron molecular entity Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 metabolite chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC +1 0.00000 [*+] chebi_ontology monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation monoatomic monocations ChEBI monovalent inorganic cations ChEBI 0 N InChI=1S/N QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14.007 14.00307 [N] WebElements:N nitrogen chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI nonmetal chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI Any organic ion with a net negative charge. chebi_ontology organic anions CHEBI:25696 organic anion organic anions ChEBI Any organic ion with a net positive charge. chebi_ontology organic cations CHEBI:25697 organic cation organic cations ChEBI chebi_ontology organic ions CHEBI:25699 organic ion organic ions ChEBI organic oxide An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology oxides CHEBI:25741 oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI 0 O InChI=1S/O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.99940 15.99491 [O] KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI sodium chloride sodium molecular entity sodium salt transition element atom A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions chebi_ontology compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds CHEBI:27369 zwitterion zwitterion IUPAC zwitterions IUPAC compose zwitterionique IUPAC compuestos zwitterionicos IUPAC zwitteriones IUPAC zwitterionic compounds IUPAC 0 C InChI=1S/C OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12.01070 12.00000 [C] CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI CAS:7440-44-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG COMPOUND carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. 0 CH3NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 61.04006 61.01638 NC(O)=O CHEBI:22504 CHEBI:23002 CHEBI:3386 CHEBI:44573 Beilstein:1734754 CAS:463-77-4 DrugBank:DB04261 Gmelin:130345 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid chebi_ontology Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid Beilstein:1734754 Beilstein CAS:463-77-4 ChemIDplus CAS:463-77-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:130345 Gmelin CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. +1 H4N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 18.03850 18.03383 [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] CHEBI:22534 CHEBI:49783 CHEBI:7435 CAS:14798-03-9 Gmelin:84 KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 PMID:11319011 PMID:11341317 PMID:12096804 PMID:14512268 PMID:14879753 PMID:16345391 PMID:16903292 PMID:17392693 PMID:18515490 PMID:19199063 PMID:19596600 PMID:19682559 PMID:19716251 PMID:21993530 PMID:22265469 PMID:22524020 PMID:22562341 PMID:22631217 Reaxys:16093784 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium azanium chebi_ontology Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion CHEBI:28938 ammonium CAS:14798-03-9 ChemIDplus CAS:14798-03-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84 Gmelin PMID:11319011 Europe PMC PMID:11341317 Europe PMC PMID:12096804 Europe PMC PMID:14512268 Europe PMC PMID:14879753 Europe PMC PMID:16345391 Europe PMC PMID:16903292 Europe PMC PMID:17392693 Europe PMC PMID:18515490 Europe PMC PMID:19199063 Europe PMC PMID:19596600 Europe PMC PMID:19682559 Europe PMC PMID:19716251 Europe PMC PMID:21993530 Europe PMC PMID:22265469 Europe PMC PMID:22524020 Europe PMC PMID:22562341 Europe PMC PMID:22631217 Europe PMC Reaxys:16093784 Reaxys ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium cation ChemIDplus ammonium ion PDBeChem The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13626 CHEBI:13945 CHEBI:23026 CHEBI:58657 chebi_ontology a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI -1 H2N InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16.02262 16.01927 [H][N-][H] amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) chebi_ontology NH2(-) CHEBI:29337 azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. -2 HN InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.01468 15.01200 [N--][H] azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) chebi_ontology NH(2-) imide CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. 0 0.0 0.0 * CHEBI:10581 CHEBI:14383 KEGG:C00205 photon chebi_ontology Lichtquant Light foton gamma hnu light quantum CHEBI:30212 photon photon IUPAC Lichtquant ChEBI Light KEGG_COMPOUND foton ChEBI gamma IUPAC hnu IUPAC hnu UniProt light quantum ChEBI Nucleus of the (4)He atom. +2 [4He] InChI=1S/He/q+2/i1+0 LBDSXVIYZYSRII-IGMARMGPSA-N 4.002 4.00151 [4He++] Gmelin:53474 alpha-particle helium-4(2+) chebi_ontology (4)He(2+) alpha CHEBI:30216 alpha-particle Gmelin:53474 Gmelin alpha-particle IUPAC alpha-particle IUPAC helium-4(2+) IUPAC (4)He(2+) IUPAC alpha IUPAC 0 He InChI=1S/He SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4.00260 4.00260 [He] CAS:7440-59-7 Drug_Central:4262 Gmelin:16294 WebElements:He helium chebi_ontology 2He He Helium helio helium CHEBI:30217 helium atom CAS:7440-59-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4262 DrugCentral Gmelin:16294 Gmelin helium IUPAC 2He IUPAC He IUPAC Helium ChEBI helio ChEBI helium ChEBI Nuclear particle of zero charge, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.008664904(14) u. 0 1.008664904 neutron chebi_ontology (1)0n n CHEBI:30222 neutron neutron ChEBI neutron IUPAC (1)0n ChEBI n IUPAC +2 0.00000 [*++] CHEBI:23856 CHEBI:4665 KEGG:C00572 chebi_ontology Divalent cation divalent inorganic cations monoatomic dications CHEBI:30412 monoatomic dication Divalent cation KEGG_COMPOUND divalent inorganic cations ChEBI monoatomic dications ChEBI An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. chebi_ontology atomic entity monoatomic entities CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity atomic entity ChEBI monoatomic entities ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydrides CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic groups CHEBI:33246 inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. chebi_ontology organic groups CHEBI:33247 organic group organic groups ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups chebi_ontology groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo CHEBI:33249 organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 atom chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] chebi_ontology atomic hydrogen CHEBI:33251 monoatomic hydrogen atomic hydrogen ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. Some people may be uncomfortable calling every proton an atomic nucleus This is equivalent to CHEBI:33252 nucleus chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:33256 primary amide primary amide IUPAC primary amides IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33260 elemental hydrogen elemental oxygen diatomic oxygen diatomic nitrogen elemental nitrogen An anion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic anions CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI fuel alkali metal molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chalcogen chalcogens chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen PMID:17084588 Europe PMC chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI group 14 elements chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI noble gas noble gases chebi_ontology Edelgas Edelgase gas noble gases nobles gaz noble gaz nobles group 18 elements group VIII elements inert gases noble gas rare gases CHEBI:33309 noble gas atom noble gas IUPAC noble gases IUPAC Edelgas ChEBI Edelgase ChEBI gas noble ChEBI gases nobles ChEBI gaz noble ChEBI gaz nobles ChEBI group 18 elements IUPAC group VIII elements ChEBI inert gases ChEBI noble gas ChEBI rare gases ChEBI 0 Rn InChI=1S/Rn SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 222.00000 222.00000 [Rn] CAS:10043-92-2 Gmelin:16242 WebElements:Rn radon chebi_ontology 86Rn Rn niton radium emanation radon CHEBI:33314 radon atom CAS:10043-92-2 ChemIDplus CAS:10043-92-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16242 Gmelin radon IUPAC 86Rn IUPAC Rn IUPAC niton ChemIDplus radium emanation ChemIDplus radon ChEBI 0 He 4.003 4.00260 chebi_ontology elemental helium CHEBI:33315 monoatomic helium elemental helium ChEBI +2 He InChI=1S/He/q+2 LBDSXVIYZYSRII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4.00260 4.00151 [He++] helium(2+) chebi_ontology He(2+) CHEBI:33316 helium(2+) helium(2+) IUPAC He(2+) IUPAC An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI iron group element atom elemental pnictogen transition element molecular entity actinoid molecular entity uranium molecular entity metal atom An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid anion alpha-amino acid anions alpha-amino-acid anions CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI d-block element atom A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.017 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. noble gas molecular entity chebi_ontology noble gas compounds noble gas molecular entities CHEBI:33583 noble gas molecular entity noble gas molecular entity ChEBI noble gas compounds ChEBI noble gas molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI d-block molecular entity f-block molecular entity helium molecular entity chebi_ontology helium compounds helium molecular entities CHEBI:33679 helium molecular entity helium molecular entity ChEBI helium compounds ChEBI helium molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33680 elemental helium Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides oxygen hydride A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer chebi_ontology Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule biopolymer IUPAC Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI chebi_ontology genetically encoded biomacromolecules genetically encoded biopolymers information biomacromolecules information biopolymers information macromolecule information macromolecules CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule genetically encoded biomacromolecules ChEBI genetically encoded biopolymers ChEBI information biomacromolecules ChEBI information biopolymers ChEBI information macromolecule ChEBI information macromolecules ChEBI nucleic acid A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acid ribonucleic acid High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. ribonucleic acid chebi_ontology canonical amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residues common amino acid residues proteinogenic amino-acid residues standard amino acid residues standard amino-acid residues CHEBI:33700 proteinogenic amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residue ChEBI canonical amino-acid residues ChEBI common amino acid residues ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid residues ChEBI standard amino acid residues ChEBI standard amino-acid residues ChEBI A cation consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic cations CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation polyatomic cations ChEBI chebi_ontology amino acid cation amino acid cations amino-acid cations CHEBI:33703 amino-acid cation amino acid cation ChEBI amino acid cations ChEBI amino-acid cations ChEBI An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 NC([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:10208 CHEBI:13779 CHEBI:22442 CHEBI:2642 KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 alpha-amino acid chebi_ontology Amino acid Amino acids alpha-amino acids alpha-amino carboxylic acids CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid IUPAC Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND Amino acids KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino acids JCBN alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. amino-acid residue chebi_ontology amino acid residue amino acid residues amino-acid residues CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue amino-acid residue IUPAC amino acid residue ChEBI amino acid residues ChEBI amino-acid residues JCBN A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:13815 CHEBI:22477 Wikipedia:Amino_acid chebi_ontology Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids CHEBI:33709 amino acid Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI amino acids ChEBI An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid. 0 C2H2NOR 56.043 56.01364 *-NC([*])C(-*)=O chebi_ontology alpha-amino-acid residues an alpha-amino acid residue CHEBI:33710 alpha-amino-acid residue alpha-amino-acid residues ChEBI an alpha-amino acid residue UniProt chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid cation alpha-amino acid cations alpha-amino-acid cations CHEBI:33719 alpha-amino-acid cation alpha-amino acid cation ChEBI alpha-amino acid cations ChEBI alpha-amino-acid cations ChEBI iron group molecular entity copper group molecular entity nickel group molecular entity platinum molecular entity macromolecule A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. polymer Wikipedia:Macromolecule macromolecule chebi_ontology macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers CHEBI:33839 macromolecule macromolecule IUPAC macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent chebi_ontology reactif reactivo reagents CHEBI:33893 reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. chebi_ontology macronutrients CHEBI:33937 macronutrient macronutrients ChEBI halide salt gold molecular entity chebi_ontology nitrogen hydrides CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. chebi_ontology azanes CHEBI:35107 azane azanes ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor chebi_ontology inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors CHEBI:35222 inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI fossil fuel The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. chebi_ontology amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterions amino-acid zwitterions CHEBI:35238 amino-acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI amino acid zwitterions ChEBI amino-acid zwitterions ChEBI Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. CHEBI:33274 CHEBI:33436 oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoacid anions oxoanions CHEBI:35406 oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI alkali metal salt chebi_ontology carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology pnictogen hydrides CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 proteins chebi_ontology CHEBI:36080 protein proteins IUPAC inorganic chloride Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose. boson chebi_ontology bosons CHEBI:36341 boson boson IUPAC bosons ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron hadrons ChEBI A hadron with zero or integer spin; a strongly interacting boson. The term is derived from the Greek muepsilonsigmaomicronsigma (medium, middle). chebi_ontology mesons CHEBI:36345 meson mesons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC The collective name for zero-spin mesons pi(+), pi(-) and pi(0). pi meson pion chebi_ontology pi-meson CHEBI:36348 pi meson pi meson ChEBI pion IUPAC pi-meson ChEBI Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.113428913(17) u, or 105.658389(34) MeV. -1 0.113428913 muon chebi_ontology Mueon My-Teilchen Myon mu(-) negative muon CHEBI:36356 muon muon IUPAC Mueon ChEBI My-Teilchen ChEBI Myon ChEBI mu(-) IUPAC negative muon ChEBI Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI An ion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic ions CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion polyatomic ions ChEBI Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds chebi_ontology organic oxo compounds CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound oxo compounds IUPAC organic oxo compounds ChEBI chalcogen hydride argon molecular entity chebi_ontology inorganic ions CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic cations CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. CHEBI:23058 CHEBI:3473 KEGG:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology Kation Kationen cationes cations CHEBI:36916 cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation IUPAC Kation ChEBI Kationen ChEBI cationes ChEBI cations ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology amino acid anion amino acid anions amino-acid anions CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion amino acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides chebi_ontology mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). CHEBI:13800 CHEBI:13801 CHEBI:22209 CHEBI:2426 KEGG:C00174 Acid acid chebi_ontology Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI halide An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group chebi_ontology carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC inorganic sodium salt A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid chebi_ontology Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base chebi_ontology Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base chebi_ontology Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor CHEBI:39144 Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI 0 HO 17.00734 17.00274 *O[H] CHEBI:24706 CHEBI:43171 PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group chebi_ontology -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI 0 O 15.99940 15.99491 O=* CHEBI:29353 CHEBI:44607 PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP oxo chebi_ontology =O CHEBI:46629 oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral 0 CHO2 45.01744 44.99765 *C(=O)O CHEBI:23025 CHEBI:41420 PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP carboxy chebi_ontology -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group CHEBI:46883 carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H hydrogen chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology organic amino compounds CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations chebi_ontology onium cations onium ion onium ions CHEBI:50313 onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. CHEBI:50911 Wikipedia:Neurotoxin chebi_ontology agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. chebi_ontology dipolar compounds CHEBI:51151 dipolar compound dipolar compounds ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). chebi_ontology organodiyl groups CHEBI:51422 organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:51446 organic divalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role inorganic hydroxy compound An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen. chebi_ontology amino acid cation residue amino acid cation residues amino-acid cation residue amino-acid cation residues cationic amino acid residue cationic amino acid residues cationic amino-acid residues CHEBI:58942 cationic amino-acid residue amino acid cation residue ChEBI amino acid cation residues ChEBI amino-acid cation residue ChEBI amino-acid cation residues ChEBI cationic amino acid residue ChEBI cationic amino acid residues ChEBI cationic amino-acid residues ChEBI A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. chebi_ontology nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. chebi_ontology a monovalent cation CHEBI:60242 monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. 0 C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n chebi_ontology a peptide peptide zwitterions CHEBI:60466 peptide zwitterion a peptide UniProt peptide zwitterions ChEBI An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. chebi_ontology organic acids CHEBI:64709 organic acid organic acids ChEBI A group that carries an overall positive charge. chebi_ontology cationic groups CHEBI:64766 cationic group cationic groups ChEBI A group that carries an overall negative charge. chebi_ontology anionic groups CHEBI:64767 anionic group anionic groups ChEBI A cationic group that contains carbon. chebi_ontology organic cationic groups CHEBI:64769 organic cationic group organic cationic groups ChEBI An anionic group that contains carbon. chebi_ontology organic anionic groups CHEBI:64775 organic anionic group organic anionic groups ChEBI An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge. chebi_ontology amino acid anion residue amino acid anion residues amino-acid anion residue amino-acid anion residues anionic amino acid residue anionic amino acid residues CHEBI:64898 anionic amino-acid residue amino acid anion residue ChEBI amino acid anion residues ChEBI amino-acid anion residue ChEBI amino-acid anion residues ChEBI anionic amino acid residue ChEBI anionic amino acid residues ChEBI Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison chebi_ontology poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances CHEBI:64909 poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI envoPolar greenhouse gas Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase chebi_ontology EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI environmental contaminant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology refrigerants CHEBI:78433 refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI An amino acid-zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O CHEBI:83409 MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid zwitterion alpha-amino acid zwitterions alpha-amino-acid zwitterions an alpha-amino acid CHEBI:78608 alpha-amino-acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids SUBMITTER alpha-amino acid zwitterion ChEBI alpha-amino acid zwitterions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid zwitterions ChEBI an alpha-amino acid UniProt Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. chebi_ontology divalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79388 divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. chebi_ontology monovalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI An information content entity that is output by an assay. experimental data CHMO:0000793 assay output An information content entity that is output by an assay. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0640-0422 A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity. CHMO:0002793 sensor A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 Measurement of the dose of a substance taken up by an object. CHMO:0002796 dosimetry Measurement of the dose of a substance taken up by an object. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559753-00013 A sensor that is used to measure the dose of a substance taken by up an object. CHMO:0002797 dosimeter A sensor that is used to measure the dose of a substance taken by up an object. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559753-00013 cell PMID:18089833.Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12018-25. "...Epithelial cells were harvested from histologically confirmed adenocarcinomas .." A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CL and GO definitions of cell differ based on inclusive or exclusive of cell wall, etc. We struggled with this definition. We are worried about circularity. We also considered requiring the capability of metabolism. cell atom A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. A material entity consisting of exactly one atomic nucleus and the electron(s) orbiting it. This atom is closely related to ChEBI's atom, but not exactly equivalent to. atom molecular entity A material entity that consists of two or more atoms that are all connected via covalent bonds such that any atom can be transitively connected with any other atom. Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. This molecular entity is different than ChEBI's 'molecular entity'. We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well We would like to have cardinality restrictions on the logic, but there are some technical limitations. molecule A part of a multicellular organism that is a collection of cell components that are not all contained in one cell. gross anatomical part A material entity that is a maximal functionally integrated unit that develops from a program encoded in a genome 'Maximal functionally integrated unit' is intended to express unity, which Barry considers synonymous with BFO 'object'. Includes virus - we will later have a class for cellular organisms. organism A material entity processed by human activity with an intent to produce it. In the COB 2024 workshop there was much disagreement about this label. processed material entity completely executed planned process complex of molecules A complex of two or more molecular entities that are not covalently bound. A complex of two or more molecular entities that are not covalently bound. complex of molecules complex of molecules A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification. planned process A planned process that intends to output material entities from input material entities material processing characteristic A processed material entity which is designed to be capable of a process. device An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature envoPolar This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass. geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. tailing FTT:625 FTT:631 mine tailing Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings tailing ADL:FTT A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 transport feature A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. MA:ma A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF fluvial feature envoPolar hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN LTER:695 SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ocean region envoMarine envoPolar ocean LTER:695 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=695&/oceans ocean region ADL:FTT A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water envoMarine envoPolar sea A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LTER:278 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake envoPolar lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake LTER:278 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=278&/lakes catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A quarry from which sand is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry A quarry from which sand is extracted. MA:ma An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process. agricultural ecosystem barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region envoPolar desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains. valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grazing area herbaceous area grassland area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN LTER:503 SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland brigalow pine grove caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest wood wooded area woodland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. USGS:SDTS brigalow USGS:SDTS pine grove Geonames:feature caatinga USGS:SDTS chanaral USGS:SDTS coniferous forest USGS:SDTS copse USGS:SDTS deciduous forest USGS:SDTS equatorial forest USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest USGS:SDTS garique USGS:SDTS grove ADL:FTT grove USGS:SDTS jungle Getty:TGN jungle USGS:SDTS mallee scrub USGS:SDTS monsoon forest USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS motte USGS:SDTS mulga USGS:SDTS mulga scrub USGS:SDTS rain forest ADL:FTT rain forest Getty:TGN reforested area USGS:SDTS sagebrush USGS:SDTS scrub USGS:SDTS shrub USGS:SDTS silva USGS:SDTS stand USGS:SDTS taiga USGS:SDTS thicket USGS:SDTS thorn forest USGS:SDTS wood Getty:TGN wooded area USGS:SDTS An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST LTER:2 SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest wood The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forested area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest Geonames:feature wood Getty:TGN A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural site EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 cropland grassland agricultural field A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29 agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS grassland USGS:SDTS A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. dry valley A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost envoPolar Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. permafrost An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. current EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT LTER:386 SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. BS:bs current ADL:FTT current Geonames:feature current Getty:TGN A landform elevated above the surrounding area. elevation LTER:177 SWEETRealm:Elevation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation elevated landform A landform elevated above the surrounding area. MA:ma A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature landform physiographic feature solid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp Swamp swamp cienaga swamp ecosystem A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_valley ENVO valley ENVO:00000248 envoPolar glacial valley A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. MA:ma valley USGS:SDTS An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry ENVO ENVO:00000284 quarry An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice patch iceberg icefall IceSheet ice field ice sheet icecap envoPolar Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. ice field A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. ADL:FTT ice patch ADL:FTT iceberg ADL:FTT icefall ADL:FTT IceSheet NASA:earthrealm ice field ADL:FTT ice sheet ADL:FTT icecap ADL:FTT Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubland scrubland bush chaparal area heath scrub shrubland scrubland area Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ADL:FTT scrubland Geonames:feature bush ADL:FTT bush Getty:TGN chaparal area ADL:FTT heath ADL:FTT scrub USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT shrubland USGS:SDTS A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 depression EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 barrier basin depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin depressed landform A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29 barrier basin USGS:SDTS depression Geonames:feature non tidal basin USGS:SDTS pan Geonames:feature pan Getty:TGN pan (geologic) ADL:FTT pans Geonames:feature tidal basin USGS:SDTS A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 piece of rock A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. grain of sand granule of sand sand granule In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel. particle of sand A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt. grain of silt granule of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. grain of desert sand A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:809 major habitat type EcosytemType In this definition, there is an assumption that no major perturbations are occurring or have occurred in a time frame affects the successional dynamics of the ecosystem. A "major" perturbation is one which disrupts the community's ability to restore its (near) equilibrium. Usually, pioneer or early secondary successional processes would be in effect in such scenarios. biome A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome LTER:809 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=809&/biomes major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial terrestrial realm terrestrial biome A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. SPIRE:Marine marine realm envoPolar This biome includes open-ocean and unprotected coastal ecosystems, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. marine biome An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. research facility A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. MA:ma The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed submerged bed The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. USGS:SDTS BOTTOM USGS:SDTS city A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg] regolith LTER:535 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil 'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280 soil An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil A lentic water body which is composed primarily of marine water. body of marine water marine waterbody marine water body A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope flank side slope A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. MA:ma The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air LTER:18 SWEETRealm:Air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air envoPolar air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water EcoLexicon:water LTER:617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water liquid water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation LTER:492 LTER:493 SWEETRealm:Sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment envoPolar Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. sediment Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust envoPolar Dust occurs in and may be deposited from the atmosphere. dust Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water salt water The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight. saline water A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock ENVO ENVO:00002016 sedimentary rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. LTER:41 aquatic biome EcoLexicon:wood LTER:637 SWEETRealm:Wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 wood Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds. chemically enriched sediment A portion of contaminated soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some contaminant. ENVO ENVO:00002116 "contaminant" is more of a disposition - any material entity can be a contaminant in particular circumstances. contaminated soil Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean. When we have more classes representing the various processes which make seawater seawater, we can further axiomatise this class. EcoLexicon:sea_water LTER:701 SWEETRealm:SeaWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_water ocean water seawater This definition refers to water that is actually in a sea or ocean. This water may have a wide range of salinity levels. sea water ENVO ENVO:00002167 platinum mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 gold mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 coal mine A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital hospital A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital EcoLexicon:water_pollution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminated_water polluted water ENVO ENVO:00002186 contaminated water Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds. organically enriched sediment Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds. inorganically enriched sediment coal mine waste ENVO coal refuse ENVO:00002206 coal mine waste material A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. SWEETRealm:PowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant generating plant generating station power station powerhouse ENVO ENVO:00002214 power plant A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 geothermal power plant A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. forest soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). This seems more like a role than a material. Anything can be waste. Thus, a "waste" role or disposition will be created and this class can then be populated by inference: any environmental material which has [role,disposition] waste will be considered a waste material. EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with industrial entities. industrial waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 industrial waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1340 A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. A/C A/C unit air conditioner air conditioning unit A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. clay Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. A house used for sheltering non-human animals. While humans are animals, this class does not refer to human houses. animal house A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise. enriched soil An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. It's possible that this will become an inferred class in the future. The United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification should be referred to when expanding this branch. ISIC can also be used to identify processes. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1. industrial building An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. ENVO ENVO:00003885 brewery A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. research station A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_station A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. warehouse A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 This is a general definition derived from the definitions for particulate, chemical, and other air filters. Subclasses should be created if needed. air filter An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability. dry soil A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil A portion of soil which is found in a grassland. grassland soil Soil which is part of an agricultural field. field soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. upland soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. den nest This class represents habitations of non-human animals. This distinction may be removed in future releases. animal habitation The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. MA:ma A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. bird nest bird's nest eyrie ENVO ENVO:00005805 nest of bird A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nest A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket. environmental material A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. EcoLexicon:surface http://sweetontology.net/reprSpaceGeometry/Surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol envoAtmo Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol" aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling marine upwelling This term is specific to marine upwellings. upwelling MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. sand Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine estuarine biome Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000022 marine salt marsh biome The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_marsh The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z marginal sea biome The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z envoPolar Ocean biomes are determined by major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. ocean biome A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. particulate matter envoAtmo envoPolar particulate environmental material A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton. See Issue #251. Awaiting class creation in PCO to attempt logical definitions. envoPolar planktonic material A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current envoPolar marine current A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:212 SPIRE:Forest forest biome A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. woodland biome A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. shrubland biome A grassland ecosystem in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland grassland biome A woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland savanna biome A desert ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Desert_or_dune wwfBiome desert biome A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical desert biome A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate A savanna biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate savanna biome A subtropical grassland in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome subtropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate grassland biome A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000196 Preliminary definition. coniferous forest biome A broadleaf forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z broadleaf forest biome A mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z wwfBiome mixed forest biome A tropical broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z tropical broadleaf forest biome A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z wwfBiome temperate broadleaf forest biome An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z envoPolar A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical tropical A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z As with most other climatic zones and conditions, multiple classification schemes have somehat different definitions and criteria. To quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate. In the Trewartha climate classification, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined Warm temperate zones as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,[4] which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.[5] According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: Rainy winters of the west sides and Eastern subtropical climate.[6] According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: high-continental, continental, and maritime.[7] According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.[8]" subtropical A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z SPIRE:Temperate tepid climate This class' definition is less satisfactory than the other latitudinal conditoins. temperate A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate tepid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate A coniferous forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate coniferous forest biome A temperate mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z wwfBiome temperate mixed forest biome A shrubland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate shrubland biome A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. montane shrubland biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z anthrome human biome Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ A woodland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate woodland biome An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z EcoLexicon:aridity envoPolar arid A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization frigid envoPolar On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. polar A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate frigid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate A scrubland which is located in a desert. 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z desert scrub desert scrubland A scrubland which is located in a desert. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z cropland biome A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z Villages are also described as agricultural settlements with greater than 100 persons per square kilometre; however, no upper limit is defined. village biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z rangeland biome A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO:01000248 dense settlement biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z EcoLexicon:taiga LTER:72 SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga wwfBiome subpolar coniferous forest biome A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z boreal subarctic envoPolar Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. subpolar A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate boreal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate subarctic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 1. Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for imports from an ontology of environment and experimental conditions. 2. Need to consdier how to model environments in a way that covers ENVO and XCO content in a consistent and coherent way. A couple classes under Exploratory Class are relvant here. Consider how we might approach environments/condisitons using an EQ aproach analogous to how phenotypes are defined (i.e. consider environments/coonditions as qualities inhereing in some entity). 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z LTER:341 mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z LTER:48 atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 envoPolar atmospheric water vapour Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T17:21:09Z envoPolar Unlike biomes, ecoregions are geographically defined entities. ENVO's sister project, GAZ, contains terms for instances of ecoregions (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra). Requests for new terms should be directed to GAZ. ENVO will only contain this top-level class. The class' definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes Ice which is formed from water. 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z LTER:262 ice envoPolar Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensation of atmospheric water vapour direct into ice crystals, (c) the compaction of snow with or without the motion of a glacier, or (d) the impregnation of porous snow masses with water which subsequently freeze. water ice Ice which is formed from water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T18:32:46Z envoPolar ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z envoPolar layer A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. A layer which is part of a lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z ENVO ENVO:01000283 envoPolar Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. lake layer A mass of water ice. Class should be populated by inference and asserted subclasses redistributed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z accumulation of ice ice accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation envoPolar ice mass A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoMarine envoPolar marine layer A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. Water (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar saline water environment Water (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. envoPolar The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. envoPolar marine environment A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. NM:nm An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment envoPolar sea water environment The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer envoPolar atmospheric boundary layer A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities planetary surface A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. envoPolar This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed. aquatic layer A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. dome swamp An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. under story undergrowth understorey understory An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understory A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. shrub layer A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. http://www.treeterms.co.uk/definitions/shrub-layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. fern layer herb layer herb stratum herbaceous layer herbaceous stratum herbaceous understory ground cover ground vegetation regeneration layer This definition is inclusive of non-herbaceous plants that may be transiently present in the "herb layer". See Gilliam FS (2007) The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. BioScience. 57(10):845-858. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007) for rationale and a review of definitional and terminological variation. herb and fern layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007 A biome which is subject to polar climatic conditions. envoPolar This class is primarily for inference and, in general, should not be used directly by annotators. If you're an annotator, please consider using a more informative term such as 'tundra biome'. polar biome An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:26 envoPolar Requested term with preliminary def. See Issue 29 on the envo tracker. alpine An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:350 envoPolar The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. montane An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Depending on the latitude (and, to a lesser extent, other factors), the actual location of the zones where these conditions are in effect will change. altitudinal condition An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root. Requested in Issue 115 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. root matter An unbroken expanse (as of ice) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This class was created to accommodate "fields" from agricultural fields to marine mesoscale eddy fields. Thus, it has a very broad definition which makes it less than informative when annotating. Please consider using or requesting an appropriate subclass. field An unbroken expanse (as of ice) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation. forest layer forest stratum woodland layer woodland stratum Usually found in woodlands and forests. vegetation layer A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7. acidic water An evergreen needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate evergreen needleleaf forest A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous broadleaf forest A deciduous needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous needleleaf forest A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed broadleaf forest A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed needleleaf forest A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate sclerophyllous dry forest A broadleaf evergreen forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate broadleaf evergreen forest A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). It is currently unclear how to relate forests and swamps. temperate freshwater swamp forest Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. envoPolar snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area envoPolar Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition. environmental zone A whole plant which is relatively old old plant A whole plant which is relatively young. young plant A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. The provisioning of a dwelling-place can perhaps be modelled as a role. house A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House A human house is a house which provides a dwelling-place for humans. human house A building part is a construction which is part of a building. Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat. building part A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 room A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room A forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. broadleaf forest A forest ecosystem which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. The subclasses of this class need to be checked: are they properly placed under other classes or is this corrected and the dominant form of mixed vegetation noted in the label? mixed forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. swamp forest coniferous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. needleleaf forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. sclerophyllous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. montane forest A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete masonry unit A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 masonry unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Missing the class for "aggregate" - tricky to define what it is, exactly. Again, seems more like some sort of material/disposition hybrid. concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement "Cement" refers more to a disposition than a specific material. masonry cement Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. This is a building part and not the same as a standalone wall, which is a building in its own right. building wall Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall An exterior wall is a building wall which separates the interior of a building from the buildings surrounding environment. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exterior wall A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 building enclosure building envelope A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. ceiling A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 roof This class is meant to represent roofs which are parts of buildings, rather than a roofs of cave and other natural formations. building roof A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick material A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Generally used to refer to the masonry unit rather than a material. brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall brick exterior wall A concrete exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete wall concrete exterior wall An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron sheet An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_metal A sheet-iron building roof is a building roof that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron roof sheet-iron roof iron sheet building roof sheet-iron building roof An asbestos building roof is a building roof that is built from asbestos. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asbestos roof asbestos exists in CHEBI and will be imported to complete this class' logical def. asbestos building roof A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile A tile building roof is a building roof that is built using tiles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile roof tiled roof tile building roof tiled building roof A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet "disposal" may not be the most precise way to describe fill-in latrines. Note that no assertion is made on whether these fixtures are in- or outdoors. toilet fixture A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 manufactory manufacturing plant factory A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8128 The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mesosphere The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mesosphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8695 The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height thermosphere The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermosphere A layer that is part of the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric layering envoPolar This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses. atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. Subclasses will be added by inference. motor vehicle A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. engine motor A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation envoAtmo envoPolar "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation A landmass which is part of a planet. land ground planetary landmass A landmass which is part of a planet. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space envoAstro outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance. planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. Label should be improved to match definition. planetary structural layer A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance. planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. dense settlement A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. This definition is preliminary. waste role A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. fracture SWEETRealm:Fissure fissure geological fracture A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology) fissure Genomes:fissure A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement. fault The relationship between faults and active plate boundaries must be further developed, as there is some overlap. geological fault An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. active fault environmental_hazards active geological fault Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem. contaminated air An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. quake temblor tremor environmental_hazards Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. earthquake An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. environmental_hazards tectonic earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. environmental_hazards polluted lake A mass of water. water mass A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. Used for both marine and lake coasts. The boundary of the coast is fuzzy and it overlaps both the water body and land in quesiton. Compared to 'shore' coast A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. seismic sea wave tidal wave environmental_hazards tsunami A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. subsidence environmental_hazards geological subsidence A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet) hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat A habitat's specificity to an ecological population differentiates it from other environment classes. habitat An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EnvO:EnvO A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This looks like an aggregate class, subsuming a range of processes which can lead to degradation. These anthropogenic ecosystems may include urban or other built-up settlements or anthropogenic ecosystems used for activities such as forestry or agriculture. land consumption process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work. Subclasses will be added by inference. human dwelling A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. The range of entities that are considered "barren land" are not exhaustive, making axiomatisation risky at this stage. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) NLCD:31 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes. This may not need to be in the atmosphere, also note that "meteor" will do much of the same work. envoAtmo Similar, in spirit, to landform. This class may need to be split into aerosols and 'pure' volumes of gas. aeroform A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes. village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. infrastructure We label this as 'public infrastructure', as the OECD definition refers specifically to public constructed features. The parts of public infrastructure are not exhaustive and should be extended as needed. public infrastructure The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4511 A building which is publically accessible. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public building A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process. material extraction process A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. wind envoAtmo envoPolar This class refers to all forms of "wind": from the familiar movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere to the solar wind. Use a subclass to be more precise. mass gaseous flow A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. envoAtmo envoPolar atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. This class is to be populated by inference. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88 plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body envoAstro Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'. astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. envoAstro envoPolar Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. Add qualities such as spherical. Request NTRs if not available in PATO. envoAstro envoPolar star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object envoAstro If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far. astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A material part of an astronomical body. Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension. Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts. This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed. envoAstro envoPolar Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information. astronomical body part An environmental material which is in a solid state. This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. solid environmental material An environmental material which is in a liquid state. envoPolar This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. liquid environmental material An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion. envoAstro envoPolar The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. biosphere An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. envoAstro envoPolar This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. envoAstro This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere Air which has increased levels of water vapour. humid air Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature. water-vapour-saturated air wet air "Near equal" is meant to reflect that there will be fluctuations around the equilibrium point. water vapour saturated air A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. rain fall rainfall rain envoPolar This is the process which typically happens on Earth. Other planets may have different liquids involved in the process. water-based rainfall A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. drop No attempt is made to differentiate between drops and droplets. This may be added, if requested. droplet A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity. raindrop A droplet of water A defined class which should be filled by inference. water droplet raindrop This is the class intended for use when describing raindrops on Earth. These typically have a diamter of 0.1 to 9 millimetres. water raindrop A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal envoPolar Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. water ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a temperate climate. A component of the WWF Temperate Shelf and seas ecoregions grouping wwfBiome temperate marginal sea biome A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is located in a region subject to temperate climate patterns. wwfBiome temperate marine upwelling biome An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" shrub/scrub NLCD:52 area of shrub nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of scrub or shrub are dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of scrub An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, open space NLCD:21 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed open space are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover less than 20% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of developed open space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. sedge/herbaceous NLCD:72 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by sedge or forbs. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that land covered by sedge tundra and sedge tussock tundra are subsumed in this category. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. grassland/herbaceous NLCD:71 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by grasslands or non-woody, herbaceous plants. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that, while no "intensive" management such as tilling is performed in these areas, they may be used for grazing. area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. This is currently bound to water-based snow on Earth, may need revisions for interplanetary applications 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow fall environmental_hazards envoCryo envoPolar snowfall A human house which serves as a long-term shelter for its inhabitants and within which they store personal property. This is under "human house" due to the broad definition of "house". This term is not to be used for hotels, hostels, inns and the like, which provides shorter-term stays. residential building An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. non-anthropised environment non-anthropized environment In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet envoAstro terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. envoCesab animal trap A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/trap A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. envoPolar This class can refer to the flow of any material in a liquid phase. mass liquid flow A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. environmental_hazards water flow process A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. envoAstro The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. technosphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743 http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. plumbing fixture An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. The nature of "structures" must be further specified. human-directed construction process An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by a green plant. Plant plant environment Viridiplantae-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics plant-associated environment Plant http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal environment Metazoan-associated environment envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics animal-associated environment Animal http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. envoAtmo meteor A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of water. envoAtmo hydrometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of rock. envoAtmo lithometeor A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. This class is to be filled by inference. natural lake A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. Requires addition of waves for full axiomatisation. This should be linked to "subatomic particle" with an "or". Note that ENVO represents space as an environmental material (a hard vacuum with sparse material inclusions). environmental_hazards envoAstro radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. environmental_hazards envoAstro particle radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. EM radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. Saline envoEmpo The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request. saline environment Saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. Soil (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics soil environment Soil (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. envoEmpo envoOmics sediment environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. envoEmpo envoOmics aerosol environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. Aerosol (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics saline aerosol environment Aerosol (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu) An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. Aerosol (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics non-saline aerosol environment Aerosol (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ aerosolized dust or liquid An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. Animal corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an animal part or small animal Animal corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. Plant corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with a plant part or small plant Plant corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. envoAstro meteoroid An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. Far more axiomatisation can be done should the qualities of metals be added to PATO or a similar quality ontology. However, note that there are many exceptions to the typical qualities of the majority of metals. metal While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity. metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. particle formation particulate matter formation process A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol formation envoAtmo atmospheric aerosol formation An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of solid particles in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. SWEETRealm:Aerosol liquid aerosol envoAtmo aerosolised liquids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. SWEETRealm:Aerosol solid aerosol envoAtmo aerosolised solids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. tectonic plate A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. tectonic plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. LTER:173 This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem LTER:173 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=173&/ecosystems Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead. plant matter A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. envoAstro Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. An axiom to express that the planet has a 'substantial' proportion of its mass in the form of water wound enhance this class. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b. ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice envoAstro carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. The placement of this class assumes that some traces of hydrogen are left in the atmosphere. If this is not the case, the axiom on gas planet must be updated. envoAstro A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust volatile envoAstro Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas envoAstro This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin. astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. An ecosystem which has been causally isolated from a larger ecosystem within which it was previously embedded, such that the direct exchange of materials, resources, and energy between these systems is severely or entirely curtailed. Often, ecosystem fragments are unable to sustain themselves without human intervention and management as they are not large enough to perform self-sustaining functions (e.g. nutrient recycling) or hold sufficient ecological resources such as genetic diversity of populations. ecosystem fragment A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. ecosystem fragmentation process A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_fragmentation A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. ecosystem management Umweltmaßnahme environmental management active ecosystem management process A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 Not currently live, may need to be switched to alternative PURLs. Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic soil Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid This class will be axiomatised with "alga" once an approach to handle this term's ambiguous semantics has been agreed with PCO. An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. algal material An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae The surface layer of a volume of water. EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface of a body of water water body surface water surface The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. lithification A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 Geonames:V.GRSLD LTER:232 TGN:21604 TGN:54052 GRASSLAND grassland Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area grassland ecosystem An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND USGS:SDTS grassland Geonames:feature Grassland NASA:earthrealm down USGS:SDTS downland USGS:SDTS downs USGS:SDTS glade ADL:FTT glade USGS:SDTS grazing area ADL:FTT grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. EcoLexicon:wetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD LTER:630 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands moor morass muskeg wetland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. NCIT:C44445 solar radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance solar radiation NCIT:C44445 A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container. water accumulation process A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." office building A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." commercial building A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. office A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment A natural environment which is within a water body. aquatic natural environment EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy forest canopy A canopy which is part of a woodland ecosystem. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy woodland canopy A canopy which is composed of the aboveground portion, or crowns, of a community of crop plants. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy crop canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy false canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_%28biology%29 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forest ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf https://www1.usgs.gov/csas/nvcs/nvcsGetUnitDetails?elementGlobalId=860217 An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. Woodland understories are often populated with communities of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. There are varying distinctions between woodland and forest, with a large degree of ambiguity. woodland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture agricultural process A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice. water ice layer A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested the bush "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush area A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bush#h1 An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar vegetated area A liquid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water and is held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" Similar, in spirit, to landform. hydroform Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid. liquid surface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. solid surface layer A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. saline water body A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected. advective transport process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine tidal flow process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation. desert A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. new particle formation process envoAtmo aerosolised particle formation process A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. primary aerosol formation primary aerosol formation process A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An organic environmental material which is primarily composed of gill tissue. gill tissue material An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by the building envelope of a laboratory and in which a system of manufactured products exert control on one or more of its environmental conditions. laboratory environment A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. research laboratory laboratory facility laboratory facility A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. land conversion land development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. land conversion process An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. agricultural land conversion This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. agricultural land conversion process A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. There are multiple systems of land use classification. This hierarchy aims to be generally applicable, but national systems can be added on request. land use process An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. mining terrestrial mining A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem. planned environmental usage process A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. mining A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A mining process which occurs in a marine ecosystem. marine mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. This may be either terrestrial or marine. coal mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1507 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. transportation usage of an environment for transportation A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/8641 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. transportation usage of an environment for infrastructure and utilities A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4321 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6822 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. residential This class does not include environments which are primarily used for commerce or industry. usage of an environment for residential activity A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7143 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. This class includes environments used to support the facilities engaged with a broad variety of manufacturing activities from food and tobacco, to textiles, metals, vehicles, and chemicals. usage of an environment for industry A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4279 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. This class includes activities carried out in commercial offices, meeting centres, art studios, recording studios, film sets, warehouses, and distribution centres. usage of an environment for business A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1084 A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. body of liquid A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of gaseous material. gaseous astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. 2018-10-04T13:59:22Z fluid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. 2018-10-04T14:04:49Z domestic building A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. 2018-10-04T16:55:57Z land surface a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities surface of an astronomical body A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. 2018-10-04T19:28:01Z aircraft A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. 2018-10-05T21:12:47Z flattened elevation A pollution process during which artificial light with wavelengths in the visible spectrum is released into the environment. 2019-01-09T09:05:35Z Lichtverschmutzung This form of pollution is typically the result of urbanisation or similar land use change. anthropogenic light pollution Lichtverschmutzung INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. 2019-01-09T09:07:24Z anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro radiation from a manufactured product An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. 2019-01-09T09:21:10Z optical radiation from a manufactured product visible spectrum radiation from a manufactured product Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. 2019-01-14T18:47:32Z congelation congelation process Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. material congelation process A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Land which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:18:19Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround frozen ground Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. frozen land Land which is below the freezing point of water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Soil which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:26:59Z frozen soil A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. 2019-01-31T21:13:16Z envoCryo envoPolar freezing A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. 2019-01-31T21:16:46Z freezing of water into water ice A water surface that is part of a water body. 2019-02-27T21:22:13Z surface layer of a water body An aggregate of raindrops falling to a planetary surface during a precipitation process. 2019-03-02T13:50:58Z rain Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process. 2019-03-02T13:52:48Z water-based rain An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. 2019-03-05T17:40:44Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biome-categories/terrestrial-ecoregions terrestrial ecoregion A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea. 2019-03-06T01:22:01Z envoMarine envoPlastics At this level, the depth of this layer is ambiguous. Some methods (telemetry) measure only the first few centimeters of the sea or ocean surface. In situ methods often sample the first few meters. Subclasses can be created for such cases. Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. sea surface layer A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass. 2019-03-19T16:31:41Z Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. water current A layer which is part of a cryosphere. 2019-04-09T13:05:25Z envoPolar cryospheric layer Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. 2019-04-09T13:45:40Z ice-bearing permafrost A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. 2019-04-24T18:29:18Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved. snow accumulation process A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:48:53Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:59:45Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow and ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. 2019-04-24T19:08:03Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation mass of ice and snow A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. 2019-05-30T21:07:51Z atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. 2019-06-02T07:52:47Z gaseous part of an atmosphere A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure. 2019-06-02T11:07:47Z amorphous solid An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. 2019-06-03T12:24:09Z atmospheric aerosol A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. 2019-06-24T13:43:29Z aerosol formation process A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. 2019-08-20T08:28:42Z fluid surface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-07-22T17:29:44Z fluid interface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. 2019-07-22T17:35:08Z fluid layer A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. 2019-07-22T17:43:32Z fluid front A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. 2019-07-22T17:50:08Z gaseous front 2 A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. 2019-07-22T17:57:21Z meteorological front envoAtmo This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." weather front A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. 2019-08-20T07:54:32Z envoAtmo air mass A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. 2019-08-20T08:30:01Z gaseous surface layer A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-08-20T09:28:10Z interface layer An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material 2019-08-20T09:38:29Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of environmental material An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material 2019-08-20T09:41:27Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of solid material An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. 2019-08-20T09:42:35Z fluid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of fluid An object which is composed primarily of a gas. 2019-08-20T09:44:01Z gaseous mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of gas An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. 2019-08-20T09:45:03Z liquid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of liquid 2 An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. 2019-08-20T09:47:10Z mass of compounded environmental materials A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. 2019-08-20T13:46:42Z envoAtmo envoPolar polar front A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. 2019-08-20T13:58:38Z tropical environment An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. 2019-08-20T14:50:35Z subtropical environment An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T14:53:26Z polar environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T16:37:32Z subpolar environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T16:41:52Z temperate environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions. An advective transport process during which a fluid moves. 2019-09-05T05:47:26Z mass fluid flow A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. 2019-09-05T06:04:47Z hurricane of the prairie plough winds thundergust straight-line wind A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. 2019-10-07T10:08:24Z This is a very general concept, and should likely be elevated to OBO Core rather than held in ENVO. structural collapse process A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. 2019-10-07T14:22:38Z subsurface zone of an astronomical body An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. 2019-10-17T08:21:08Z desert ecosystem A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. 2019-10-17T08:27:17Z part of a landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. 2019-10-17T08:31:26Z landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. 2019-10-17T08:36:00Z compound astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. 2019-10-21T10:42:26Z land A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. 2019-10-21T11:05:45Z aquatic ecosystem 2019-10-21T11:06:11Z marine ecosystem An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land. 2019-10-21T11:09:58Z terrestrial ecosystem A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:38:45Z tropical broadleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:42:38Z temperate broadleaf forest An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. 2019-10-21T11:52:55Z ecosystem process A mixed forest which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T15:52:50Z temperate mixed forest A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:02:01Z tropical mixed forest A tropical mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. 2019-10-27T16:05:39Z wwfBiome tropical mixed forest biome A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:43:20Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. tropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:45:16Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. subtropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:46:49Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. temperate forest A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:58:09Z tropical grassland A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subtropical grassland 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z temperate grassland A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. 2019-10-29T14:50:34Z construction An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. 2019-10-29T15:02:58Z organic object An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. 2023-09-07T13:10:32Z ecological succession An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. 2023-09-07T13:35:09Z climactic ecological succession An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact. 2023-09-07T16:56:05Z anthropised ecosystem An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions. 2023-09-07T16:58:25Z human settlement A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:56:17Z tropical biome A biome which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:04Z temperate biome A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:36Z subtropical biome A biome which is subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:58:56Z subpolar biome A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T15:59:35Z alpine biome A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T16:00:33Z montane biome A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. 2019-11-06T16:06:47Z arid biome A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. 2020-02-13T13:34:28Z energy transfer process A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. 2020-05-18T14:39:20Z liquid accumulation process An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. 2020-05-19T21:47:51Z gust According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. wind gust An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere. 2020-05-19T22:51:38Z envoAtmo envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:16:23Z geographic feature The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface. surface landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:40:37Z Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it. landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water. water-holding capacity A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. grain particle A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. clay particle The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of clay A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. convective transport process A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. convective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. advective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. diffusion Diffusion is also applied to the movement of energy, thus the more specific label. This class will be repositioned (but with the core of its definition intact) if we include other forms of diffusion in ENVO. material diffusion process A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. coal A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. iron mine uranium mine a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. ore Ore which contains uranium. The primary uranium ore mineral is uraninite uranium ore iron ore gold ore platinum ore Dust which is derived from coal. coal dust Dust which is derived from mineral material. mineral dust Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material. metallic dust cement dust Dust which is derived from clay material. clay dust dust from plant parts A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. open-pit mine A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. nuclear reactor A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. power reactor nuclear power reactor A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. fluid fluid environmental material An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/940 A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. environmental system process A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. desertification A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. environmental_hazards flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301 A process which occurs within an atmosphere. This class will be populated by inference and is primarily organisational. atmospheric process A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This could include, for example, reducing soil health, pollinator activity, or an ecosystem's ability to sequester carbon. land degradation A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/desert/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. Prior to afforestation, the land cover of a region must not include forests. afforestation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/167 An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. clearance clearing deforestation An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/2036 To be populated through inference. Do not use for annotation. forest process forest area expansion A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process. Relabel the obo foundry unique label to be generic process anthropogenic modulatory intervention process An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. envoPolar planetary erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. This classes asserted subclasses will be moved away as it should be an inferred class. hydrological process A planned process during which human agents establish plant communities in ecosystems which have previously been, partially or wholly, stripped of existing plant communities. planned revegetation An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. pollution environmental_hazards Pollutants may be material or immaterial (e.g. heat energy) environmental pollution An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air. environmental_hazards envoPolar air pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. environmental_hazards envoPolar soil pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water. environmental_hazards envoPolar water pollution An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed. monitoring environmental monitoring A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated. pollution prevention pollution control A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution. envoPolar pollution monitoring A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar compaction process A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaction A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process. material accumulation process A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material transport process A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. The general semantics of depression and geographic basin are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar geographic basin A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar soot Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 marine sediments envoPolar Particles of marine sediment are primarily generated by 1) processes in terrestrial systems and transported to the marine realm by the action of rivers or aeolian processes (amongst other routes) , 2) marine organisms, 3) chemical processes in seawater, or 4) cosmogeneous input. marine sediment Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar sedimentation in a water body A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. material transformation process A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar desublimation of water vapour into ice A solid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. Place holder class. Also the axiom should be changed to something along the lines of 'primairly composed of’ some ‘environmental material’ and ‘has quality’ frozen once PATO:frozen is imported. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar cryoform A mass of snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 accumulation of snow snow accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation envoPolar snow mass A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acid rainfall A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain Water-based rain which has increased acidity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acidic water-based rain Water-based rain which has increased acidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. For the moment the definition links to liquid water but in the future we might need to link to other materials for other planets, e.g., Mars. Need to make this planet agnostic. Might want to not have the definition link to years as some astronomical body parts might not be in systems with years. Note that in a strict sense, rocks are also frozen but in a practical sense we use terms like "solidified". This maybe something to revist if we add more astrogelogical content. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] A human construction in which healthcare is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z health facility medical facility healthcare facility A human construction in which healthcare is provided. A human construction specially designed for a specific purpose. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z facility A human construction specially designed for a specific purpose. Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. 2020-08-03T18:32:42Z radioactive material Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. https://www.ehs.iastate.edu/research/radiation/radioactive-materials A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake snow crystal A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake Snow crystals and snowflakes are often noted as synonyms, however, the term "snowflake" is generally used more loosely. Some sites mention that snow crystals refer to individual crystals of ice, while the term "snowflake" can refer both to an individual crystal of ice and to a bundle of snow crystals. Please see here [https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/998#issuecomment-685649444] Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1102 for a possible design pattern. Uses undesirability standard, compared to polluted river's ecological impact standard. What is the relation to ENVO:00002114 'chemically enriched sediment'? Does 'element' in the definition refer to something found in the periosic table (like selenium) or the member of some set, aka an entity? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z chemically contaminated sediment Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. Getting an example of use could be helpful. Are some environmental samples collected from the outside of a pipe or its fittings? Or taken from inside the pipe? Removing "transport" from the label may make the labels of sublasses more readable. However, "pipeline" alone could mean several unrelated things, like software pipelines. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-pipelines.php uses the term "pipeline network". ALSO could this be a transport feature? Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1111. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z Pipeline networks typically materials either from 1) a production area to a market area for consumption, 2) a production area to an area for waste disposal. pipeline network A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. not placing under 'pond' class becasue contents may not be primarily be composed of water. consider revising 'pond' semantics 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z tailings pond A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil. 2019-03-14T21:13:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in soil The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air. 2019-03-14T21:24:04Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in air The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater. 2019-03-14T21:35:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. 2019-04-05T00:53:06Z envoNceas soil organic matter Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. 2019-04-12T17:35:13Z envoNceas soil surface layer A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage compacted soil A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage A layer that is composed primarily of soil. soil layer Texture which inheres in soil. 2021-12-26T21:49:12Z soil texture Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. soil water-holding capacity water-holding capacity of soil Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. The concentration of a clay when measured in soil. soil clay concentration concentration of clay in soil The concentration of a slit when measured in soil. soil slit concentration concentration of slit in soil The concentration of a sand when measured in soil. soil sand concentration concentration of sand in soil The concentration of a liquid water when measured in soil. soil liquid water concentration soil moisture content soil water content concentration of liquid water in soil The concentration of a salt when measured in soil. soil salt concentration concentration of salt in soil The concentration of a soil organic matter when measured in soil. soil soil organic matter concentration concentration of soil organic matter in soil The temperature of some environmental material. environmental material temperature temperature of environmental material The temperature of some air. air temperature temperature of air The quality of a environmental system process. quality of environmental system process environmental system process quality The porosity of some soil. soil porosity porosity of soil The composition of some soil. soil composition composition of soil The structure of some soil. soil structure structure of soil The acidity of some soil. soil acidity soil pH acidity of soil The temperature of some soil. soil temperature temperature of soil The wetness of some soil. soil wetness wetness of soil The temperature of some water. water temperature temperature of water The humidity of some soil. soil humidity humidity of soil The composition of some water. water composition composition of water The porosity of some snow. snow porosity porosity of snow The porosity of some water ice. water ice porosity porosity of water ice The generation of energy for use by humans 2018-11-03T20:02:04Z anthropogenic generation of energy 2018-11-03T20:04:34Z generation of energy from coal A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. 2018-11-03T20:22:18Z Consider replacing with PATO class; note that PATO class is not a disposition. This should likely go into OBO Core and also have a physicist look at it. energy Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. 2018-11-03T20:24:50Z potential energy Energy which is realised through motion. 2018-11-03T20:25:57Z kinetic energy Energy which is the sum of 1) kinetic energy and 2) potential energy. 2018-11-03T20:26:08Z mixed potential and kinetic energy potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions). 2018-11-03T20:28:07Z nuclear energy Potential energy which is stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation. 2018-11-03T20:29:21Z radiant energy Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles. 2018-11-03T20:30:20Z A form of disordered mechanical energy. thermal energy Thermal energy which propagates through a solid (typically rocky) astronomical body. 2018-11-03T20:47:30Z Often, this term is used specifically for thermal energy spreading from heat sources (e.g. magma chambers, the planetary core) within the Earth. However, it is also used for extraterrestrial bodies. geothermal energy 2018-11-03T20:48:18Z stellar radiation energy A power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity. 2018-11-03T21:00:37Z fossil fuel power plant 2018-11-03T21:01:16Z coal power plant 2018-11-03T21:14:06Z solar power station 2018-11-03T21:15:52Z OTEC power plant OTEC power station ocean thermal power station 2018-11-03T21:21:48Z tidal power plant An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. anatomical entity environment integumental system environment The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water. liquid water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in liquid water The acidity of some water. water acidity acidity of water The concentration of dioxygen when measured in sea water. sea water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in sea water The concentration of oxygen when measured in soil. soil oxygen concentration concentration of oxygen in soil The concentration of iron molecular entity when measured in soil. soil iron molecular entity concentration concentration of iron molecular entity in soil The concentration of sodium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil sodium molecular entity concentration concentration of sodium molecular entity in soil The concentration of organic molecular entity when measured in soil. soil organic molecular entity concentration concentration of organic molecular entity in soil An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event. 2010-09-21T02:43:50Z exposure_stressor ExO:0000000 exposure stressor An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event. CTD:curators An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stimulus during an exposure event. cmattin 2010-09-21T02:45:36Z exposure receptor exposure target exposure_recipient ExO:0000001 exposure recipient An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stimulus during an exposure event. CTD:curators An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. cmattin 2010-09-21T02:47:00Z exposure_event ExO:0000002 exposure event An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. CTD:curators The earth, all of the organisms living on it, and all of the environmental factors, which act on the organisms. The volume of area where biological matter can exist, slightly above, on or below ground level. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:26:27Z exposure_receptor ExO:0000030 ecosphere The earth, all of the organisms living on it, and all of the environmental factors, which act on the organisms. The volume of area where biological matter can exist, slightly above, on or below ground level. XCTD:curators MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:27:26Z ExO:0000032 anthrosphere exposure_receptor ExO:0000031 biosphere MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats. GOC:hjd An exposure_receptor that is a group of Homo sapiens inhabiting a given area. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:28:02Z exposure_receptor ExO:0000033 human population An exposure_receptor that is a group of Homo sapiens inhabiting a given area. CTD:curators The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency). cmattin 2011-01-10T09:29:51Z human_attribute ExO:0000038 health status The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency). CTD:curators Being or characteristic of a single thing or person. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:30:56Z exposure_receptor ExO:0000042 human individual Being or characteristic of a single thing or person. CTD:curators An attribute describing some aspect of an individual or human population. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:30:27Z human_attribute ExO:0000089 human attribute An attribute describing some aspect of an individual or human population. CTD:curators How long something or someone has existed; elapsed time since birth. cgrondin 2017-04-06T03:47:29Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/pages/concept_details.jsf?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=16.07d&code=C25150&ns=null&type=properties&key=null&b=1&n=0&vse=null human_attribute aged chronological age postnatal age ExO:0000102 age Other conditions with the power to have an effect on health status. cgrondin 2017-04-06T03:47:29Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/pages/concept_details.jsf?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=16.07d&code=C121660&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&type=properties&key=n821927297&b=1&n=0&vse=null health_status Influence ExO:0000103 influencing factor The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female. cgrondin 2017-04-06T03:47:29Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/pages/concept_details.jsf?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=16.07d&code=C28421&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&type=properties&key=n1987444752&b=1&n=0&vse=null human_attribute gender ExO:0000110 sex A sequence feature (continuous extent of biological sequence) that is of genomic origin (i.e. carries sequence from the genome of a cell or organism) This class was created largely as a modeling convenience to support organizing data for schema definitions. We may consider obsoleting it if it ends up causing confusion or complicating classification of terms in the ontology. 1. A feature being 'of genomic origin' here means only that its sequence has been located to the genome of some organism by alignment with some reference genome. This is because the sequence was originally identified in, or artificially created to replicate, sequence from an organism's genome. 2. The location of a genomic feature is defined by start and end coordinates based on alignment with a reference genome. Genomic features can span any size from a complete chromosome, to a chromosomal band or region, to a gene, to a single base pair or even junction between base pairs (this would be a sequence feature with an extent of zero). 3. As sequence features, instances of genomic features are identified by both their inherent *sequence* and their *position* in a genome - as determined by an alignment with some reference sequence. Accordingly, the 'ATG' start codon in the coding DNA sequence of the human AKT gene and the 'ATG' start codon in the human SHH gene represent two distinct genomic features despite having he same sequence, in virtue of their different positions in the genome. genomic feature 1. The set of all alleles at a particular location in a genome (a 'single locus complement') - e.g. {APOE-epsilon2 / APOE-epsilon4} at the APOE locus 2. The set of all alleles that comprise a haplotype - e.g. the SNPs {rs7412-T, rs429358-T} in the APOEɛ2 allele. 3. The set of all chromosomes in a genome - e.g. {human Chr1, 2, 3, . . . 22, X, Y} A set of sequence features. 'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'mathematical sets'. Sets may also include duplicates (i.e. contain more than one member representing the same feature). The notion of a 'complement' is a special case of a set, where the members necessarily comprise an exhaustive collection of all objects that make up some well-defined set. It is useful for defining many biologically-relevant sets of sequence features. For example, a 'haplotype' is the set of all genetically-linked alleles on a single chromosomal strand at a defined location - e.g. the SNP alleles {rs7412-C, rs429358-C} comprise the haplotype defining the APOEɛ4 gene allele [1]. And a 'single locus complement' is the set of all alleles at a specified location in a particular genome - e.g. the APOEɛ4 and APOEɛ4 gene alleles ([1], [2]) that make up the 'Gs270' APOE genotype [3]. [1] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/APOE-%CE%B54 [2] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/APOE-%CE%B52 [3] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Gs270 sequence feature set A set of genomic features (i.e. sequence features that are of genomic origin). In some cases there may be zero or only one member of such a complement, which is why this class is not defened to necessarily have some 'genomic feature' as a member. genomic locus complement A genomic feature is any located sequence feature in the genome, from a single nucleotide to a gene into an entire chromosome. 'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member - e.g. the set of chromosomes that make up the human genome. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'mathematical sets'. For example, a 'single locus complement' at an X-linked locus in a XY male will consist of only one allele, as there is only one X-chromosome in the genome. Note also that sets may contain duplicates (i.e. more than one member representing the same feature). For example, a homozygous 'single locus complement' is a set comprised of two of the same feature. The notion of a 'genomic feature set' differs from that of a 'genomic sequence set' in that we are counting how many copies of the same *sequence feature* exist in a genome, as opposed to how many of the same *sequence*. 'Genomic feature sets are useful for representing things like 'single locus complements', where members are sequence features whose identity is dependent on their location. By contrast, 'genomic sequence sets' are useful for describing things like 'copy number complements', which are concerned only with how many copies of a sequence exist in a genome, regardless of the location where these reside. genomic feature set A sequence feature or a set of such features. sequence feature or collection GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic position if the sequence (aligns with definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material bearing the feature, extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic position. For example, its being targeted by gene knockdown reagents, its being transgenically expressed in a foreign cell from a recombinant expression construct, its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern, or its being located in a specific cellular or anatomical location. sequence feature or set A linear ordering of units representing monomers of a biological macromolecule (e.g. nucleotides in DNA and RNA, amino acids in polypeptides). GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern). biomacromolecular sequence state VMC:State 'Sequences' differ from 'sequence features' in that instances are distinguished only by their inherent ordering of units, and not by any positional aspect related to alignment with some reference sequence. Accordingly, the 'ATG' translational start codon of the human AKT gene is the same *sequence* as the 'ATG' start codon of the human SHH gene, but these represent two distinct *sequence features* in virtue of their different positions in the genome. biological sequence true state In the VMC model, the notion of a GENO:biological sequence is called the 'state' of an allele. A sequence feature (or collection of features) whose identity is dependent on the context or state of its material bearer (in addition to its sequence an position). This context/state describes factors external to its inherent sequence and position that can influences its expression, such as being targeted by gene-knockdown reagents, or an epigenetic modification. qualified sequence feature or collection Consider wild-type zebrafish shha gene in the context of being targeted by morpholino MO-1 vs morpholino MO-2 in separate experiments. These shha genes share identical sequence and position, but represent distinct instances of a 'qualified sequence feature' because of their different external contexts. This is important because these qualified features could have distinct phenotypes associated with them (just as two different sequence variants (alleles) of the same gene can have potentially different associated phenotypes). A qualified sequence feature that carries sequence derived from the genome of a cell or organism. qualified genomic feature true This axiom is an initial attempt to formalize the identity criteria of an extrinnsic context that separates qualified sequence features from sequence features (i.e. the context of its material bearer). As we further develop our efforts here this will get refined and more precise. true Formalizes one identity criteria of the sequence feature component of a qualified sequence feature (which itself is identified by its sequence and its genomic position). A set of qualified sequence features that carry genomic sequence. Because there are cases there may be zero or only one member of such a set, this class is not asserted to necessarily have some 'qualified genomic feature' as a member. A 'complement' refers to an exhaustive collection of all objects that make up some well-defined set. This notion is useful for defining biologically-relevant sets of sequence features. For example, a haplotype is defined as the set of all genetically-linked alleles on a single chromosomal strand at a defined location - e.g. the SNP alleles {rs7412-C, rs429358-C} comprise the haplotype defining the APOEɛ4 gene allele. A complements may contain 0, 1, or more than one members. For example, the complement of alleles at a defined locus across homologous chromosomes in an individual's genome will consist of two members for autosomal locations, and one member for non-homologous locations on the X and Y chromosome. qualified genomic feature set The location of a sequence feature as defined by its start and end position on some reference coordinate system. 1. A sequence feature location is defined by its begin and end coordinates on a reference sequence, but it is not identified by a particular sequence that may reside there. The same location, as defined on a particular reference, may be occupied by different sequences in the genome of organism 1 vs that of organism 2 (e.g. if a SNV exists within this location in only one of the organisms). 2. The notion of a sequence feature location in the realm of biological sequences is analogous to a BFO:spatiotemporal region in the realm of physical entities. A spatiotemporal region can be 'occupied by' physical objects, while a genomic location is 'occupied by' sequence features. Just as a spatiotemporal region is distinct from an object that occupies it, so too a genomic location is distinct from a sequence feature that occupies it. As a more concrete example, consider the distinction between a street address and the building that occupies it as analogous to the relationship between a genomic locus and the sequence feature that resides there. sequence feature location true An generically dependent continuant that carries biological sequence that is part of or derived from a genome. An abstract/organizational class to support data modeling, that includes genomic features, genomic feature complements, qualified genomic features and their complements, as well as genotypes that denote such entities. genomic entity The location of a sequence feature in a genome, defined by its start and end position on some reference genomic coordinate system In GENO, the notion of a Genomic Location (aka Genomic Locus) plays the same role as that of a FALDO:Region in the design pattern for describing the location of a feature of interest. We define this specific GENO class because the ontological nature of FALDO:Region class is not clear in the context of the BFO and SO-based GENO model. We will work to resolve these questions and ideally converge these concepts in the future. We don't link a Genomic Location to a specific reference sequence because in the FALDO model (which GENO adopts with the exception of swapping GENO:Genomic Locus for FALDO:Region), allows the start and end positions of a region to be defined on separate reference sequences. So while a given Location is conceptually associated with a single reference, in practice it can be pragmatic to define start and stop on different references sequences. In practice, GENO advocates describing biology at the level of genomic features - i.e. define specific terms for genes as genomic features, and not duplicate representation of the loci where each gene resides. So we might define a class representing the human Shh gene as a 'genomic feature', but not parallel this with a 'human Shh gene locus' class. The utility of the 'genomic locus' class in the ontology is primarily to be clear about the distinction, but we would only use it in modeling data if absolutely needed. For example, we would define an 'HLA gene block' as a subclass of 'genomic feature', and assert that HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes are part/subsequences of this HLA gene block (as opposed to modeling this as an 'HLA locus' and asserting that the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes occupy this locus). genomic location genomic locus VMC:Location 1. A genomic location (aka locus) is defined by its begin and end coordinates on a reference genome, independent of a particular sequence that may reside there. In GENO, we say that a genomic location is occupied_by a 'sequence feature' - where the identity of this feature depends on both it sequence, and its location in the genome (i.e. the locus it occupies). For example, the 'ATG' sequence beginning the ORF of the human SHH gene shares the *same sequence* as the 'ATG' beginning the ORF of the human AKT gene. But these are *distinct sequence features* because they occupy different genomic locations. 2. A given genomic location (e.g. the human SHH gene locus) may be occupied by different alleles (e.g. different alleles of the SHH gene). Within the genome of a single diploid organism, there is potential for two alleles to exist at such a locus (i.e. two different versions of the SHH gene). And across genomes of all members of a species, many more alleles of the SHH gene may exist and occupy this same locus. 3. The notion of a genomic location in the realm of biological sequences is analogous to a BFO:spatiotemporal region in the realm of physical entities. A spatiotemporal region can be occupied_by physical objects, while a genomic location is occupied_by sequence features. Just as a spatiotemporal region is distinct from an object that occupies it, so too a genomic locus is distinct from a sequence feature that occupies it. As a more concrete example, consider the distinction between a street address and the building that occupies it as analogous to the relationship between a genomic location and the feature that resides there. genomic feature location true A material entity that is an organism, derived from an organism, or composed of organisms (e.g. a cell line, biosample, tissue culture, population, etc). useful organizational term to collect entities that have genomes/genotypes. organismal entity Consider wild-type zebrafish shha gene in the context of being targeted by morpholino MO-1 vs morpholino MO-2 in separate experiments. These shha genes share identical sequence and position, but represent distinct instances of a 'qualified sequence feature' because of their different external contexts. This is important because these qualified features could have distinct phenotypes associated with them (just as two different sequence variants (alleles) of the same gene can have potentially different associated phenotypes). A sequence feature whose identity is additionally dependent on the context or state of the material sequence molecule in which the feature is concretized. This context/state describes factors external to the feature's intrinsic sequence and position that can influences its expression, such as being targeted by gene-knockdown reagents, or an epigenetic modification. GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical state or context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern). Modeling sequence entities at this 'qualified' level is useful for distinguishing cases where features with identical sequence and position as separate instances - based on their material bearers being found in different contexts. For example, consider a situation where the zebrafish shha gene (a sequence feature) is targeted in two experimental groups of fish by two different morpholinos, and phenotypes are assessed for each. We want to be able to represent two 'variants' of the shha gene in this scenario as separate 'qualified sequence feature' instances so we can capture data about the phenotypes resulting from each - just as we would separately represent to different sequence variants (alleles) of the shha gene at the sequence feature level so that we can track their associated phenotypes. qualified sequence feature A set of qualified seqeunce features. 'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'matehmatical sets'. qualified sequence feature set A biolocical sequence, or set of such sequences. biological sequence or collection biological sequence or set A biological sequence that is of genomic origin (i.e. carries sequence from the genome of a cell or organism). A sequence being 'of genomic origin' here means only that it has been located to the genome of some organism by alignment with some reference genomic sequence. This is because the sequence was originally identified in, or artificially created to replicate, sequence from an organism's genome. genomic sequence molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. This is the same as GO molecular function molecular function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. gene product or complex activity molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GOC:pdt catalytic activity Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. catalytic activity RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity cellular_component A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). cellular_component Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GO:0055134 cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. GO:0055132 DNA metabolism cellular DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. ISBN:0198506732 The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. Reactome:R-HSA-73894 Wikipedia:DNA_repair biological_process GO:0006281 DNA repair The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. PMID:11563486 Reactome:R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26810 biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24775 GO:0034984 response to DNA damage stimulus cellular DNA damage response cellular response to DNA damage stimulus response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:0006974 DNA damage response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GOC:go_curators A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological process biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism transforms chemical substances. This includes including anabolism (biosynthetic process) and catabolism (catabolic process). Metabolic processes includes the transformation of small molecules, as well macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, protein synthesis and degradation. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28932 jl 2012-10-17T15:46:40Z GO:0044236 GO:0044710 Reactome:R-HSA-1430728 Wikipedia:Metabolism metabolism biological_process GO:0008152 Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. metabolic process A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism transforms chemical substances. This includes including anabolism (biosynthetic process) and catabolism (catabolic process). Metabolic processes includes the transformation of small molecules, as well macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, protein synthesis and degradation. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198547684 Reactome:R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. jl 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z GO:0008151 GO:0044763 GO:0050875 cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance biological_process single-organism cellular process GO:0009987 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines protein-containing complex A ribosome is a protein complex. A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. This is not covalently bonded, which conflicts with changes to the parent definition. protein complex protein-containing complex Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26810 Reactome:R-HSA-2262752 biological_process GO:0033554 cellular response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Reactome:R-HSA-2262752 Cellular responses to stress The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 GO:0034960 GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process macromolecule metabolism organismal macromolecule metabolism multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process biological_process GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 Wikipedia:Primary_metabolite primary metabolism biological_process GO:0044238 primary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. GOC:go_curators Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle. virion component Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 physiological response to stimulus biological_process GO:0050896 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. Reactome:R-HSA-8953897 biological_process GO:0051716 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl Reactome:R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26133 https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27052 tb 2010-04-07T10:18:47Z biological_process GO:0090304 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. GOC:dph GOC:tb A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Components are larger than individual macromolecular entities. It is tricky to define distinction between 'cell component' and 'macromolecular entity', e.g. ribosome. We would like to exclude most protein complexes. Overlaps with some cellular components from GO cellular anatomical entity measurement unit label Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term. 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot measurement unit label objective specification In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction. A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed." 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that. Answers the question, why did you do this experiment? PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Barry Smith PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel goal specification OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch OBI_0000217 objective specification Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n GROUP: IAO 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. datum label software Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178 PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Melanie Courtot GROUP: OBI software information carrier In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case. A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content 12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'. 2014-03-10: We are not certain that all information carriers are qualities. There was a discussion of dropping it. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy information carrier data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data data item information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. an information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). Pier: 'data, information or knowledge'. OR 'representation' information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 information content entity information content entity scalar measurement datum A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label. scalar measurement datum directive information entity An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters directive information entity dot plot Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H. A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000123 group:OBI dot plot graph A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson Lister OBI_0000240 group:OBI graph algorithm PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies. A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. Philippe Rocca-Serra PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI_0000270 adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg) algorithm curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification source code module The written source code that implements part of an algorithm. Test - if you know that it was written in a specific language, then it can be source code module. We mean here, roughly, the wording of a document such as a perl script. A source code module is a directive information entity that specifies, using a programming language, some algorithm. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000039 group:OBI source code module data format specification A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file 2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file" PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived OBI_0000187 data format specification data set Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves). A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000042 group:OBI data set image An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000030 group:OBI image data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg ontology metadata data about an ontology part data about an ontology part plan specification PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved Alan Ruttenberg Clint Dowland OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them plan specification https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/231#issuecomment-1010455131 measurement datum A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. measurement datum material information bearer A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier. a brain a hard drive A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. GROUP: IAO material information bearer histogram A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI histogram heatmap A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI heatmap dendrogram Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes. A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrogram dendrogram scatter plot Comparison of gene expression values in two samples can be displayed in a scatter plot A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot scattergraph WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterplot scatter plot obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification figure Any picture, diagram or table An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter figure diagram A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space. A figure that expresses one or more propositions PERSON: Lawrence Hunter diagram document A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole PERSON: Lawrence Hunter document length measurement datum A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality length measurement datum denotator type The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type documenting Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database. A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it. 6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape Bjoern Peters wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting documenting GC_ID:1 PMID:30365038 PMID:32761142 ncbi_taxonomy all NCBITaxon:1 root all Viruses Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for imports of virus types from relevant ontologies or terminologies. Viruses Teleostomi Euteleostomi bony vertebrates bony vertebrates Euteleostomi GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms biota Dipnotetrapodomorpha Boreotheria Boreoeutheria Bacteria eubacteria eubacteria Bacteria (ex Cavalier-Smith 1987) Bacteria Woese et al. 2024 Bacteriobiota Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae Archaea Archaea Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires Anthropoidea Simiiformes ape apes Hominoidea Tetrapoda tetrapods tetrapods Tetrapoda Amniota amniotes amniotes Amniota Theria Theria <mammals> Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants Viridiplantae Opisthokonta GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals animals metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa Bilateria Bilateria deuterostomes Deuterostomia Haplorrhini Mammalia mammals mammals mammals Mammalia Eumetazoa chordates chordates Chordata Vertebrata <vertebrates> Vertebrata vertebrates Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <vertebrates> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> Sarcopterygii Craniata Craniata <chordates> eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria primate primates Primata primates Primates Catarrhini great apes Pongidae Hominidae humans Homo Homo sapiens human human being human Homo sapiens A quantitative confidence value that refers to an interval give values within which there is a high probability (95 percent by convention) that the true population value can be found. The calculation of a confidence interval considers the standard deviation of the data and the number of observations. Thus, a confidence interval narrows as the number of observations increases, or its variance (dispersion) decreases. Yongqun He WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/glossary-of-common-biostatistical-and-epidemiological-terms confidence interval 2 A data item that is more specifically a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. Person: Oliver He, Jie Zheng set of data sets WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics) data matrix 2 A data item that consists of two or more data sets that are produced as the output of a data transformation. Person: Oliver He, Jie Zheng set of transformed data sets transformed data matrix A data set that is produced as the output of a data transformation. Person: Jie Zheng, Oliver He transformed data set A data item that is produced as the output of a data transformation. Person: Jie Zheng, Oliver He transformed data item A categorical value specification that is used to record the destruction of an organism cells or tissues by the organisms' own enzymes or processes with nominal categories ranging from none to severe. Add instances 0-non, 1-slight, 2-moderate, 3-severe Person: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis, Jie Zheng OBIB NCI BBRB autolysis value specification A data item that contains the outcome of a survey. Alice Nzinga Mathias Brochhausen survey data A plan specification that is realized by process of gathering information (e.g. by asking questions). Alice Nzinga Mathias Brochhausen survey plan specification A planned process that realizes the concretization of a survey to generate an output(survey data.) survey execution A specimen that is normal. normal specimen A Homo sapiens who contributes specimen. Alice Nzinga Mathias Brochhausen sample donor specimen donor planned process planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for experimental techniques and processes, defined in GENO or imported from ontologies such as OBI and ERO. We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. Bjoern Peters branch derived 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) obsolete planned process planned process planned process true regulator role Fact sheet - Regulating the companies The role of the regulator. Ofwat is the economic regulator of the water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/aptrix/ofwat/publish.nsf/Content/roleofregulator_factsheet170805 a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders Person:Jennifer Fostel regulator OBI regulator role regulatory role Regulatory agency, Ethics committee, Approval letter; example: Browse these EPA Regulatory Role subtopics http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/enviregulatoryrole.html Feb 29, 2008 a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body. GROUP: Role branch OBI, CDISC govt agents responsible for creating regulations; proxies for enforcing regulations. CDISC definition: regulatory authorities. Bodies having the power to regulate. NOTE: In the ICH GCP guideline the term includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections. These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent regulatory role material supplier role Jackson Labs is an organization which provide mice as experimental material a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation. Supplier role is a special kind of service, e.g. biobank PERSON:Jennifer Fostel material provider role supplier material supplier role classified data set A data set that is produced as the output of a class prediction data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned class labels. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Monnie McGee data set with assigned class labels classified data set processed material Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg processed material investigation Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s). Bjoern Peters OBI branch derived Could add specific objective specification Could add specific objective specification Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding "achieves objective of drawing conclusion" as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core editor = PRS Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding achieves objective of drawing conclusion as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core editor = PRS study investigation evaluant role When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source. a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is) examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected") GROUP: Role Branch OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. evaluant role assay Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house. A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it. 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation. Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch measuring scientific observation OBI branch derived study assay any method assay quantitative confidence value A data item which is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty about a measurement. person:Chris Stoeckert group:OBI quantitative confidence value material processing A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra material transformation OBI branch derived material processing responsible party role he THERAPIST has the ability to print a separate statement for the patient and each responsible party. http://www.beaverlog.com/therapist/ez_support/billing/responsible_party_statements.htm a study personnel role played by a party who is accountable for the execution of a study component and can make decisions about the conduct of the study Person: Jennifer Fostel responsible party OBI responsible party role principal investigator role a responsible party role played by a person responsible for the overall conduct of a study Person: Jennifer Fostel principal investigator CDISC definition: A person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site. If a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site, the investigator is the responsible leader of the team and may be called the principal investigator. 2. The individual principal investigator. 2. The individual under whose immediate direction the test article is administered or dispensed to, or used involving, a subject, or, in the event of an investigation conducted by a team of individuals, is See also sponsor-investigator.; Leiter der klinischen Prufung.Under the German Drug Law, the physician who is head of the clinical investigation (CDISC): coordinating investigator (CDISC) (also study coordinator, MUSC); sponsor-investigator. An individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to, dispensed to, or used by a subject.NOTE: The term does not include any person other than an individual, hence not a corporation, agency (CDISC) principal investigator role specimen role liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient. A role borne by a material entity that is obtained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by performing measurements or observations on the specimen. a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen. parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject. GROUP: Role Branch OBI specimen role investigation agent role The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress. A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing. Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen. Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) GROUP: Role Branch investigator OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. study person role Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) investigation agent role organization PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON: Susanna Sansone GROUP: OBI organization organization plan The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol. A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc. AR, BP, JM, MC, PRS branch derived plan protocol PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR. A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29) study protocol protocol interpreting data Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene. A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel Bjoern Peters drawing a conclusion based on data planning The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software. a process of creating or modifying a plan specification 7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters Plans and Planned Processes Branch planning light emission function A light emission function is an excitation function to excite a material to a specific excitation state that it emits light. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot light emission function excitation function A excitation function is a function to inject energy by bombarding a material with energetic particles (e.g., photons) thereby imbuing internal material components such as electrons with additional energy. These internal, 'excited' particles may lead to the rupturing of covalent chemical bonds or may quickly relax back to there unexcited state with an exponential time course thereby locally emitting energy in the form of photons. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot excitation function reverse transcriptase enzyme and has_function some GO:0003964 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity) person:Melanie Courtot group:OBI reverse transcriptase enzyme (protein or rna) or has_part (protein or rna) and has_function some GO:0003824 (catalytic activity) MC: known issue: enzyme doesn't classify under material entity for now as it isn't stated that anything that has_part some material entity is a material entity. If we add as equivalent classes to material entity has_part some material entity and part_of some material entity (each one in his own necessary and sufficient block) Pellet in P3 doesn't classify any more. person: Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI enzyme assay objective the objective to determine the weight of a mouse. an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role) PPPB branch PPPB branch assay objective regulatory agency The US Environmental Protection Agency A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector of the government. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator regulatory agency material transformation objective The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS. an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra artifact creation objective GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch material transformation objective manufacturing A planned process with the objective to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR This includes a single scientist making a processed material for personal use. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch manufacturing manufacturing objective is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device) PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch manufacturing objective study design execution injecting a mouse with PBS solution, weighing it, and recording the weight according to a study design. a planned process that carries out a study design a planned process that carries out a study design removed axiom has_part some (assay or 'data transformation') per discussion on protocol application mailing list to improve reasoner performance. The axiom is still desired. branch derived 6/11/9: edited at workshop. Used to be: study design execution is a process with the objective to generate data according to a concretized study design. The execution of a study design is part of an investigation, and minimally consists of an assay or data transformation. study design execution manufacturer role With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role. Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. GROUP: Role Branch OBI manufacturer role clustered data set A clustered data set is the output of a K means clustering data transformation A data set that is produced as the output of a class discovery data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned discovered class labels. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Monnie McGee data set with assigned discovered class labels AR thinks could be a data item instead clustered data set urine specimen a portion of urine collected from an organism 4/10/2011BP: It seems to me that the editor notes refer to a previous version, and are no longer relevant. This could be instead a kind of collection of secreted stuff. Among secreted stuff there is passive, and active. urine is secreted, passiv. lavage is secreted, active are we happy calling collection of urine a material separation? urine specimen blood specimen blood drawn from a human for glucose assay a material entity derived from a portion of blood collected from an organism Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters blood specimen specimen collection process drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation, collecting a stone from a site A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. A planned process with the objective to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input upon which measurements or observations are performed. Definition updated following discussion on 2024-10-07 OBI dev call. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role. Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process. label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/ Bjoern Peters specimen collection 5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession 6/9/09: used at workshop specimen collection process class prediction data transformation A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction. James Malone supervised classification data transformation PERSON: James Malone class prediction data transformation sample from organism a material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole 5/29: This is a helper class for now we need to work on this: Is taking a urine sample a material separation process? If not, we will need to specify what 'taking a sample from organism' entails. We can argue that the objective to obtain a urine sample from a patient is enough to call it a material separation process, but it could dilute what material separation was supposed to be about. sample from organism specimen collection objective The objective to collect bits of excrement in the rainforest. The objective to obtain a blood sample from a patient. A objective specification that is fulfilled by obtaining a material entity for potential use as an input upon which measurements or observations are performed. A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. OBI recommends against subclassing this term in order to avoid further parallel hierarchies between this term and specimen collection process. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters specimen collection objective support vector machine A support vector machine is a data transformation with a class prediction objective based on the construction of a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two data sets of vectors in n-dimensional space. James Malone Ryan Brinkman SVM PERSON: Ryan Brinkman support vector machine decision tree induction objective A decision tree induction objective is a data transformation objective in which a tree-like graph of edges and nodes is created and from which the selection of each branch requires that some type of logical decision is made. James Malone decision tree induction objective decision tree building data transformation A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction. James Malone PERSON: James Malone decision tree building data transformation GenePattern software a software that provides access to more than 100 tools for gene expression analysis, proteomics, SNP analysis and common data processing tasks. James Malone Person:Helen Parkinson WEB: http://www.broadinstitute.org/cancer/software/genepattern/ GenePattern software peak matching Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold James Malone Ryan Brinkman PERSON: Ryan Brinkman peak matching k-nearest neighbors A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned. James Malone k-NN PERSON: James Malone k-nearest neighbors CART A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure. James Malone classification and regression trees BOOK: David J. Hand, Heikki Mannila and Padhraic Smyth (2001) Principles of Data Mining. CART statistical model validation Using the expression levels of 20 proteins to predict whether a cancer patient will respond to a drug. A practical goal would be to determine which subset of the 20 features should be used to produce the best predictive model. - wikipedia A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. Helen Parkinson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_%28statistics%29 statistical model validation manufacturer A person or organization that has a manufacturer role A person or organization that has a manufacturer role. manufacturer pre-mortem specimen material obtained through a liver biopsy from a human patient a specimen that was taken from a live organism Bjoern Peters MO_705 premortem pre-mortem specimen post mortem specimen the spleen taken from a dead mouse a specimen that was taken from a dead organism Bjoern Peters MO_416 postmortem post mortem specimen cell specimen type of sample used in the PCIRN influenza network A specimen obtained by inserting a swab deeply into the vent of the cloaca of an organism and vigorously swabbing the wall. The swab should be deeply stained with fecal material and is then placed in transport medium. PERSON: Melanie Courtot WEB: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/EFD2B9A7-2265-4AD0-BC98-97937B4FA83C/0/manualonanimalaidiagnosisandsurveillance.pdf cloacal specimen nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen type of sample used in the PCIRN influenza network A specimen which derives from nasopharyngeal mucosa after aspiration. PERSON: Melanie Courtot WEB: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/EFD2B9A7-2265-4AD0-BC98-97937B4FA83C/0/manualonanimalaidiagnosisandsurveillance.pdf nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen nasal swab specimen type of sample used in the PCIRN influenza network A specimen obtained using a cotton swab on a stick, passed up the nostril to obtain a sample of exudate and epithelial debris for microbiological or cellular examination. PERSON: Melanie Courtot WEB: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/EFD2B9A7-2265-4AD0-BC98-97937B4FA83C/0/manualonanimalaidiagnosisandsurveillance.pdf nasal swab specimen service provider role Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer. is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person PERSON:Helen Parkinson service provider role processed specimen A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells. A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. processed specimen categorical label The labels 'positive' vs. 'negative', or 'left handed', 'right handed', 'ambidexterous', or 'strongly binding', 'weakly binding' , 'not binding', or '+++', '++', '+', '-' etc. form scales of categorical labels. The labels 'positive' vs. 'negative', or 'left handed', 'right handed', 'ambidexterous', or 'strongly binding', 'weakly binding' , 'not binding', or '+++', '++', '+', '-' etc. form scales of categorical labels. A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale. A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters categorical label device A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function. An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure. A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. 2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of "device", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform. 2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example: (1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part. (2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay. (3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel. In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay. PERSON: Helen Parkinson instrument OBI development call 2012-12-17. device obsolete device true dose An organism has been injected 1ml of vaccine A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses. dose questionnaire A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is)) PERSON: Jessica Turner Merriam-Webster questionnaire light emission device A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics) A device which has a function to emit light. Person:Helen Parkinson OBI light emission device X-ray source A device that is used to generate X-rays. PERSON: Erik Segerdell x-ray generator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_generator X-ray source cell specimen A specimen primarily composed of a cell or cells collected from a multicellular organism or a cell culture. Discussed on obi call Jan 23, 2017. To improve cell specimen that include single cell specimen. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/828 PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng, Alexander Diehl MO_612 cell cell specimen specimen from organism specimen from organism A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm). A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm). PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng tissue specimen tissue specimen MO_954 organism_part specimen from organism specimen from organism specimen with pre- or post-mortem status A specimen that has been established to be taken from a live (pre-mortem) or dead (post-mortem) organism. organizational term, used in description of specimen that is created from known pre- or post-mortem status PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng MO_84 OrganismStatus specimen with pre- or post-mortem status conclusion based on data The conclusion that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. The conclusion that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. The conclusion that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from pure mathematics, e.g. "13 is prime". An information content entity that is inferred from data. An information content entity that is inferred from data. In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate. Group:2013 Philly Workshop group Group:2013 Philly Workshop group conclusion based on data categorical value specification A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories PERSON:Bjoern Peters categorical value specification 1 1 scalar value specification A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label PERSON:Bjoern Peters scalar value specification value specification The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass. An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale. An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale. This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement. PERSON:Bjoern Peters value specification collection of specimens Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study. A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng OBIB, OBI Biobank collection of specimens single cell specimen A cell specimen that contains only one cell. Requested by Sirarat Sarntivijai (EBI). Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/828/ PERSON: Jie Zheng, Alexander Diehl PERSON: Jie Zheng, Alexander Diehl single cell specimen histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition G1:Well differentiated G4: Undifferentiated A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th Edition grading system. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Histologic Grade (Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System histologic grade for ovarian tumor A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a ovarian tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade for ovarian tumor histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors. A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a histological classification by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread colorectal primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread lung primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread kidney primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread ovarian primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread colon lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread colon lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread kidney lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread ovarian lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: colon distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: lung distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: kidney distant Metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: ovarian distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v7 staging systems. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Clinical tumor stage group (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Clinical FIGO stage NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the FIGO classification system. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Pathologic Tumor Stage Grouping for ovarian cancer (FIGO) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification performance status value specification A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Performance Status Scale https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_status NCI BBRB performance status value specification Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification A performance status value specification designed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group to assess disease progression and its affect on the daily living abilities of the patient. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis ECOG score NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification Karnofsky score vaue specification A performance status value specification designed for classifying patients 16 years of age or older by their functional impairment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Karnofsky Score NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB Karnofsky score vaue specification amniotic fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from amniotic fluid. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank amniotic fluid specimen bile specimen A specimen that is derived from bile. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank bile specimen cerebrospinal fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from cerbrospinal fluid. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank cerebrospinal fluid specimen feces specimen A specimen that is derived from feces. Chris Stoeckert stool specimen Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank feces specimen digestive system fluid or secretion specimen A specimen that is derived from digestive system fluid or secretion. Chris Stoeckert gastric fluid specimen Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank digestive system fluid or secretion specimen milk specimen A specimen that is derived from milk. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank milk specimen pericardial fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from pericardial fluid. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank pericardial fluid specimen saliva specimen A specimen that is derived from saliva. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank saliva specimen sputum specimen A specimen that is derived from sputum. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank sputum specimen sweat specimen A specimen that is derived from sweat. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank sweat specimen synovial fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from synovial fluid. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank synovial fluid specimen vitreous humor specimen A specimen that is derived from vireous humor. Chris Stoeckert vitreous fluid specimen Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank vitreous humor specimen bone marrow specimen A specimen that is derived from bone marrow. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank bone marrow specimen placenta specimen A specimen that is derived from placenta. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank placenta specimen peritoneal fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from peritoneal fluid. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank peritoneal fluid specimen pleural fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from pleural fluid. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank pleural fluid specimen brain specimen A specimen that is derived from brain. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB brain specimen hair specimen A specimen that is derived from hair. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB hair specimen prostate gland specimen A specimen that is derived from prostate gland. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB prostate gland specimen skeletal muscle tissue specimen A specimen that is derived from skeletal muscle. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB skeletal muscle tissue specimen heart specimen A specimen that is derived from heart. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB heart specimen renal medulla specimen A specimen that is derived from renal medulla. Chris Stoeckert kidney medulla specimen Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB renal medulla specimen adrenal gland specimen A specimen that is derived from adrenal gland. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB adrenal gland specimen breast specimen A specimen that is derived from breast. Chris Stoeckert mammary tissue specimen Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB breast specimen urinary bladder specimen A specimen that is derived from urinary bladder. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB urinary bladder specimen tibial artery specimen A specimen that is derived from tibial artery. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB tibial artery specimen skin of body specimen A specimen that is derived from skin. Chris Stoeckert skin specimen Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB skin of body specimen pancreas specimen A specimen that is derived from pancreas. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB pancreas specimen stomach specimen A specimen that is derived from stomach. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB stomach specimen pituitary gland specimen A specimen that is derived from pituitary gland. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB pituitary gland specimen adipose tissue specimen A specimen that is derived from adipose tissue. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB adipose tissue specimen cortex of kidney specimen A specimen that is derived from cortex of kidney. Chris Stoeckert kidney cortex specimen Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB cortex of kidney specimen esophagus mucosa specimen A specimen that is derived from esophagus mucosa. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB esophagus mucosa specimen colon specimen A specimen that is derived from colon. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB colon specimen lung specimen A specimen that is derived from lung. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB lung specimen esophagus muscularis mucosa specimen A specimen that is derived from esophagus muscularis mucosa. Chris Stoeckert esophagus muscularis specimen Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB esophagus muscularis mucosa specimen cerebral cortex specimen A specimen that is derived from cerebral cortex. Chris Stoeckert brain cortex specimen Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB cerebral cortex specimen thyroid gland specimen A specimen that is derived from thyroid gland. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB thyroid gland specimen cerebellum specimen A specimen that is derived from cerebellum. Chris Stoeckert brain cerebellum specimen Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB cerebellum specimen tibial nerve specimen A specimen that is derived from tibial nerve. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB tibial nerve specimen coronary artery specimen A specimen that is derived from coronary artery. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB coronary artery specimen spleen specimen A specimen that is derived from spleen. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB spleen specimen aorta specimen A specimen that is derived from aorta. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB aorta specimen atrial appendage specimen A specimen that is derived from the atrium auricular region. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB atrial appendage specimen esophagogastric junction specimen A specimen that is derived from the esophagogastric junction. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB esophagogastric junction specimen ileum specimen A specimen that is derived from ileum. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB ileum specimen liver specimen A specimen that is derived from liver. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB liver specimen minor salivary gland specimen A specimen that is derived from minor salivary gland. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB minor salivary gland specimen omentum specimen A specimen that is derived from omentum. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB omentum specimen ovary specimen A specimen that is derived from female gonad. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB ovary specimen sigmoid colon specimen A specimen that is derived from sigmoid colon. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB sigmoid colon specimen suprapubic skin specimen A specimen that is derived from suprapubic skin. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB suprapubic skin specimen testis specimen A specimen that is derived from testis. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB testis specimen uterus specimen A specimen that is derived from uterus. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB uterus specimen vagina specimen A specimen that is derived from vagina. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, NCI BBRB vagina specimen areolar swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of an areola of a breast. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB areolar swab specimen breast swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a breast. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB breast swab specimen cheek swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the cheek portion of the inside surface of a mouth. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB cheek swab specimen nasopharyngeal swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a nasopharynx. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB nasopharyngeal swab specimen oral swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the inside surface of a mouth. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB oral swab specimen oropharyngeal swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a oropharynx. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB oropharyngeal swab specimen rectal swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a rectum. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB rectal swab specimen tongue swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a tongue. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB tongue swab specimen vagina swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a vagina. Chris Stoeckert Chris Stoeckert, OBIB vagina swab specimen fecal swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a swab from the surface of a feces. Chris Stoeckert stool swab specimen Chris Stoeckert, OBIB fecal swab specimen arthropod meal of blood specimen A specimen used in a blood meal assay to determine what is the source of blood ingested by a mosquito. A specimen of the blood ingested by an arthropod. The mosquito feeds on a human for example, ingests the blood of the human, this blood is then taken from the tummy of a mosquito and a PCR may be run on this specimen to identify that the mosquito definitely fed on a human. Chris Stoeckert Jie Zheng blood meal VEuPathDB https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1117 VEuPathDB arthropod meal of blood specimen induced sputum specimen A sputum specimen that is collected from an organism following its inhalation of a nebulized salt solution. John Judkins PMC3297553 induced sputum specimen platelet-poor plasma specimen A blood plasma specimen that is the output of some platelet-poor plasma preparation and is the portion of plasma that contains fewer than 10,000 platelets per microliter. PERSON: Matthew Diller platelet-poor plasma specimen tracheal aspirate specimen A specimen that is collected with a suctioning tube from the trachea. Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 tracheal wash specimen PMID:25338241 tracheal aspirate specimen mid-turbinate nasal swab specimen A specimen that is collected with a mid-turbinate nasal swab from the turbinate area of the nasal cavity. Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 https://seattlechildrenslab.testcatalog.org/catalogs/185/files/11633 mid-turbinate nasal swab specimen nasal aspirate specimen A specimen that is collected with a suctioning tube from the nasal cavity. Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 nasal wash specimen nasopharyngeal aspirate Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 nasal aspirate specimen lower respiratory tract aspirate specimen A specimen that is collected with a suctioning tube from the lower respiratory tract. Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 lower respiratory tract wash specimen Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 lower respiratory tract aspirate specimen lower respiratory tract specimen A specimen that is derived from the lower respiratory tract. Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 lower respiratory tract specimen anterior nasal swab specimen A specimen that is derived from the anterior nasal wall Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 Asiyah Yu Lin ORCID:0000-0003-2620-0345 anterior nasal swab specimen endotracheal tube specimen A specimen that derives from a biofilm that forms on the inner surface of an endotracheal tube while the tube is in the trachea. The specimen is collected upon removal of the tube from the trachea. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-019-0926-3 endotracheal tube specimen endotracheal aspirate specimen A specimen that derives from a biofilm that forms on the inner surface of an endotracheal tube while the tube is in the trachea. The specimen is collected by suction without removing the tube. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-019-0926-3 endotracheal aspirate specimen altitude measurement datum A length measurement datum between a point at sea or ground level and some point above it. Chris Stoeckert Adapted from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/altitude altitude measurement datum material supplier A person or organization that provides material supplies to other people or organizations. A person or organization that provides material supplies to other people or organizations. Rebecca Jackson https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1289 material supplier blood specimen in vacutainer A blood specimen that is located in a vacutainer. John Judkins Vacutainer sample VEuPathDB blood specimen in vacutainer blood specimen on filter paper A blood specimen that is located on a filter paper. Chris Stoeckert Jie Zheng Filter paper sample Penn Group blood specimen on filter paper placental blood specimen A specimen that is derived from placental blood. John Judkins VEuPathDB placental blood specimen peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimen A processed specimen that is extracted from whole blood using gradient centrifugation that separates the blood into a layer of peripheral blood mononuclear cells under the top layer of plasma. It contains lymphocytes, monocytes or macrophages that are critical components in the immune system. Chris Stoeckert Jie Zheng PBMC specimen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cell peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimen lymph specimen A specimen that is derived from a portion of lymph collected from an organism. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 VEuPathDB lymph specimen digestive tract specimen A specimen that is derived from part of a digestive tract. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 VEuPathDB digestive tract specimen nasal lavage fluid A specimen collected through nasal cavity lavage that contains the reagents used to for the lavage process, organisms, cells, cellular secretions, and other biomaterials present in the nasal cavity space. Randi Vita Sebastian Duesing nasal lavage fluid albumin-free serum A blood serum specimen that contains no albumin. Sebastian Duesing https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/493 Philippe Rocca-Serra albumin-free serum lavage fluid specimen The collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) from the lungs of mice in order to study the cytokines present. A specimen obtained through a lavage process which includes fluid in addition to cells and/or cellular secretions. Sebastian Duesing https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1803 lavage fluid specimen oral lavage fluid A specimen collected through oral cavity lavage that contains the reagents used to for the lavage process, organisms, cells, cellular secretions, and other biomaterials present in the oral cavity space. Sebastian Duesing mouth rinse specimen https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1803 Anna Maria Masci oral lavage fluid blood plasma specimen PMID: 18217225.Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Jan;35(1):55-60. Review.Human immunodeficiency virus viral load in blood plasma and semen: review and implications of empirical findings. a material entity which corresponds to the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. 03/21/2010: BP, blood plasma is defined as the output of certain separation processes, so this is in the domain of OBI, not FMA. PERSON: Maura Gasparetto PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra plasma WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma blood plasma specimen blood serum specimen PMID: 18229666.Adv Med Sci. 2007;52 Suppl 1:204-6.Antioxidant activity of blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy. A material entity which derives from blood and corresponds to blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors. PERSON: Maura Gasparetto PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma blood serum specimen organism animal fungus plant virus A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI. Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for imports from NCBI Taxonomy. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism obsolete organism organism organism true specimen Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen. Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen; collecting a stone from a site. A material entity that has the specimen role. A material entity that is collected for potential use as an input upon which measurements or observations are performed. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch specimen bronchial alveolar lavage solution containing lung derived T cells, eosinophils, and TNFa. Group of biomaterials present in the bronchial aveolar space of an organism which are collected through lavage including the reagents used to for the lavage process, organisms, cells, and cellular secretions present in the bronchial aveolar space. PERSON: Bjoern Peters BAL GROUP: IEDB bronchial alveolar lavage data transformation The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value. A planned process that produces output data from input data. Elisabetta Manduchi Helen Parkinson James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra Richard Scheuermann Ryan Brinkman Tina Hernandez-Boussard data analysis data processing Branch editors data transformation leave one out cross validation method The authors conducted leave-one-out cross validation to estimate the strength and accuracy of the differentially expressed filtered genes. http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/368 is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data 2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893049&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person:Helen Parkinson leave one out cross validation method k-means clustering A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed). Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Philippe Rocca-Serra WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means k-means clustering hierarchical clustering A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root). James Malone WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_clustering#Hierarchical_clustering hierarchical clustering dimensionality reduction A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra data projection PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot dimensionality reduction principal components analysis dimensionality reduction A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra pca data reduction PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data visualization Generation of a heatmap from a microarray dataset A planned process with the objective to graphically represent some data by inputing the data and outputting images, diagrams or animations. An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Tina Boussard data encoding as image visualization PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Tina Boussard Possible future hierarchy might include this: information_encoding >data_encoding >>image_encoding data visualization data transformation objective normalize objective An objective specification to transformation input data into output data Modified definition in 2013 Philly OBI workshop James Malone PERSON: James Malone data transformation objective partitioning data transformation A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning. James Malone PERSON: James Malone partitioning data transformation partitioning objective A k-means clustering which has partitioning objective is a data transformation in which the input data is partitioned into k output sets. A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi partitioning objective class discovery data transformation A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery. James Malone clustering data transformation unsupervised classification data transformation PERSON: James Malone class discovery data transformation class discovery objective A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. James Malone clustering objective discriminant analysis objective unsupervised classification objective PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone class discovery objective class prediction objective A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. James Malone classification objective supervised classification objective PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone class prediction objective cross validation objective A cross validation objective is a data transformation objective in which the aim is to partition a sample of data into subsets such that the analysis is initially performed on a single subset, while the other subset(s) are retained for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis. James Malone rotation estimation objective WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_validation cross validation objective clustered data visualization A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type. A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type. James Malone clustered data visualization planned irradiation PMID: 18563778.Histological and modeling study of skin thermal injury to 2.0 mum laser irradiation.Lasers Surg Med. 2008 Jun 18;40(5):358-370. A planned process by which a material entity is exposed to radiative energy, which could be ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays, X-rays, charged particles or neutrons) or non-ionizing radiation (such as UV light or microwaves) Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiation) planned irradiation light source A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics). Light sources may include one of a variety of lamps (e.g., xenon, halogen, mercury). Most light sources are operated from line power, but some may be powered from batteries. They are mostly used in endoscopic, microscopic, and other examination and/or in surgical procedures. The light source is part of the optical subsystem. In a flow cytometer the light source directs high intensity light at particles at the interrogation point. The light source in a flow cytometer is usually a laser. Elizabeth M. Goralczyk John Quinn Olga Tchuvatkina Practical Flow Cytometry 4th Edition, Howard Shapiro, ISBN-10: 0471411256, ISBN-13: 978-0471411253 light source study design a matched pairs study design describes criteria by which subjects are identified as pairs which then undergo the same protocols, and the data generated is analyzed by comparing the differences between the paired subjects, which constitute the results of the executed study design. A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution. A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution. Editor note: there is at least an implicit restriction on the kind of data transformations that can be done based on the measured data available. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert experimental design rediscussed at length (MC/JF/BP). 12/9/08). The definition was clarified to differentiate it from protocol. study design lymph node cell specimen A cell specimen comprised of a mixed population of cells obtained by processing whole lymph node into individual cells, typically performed using a sieve. This population includes T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other cell types. IEDB IEDB lymph node cell specimen splenocyte specimen A cell specimen comprised of a mixed cell population obtained by processing whole spleen into individual cells, typically performed using a sieve or blender. This population includes T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other cell types. IEDB IEDB splenocyte specimen uterine cervix specimen A specimen that is derived from some uterine cervix Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 uterine cervix specimen urethra specimen A specimen that is derived from some urethra Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 urethra specimen cervical mucus specimen A specimen that is derived from some cervical mucus Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 cervical mucus specimen throat specimen A specimen that is derived from some throat Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 throat specimen eye specimen A specimen that is derived from some eye Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 eye specimen respiratory system specimen A specimen that is derived from some respiratory system Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 respiratory system specimen upper respiratory tract specimen A specimen that is derived from some upper respiratory tract Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 upper respiratory tract specimen nasopharynx specimen A specimen that is derived from some nasopharynx Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 nasopharynx specimen semen specimen A specimen that is derived from some semen Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 semen specimen bodily fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from some bodily fluid Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 bodily fluid specimen chorionic villus specimen A specimen that is derived from some chorionic villus Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 chorionic villus specimen meconium specimen A specimen that is derived from some meconium Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 meconium specimen umbilical cord blood specimen A specimen that is derived from some umbilical cord blood Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 umbilical cord blood specimen arterial blood specimen A specimen that is derived from some arterial blood Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 arterial blood specimen venous blood specimen A specimen that is derived from some venous blood Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 venous blood specimen capillary blood specimen A specimen that is derived from some capillary blood Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 capillary blood specimen erythrocyte specimen A specimen that is derived from some erythrocytes Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 erythrocyte specimen reticulocyte specimen A specimen that is derived from some reticulocytes Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 reticulocyte specimen leukocyte specimen A specimen that is derived from some leukocytes Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 leukocyte specimen A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. disorder An object aggregate all of whose components are human beings. An object aggregate all of whose components are human beings. collection of humans 2 An object aggregate that is not itself an organization and whose members are only organizations that have some feature in common William R. Hogan Amanda Hicks It is often convenient to group organizations together that otherwise might not even interact with one another. aggregate of organizations material entity role A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. composed of compositionality content structure, composition composition A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration concentration of A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced impenetrability toughness hardness A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). relational shape quality shape A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. temporal incidence occurrence A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. presence or absence in organism quantitative count in organism number presence amount A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. mass A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. location placement relational spatial quality position A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. conformation relational structural quality structure A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. texture A quality in which events occur in sequence. time An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. viability An age which is relatively high. old An age which is relatively low. young A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. firm impenetrable tough hard A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. plate-like flat A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. present in organism present An amount which is relatively high. increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary accessory increased increased amount A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped reduced small tiny decreased size A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. uninterrupted continuous An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. opacity A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent clouding cloudy opaque A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porosity A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porous A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. viscous A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width. elongated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. linear A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent process quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant physical object quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality A temperature which is relatively low. cold low temperature decreased temperature A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology. amorphous A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure. structured A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure. unstructured A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. dead A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base. medium acidity An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a high concentration of H+ ions. acidic A position which is relatively high. high position increased position A positional which is relatively low. low position decreased position A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction. sloped A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together. compact compressed squashed dense condensed A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. flexibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. stiff stiffness inflexible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality of a gas A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid A mass which is higher than normal or average. high mass large mass increased mass A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. curvature A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. osmolarity A osmolarity which is relatively high. high osmolarity increased osmolarity A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface. elevation An elevation which is relatively high. high elevation elevated increased elevation An elevation which is relatively low. low elevation decreased elevation A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity increased viscosity An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process. shedability A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed foliage. deciduous (plant) A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to retain foliage. evergreen (plant) A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules. granular A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wetness A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wet A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid. dry A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). pH acidity A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. frozen A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality physical quality of a process A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. laminar sloped downward A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. displaced A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, flattish shape, possibly with a slightly angled edge. plate-like platelike A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. compressed flattened A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. temporal distribution quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's upper parts die back to the rootstock at the end of the growing season. herbaceous A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. humidity An increase in humidity. humid increased humidity The propensity of a material to undergo combustion. Combustion encompasses smouldering and flaming combustion. Combustibility is usually applied to solids. combustibility An increase in combustibility. combustible increased combustibility A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation A quality of an entity that can be represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value. quantitative Examples include: population, community, species (meaning the collection of organisms that makes up a species, not the taxonomic rank), and family. A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. group of organism organism collection May be of the same or different species. collection of organisms This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed. A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. ISBN:0878932739 It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used. population of organisms A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. multispecies community ISBN:0865423504 envoPolar Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community. ecological community A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. collection of organisms of the same species single-species collection of organisms A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species, but not sure how to specify that. Can't say "('has member' only ('member of' min 2 'species as a collection of organisms'))". multi-species collection of organisms A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. organismal entity A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow, plural) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow, plural) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow, plural) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. POC:curators planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki frutex (narrow) FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba frutices (narrow, plural) FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b prothalli (narrow, plural) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 prothallus (narrow) FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 suffrutex (narrow) FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 suffrutices (narrow, plural) FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 woody clump (narrow) FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). PO_GIT:234 &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000037 shoot axis apex A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). POC:curators &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy peripheral meristem (related) PO:0000225 peripheral zone A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. ISBN:0521288959 TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. CL:0000034 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) stem cell (exact) 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004010 meristematic cell A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). PO_GIT:467 portion of root primordium tissue (exact) primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005029 A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). root primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0521288959 POC:curators primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006001 phyllome A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). POC:curators filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). PO_GIT:472 PO_GIT:583 meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006079 shoot system meristem A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). PO_GIT:125 portion of protoderm tissue (exact) protodermis (Spanish, exact) 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy dermatogen cell (related) PO:0006210 A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. protoderm A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper protodermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). PO_GIT:390 plant_structure_development_stage Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) PO:0007033 whole plant development stage A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). POC:curators A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). cell (broad) GO:0005623 PO_GIT:56 c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009002 Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. plant cell A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). CL:0000000 POC:curators c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. PO:0003006 FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f PO_GIT:578 ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) radices (exact, plural) radix (exact) 根 (Japanese, exact) aerial root (narrow) climbing root (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009005 Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). root A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. ISBN:978-0879015329 ISBN:9780964022157 NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo radices (exact, plural) FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d radix (exact) FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd 根 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki climbing root (narrow) FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 PO_GIT:135 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) tree crown (narrow) plant_anatomy Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) thalli (related, plural) thallus (related) PO:0009006 The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. shoot system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki thalli (related, plural) FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 thallus (related) FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. portion of tissue (broad) tissue (broad) PO_GIT:59 porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy plant tissue (related) PO:0009007 A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. portion of plant tissue A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. POC:curators TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. organ (broad) PATO:01503 PO_GIT:55 &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy compound plant organ (related) simple plant organ (related) PO:0009008 Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). plant organ A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. POC:curators &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki simple plant organ (related) PATO:01503 A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009011 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. plant structure A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. CARO:0000003 PO:cooperl POC:curators estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. PO:0007021 PO_GIT:185 TAIR:0000205 etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) plant growth and development stage (exact) plant_structure_development_stage Arabidopsis growth (related) PO:0009012 Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. plant structure development stage A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. BFO:0000003 GO:0032502 POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo Arabidopsis growth (related) TAIR:0000205 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. PO_GIT:472 meristem (exact) meristema (Spanish, exact) meristematic tissue (exact) 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009013 portion of meristem tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. APweb:Glossary Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal meristema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:579 AM (exact) meristema apical (Spanish, exact) 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary meristem (related) PO:0020144 apical meristem A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators meristema apical (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:472 SAM (exact) meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary shoot meristem (related) PO:0020148 shoot apical meristem A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). POC:Laurel_Cooper UMSL_curator:fz meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) plant axes (exact, plural) 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025004 Includes roots and shoots. plant axis An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). POC:curators eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo plant axes (exact, plural) FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). rwalls 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z PO_GIT:63 estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025007 Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. collective plant organ structure A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. rwalls 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 PO_GIT:136 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025025 Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. root system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z caullome (exact) eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy shoot (related) PO:0025029 Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. shoot axis A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. rwalls 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z PO_GIT:274 PO_GIT:301 hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025034 leaf A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. POC:curators hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z PO_GIT:186 portion of primordial tissue (exact) portion of primordium tissue (exact) primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025127 A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. primordium A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z PO_GIT:466 phyllome primordia (exact, plural) portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025128 The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. phyllome primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). PMID:11572953 POC:curators phyllome primordia (exact, plural) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025131 Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity cjm An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. BFO:0000004 CARO:0000000 CAROC:Brownsville2014 POC:curators entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal whole plant development stage. rwalls 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z PO_GIT:230 vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025337 There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. life of whole plant stage A maximal whole plant development stage. POC:curators vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z phyllome meristem (broad) PO_GIT:427 フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025430 The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. phyllome anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z PO_GIT:427 precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) 根原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025433 Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). root anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). POC:curators precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z PO_GIT:480 estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025496 Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 POC:curators estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z PO_GIT:479 estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025497 This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). collective plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). Laurel_Cooper 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z PO_GIT:586 plant_anatomy PO:0025606 A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). native plant cell A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). POC:Laurel_Cooper A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. rwalls 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z PO_GIT:139 PO_GIT:68 fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) sporophytic development stage (exact) sporophytic phase (exact) sporphyte phase (exact) 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0028002 A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. sporophyte development stage A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. POC:curators fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki protein antithrombin III is a protein An amino acid chain that is canonically produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. protein An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. amino acid chain Ionizing radiation classified by the material entity which generates or emits it. ionizing radiation categorized by source Radiation originating outside the Earth's atmosphere. space radiation One of the principal sources of ground radiation is radon gas. Radiation produced on Earth or on another planetary body by natural or artificial means. ground radiation Material presenting, when irradiated, interaction properties similar to those of soft tissue. ICRP glossary (http://icrpaedia.org/Tissue_equivalent_material) tissue equivalent material Atomic nuclei, each with 26 protons and 30 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Fe-56 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 6 protons and 6 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator C-12 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 14 protons and 14 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Si-28 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 2 protons and 2 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator He-4 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 10 protons and 10 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ne-20 ion radiation An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, and containing 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 protons. light ion Ionization chambers and silicon solid state detectors can be used as active dosimeters. A radiation measuring device which records dose at the time of detection, with data available in real time active dosimeter Thermoluminescent dosimeters and plastic nuclear track detectors are passive detectors. A radiation measuring device which integrates the amount of radiation to which it is exposed. Passive detectors are interrogated at a later time to determine the dose. passive dosimeter The amount of ionizing radiation to which a member of the population on Earth is exposed from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation from naturally-occurring radionuclides in the soil, cosmic radiation originating in outer space, and naturally-occurring ra ionizing background radiation The effective dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. The sum of the equivalent doses to all organs in the body, each adjusted to account for the sensitivity of the organ to radiation. Effective dose is calculated for the whole body. Effective dose is expressed in millisieverts (mSv). effective dose The samples were exposed to a mixed radiation field consisting of several ions at different energies. The process of exposing the same sample to more than one type and/or energy of radiation, in sequence or simultaneously. mixed field mixed radiation field mixed radiation An environment the occupation of which results in exposure to radiation. radiation environment That part of the Earth exposed to the Earth atmosphere. earth surface false The region between the Earth's surface and an altitude of approximately 100 km earth atmosphere false LEO The region of outer space between the Earth's atmosphere and the innermost Earth radiation belt LEO low earth orbit BLEO That part of outer space beyond the Earth's radiation belts. BLEO beyond low earth orbit fractionated A radiation dose administered in two or more exposures at specified time intervals fractionated radiation exposure A unit of absorbed dose equal to 1/1000 of a rad mrad millirad The equivalent dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. The product of the mean absorbed dose in an organ or tissue and the radiation weighting factor (w_R )of the radiation type of interest equivalent dose The total dose was administered in five dose fractions. The absorbed radiation dose administered in a single one of a series comprising a fractionated radiation exposure dose fraction Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electromagnetic, that originates in outer space cosmic radiation Galactic cosmic radiation is one of the principal sources of radiation dose outside low-earth orbit Galactic cosmic radiation consists of high-energy charged particles originating from outside the solar system galactic cosmic radiation Solar cosmic radiation contributes to the radiation dose to humans in space. Solar cosmic radiation is high-energy charged particles that originate from the sun. solar cosmic radiation The dose rate was 0.5 mGy/min. The measurement datum representing a dose to an organism or object per unit time. dose rate The HIMAC accelerator has a beamline dedicated for radiation biology experiments. The path leading from a particle accelerator to an experimental station used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, chemistry, and molecular biology, or in irradiation tests or to produce isotopes. Wikipedia particle accelerator beamline Radiation produced by a particle accelerator. particle accelerator radiation Radiation produced by a nuclear reactor. nuclear reactor radiation Cs-137 gamma High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cesium-137 isotope. Cs-137 cesium-137 gamma radiation Co-60 gamma High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-60 isotope. Co-60 cobalt-60 gamma radiation Co-57 gamma High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-57 isotope. obo:RBO_00000060 Co-57 cobalt-57 gamma radiation Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011868 radionuclide A series of radioactive elements from ACTINIUM, atomic number 89, to and including LAWRENCIUM, atomic number 103 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008671 actinide A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000186 actinium A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000576 americium A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D002142 californium A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009405 neptunium A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011005 plutonium A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D013910 thorium A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014501 uranium UV Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately 3-120 eV. High energy UV radiation can be ioinizing. UV radiation http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm ultraviolet radiation radioprotector E.G. amifostine. A substance present at the time of irradiation that mitigates or prevents the biological effects of irradiation. Richard T. Hoppe, Theodore Locke Phillips, Mack Roach, Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology (Third Edition), W.B. Saunders, (2010), ISBN 9781416058977, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-5897-7.00093-7. radioprotectant Radionuclide chelators are small organic molecules or in some cases larger peptides that chemically sequester the radionuclide ion by forming a complex that determines the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of the radionuclide. radionuclide chelator A co-carcinogen is generally a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. In some circumstances exposure to radiation or physical trauma is considered to be co-carcinogenic. co-carcinogen Radiation response modifiers are agents that alter tumor or normal tissue response to radiation, such as radiation sensitizers and radiation protectors. Citrin DE, Mitchell JB. Altering the response to radiation: sensitizers and protectors. Semin Oncol. 2014 Dec;41(6):848-59. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Oct 7. PMID: 25499642; PMCID: PMC4270009. radiation response modifier Radiation response modifiers that are peptides. Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577 peptide radiation response modifier Radiation response modifiers that are small molecules. small molecule radiation response modifier A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers. Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1 nuclear industry worker astronaut military medical professional dentist radiologist The theme or modality of an experimental, theoretical, critical or summative study involving radiation, radioactive materials including their impacts on orgnisms and society. radiobiology investigation radiobiology study type An epidemiological study is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global) https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section1.html epidemiological study A study of the impact of radiation on the composition of or processes within the natural or anthropogenic environment. environmental study false A study who endpoint is the lifespan of the organism under investifgation. lifespan study A study of the effect of agents including radiation, seperately or together, on the incidence or type of neoplasia or pre-neoplasia. carcinogenesis study A study in which the structural or processual damage to normal tissue caused by radiation is assessed. Often by histopathology or molecular profiling. tissue damage study A study of the mechanism or effects of radiation on dna damage and its repair. dna damage and repair study A study of the effects of internal or external radiation on cellular or organismal physiology. physiological study A study of the effects of radiation on the integrity, composition and quality of adult, fetal or embryonic anatomical structures. anatomical study A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism. external exposure study A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. internal contamination study A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. mixed exposure route study A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the most of the dose is given in a single or small number of fractions closely in time. acute external exposure study A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the dose is given over a protracted time period either continuously or in many fractions. Often these are lose dose studies. chronic external exposure study A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. The dose is delivered over a long period of time, often continuously and generlly at low dose. For example long term Radon exposure by inhalation. chronic internal contamination study A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. Most of the dose is given over a short period of time and is generally unfractionated, such as in brachytherapy. acute internal contamination study A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Acute exposure involves usually a single exposure over a short period of time with no fractionation. acute mixed exposure route study A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Chronic exposure involves usually a continuous or highly fractionated exposure over a long period of time. chronic mixed exposure route study A study of the effects of radiation on gene expression. gene expression study A study of the effects of radiation on the proteome or individual proteins. proteomics study A study that aims at the discovery of protein, RNA or other molecular entities or modifcations that can act as reliable surrogates for the prediction or measurement of the effects of radiation or the response of the organism to radiation. marker discovery study A study that aims at the discovery, development or assessment of efficacy of therapeutic agents or processes designed to mitigate or cure the effects of radiation exposure. therapeutics study false A study that uses survival as an endpoint. Generally applicable to animal studies rather than human studies which would use the "lifespan" measure (RBO:00000085) survival study A study of the effects of radiation on the metabolome or individual metabolites. metabolomics study A study of the contributing factors consequences and prevention of nuclear accidents nuclear accident study false A study of the toxicity of chemical or biological agents on cells or whole organisms. toxicity study A study of the effects of radiation on the endocrine system or of endocrine hormones on the effects of radiation. endocrine study A study of the effects of radiation on the offspring of an irradiated animal or plant. transgenerational study offspring study A study of the distribution and metabolism orf drugs or biologicals used for therapeutic purposes. pharmacokinetics biokinetics study A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society. occupational role Neutrons or charged particles, such as protons or alpha particles that produce ionizing events densely spaced on a molecular scale (e.g., >10 keV-micron^[-1]. NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf NCIT:C17052 high linear energy transfer radiation X and gamma rays or light charged particles such as electrons that produce sparse ionizing events far apart on a molecular scale. NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf NCIT:C17052 low LET low-LET low linear energy transfer radiation Electromagnetic radiation having sufficient energy to remove one or more electrons from an atom ionizing electromagnetic radiation radiation dosimeter A device that is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation exposure or absorption. radiation dosimeter NCIT NCIT:C150121 dosimeter radiation dosimeter device Particle or electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to liberate one or more electrons from an atom. ionising radiation NCIT:C17052 ionising radiation ionizing radiation charged particle Charged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) charged particle NCIT:C18982 charged particle radiation NCIT:C19015 risk estimate NCIT:C19662 lifetime risk estimate electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than approximately 100 keV http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm NCIT:C44386 gamma radiation A device used to impart kinetic energy to subatomic particles by means of electric and magnetic fields NCIT:C94854 particle accelerator A device in which nuclear fission may be initiated and controlled in a self-sustaining chain reaction to generate energy or produce useful radiation. MESH:D009688 nuclear reactor GO:0008150 biological process false GO:0009987 cellular process false Atomic nuclei, each with 8 protons and 8 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator O-16 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 18 protons and 22 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ar-40 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 22 protons and 26 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ti-48 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 36 protons and 48 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Kr-84 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 41 protons and 52 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Nb-93 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 47 protons and 60 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ag-107 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 54 protons and 75 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Xe-129 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 73 protons and 108 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ta-181 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 79 protons and 118 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Au-197 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 7 protons and 7 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator N-14 ion radiation The process by which an entity is exposed to electromagnetic or acoustic radiation radiation energy internally or externally. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Irradiation radiation exposure Unplanned exposure to radiation of any type in any environment or otherwise planned process. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Accidental irradiation accidental radiation exposure Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally or externally. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Planned irradiation planned radiation exposure Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a diagnosis of disease. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Diagnostic irradiation medical diagnostic radiation exposure Exposure to naturally occurring radiation (NORM) of any type in any environment . 0000-0002-5111-7263 Environmental irradiation exposure to naturally ocurring radioactive material Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a cure or mitigation of disease. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Therapeutic irradiation medical therapeutic radiation exposure Unplanned exposure to anthropogenic radiation of any type in any environment ; for example radiation from nuclear waste, nuclear industry discharge or weapons. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Accidental man-made radiation exposure accidental non-medical anthropogenic radiation exposure Exposure to ionising radiation created by a man-made machine or exposure to a fixed source. For example a cobalt source, an X ray machine, an acceleratororf a nucler weapon. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Exposure to human generated radiation anthropogenic radiation exposure Planned exposure to radiation generated through a device or exposure to a source emitting ionising radiation 0000-0002-5111-7263 planned anthropogenic radiation exposure Accidental or incidental exposure to radiation from a man made process or machine. Covers both radiation accidents and routine occupational exposure. 0000-0002-5111-7263 accidental anthropogenic radiation exposure Accidental exposure occurring during medical therapy or diagnostics, for example medical radiation accidents or overdoses. 0000-0002-5111-7263 accidental medical anthropogenic radiation exposure Incidental exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as geographical areas with high background levels of radiation or specific locations such as Uranium mines. 0000-0002-5111-7263 unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure false Deliberate or knowing exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as a radon spa. 0000-0002-5111-7263 planned naturally occurring radiation exposure Studies relating to human society and the interrelation of social and educational factors with individual thought and behaviour including mental illness. 0000-0002-5111-7263 social and psychosocial study Studies on the distribution of information or opinion by technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.biolontology.org/ontology/CSP/1580-0981 mass media study Studies on the civil, legal, and political preparedness for accidental or deliberate release of radioactive materials or radiation into the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 preparedness study Studies in which research is conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which the investigator directly interacts with human subjects, including the dveelopment of new technologies, understanding of the mechanisms of disease, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiology behaviousrand health services research. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/4006-0105 clinical study Study of the laws, statutes, ordinances, government or international treaty regulations or authoritative guidelines, as well as for legal controversy and court decisions, relating to the regulation of radiation safety, movement and containment of radioactive materials and the consequences for human health or the natural environment of radioactive contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 legal and governance study Studies relating to organisations and processes concerned with freedom from or resilience towards potential harm caused by hostile intent or circumstances (for example terrorism and illegal release of radioactive substances or radiation) towards the natural environment or human population, and the enforcement of relevant laws and international treaties. 0000-0002-5111-7263 security and law enforcement study A study whose intention is to discover knowledge concerning the origins, nature diagnosis or therapy for neoplastic disease and cancer. This includes studies in humans, model organisms, the laboratory and in silico. This class includes experimental and epidemiological studies specifically aimed at cancer. 0000-0002-5111-7263 cancer study The specific manner, characteristic, pattern of application, or the employment of any technology, approach or formal procedure to implement the study plan to generate a study type. 0000-0002-5111-7263 study modality Studies of the presence of radiation of any type in the natural or anthropogenic environment and its impact on animals, plants, and microorganisms. This includes studies measuring nuclide transfer in the environment, and interaction with meteorological phenomena. This excludes occupational exposure and the human working environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study Studies concerned with the regulation, monitoring and operation of the nuclear industry. For example nuclear power station and reprocessing plants, isotope purification and manufactore, weapons manufacture and testing. This includes occupation health studies, impact of accidental or deliberate release on the natural or man made environment and impact on organisms specifically affected directly or indirectly by contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear industry study Research done in a laboratory. A laboratory study may use special equipment and cells or animals to investigate the effects of an experimental perturbation, discover fundamental molecular mechanisms, assay biological substances, or find out if a drug, procedure, or treatment is likely to be useful in humans. A laboratory investigation is often characterised by a hypothesis and is carried out with controls. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C28278 laboratory study Study of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ethicolegal constructs surrounding radiation and radiation safety and regulation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/2482-9501 attitudinal study Study concerning exchange or transmission of thoughts, messages, or information between people or between authorities and the general public (for example educational information, risk communication, safety communication) concerning exposure to and use of radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 communication study A study focussed on a set of people with some shared characteristic. The substance of shared element varies widely, from geography to a situation to interest to lives and values. The term is widely used to evoke sense of collectivity. For example communities collectively exposed to radioactive environmental contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 community study The study of political involvement in radiation and nuclear regulation, military use, and safety as shown by inclusion in political manifestos and messaging by established or informal groups and its impact on voting patterns and democracy. 0000-0002-5111-7263 political and psephological study A study measuring "psychological" aspects of a person such as knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, or personality using defined scales. 0000-0002-5111-7263 psychometric study A study of human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology. 0000-0002-5111-7263 behavioural study A study dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organization. 0000-0002-5111-7263 sociological study Studies involving fields of inquiry into human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes . These are traditionally the study of literature, philosophy, and religion. Included in this definition are sociological studies, especially those concerned with the social impact of the humanities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 social science and humanities study Specifically an attitudinal study looking at how perception, for example of risk, and expectations affect behaviour. 0000-0002-5111-7263 perceptions, expectations and behaviours study Sociological, attitudinal, ethocolegal and regulatory approaches to governance of radiation and radioactive substance use. 0000-0002-5111-7263 holistic approaches to governance study Studies on policy concerning socially and ethically responsible research and innovation 0000-0002-5111-7263 responsible research and innovation study Studies of the engagement between an organisational entity and those groups or individuals potentially or actually impacted by the actions of that entity over a range of activities and approaches. 0000-0002-5111-7263 stakeholder engagement study Study concerning the modes, efficacy and response to communication of risk and health impacts of radiation in all aspects. 0000-0002-5111-7263 risk and health communication study Studies concenring the attitudes to and practices of radiological protection in defined groups of people. For example the nuclear industry of a country or within a specific laboratory. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiological protection culture study Genetic study done at the population level or among population groups, generally to find the cause, incidence or spread of a disease or to see the response to a treatment, nutrition or environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16160 genetic population study A type of study in which participants are enrolled into the study before they develop the disease or outcome in question. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C142646 prospective study Observational studies which include an organized system that uses observational methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) prospectively for a population defined by a particular disorder/disease, condition (including susceptibility to a disorder), or exposure (including products, health care services, and/or procedures) and that serves a predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purpose. Patient registries may be single purpose or on-going data collection programs that address one or more questions. (AHRQ) An observational study that is also considered to be a Patient Registry. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C129000 registry study A study looking backwards in time using observations collected predominantly prior to subject selection and enrolment 0000-0002-5111-7263 retrospective study A study of the number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. this class also includes PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases in the population at a given time. 0000-0002-5111-7263 incidence or prevalence study Studies concerning the optimisation of situation awareness through gathering and analysing information, and methodologies for making decisions on that awareness, such as estimating the path of a radioactive fallout with respect to weather and population density and making a decision to evacuate a population. 0000-0002-5111-7263 situation awareness and decision support study A study concerning the protection of the population from unexpected radioactive discharge or contamination, such as a dirty bomb, and civil safetyy coningency plans, such as deployment of emergency services and evacuation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 civil protection study Studies on planning for unexpected natural or man-made radiological catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant property damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent changes to the natural environment. Broader scope than civil protection as may relate to livestock, food and water shortage, disease outbreak and extensive traumas caused by precipitating or consequential damage. 0000-0002-5111-7263 disaster planning study Studies on plannig for or analysing a nuclear accident with release of airborn or waterborn contamination into the environment. Narrower than Disaster planning study but may be used to qualify an annotation to Disaster planning study if the source of contamination is a nuclear accident. A nuclear accident is not necessarily a disaster. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear accident study A controlled study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs, devices, treatments, or preventive measures in humans by comparing two or more interventions or regimens 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/0690-6917 clinical trial study Study of the effects of radiation used in a medical therapeutic or diagnostic context. Inlcudes radiation accidents in this context, excludes occupational exposure for health professionals. 0000-0002-5111-7263 medical radiological safety study A study concerned with health and safety policy development, implementation and practice in the workplace including investigating accidents at work, and chronic occupational exposure. Includes monitoring compliance with health and safety legislation and study of the promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 occupational health study Study on the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to medical diagnostic procedures using internal or external irradiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiation based diagnostics study Study of the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation including RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY, therapeutic radiation with visible, laser, or ultraviolet light. Includes technical development of protocols and equipment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiotherapy study A study involvingdevelopment of agents or procedures intended to produce an effect that is intended to mitigate or stop a pathologic process. 0000-0002-5111-7263 therapeutics study A study of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomical changes in diseased tissue. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/1448-3909 histopathologic study Study of legal and statutory instruments and legislation designed to regulate the safety, use and transport of radioactive materials, release of such materials into the environment, or external radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiation legislation study Study of the policy approaches and their implementation concerned with harmonising regulatory guidelines and legislation dealing with radiation and radioactive substances between legislatures, generally internationally. 0000-0002-5111-7263 regulatory harmonisation study Study of the development, implementation and monitoring of nuclear non proliferation treaties between states. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear proliferation treaty study Studies concerning intentional release of organisms (germs), toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances with intent to harm or kill people or the environment, or to inflict panic within a population. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/5000-0002 bioterrorism study Study of strategies and their implementation towards defence against radiation used as a weapon conducted by military powers and institutions. May also include civil defence where the military has a significant operational role, but not disaster preparedness. 0000-0002-5111-7263 military defence study Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from DNA, including methylation, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. Includes interventional DNA modification. 0000-0002-5111-7263 dna modification study Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from histones, including methylation, acetylation,phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. 0000-0002-5111-7263 histone modification study Study conducted by means of structured or unstructured interviews of persons of interest. 0000-0002-5111-7263 interview study A study of genetic variation and the inheritance of a trait or traits within a population or an individual including examination of genetic material for the presence or absence of cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 genetic study A radiographic study used to evaluate a specific anatomic location for a specific purpose. This may include the assessment of imaging modalities and the development of new techniques. Includes PET, MRI, CT and related techniques. 0000-0002-5111-7263 imaging study Study concerned with the construction, analysis, evaluation, refinement etc. of mathematical or statistical models of the properties or behaviour of a set of entities, such as molecules, physiological processes, environmental processes such as nuclide transfer, such that functions are developed to reliably predict the behaviour of those entities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 mathematical modelling study A study usually conducted in a laboratory where non human animals are used to model aspects of a disease process or its therapy to provide insights into human biology or pathobiology. 0000-0002-5111-7263 model organism study Study concerning the development, use, calibration or standardisation of technologies for the qualitative or quantitative measurement of radiation and radionuclides. 0000-0002-5111-7263 monitoring technologies and metrology study Study of the chemistry of radioactive materials including radioactive tracer studies of metabolic processes 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiochemistry study Study of the development and implementation of public policy towards issues involving radiation 0000-0002-5111-7263 policy development study Study of the effects of acoustic radiation on cellular and organismal physiology and the effects of acoustic radiation emitted in response to exposure to ionising radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 acoustic radiation study Study of radiation levels and effects in the human built environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_ abiotic_anthropogenic Study of radiation levels and effects in the natural environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 natural environment study The development and use of mathematical models and systems analysis for the description of naturally occurring non-human populations, and applications to measuring the effects of radiological contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 ecological population modelling study The study of environmental contamination with radiation and radioactive substances and the toxic effects on the ecosystem either through chemical toxicity or radiation exposure. 0000-0002-5111-7263 ecotoxicology study The study of environmental contamination with radon and the toxic effects on biota including humans. Both natural and anthropogenic environments. Includes radiometrics, safety policies and mitigation technologies. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental radon study Mathematical modelling of radionuclide transfer and dispersal processes in water, earth or air, either directly or through the mediation of biota. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radionuclide dispersal modelling study Study of the ocurrence, levels and effects of naturally occurring radioactive materials such as Radon. 0000-0002-5111-7263 naturally occurring radioactive materials study Study involving the measurement of radiation levels, or concentration of radionuclides, in the natural or man made environment. Usually in a time series. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental radiation monitoring study Study concerned with the measurement of transfer of radionuclides to biota from the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental radionuclide transfer study Any study concenrd with the prevalence or effects on non-ionising radiations such as UV, acoustic, or RF. 0000-0002-5111-7263 non ionising electromagnetic radiation study Study concerning the safety, regulation, activities and engineering of nuclear installations including power stations, waste processing plant, radionuclide generation and purification plant, and military nuclear establishments. May include occupational health studies if broader than just occupationaal health in scope. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear installation study Study of the process of generation of nuclear waste, its monitoring, regulation, disposal and inadvertent discharge. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear waste study Study of the engineering of nuclear installations such as power plants. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear engineering study Study of the process, regulation and monitoring of mines where exposure to naturally occurring radiation presents an occupational hazard for workers or the process itself, for example run off water or spoil, constitutes an environmental hazard. 0000-0002-5111-7263 mining study A study using cells derived from an organism grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. 0000-0002-5111-7263 cell culture study A study using an organ, part of an organ or an organoid culture, derived from an organism and grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. The system differs from cell culture in the generation or maintenance of multiple cell types with the spatial and functional relationship between them derived from or reflecting the normal organisation in vivo. 0000-0002-5111-7263 organ culture study Any study involving the manipulation, measurement, or characterisation of DNA or RNA in a cell or organism. 0000-0002-5111-7263 molecular genetic study Elucidation of the physical structure of a macromolecule, protein, carbohydrate, DNA or RNA, its analysis and manipulation based on structure/function considerations. 0000-0002-5111-7263 molecular structural study A study using an intact organism, plant, animal, or microorganism 0000-0002-5111-7263 whole organism study Study of the cellular phenomenon which radiation energy is not been directly deposited in cells by transfer of medium, proximity/justaposition, or other means, but results in their behaving as if they had been irradiated. 0000-0002-5111-7263 bystander effect study A study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. This may be in intact organisms or in cells and includes population analysis of epigenetic phenomena and molecular analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 epigenetic study Study of the frequency of induction , nature and consequences of the production of genetic or epigenetic alterations by any technique, including chemicals, radiation, recombination, or other molecular biology methods. 0000-0002-5111-7263 mutagenesis study Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or regulation of the nuclear industries. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study of nuclear industry risk perception Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic ionising radiation in the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards ionising radiation in the environment Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the natural environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards non-ionising radiation in the environment Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety and efficacy in a clinical context where radiation is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards medical radiation procedures Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the occupational environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards radiation in the occupational environment Study of social and individual trust in the position and activities of legal or other competent advisory or regulatory authorities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 authority trust study Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communcation of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. 0000-0002-5111-7263 risk communication study Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. 0000-0002-5111-7263 public communication study Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations on any aspect of radiation, conceived of as an educational programme, and including a wider scope than just safety and risk. For example basic nuclear physics, emergency action advice. 0000-0002-5111-7263 public education study Study involving attitudes, health status, social organisation of defined communities identified by common characteristics such as occupation type, geography, gender identity, with respect to radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 social affairs and community health study Studies involving creation and assessment of plans for the future physical arrangement, well being, efficiency and condition of a community. It may have the goals of improving health, promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. In the context of radiation this may be concerned with community planning for dealing with mitigation measures for local NORM, or organised community-wide continegency measures for nuclear accident or recovery from such. 0000-0002-5111-7263 community planning study Study concerned with eliciting information in a structured way concerning issues of interest from members of a community defined by common characteristics, for example occupation, geographical location, personal history or gender. 0000-0002-5111-7263 community survey study A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology at the level of slected individuals. May be carried out by observation or as individual responses to a questioannaire or interview in the case of humans where the person records their own assessment of their behaviour. 0000-0002-5111-7263 individual behaviour study A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology within substantial populations of individuals. Likely to be carried out by mass observation or indirect inference. 0000-0002-5111-7263 population behaviour study Mathematical modelling for theraputic regime optimisation and for optimal tumor response, for example modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor and blood volume fraction, and predicting response to radiation therapy. Also studies for beam modelling and multiimaging techniques. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiotherapeutic modelling study Study of the radiolonuclide components and emissions from building materials 0000-0002-5111-7263 building materials radiological safety study Studies on radiological safety within buildings. Primary purpose os for buildings not specifially designed to hold radioactive materials but anaylyis and mitigation of risks from radioactive exposure from the local environment or materials. 0000-0002-5111-7263 building radiological safety study Study of the weather and atmospheric dynamics mainly with respect to dissemination of radionuclides. 0000-0002-5111-7263 meteorology study Study of non-living objects in the environment, such as soils or rocks. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_abiotic Study of non-human biota in the natural environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_biota ( non human) Study which may include human and non-human biota in the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_panbiota (all) Study of the measurement, effects and regulation of wireless communication signals, for example mobile phone radiation and microwave communication. 0000-0002-5111-7263 wireless communication radiation study The sample was irradiated with Cs-137 gamma ray photons. Photons having energies that are greater than tens of thousands of electron volts (eV). Britannica.com gamma ray photon The sample was irradiated with x-ray photons. A photon with energies from about 100 eV (electron volts) to 1 MeV (million electron volts). Britannica.com x-ray photon Irradiation of the sample was with x-ray photons. An energy transfer process in which energy in the form of particles or waves is transferred from one entity to another 0000-0003-1741-8297 Jack Miller obo:RBO_0002000 irradiation false A process involving the emission of energy from an atomic nucleus resulting in change in the character of the nucleus radioactive decay Irradiation that is not the result of a planned process unplanned irradiation Unplanned irradiation that is of anthropogenic origin unplanned anthropogenic irradiation Unplanned irradiation that is non-anthropogenic in origin unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure Environmental monitoring that includes continual assay for radiation dose or quality. environmental radiation monitoring Monitoring within an environment which was not man-made. natural environment monitoring Monitoring within a man-made or constructed environment anthropogenic environment monitoring Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a man-made or constructed environment such as a building or a vehicle. anthropogenic environment radiation monitoring Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a natural environment. natural environment radiation monitoring A type of ionizing radiation consisting of charged particles that are relatively massive compared to other types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Heavy ion radiation is composed of atomic nuclei that have been stripped of their electrons, resulting in positively charged particles. Heavy ion radiation has several notable characteristics and contexts: High Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Heavy ion radiation has a high linear energy transfer, which means it deposits a significant amount of energy per unit path length as it travels through tissue. This characteristic can lead to more localized and potentially more damaging effects on cells and tissues. Enhanced Biological Effectiveness: Due to its high LET, heavy ion radiation in many cases has enhanced biological effectiveness, meaning it can cause more severe biological damage per unit of absorbed dose compared to other types of radiation. Space Radiation: Heavy ions are a component of the galactic cosmic radiation present in space. In common use, the distinction between heavy ions and light ions is somewhat flexible and context dependent. For example, "heavy" is sometimes used to refer to any ion heavier than a helium nucleus or even a proton; in practice the dividing line between light and heavy lies around atomic numbers 6-10. heavy ion radiation Atomic nuclei, variously defined as having atomic number 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means light ion radiation A particle with a positive or negative electric charge charged particle An atomic nucleus with 26 protons and 30 neutrons Fe-56 ion;Fe-56 nucleus;Fe-56 Iron-56 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 14 protons and 14 neutrons Si-28 ion;Si-28 nucleus;Si-28 Silicon-28 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons C-12 ion;C-12 nucleus;C-12 Carbon-12 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons He-4 ion;He-4 nucleus;He-4 Helium-4 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 10 protons and 10 neutrons Ne-20 ion;Ne-20 nucleus;Ne-20 Neon-20 nucleus The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium. Jack Miller absorbed radiation dose The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium per unit time. Jack Miller absorbed radiation dose rate The kinetic energy carried by a particle or photon of ionizing radiation. Jack Miller ionizing radiation energy x-ray Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately between 0.1 and 120 keV. The upper end of the x-ray spectrum overlaps with the lower end of the gamma ray spectrum. Jack Miller x-ray http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm x-ray radiation A material entity which emits radiation Jack Miller radiation source sham irradiation Sham irradiation refers to a procedure in which participants or subjects in an experiment are exposed to simulated radiation, mimicking precisely the conditions of actual irradiation. The purpose of using sham irradiation is to create a control group that experiences the non-specific effects of the experimental setup, while excluding the specific effects associated with radiation exposure. Jack Miller sham sham irradiation fractionation protocol A protocol for administering a total radiation dose in two or more increments separated by a specified time interval Jack Miller fractionation protocol radiation fractionation protocol non-irradiated An organism or material entity kept unexposed to radiation, for purposes of comparison to a similar organism or material entity that has been exposed to radiation Jack Miller non-irradiated ground analog experiment A study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate one or more conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) Jack Miller ground analog ground analog study ground control An study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) with the exception of one condition, so as to ascertain the effects of that condition on an organism or instrument Jack Miller ground control ground control study irradiation protocol A protocol for administering radiation to a sample Jack Miller irradiation protocol radiation fraction One of the series of individual doses administered to a sample in a fractionated irradiation. Jack Miller fraction radiation fraction radiation fraction interval Time between fractions in a fractionated irradiation. Jack Miller radiation fraction interval high altitude The region of the atmosphere above 8000 feet above sea level. Altitudes above 12000 feet are sometimes referred to as very high altitude, and above 18000 feet as extremely high altitude. Jack Miller https://www.medicinenet.com/high_altitude/definition.htm high altitude sham The class should be used in cases where it is clear that the control sample was treated in precisely the same way as the experimental samples or sham irradiation is specified. It is therefore a more restricted quality definition than "non-irradiated". It is likely to be used more often with external radiation exposure or exposure to a beam, and with a biological rather than abiotic sample. A quality of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual which is part of an experiment that tests the effects of radiation on organisms or materials by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. In sham irradiation the precise treatment of the sample must be identical to that of the experimental samples and should be made explicit in the description of the method. Jack Miller sham-irradiated parabolic flight An aircraft which flies a series of parabolic arcs to simulate micrgravity. Jack Miller Vomit Comet parabolic flight aircraft An aircraft which flies at altitudes greater than commercial aircraft altitudes for research purposes. Jack Miller high altitude research aircraft UAV An research aircraft designed to operate without crew members, either autonomously or under control from a ground station Jack Miller UAV uncrewed aerial vehicle HZE Fully ionized atomic nucleus with 2 or more protons and energies in excess of tens of MeV per nucleon Jack Miller HZE highly charged energetic nuclei highly charged energetic nucleus A study of a response to radiation conditioned by prior administration of radiation of a different type and/or at a different dose or dose rate Jack Miller adaptive adaptive radiation response study The total dose administered in a series of radiation fractions divided by the elapsed time between the beginning of the first exposure fraction and the end of the last exposure fraction Jack Miller average fractionated dose rate A device which exposes samples to gamma radiation. Jack Miller gamma irradiator charge The electric charge of a particle used in an irradiation Jack Miller particle charge The measurement of the amount of radiation taken up by a sample. Jack Miller radiation dosimetry A microbeam is a narrow beam of radiation, of micrometer or sub-micrometer dimensions. Together with integrated imaging techniques, microbeams allow precisely defined quantities of damage to be introduced at precisely defined locations. Jack Miller Wikipedia microbeam An atomic nucleus with 41 protons and 52 neutrons Nb-93 ion;Nb-93 nucleus;Nb-93 Niobium-93 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 47 protons and 60 neutrons Ag-107 ion;Ag-107 nucleus;Ag-107 Silver-107 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 54 protons and 75 neutrons Xe-129 ion;Xe-129 nucleus;Xe-129 Xenon-129 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons Ta-181 ion;Ta-181 nucleus;Ta-181 Tantalum-181 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 79 protons and 118 neutrons Au-197 ion;Au-197 nucleus;Au-197 Gold-197 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons N-14 ion;N-14 nucleus;N-14 Nitrogen-14 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons O-16 ion;O-16 nucleus;O-16 Oxygen-16 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 18 protons and 22 neutrons Ar-40 ion;Ar-40 nucleus;Ar-40 Argon-40 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 22 protons and 26 neutrons Ti-48 ion;Ti-48 nucleus;Ti-48 Titanium-48 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 36 protons and 48 neutrons Kr-84 ion;Kr-84 nucleus;Kr-84 Krypton-84 nucleus mGy/sec A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second mGy/sec UO:0010065 miligray per second false Indirect cellular response to stimulus This could be used to describe a tissue response to immune stimulation, so for example an IL2 response of endothelial cells in response to lymphocytes stimulated by pathogen. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell Paul Schofield indirect cellular response to stimulus The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. Paul Schofield indirect cellular response to radiation Directly describes the bystander effect (Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) but can alo sbe used to describe phenomena related to the abscopal effect, manifest in whole organisms where irradiation of one part of the organism causes changes in another un-irradiated component. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to ionising radiation which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the ionising radiation by one cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. Paul Schofield indirect cellular response to ionising radiation A device for exposing materials or biological organisms to ionizing radiation for research or therapeutic purposes. ionizing radiation device High-altitude balloons are crewed or uncrewed balloons, usually filled with helium or hydrogen, that are released into the stratosphere, generally attaining between 18 and 37 km (11 and 23 mi; 59,000 and 121,000 ft) above sea level. Jack Miller Wikipedia high-altitude balloon non-targeted effects of ionising radiation Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation are characterised by cellular responses that occur in cells in which energy from ionizing radiation has not been deposited. The distinct classes of non-targeted effects include Genomic Instability, and Bystander effect which latter includes Abscopal effects and Bystander-mediated adaptive response. These can also arise non-clonally in the progeny of irradiated somatic or germ cells, resulting in radiation-induced genomic instability and transgenerational genomic instability respectively. (Kadhim M, Salomaa S, Wright E, et al. Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation--implications for low dose risk. Mutat Res. 2013;752(2):84-98. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.12.001) Paul Schofield ORCID: 0000-0002-5111-7263 NTE non-targeted effects non-targeted effects of ionising radiation ALARA One of the measures to ensure ALARA is to minimize the time spent working around radioactive materials. A principle of radiation protection philosophy that requires that exposures to ionizing radiation be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. The protection from radiation exposure is ALARA when the expen Jack Miller ALARA NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) ALARA as low as reasonably achievable Attenuation in concrete or leadshielding is a common method of radiation protection on Earth, but is impractical in space due to mass constraints. The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) radiation attenuation Biodosimetry was used to measure the exposure of some victims of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Use of a biological response as an indicator of a dose of an effective agent (e.g., the extent of decline in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans exposed to ionizing radiation can be used as an indicator of the absorbed dose to the whole body from that Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) biodosimetry The bystander effect can be studied by identifying cells that were traversed by a charged particle. The term used to describe the effects on cells in proximity to irradiated cells, but through which radiation has not passed. In experimental radiation biology, the bystander effect can be investigated by targeting individual cells, or by using doses low enough that the probability for a given cell to be hit by a particle is less than one. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) bystander effect Delta ray energies increase with the velocity of the incident particle. Highly energetic electrons produced during inelastic collisions between ionizing radiation and atomic electrons. In a small proportion of collisions, the ejected electron receives a considerable amount of energy (i.e., >1,000 eV), allowing it to travel a Jack Miller delta electron NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) delta electron delta ray The average annual dose equivalent for crew members on the ISS is approximately 300 mSv. The product of the absorbed dose (D) at a point and the quality factor (Q) at that point for the radiation type (i.e., H = DQ). The unit of H is J-kg^[-1] with the special name sievert (Sv) Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) dose equivalent The increased risk from induced cancer due to exposure when the effects over an entire lifetime are accounted for. Individuals who would have died of cancer anyway but die early because of exposure are not included Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) excess lifetime risk of cancer The sample was irradiated with fast neutrons. Neutrons of energies above a few hundred kiloelectron volts (keV) Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) fast neutron The value of the fluence was approximately 1 particle per cm2. The number of particles or photons per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of the particle (units of m^2 or cm^2) (i.e., particles-m^[-2] or particles-cm^[-2]). Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) fluence The flux of cosmic ray muons per cm2 at the surface of the Earth is approximately 1.0. The quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the increment of the particle number in the time interval dt. The unit for flux is reciprocal second (s^[-1].) Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) flux An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, containing 2 or more protons. Nuclei containing between 2 protons (helium) and 6 protons (carbon) are sometimes referred to as light ions. Jack Miller In RBO--needs def from NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) heavy ion Biological effects are a function of LET. The energy deposited by an ionizing charged particle or photon in any medium per unit path length. Jack Miller LET NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) LET linear energy transfer Radiation protection standards take into account organ dose as well as whole body dose. The mean absorbed radiation dose in a specified tissue or organ of the human body. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) organ dose Neutrons have a high quality factor compared to photons. Dimensionless factor developed for purposes of radiation protection and assessing health risks in general terms that accounts for the relative biological effectiveness of different radiations in producing stochastic effects and is used to relate absorbed Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) quality factor The samples received a dose of 1 Gy. (The use of the gray unit implies that "dose" refers to a measured quantity, typically absorbed dose or organ dose.) The samples received a dose of 1 Sv. (The use of the sievert unit implies that "dose" refers to a der A measurement datum of the quantity of radiation absorbed by a substance or organism. The term "radiation dose" may for example refer to absorbed dose, organ dose, dose equivalent or equivalent dose, depending upon context and weighting factor(s). Jack Miller radiation dose Radiation weighting factors may change as more data on biological effects are obtained. A factor used to allow for differences in the biological effectiveness between different radiations when calculating equivalent dose (H_T) (see equivalent dose). These factors are independent of the tissue or organ irradiated. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) radiation weighting factor Neutrons have been found to have a higher RBE than electrons. Factor used to compare the biological effectiveness of absorbed doses from different types of ionizing radiation, determined experimentally. RBE is the ratio of the absorbed dose of a reference radiation to the absorbed dose of the radiation in question r Jack Miller RBE NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) RBE relative biological effectiveness Tissue equivalent materials can be used to study radiation effects at depth in the human body. Denotes a substance with absorbing and scattering properties for a given radiation that sufficiently match those of a particular biological tissue. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) tissue equivalence That energy which is transferred in space and time as part of the process of radiation (ENVO:01001023). radiation Uncharged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) neutral particle radiation An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. Usually a track structure assay at nm scale nanodosimetry assay An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale microdosimetry assay Nuclear decay in which an alpha particle is emitted. https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000017 alpha-decay alpha decay Radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs. http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00572.html http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000007 beta-decay beta decay Processes in which electrons or components of the atomic nucleus are participants. subatomic process Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers nanodosimetric measurement datum In microdosimetry the specific energy, z, is the energy deposited by radiation ( in one or more deposition events) in a specified micrometric (or smaller) site divided my the mass of the site. Measured in Gy. specific energy measurement datum The path of a particle in matter, delineated by sites where the particle deposits energy. particle track A pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers. nanodosimetry The complete set of spatial coordinates of energy deposition events along a particle track in matter particle track structure A group of ionization events closely related in time and space, occurring in a specified target volume and originating from a single primary ionizing particle. ionization cluster Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers. microdosimetric measurement datum A volume of matter characterised by linear dimensions of the order of 0.5- 10's of microns, referred to as the "site" in microdosimetry. micrometric volume A control specimen role of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual describes a specimen by its purpose, and therefore treatment, within a planned experimental process that tests hypotheses by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. The quality of control inhering in the sample role exists as a result of the historical treatment of the sample. In a controlled experiment, two or more virtually identical experiments are conducted, but the factor being tested is varied in only one of them. This serves to isolate any causal phenomena. A control may have been subject to treatments during the experiment that might alter its state or behaviour and is therefore distinguishable from the sample as initial input into the experiment. However such treatments should in all cases but that of the variable under scrutiny, be the same as the experimental sample. http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C64355 control specimen role Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed in every respect. Use approximate sham irradiation when at least one aspect of the irradiation (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed precisely. For example, Not placing an organism or sample in a beam line for the same length of time as the irradiated organism(s) or sample(s) were left in the beam. approximate sham irradiation Experimental internal radiation exposure of rodents to radon gas through inhalation. Exposure to an inhaled, ingested, injected or implanted source of radiation of any origin as part of a planned or accidental process. internal radiation exposure Mice exposed to external radiation from a Sr source. Exposure to an external source of radiation of any origin or type. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 external radiation exposure Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol is followed in every respect, with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure. Use complete sham irradiation when all steps of an irradiation protocol are followed for sham control group (with the exception of administration of the radiation exposure). complete sham irradiation Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally by the ingestion, inhalation or implantation of a source of radiation. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 Research subjects participating in a clinical trial using an internally implanted radiation source have an internal experimental radiation exposure internal experimental radiation exposure The direct or indirect transfer of energy from radiation to a medium through ionisation or excitation of the atoms of the medium. energy deposition event track formation A mixed irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed irradiation study A mixed ion and photon irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed ion and photon irradiation study A mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study A mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study typically involves sequentially exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study A multiple ion irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of charged particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 multiple ion mixed irradiation study multiple ion irradiation study A multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation, for example ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study A multiple ion sequential irradiation study involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation such as ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 multiple ion sequential irradiation study background radiation The ambient radiation in a defined environment emanating from natural or anthropogenic sources. For uses involving experimentation or radiation therapy, use "anthropogenic background radiation" instead. Use this concept to indicate source is a mixture of anthropogenic and naturally occurring (ambient), or unknown or if the discrimination is not sought. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 background radiation The samples received a dose of 1 Gy. (The use of the gray unit implies that "dose" refers to a measured quantity, typically absorbed dose or organ dose.) The samples received a dose of 1 Sv. (The use of the sievert unit implies that "dose" refers to a der A measurement datum of the quantity of radiation absorbed by a substance or organism. The term "radiation dose" may for example refer to absorbed dose, organ dose, dose equivalent or equivalent dose, depending upon context and weighting factor(s). Jack Miller radiation dose false A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system A type of document, physical or digital, comprised of data and/or analytical assessment related to a scientific protocol. Scientific documents can be referenced or included in publicationDocuments. scientific results 'inheres in' some hardware Any document (electronic or written record) that is about an experiment process (limited to the conduct of the experiment) 0 experiment document true Any document (electronic or written record) that is about an experiment process (limited to the conduct of the experiment) Modified from definition of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142425 A data product that is an aggregate of data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. space life sciences dataset A data product that is an aggregate of data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. Derived from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000100 A coordinated set of actions and observations designed to generate data, with the ultimate goal of discovery or hypothesis testing. experiment A coordinated set of actions and observations designed to generate data, with the ultimate goal of discovery or hypothesis testing. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C42790 A document that is about an item of hardware. For LSDA, hardware documents include hardware design, manufacturing, and operations documents hardware document true An individual who conducts scientific research. The investigator collects and analyses data and study documents, and provides reports in compliance with applicable requirements investigator (human) An individual who conducts scientific research. The investigator collects and analyses data and study documents, and provides reports in compliance with applicable requirements Modified from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25936 A document that is about a project. For LSDA, project documents include project operations, schedules, and other related documents. project document A federally funded facility where NASA activities are undertaken. This would include JPL and other federally funded Centers. Is that in line with NGLSDA usage? nasa center A federally funded facility where NASA activities are undertaken. Modified from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000469 An agent, commonly entirely within an organization, responsible for enabling one or more realizable entities. administrative program An agent, commonly entirely within an organization, responsible for enabling one or more realizable entities. https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C52647 https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C63409 A physical or digital representation of a body of information intended to be understood as a whole and conveyed primarily through the use of human-readable written language. "By this definition no binary files are documents (we assume they become dataset files in NGLSDA)" LSDA document A physical or digital representation of a body of information intended to be understood as a whole and conveyed primarily through the use of human-readable written language. for NCit: https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19498https://ncimetathesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=CL414404 A document that is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of EM spectrum radiation or measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range (where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected surface.) Modified from IAO image definition and its stated relationship to the concept of document. Another source that was used to develop this definition is http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300264387 which defines image as (quoting) Depictions and representations on a surface in two dimensions or low relief, or digital, whether the optical counterpart exists in reality or only in imagination. For example, the term may refer to a depiction as distinguished from its support, as when referring to a drawing as distinct from the paper upon which it is drawn. image (LSDA) A document that is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of EM spectrum radiation or measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range (where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected surface.) NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) A package of elements carried onboard a spacecraft over and above what is necessary for the operation of the vehicle. May refer to the complete set of such elements transported during a mission, or to individual packages transported to support specific mission objectives. A research payload refers to a package of elements specifically dedicated to producing research data and relaying that data to earth. Payloads are self-contained, and removable, and their presences is independent of vehicle operation. The definition of payload is entwined with definition of vehicle, as vehicle is the transporting method/artifact associated with one or more payloads. payload A package of elements carried onboard a spacecraft over and above what is necessary for the operation of the vehicle. May refer to the complete set of such elements transported during a mission, or to individual packages transported to support specific mission objectives. A research payload refers to a package of elements specifically dedicated to producing research data and relaying that data to earth. https://home.iss.nasa.gov/home/ (under Research/Payloads) https://iss-science.jsc.nasa.gov/home Persons employed in any field. personnel Persons employed in any field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C60758 Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. spacecraft Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. https://ncimetathesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0242743 Any material sample taken from a biological entity for testing, diagnostic, propagation, treatment or research purposes, including a sample obtained from a living organism or taken from the biological object after halting of all its life functions. Biospecimen can contain one or more components including but not limited to cellular molecules, cells, tissues, organs, body fluids, embryos, and body excretory products Note that any whole entity cannot be a biospecimen biospecimen Any material sample taken from a biological entity for testing, diagnostic, propagation, treatment or research purposes, including a sample obtained from a living organism or taken from the biological object after halting of all its life functions. Biospecimen can contain one or more components including but not limited to cellular molecules, cells, tissues, organs, body fluids, embryos, and body excretory products Modified from NCIT: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C70699 An entity of interest, either biological or otherwise. EXAMPLE(S): A human being who might be of interest because they are on a study, a sheep who might have experienced an adverse event, or a pacemaker that failed. An entity, either biologic or otherwise, of interest in an investigation. [Definition Source: NCI] subject An entity of interest, either biological or otherwise. EXAMPLE(S): A human being who might be of interest because they are on a study, a sheep who might have experienced an adverse event, or a pacemaker that failed. An entity, either biologic or otherwise, of interest in an investigation. [Definition Source: NCI] From investigative subject: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C79916 A set of related data (either written or electronic) and is a part of a dataset dataset file A set of related data (either written or electronic) and is a part of a dataset Derived from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42883 An item of hardware that is a part of another item of hardware. hardware component An item of hardware that is a part of another item of hardware. Loosely derived from NCIT A physical, manufactured or otherwise processed object that is used in a scientific investigation or clinical activity. hardware A physical, manufactured or otherwise processed object that is used in a scientific investigation or clinical activity. NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) Coordinated tasks and operations undertaken to meet a set of specific scientific or technical objectives, within clearly delineated time and location constraints. research mission Coordinated tasks and operations undertaken to meet a set of specific scientific or technical objectives, within clearly delineated time and location constraints. Modified from SMD Catalog definition of Mission NCIt Definition: A printed or electronic work offered for distribution. MSH Definition: Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181) CSP Definition: copy or copies of a document offered for distribution; includes the preparation of the documented material. publication document true NCIt Definition: A printed or electronic work offered for distribution. MSH Definition: Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181) CSP Definition: copy or copies of a document offered for distribution; includes the preparation of the documented material. https://ncimetathesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0034036 A bounded physical or digital representation of a body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate a particular subject, art, craft, technique, applied science and/or industrial service. technical paper true A bounded physical or digital representation of a body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate a particular subject, art, craft, technique, applied science and/or industrial service. https://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000148.rdf NPD 2200.1C - https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/n_pd_2200_001c_main.pdf Technical Publications and Reports - https://nasa.sharepoint.com/sites/NASASTIProgram/SitePages/Glossary.aspx#t The name applied to a plant, animal, or other organism, according to the Codes of Nomenclature, consisting of a Genus and species. scientific name The name applied to a plant, animal, or other organism, according to the Codes of Nomenclature, consisting of a Genus and species. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C43459 TBD Currently not in NGLSDA. (Dan to review with John) photo gallery NCIt Definition: A regularly issued printed or electronic report describing a main topic of interest to its subscribers. newsletter document true NCIt Definition: A regularly issued printed or electronic report describing a main topic of interest to its subscribers. NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) NCIT Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. CDISC Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. MGED Definition: A contacts affiliation, e.g. university, research institute or business. institution NCIT Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. CDISC Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. MGED Definition: A contacts affiliation, e.g. university, research institute or business. NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) A document that is about a mission. For LSDA, mission documents include mission personnel, operations, schedules, and other related documents. mission document true A person responsible for the overall conduct of a study principal investigator (human) How long something or someone has existed; measured at launch/start age (at launch/start) A vehicle operating or capable of operating in an extraterrestrial environment between the Earth's atmosphere and the innermost Earth radiation belt low earth orbit spacecraft A vehicle operating or capable of operating in an extraterrestrial environment beyond the Earth's radiation belts. beyond low earth orbit spacecraft Indicates the scientific area addressed by the study. This clas is maintained by NASA Life Sciences Data Archive. research area A vehicle which traverses or is capable of traversing the boundary between the atmosphere and space without reaching low earth orbit. suborbital space flight vehicle Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's atmmosphere. There is no universally accepted definition of where space begins. Some definitions use the K�rm�n line, a somewhat arbitrary boundary approximately 62 miles (100 kilometers) above sea level. The US FAA (https://www.faa.gov/space/human_spaceflight) does not define where space begins, but recognizes "any flight crew or space flight participant who is on an FAA-licensed launch or reentry vehicle and reaches 50 statute miles above the surface of the Earth" by listing their name on the FAA Commercial Human Space Flight Recognition web page (https://www.faa.gov/space/human_spaceflight/recognition/). space flight Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's atmosphere but inside the Earth's inner radiation belt. low earth orbit space flight Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's inner radiation belt. beyond low earth orbit space flight A flight within the atmosphere of the Earth or another body where an aircraft describes a series of parabolic arcs lasting on the order of tens of seconds to simulate microgravity parabolic flight A flight in which a vehicle, launched from either the ground or from an aircraft, has a trajectory which carries it above a substantial part of the atmosphere but does not reach orbit. The occupants and/or contents experience a period (typically minutes) of microgravity by virtue of being in free fall. suborbital space flight a self-contained unit of a spacecraft spacecraft module The experiment was conducted in the International Space Station module Columbus The experiment was conducted on the Russian module of the ISS. A self-contained unit of the International Space Station. international space station module Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. A spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies. space station A form or variant of an original hardware object or object type; one of a sequence of iterations of a hardware object, each incorporating new modifications. versioned hardware A form or variant of a type or original; one of a sequence of copies of a program, each incorporating new modifications. version A version of an object that is distinguished from other versions by its specific capabilities. configuration An organization with the capability to fund one or more realizable entities. funding organization An administrative program with the capability to fund one or more realizable entities. funding organization program An identifiable part of an organization with the capability to fund one or more realizable entities. program suborganization A planned process to execute a series of spaceflights. spaceflight program A wearable active dosimeter, based on direct ion storage technology, for use by spacecraft crewmembers. crew active dosimeter A wearable active dosimeter, based on direct ion storage technology, for use by spacecraft crewmembers. https://wrmiss.org/workshops/twentyfifth/Gaza.pdf space environment The region of space between the Earth and the Moon cis-lunar space environment true The region of space between the Earth and Mars cis-mars space environment true The regions of the solar system where physical and biological phenomena are relatively unaffected by the physical properties of planets and their moons (e.g. by their gravity, atmospheres, magnetic fields, or albedo radiation) compared to the influence of the Sun (e.g. through its gravitational pull, solar wind, magnetic field, and electromagnetic radiation). interplanetary space interplanetary space environment A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Earth's moon lunar orbit The area of the lunar landmass exposed to space lunar surface A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Mars mars orbit is distinct from mars' orbit, the latter of which refers to the orbit of the planet around the sun. The planet name can function as an adjective, meaning an orbit related to or associated with Mars. For example, a "Mars orbit" could be the path of a spacecraft around the planet. "Mars' orbit" (with an apostrophe) uses the possessive form of the noun "Mars" to indicate ownership or association. It specifically refers to the natural path and characteristics of the path of the planet Mars' around the Sun. Example of use: The Mars Science Laboratory entered Mars orbit prior to deployment of the landing system containing the Curiosity Rover. martian orbit mars orbit The area of the Mars landmass exposed to the Martian atmosphere martian surface mars surface The outermost solid or liquid area of a planet planet surface A radiation environment outside a commonly defined boundary marking the beginning of space (frequently the Karman line). space radiation environment The natural radiation environment of a region of a cis-lunar space environment cis-lunar space radiation environment true The natural radiation environment of a region of a cis-mars space environment cis-mars space radiation environment true The natural radiation environment of a region of interplanetary space free space radiation environment interplanetary space radiation environment The natural radiation environment in lunar orbit. Contributions to the lunar orbit radiation environment include: free space radiation, partially shielded by the body of the Moon; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the lunar crust; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the lunar crust. lunar orbit radiation environment The natural radiation environment on or adjacent to the surface of the moon. Contributions to the lunar surface radiation environment include: free space radiation, partially shielded by the body of the Moon; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the lunar crust; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the lunar crust. lunar surface radiation environment The natural radiation environment in Mars orbit. Contributions to the Mars orbit radiation environment include: free space radiation, partially shielded by the planetary body; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the Mars crust and modulated by interactions with the Martian atmosphere; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the Martian crust modulated by interactions with the Martian atmosphere. mars orbit radiation environment The natural radiation environment on or adjacent to the surface of Mars. Contributions to the lunar surface radiation environment include: free space radiation partially shielded by the planetary body and modulated by interactions with the Martian atmosphere; albedo radiation produced by interactions of free space radiation with the Martian crust; and, particles produced by decays of radioactive elements in the Martian crust. mars surface radiation environment The natural radiation environment of a region of a planetary surface planet surface radiation environment The natural radiation environment on or adjacent to the surface of a planet or moon, comprising: the free space radiation environment partially shielded by the planet or moon and modulated by interactions with the planet's or moon's crust, and atmosphere and magnetic field, if any, and radiation produced by naturally occurring radioactive elements in the planet's or moon's crust. A surface radiation environment can include both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation such as UVA, UVB and visible light, but often is used to refer to biologically damaging ionizing radiation such as galactic cosmic radiation and solar particles. surface radiation environment The natural radiation environment in the vicinity of Mars comprising: the free space radiation environment, radiation produced by interactions of the free space radiation environment with the Martian atmosphere and crust, and radiation produced by naturally occurring radioactive elements in the Martian crust. The Martian radiation environment varies with location and time--for example with proximity to the Martian surface, shielding by the planetary body, and with the solar cycle and periodic solar particle events. It can include both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation such as UVA, UVB and visible light, but often is used to refer to biologically damaging ionizing radiation such as galactic cosmic radiation and solar particles. martian radiation environment mars radiation environment The natural radiation environment on or in the vicinity of the Earth's moon, comprising: the free space radiation environment, radiation produced by interactions of the free space radiation environment with the lunar surface, and radiation produced by naturally occurring radioactive elements in the lunar crust. The lunar radiation environment varies with location and time--for example with proximity to the lunar surface, shielding by the Moon itself, and with the solar cycle and periodic solar particle events. It can include both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation such as UVA, UVB and visible light, but often is used to refer to biologically damaging ionizing radiation such as galactic cosmic radiation and solar particles. lunar radiation environment lunar orbit environment lunar surface environment martian orbit environment mars orbit environment martian surface environment mars surface environment Any extent of continuous biological sequence. GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern). A sequence feature is an extent of 'located' biological sequence, whose identity is determined by both its inherent sequence (ordering of monomeric units) and its position (start and end coordinates based on alignment with some reference). By contrast, 'biological sequences' are identified and distinguished only by their inehrent sequence, and not their position. Accordingly, the 'ATG' start codon in the coding DNA sequence of the human AKT gene is the same 'sequence' as the 'ATG' start codon in the human SHH gene, but these represent two distinct 'sequence features' in virtue of their different positions in the genome. sequence_feature true Formalizes the first identity criteria for a sequence feature of its sequence. true Formalizes the second identify criteiria for a sequence feature of its genomic position. We use the FALDO model to represent positional information, which links features to positional information through an instance of a Region class that represents the mapping of the feature onto some reference sequence. (But features can also be linked to Positions directly through the location property). A collection of sequence features (typically a collection of chromosomes) that covers the sum genetic material within a cell or virion (where 'genetic material' refers to any nucleic acid that is part of a cell or virion and has been inherited from an ancestor cell or virion, and/or can be replicated and inherited by its progeny) Genotype vs Genome in GENO: An (genomic) genotype is an information artifact representing a shorthand syntax for specifying what is known about variation in a genome sequence. This syntax has reference and variant components - a 'reference genome' and 'genomic variation complement' - that must be operated on to resolve a final genome sequence (i.e. substituting all sequences specified by the 'genomic variation complement' for the corresponding sequences in the 'reference genome'). So, while the total sequence content represented in a genotype may be greater than that in a genome, the intended resolution of these sequences is to arrive at a single genome sequence. 'genome sequence' A genome is considered the complement of all heritable sequence features in a given cell or organism (chromosomal or extrachromosomal). This is typically a collection of >1 sequence molecules (e.g. chromosomes), but in some organisms (e.g. bacteria) it may be a single sequence macromolecule (e.g. a circular plasmid). For this reason 'genome' classifies under 'sequence feature complement'. genome Organised collection of data or objects in a computational format, that are generated or collected by researchers in the course of their investigations, regardless of their form or method, that form the object on which researchers test a hypothesis. This includes the full range of data: raw, unprocessed datasets, proprietary generated and processed data and secondary data obtained from third parties. The presentation of the data in the application is enabled through metadata. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-4466 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-1982 dataset Organised collection of data or objects in a computational format, that are generated or collected by researchers in the course of their investigations, regardless of their form or method, that form the object on which researchers test a hypothesis. This includes the full range of data: raw, unprocessed datasets, proprietary generated and processed data and secondary data obtained from third parties. The presentation of the data in the application is enabled through metadata. RDMT. https://terms.codata.org/rdmt/dataset A level of depth of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy. taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000000 taxonomic_rank A level of depth of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy. TAXRANK:curator NCBITaxon:phylum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Phylum division taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000001 phylum NCBITaxon:class http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Class taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000002 class NCBITaxon:order http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Order taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000003 order NCBITaxon:family http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Family taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000004 family NCBITaxon:genus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Genus taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000005 genus NCBITaxon:species http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Species taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000006 species NCBITaxon:subclass http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subclass taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000007 subclass NCBITaxon:subphylum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#SubPhylum subdivision taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000008 subphylum NCBITaxon:subgenus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subgenus taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000009 subgenus NCBITaxon:species_group taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000010 species_group NCBITaxon:species_subgroup species complex taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000011 species_subgroup taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000012 species_complex NCBITaxon:infraorder http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infraorder taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000013 infraorder pmidford NCBITaxon:suborder http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Suborder taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000014 suborder pmidford NCBITaxon:superclass http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Superclass taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000015 superclass pmidford NCBITaxon:varietas variety taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000016 varietas pmidford NCBITaxon:kingdom http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Kingdom taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000017 kingdom pmidford NCBITaxon:superfamily http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Superfamily taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000018 superfamily pmidford NCBITaxon:infraclass http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infraclass taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000019 infraclass pmidford NCBITaxon:superorder http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Superorder taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000020 superorder pmidford NCBITaxon:parvorder taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000021 parvorder pmidford NCBITaxon:superkingdom http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Superkingdom taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000022 superkingdom pmidford NCBITaxon:subspecies http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subspecies taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000023 subspecies pmidford NCBITaxon:subfamily http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subfamily taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000024 subfamily pmidford NCBITaxon:tribe http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Tribe taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000025 tribe pmidford NCBITaxon:forma http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Form form taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000026 forma pmidford NCBITaxon:superphylum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Superphylum superdivision taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000027 superphylum pmidford NCBITaxon:subtribe http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subtribe taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000028 subtribe pmidford NCBITaxon:subkingdom http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subkingdom taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000029 subkingdom pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Section taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000030 section pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Series taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000031 series pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Bio-variety taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000032 bio-variety pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Candidate taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000033 candidate pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Cultivar taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000034 cultivar pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Cultivar-group taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000035 cultivar-group pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#DenominationClass taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000036 denominationclass pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Domain empire taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000037 domain pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Graft-chimaera taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000038 graft-chimaera pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Grex taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000039 grex pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infraphylum infradivision taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000040 infraphylum pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infrafamily taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000041 infrafamily pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#InfragenericTaxon taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000042 infragenerictaxon pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infragenus taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000043 infragenus pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infrakingdom taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000044 infrakingdom pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infraspecies taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000045 infraspecies pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#InfraspecificTaxon taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000046 infraspecificTaxon pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Infratribe taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000047 infratribe pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#patho-variety taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000048 patho-variety pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Specialform taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000049 specialform pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#SpeciesAggregate taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000050 speciesaggregate pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Sub-Variety taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000051 subvariety pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Sub-Sub-Variety taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000052 subsubvariety pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subsection taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000053 subsection pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subseries taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000054 subseries pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#SubspecificAggregate taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000055 subspecificaggregate pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Subsubform taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000056 subsubform pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#Supertribe taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000057 supertribe pmidford http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonRank#SupragenericTaxon taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000058 supragenerictaxon pmidford taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000059 subform A token asserting that the taxon was not assigned a rank. pmidford taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0000060 no_rank A token asserting that the taxon was not assigned a rank. TAXRANK:curator Azotobacter chroococcum (strain mcd 1) (NCBITaxon:355) has rank strain orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:strain taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001001 strain Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3/Gambia (NCBITaxon:5838) is an isolate orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:isolate taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001002 isolate Bovine adenovirus 3 (NCBITaxon:10510) has rank serotype orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:serotype taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001003 serotype Embryophyta (NCBITaxon:3193) has rank clade orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:clade taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001004 clade Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (NCBITaxon:5508) has rank forma specialis orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:forma_specialis taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001005 forma specialis Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NCBITaxon:491) has rank serogroup orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:serogroup taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001006 serogroup Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (NCBITaxon:33745) has rank genotype orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:genotype taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001007 genotype Haemophilus influenzae biotype aegyptius (NCBITaxon:725) has rank biotype orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:biotype taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001008 biotype Acontias orientalis morph lineacauda (NCBITaxon:304407) has rank morph orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:morph taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001009 morph Polyneoptera (NCBITaxon:33341) has rank cohort orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:cohort taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001010 cohort Xanthomonas axonopodis subcluster 9.1 (NCBITaxon:1982676) has rank pathogroup orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:pathogroup taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001011 pathogroup Ostariophysi (NCBITaxon:32519) has rank subcohort orcid:0000-0003-4423-4370 NCBITaxon:subcohort taxonomic_rank TAXRANK:0001012 subcohort processual entity Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. anatomical unit body organ element organ The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm external ectoderm Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. blastula embryo blastosphere blastula material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. immaterial anatomical entity Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems anatomical system Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism multi-cellular organism Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. acellular anatomical structures acellular anatomical structure anatomical cluster Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. anatomical cluster Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue tissue Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. epithelial tissue portion of epithelium epithelium Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. stratified epithelium laminated epithelium multilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. simple epithelium unilaminar epithelia unilaminar epithelium Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryonic organism developing organism developmental tissue embryo A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. embryonic tissue germinal layer primary germ layer embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers germ layer Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. embryonic ectoderm ectoderm Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. apparatus respiratorius respiratory system Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium respiratory system true Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures embryonic structure Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. portion of connective tissue textus connectivus Bindegewebe connective tissue Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. integumentary system body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface integumental system In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. epiblast blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm epiblast (generic) Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. gill Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. anatomical surface feature surface feature surface region surface structures surface structure A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system respiratory system connective tissue An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative ectoderm-derived structure An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue respiratory system epithelium A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. portion of embryonic tissue developing tissue embryonic tissue developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue developing anatomical structure An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. acellular membrane An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis basement membrane basement membrane of epithelium Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. future structure presumptive structures presumptive structure Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. presumptive epidermis presumptive ectoderm A rigid covering that envelops an object. shell Organism at the cleavage stage. cleaving embryo The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer hypoderm hypodermis outer epithelium Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. EVL enveloping layer enveloping layer of ectoderm An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure germ layer / neural crest Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. ectoderm-derived epithelium ecto-epithelium A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. respiratory system basement membrane Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. disconnected anatomical group "A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit length unit A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points. "A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] length unit mass unit A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object. "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mass unit time unit A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. time derived unit time derived unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] time unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the flow of electric charge." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] electric current unit temperature unit temperature derived unit temperature derived unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] temperature unit substance unit "A unit which is a standardised quantity of an element or compound with uniform composition." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] substance unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] luminous intensity unit "A unit which is one of a particular measure to which all measures of that type can be related." [NIST:NIST] base unit prefix "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a 2-dimensional flat surface." [UOC:GVG] area unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of change of velocity in either speed or direction." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] acceleration unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] angular velocity unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of change of angular velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] angular acceleration unit concentration unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance." [UOC:GVG] concentration unit mass per unit volume "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] mass density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the luminous intensity impinging on a given area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] luminance unit mass per unit area unit "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] area density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] molar mass unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] molar volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity of motion measured by the product of mass and velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] momentum unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the number of rotations in a given time." [NIST:NIST] rotational frequency unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a given mass of substance (the reciprocal of density)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] specific volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of movement. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] speed/velocity unit "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of moles of a given substance per liter of solution." [UOC:GVG] unit of molarity "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of moles of a given substance per kilogram of solvent." [UOC:GVG] unit of molality "A unit of concentration which highlights the chemical nature of salts." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit of normality volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] volume unit frequency unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time." [NIST:NIST] frequency unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the force is applied when a mass is accelerated." [NIST:NIST] force unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the force applied to a given area." [NIST:NIST] pressure unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the work done by a certain force (gravitational, electric, magnetic, force of inertia, etc)." [NIST:NIST] energy unit "A unit which is a standard measure power or the rate of doing work." [NIST:NIST] power unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the luminous flux incident on a unit area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] illuminance unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the flow of radiant energy." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] luminous flux unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of the action of a catalyst." [NIST:NIST] catalytic activity unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] angle unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by two straight lines in the same plane." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] plane angle unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by three or more planes intersecting at a common point." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] solid angle unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of radiation emitted by a given radiation source as well as the amount of radiation absorbed or deposited in a specific material by a radiation source." [OCRBS:OCRBS] radiation unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the transformation (disintegration) rate of a radioactive substance." [DEFRA:DEFRA] activity (of a radionuclide) unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the energy imparted by ionizing radiation to unit mass of matter such as tissue." [DEFRA:DEFRA] absorbed dose unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the expression of dose in terms of its biological effect." [ORCBS:ORCBS] dose equivalent unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity that expresses the ability of radiation to ionize air and thereby create electric charges which can be collected and measured." [ORCBS:ORCBS] exposure unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] irradiance unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the intensity of light." [NIST:NIST] light unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] radiant intensity unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the power of electromagnetic radiation through space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] radiance unit "A dimensionless concentration notation which describes the amount of one substance in another. It is the ratio of the amount of the substance of interest to the amount of that substance plus the amount of the substance." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] parts per notation unit "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of units, as an agreed arbitrary amount, of a given substance per a specific volume of solution." [Webmd:Webmd] unit per volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] density unit "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] linear density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dimensionless unit % "A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] percent count "A dimensionless unit which denotes a simple count of things." [MGED:MGED] count unit "A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ratio unit "A dimensionless ratio unit which relates the part (the numerator) to the whole (the denominator)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] fraction "A concentration unit which denotes the average cell number in a given volume." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline] cell concentration unit "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of the action of a catalyst in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] catalytic (activity) concentration unit "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the given volume of the solute in the total volume of the resulting solution." [NIST:NIST] volume per unit volume "A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] plaque forming unit per volume "A unit which is a standard measure of the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved between two points in an electric field." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] electric potential difference unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons." [WordNet:WordNet] electric charge "A unit which is a standard measure of quantity of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] magnetic flux unit B "A unit which is a standard measure of the strength of a magnetic field." [allnet:allnet] magnetic flux density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of information." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] information unit "An information unit which is a standard measure of the detail an image holds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] image resolution unit "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the way luminance and chrominance may be sampled at different levels." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] spatial resolution unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the ability of a liguid to attraction of molecules at its surface as a result of unbalanced molecular cohesive forces." [NIST:NIST] surface tension unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the internal resistance of fluids to flow." [UOC:GVG] viscosity unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of the transmission of an entity through a medium." [UOC:GVG] conduction unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of the movement of electrically charged particles through a transmission medium (electrical conductor)." [UOC:GVG] electrical conduction unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter, from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] heat conduction unit E-field strength "The electric field strength is a unit which is a measure of the potential difference between two points some distance apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field] electric field strength unit volumetric flow rate unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time ." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] volumetric flow rate unit rate unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement occurrence of a process per unit time." [UOC:GVG] rate unit 10^[9] G "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of ten to the power of 9." [UO:GVG] giga 10^[6] M "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of million." [UO:GVG] mega 10^[3] k "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] kilo 10^[-1] d "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one tenth." [UO:GVG] deci 10^[-3] m "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] milli 10^[-2] c "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundred." [UO:GVG] centi 10^[-6] "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -6." [UO:GVG] micro 10^[-9] n "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -9." [UO:GVG] nano 10^[-12] n "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -12." [GVG:UO] pico 10^[-15] f "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -15." [UO:GVG] femto a 10^[-18] "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -18." [UO:GVG] atto "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance administered to a recipient subject, expressed in terms of the size of the subject." [UO:PC] dose unit meter based unit second based unit ampere based unit kelvin based unit mole based unit candela based unit angstrom based unit gram based unit degree Celsius based unit minute based unit hour based unit day based unit week based unit month based unit year based unit molar based unit molal based unit normal based unit mole fraction based unit meter per second per second based unit radian per second per second based unit radian per second based unit square meter based unit square centimeter based unit square millimeter based unit gram per cubic centimeter based unit candela per square meter based unit gram per mole based unit cubic meter per mole based unit cubic centimeter per mole based unit turns per second based unit cubic meter per kilogram based unit meter per second based unit cubic meter based unit cubic centimeter based unit liter based unit cubic decimeter based unit hertz based unit newton based unit pascal based unit joule based unit watt based unit lux based unit lumen based unit katal based unit radian based unit steradian based unit becquerel based unit curie based unit gray based unit rad based unit roentgen based unit sievert based unit Roentgen equivalent man based unit disintegrations per minute based unit counts per minute based unit century based unit half life based unit foot candle based unit watt per square meter based unit einstein per square meter per second based unit watt per steradian per square meter based unit watt per steradian based unit mass percentage based unit mass volume percentage based unit volume percentage based unit parts per hundred based unit parts per thousand based unit parts per million based unit parts per billion based unit parts per trillion based unit parts per quadrillion based unit gram per milliliter based unit gram per liter based unit unit per milliliter based unit unit per liter based unit mass per unit volume based unit enzyme unit based unit degree based unit pi based unit molecule count based unit purity percentage based unit confluence percentage based unit degree Fahrenheit based unit pH based unit liter per kilogram based unit cells per milliliter based unit katal per cubic meter based unit katal per liter based unit gram per deciliter based unit colony forming unit based unit plaque forming unit based unit colony forming unit per milliliter based unit plaque forming unit per milliliter based unit disintegrations per second based unit volt based unit coulomb based unit dalton based unit watt-hour based unit weber based unit tesla based unit volt-hour based unit bit based unit byte based unit chroma sampling unit based unit dynamic range unit based unit dots per inch based unit pixels per inch based unit pixels per millimeter based unit base pair based unit kibibyte based unit mebibyte based unit newton per meter based unit dyne per cm based unit pascal second based unit poise based unit effective dose unit based unit siemens based unit watt per meter kelvin based unit electronvolt based unit volt per meter based unit absorbance unit based unit count per nanomolar second based unit count per molar second based unit count per nanomolar based unit count per molar based unit dosage unit based unit relative light unit based unit relative luminescence unit based unit relative fluorescence unit based unit square micrometer based unit hectare based unit inch based unit thou based unit foot based unit yard based unit chain based unit furlong based unit mile based unit league based unit maritime length unit based unit fathom based unit cable based unit nautical mile based unit perch based unit rood based unit acre based unit fluid ounce based unit gill based unit pint based unit quart based unit gallon based unit grain based unit drachm based unit ounce based unit pound based unit stone based unit quarter based unit hundredweight based unit ton based unit slug based unit teaspoon based unit gram per square meter based unit large calorie based unit gray per minute based unit The DCMI Type Vocabulary provides a general, cross-domain list of approved terms that may be used as values for the Resource Type element to identify the genre of a resource. 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A list of types used to categorize the nature or genre of the content of the resource. DCMI Type Vocabulary 2000-07-11 A set of date encoding schemes and/or formats Date Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of format encoding schemes. Format Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of resource identifier encoding schemes and/or formats Resource Identifier Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of language encoding schemes and/or formats. Language Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of resource relation encoding schemes and/or formats Resource Relation Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of source encoding schemes and/or formats Source Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of geographic place encoding schemes and/or formats Place Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of subject encoding schemes and/or formats Subject Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of encoding schemes for the coverage qualifier "temporal" Encoding Schemes for temporal characteristics 2000-07-11 A set of resource type encoding schemes and/or formats Resource Type Encoding Schemes Acquaintance 1 1 1 1 1 To specify the components of the delivery address for the object Address Agent This class is deprecated BBS true This class is deprecated Car true Also called mobile telephone Cell Child Colleague Contact Coresident Coworker Crush Date This class is deprecated Dom true To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object the vCard represents. Use the hasEmail object property. Email true Emergency Fax Female Friend Used for gender codes. The URI of the gender code must be used as the value for Gender. Gender 1 Object representing a group of persons or entities. A group object will usually contain hasMember properties to specify the members of the group. Group This implies that the property is related to an individual's personal life Home This class is deprecated ISDN true An object representing a single person or entity Individual This class is deprecated Internet true This class is deprecated Intl true Kin 1 The parent class for all objects Kind This class is deprecated Label true An object representing a named geographical place Location Male Me Met This class is deprecated Modem true This class is deprecated Msg true Muse 0 1 1 0 0 To specify the components of the name of the object Name Neighbor None An object representing an organization. An organization is a single entity, and might represent a business or government, a department or division within a business or government, a club, an association, or the like. Organization Other This class is deprecated PCS true Pager This class is deprecated Parcel true Parent This class is deprecated Postal true This class is deprecated Pref true Used for relation type codes. The URI of the relation type code must be used as the value for the Relation Type. Relation Type Sibling Spouse Sweetheart This class is deprecated. Use the hasTelephone object property. Tel true Used for telephone type codes. The URI of the telephone type code must be used as the value for the Telephone Type. Phone Also called sms telephone Text Text phone Used for type codes. The URI of the type code must be used as the value for Type. Type Unknown The vCard class is equivalent to the new Kind class, which is the parent for the four explicit types of vCards (Individual, Organization, Location, Group) VCard Video Voice This implies that the property is related to an individual's work place Work This class is deprecated X400 true A bus (also omnibus or autobus) is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Coaches are luxury busses, usually in service for long distance travel. BusOrCoach A car is a wheeled, self-powered motor vehicle used for transportation. Car A <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/CompleteDataFeed">CompleteDataFeed</a> is a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/DataFeed">DataFeed</a> whose standard representation includes content for every item currently in the feed.<br/><br/> This is the equivalent of Atom's element as defined in Feed Paging and Archiving <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5005">RFC 5005</a>, for example (and as defined for Atom), when using data from a feed that represents a collection of items that varies over time (e.g. "Top Twenty Records") there is no need to have newer entries mixed in alongside older, obsolete entries. By marking this feed as a CompleteDataFeed, old entries can be safely discarded when the feed is refreshed, since we can assume the feed has provided descriptions for all current items. CompleteDataFeed A single feed providing structured information about one or more entities or topics. DataFeed A body of structured information describing some topic(s) of interest. Dataset A chemical or biologic substance, used as a medical therapy, that has a physiological effect on an organism. Here the term drug is used interchangeably with the term medicine although clinical knowledge makes a clear difference between them. Drug A subclass of OrganizationRole used to describe employee relationships. EmployeeRole Fitness-related activity designed for a specific health-related purpose, including defined exercise routines as well as activity prescribed by a clinician. ExercisePlan A Role that represents a Web link, e.g. as expressed via the 'url' property. Its linkRelationship property can indicate URL-based and plain textual link types, e.g. those in IANA link registry or others such as 'amphtml'. This structure provides a placeholder where details from HTML's link element can be represented outside of HTML, e.g. in JSON-LD feeds. LinkRole A type of blood vessel that specifically carries lymph fluid unidirectionally toward the heart. LymphaticVessel A guideline recommendation that is regarded as efficacious and where quality of the data supporting the recommendation is sound. MedicalGuidelineRecommendation An observational study is a type of medical study that attempts to infer the possible effect of a treatment through observation of a cohort of subjects over a period of time. In an observational study, the assignment of subjects into treatment groups versus control groups is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with controlled studies, such as the randomized controlled trials represented by MedicalTrial, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treatment group or a control group before the start of the treatment. MedicalObservationalStudy A simple system that adds up the number of risk factors to yield a score that is associated with prognosis, e.g. CHAD score, TIMI risk score. MedicalRiskScore A motorcycle or motorbike is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycle A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor used to power the vehicle, or to assist with pedaling. MotorizedBicycle A subclass of Role used to describe roles within organizations. OrganizationRole A medical test performed by a laboratory that typically involves examination of a tissue sample by a pathologist. PathologyTest A PerformanceRole is a Role that some entity places with regard to a theatrical performance, e.g. in a Movie, TVSeries etc. PerformanceRole A photograph. Photograph A doctor's office. Physician A process of care using radiation aimed at improving a health condition. RadiationTherapy A patient-reported or observed dosing schedule for a drug or supplement. ReportedDoseSchedule A Research project. ResearchProject Represents additional information about a relationship or property. For example a Role can be used to say that a 'member' role linking some SportsTeam to a player occurred during a particular time period. Or that a Person's 'actor' role in a Movie was for some particular characterName. Such properties can be attached to a Role entity, which is then associated with the main entities using ordinary properties like 'member' or 'actor'.<br/><br/> See also <a href="http://blog.schema.org/2014/06/introducing-role.html">blog post</a>. Role An indication for treating an underlying condition, symptom, etc. TreatmentIndication A vehicle is a device that is designed or used to transport people or cargo over land, water, air, or through space. Vehicle Vital signs are measures of various physiological functions in order to assess the most basic body functions. VitalSign Deflecting Prism A Prism designed to deflect a beam of light entering the Prism by a fixed angle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cooling Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the thermal energy of a system decreases. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Designative Name Name A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified cultural or social namespace and which is typically a word or phrase in a natural language that has an accepted cultural or social significance. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Change A Process in which some independent continuant endures and 1) one or more of the dependent entities it bears increase or decrease in intensity, 2) the entity begins to bear some dependent entity or 3) the entity ceases to bear some dependent entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act A Process in which at least one Agent plays a causative role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Upper Midrange Frequency A Sonic Frequency that is between 2 and 4 kHz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Natural Process A Process existing in or produced by nature; rather than by the intent of human beings. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/natural+process https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Sound Frequency A Frequency that is the rate of Oscillations per second of a Sound Wave. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Mass Density Density A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's mass per unit volume. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Incorporated Organization Corporation An Organization formed by an Act of Incorporation that consists of an association of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members and owners, and having powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members and owners. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/corporation https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Nominal Stasis Nominal A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has a level of intensity or functionality that falls within the designed, expected, or acceptable range such that the Independent Continuant is of normal value, usefulness, or functionality. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nominal (Definition 6) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Propulsion Control System A Control System that consists of control devices, displays, indicators, or modules designed to control a Propulsion System. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Gain of Generically Dependent Continuant A Gain of Dependent Continuant wherein some Independent Continuant becomes the carrier of some Generically Dependent Continuant. A Person forms a Plan, A Person is initiated into a Religion, A photgraphic image is produced. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Aztec Code A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used by the transportation industry to scan tickets. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Shotgun A Long Gun that fires packets of shot, a single slug, a sabot, or a specialty round (such as tear gas, bolo shell, or a breaching round) over shorter ranges than that of Rifles and with less accuracy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shotgun&oldid=1062571691 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Triangular Waveform A Waveform that is characterized by a triangular shape due to the continuous linear zig-zag transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Minor Axis A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the longest line segment perpendicular to the Major Axis that connects two points on the edge of an Ellipse. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes&oldid=1047911304 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Title Document A Legal Instrument that is designed as evidence of ownership. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_(property) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Power Inverting Artifact Function A Current Conversion Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Container A Material Artifact that is designed to contain (wholly or partially) some material entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sensor Platform A Material Artifact that is designed to support, and in some cases transport, a Sensor during its deployment and functioning. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radio Communication Reception Artifact Function A Communication Reception Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact receives information transmitted from another Artifact, where the transmission of information occurs using radio waves. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sensor Deployment Artifact Function An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to support or convey one or more Sensors while the Sensors are realizing their own Artifact Functions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Advising An Act of Directive Communication performed by providing advice or counsel to another agent. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/advising https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Electronic Stock Stock that consists of Bytes. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Hair Color A Quality inhering in a portion of Hair by virtue of its color. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Mailing Act of Mailing An Act of Communication by Media in which information and tangible objects, usually written documents, are delivered to destinations around the world. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mail&oldid=1057401839 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Dispersive Prism A Prism designed to break up a beam of light entering the Prism into its constituent spectral colors by leveraging the refractive index of light based on its Frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Median Point Estimate Information Content Entity Median A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to either the middle value or the average of the two values which separate the set into two equally populated upper and lower sets. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Nuclear Reactor A Power Source that is designed to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction to produce power in the form of heat, which can be transferred to a working fluid for further conversion to mechanical or electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_reactor&oldid=1063370273 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Atmospheric Feature A Geographic Feature that is part of the atmosphere (including the atmosphere itself as a non-proper part) having a relatively stable lifecycle and which has a location that can be distinguished from the surrounding portion of the atmosphere. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Church A Religious Facility that is designed for Christian worship and prayer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_(building) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Decrease of Role A Decrease of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Role that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Conveyance Artifact Function A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the bearer of the function conveys entities from one location to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&oldid=1063682179 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Soft X-ray Frequency An X-Ray Frequency that is between 30 petahertz and 3 exahertz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Waste Management Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of collecting transporting processing recycling or disposing and monitoring of waste materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waste_management&oldid=1062844209 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Observation A Planned Act of acquiring information from a source via the use of one or more senses. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Observation&oldid=1062502087 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology System Role A Role that inheres in an entity in virtue of its parts or elements being arranged in such a way that they together exhibit behavior or meaning that they do not exhibit individually. https://www.incose.org/about-systems-engineering/system-and-se-definition/general-system-definition https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Solid Fuel A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a solid state. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Grocery Store A Commercial Facility that is designed to sell food. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&oldid=1060022873 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Hostel A Residential Facility that is designed to temporarily lodge guests in a sociable environment for relatively low costs. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hostel&oldid=1057812930 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Semicircular A Shape quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having the shape of half a circle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Portion of Solid Propellant A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a solid state. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Eye Color A Quality inhering in an Eye by virtue of the color of the Eye's Iris. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Petroleum Depot A Storage Facility that is designed to store petroleum, oil, or lubricants. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Province A First-Order Administrative Region that is part of a Country and delimits the authority of a magistrate who holds constitutionally-defined administrative jurisdiction over the defined geographic territory that bounds the Province. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Province&oldid=1062496131 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Flow Control Valves are often more complex than a simple Valve and typically include an Actuator that is capable of automatically adjusting the state of the valve in response to signals from a connected Sensor or Controller. Flow Control Valve A Valve that is designed to regulate the flow or Pressure of a fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flow_control_valve&oldid=1013438085 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Random Wire Antenna A Wire Antenna that consists of a long wire suspended above the ground with a length that does not bear a relation to the wavelength of the radio waves used and which is typically used as a receiving antenna on the long, medium, and short wave bands. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Random_wire_antenna&oldid=1058546356 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Banknote A Portion of Cash that consists of a portable slips of paper or fabric designed to bear some specified Financial Value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Very High Frequency Communication Instrument A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some Very High Frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology An Act of Construction typically involves the production of only one or a limited number of goods, such as in the construction of an airport or a community of condominiums. Act of Construction An Act of Artifact Processing wherein Artifacts are built on site as prescribed by some contract. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Religious Facility A Facility that is designed for worship and prayer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion&oldid=1063431202 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Ground Motor Vehicle A Ground Vehicle that is designed to receive its motive power from an Engine and is not designed to travel on rails. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motor_vehicle&oldid=1063627395 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stirling Engine An External Combusion Engine that is designed to compress and expand some working fluid at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stirling_engine&oldid=1061164490 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Healthcare Facility A Facility that is designed for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medicine&oldid=1062226814 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Reaction Engine Reaction Motor An Engine that provides propulsion by expelling Reaction Mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reaction_engine&oldid=1046981784 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Mobile Telephone A Telephone that is connected to a Telephone Network by radio waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone&oldid=1061800841 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Scalp Hair A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of hair that grows on the scalp of a human or other animal. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Telephone Line Telephone Circuit A Telecommunication Network Line that consists of a physical wire or other signaling medium that is designed to be part of a Telephone Network. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_line&oldid=1063429738 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Open Pit Mine A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ground directly without using tunnels. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open-pit_mining&oldid=1059271938 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Measurement Unit of Flow A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which portions of a substance pass per unit of time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Frequency Measurement Artifact Function A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Frequency of a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology This is a defined class. Multi-Hour Temporal Interval A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Hours and spans at least one Hour. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Book An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity by means of ink, paper, parchment, or other materials fastened together to hinge at one side. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book&oldid=1063132471 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Location Change An Act of Motion in which the location of some Object is changed by some Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Military Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes related to the armed services. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military&oldid=1063431234 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology In traditional astronomical usage, civil time is mean solar time as calculated from midnight as the beginning of the Civil Day. Note that Civil Time Reference System is more accurately represented as a Temporal Reference System that participates in an act of usage that is sanctioned by an appropriate civil authority. As such, it should be represented as a defined class. Civil Time Reference System A Temporal Reference System that is a statutory time scale as designated by civilian authorities to determine local time(s). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Three-Dimensional Path A Three-Dimensional Spatial Region that encompasses the spatial region through which some Object travels. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Transcript A Document that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that was originally recorded in a different medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transcript&oldid=1038510063 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ground Track Point A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is an idealized point located on the surface of an Astronomical Body directly below an Object Track Point. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Town A Local Administrative Region in which a human population permanently resides that is typically larger than the population of a Village but smaller than that of a City; is designated as a town based on a particular administrative, legal, or historical status; and which delimits a local Government that typically exercises less power than that of a City Government. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/town https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Low Density Residential Area A Populated Place where houses are on lots of more than one acre. Anderson et. al. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for use with Remote Sensor Data, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Temporal Interval Identifier One-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Measurement Unit of Acceleration A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which objects change their velocities per unit of time. feet per second per second, kilometers per second per second https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Optical Microscope Light Microscope A Microscope that is designed to use visible light and a system of Optical Lenses to produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Optical_microscope&oldid=1063131242 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wired Communication Artifact Function A Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of a (usually cylindrical) flexible strand or rod of metal. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications&oldid=1061143810 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Code Identifier Code ID ID Code Identifier Code A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that was created and assigned according to an encoding system such that metadata can be derived from the identifier. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Although the boundary between Act of Estimation and guessing is vague, estimation can be partially distinguished from guessing in that every Act of Estimation has as input some relevant information; whereas an act of guessing can occur sans information (or at least sans pertinent information). For example, if Mr. Green were asked how many blades of grass are in his lawn, he could simply choose a number (i.e. he could guess) or he could estimate the number by counting how many baldes of grass are in 1 square foot of his lawn, measuring the square footage of his lawn, and then multiplying these values to arrive at a number. Hence, many estimates may be loosely considered to be educated guesses. Note that, while every Act of Measuring arguably involves some degree of estimation (for example, a measuring instrument rounding to the nearest ten-thousandth or an Agent reading an analog display), it would be a mistake to classify all Acts of Measuring as Acts of Estimation. This holds even for cases (e.g. census taking) in which sofisticated estimations are often more accurate than other means of measuring (e.g. enumeration). Act of Estimation Act of Approximation An Act of Measuring that involves the comparison of a measurement of a similar Entity or of a portion of the Entity being estimated to produce an approximated measurement of the target Entity. measuring how much time a train will add to your commute by measuring how long it takes for 10 train cars to pass a given point and then combining this information with an estimate of how many train cars are in a typical train based on your past experience measuring the amount of time required to do a task based on how long it took to do a similar task in the past measuring the height of a building by counting the number of floors and multiplying it by the height of an average floor in an average building measuring the property value of a house based on its square footage and the average cost per square foot of other houses in the area In all cases, the Agent in an Act of Estimation either lacks complete information, lacks access to the relevant information, or chooses not to use the complete information (perhaps to save money or time) about the thing being estimated; instead, the Agent uses some or all of the relevant information that the Agent does have as a basis for arriving at the estimate. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Social Movement A Social Act composed of a series of performances, displays and campaigns directed at implementing, resisting or undoing a change in society. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_movement&oldid=1062720561 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Standard Time of Day Identifier A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using the Hours, Minutes, and Seconds of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Cutting Weapon A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of separating some portion of its target into two or more portions through the application of acutely directed force. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cutting&oldid=1058846915 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Green A Color that is between Yellow and Cyan with a wavelength in the visible spectrum, typically between 520 to 560 nanometers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Process Ending A Process Boundary that occurs on a Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is the ending instant of the One-Dimensional Temporal Region on which the Process, of which the Process Boundary is a part, occurs. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Bodily Component A Fiat Object Part located within or on the surface of an Agent. Bodily Components include anatomical structures, body flora, pathogens, toxins, and their combinations. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3017014/ https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Minute A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Seconds. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=minute https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Autopilot System Autopilot A Vehicle Control System that is designed to enable some Agent to control the trajectory of a Vehicle without constant 'hands-on' control. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autopilot&oldid=1063382206 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology An Ordinal Date Identifier may or may not also contain a number indicating a specific Year. If both numbers are included, the ISO 8601 ordinal date format stipulates that the two numbers be formatted as YYYY-DDD or YYYYDDD where [YYYY] indicates a year and [DDD] is the day of that year, from 001 through 365 (or 366 in leap years). Ordinal Date Identifier Ordinal Date A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the beginning of the Year. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ordinal_date&oldid=1061989434 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Firearm A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Bullets or Cartridges. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firearm&oldid=1061216363 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Skill An Agent Capability that inheres in a Person to the extent of that Person's capacity to realize it in Intentional Acts of a certain type. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Infrared Telescope A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing infrared light to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infrared_telescope&oldid=1062918090 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Coolant A Portion of Material that is designed to be used in a thermal control system to reduce or maintain the temperature of an object to or at a specified level. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Bidirectional Transducer A Transducer that is designed to receive a signal in the form of physical phenomena and convert it into an electrical signal, and vice versa. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transducer&oldid=1053290948 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Preferred Stock Stock that entitles its holder to receive a certain level of dividend payments before any dividends can be issued to other holders. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Seat of National Government A Government Building that is designed for the administration of a sovereign nation. Parliament of Canada United States Capitol https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seat_of_government&oldid=1063047501 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Control Surface A Material Artifact that is designed to deflect air, water, or another medium around its surface in order to change the Attitude of a Vehicle by rotating the Vehicle on one or more of its Axes of Rotation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight_control_surfaces&oldid=1019271264 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Propulsion System A Material Artifact that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another and which consists of a source of mechanical power and a means of converting this power into propulsive force to generate the movement. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propulsion&oldid=1022034059 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Complex Optical Lens Lens System An Optical Lens consisting of more than one Simple Optical Lenses. Hecht, Eugene (1987). Optics (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-11609-0. Chapters 5 & 6. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electrical Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to perform a process involving electrical power. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wave Process A Natural Process that involves Oscillation accompanied by a transfer of energy that travels through a portion of matter or spatial region. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wave&oldid=1062648180 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Stasis of Partially Mission Capable A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is capable of performing some but not all of its primary functions for the specified Mission. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Portion of Liquid Oxygen A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid oxygen. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Skin Type is classified according to a reference system such as the Fitzpatrick scale: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzpatrick_scale Skin Type A Quality inhering in a portion of skin by virtue of its color and natural tendency to respond to ultraviolet light. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Vehicle Compartment Compartment A Material Artifact that is designed to partition a Vehicle into subdivisions for various purposes. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Underwater Mine A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ocean floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naval_mine&oldid=1062538523 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Square A Rectangular shape which has four equal length sides and four 90 degree angles. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology An End of Life Stasis (EoL) is distinguished from a Stasis of Partially Mission Capable or Stasis of Non-Mission Capable in that EoL is more inclusive such that the participating Artifact may be either Partially or Non-Mission Capable. Additionally, EoL applies only to Artifacts and is typically determined in relation to its original mission and designed primary functions. In contrast, an Artifact's level of Mission Capability depends on the requirements of the mission under consideration such that a given Artifact may simultaneously be Fully Mission Capable for mission1, Partially Mission Capable for mission2, and Non-Mission Capable for mission3. End of Life Stasis A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when the participating Artifact is no longer capable of realizing all of its designed primary Artifact Functions. EOL EoL https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Increase of Generically Dependent Continuant An Increase of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Generically Dependent Continuant that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Rail Facility A Transportation Facility that is designed for transferring people or cargo to and from Trains. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Train_station&oldid=1063922802 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Act of Military Force A Planned Act of employing a Military Force to achieve some desired result. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Mechanical Process A Process that is the realization of some Disposition of an Artifact https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Air Inlet Air Intake A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of an opening that is designed to capture and direct the flow of air into the system it is part of. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Translucent An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit some but not all electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs some but not all electromagnetic radiation of that frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Ventilation Control Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to control the quality of air in some space. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Unix Temporal Instant A Temporal Instant as specified by the number of Seconds that have elapsed since the specified Epoch Time as described by an implementation of Unix Time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Stasis of Disposition A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Disposition that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Pump A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to impart motion to a portion of fluid to transport it within a system through the use of mechanical action. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Information Processing Artifact A Material Artifact that is designed to use algorithms to transform some Information Content Entity into another Information Content Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Artifact Function Specification A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Artifact Function and which is part of some Artifact Model. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Spatial Orientation Attitude A Relational Quality that is the angle of Rotation of an Object relative to one or more Plane of Reference or Axis of Rotation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientation_(geometry) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Measurement Unit A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unit_of_measurement&oldid=1061038125 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Act of Conducting Mass Media Interview An Act of Mass Media Communication involving a conversation between a reporter and a person of public interest, used as a basis of a broadcast or publication. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Vehicle Track Point An Object Track Point that is where a Vehicle is or was located during some motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Examples: apologizing, condoling, congratulating, greeting, thanking, accepting (acknowledging an acknowledgment) Act of Expressive Communication An Act of Communication in which an Agent expresses their attitudes or emotions towards some entity. Derived (loosely) from: John Searle's Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Solar Time Reference System A Temporal Reference System that is based on the position of the Sun in the sky. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Bounding Box Point A Geospatial Position that is a proper part of some Geospatial Region Bounding Box. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology First-Order Administrative Region A Government Domain that is a primary administrative division of a Country. a state in the United States http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Performance Specification A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some aspect of the behavior of a participant in a Process given one or more operating conditions. Maximum Speed at high altitude; Rate of Ascent at 10 degrees celsius with nominal payload. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Portion of Liquid Hydrogen A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid hydrogen. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Tattoo A Bodily Component that consists of a typically permanent mark or design on a portion of skin that is created by a process of pricking and ingraining an indelible pigment or by raising scars. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tattoo https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Power Transformer A Material Artifact that is designed to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transformer&oldid=1062163369 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Increase of Quality An Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Indpendent Continuant has an increase of some Quality that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Recording Device An Information Processing Artifact that is designed to capture some information and store it in some recording format on some storage medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Record&oldid=1062776450 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Examples: advising, admonishing, asking, begging, dismissing, excusing, forbidding, instructing, ordering, permitting, requesting, requiring, suggesting, urging, warning Act of Directive Communication An Act of Communication that is intended to cause the hearer to take a particular action. Derived (loosely) from: John Searle's Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Third-Order Administrative Region A Government Domain that is a subdivision of a Second-Order Administrative Region. http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant A Stasis in which some Independent Continuant bears some Specifically Dependent Continuant that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Optical Instruments are typically constructed for the purpose of being used to aid in vision or the analysis of light. Optical Instrument A Material Artifact that is designed to process light waves. Light waves can be processed in a variety of ways including via reflection, refraction, diffraction, deflection, focusing, collimation, dispersion, and interference. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Optical_instrument&oldid=1061981216 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Financial Deposit An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent (the Depositor) to another Agent to create a liability to be repaid to the Depositor through an Act of Financial Withdrawal. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposit_(bank) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Maximum Power A Power that is characterized by the maximum rate of Work, or Energy consumed, done in a given time period. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Convention on Rights and Duties of States (inter-American); December 26, 1933. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023. https://cubrc.org Domain of a Country A Government Domain that is associated with certain distinct political, ethnic, or cultural characteristics, and which delimits a Government that has legitimate authority over a Populace. 'Country' is an unclear term. Does it refer to the people, the government, the site, or the material in the site? Furthermore, what is properly referred to as a 'Country' is highly dependent on the classification practices of the international community. For example: The United Kingdom is a sovereign country that has Wales, a non-sovereign Country, as a member. Vatican City is a sovereign country that is landlocked by a city: Rome, Italy. Puerto Rico is not a country (it's a territory) but has a government, a distinct culture, and so on. Thus, here we do not define 'Country' but instead define 'Domain of a Country'. Domain of a Country https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology The type of particle quantified is typically either atoms or molecules, but may also be protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, or other particles. The type of particle being measured should always be specified along with the measurement and its unit. Measurement Unit of Amount of Substance Measurement Unit of Chemical Amount Measurement Unit of Enplethy A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the number of a specified type of particle in a portion of matter. mole, pound-mole https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Populace A Group of Persons forming the total population of some Government Domain. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Population&oldid=1059148871 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Government A Planned Act that is initiated or supported by some Geopolitical Entity and enforced by some Government Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Cargo Cabin A Vehicle Compartment that is used to store goods or materials during transportation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Meeting An Act of Association wherein two or more Persons assemble for some common purpose. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=meet (Sense Key: meet%2:41:00, get together%2:41:00) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Incendiary Weapon A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of starting a fire. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incendiary_device&oldid=1055642422 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Artificial Language A Language that is developed through conscious planning and premeditation, rather than one that was developed through use and repetition. Esperanto Python Programming Language https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructed_language&oldid=1062733589 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Flight Transponder A Radio Transponder that is designed to produce a specified response (typically for identification, location, or status update purposes) when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transponder_(aeronautics)&oldid=1052688836 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Clockwise Rotational Motion CW Rotational Motion Clockwise Rotation A Rotational Motion in which the direction of rotation is toward the right as seen relative to the designated side of the plane of rotation. the axial rotation of the Earth as seen from above the South Pole https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Instant Messaging Act of IMing Act of Instant Messaging An Act of Communication by Media in which real-time direct text-based communication occurs between two or more people using personal computers or other devices, along with shared Instant Messaging Client Software conveyed over a network, such as the Internet. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instant_messaging&oldid=1062873579 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Radio Frequency An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 3 kHz and 300 GHz. RF https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_wave&oldid=1062110903 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Reporting An Act of Representative Communication performed by giving a detailed account or statement. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/report https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Telephone Network A Telecommunication Network that is designed to allow telephone calls to be made between two or more parties connected to the network. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_network&oldid=1046265527 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Generator Control Unit A Control System that is designed to regulate the voltage of some Electrical Power Source. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology While there is always at least one Mode for every set of data, it is possible for any given set of data to have multiple Modes. The Mode is typically most useful when the members of the set are all Nominal Measurement Information Content Entities. Mode Point Estimate Information Content Entity Mode Statistical Mode A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the value or values that occur most often in the set. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Near Infrared Light Frequency An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 214 and 400 terahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_spectrum&oldid=1063851392 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Hand Gun A Firearm that is designed to have a relatively short barrel and to be held in one or two hands and to be fired without being braced against the shoulder. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Handgun&oldid=1060570395 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Facial Hair A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of hair that grows on the face of a human (typically male) or other animal. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Lithium-ion Electric Battery A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that produces electricity when lithium ions move from anode to cathode. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium-ion_battery&oldid=1064099588 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Timekeeping Instrument An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that is about some temporal region. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timekeeper&oldid=1061681902 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Manual Tool Hand Tool A Tool that is designed to be powered by manual labor rather than by an engine. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hand_tool&oldid=1060741381 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Coordinate System Axis A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by a Coordinate System for the purpose of identifying the position of entities along one dimension of the Coordinate System's spatial framework. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Electrical Connector Artifact Function An Electrical Conduction Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to join electrical terminations to create an electrical circuit. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology z-Axis A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'z'. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Minimum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the smallest or having the least amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Criminal Act A Planned Act committed in violation of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can prescribe a conviction. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crime&oldid=1062237249 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Wave Cycle A Wave Process that consists of a portion of a Wave Process that begins at an arbitrary point of the Wave Process and ends at the next point when the pattern of the Wave Process begins to repeat. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Large-Scale Rocket Launcher A Rocket Launcher that is designed to contain multiple Rocket Launchers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Interpersonal Relationship An Act of Association between two or more Persons that may range from fleeting to enduring. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interpersonal_relationship&oldid=1060991304 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 m Very High Frequency ITU Band Number 8 A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 MHz. VHF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Object Track Point A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is an idealized point where an Object is or was located during some motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Detergent Artifact Function A Surfactant Artifact Function that is realized in a process that cleans substances in dilute solutions. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detergent&oldid=1064079329 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Base of Operations Main Operating Base A Military Base with permanently stationed operating forces, robust Infrastructure, and strengthened force protection measures such that it is designed to launch and support large-scale operations, support smaller or less-permanent bases, and organize supply facilities. MOB http://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/dictionary.pdf?ver=2018-08-27-122235-653 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Civilian Role A Role that inheres in an Agent or Group of Agents by virtue of that Agent or Group of Agents not being part of either an Armed Force or police force. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Ultraviolet Telescope UV Telescope A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing ultraviolet light to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Organization Member Role A Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of the responsibilities that Agent is expected to fulfill as a member of some Organization. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Lee, David S., and Brad Glosserman. “How Companies Can Navigate Today’s Geopolitical Risks.” Harvard Business Review, 28 Nov. 2022. hbr.org, https://hbr.org/2022/11/how-companies-can-navigate-todays-geopolitical-risks. University, Utah State. Geopolitical Power | Aggies GO. https://chass.usu.edu/international-studies/aggies-go/power. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023. 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org Geopolitical Organization An Organization that bears a Geopolitical Power Role. Geopolitical Organization https://chass.usu.edu/international-studies/aggies-go/power https://hbr.org/2022/11/how-companies-can-navigate-todays-geopolitical-risks https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Affordance A Realizable Entity of an Independent Continuant that creates an opportunity for an Agent to realize some Agent Capability or Disposition in some Act. J. J. Gibson, "The Theory of Affordances," in The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 1986): 127-143. Available at: https://archive.org/details/pdfy-u5hmFOvOM2Civ4Gz/page/n70/mode/1up. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Arrow A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be fired from a Bow and consists of a long straight stiff shaft with stabilizers (fletchings) and a slot (the nock) on one end and a weighted tip (the arrowhead) on the other end. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrow&oldid=1058445874 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology More generally, Thrust is the propulsive Force of a Rocket. Thrust A Force that is equal in magnitude to but in the opposite direction of an exerted Force and which is used to describe the forward Force of a Jet or Rocket Engine in reaction to the Acceleration of its Reaction Mass in the opposite direction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Hotel A Residential Facility that is designed to provide lodging that is paid for on a short-term basis. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hotel&oldid=1063583593 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Language Skill A Skill that is realized by an Act which is prescribed by a Language. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Thanking An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing gratitude. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thanks https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Fragrance Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of perceiving a pleasant or sweet odor. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perfume&oldid=1062785740 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Axial Rotation Period A Temporal Interval that is equal to the length of time required for a spinning Object to complete one rotation around its Axis of Rotation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Blunt A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having a sharp edge or point. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Artifact Version Ordinality An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the form of an Artifact which differs in some respects from previous or future forms of that Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Authority Role A Role that is realized by Processes which create, modify, transfer, or eliminate Process Regulations or other Authority Roles, and inheres in an Agent in virtue of collective acceptance of that Agent's ability to issue binding directives. Authority Roles are externally grounded in a social group's collective acceptance of the binding force of the agent's directives. This acceptance can be direct or indirect (e.g., by accepting a procedure for deputizing authority). Such collective acceptance need not be explicit or cognized; rather, collective acceptance can be expressed in the dispositions and attitudes of people toward that agent's directives. In many cases, the directives issued by Authority Roles are backed by threats of punishment or sanction for failure to comply, but the issuing of a directive plus a threat is not sufficient for authority. Rather, an agent's authority must be accepted either directly or indirectly through the acceptance of a procedure for bestowing authority (e.g., elections). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Ground Track Ground Trace A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by the line formed on the surface of an Astronomical Body by projecting an imaginary line from the center of the tracked Object to the center of the Astronomical Body as the Object travels above the surface. The Ground Track is the line on the surface of the Earth or other Astronomical Body that is located directly below the Object Track. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ground_track&oldid=1058025510 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Certificate An Information Bearing Artifact that bears an Information Content Entity which attests to certain demonstrated characteristics of an Object, Person, or Organization. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/degree https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Minimum Speed Artifact Function A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains the lowest speed at which that Artifact is designed to operate. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Homicide An Act of Violence which causes the unlawful killing of another person. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Facility A Material Artifact that is designed as a building or campus dedicated to some specific purpose. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Telephone Subscriber Line A Telephone Line that connects a Communication Endpoint to another node in a Telecommunication Network to enable service to a user's Telephone. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_line&oldid=1063429738 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electrical Contact Artifact Function An Electrical Conduction Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used as an endpoint of an electrical circuit from which an electrical current is passed via physical contact with the endpoint. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Heliport An Airport that is designed for launching, receiving, and housing Rotorcraft. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heliport&oldid=1049937701 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Purple A Color that is aproximately midway between Red and Blue. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Process Beginning A Process Boundary that occurs on a Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is the starting instant of the One-Dimensional Temporal Region on which the Process, of which the Process Boundary is a part, occurs. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Unit of Sound Level A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the level (the loudness) of sounds. decibels, sones https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Camera An Imaging Instrument that is designed to form and digitally or physically record an image of an entity. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/camera https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Pilgrimage An Act of Travel to a location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilgrimage&oldid=1056524204 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Change of Residence An Act of Location Change involving one or more Persons moving from one place of residence to another. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Terrorist Training Instruction An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Terrorist Organization by imparting knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of the use of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political, religous, or ideological in nature to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=terrorism https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Event Status Nominal Information Content Entity A Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the current state of a process. proposed, approved, planned, in progress, completed, failed, or successful https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Rifle A Long Gun that is designed to have a rifled barrel and to fire single Bullets over long ranges with high accuracy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifle&oldid=1056172452 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The exact line of the Object Track may be drawn based on the Center of Mass of the Object or another reference point, such as the location of a transponder beacon or the center of a radar cross-section, depending on the Object being tracked. Object Track A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that consists of the idealized line along which an Object has traversed during some motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Friction Reduction Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of reducing the force resisting the relative motion of surfaces in contact. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friction&oldid=1061569068 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary A Fiat Line that is a boundary of some Geospatial Region. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Act of Congratulating An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing vicarious pleasure to a person on the occasion of their success or good fortune. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/congratulate https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Sound Wavelength A Wavelength that is the distance a Sound Wave traverses during one Wave Cycle. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/u10l2b.cfm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Engine Motor A Material Artifact that is designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engine&oldid=1063879193 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology This is a defined class. Multi-Day Temporal Interval A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Days and spans at least one Day. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Chemical Weapon A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of releasing toxic chemicals. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_weapon&oldid=1054342645 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Subcontinent A Geospatial Region that is bounded by a large, relatively self-contained landmass forming a subdivision of a Continent. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continent&oldid=1064057312 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Moving Target Indication Artifact Function A Radar Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to identify and produce visual representations of moving entities by using a radar to emit successive phase coherent pulses, which are sampled and added to the subsequent pulse to cancel out signals from non-moving entities such that only signals from moving entities remain and are displayed. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology A Radio Telescope consists of a specialized Antenna and a Radio Receiver and is typically used to receive radio waves from sources in outer space. Radio Telescope A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing radio waves to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_telescope&oldid=1052819190 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Shell A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a non-self-propelled projectile and to carry a payload (explosive or other) over a relatively short distance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(projectile) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Area A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of two-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions. square feet, square meters, acre, hectare https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Major Axis A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the longest line segment that connects two points on the edge of an Ellipse. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Reflecting Optical Telescope Reflecting Telescope Reflector An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light via reflection through the use of one or more curved Mirrors to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reflecting_telescope&oldid=1062982683 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ammunition Depot A Storage Facility that is designed to store Portions of Ammunition. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammunition_dump&oldid=1044466765 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Semi-Minor Axis A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is equal to half the length of the Minor Axis of an Ellipse. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Presence Frequency A Sonic Frequency that is between 4 and 6 kHz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Time of Day A Temporal Instant that is part of a Day. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Populated place An Anthropogenic Feature at which people live or have lived. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_settlement&oldid=1060418164 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Month A Temporal Interval that is based on the approximate length of time required for a Natural Satellite to complete one cycle of its rotational motion around its Primary Body. Unless otherwise specified, it is assumed that a Month is specified relative to the Rotational Motion of the Moon around the Earth. Earth Months are approximately equal to four consecutive Weeks or 30 consecutive Days. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=month https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Transportation Facility A Facility that is designed for commencing or concluding the transportation of transportation artifacts, or for housing transportation artifacts. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport&oldid=1063526665 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology A Julian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.25 Julian Days. Julian Years are typically indicated by prefixing a capital 'J' in front of the Year number, e.g. J2000.0 or J2018. Julian Year A Calendar Year in the Julian Calendar. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Planned Act Intentional Act An Act in which at least one Agent plays a causative role and which is prescribed by some Directive Information Content Entity held by at least one of the Agents. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Unit of Power A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of rates of work. watt, horsepower https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Diffraction Grating An Optical Instrument with a periodic structure that is designed to split and defract a beam of light into several beams travelling in different directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diffraction_grating&oldid=1060463366 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Torpedo Tube A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Torpedoes. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_tube&oldid=1063672665 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Pumping Station A Product Transport Facility that is designed to pump fluids from one place to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pumping_station&oldid=1045678418 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Stock Certificate Stock that consists of a Certificate. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Training A Planned Act in which knowledge, skills or values are imparted from one or more Agents to at least one other Agent. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education&oldid=1064011752 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Vocational Training Acquisition An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring skills required for a specific occupation in industry, agriculture or trade from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Vocational School, Technical School, Trade Organization, or Industry Educational Program Provider. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=vocational%20training https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Lighting System A Material Artifact that is designed to emit light within some area. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Terrorist Training Acquisition An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of the use of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political, religous, or ideological in nature from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Terrorist Organization. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=terrorism https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Propeller Propelling Screw A Material Artifact that is designed to convert rotary motion from an Engine or other mechanical Power Source into propulsive Force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller_(aeronautics) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Mass A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of an object's resistance to Acceleration when a Force is applied to the object. ounce, gram, pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Act of Oath Taking An Act of Commissive Communication performed by stating or promising, usually calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oath&oldid=1052326917 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Two-Dimensional Barcode A Barcode that is designed to bear lines of varying widths, spacing, height, and color that concretize some Directive Information Content Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Data Matrix Code A Two-Dimensional Barcode that consists of cells arranged in rectangular patterns and is used for marking small items in logistics and operations. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Heat Sink A Material Artifact that is designed to regulate the temperature of a computer by the passive transfer of heat away from other components in the computer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heat_sink&oldid=1062822080 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fragmentation Artifact Function A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired because of a detonation which causes fragmentation. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/fragmentation https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Petroleum Manufacturing Facility A Factory that is designed to manufacture petroleum-based products. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petroleum&oldid=1062956217 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Stasis of Realizable Entity A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears some Realizable Entity that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Road A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel from one location to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road&oldid=1063402841 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Chemical Manufacturing Facility A Factory that is designed to manufacture or process chemicals. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_industry&oldid=1061177027 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology A Shaft is usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly either because of the distance between them or the need to allow for relative movement between those components. Shaft A Material Artifact that is designed to rotate and transmit Torque, Power, or Rotational Motion from one machine element to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaft&oldid=1023963656 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Loss of Realizable Entity A Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Realizable Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Continent A Geospatial Region that is bounded by any of the Earth's main continuous expanses of land. JC3IEDM version 3.0.2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Nozzle A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to control the speed, direction, rate, shape, or pressure of the flow of fluid exiting it. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Information Bearing Entity IBE An Object upon which an Information Content Entity generically depends. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000178 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Transportation Artifact A Material Artifact that is fixed in place and designed to bear a Function, the realization of which is sometimes part of a process moving Vehicles and Agents from one location to another. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Cryogenic Material A Portion of Material that has been reduced to a very low temperature (below -180 degrees Celcius). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fluid Control Artifact A Material Artifact that is designed to manipulate the flow of a fluid (i.e. a liquid or a gas). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radiopaque Radiodense A Radiopacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to prevent most X-rays from passing through it. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology One-Dimensional Barcode A Barcode that is designed to bear parallel lines of varying widths and spacing that concretize some Directive Information Content Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Calendar Month A Month that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Month. January; February; March; April; May; June; July; August; September; October; November; December https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Muzzle Blast A Sound Wave Process that is caused by a projectile being pushed from the barrel of a firearm by an explosive charge. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Currently gamma radiation is distinguished from x-rays by their source--either inside or outside of the nucleus--rather than by frequency, energy, and wavelength. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray#Naming_conventions_and_overlap_in_terminology Gamma Ray Frequency An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is above 30 exahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamma_ray&oldid=1062115897 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Shop A Commercial Facility designed to sell small lots of goods to consumers. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retail&oldid=1061431295 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology A single Clock Time System does not provide a complete means for identifying or measuring times. Depending on the particular Clock Time System, it may be compatible for use with one or more other Temporal Reference Systems. Clock Time System A Temporal Reference System that is a convention for keeping and displaying the Time of Day. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Hydraulic Fluid Reservoir A Container that is designed to store some hydraulic fluid for use in some Hyrdraulic Power Source. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Election Act of Political Election A Social Act by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Election&oldid=1063238552 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Hearing Aid A Medical Artifact that is designed to improve hearing for its user. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hearing_aid&oldid=1062688647 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Catalyst Artifact Function A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased due to the participation of an additional substance, without that substance being consumed in the reaction. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catalysis&oldid=1063864001 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cannon A Projectile Launcher that is designed to use a controlled explosion to launch a relatively large Portion of Ammunition, such as a Round Shot or a Shell, at a significant Velocity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannon&oldid=1063792906 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radio Transmitter A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that is designed to generate a radio frequency alternating current, which can be applied to a Radio Antenna to be transmitted as radio waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transmitter&oldid=1061735586 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Educational Facility A Facility that is designed for facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education&oldid=1064011752 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Underground Mine A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ground using underground tunnels and shafts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_mining_(hard_rock) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Combustion Burning Process Combustion Process A Natural Process in which a Portion of Fuel or other Material Entity is burned. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Communication Interference Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to interfere with the transmission of information for the purpose of preventing communication. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Armed Force An Organization having the Objective to further the foreign and domestic policies of a Government and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military&oldid=1063431234 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Note that, while reference systems and reference frames are treated as synonyms here, some people treat them as related but separate entities. See: http://www.ggos-portal.org/lang_en/GGOS-Portal/EN/Topics/GeodeticApplications/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames.html Spatial Reference System Coordinate System Spatial Coordinate System Spatial Reference Frame A Reference System that describes a set of standards for uniquely identifying the position of an entity or the direction of a vector within a defined spatial region by means of measurements along one or more Coordinate System Axes. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_system&oldid=1060461397 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Solar Calendar System A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of an Astronomical Body's Orbit around the Sun. Unless otherwise specified, a Solar Calendar System is assumed to be relative to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_calendar&oldid=1058016588 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Nuclear Weapon A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of a destructive nuclear reaction, either through fission or through a combination of fission and fusion. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_weapon&oldid=1060854171 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The SI unit of measure for Momentum is Newton seconds (N s). Momentum A Process Profile of an object in Motion that is the product of its Mass and Velocity with respect to a frame of reference. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Enemy Role An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent having committed offensive Acts or exhibited intent to perform such Acts towards a particular Agent or Group of Agents or has been declared as hostile by some appropriate authority. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Torpedo A Precision-Guided Missile that is designed to be fired into a body of water, be self-propelled through the water, and carry an explosive payload. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torpedo&oldid=1062609830 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Albedo A Radiation Reflectivity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of its surface to reflect incident electromagnetic radiation of a particular wavelength. Albedo is a reflection coefficient and is measured as the ratio of radiation reflected from the surface to the incident radiation. Albedo is dimensionless, can be expressed as a percentage, and is measured on a scale from 0 for no reflection to 1 for perfect reflection of a surface. Albedo depends on the wavelength of the radiation; when no wavelength is specified, it typically refers to some appropriate average across the spectrum of visible light. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albedo&oldid=1063352646 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Counterfeit Financial Instrument A Counterfeit Instrument that is designed to be a fake replica of some legally sanctioned Financial Instrument. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counterfeit_money&oldid=1064052318 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cylindrical Columnar A Three Dimensional Shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having an elongated shape with round bases. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Strength A Realizable Entity that is realized when its bearer exerts or resists some power, influence, or force. Strength is intended to be understood broadly here. Physical strength is only one type of Strength. Other subtypes of Strength may include military strength, psychological strength, emotional strength, political strength, technological strength, and so on. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Emergency Locator Transmitter A Radio Transmitter that is designed to signal distress and provide positional data for the entity it is located on. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emergency_position-indicating_radiobeacon&oldid=1063407242 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stasis of Partially Mission Capable Maintenance A Stasis of Partially Mission Capable during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing some of its primary functions for the specified Mission due to participating in an Act Of Maintenance. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Inertial Navigation System INS A Navigation System that is designed to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without the need for external references. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inertial_navigation_system&oldid=1063682725 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Power Source A Material Artifact that is designed to supply power to some other Artifact. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power_source&oldid=1032888635 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radar Imaging Artifact Function An Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities using radio waves. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant A Decrease of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in some Specifically Dependent Continuant that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Decoy Use An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Decoy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Artifact Identifier A Designative Information Content Entity which designates some Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Four of the subtypes of measurements used here (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal, and Ratio) were originally defined by S.S. Stevens in the article "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement" in Science, Vol. 103 No. 2684 on June 7, 1946. For an introductory article with links to additional content including criticisms and alternate classifications of measurements see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that classifies Entities according to some shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristic. The sentence "January 20, 1985 was a cold day in Chicago, IL" is the carrier of a nominal measurement. a measurement that classifies automobiles as sedans, coupes, hatchbacks, or convertibles a measurement that classifies military intelligence as strategic, operational, or tactical a measurement that classifies rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Air-Breathing Jet Engine Ducted Jet Engine A Jet Engine that is propelled by a jet of hot exhaust gases formed from air that is drawn into the Engine via an Air Inlet. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airbreathing_jet_engine&oldid=1062364308 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wetness A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which the bearer is covered by a liquid, typically on a continuum of dry to wet. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Angular Velocity Rotational Velocity A Velocity that is characterized by both the angular Speed of an object and the Axis about which the object is Rotating. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angular_velocity&oldid=1060081663 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Portion of Hydrosphere A fiat object part of the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a natural satellite https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrosphere&oldid=1128848972 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Shoulder-Fired Rocket Launcher A Rocket Launcher that is designed to be small enough to be carried by a single person and fired while supported on the person's shoulder. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Prosthetic Leg A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing leg. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prosthesis&oldid=1063749698 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Group of Agents An Object Aggregate that has only Agents as parts. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Vehicle Transmission Gearbox Transmission A Power Transmission Artifact that is designed to vary the output speed and torque in a rotating power transfer system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Alternating Current Power Source An Electrical Power Source that is designed to transfer electrical power in the form of alternating current. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Intercommunication System A Communication System that is designed to enable some Act of Communication between end points within a building, small collection of buildings, or within a small area of service. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercom&oldid=1055934442 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Microscope An Imaging Instrument that is designed to enable users to see Objects that are otherwise too small to be seen by the naked eye by producing a significantly enlarged image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microscope&oldid=1059024357 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sound Pressure Acoustic Pressure A Pressure that is caused by a Sound Wave and is a local deviation from the ambient Pressure. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Hinge A Machine Bearing that is designed to limit the angle of Rotation between two solid objects. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinge&oldid=1059935559 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Food A Portion of Processed Material that is designed to be consumed and ingested for nutrition or taste. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Food&oldid=1062824590 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Military Service An Act of Employment wherein a Person serves as a member of a Military Force, whether voluntarily or by conscription. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/military-service https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Healthcare Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of treating and preventing illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Health_care&oldid=1064015344 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Grenade Hand Grenade An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be relatively small and to be thrown by hand. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grenade&oldid=1060366148 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Filtration Artifact Function A Filter Function that is realized in a process in which some solid entity is prevented from moving along with some quantity of liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filtration&oldid=1061655528 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Propulsion Process A Natural Process in which one or more Forces are generated and applied to a participating Object such that the Object is set in Motion or has the direction or magnitude of its Motion altered. a twin-engine turboprop plane rotating both of its propellers against a portion of atmosphere to propel the plane forward an apple falling to the ground under the power of Earth's gravitational force burning a portion of fuel to produce exhaust that is ejected through a jet nozzle to propel a rocket and its payload heat from a fire causing ashes to rise into the sky launching a water balloon using a sling shot the wind blowing leaves across a lawn turning a paddle wheel against a portion of water to propel the paddle boat forward In each case, a Propulsion Process minimally involves the Object being propelled, a Reaction Mass (e.g. a portion of water, atmosphere, exhaust, etc.), and the Force(s) acting between these two entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Assuming a non-dispersive media, the Wavelength will be the inverse of the Frequency. Wavelength A Wave Process Profile that is the distance the Wave Process traverses during one Wave Cycle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Typically, an IQE will be a complex pattern made up of multiple qualities joined together spatially. Information Quality Entity IQE A Quality that concretizes some Information Content Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Telecommunication Switching Node A Telecommunication Network Node that is capable of redirecting a communication transmission to another Telecommunication Network Node. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_network&oldid=1063347482 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Liquid Helium A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid helium. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electronic Signal Processing Artifact Function A Signal Processing Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to process or transfer information contained in electronic signals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Disease A Disposition to undergo pathological processes that exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Artifact Design A Directive Information Content Entity that is a specification of an object, manifested by an agent, intended to accomplish goals, in a particular environment, using a set of primitive components, satisfying a set of requirements, subject to constraints. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Design&oldid=1063941625 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Reconnaissance An Act of Intelligence Gathering used to determine an Agent's disposition and intention; the composition and capabilities of Equipment and Facilities, and the surrounding landforms and weather conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reconnaissance&oldid=1038843823 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Residential Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of residing in a dwelling or home. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence&oldid=1019728937 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Funding An Act of Financial Instrument Use in which an Agent provides a sum of money to another Agent for a particular purpose. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Artifact Function A Function that inheres in some Artifact in virtue of that Artifact being designed to be used in processes that require that Function to be realized. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Width A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a horizontal direction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Radio Transponder Transmitter-Responder A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that acts as both a Radio Transmitter and responder and is used to wirelessly receive and transmit electrical signals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology UPC Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 6 or 12 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Texture A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the size, shape, and distribution of features on its surface, typically on a continuum from smooth to rough. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Transportation Infrastructure An Infrastructure System that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another by providing the necessary structures for Persons to travel or for Vehicles to transport material entities. http://www.cfr.org/infrastructure/transportation-infrastructure-moving-america/p18611 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology This is a defined class. Multi-Month Temporal Interval A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Months and spans at least one Month. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Thermal Power Plant An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert heat energy into electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermal_power_station&oldid=1062208548 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology House A Residential Facility that is designed to provide a self-standing, permanent residence for an individual, family, household, multiple families, or similar-sized group. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House&oldid=1062818553 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Training Camp A Facility that is designed for rigorous and focused training in order to learn or improve skills, usually involving physical actions. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Training_camp&oldid=1059977631 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Gas Turbine Combustion Turbine An Internal Combustion Engine that has a rotating compressor and a turbine and is designed to operate utilizing continous Combustion to produce Thrust, either directly via exhaust or indirectly via a prop. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_turbine&oldid=1062398125 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Interphone An Intercommunication System that that is designed to facilitate some Act of Communication between agents by means of audio messages. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stasis of Generically Dependent Continuant A Stasis in which some Independent Continuant bears some Generically Dependent Continuant that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Apartment Building A Residential Facility that is designed to contain multiple permanent residences comprised of a suite of rooms. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apartment&oldid=1064019048 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Rocket-Propelled Grenade An Unguided Rocket that is designed to contain an explosive warhead, be fired from a Shoulder-Fired Rocket Launcher, and be used against Tanks. RPG https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocket-propelled_grenade&oldid=1063641548 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fan A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades that are designed to act on a portion of fluid to create flow within it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_(machine) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Agricultural Facility A Facility that is designed as a building or campus for agricultural processes with the aim of cultivating animals, plants, or fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, or other products to sustain and enhance human life. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agriculture&oldid=1063222666 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Mortar A Cannon that is designed to fire projectiles at relatively low velocities over relatively short ranges. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(weapon) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Prosthetic Arm A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing arm. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prosthesis&oldid=1063749698 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Brake A Material Artifact that is designed to inhibit the Vehicle's Motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brake&oldid=1047693009 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Reciprocating Steam Engine A Steam Engine that is designed to use one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reciprocating_engine&oldid=1057783145 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Surfactant Artifact Function An Emulsifier Artifact Function that is realized in a process that lowers the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfactant&oldid=1063693411 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Measuring A Planned Act that involves determining the extent, dimensions, quanity, or quality of an Entity relative to some standard. putting an object on a scale to measure its weight in kilograms rating Hollywood movies on a 1 to 5 star scale using a tape measure to determine the height and width of a doorway in inches https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Communication Instrument A Material Artifact that is designed to facilitate communication between at least two entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electronic Bond A Bond that consists of Bytes. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Filter A Material Artifact that bears a Filter Function. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Police Station A Public Safety Facility that is designed for the professional and clerical processes of a local police force. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Police_station&oldid=1056208781 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Cooling System An Environment Control System that is designed to cool the air or objects in a Site. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Commanding An Act of Directive Communication that exercises authoritative control or power over another agent's actions. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=commanding (Edited 08-22-2016) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Satellite Artifact A Spacecraft that is designed to Orbit a Space Object (typically Earth). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Research Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to perform research on a specified entity or class of entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Testifying An Act of Representative Communication performed by stating one's personal knowledge or belief. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/testify https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Refracting Optical Telescope Refracting Telescope Refractor An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light via refraction through the use of one or more Lenses to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refracting_telescope&oldid=1059975066 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Publishing Mass Media Article An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of a non-fictional essay, especially one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, journal, etc. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Motion A Planned Act by which an Agent causes the position or location of some Object to change. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/motion https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Geospatial Region Bounding Box A Geospatial Polygon that has some Geospatial Region as a non-tangential proper part. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Julian Date A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Julian Date epoch. JD https://www.defit.org/julian-date/ https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Wounded Stasis Wounded A Damaged Stasis in which a Person or other organism is the bearer of a Quality or Realizable Entity that has suffered impairment (i.e., a decrease or loss) due to an injuring event. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Increase of Function An Increase of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Function that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Most rocket engines are also Internal Combustion Engines, however non-combusting forms also exist. For example, an untied balloon full of air that is released and allowed to zoom around the room may be both a Rocket Engine and a Physically Powered Engine. Rocket Engine Thruster A Jet Engine that is designed to use only stored Rocket Propellant to form a high speed propulsive jet in order to generate Thrust. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocket_engine&oldid=1063879464 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wireless Telecommunication Network Wireless Network A Telecommunication Network that uses wireless connections to connect Telecommunication Network Nodes. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wireless_network&oldid=1060257041 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Pneumatic Motor Air Motor Compressed Air Engine A Physically Powered Engine that converts potential energy stored in a portion of compressed air into mechanical energy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology x-Axis A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'x'. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Act of Information Processing A Planned Act in which one or more input Information Content Entities are received, manipulated, transferred, or stored by an Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Military Training Instruction An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Military Organization by imparting knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of Military Operations to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Rotational Motion Rotation A Motion Process in which an Object moves in a Circular or Elliptical Path around an Axis of Rotation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotation&oldid=1055998344 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Priority Measurement Information Content Entity Criticality Measurement Importance Measurement Priority Measurement An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the relative importance of an entity. low, normal, high, urgent, or immediate priority https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Act of Condoling An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing sympathy or sorrow. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/condoling https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology An Act of Prediction may involve the use of some or no relevant information. An Act of Prediction that utilizes relevant information may also be (or at least involve) an Act of Estimation. Hence, these two classes are not disjoint. Furthermore, neither class subsumes the other since estimates can be made about existing entities and not all predictions produce measurements (e.g. predicting that it will rain tomorrow). Act of Prediction A Planned Act that involves the generation of a Predictive Information Content entity that is intended to describe an uncertain possible future event, value, entity, or attribute of an entity. a chess master predicting the next 8 moves his opponent will make predicting that a particular stock will double in value over the next fiscal quarter using sample exit polls data to predict the winners of an election Predictions can only be made about things that are not yet the case (i.e. future things) and are further restricted to being about things that do not have a probability of either 1 (necessary) or 0 (impossible). For example, assuming that no organism is immortal, one cannot predict of a given organism that it will eventually die; however, one may predict uncertain things about the organism's eventual death, such as its precise cause or time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Power Transformer Rectifier Unit TRU A Material Artifact that is designed to perform the functions of both a Rectifier and a Transformer. http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Transformer_Rectifier_Unit_(TRU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Geospatial Position A Fiat Point that is at or near the surface of the Earth and fixed according to some Geospatial Coordinate Reference System. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Measurement Unit of Volumetric Flow Rate A Measurement Unit of Flow that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which volumes of fluid pass per unit time. cubic metres per second, standard cubic centimeters per minute, cubic feet per second, gallons per minute https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Warehouse A Storage Facility that is designed to store commercial goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warehouse&oldid=1063721454 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Portion of Gallium Arsenide Portion of GaAs A Portion of Material that is composed of a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Disability A Quality inhering in an Agent by virtue a physical or mental condition that limits the Agent's movements, senses, or activities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Color An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's Color Hue, Color Saturation and Color Brightness. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Examples: affirming, alleging, announcing, answering, attributing, claiming, classifying, concurring, confirming, conjecturing, denying, disagreeing, disclosing, disputing, identifying, informing, insisting, predicting, ranking, reporting, stating, stipulating Act of Representative Communication An Act of Communication that commits a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition. Derived (loosely) from: John Searle's Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Pressure A Force that is applied perpendicular to the surface of an Object per unit area over which that Force is distributed. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Weapon Manufacturing Facility A Factory that is designed to produce or assemble weapons. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arms_industry&oldid=1063811497 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Spreadsheet An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity in an interactive, tabular form. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spreadsheet&oldid=1064060503 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Nuclear Family A Family composed of parents and their children. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Rectilinear Motion Linear Motion A Translational Motion process in which an Object moves along a straight path. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Wide Broad Fat A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a width or depth which is significantly larger in proportion to its length or height. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Essentially, webcasting is “broadcasting” over the Internet. Webcast Act of Webcasting An Act of Communciation by Media transmitted to an audience over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source that may be distributed live or on demand. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Webcast&oldid=1062685084 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Axis of Rotation Rotational Axis A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by the line around which a spinning body rotates. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Citizen A Person who is the bearer of some Citizen Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Buying An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Buyer) to acquire ownership of a good from another Agent (the Seller). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Spatial Region Identifier A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Spatial Region. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 1–0.1 mm Tremendously High Frequency ITU Band Number 12 Submillimeter Band Frequency Terahertz Radiation Frequency An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 300 GHz and 3 THz. THF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Allegiance Role A Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of the support it has committed to provide to another Agent when that Agent is involved in a conflict. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Yaw Axis Vertical Axis An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass from the top to the bottom and is perpendicular to the direction of the object's motion. For objects in Orbit, the Yaw Axis passes through the Barycenter of its Orbit. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Internal Combustion Engine A Combustion Engine that is designed to have an internal Combustion Chamber where portions of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture are burned to generate thermal energy that is then converted into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internal_combustion_engine&oldid=1063281505 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant A Gain of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Specifically Dependent Continuant. A Person becomes pregnant (gain of quality), A person becomes forgetful (gain of disposition), A vehicle becomes amphibious (gain of function), A Person becomes a Database Administrator (gain of role). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 100,000–10,000 km Extremely Low Frequency ITU Band Number 1 A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 Hz. ELF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Combustion Chamber Burner Combustor Flame Holder A Material Artifact that is designed to wholly or partially bound an internal Site where a Combustion process is intended to occur. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Reference System A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a set of standards for organizing and understanding data of the specified type or domain. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Temporal Region Identifier A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Temporal Region. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Park An Anthropogenic Feature that is a bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Park&oldid=1061073992 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Fundamental Frequency A Sound Frequency that is the lowest Frequency of a Sound Wave. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Communication A Planned Act in which some Information Content Entity is transferred from some Agent to Another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communication&oldid=1063752020 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Diffraction Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a diffraction event in which the Artifact forces a wave to bend around the corners of an obstacle or aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Iris A Bodily Component that consists of the part of an Eye that is a pigmented, round, contractile membrane, suspended between the cornea and lens and perforated by the pupil, and which canonically regulates the amount of light entering the Eye. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/iris https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Second-Order Administrative Region A Government Domain that is a subdivision of a First-Order Administrative Region. http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate A Measurement Unit specifying the geospatial coordinates of a location. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Electrical Resistance Artifact Function An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which an Artifact opposes the flow of an electric current. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity&oldid=1063749049 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Government Organization An Organization that is part of a Government and is responsible for the oversight or administration of specific governmental functions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Spark Ignition System An Ignition System that is designed to produce a spark in order to initiate an Ignition process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Residential Facility A Facility that is designed to house one or more Persons. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence&oldid=1019728937 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Speed Measurement Artifact Function A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Speed of a specified object's or class of objects' Motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Oxidizer Artifact Function A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which electrons are removed from a reactant in a redox reaction. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Redox&oldid=1063866348 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electron Microscope A Microscope that is designed to use a beam of accelerated electrons to illuminate the target and produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electron_microscope&oldid=1060512240 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Square Waveform A Waveform that is characterized by a square shape due to the near-instantaneous transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Anti-Microbial Artifact Function A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a microorganism. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimicrobial&oldid=1064100151 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Publishing Mass Media Press Release An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of an official statement issued to one or more members of the media for the purpose of announcing newsworthy information. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Prosthetic Hand A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing hand. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prosthesis&oldid=1063749698 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Biographical Life An Act composed of the Life Events that occur during the course of existence of an Agent (i.e. Person or Organization). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Part Number A Code Identifier that designates a type of part whose instances are designed to be part of some Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Computer An Information Processing Artifact that is designed to execute an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computer&oldid=1061553332 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Nuclear Power Plant A Thermal Power Plant that is designed to produce heat by means of a nuclear reactor, which is then converted to electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_power_plant&oldid=1062752651 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Communication Reception Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to receive information that has been transmitted for the purpose of communiction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Facility A Factory that is designed to manufacture automobiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&oldid=1061661751 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Sharp A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a fine point or thin edge. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology A Gregorian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.2425 Gregorian Days. The Gregorian Year is based upon the vernal equinox year. Unless otherwise stated, instances of Calendar Year are assumed to be instances of Gregorian Year since the Gregorian Calendar is the most widely used civil Calendar System. Gregorian Year A Calendar Year in the Gregorian Calendar. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Military Personnel Force An Armed Force authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the Government and some or all of its Citizens. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military&oldid=1063431234 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Armored Fighting Vehicle A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to be armored and used to transport and support military personal in combat missions. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armoured_fighting_vehicle&oldid=1063212018 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Railway Junction A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable a Train to switch between the tracks of two routes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_(rail) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Codabar Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of numbers 0-9 and the characters -$:/.+ and is used by logistics and healthcare professionals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stable Orientation A Stasis of Quality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an object maintains the same Spatial Orientation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology External Combustion Engine A Combustion Engine that is designed to have an external Combustion Chamber where portions of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture are burned to generate thermal energy to heat the working fluid, which transfers energy to the Engine where it is converted into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=External_combustion_engine&oldid=1063941809 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Missile Launch Site A Military Facility that is designed for storing and launching missiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missile_launch_facility&oldid=1062709375 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Act of Association A Social Act wherein an Agent unites with some other Agent in a Planned Act, enterprise or business. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/associate https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Simple Optical Lens An Optical Lens consisting of a single piece of transparent material. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology A Gregorian Day is twenty-four Hours in duration. Gregorian Day A Calendar Day in the Gregorian Calendar. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology X-ray Microscope A Microscope that is designed to use Electromagnetic Radiation in the soft X-ray band to produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-ray_microscope&oldid=1046169107 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Enhancing Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of intensifying, increainsg, or further improving the quality, value, or extent of some entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enhancement&oldid=1003326590 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Official Documentation An Act of Declarative Communication in which an Agent records some information for official use by another Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Black A Color that lacks any hues as parts. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Watercraft A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by water travel. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watercraft&oldid=1054071067 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Temperature A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its thermal energy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Radioactive A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Commercial Organization An Organization that is the bearer of a Commercial Role and whose primary objective is to make a profit from the provision of goods or services. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Measurement Unit of Energy A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the Amount of work that is available in an object. ft-lbs, calorie, horsepower, kilowatt https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Weapon A Material Artifact that is designed to destroy or inflict damage to structures or systems, or to kill or wound living things by creating specific lethal or nonlethal effects. Nonlethal effects include all outcomes short of death or destruction. This is captured by the fact that Damaged Stasis and Wounded Stasis are defined in terms of impairment of the Independent Continuant that participates in them. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weapon&oldid=1143263715 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Circumference A Perimeter that inheres in a circle or ellipse. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Triangular A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having exactly three angles and exactly three sides. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Motion Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an entity changes its position with respect to time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_(physics) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Comment: Remuneration normally consists of salary or hourly wages, but also applies to commission, stock options, fringe benefits, etc. Act of Remuneration An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Employer) to compensate another Agent (the Employee) for the services they perform for the Employer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remuneration&oldid=1033306001 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Silver Color A Color that resembles Grey with the added feature of having a metallic shine. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Collimation Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a collimation event in which the Artifact narrows a beam of particles or waves by either causing the spatial cross-section of the beam to become smaller or by causing the directions of motion of the beam's constituents to be aligned in a specifc direction of Motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Timekeeping Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to keep track of and report the current time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Controlling air quality typically involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odor, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other undesired gases or particulates. Environment Control System A Material Artifact that is designed to control the temperature, air quality, or other feature of a Site that is relevant to the comfort or operation of entities located within that Site. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Compression Ignition System An Ignition System that is designed to generate heat by compressing a portion of fuel and oxidizer mixture in order to initiate an Ignition process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Ceremony A Social Act of ritual significance, performed on a special occasion. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceremony&oldid=1064081855 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Railway A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Trains to transport passengers and goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport&oldid=1063793805 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Material A Portion of Processed Material that was produced to be used as the input for another Act of Artifact Processing. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Coupling A Material Artifact that is designed to connect two Shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coupling&oldid=1055718683 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fluorescence A Luminescent Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light while absorbing shorter wavelength radiation, but not after. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescence&oldid=1061358510 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Local Administrative Region Locality A Government Domain that delimits a local Government. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology ISSN Barcode An EAN Barcode that is used to designate periodicals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the BFO 'occupies temporal region' property) that the Entity bears the Function. Gain of Function A Gain of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Function. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Educational Training Instruction An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Educational Organization by imparting knowledge of a curriculum to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Oblong A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having an long thin shape with approximately parallel sides. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology A Day begins at midnight GMT within the Modified Julian Date reference system. The Modified Julian Date (MJD) is related to the Julian Date (JD) by the formula: MJD = JD - 2400000.5 Modified Julian Date A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Modified Julian Date epoch. MJD http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/JulianDate.php https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Orientation Control Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to control the Orientation of some object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Armored Personnel Carrier An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to transport infantry to the battlefield but which are not usually designed to take part in a direct-fire battle. APC https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armoured_personnel_carrier&oldid=1061608326 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Office Building A Commercial Facility that is designed as an environment for conducting commercial, professional, or bureaucratic work. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office&oldid=1063508719 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Geospatial Coordinate Reference System Geographic Coordinate System A Spatial Reference System that is used to determine and identify the location of a point or object at or near the surface of the Earth. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Academic Degree A Certificate issued by an Educational Organization to a Person to indicate that the Person has satisfactorily completed a course of study, or as an honorary recognition of the Person's achievement. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/degree https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Warning Message A Notification Message that is designed to bear an Information Content Entity that describes a possible or impending threat. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Geospatial Region A Site that is at or near the surface of the Earth. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Fourth-Order Administrative Region A Government Domain that is a subdivision of a Third-Order Administrative Region. http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Curved A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having borders which are smoothly rounded. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Portion of Cash A Financial Instrument that is designed to be a ready medium of exchange. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Objective A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some projected state that some Agent intends to achieve. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_(goal) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Fuel Cell An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte; converts chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction of positively charged hydrogen ions with an oxidizing agent (typically oxygen); and, if given a continuous source of fuel and oxidizing agent, can continuously produce electricity. A Fuel Cell differs from a Battery in that it requires a continuous source of fuel and oxygen to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas a Battery only uses chemicals already stored inside it. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuel_cell&oldid=1063586731 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cuboidal A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having six Rectangular faces. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Public Safety Facility A Facility that is designed for the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger, injure, or damage the general public. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_security&oldid=1058257389 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Life Support Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact materially affects an organism, where this causes that organism to continue living in a situation where death would otherwise occur. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Research and Development Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of producing new knowledge or of devising new applications of existing knowledge. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Research_and_development&oldid=1062181110 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Artifact Function A Radar Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities using the motion of a radar antenna over a targeted region to create a synthetic aperture. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Military Base A Military Facility that is designed to shelter military equipment and personnel and to facilitate training and operations. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_base&oldid=1047077734 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Concave Shape A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having one or more cavities, such that at least one line connecting a pair of points on the surface of the bearer will lie outside. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Commercial Role A Role that inheres in an Organization by virtue of its establishment as a for-profit business. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Neutral Role An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent not performing or being committed to performing Acts that have as their Objective to either support or undermine the Objectives of an Agent or Group of Agents involved in some conflict. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Geospatial Location A Geospatial Region that is at which an Entity or Event is located. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Tripod A Material Artifact that consists of three legs and a platform that joins them and which is designed to support the weight and maintain the stability of objects that are attached to or rested on the platform. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripod&oldid=1063988190 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology High Density Residential Area A Populated Place which is characterized by densely contained multiple-unit living structures. Anderson et. al. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for use with Remote Sensor Data, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology X-ray Frequency An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 30 petahertz and 30 exahertz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Detonating Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of combustion involving a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detonation&oldid=1061553336 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Email Messaging Act of Emailing An Act of Communication by Media in which text-based communication occurs between two or more people using personal computers or other devices using some Email Client Software conveyed over the Internet. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Email&oldid=1063646749 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Code List A List that contains an ordered sequence of Information Bearing Entities that carry Code Identifiers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Serrated A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having multiple sharp points along a edge. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Radio Communication Interference Artifact Function A Communication Interference Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to interfere with the transmission of information via radio waves. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Natural Language A Language that is developed and evolves through use and repetition, rather than through conscious planning or premeditation. English Mandarin (Chinese) Spanish https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_language&oldid=1060890461 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Measurement Unit of Force A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of interactions in which the Motion or Velocity of an object is changed, unless the interaction is opposed. newton, dyne, pound force https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology A Julian Day begins at noon Universal Time and is twenty-four Hours in duration. Julian Day A Calendar Day in the Julian Calendar. https://www.defit.org/julian-date/ https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Wire Antenna A Radio Antenna that consists primarily of a length of wire. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Eye A Bodily Component that consists of an organ that canonically affords the Agent it is part of with the ability to receive visual stimuli necessary for sight. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Financial Withdrawal An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent to another Agent (the Depositor) from an account created by an earlier Act of Financial Deposit performed by the Depositor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposit_(bank) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Unit of Area Moment of Inertia Measurement Unit of Second Area Moment A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to an axis. A measure of an object’s resistance to bending or deflection. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Power A Process Profile that is characterized by the rate of Work, or Energy consumed, done in a given time period. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Optical Processing Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a visible light processing event. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Center of Mass A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the point where the weighted position vectors of the distributed Mass of a Material Entity relative to this point sum to zero. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Center_of_mass&oldid=1059976491 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Contractor Role A Role that inheres in an Agent or Group of Agents by virtue of that Agent or Group of Agents entering into a Contract to provide materials or labor to perform a service or complete a task. A Contractor Role differs from an Occupation Role in at least two ways. First, the Contract that binds the two parties together is not one of employment. Second, a Contractor Role is occupationally neutral in that an Agent can be contracted to perform any number of Occupational Roles. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Ethnic Group A Group of Persons who identify with one another based on one or more shared inherited characteristics such as language, ancestry, nationality, culture, customs, religion, or social experiences. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_group&oldid=1063804490 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Near Ultraviolet Light Frequency An Ultraviolet Light Frequency that is between 750 terahertz and 3 petahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ultraviolet&oldid=1062593453 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Service Provider An Organization whose purpose is to provide a service to other Agents. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Service_provider&oldid=1059415018 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Mosque A Religious Facility that is designed for Islamic worship and prayer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mosque&oldid=1062609892 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Act of Planning A Planned Act that involves making a Plan to achieve some specified Objective. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Radiation Emissivity An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to emit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Tool Use An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Tool. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Transverse Wave Profile Transverse Wave A Wave Process Profile in which the displacement of participating particles is perpendicular to the direction of the Wave Process' propogation. http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Vehicle Use An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Vehicle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Pneumatic Power Source A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, or transmit power by means of compressed air or compressed inert gases. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Communication by Media An Act of Communication in which some Artifact is used to transfer an Information Bearing Entity from sender(s) to receiver(s). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Unit of Currency A Measurement Unit used in measurements of financial values. U.S. Dollar, Euro, Yuan, South African Rand https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 mm Extremely High Frequency ITU Band Number 11 Millimeter Band Frequency A Microwave Frequency that is between 30 and 300 GHz. EHF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Departure An Act of Location Change that consists of the participating entity leaving its starting location such that the larger Act of Location Change is initiated. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Assassination An Act of Murder of a prominent person. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Pulsejet Engine Pulse Jet Pulsejet An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that is capable of operating statically and uses intermittent (pulsing) Combustion of the fuel-oxidizer mixture before expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulsejet&oldid=1050473545 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Loudness A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the amplitude and total energy of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from soft to loud. https://byjus.com/physics/loudness-of-sound/ https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Air Conditioning Unit AC Unit A Cooling System that is designed to remove excess heat and humidity from the air in an enclosed space. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_conditioning&oldid=1063494896 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Transparent An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit all or nearly all electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs little or no electromagnetic radiation of that frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Gamma-ray Telescope A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing Gamma-rays to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telescope&oldid=1057722342 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Rotational Inertia Measurement Unit of Moment of Inertia Measurement Unit of Rotational Mass A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to its axis of rotation. A measure of an object’s resistance to change in its state of rotation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology White A Color of maximum brightness, the color of objects that reflect nearly all wavelengths of the visible light spectrum, thus considered achromatic. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Date Identifier Day Identifier A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Day. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Sound waves with frequencies in this range are typically audible to humans. Sonic Frequency Audible Frequency A Sound Frequency that is between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Communications Facility A Facility that is designed to support processes of receiving or transmitting information. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Convention on Rights and Duties of States (inter-American); December 26, 1933. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023. 2023-02-08T19:54:46-05:00 https://cubrc.org Government of a Country A Government that has legitimate authority within and is delimited by a Domain of a Country. Government of a Country https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Some (most) jet engines utilize turbines, but some do not. Most rocket engines do not utilize turbines, but some do. Jet Engine A Reaction Engine that discharges a fast moving jet that generates Thrust by jet propulsion. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet_engine&oldid=1060157063 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cutting Artifact Function A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired by being opened or divided. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/cutting https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Decrease of Quality A Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Quality that it bears. Weight Loss, Decreasing Temperature, decreasing color intensity, loss of structural integrity https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Bond Certificate A Bond that consists of a Certificate. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Financial Instrument A Material Artifact that is designed to be a tradeable asset and that is legally sanctioned. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finance&oldid=1062402926 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Defoliant Artifact Function An Herbicide Artifact Function that is realized in a process that causes a plant to lose its leaves. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Defoliant&oldid=1059494225 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Count Measurement Information Content Entity A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the number of members of some aggregate. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Temporal Instant Identifier Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some Temporal Instant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Diameter A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a circle in virtue of the extent of a straight line that passes through the center of the circle and starts and ends on the circle's boundary. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Loss of Generically Dependent Continuant A Loss of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the carrier of some Generically Dependent Continuant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Decrease of Disposition A Decrease of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Disposition it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Although people speak of targeting a process, say, a parade, what in fact are being targeted are the material participants of that process. The disruption or ceasing of the process is the objective of some plan, but not technically a target. Only material things can be targeted for action. Even if some dependent entity is described as being the target, the material thing for which that dependent entity depends is the object of a targeting process. Target A Material Entity that is the object of an Act of Targeting. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Seat of Local Government City Hall Town Hall A Government Building that is designed for the administration of a local community. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seat_of_government&oldid=1063047501 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Unplanned Act Unintentional Act An Act in which at least one Agent plays a causative role and which is not prescribed by some Objective held by any of the Agents. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Telescope An Imaging Instrument that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing Electromagnetic Radiation to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telescope&oldid=1057722342 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Vulnerability | Definition of Vulnerability by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.Com Also Meaning of Vulnerability. https://web.archive.org/web/20210118111731/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/vulnerability. Accessed 19 Dec. 2022. https://cubrc.org Vulnerability A Disrupting Disposition the realization of which would disrupt a process that the bearer of the Disrupting Disposition has an interest in. This is defined class. A Vulnerability is indexed by the interest_in object property. A disposition can be a Vulnerability according to one index and not a Vulnerability according to another index. Vulnerability https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Water Transportation Artifact A Transportation Artifact that is fixed in place and designed to bear a Function, the realization of which is sometimes part of a process of moving Vehicles and Agents from one location to another via water. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Morning A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am) and reaches its apex (approximately 12:00pm). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Organism An Object that is an Animal or Plant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Explosive Weapon Bomb A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of a violent release of energy caused by the exothermic reaction of an explosive material. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Explosive_weapon&oldid=1062481268 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Process Prohibition A Process Regulation that prohibits some Process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Gain of Dependent Continuant A Change in which an Independent Continuant becomes the bearer or carrier of some Dependent Continuant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Enhanced Stasis Enhanced A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has undergone improvement (i.e., an increase or gain) due to a previous action or event such that the Independent Continuant is now of greater value, usefulness, or functionality. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/enhance https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Depending on the nature of the Flight or Mission, the Payload of a Vehicle may include cargo, passengers, flight crew, munitions, scientific instruments or experiments, or other equipment. Extra fuel, when optionally carried, is also considered part of the payload. Payload A Material Entity that is transported by a Vehicle during an Act of Location Change for the purpose of being delivered to or performing one or more functions at a predefined location. In each case, the Payload is what provides the immediate reason for performing the Act of Location Change (e.g. transporting the passengers of a commercial airline flight to their destination; transporting food, fuel, oxygen, research equipment, and spare parts to the International Space Station; or conveying an array of sensors, cameras, and communications systems so they can operate during a Sun-Synchronous Earth Orbit). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Payload&oldid=1035953573 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stasis of Non-Mission Capable A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing any of its primary functions for the specified Mission. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Visible Light Reflection Process A Wave Process in which an Electromagnetic Wave with a Visible Light Frequency is reflected off a portion of matter. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology QR Code A Two-Dimensional Barcode that consists of numeric, alphanumeric, binary, or kanji information and is used primarily for tracking and marketing. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cone Shape A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having a Round base that tapers smoothly to an apex. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cone&oldid=1058362269 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Dam A Material Artifact that is designed to impound surface water or underground streams. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dam&oldid=1053601756 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Animal An Organism that is multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and capable of motility for part of its life. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal&oldid=1063873549 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Hydrographic Feature A Geographic Feature associated with water. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Educational Organization An Organization whose primary purpose is to provide training or otherwise facilitate learning or the acquisition of knowledge, Skills, values, beliefs, or habits. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education&oldid=1064011752 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Cube Shape A Cuboidal shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having six Square faces. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Artifact Employment A Planned Act of using an Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology This is a general term that applies to both military and civilian activities, such as the Geospatial Region within which a company conducts its business. Operational Area A Geospatial Location in which an Agent conducts some activity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Organization Capability An Agent Capability that inheres in an Organization to the extent of that Organization's capacity to realize it in Intentional Acts of a certain type. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Sensor A Transducer that is designed to convert incoming energy into a output signal which reliably corresponds to changes in that energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sensor&oldid=1059883466 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Force A Process Profile that is the rate of change of an object's Momentum, is the product of an object's Mass and Acceleration with respect to an inertial frame of reference, and is measured in units of Newtons (N). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Article of Solid Waste A Portion of Waste Material that has a low liquid content. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2508 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sound Production Sound Production Process A Wave Production Process that produces a Sound Wave. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Religious Training Acquisition An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tenets and/or practices of a religion from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Religious Organization. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Environmental Feature A Material Entity that is either a natural or man-made feature of the environment. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Quality Specification A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Quality. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Scalp A Bodily Component that consists of the skin covering the top of the head of a human or other animal. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Power Rectifier A Material Artifact that is designed to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rectifier&oldid=1049943028 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sloped A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a horizontal border which is not level. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Thin Narrow Slender A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a width or depth which is significantly smaller in proportion to its length or height. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Sine Waveform Sinusoidal Waveform A Waveform that is characterized by a smooth curved shape due to the continuous non-linear transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Tool A Material Artifact that is designed to assist in the performance of manual or mechanical work and not to be consumed in that process. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool&oldid=1061967184 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Code 93 Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of up to 93 ASCII characters and is used in logistics to identify packages in retail inventory, lable electornic components, and provide supplementary delivery information. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Motel A Hotel that is designed to accommodate motor vehicles along with their occupants. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motel&oldid=1063898961 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology An Act of Position Change does not entail a change of location. Act of Position Change An Act of Motion in which the position (i.e. the orientation, alignment, or arrangement) of some Object or of one or more of an Object's parts is changed by some Agent. a top spinning in place adjusting your posture raising your left arm swivelling your office chair to face the window https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Sawtooth Waveform A Waveform that is characterized by a sawtooth shape due to the continuous linear transition from minimum to maximum Amplitudes followed by a near-instantaneous transition from the maximum to minimum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Controllable Pitch Propeller Variable-Pitch Propeller A Propeller whose blades are designed to be alterable by rotating the blades about their vertical axis by means of mechanical or hydraulic arrangement. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variable-pitch_propeller&oldid=1041375492 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ally Role An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of that Agent's commitment to perform Acts that support the Objectives of a particular Agent or Group of Agents. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Mass Media Communication An Act of Communication intended to reach a large audience using a medium such as the internet, television, radio, newspaper, and magazine. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Media&oldid=1062799283 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Julian Date Fraction Julian Date Time Identifier Julian Day Fraction A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Julian Day. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Convex Shape A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having a cavity, such that no line connecting a pair of points on the surface of the bearer will lie outside. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Artifact Location A Site that is the location of some Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity' and 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity' are complementary notions. Deviation is a measure of whether reality conforms to an ICE (e.g., a plan or prediction), whereas Veracity is a measure of whether a Descriptive ICE conforms to reality. Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information ('Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity'). Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity Accuracy of Information Trueness Measurement Veracity Measurement A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which a description conforms to the reality it describes. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Portion of Propellant A Portion of Material that is designed to be used as an input in a Propulsion Process to produce Thrust. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ignition Process Ignition A Natural Process that initiates a Combustion process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Cargo Transportation An Act of Location Change involving the movement of manufactured goods through some Transportation Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology JAN-13 Barcode An EAN Barcode that consists of 13 numerical digits and is used primarily in Japan to designate products at the point of sale. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Instrument Display Panel An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear information about some Artifact that is derived by the instrumentation Sensors of that Artifact. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight_instruments&oldid=1062972990 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Valve A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to regulate, direct, or control the flow of fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing the fluid from moving along a passageway. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valve&oldid=1048906126 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Interpersonal Relationship Role A Role that inheres in a Person in virtue of the obligations, expectations, or social norms that govern that Person's Intentional Acts within the context of a relationship with another Person. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Legal Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of giving legal advice to clients drafting legal documents for clients and representing clients in legal negotiations and court proceedings such as lawsuits. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law&oldid=1060821734 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Imaging Artifact Function An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology ITF Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of an even number of numerical characters and is used primarily in packaging and distribution. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Navigation Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to determine the precise location of itself or another object and plan a route to a specified destination. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Maximum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the largest or having the greatest amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Abbreviated Name A Designative Name that is a shortened form of a Proper Name. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Trucks vary greatly in their size and power -- ranging from small ultra-light trucks to enormous heavy trucks. Trucks also vary greatly in their configurations -- ranging from very basic flatbeds or box trucks to highly specialized cargo carriers. Trucks may also be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks, concrete mixers, and suction excavators. Truck A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to be used to transport cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Truck&oldid=1060924486 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Thickness A Depth that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it extending inward through an object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Financial Value A quality that inheres in an independent continuant to the degree that that independent continuant can serve as a medium of exchange in an economic system at a particular time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the BFO 'occupies temporal region' property) that the Entity bears the Disposition. Gain of Disposition A Gain of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Disposition. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Ultraviolet Light Frequency An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 750 terahertz and 30 petahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ultraviolet&oldid=1062593453 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Increase of Realizable Entity An Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Realizable Entity that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Weapon Use An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Weapon. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Loss of Role A Loss of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology 'Matter' here can also refer to the inertial energy of an object. Typical unit of measure is the kilogram or pound. Mass A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the amount of matter in that bearer. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Encounter An Act of Association wherein two or more Persons meet in a casual or unplanned manner. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=encounter (Sense Key: Encounter%2:38:00) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Religion An Information Content Entity that consists of a collection of claims about the meaning or origin of existence or about the existence or nature of one or more deities, an afterlife, or spiritual or sacred entities, and which is accepted as true by an Agent or Group of Agents. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/religion https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Infrared Camera Thermal Imaging Camera Thermographic Camera A Camera that is designed to form and record an image generated from infrared radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermographic_camera&oldid=1063916009 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ground Vehicle A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by some form of ground travel. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Land_vehicles&oldid=546083623 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Week A Temporal Interval that is equal to seven consecutive Days. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=week https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Radiopacity Radiodensity An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to allow or prevent X-rays to pass through it. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radiodensity&oldid=1048274724 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Inverse Sawtooth Waveform A Waveform that is characterized by a sawtooth shape due to the continuous linear transition from maximum to minimum Amplitudes followed by a near-instantaneous transition from the minimum to maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Stasis of Fully Mission Capable A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is capable of performing all of its primary functions for the specified Mission. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Impact Shielding Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact reduces the damage caused to the shielded object by an impact with another object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Report A Document that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that conveys an account of some event, situation, or the result of some observation or inquiry. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Report&oldid=1063765657 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Nozzle Throat A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of the narrowest portion of a Nozzle that is designed to converge the flow of fluid in order to increase the Velocity of the flow. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Since predictions are inherently about not-yet-existant things, the Modal Relation Ontology term 'describes' (i.e. mro:describes) should be used (instead of the standard cco:describes) to relate instances of Predictive Information Content Entity to the entities they are about. Predictive Information Content Entity Prediction Prediction Information Content Entity A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes an uncertain future event. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Infrastructure Element A Material Entity that bears an Infrastructure Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electromagnetic Radiation Property A Disposition that inheres in an bearer in virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Deception Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes which misinform or mislead some other entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deception&oldid=1061346984 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Universal Time Reference System A Solar Time Reference System that is based on the average speed of the Earth's rotation and which uses the prime meridian at 0° longitude as a reference point. UT https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Convention on Rights and Duties of States (inter-American); December 26, 1933. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023. 2023-02-06T10:14:09-05:00 Material Territory of a Country The portions of lithosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere that together exactly occupy a The Domain of a Country. Material Territory of a Country https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Magnetism A Disposition that is realized when its bearer exerts a magnetic force on another entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology When an object is "weighed", in the typical case, it is done so by taking into account the local force of gravity to determine the object's mass, whose standard of measure is the kilogram. The actual unit of measure of weight is the newton. Weight A Quality that inheres in some material entity with a mass in virtue of its location in some gravitational field. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Steam Engine An External Combustion Engine that is designed to use steam as its working fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steam_engine&oldid=1064097686 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Refraction Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a refraction event in which the Artifact causes a change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Note that, while most if not all Acts of Appraisal involve some estimating and many Acts of Estimation involve some appraising (i.e. these classes are not disjoint), neither class subsumes the other. For example, some Acts of Appraisal (e.g. a tax assessor appraising the value of a building) impart a normative element to the measured value while others (e.g. a gustatory appraisal that fresh green beans taste better than canned green beans) involve complete information. Furthermore, many Acts of Estimation (e.g. estimating the height of a tree) are concerned solely with determining a numerical value (as opposed to the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality). Act of Appraisal An Act of Measuring that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality of something or someone. a food critic rating the quality of a restaurant's ambiance, service, and food a mechanic assessing whether a damaged vehicle is repairable an insurance agent appraising the financial value of a building In the context of an Act of Appraisal, the terms 'value', 'condition', and 'quality' do not have the same meanings as their counterparts that are defined in the Common Core Ontologies. For example, a knife may be appraised to be of high quality if it is sharp and sturdy or to be of inferior quality if it is dull or fragile. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Portion of Gaseous Propellant A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a gaseous state. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Heat Engine An Engine that is designed to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Mine A Facility that is designed to support the extraction of minerals or other geological materials from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit within the earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mining&oldid=1062844924 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Email Message A Message that is transmitted to the recipient's Email Box. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Email&oldid=1063646749 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Entertainment Facility A Facility that is designed to host activities that are intended to hold the interest of, or give pleasure or delight to, an audience. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Entertainment&oldid=1061851778 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Gain of Realizable Entity A Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Realizable Entity. An informant becomes unreliable (disposition), A person begins to speak French (function), a person becomes a welder (role). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 km Low Frequency ITU Band Number 5 A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 kHz. LF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Oscillation is often thought of in the sense of motion, e.g., a swinging clock pendulum. However, the repetitive variation in location around a central point is technically a process of vibration, sometimes referred to as mechanical oscillation. Use the term Vibration Motion for those cases. Oscillation Process Oscillation A Change in which the dependent entity alternates between two or more stases. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscillation&oldid=1002978272 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology 2023-03-29T20:17:54-04:00 https://cubrc.org Permanent Resident A person with a Permanent Resident Role. Permanent Resident https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Highway A Road that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel between relatively major destinations. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Highway&oldid=1063985949 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Organization Member A Person who is affiliated with some Organization by being a member of that Organization. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Color Brightness Color Intensity An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect or radiate light. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Non-Name Identifier ID Identifier A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified namespace or context, is not a Designative Name, may be automatically or randomly generated, and typically has no preexisting cultural or social significance. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Ground Moving Target Indication Artifact Function A Moving Target Indication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to identify and track entities moving on or near the ground. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Containing Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which one entity contains another. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/containing https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Decoy A Material Artifact that is designed to distract or conceal what an individual or group might be looking for. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decoy&oldid=1058455081 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Algorithm A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Process and contains a finite sequence of unambiguous instructions in order to achieve some Objective. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000064 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Act of Terrorism An Act of Violence which creates fear and which is prescribed by religious, political or ideological objectives, and which deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilians and are committed by members of non-government organizations. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terrorism&oldid=1063471352 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Mailing Facility A Facility that is designed for the systematic physical transportation of documents and packages. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mail&oldid=1057401839 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Radiological Weapon A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of releasing radioactive material. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radiological_warfare&oldid=1060817328 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Distance Measurement Artifact Function A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the spatial Distance to a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Missile Launcher A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch one or more Precision-Guided Missiles. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Torque Measurement Unit of Moment of Force Measurement Unit of Rotational Force A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate of change of angular momentum of an object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Effect Consequence A Process that follows and is caused by some previous Process. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=effect https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Government Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which public policy is administered and the actions of its members are directed. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government&oldid=1063736308 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Convention on Rights and Duties of States (inter-American); December 26, 1933. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023. 2023-02-06T10:14:09-05:00 Material Territory of a Government Domain The portions of lithosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere that together exactly occupy a Government Domain Material Territory of a Government Domain https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/intam03.asp https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Power Transmission Artifact A Material Artifact that is designed to transfer and regulate Power flow from a Power Source to an application point. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radio Relay Station A Communications Facility that is designed to support the receiving and re-transmitting of radio signals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Cleaning Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to remove foreign objects from another object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Neutral Person Unallied Person A Person who is the bearer of some Neutral Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Combat Outpost A Military Facility that is designed to support the conduction of combat operations of limited scope or size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost_(military) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Battery Terminal A Material Artifact that is designed to connect a load or charger to a single or multiple-cell Battery. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battery_terminal&oldid=1059455659 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Distance Measurement Information Content Entity A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a One-Dimensional Extent inhering in some Site that is externally connected to two Independent Continuants. Displacement (vector) is the shortest possible distance (scalar) between two points. Further thought is needed to adequately handle measurements of distance traveled along a path, e.g., a circuitous path or an arc (such as the surface of a planet), versus the simple case of a direct, straight line between two points. Distance is a measure between two reference points, which are located on or in, or in some manner part of, the two obejcts for which the length of the extent between is sought. For exmple, the center point of the indentation of a ball in the sand and the edge of the foul line, the forwardmost point on a car's bumper and the closest point on the 2-dimensional plane that serves as the fiat boundary of a crosswalk, the center of an antenna array and closest point on ground. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Distribution Port A Port that is designed with the cargo handling equipment necessary for the loading and unloading of Watercraft https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port&oldid=1064091505 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Anti-Bacterial Artifact Function An Anti-Microbial Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death of, some bacterium. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antibiotic&oldid=1063633090 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 10,000–1,000 km Super Low Frequency ITU Band Number 2 A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 Hz. SLF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Prosthetic Foot A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing foot. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prosthesis&oldid=1063749698 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Calendar Year A Year that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Year. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Sound Wave Process A Mechanical Wave Process of Pressure and displacement that is parallel to the propogation direction of the Wave Process through a medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sound&oldid=1050465877 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Inhabitancy A Planned Act in which a Person lives at a Site for a period of time that may be as short as 1 day/night or as long as the Person's entire life. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inhabit https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Product Transport Facility A Facility that is designed to transport some product. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Voltage Regulating Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to cause a change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of an electrical component. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voltage_regulation&oldid=1045628774 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Attitude Control Artifact Function Orientation Control Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in an attitude control process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Medical Depot A Storage Facility that is designed to store medical supplies. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology External Navigation Lighting System A Lighting System that is designed to be attached to some Vehicle and to emit colored light in order to signal that Vehicle's position, heading, and status. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navigation_light&oldid=1034200601 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Mirror An Optical Instrument that is designed to reflect light that has a wavelength within a given range and is incident on its relflecting surface such that the reflected light maintains most of the characteristics of the original light. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirror&oldid=1063296474 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Diminutive Name An Abbreviated Name that is a familiar form of a Proper Name. Alex, Bob, Cathy "Familiar form of a Proper Name" means: that the name is (originally) a short, affectionate version of the fuller name, used (originally) by family or friends. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Act of Contract Formation An Act of Promising having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more agents with legal capacity, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contract&oldid=1061365227 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Government Domain Border A Geospatial Boundary that is a boundary of some Government Domain. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Border&oldid=1061275162 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Designative Information Content Entity Designative ICE An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of symbols that denote some Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Act of Training Acquisition An Act of Training performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge from another Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Turbofan Air-Breathing Jet Engine An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses a Turbofan, which consists of a Turbine and a Fan. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turbofan&oldid=1063724215 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Switch Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process of breaking an electric circuit by interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Switch&oldid=1059685800 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Telecommunication Instrument A Communication Instrument that is designed for use by some Agent in some Act of Communication where the recipient of that communication is potentially a significant distance away from the Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fuel Tank A Container that is designed to store a Portion of Fuel. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Every probability measurement is made within a particular context given certain background assumptions. Probability Measurement Information Content Entity Likelihood Measurement Probability Measurement A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the likelihood that a Process or Process Aggregate occurs. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Probability&oldid=1059657543 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Mass Specification A Quality Specification that prescribes the Amount of Mass that a Material Entity should have. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Nozzle Mouth A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of the portion of a Nozzle at the end that is designed to be where the flow of fluid exits the Nozzle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radiolucent Hypodense Transradiance A Radiopacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to permit most X-rays to pass through it. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Ideology An Information Content Entity that consists of a collection of claims about how some part of the world is or should be and which is accepted as true by an Agent or Group of Agents such that it forms the basis of their beliefs, goals, expectations, and motivations. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Enemy Person A Person who is the bearer of some Enemy Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology By increasing the Exhaust Velocity of the gas, the Nozzle increases the Thrust generated. Convergent-Divergent Nozzle CD Nozzle de Laval Nozzle A Nozzle that consists of a tube with an asymmetric hourglass shape that is designed to accelerate hot pressurized gas by converting the heat energy of the gas flow into kinetic energy as it passes through the Nozzle Throat to generate increased Exhaust Velocity of the gas as it exits the Nozzle. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Laval_nozzle&oldid=1062746288 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Afternoon A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun is at its apex (approximately 12:00pm) and when it sets (approximately 6:00pm). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Computer Network Data Network A Telecommunication Network that is designed to allow the exchange of data between two or more computers connected to the network. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computer_network&oldid=1061571662 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wire Receiver A Radio Receiver that uses a Wire Antenna to intercept radio signals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Image An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to carry an Information Content Entity that represents some entity owing to a visual isomorphism between the carrying artifact and the entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image&oldid=1062709732 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology System Clock A Timekeeping Instrument that is part of a computer an is designed to issue a steady high-frequency signal that is used to synchronize all of the computer's internal components. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/system+clock https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Tunnel A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel underneath a surrounding soil, earth, or rock formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunnel&oldid=1062456881 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Power Transmission Line A Product Transport Facility that is designed to transmit electricity over distance via a system of above ground wires including their supports. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_power_transmission&oldid=1062551058 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Terminal Board A Material Artifact that is designed to join electrical terminations and create an electrical circuit by means of a block which connects individual wires without a splice or physically joining the ends. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_connector&oldid=1061247409 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Angle A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the angle between two lines or planes in relation to a vertex. degrees, radians https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Water Tower A Facility that is the bearer of functions realized in processes of storing water in an elevated container. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_tower&oldid=1059754959 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Visual Prosthesis Bionic Eye An Artificial Eye that is designed to replace a missing eye, which performs the function of an eye. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visual_prosthesis&oldid=1059269261 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Command Post Facility A Military Facility that is designed to support the command and control of Military Operations or Forces. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/command-post https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Semi-automatic Pistol A Hand Gun that has a single fixed firing chamber machined into the rear of the barrel and an ammunition magazine capable of holding multiple Cartridges such that the Hand Gun is designed to automatically reload each time it is fired and to fire a Bullet with each successive pull of the trigger until the stored ammunition is depleted. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semi-automatic_pistol&oldid=1058568715 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Acceleration A Process Profile that is the rate of change of the Velocity of an object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acceleration&oldid=1062249960 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Vehicle A Material Artifact that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another by conveying them there. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&oldid=1063682179 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Horn Antenna Microwave Horn A Radio Antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam and can be used on its own or as a feeder for larger antenna structures, such as Parabolic Antennas. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horn_antenna&oldid=1050375403 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Prosthesis A Medical Artifact that is designed to replace a missing body part. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prosthesis&oldid=1063749698 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electric Battery Battery An Electrical Power Source that is designed to produce electric power by converting chemical energy to electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fossil Fuel Power Plant An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert fossil fuels (e.g. coal, natural gas, or petroleum) into electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fossil_fuel&oldid=1062298144 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Village A Local Administrative Region in which a human population permanently resides that is typically larger than the population of a hamlet but smaller than that of a Town. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/village https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Counterfeit Instrument A Material Artifact that is designed to be a fake replica of some genuine Artifact. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counterfeit&oldid=1063493600 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cryogenic Storage Dewar A Container that is designed to store a Portion of Cryogenic Material (such as liquid helium or liquid oxygen) and which consists of, minimally, walls that are constructed from two or more layers that are separated by a high vacuum to provide thermal insulation between the interior and exterior of the dewar. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cryogenic_storage_dewar&oldid=1021282649 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Polarizing Prism A Prism designed to split a beam of light entering the Prism into components of varying polarization. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sea Level A Fiat Surface that divides the spheroid composed of Earth and its atmosphere at some point that corresponds to the mean level of calm water in the Earth’s oceans. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Vehicle Control System A Control System that is designed to enable some Agent to control some Vehicle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Parabolic Antenna Dish Antenna Parabolic Dish A Radio Antenna that uses a parabolic reflector to direct or receive radio waves and has a very high gain. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parabolic_antenna&oldid=1057213241 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wedding Act of Wedding Ceremony An Act of Ceremony in which two Persons are united in Marriage or a similar institution. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedding&oldid=1063857279 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Decrease of Dependent Continuant A Change in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in the level of some Dependent Continuant that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Communication Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which meaningful signs are conveyed from one entity to another. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The submillimeter waveband is between the far-infrared and microwave wavebands and is typically taken to have a wavelength of between a few hundred micrometers and a millimeter. Submillimeter Wavelength Radio Telescope Microwave Telescope A Radio Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing radio waves from the submillimeter waveband (i.e. microwaves) to form an enhanced image of the Object. http://kp12m.as.arizona.edu/docs/what_is_submillimeter.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submillimetre_astronomy https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Spherical Coordinate System A Spatial Reference System for three-dimensional spatial regions that identifies each point using an ordered triple of numerical coordinates that consist of the radial distance of the point of interest from a fixed origin, its polar angle measured from a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle of its orthogonal projection measured from a fixed direction on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spherical_coordinate_system&oldid=1061029174 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Hydraulic Power Transfer Unit A Material Artifact that is designed to transfer hydraulic power from one of an Aircraft's hydraulic systems to another in the event that a system has failed or been turned off. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power_transfer_unit&oldid=1002682083 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity' and 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity' are complementary notions. Deviation is a measure of whether reality conforms to an ICE (e.g., a plan or prediction), whereas Veracity is a measure of whether a Descriptive ICE conforms to reality. Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations ('Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity'). Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity Conformance Measurement Degree of Conformance Degree of Deviation Deviation Measurement A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity conforms to how it is expected or supposed to be. a missile impact deviates from its target location by 100 feet a satellite deviaties from its predicted orbital path by 5 kilometers an overweight piece of luggage deviates from an airline's maximum allowed weight by +10 pounds In order for a Deviation to exist, an entity must first be expected, represented, prescribed, or predicted as being a certain way. Then, at a future time, this value can be compared to its actual, reported, or measured value to determine the Deviation between these values. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–1 mm Microwave Frequency A Radio Frequency that is between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microwave&oldid=1062124842 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Spherical A Three Dimensional Shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of all of its cross sections being round. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Land Mine An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be concealed under or on the ground and to detonate as its target passes over or near it. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_mine&oldid=1060289159 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Geospatial Region Bounding Box Identifier List A Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate that is comprised of 4 pairs of coordinates, one for each of the 4 defining points (North, West, South, East) of a Geospatial Region Bounding Box. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Transducer A Material Artifact that is designed to convert one form of energy to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transducer&oldid=1053290948 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Forward Operations Base Forward Operating Base A Military Base that is located relatively close to an offensive Area of Operations, is supported by the Base of Operations, and is designed to support local strategic objectives and tactical operations. FOB https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forward_operating_base&oldid=1059263624 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Length A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's greatest extent in one direction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Sojourn An Act of Inhabitancy in which a Person lives in a dwelling temporarily, often during stages of an Act of Travel. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology This class is designed to group continuants according to a very broad criterion and is not intended to be used as a parent class for entities that can be more specifically represented under another class. Hence, Natural Resource may be an appropriate subtype but Money, Oil, and Gold Mine are not. Resource A Continuant that is owned by, in the possession of, or is otherwise controlled by an Agent such that it could be used by that Agent. a group of interns a knowledge base a plot of land a software program a sum of money a vehicle Resources are Resources for some Agent. If no instance of Agent existed, no instance of Resource would exist either. It is not a requirement that something be valuable in order for it to be a Resource. Thus the value of something can drastically change without altering whether that thing is a Resource. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Targeting A Planned Act wherein some Agent maintains one or more entities as the objects of potential action given some operational requirement. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Ignition System A Material Artifact that is designed to produce an Ignition process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Chart An Image that is designed to carry some Representational Information Content Entity that is prescribed by some canonical visual format. Adapted from “Chart.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chart. Accessed 4 Aug. 2024. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Social Group Membership An Act of Association wherein a Person belongs to some Social Group. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Point Estimate Information Content Entity Best Estimate Point Estimate Point Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of a single value for the measured entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Combustion Engine A Heat Engine that is designed to convert thermal energy that is generated through a local Combustion process into mechanical energy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Canal A Water Transportation Artifact that is an artificial Hydrographic Feature designed to convey water or enable Watercraft to travel inland. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canal&oldid=1059514223 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Bullet A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be projected by a Firearm, Sling, Slingshot, or Air Gun, but which does not (typically) contain explosives. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bullet&oldid=1062391591 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Julian Day Number A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Julian Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the Julian Date epoch. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Text Messaging Act of Text Messaging Act of Texting An Act of Communication by Media involving the exchange of brief written messages between fixed-line phone or mobile phone and fixed or portable devices over a network. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Text_messaging&oldid=1062261405 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Action Permission Authorization License A Process Regulation that permits some Process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology This is a defined class used to group process profiles of Wave Processes. Note that not every relevant process profile can be asserted as a subtype, however, because they (e.g. Frequency and Amplitude) are applicable to other processes as well (e.g. Oscillation Process). Wave Process Profile A Process Profile of a Wave Process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–100 km Ultra Low Frequency ITU Band Number 3 A Radio Frequency that is between 300 Hz and 3 kHz. ULF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Divisions between EM radiation frequencies are fiat and sources vary on where to draw boundaries. Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency A Frequency that is characterized by the rate of Oscillations per second of an Electromagnetic Wave. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_spectrum&oldid=1063851392 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Zenith A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that extends from a given location upward along the local vertical direction pointing in the direction opposite the apparent Gravitational Force at that location. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zenith&oldid=1052625030 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Database An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some set of specific Information Content Entities and to be rapidly searchable and retrievable. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Database&oldid=1057024641 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Synagogue A Religious Facility that is designed for Judaic worship and prayer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synagogue&oldid=1063773298 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Component Role A Role that inheres in an entity having a discrete structure in virtue of that entity being part of a system considered at a particular level of analysis. ISO/IEC. 1998. Information Technology ― System and Software Integrity Levels Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ISO/IEC. 15026:1998. : 3.1 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Color Saturation An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect high intensity light distributed across fewer wavelengths, typically considered on a continuum of purity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Surface Wave Profile Surface Wave A Wave Process Profile in which the Wave Process propogates along the surface of a medium and which involves both transverse and longitudinal wave profiles such that the motion of the displacement of participating particles is circular or elliptical. the motion of an ocean wave https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Pier A Transportation Facility that is designed to partially enclose a harbor and form a landing place for Watercraft. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pier&oldid=1057802753 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Fungicide Artifact Function An Anti-Microbial Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death of, some fungus or fungal spore. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fungicide&oldid=1056769271 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Velocity A Process Profile of an object's Motion that is characterized by its Speed and direction with respect to a frame of reference. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Velocity&oldid=1063300750 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Optical Focusing Artifact Function An Optical Processing Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a light focusing event in which the Artifact causes the light beam to converge on a target spatial point. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wave Production Wave Production Process A Natural Process in which a Wave Process is generated. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Hardness A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which it can be turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology A Lubrication System typical consists of a reservoir, pump, heat exchanger, filter, regulator, valves, sensors, pipes, and hoses. In some cases it also includes the passageways and openings within the artifact it is designed to lubricate. For example, the oil holes in a bearing and crankshaft. Lubrication System A Material Artifact that is designed to contain, transfer, and regulate the flow of lubricant to multiple locations in an Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Amount A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the total, aggregate or sum of a number of discrete items or material the entity contains as parts. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amount https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Requesting An Act of Directive Communication performed by asking for something. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/request https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Unit of Density A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the mass of an object per unit of its total volume. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Imaging Instrument A Material Artifact that is designed to produce images (visual representations) of an entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology An Impulse changes the Momentum (and potentially also the direction of Motion) of the object it is applied to and is typically measured in Newton meters. Impulsive Force Imp Impulse J A Process Profile that is the integral of a Force that is applied to a portion of matter over a period of time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Curvilinear Motion Curved Motion A Translational Motion process in which an Object moves along a curved path. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Video Camera A Camera that is designed to form and digitally or physically record a continuous stream of subsequent images of an entity or scene such that the images can be played back in succession as a video. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Locomotive A Rail Transport Vehicle that is designed to provide the motive power for a Train. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Locomotive&oldid=1062802629 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Signal Detection Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in the process of discerning between information-bearing patterns and random patterns, or noise, that distract from the information. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detection_theory&oldid=1049765804 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Hydraulic Motor A Physically Powered Engine that converts hydraulic pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydraulic_motor&oldid=1027427666 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Chemical Depot A Storage Facility that is designed to store chemicals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Portion of Cryosphere A fiat object part of the frozen part of a natural satellite's hydosphere https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/cryosphere.html (accessed 03/06/2023) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Ethnicity A Quality that inheres in its bearers by virtue of a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture (often including a shared religion) and an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_group&oldid=1063804490 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Control System A Material Artifact that is designed to manage, command, direct, or regulate the behavior of at least one other Artifact. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Control_system&oldid=1061817176 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Factory A Facility that is designed for manufacturing or refining material products. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Factory&oldid=1064125324 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Stasis of Non-Mission Capable Maintenance A Stasis of Non-Mission Capable during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing its primary functions for the specified Mission due to participating in an Act Of Maintenance. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Optical Property An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that is realized when its bearer interacts with electromagnetic waves within the visible light spectrum. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Radio Repeater A Radio Transceiver that is designed to receive a radio signal, amplify it, and retransmit it (often on another frequency). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Repeater&oldid=1040047439 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Increase of Role An Increase of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Role that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Altitude A Height that inheres in a Site that externally connects an Independent Continuant to either the surface of the Earth or the Earth's mean Sea Level. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Turbine Steam Engine Steam Turbine A Steam Engine that is designed to extract thermal energy from pressurized steam and use it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steam_turbine&oldid=1060224962 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Translational Motion A Motion Process in which the participating Object changes its position from one portion of space to another. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Direct Current Power Source An Electrical Power Source that is designed to transfer electrical power in the form of direct current. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Chemical Reaction Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_reaction&oldid=1063262412 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Catadioptric Optical Telescope Catadioptric Telescope An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light through the use of a combination of Lenses and Mirrors to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catadioptric_system&oldid=1017210114 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fuel Ventilation System A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to allow air into the Fuel Tank to take the place of burned fuel. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_fuel_system&oldid=1003132173 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Geospatial Ellipse A One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary that is formed by following a symmetric arc between four vertices which are connected to the center point of the ellipse via a straight line. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Electrical Conduction Artifact Function An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact being used to conduct an electric current. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Rail Transport Vehicle A Ground Vehicle that is designed to convey cargo, passengers, or equipment by Railway. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport&oldid=1063793805 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Hazel A Color that is a combination of Brown and Green, typically associated with eye color. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Information Bearing Artifact A Material Artifact that carries an Information Content Entity and is designed to do so using a particular format or structure. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology List An Information Bearing Artifact that consists of one or more Information Bearing Artifacts that carry Information Content Entities and are the subjects of some Sequence Position Ordinality. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_(abstract_data_type)&oldid=1041588680 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Day A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one rotation around its Rotational Axis as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System. Unless otherwise specified, a Day is assumed to be relative to the rotational motion of the Earth and is approximately equal to a twenty-four hour temporal region for which the start and end times are specified by the Temporal Reference System used. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=day https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology y-Axis A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'y'. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Stage An Entertainment Facility that is designed to provide a space upon which entertaining performances or productions can occur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_(theatre) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Round Circular A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of every point along its circumference being equidistant from the center. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/round https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Prism An Optical Instrument that is designed to refract light and which consists of a transparent material with flat polished surfaces where at least two of these surfaces have an angle between them. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prism&oldid=1060221124 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Coiled A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer being wound in concentric rings or spirals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Power Tool A Tool that is designed to be actuated by a Power Source and mechanism other than or in addition to manual labor. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power_tool&oldid=1057147715 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Compression Ignition Engine An Internal Combustion Engine that is designed to operate by igniting a portion of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture using heat generated via compression of the mixture. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Reactant Artifact Function A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which a substance or compound is added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction and is consumed in the course of the reaction. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reagent&oldid=1017651471 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Submersible Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of operating while submerged in water. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Submersible&oldid=1062994844 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology This is a defined class. Multi-Week Temporal Interval A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Weeks and spans at least one Week. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Radio Wave Conversion Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact being used to convert electric power into radio waves or radio waves into electric power. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electromagnetic Pulse EMP Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance An Electromagnetic Wave Process that consists of a short high-energy burst of electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_pulse&oldid=1060859738 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Portion of Nuclear Fuel A Portion of Material that is designed to be used in a nuclear fission process to produce energy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Water Treatment Facility A Facility that is designed for making water more acceptable for a specific end-use. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_treatment&oldid=1061706931 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Folded A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of one part of the bearer being layered over another connected part. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Portion of Liquid Nitrogen A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid nitrogen. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Geospatial Line String A One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary that has two or more Geospatial Positions as vertices, where each vertex is connected to only one other vertex by a straight line. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Orange A Color that is between Red and Yellow with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 590 to 635 nanometers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Stasis A Process in which one or more Independent Continuants endure in an unchanging condition. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Stasis of Function A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Function that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Promising An Act of Commissive Communication performed by declaring that the promising agent will do, or refrain from doing, the specified action. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/promise https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 km Very Low Frequency ITU Band Number 4 A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 kHz. VLF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Optical Communication Artifact Function An Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of visible light. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications&oldid=1061143810 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stasis of Role A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Role that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Telecommunication Network Line A Communication Artifact that is designed to be the physical transmission medium that connects two or more Telecommunication Network Nodes within a Telecommunication Network to facilitate communication between the Nodes. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_link&oldid=1062252217 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Refractivity A Radiation Reflectivity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to change the direction of a propagating wave when passing through it. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refractive_index&oldid=1062519140 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Time of Day Identifier A Temporal Instant Identifier that designates some Time of Day. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Pesticide Artifact Function A Poison Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a living thing that is detrimental to humans or human concerns. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/pesticide https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Standards of date, time, and time zone data formats: ISO/WD 8601-2 (http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/iso-tc154-wg5_n0039_iso_wd_8601-2_2016-02-16.pdf) W3C (https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime) There is no class 'Time Zone' (the region), only 'Time Zone Identifier' (the designator for some region). Instances of 'Time Zone Identifier' should be related to instances of 'Information Bearing Entity' by means of the object properites 'uses time zone identifier' and 'time zone identifier used by' as appropriate. This is supposed to be analogous to the way we represent the relationship between measurement values and measurement units, where the relevant instance of Information Bearing Entity 'uses measurement unit' some instance of Measurement Unit (i.e., an instance of Information Content Entity). Time Zone Identifier A Spatial Region Identifier that designates the region associated with some uniform standard time for legal, commercial, or social purposes. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology An object's speed is the scalar absolute value of it's Velocity. Speed A Process Profile that is characterized by the magnitude of an object's motion with respect to a frame of reference during some time period. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speed&oldid=1058949945 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Herbicide Artifact Function A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death to, unwanted plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbicide&oldid=1061228045 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Year A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one Orbital Revolution around its Primary Body as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System. Unless otherwise specified, a Year is assumed to be relative to the Orbiting of the Earth around the Sun and is approximately equal to 12 Months or 365 Days. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=year https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Julian Date Identifier A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates a Julian Date and is composed of both a Julian Day Number and a Julian Date Fraction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Mid Infrared Light Frequency An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 20 and 214 terahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_spectrum&oldid=1063851392 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Body Shape A Shape Quality inhering in a Person's body by virtue of the body's general outline or figure. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Financial Instrument Use An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Financial Instrument. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Family A Group of Persons related to one another by ancestry or marriage. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Portion of Fuel A Portion of Material that is designed to release thermal energy when reacted with other substances. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Donating An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is tranfered by an Agent (the Donor) to another Agent (the Recipient) without return consideration. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donation&oldid=1059373518 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Bicycle A Ground Vehicle that consists of two wheels, one in front of the other, attached to a frame along with handlebars and pedals such that it is designed to receive its motive power from pedaling. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycle&oldid=1063761124 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Explosive Artifact Function A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired beucase of the rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/explosive https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sub-Bass Frequency A Sonic Frequency that is between 20 and 60 Hz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Solar Panel An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of one or more photovoltaic (i.e. solar) cells that convert light energy (photons) directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_cell&oldid=1063439932 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_panel&oldid=1064397496 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Temperature A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the thermal energy in an object. celsius, fahrenheit, kelvin https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology A percentage is one way to express a proportional measure where the decimal expression of the proportion is multiplied by 100, thus giving the proportional value with respect to a whole of 100. E.g., the ratio of pigs to cows on a farm is 44 to 79 (44:79 or 44/79). The proportion of pigs to total animals is 44 to 123 or 44/123. The percentage of pigs is the decimal equivalent of the proportion (0.36) multiplied by a 100 (36%). The percentage can be expressed as a proportion where the numerator value is transformed for a denominator of 100, i.e., 36 of a 100 animals are pigs (36/100). We may want to add either a subclass for Percentage or a data property (has percentage value) that links the percentage expression for a proportion to the relevant IBE. Proportional Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a portion of a whole (described by the numerator) compared against that whole (described by the denominator) where the whole is a nominally described set of like entities. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Hydroelectric Power Plant An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert hydropower into electrical power. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroelectricity&oldid=1062438236 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Active Stasis A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is realizing one or more of its designed Artifact Functions (especially one of its primary functions). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Mounted Gun A Firearm that is designed to be fired while mounted. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Heating System An Environment Control System that is designed to heat the air or objects in a Site. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stasis of Quality A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears some Quality that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Light Machine Gun A Long Gun that is designed to fire bullets in quick succession from an ammunition belt or magazine and to be employed by an individual soldier, with or without assistance, and typically weighing 9-22 lbs. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light_machine_gun&oldid=1063598801 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Work A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of displacements of points to which Forces have been applied. joule, erg, kilowatt hour https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Descriptive Information Content Entity Descriptive ICE An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions that describe some Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Decrease of Realizable Entity A Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Realizable Entity that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Effect of Location Change An Effect caused by some Act of Location Change and which results in an Object being located in a different place. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Artifact History A History of an Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ultra High Frequency Communication Instrument A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some Ultra High Frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Improvised Explosive Device An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be used in non-conventional military action. IED https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Improvised_explosive_device&oldid=1063432318 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Television Broadcast Act of Television Broadcasting An Act of Communciation by Media that is transmitted to an audience through a television network. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting&oldid=1063890047 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Allied Person A Person who is the bearer of some Ally Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Split A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a linear opening, or having been divided into parts. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Sound Process Profile Sound Quality A Process Profile that is part of a sound reception process and is characterized by properties of incoming sound waves as they are translated by some sensory system. http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/waves-sound/quantifying/index.html https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sound&oldid=1050465877 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Confessing An Act of Representative Communication in which a person makes an admission of misdeeds or faults. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Public Safety Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of preventing and responding to events that could endanger the safety of the general public from significant danger, injury/harm, or damage, such as crimes or disasters (natural or man-made). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_security&oldid=1058257389 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant A Loss of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Specifically Dependent Continuant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Radio Broadcast Act of Radio Broadcasting An Act of Communciation by Media that is transmitted to an audience through a radio network. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_network&oldid=1037183126 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Pipeline A Product Transport Facility that is designed to transport goods or materials through a pipe. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pipeline&oldid=1024308788 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Rocket Pod A Rocket Launcher that is designed to contain several Unguided Rockets held in individual tubes and to be used by Aircraft or Helicopters for close air support. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Optical Camera A Camera that is designed to form and record an image generated from visible light. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camera&oldid=1063931551 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Infrastructure System Infrastructure A Material Entity that is composed of elements bearing Infrastructure Roles and is by itself sufficient to provide a planned service or benefit to some organization that maintains its elements. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Plant An Organism that is multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, and has cells that contain chloroplasts and walls made of cellulose. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant&oldid=1060821100 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Brown A Color that consists of dark orange and red, and of very low intensity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Physiographic Feature A Geographic Feature that is a geomorphological unit characterized by its surface form and location in the landscape. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landform&oldid=1060439172 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Video An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity in the form of a sequence of representations that are presented sufficiently rapidly to create the appearance of motion and continuity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Video&oldid=1049376249 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Personal Communication An Act of Communication having a small audience. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Loss of Dependent Continuant A Change in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer or carrier of some Dependent Continuant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Brake Control System A Vehicle Control System that is designed to control the process of braking with the aim of preventing rolling, skidding, and hydroplaning. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Identification Friend or Foe Transponder IFF A Radio Transponder that is designed to automatically transmit a predefined signal in response to receiving an appropriate interrogation signal such that the entity it is located on can be positively identified as friendly. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Identification_friend_or_foe&oldid=1055168718 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Religious Group Affiliation An Act of Association wherein some Person belongs to some Religious Demonination or sub-Denomination. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Religious Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes related to worship and prayer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion&oldid=1063431202 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Storage Facility A Facility that is designed to store materials or goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Storage&oldid=1048222564 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Wind Farm An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power by means of wind turbines. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind_farm&oldid=1062817899 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Act of Inviting An Act of Commissive Communication performed by requesting the presence or participation of the audience, and which may include offering an incentive or inducement. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/invite https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Loaning An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is given by an Agent (the Creditor) to another Agent (the Debtor) in order to receive Repayments from the Debtor which are of greater Financial Value. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loan&oldid=1063513958 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Wavy Undulate A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having a sinuous or rippled border. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Wired Communication Reception Artifact Function A Communication Reception Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact receives information transmitted from another Artifact, where the transmission of information occurs via a direct connection using an electrical conductor. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology City A Local Administrative Region in which a relatively large human population permanently resides; is designated as a city based on a particular administrative, legal, or historical status; and which delimits a local Government that typically oversees the provision of systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City&oldid=1062635325 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology High Frequency Communication Instrument A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some High Frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Visible Observation An Act of Observation that involves visual perception. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Travel An Act of Location Change wherein one or more Persons move between relatively distant geographical locations for any purpose and any duration, with or without any means of transport. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Travel&oldid=1037229469 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Calendar System A Temporal Reference System that is designed to organize and identify dates. Calendars typically organize dates through the use of naming and temporal conventions based on Days, Weeks, Months, and Years. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Depth A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a downward, backward, or inward direction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology An empty notebook, when manufactured, is a medium but not yet a carrier of information content. However, a book, in the sense of a novel or collection of philosophical essays or poems, depends necessarily on it carrying some information content. Thus, there are no empty books. Likewise, there are no empty databases, only portions of digital storage that have not yet been configured to carry some information content according to a database software application. Information Medium Artifact A Material Artifact that is designed to have some Information Bearing Artifact as part. A magnetic hard drive A notebook https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Decimal Date Identifier A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since a specified Reference Time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Married Married Stasis A Stasis of Generically Dependent Continuant that consists of a socially, culturally, or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E. L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2011). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (13th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-81178-7 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marriage&oldid=1064076951 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Mean Point Estimate Information Content Entity Arithmetic Mean Average Mean A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the sum of all the values in the set divided by the total number of values in the set. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Oxidizers are essential participants in many processes including combustion and rusting. Hence, a portion of oxidizer must always be present along with a portion of fuel in order for combustion to occur. Portion of Oxidizer Portion of Oxidant Portion of Oxidizing Agent A Portion of Material that is disposed to steal electrons from other substances (i.e. to oxidize other substances) as a participant in a reduction-oxidation process. oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, sulfiric acid, potassium nitrate https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology University, Utah State. Geopolitical Power | Aggies GO. https://chass.usu.edu/international-studies/aggies-go/power. Accessed 6 Apr. 2023. 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org Geopolitical Power Role A Role had by an Organization, that is perceived by an International Community as capable of performing influential acts in that community, and which would be realized in performing such acts. Geopolitical Power Role https://chass.usu.edu/international-studies/aggies-go/power https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology MSI Plessey Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of an indefinite number of numerical characters and is used for inventory control and marking storage containers and shelves in warehouse environments. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radio Communication Relay Artifact Function A Communication Relay Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information without the use of wires from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Decontamination Facility A Washing Facility that is designed to wash personnel or equipment after (potential) contamination by radioactive, biological, or chemical material. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decontamination&oldid=1049850150 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Act of Facility Use An Act of Artifact Employment in which an Agent makes use of some Facility. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Radio Communication Instrument A Communication Instrument that is designed to enable communication between two or more entities via the use of radio waves. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Vehicle Track An Object Track for a Vehicle during some motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Post Office A Mailing Facility that is designed for serving customers of the national postal system. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Post_office&oldid=1063684373 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Email Box A Telecommunication Instrument that is designed to be the delivery destination of Email Messages that are addressed to the corresponding Email Address. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Email_box&oldid=1061295368 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Telephone Phone A Telecommunication Instrument that is designed to provide point-to-point communication between agents by means of audio messages. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone&oldid=1060006278 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Artifact Processing A Planned Act of performing a series of mechanical or chemical operations on something in order to change or preserve it. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Emergency AC/DC Power Source An Electrical Power Source that is designed to provide electrical power in an emergency situation by means of both alternating current and direct current. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Amplitude A Process Profile of an Oscillation Process that is the absolute value of the maximum displacement from a zero, equilibrium, or mean value during one cycle of the Oscillation Process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Semi-Major Axis A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is equal to half the length of the Major Axis of an Ellipse. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Pyramidal A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having a polygonal base with vertices that all connect to the same apex to form triangular faces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_(geometry) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Maroon A Color consisting of purple and brown hue. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Group of Persons A Group of Agents that has only Persons as parts. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Acronym An Abbreviated Name that combines the initial letters of a Designative Name and which is pronounced as a word. Wi-Fi, ASCII, OPSEC https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Lunar Calendar System A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of the Moon's phases. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lunar_calendar&oldid=1055396837 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Permanent Residency - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_residency. Accessed 10 Feb. 2023. 2023-03-29T20:17:54-04:00 https://cubrc.org Permanent Resident Role A role inhering in a Person by virtue of that Person being recognized as having legal resident status in a Government Domain in which that person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. Permanent Resident Role https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_residency https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Telecommunication Network Node A Communication Artifact that consists of a connection point, redistribution point, or endpoint that is designed to be part of a Telecommunication Network and can be either active or passive. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(networking) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Parts List A Quality Specification that prescribes the Amount of some type of Artifact that are part of or located on another Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Death A Natural Process in which all biological functions that sustain a living organism cease. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death&oldid=1064114499 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Calendar Day A Day that begins and ends concurrently with the Seconds specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Seconds of the Day. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Act of Arrival An Act of Location Change that consists of the participating entity reaching its destination such that the larger Act of Location Change is completed. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Arbitrary Identifier Arbitrary ID A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that does not follow an encoding system. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology A Beginning of Life Stasis (BoL) is a relatively brief Operational Stasis that is primarily of interest for the purpose of establishing a baseline for operational parameters to be compared to the designed specifications as well as the Artifact's performance throughout its operational life. Beginning of Life Stasis A Operational Stasis that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is first put into operational use such that its designed set of Artifact Functions is capable of operating at or near their designed peak performance levels. BOL BoL https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Military Training Acquisition An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of Military Operations from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Military Organization. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Apologizing An Act of Expressive Communication performed by acknowledging and expressing regret for a fault, shortcoming, or failure. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=apologizing https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Bass Frequency A Sonic Frequency that is between 60 and 250 Hz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Train Car Railroad Car A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a single Vehicle that is not a Train but is designed to be connected to other Train Cars along with at least one Locomotive to form a Train. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railroad_car&oldid=1063802472 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Part Role A Role that inheres in an entity in virtue of it being part of some other entity without being subject to further subdivision or disassembly without destruction of its designated use. http://origins.sese.asu.edu/ses405/Class%20Notes/Sys-Hier-WBS_Module_V1.0_PAS.pdf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Nickel-metal Hydride Electric Battery NiMH Battery A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a metal-hydride anode and nickel oxide hydroxide cathode. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel%E2%80%93metal_hydride_battery&oldid=1061626676 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology UPC-A Barcode A UPC Barcode that consists of 12 numerical digits. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Computing Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a computation process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Landline Telephone A Telephone that is connected to a Telephone Network through a pair of wires. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone&oldid=1060006278 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Constituent State State A First-Order Administrative Region that is part of a Country and delimits a centralized regional Government that holds constitutionally-defined administrative jurisdiction over the defined geographic territory that bounds the State. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constituent_state&oldid=1063662102 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Legal Instrument Use An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Legal Instrument. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Deactivated Stasis A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is not realizing any of its designed Artifact Functions (or at least not realizing any of its primary functions). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Inhibiting Motion Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to inhibit the motion of some object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Financial Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of managing money. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finance&oldid=1062402926 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Geospatial Line A Geospatial Line String that has only two vertices. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Measurement Unit of Momentum A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the Momentum of a portion of matter that is in Motion. kg m/s, slug ft/s, g m/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Phosphorescence A Luminescent Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light after absorbing shorter wavelength radiation, and to continue emitting after the absorbing process has ceased. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phosphorescence&oldid=1060815719 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Sniper Rifle A Rifle that is designed to be highly accurate for long-range precision tactical shooting. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sniper_rifle&oldid=1061592308 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ocular Prosthesis An Artificial Eye that is designed to replace a missing eye, but which does not function as an eye. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocular_prosthesis&oldid=1061336760 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Thermal Imaging Artifact Function An Imaging Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to create a visual representation of an entity using radiation from the far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that the entity emits https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology X-ray Telescope A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing X-rays to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-ray_telescope&oldid=1035025593 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Government Building A Facility that is designed for the administration of a community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_(government) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Temperature Measurement Artifact Function A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Temperature of a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Religious Worship An Act of Ceremony wherein there occurs acts of religious devotion usually directed towards a deity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worship (Sense Key: Worship%2:42:00 or Worship%1:04:00::) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Consumption A Planned Act in which a resource is ingested or used up. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Maintenance An Act of Artifact Modification in which an Artifact is modified in order to preserve or restore one or more of its designed Qualities or Functions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Electromagnetic Wave Process Electromagnetic Radiation A Wave Process that is produced by charged particles, involves the periodic Oscillation of electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other and the direction of wave propogation such that it has a Transverse Wave Profile, and which transfers electromagnetic radiant energy through a portion of space or matter. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Electric Motor Electric Engine An Engine that is designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_motor&oldid=1063829856 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Pitch A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the frequency of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from low to high. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Telecommunication Infrastructure An Infrastructure System that is designed to support the use of Telecommunication Instruments to communicate. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Telecommunications_infrastructure&oldid=989151314 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Angular Momentum A Momentum that is the product of an object's moment of inertia and its Angular Velocity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angular_momentum&oldid=1063992505 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Highway Interchange A Road Junction that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to exit one or more Highways and enter another Highway without directly crossing any other traffic stream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_(road) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Reservoir A Storage Facility that is designed to store water in a man-made open enclosure or area. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reservoir&oldid=1055068000 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Information Content Entity ICE A Generically Dependent Continuant that generically depends on some Information Bearing Entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some Entity. Information Content Entity is here intended to be a class of Entities whose instances are the informational content of Information Bearing Entities. For example, three instances of information bearers -- such as a bar chart, color-coded map, and a written report -- each of which lists the GDP of Countries for the year 2010 are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of Informational Content Entity (cf. the Information Artifact Ontology) leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the Entity they are about rather than characteristics such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as being Qualities of bearers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Measurement Unit of Frequency A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the number of times an event repeats per unit of time. hertz, revolutions per minute https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Fixed Line Network Telephone Call A Telephone Call transmitted over a telephone network where the telephones are wired into a single telephone exchange. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_network&oldid=1046265527 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Current Conversion Artifact Function An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert some electrical current. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Liquid Propellant A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a liquid state. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fuel Transfer System A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to facilitate the transfer of some Portion of Fuel from the Fuel Tank for use in some Engine. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–100 m Medium Frequency ITU Band Number 6 A Radio Frequency that is between 300 kHz and 3 MHz. MF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Directive Information Content Entity Directive ICE An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions or images (as in the case of a blueprint) that prescribe some Entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology EAN Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 8 or 13 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Height A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a vertical direction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Assault Rifle A Rifle that is designed to have selective-fire functionality and use an intermediate Cartridge and a detachable magazine. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assault_rifle&oldid=1063774380 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Speed A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the rates at which objects traverse distance. miles per hour, kilometers per hour, knot, mach https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Excluded from this class are instances of role change or role creation such as the introduction of an artifact as a piece of evidence in a trial or the loading of artifacts onto a ship for transport. Act of Artifact Modification An Act of Artifact Processing in which an existing Artifact is acted upon in a manner that changes, adds, or removes one or more of its Qualities, Dispositions, or Functions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Deceptive Communication Ac Act of Communication intended to mislead the audience by distortion or falsification of evidence and induce a reaction that is prejudicial to the interests of the audience. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology EAN-13 Barcode An EAN Barcode that consists of 13 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Decimal Time of Day Identifier Fractional Time of Day Identifier A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using a decimal value for the portion of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Plan A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some set of intended Intentional Acts through which some Agent expects to achieve some Objective. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plan&oldid=1047320560 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Cyan A Color that is between Green and Blue with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 490 and 520 nanometers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Political Orientation An Ideology that characterizes the political thinking of an Agent or Group of Agents, usually with respect to the political environment within a particular nation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Publishing Mass Media Documentary An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of information that provides a factual record or report. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Cause A Process that is the cause of or one of the causes of some other Process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Closure A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which that bearer affords passage or sightline through it via an opening, aperture, orifice, or vent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Portion of Waste Material A Portion of Processed Material that serves no further use in terms of the initial user's own purposes of production, transformation, or consumption such that the Agent wants to dispose of it. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Portion of Material Consumption An Act of Artifact Employment in which a Portion of Material is expended. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Decrease of Function A Decrease of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Function that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Shear Wave Process A Mechanical Wave that has a Transverse Wave Profile. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Occupation Role A Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of the responsibilities that Agent is expected to fulfill within the context of some Act of Employment. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Thermal Insulation Artifact Function A Thermal Control Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact prevents or reduces the transfer of heat between objects that are in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermal_insulation&oldid=1059273300 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Scar A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of fibrous connective tissue on skin or within body tissue and which was formed due to an injury that has not healed completely. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scar&oldid=1057179533 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Citizen Role A Role that inheres in a Person by virtue of that Person being legally recognized as a member of a particular state, with associated rights and obligations. http://en.wikitionary.org/wiki/citizen https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Reflective Prism A Prism designed to reflect light in order to flip, invert, rotate, deviate, or displace a beam of light entering the Prism. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 mm Super High Frequency ITU Band Number 10 A Microwave Frequency that is between 3 and 30 GHz. SHF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Nickname A Designative Name that is a familiar or humorous substitute for an entity's Proper Name. Ike, Chief, P-Fox https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Bent Angular Kinked A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having one or more angles along its border. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology The Second is used as the basic SI unit of time. Second A Temporal Interval that is equal to the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom. https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/second.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Power Rectifying Artifact Function A Current Conversion Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electrical Power Production Artifact Function An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to generate electrical power. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Material Artifact A Material Entity that was designed by some Agent to realize a certain Function. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ramjet Engine Ramjet An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses the forward motion of the Engine to compress incoming air (without the use of an axial compressor) and decelerate it to subsonic speeds before adding the fuel and constantly combusting the mixture then expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramjet&oldid=1062836331 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org Disrupting Disposition A disposition the realization of which would disrupt a process some entity has an interest in. This is a defined class. A Disrupting Disposition is indexed by the interest_in object property. A disposition can be a Disrupting Disposition according to one index and not a Disrupting Disposition according to another index. Threat https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Telecommunication Network A Communication System that is designed to enable the transmission of information over significant distances between Telecommunication Endpoints via Telecommunication Network Nodes and Lines. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_network&oldid=1063347482 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Defunct Stasis A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact no longer maintains its designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least no longer maintains its primary functions). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Spray Nozzle A Nozzle that is designed to facilitate a conversion of the flow of a portion of liquid into a dynamic collection of drops dispersed in a portion of gas. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Drooping A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a border that hangs downwards. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Message An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that is relatively brief and to be transmitted from a sender to a recipient. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Message&oldid=1060098631 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cartridge A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to package a Bullet, a propellant substance, and a primer within a case that is designed to fit within the firing chamber of a Firearm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Electromagnetic Force A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the electromagnetic force between electrically charged entities. volt, ampere, coulomb https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Turbojet Air-Breathing Jet Engine An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses a Turbojet, which consists of a Turbine with a Propelling Nozzle. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turbojet&oldid=1060948529 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Operator Role A Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent's responsibilities to operate or control some Artifact. the role of driving a car the role of flying an airplane the role of operating a crane https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Passenger Train Car A Train Car that is designed to transport passengers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_car_(rail) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Biological Weapon A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, incapacity, or death by means of releasing disease-producing agents—such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biological_warfare&oldid=1062972883 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Optical Telescope A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light to form an enhanced image of the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Optical_telescope&oldid=1062201329 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Four of the subtypes of measurements used here (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal, and Ratio) were originally defined by S.S. Stevens in the article "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement" in Science, Vol. 103 No. 2684 on June 7, 1946. For an introductory article with links to additional content including criticisms and alternate classifications of measurements see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places an Entity into some rank order. The sentence "The coldest day in history in Chicago, IL. is January 20, 1985." is the carrier of an ordinal measurment. a measurement that places Geospatial Regions into a rank order of small, medium, large a measurement that places military units onto a readiness rank order of red, yellow, green https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Automobile A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a small number of passengers while traveling on four tired wheels. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Car&oldid=1064116950 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Further variants of GS1 DataBar have not been defined here. GS1 DataBar Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 12-14 numerical digits and is used in retail and healthcare. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Heating Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the thermal energy of a system increases. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Proper Name A Designative Name that is an official name for a particular entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Controlled-Access Highway Expressway Freeway Motorway A Highway that is designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Controlled-access_highway&oldid=1063655601 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Lithosphere A fiat object part of the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a natural satellite. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithosphere&oldid=1143215085 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Agent A Material Entity that bears an Agent Capability. Schlosser, Markus, "Agency", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/agency/ https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Equipment Cooling System A Cooling System that is designed to cool some piece of equipment. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Steering Control System A Vehicle Control System that is designed to control the direction some Vehicle is traveling. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Gaseous Fuel A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a gaseous state. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Denying An Act of Representative Communication performed by either asserting that something is not true or real or refusing to satisfy a request or desire. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/denial https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Four of the subtypes of measurements used here (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal, and Ratio) were originally defined by S.S. Stevens in the article "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement" in Science, Vol. 103 No. 2684 on June 7, 1946. For an introductory article with links to additional content including criticisms and alternate classifications of measurements see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places a Quality of an Entity onto an interval scale having a true zero value. The sentence "The temperature reached 240.372 degrees Kelvin on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of a ratio measurement as 0 degrees on the Kelvin scale does describe absolute zero. a measurement of the barometric pressure at 1,000 feet above sea level a measurement of the measure of air temperature on the Kelvin scale a measurement of the number of members in an Organization https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Calendar Week A Week that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Week. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=calendar+week https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Spark Ignition Engine An Internal Combustion Engine that is designed to operate by generating a spark to ignite a portion of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electric Generator An Electrical Power Source that is designed to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an external circuit. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_generator&oldid=1057805035 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Pointing Orientation Facing Orientation A Spatial Orientation of a Material Entity in which one or more of its designated components are oriented toward a specified direction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Trim Tab A Control Surface that is designed to counteract hydro-, aerodynamic, or other forces in order to stabilize the Vehicle it is part of in the desired Attitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trim_tab&oldid=1054550485 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Mechanical Wave Process A Wave Process that involves Oscillation of a portion of matter such that energy is transferred through the material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mechanical_wave&oldid=1057233679 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Unguided Rocket Rocket A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a self-propelled, but unguided, projectile that delivers some payload (explosive or other) over relatively long distances through the use of a Rocket Engine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(weapon) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Train Railroad Train Railway Train A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a series of connected Train Cars or Railcars. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Train&oldid=1064071492 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Volunteering An Act of Commissive Communication performed by voluntarily undertaking or expressing a willingness to undertake a service. entering into military service voluntarily rendering a service voluntarily http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/volunteer https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Assignment An Act of Declarative Communication in which rights held by one party (the assignor) are transferred to another party (the assignee) with regard to a particular entity as specified by the details of the assignment, which is often prescribed by a contract. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assignment_(law)&oldid=1056101591 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Biological Sex A Quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PATO#PATO_0000047 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Full Motion Video Camera A Video Camera that is designed to capture and record images of sufficiently high quality and in rapid enough succession that the resulting video supports smooth playback. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Pitch Axis Lateral Axis An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass and is perpendicular both to the direction of the object's motion and to the object's Yaw Axis. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Communication System A Material Artifact that is designed to enable some Act of Communication by means of transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and data terminal equipment, usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communications_system&oldid=1058600948 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Constructed Feature An Anthropogenic Feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Nickel Cadmium Electric Battery NiCad Battery A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a cadmium anode and nickel oxide hydroxide cathode. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel%E2%80%93cadmium_battery&oldid=1061809659 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Repayment An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent (the Debtor) to another Agent (the Creditor) to decrease the amount the Debtor owes to the Creditor from an earlier Act of Loaning. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loan&oldid=1063513958 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Nadir A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that extends from a given location downward along the local vertical direction pointing in the direction of the apparent Gravitational Force at that location. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadir&oldid=1057007248 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Sequence Position Ordinality An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the position of some entity in some ordered sequence. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Equipment Mount A Material Artifact that is designed to support an Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Aircraft A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by air travel. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aircraft&oldid=1063924562 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Nuclear Radiation Detection Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to detect the presence of nuclear radiation particles. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Artifact Model A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes a common set of Functions and Qualities to inhere in a set of artifact instances. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Notification Message A Message that is designed to bear an Information Content Entity that describes a scenario that has been determined to merit attention by the recipient. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Frequency Temporal Frequency A Process Profile that is characterized by the number of repetitive processes during a particular time period. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frequency&oldid=1062800545 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Increase of Dependent Continuant A Change in which some Independent Continuant has an increase in the level of some Dependent Continuant that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Electrical Power Source A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, and transfer power in the form of electrical energy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Primary Cell Electric Battery Primary Cell Battery A Electric Battery that is designed for one-time use and not to be recharged. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Primary_cell&oldid=1047226932 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Projectile Launcher A Weapon that is designed to inflict damage or harm by means of launching a high-velocity projectile at a target. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Projectile&oldid=1062048285 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Military Facility A Facility that is designed to support a Military Force. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military&oldid=1063431234 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Act of Collision An Act of Location Change involving the movement of one object such that it collides with another object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Helical Antenna A Wire Antenna that consists of a conducting wire wound in the form of a helix that is typically mounted over a ground plane with a feed line connected between the bottom of the helix and the ground plane. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helical_antenna&oldid=1062343033 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Branched A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having subdivisions or offshoots. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Visible light overlaps with near infrared and near ultraviolet. Visible Light Frequency An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 400 and 800 terahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light&oldid=1062630851 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Issuing Mass Media Press Release An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation an official statement issued to one or more members of the media for the purpose of announcing newsworthy information. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Hour A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Minutes. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=hour https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Shape Quality A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the ratios between dimensions of external features of that bearer. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Fuel System A Material Artifact that is designed to pump, manage, and deliver some Portion of Fuel to the Propulsion System and Auxiliary Power Unit of some Vehicle. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_fuel_system&oldid=1003132173 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Motorcycle Motorbike A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a very small number of passengers (usually 1 or 2) while traveling on two or three tired wheels. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motorcycle&oldid=1063743553 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The International Community. 5 Apr. 2023, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/international-community. 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org International Community A maximal Group of Geopolitical Organizations engaged in geopolitics with one another. International Community https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/international-community https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Straight Linear A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having curves, bends, or angles along its borders. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology For information on types of barcodes, see: https://www.scandit.com/types-barcodes-choosing-right-barcode/ Barcode An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear one or more geometric shapes that concretize some Directive Information Content Entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barcode&oldid=1059844765 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Two Dimensional Extent Area A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Loss of Disposition A Loss of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Disposition. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Laser A Material Artifact that is designed to emit light coherently through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laser&oldid=1059215159 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Gain of Quality A Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which an Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Quality. A person becoming pregnant. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Representational Information Content Entity An Information Content Entity that represents some Entity. the content of a court transcript represents a courtroom proceeding the content of a photograph of the Statue of Liberty represents the Statue of Liberty the content of a video of a sporting event represents that sporting event https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Fluid Control Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to control the direction or flow of some fluid. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Payload Capacity An Artifact Function that inheres in a Vehicle that is designed to transport Payload, and which is typically characterized by the maximum Weight, Mass, or Volume of Payload that the Vehicle can transport. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Payload&oldid=1035953573 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology FM Radio Broadcast Frequency Frequency Modulation Radio Broadcast Frequency A Very High Frequency that is between 88 and 108 MHz. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Region 2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Financial Value of Property Property Value Financial Value that inheres in an material entity that is the object of an Act of Ownership. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Educational Training Acquisition An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of a curriculum from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with some Educational Organization. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Training Instruction An Act of Training performed by an Agent by imparting knowledge to another Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Electric Power Station Power Plant A Facility that is designed to generate electrical power. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power_station&oldid=1052973815 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Heavy Machine Gun A Mounted Gun that is designed to fire ammunition greater than .50 caliber or 12.7mm ammunition in quick succession from an ammunition belt, and which typically weighs more than 30lbs. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heavy_machine_gun&oldid=1047303735 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Airport A Transportation Facility that is designed for launching, receiving, and housing Aircraft. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airport&oldid=1063243963 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Blond A Color that ranges from nearly white to a light greyish yellow https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Far Infrared Light Frequency An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 300 gigahertz and 20 terahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_spectrum&oldid=1063851392 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Geographic Feature An Environmental Feature that is a natural (i.e. not human made) topographical feature having a (relatively) stable location in some Geospatial Region which can be designated by location-specific data. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Patch Receiver A Radio Receiver that uses a Patch Antenna to intercept radio signals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Air-Breathing Combustion Engine A Reaction Engine that functions by drawing a continuous stream of air into and through the Engine where it is compressed, mixed with a Portion of Fuel, ignited, and then expelled as exhaust gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engine&oldid=1063879193 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Processed Material A Material Artifact that is the output of an Act of Artifact Processing. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Reflection Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a reflection event in which the Artifact causes a change in a wavefront at an interface between the reflecting medium and the transmission medium such that the wavefront returns into the transmission medium. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Road Junction A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to exit one Road and enter another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_(road) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Orientation Observation Artifact Function Attitude Observation Artifact Function An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the Orientation of a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Decade A Temporal Interval that is equal to a period of ten consecutive Years. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=decade https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Petrochemical Refinery A Refinery that is designed for refining crude oil, intermediate petroleum products, or synthetic petroleum into products of value. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrochemical&oldid=1060574535 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Measurement Unit of Pressure A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of Force applied perpendicular to a surface per unit area. pascal, atmosphere, pound-force per square inch https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Fort A Military Facility that is designed to support the defense of or solidification of rule over some Geospatial Region and its inhabitants. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortification&oldid=1060156408 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Electrical Power Storage Artifact Function Capacitance An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to store electrical power to be released at a later time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Coin A Portion of Cash that consists of a flat, portable, round pieces of metal designed to bear some specified Financial Value. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Espionage An Act of Intelligence Gathering involving the obtaining of information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Espionage&oldid=1062702647 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Cellular Telecommunication Network Cellular Network Mobile Telecommunication Network A Wireless Telecommunication Network where the last link between the network and the end user is wireless and is distributed over service areas called cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellular_network&oldid=1061429562 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Submachine Gun An Long Gun that is designed to be have automatic-fire functionality, fire pistol-caliber ammunition that is magazine-fed, and which is usually smaller than other automatic firearms. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Submachine_gun&oldid=1063939013 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Common Stock Stock that entitles its holder to voting on corporate decisions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Hospital A Healthcare Facility that is designed to provide patient treatment with specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospital&oldid=1063047817 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Bridge A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath to enable Persons or Ground Vehicles to pass over the obstacles. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bridge&oldid=1061858310 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure one or more features of a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Interval Estimate Information Content Entity Interval Estimate Interval Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of an interval of possible (or probable) values for the measured entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Commercial Facility A Facility that is designed for buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commerce&oldid=1063120985 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Artifact Model Name A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Artifact Model. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Long Gun A Firearm that is designed to have a longer barrel than a Hand Gun and to be fired while braced against the shoulder. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_gun&oldid=1063715506 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Secondary Cell Electric Battery Rechargeable Battery Secondary Cell Battery An Electric Battery that is designed to be recharged. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rechargeable_battery&oldid=1064096406 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Roll Axis Longitudinal Axis An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass from the front to the back of the object as defined by the direction of the object's motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Landfill A Waste Management Facility that is designed for disposing of waste by burial. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landfill&oldid=1058364420 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 1–0.1 m. Note that the ITU definition of UHF is broader than the definition given by IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands, which sets the frequency range at 300 MHz to 1 GHz. Ultra High Frequency ITU Band Number 9 A Microwave Frequency that is between 300 MHz and 3 GHz. UHF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Counter-Clockwise Rotational Motion Anti-Clockwise Rotation CCW Rotational Motion Counter-Clockwise Rotation A Rotational Motion in which the direction of rotation is toward the left as seen relative to the designated side of the plane of rotation. the axial rotation of the Earth as seen from above the North Pole https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Evening A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun sets (approximately 6:00pm) and when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Low Midrange Frequency A Sonic Frequency that is between 250 and 500 Hz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Proper Acceleration An Acceleration of an object relative to a free-fall, or inertial, observer who is momentarily at rest relative to the object being measured (hence, gravity does not cause Proper Acceleration). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proper_acceleration&oldid=1058169867 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Magenta A Color consisting of red and blue hues. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Instances of this class are not proper Delimiting Domains, but in some cases may have an organization that exercises some control over the region, such as the homeowners' association for a neighborhood. Division of Delimiting Domain A Geospatial Region that is a fiat division of a Delimiting Domain and not a Delimiting Domain. Flatbush, French Quarter, Western New York, Texas Panhandle, Greater Montreal Area of Quebec, Pacific Northwest, southwest area of Al Anbar Province, Northern Iraq. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Private Network Telephone Call A Telephone Call transmitted over a network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world, usually used inside companies and call centers (a.k.a. private branch exchange (PBX)). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_network&oldid=1046265527 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Reference Time Epoch Epoch Time Reference Date A Temporal Instant specified as the origin for which other Temporal Regions are measured or identified. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(reference_date) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Propelling Nozzle Jet Nozzle A Nozzle that is used to convert a propulsion Engine into a Jet Engine and functions by using its narrowest part, the throat, to increase Pressure within the Engine by constricting flow, usually until the flow chokes, then expanding the exhaust stream to, or near to, atmospheric pressure, while forming it into a high speed jet to propel the Vehicle. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propelling_nozzle&oldid=1061239812 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Surface Tension A Disposition that inheres in a liquid and is realized when the cohesive forces of the molecules in the bearer at the surface are greater than the adhesive forces of the molecules in the surrounding air. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surface_tension&oldid=1062753527 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Document Form A Document having Document Fields as parts in which to write or select prescribed content. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_(document) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Religious Training Instruction An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Religious Organization by imparting knowledge of the tenets and/or practices of a religion to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Scramjet Engine Scramjet Supersonic Combusting Ramjet An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses the forward motion of the Engine to compress incoming air at supersonic speeds before adding the fuel and constantly combusting the mixture then expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scramjet&oldid=1062429697 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radio Interference A Natural Process in which a radio signal is disrupted, whether unintentionally or as the result of an Act of Radio Jamming, Act of Radio Spoofing, or similar Planned Act. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Poison Artifact Function A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a living thing. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/poison https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Precision-Guided Missile Missile A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a self-propelled and precision-guided projectile that delivers some payload (explosive or other) over relatively long distances. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missile&oldid=1062028589 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Set of Eyes A Bodily Component that consists of two or more Eyes that are part of a single Agent. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology There are a variety of photometric measurements, such as luminous flux/power or luminous intensity, whose units are lumen and candela respectively, which attempt to describe properties associated with the perception of light. These are weighted measurements, typically by the luminosity function, as thus exist on the side of information content. It is a point of further development to add the needed intrinsic properties of radiation that such measurements are about. Luminescent Property An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light, but which isn't the result of the bearer being heated. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luminescence&oldid=1050169944 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Loss of Quality A Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Quality. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Residing An Act of Inhabitancy in which a Person lives in a dwelling permanently or for an extended period of time. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/reside https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Pressurization Control Artifact Function A Ventilation Control Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to control the partial pressure of air in some space. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Geospatial Polygon A Geospatial Line String that has at least three vertices where the connecting lines form a closed loop. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology EAN-8 Barcode An EAN Barcode that consists of 8 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Stasis of Mission Capability A Stasis of Realizable Entity that holds during a temporal interval when a Continuant's capability (or lack thereof) to perform its intended Functions, tasks, or Objectives remains at a relatively constant level. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Motion A Natural Process in which a Continuant changes its Location or Spatial Orientation over some Temporal Interval. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Vehicle Frame A Material Artifact that is designed to be the main supporting structure of some Vehicle. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_frame&oldid=1054003530 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Liquid Fuel A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a liquid state. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Ultrasonic Frequency A Sound Frequency that is greater than 20 kHz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Radiation Reflectivity An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to scatter or reflect electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Beverage Antenna A Wire Antenna that consists of a horizontal wire one-half to two wavelengths long that is suspended above the ground with one end attached to the receiver feedline and the other grounded and which is typically used in the low and medium frequency radio bands. Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage_antenna https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Spacecraft A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by Spaceflight. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spacecraft&oldid=1062102614 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Flywheel A Material Artifact that is designed to store rotational energy such that it has a significant moment of inertia which enables it to resist changes in rotational speed. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flywheel&oldid=1061360783 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The disposition will typically be a function of an artifact, which is often designed to be part of some Infrastructure system. But not always. In some cases an entity may be repurposed to be an element of some Infrastructure. In those cases it is a capability of that entity that supports the functioning of the system. Infrastructure Role A Role that inheres in the bearer of a Disposition and has been assigned to an Infrastructure System such that the realization of that Disposition is sometimes part of the functioning of the Infrastructure System. https://archive.org/details/economicsprincip00osul/page/n489/mode/2up https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Violet A Color that is lower than Blue with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 400 and 450 nanometers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Facsimile Transmission Act of Facsimile Transmission Act of Faxing An Act of Communication by Media in which the Information Content Entity that inheres in a Document is transmitted over a Telephone Network. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fax&oldid=1054674158 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Entertainment A Planned Act consisting of any activity which provides a diversion or permits people to amuse themselves. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Entertainment&oldid=1061851778 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Radio Receiver A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that is designed to extract information from radio waves intercepted by a Radio Antenna by using electronic filters to separate the desired radio frequency signal from other signals, an electronic amplifier to increase the power of the signal, and demodulation to recover the desired information. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_receiver&oldid=1060111342 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sidereal Time is the angle measured from an observer's meridian along the celestial equator to the Great Circle that passes through the March equinox and both poles. This angle is usually expressed in Hours, Minutes, and Seconds. Sidereal Time Reference System A Temporal Reference System that is based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to one or more fixed Stars (rather than the Sun). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Act of Violence A Planned Act of causing harm to oneself or to another through the use of physical or verbal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Violence&oldid=1063681926 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function A Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of electromagnetic radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications&oldid=1061143810 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Data Range Interval Estimate Information Content Entity A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the absolute difference between the largest value and the smallest value in the set. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Portion of Ammunition A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by being projected toward its target at a significant Velocity. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammunition&oldid=1062875850 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Portion of Paper An Information Medium Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity by means of pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags, or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paper&oldid=1057624743 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Government Domain A Delimiting Domain that delimits the authority of a Government to exercise its control within the bounded area. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Damaging Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology This is a defined class. Multi-Second Temporal Interval A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Seconds and spans at least one Second. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Full Motion Video Imaging Artifact Function An Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce video of entities that is of high enough quality to make the represented motion appear continuous to human viewers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Information Line An Information Bearing Artifact that consists of a single line or row of some larger Information Bearing Artifact of which it is a part. a line in a computer file that bears a portion of code for some computer program a line of data in a database a line of text in a book https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Hydraulic Power Source A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, or transmit power by means of pressurized liquid. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Data Transformation An Act of Information Processing in which an algorithm is executed to act upon one or more input Information Content Entities into one or more output Information Content Entities. It is not a requirement that the output Information Content Entity(ies) be qualitatively distinct from the input(s) as a result of an Act of Data Transformation, though doing so is typically the goal of performing this Act. Consider, for example, selecting a column in an Excel spreadsheet then executing the \"Remove Duplicates\" Algorithm on it. The intent is to remove rows in that column containing duplicate content. If no duplicate values are present, the information in the column remains unchanged but an Act of Data Transformation was nonetheless performed. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Bond A Financial Instrument that is designed to secure an Agent's debt for the holders of that debt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_(finance) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Solvent Artifact Function A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in the dissolving of other substances (namely, solutes) without change in the former's chemical structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solvent&oldid=1062572314 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Counterfeit Legal Instrument A Counterfeit Instrument that is designed to be a fake replica of some genuine Legal Instrument. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counterfeit&oldid=1063493600 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Examples: agreeing, betting, guaranteeing, inviting, offering, promising, swearing, volunteering Act of Commissive Communication An Act of Communication that commits a speaker to some future action. Derived (loosely) from: John Searle's Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Information Content Entity Measurement ICE A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes the extent, dimensions, quantity, or quality of an Entity relative to some standard. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology County A Government Domain that is part of either a First-Order or Second-Order Administrative Region. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County&oldid=1062817834 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Terrorist Training Camp A Training Camp designed to teach students methods of terrorism. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terrorist_training_camp&oldid=1037856600 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology This is a defined class. Multi-Minute Temporal Interval A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Minutes and spans at least one Minute. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Midrange Frequency A Sonic Frequency that is between 500 Hz and 2 kHz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Reaction Mass Working Mass A Material Entity against which a Propulsion System operates in order to produce Acceleration. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Working_mass&oldid=1057126114 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Communication Relay Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Hard X-ray Frequency An X-Ray Frequency that is between 3 and 30 exahertz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Wireless Network Telephone Call A Telephone Call transmitted over a network where the telephones are mobile and can move anywhere within the coverage area. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_network&oldid=1046265527 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Portion of Gelatinous Propellant A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a gelatinous state. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Rocket Launcher A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch one or more Unguided Rockets. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocket_launcher&oldid=1049900727 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electromagnetic Shielding Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an electromagnetic field is blocked by barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_shielding&oldid=1063432544 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Language A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes a canonical format for communication. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Estimate Information Content Entity Estimate Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity Estimated Value A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of an entity based on partial information about that entity or an appropriately similar entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Roll Orientation Roll A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Roll Axis. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Railway Crossing Level Crossing A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable Persons or Ground Vehicles to cross a Railway when traveling along a road or path that is perpendicular to and at the same elevation as the Railway at the point where they overlap. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Digital Storage Device An Information Medium Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity by means of recording that information in digital (binary) format. A computer's Hard Disk Drive A portable USB Drive https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_storage&oldid=1060116427 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Members of organizations are either Organizations themselves or individual Persons. Members can bear specific Organization Member Roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the Organization by the organization members. Organization A Group of Agents which can be the bearer of roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Triple Inertial Navigation System Triple INS An Inertial Navigation System that is designed to use three redundant computers to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without the need for external references, in such a way that eliminates the need for a navigator. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Phase Angle Orbital Phase Angle A Relational Quality that is the angle between the light incident onto an observed Object and the light reflected from the Object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_angle_(astronomy) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Social Network A Group of Agents that are connected in dyadic relations by similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Spinning Motion A Rotational Motion of an Object around an Axis of Rotation that passes through the Object's Center of Mass. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Rocket A Vehicle that is designed to travel through air or space and which obtains Thrust from a Rocket Engine. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocket&oldid=1063307477 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Color Hue An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect a dominant wavelength of the visible light spectrum, which is typically divided up into 6 to 8 ranges. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Navigation System A Material Artifact that is designed to enable an Agent or Artifact to determine the position or direction of some object, usually for the purpose of monitoring or controlling the movement of some Vehicle from one place to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navigation&oldid=1064122463 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Denture A Prosthesis that is designed to replace missing teeth. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dentures&oldid=1056527226 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Blue A Color that is between Cyan and Violet with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 450 to 490 nanometers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Telephone Call Act of Telephone Calling An Act of Communciation by Media transmitted over a telephone network to two or more Persons. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_network&oldid=1046265527 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Operational Stasis A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact maintains its designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least maintains its primary functions). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Radio Antenna A Bidirectional Transducer that is designed to convert electric power into radio waves, and radio waves into electric power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fatigability A Realizable Entity that is realized when its bearer loses strength and tires quickly. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the occurs_on property) that the Entity bears the Role. Gain of Role A Gain of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant becomes bearer of some Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Geospatial Error Region A One-Dimensional Geospatial Boundary that bounds some Geospatial Region according to probability estimations for locating some object within it. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Many Acts of Manufacturing and Construction involve one or more Acts of Artifact Assembly, but Acts of Artifact Assembly can also occur in isolation from these activities. Act of Artifact Assembly An Act of Artifact Processing wherein a new Artifact is created by fitting component parts together. putting together a piece of furniture purchased from Ikea https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Anthropogenic Feature An Environmental Feature that is related to or is the result of the influence of human beings on the environment. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anthropogenic https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology In American-English, the term 'Railcar' is often used in a broader sense that is interchangeable with 'Railroad Car'. Railcar A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a single self-propelled Vehicle that is not a Train, is designed to transport passengers, and which may also be designed to connect to other Railcars to form a Train. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railcar&oldid=1063519348 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Protruding A Shape Quality inhering in a part of an object in virtue of the part extending out above or beyond the surface of the object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Structural Support Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact providing physical support to another object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Trail A Land Transportation Artifact that is designed to enable transport through rough country, such as a forest or moor. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trail&oldid=1056047142 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Size Quality A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in one or more dimensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology 2022-12-30T21:32:27-05:00 https://cubrc.org Delimiting Domain A Geospatial Region that delimits the authority of an Organization to exercise its control within the bounded area. Delimiting Domain https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Night A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm) and when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Priority Scale A Reference System that is designed to be used to rank or identify the importance of entities of the specified type. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology This is a defined class. Multi-Year Temporal Interval A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Years and spans at least one Year. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/TimeOntology Optical Lens Lens An Optical Instrument that is designed to focus or disperse a beam of light entering the lens by means of refraction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 m High Frequency ITU Band Number 7 A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 MHz. HF International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology UPC-E Barcode A UPC Barcode that consists of 6 numerical digits. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Retail Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of selling goods or merchandise in small or individual lots for direct consumption by persons or organizations. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retail&oldid=1061431295 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Lifting Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to lift some object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Female Sex A Biological Sex inhering in an individual that only produces gametes that can be fertilized by male gametes. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PATO#PATO_0000383 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Stasis of Artifact Operationality A Stasis of Realizable Entity that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact's designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least its primary functions) or the realizations of those functions remain unchanged. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant An Increase of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Specifically Dependent Continuant that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Funeral Act of Funeral Ceremony An Act of Ceremony in which the Life of a Person who has died is celebrated, sanctified, or remembered. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funeral&oldid=1060270978 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Periscope An Optical Instrument that is designed to enable observation of an object that is located over, around, or through another object, obstacle, or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from the observer's current position. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periscope&oldid=1030400442 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Medium Machine Gun A Mounted Gun that is designed to fire full-power rifle Cartridges (less than .50 caliber or 12.7mm) in quick succession from an ammunition belt, and which typically weighs 22-30 lbs. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medium_machine_gun&oldid=1063571269 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Signal Processing Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in the process of transferring or processing information contained in signals. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Signal_processing&oldid=1062720685 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Delta-v is not equivalent to and should not be confused with Acceleration, which is the rate of change of Velocity. Delta-v Change in Velocity DeltaV A Process Profile that is the total change in Velocity of an object's Motion. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Opaque An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's incapacity to transmit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs all electromagnetic radiation of that frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Physically Powered Engine Physical Engine An Engine that is designed to convert potential or kinetic energy into mechanical energy. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Solar Panel System Photovoltaic System Solar Array An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of one or more Solar Panels, a power inverter, electrical wiring between the components, a mounting and support structure, and may also include a battery and/or a solar tracking system and is the bearer of functions realized in processes of deriving, transferring, and storing electrical energy derived from light energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photovoltaic_system&oldid=1063366598 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Dish Receiver A Radio Receiver that uses a Parabolic (or Dish) Antenna to intercept radio signals. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Process Requirement Duty Obligation A Process Regulation that requires some Process. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Yellow A Color that is between Orange and Green with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 560 to 590 nanometers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Employment An Act of Association wherein an Organization assigns a set of activities to some Person to be performed in exchange for financial compensation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Longitudinal Wave Profile Compression Wave Longitudinal Wave A Wave Process Profile in which the displacement of participating particles is parallel to the direction of the Wave Process' propogation such that the particles alternate between participating in processes of compression and rarefaction as they participate in individual Wave Processes. http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Journal Article An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear a specific brief composition on a specific topic as part of a Journal Issue. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academic_journal&oldid=1059723283 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Alkaline Electric Battery A Primary Cell Electric Battery that has a Zinc anode and Manganese (IV) oxide cathode. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkaline_battery&oldid=1055652562 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Rhombic Antenna A Wire Antenna that consists of one to three parallel wires suspended above the ground by poles or towers at each vertex in a rhombic shape with each of the four sides being the same length (typically at least one wavelength or longer). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhombic_antenna&oldid=1057114456 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Brilliance Frequency A Sonic Frequency that is between 6 and 20 kHz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology In all cases, to possess something, an agent must have an intention to possess it. Act of Possession A Planned Act in which an agent intentionally exercises control towards a thing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession_(law) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Crushing Artifact Function A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired because of significant pressure. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/crushing https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Neutralization Artifact Function A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Military Time Zone Identifier A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Zulu time, which has no offset from Coordinated Universal Time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Act of Suicide Suicide An Act of Violence in which some Agent intentionally and voluntarily causes their own death. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/suicide https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Birth A Natural Process of bringing forth offspring. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birth&oldid=1063718655 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Initialism An Abbreviated Name that consists of the initial letters of some words (or syllables) in a Designative Name, and in which each letter is pronounced separately. USA, CPU, BBC https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Group of Organizations A Group of Agents that has only Organizations as parts. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Radio Communication Artifact Function An Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of radio waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications&oldid=1061143810 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Sensor Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes wherein its bearer is used to produce an output signal which reliably corresponds to changes in the artifact's environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sensor&oldid=1059883466 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Actuator A Transducer that is designed to convert some control signal into mechanical motion. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Actuator&oldid=1064000375 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Document Field An Information Bearing Entity that is a part of some document into which bearers of prescribed information can be written or selected. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Issuing Mass Media Article An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation a non-fictional essay, especially one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or journal. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology PDF417 Code A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used in applications that require the storage of huge amounts of data. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Under Active Control An Active Stasis during which an Artifact participates in an Act of Artifact Employment. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Telecommunication Endpoint A Telecommunication Network Node that connects a Telecommunication Terminal to a Telecommunication Network. A Telecommunication Terminal is an end user device such as a Telephone, fax machine, or Computer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communication_endpoint&oldid=1020569501 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Artificial Eye A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing eye. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial_eye&oldid=1046672400 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cabin Pressurization Control System An Environment Control System that is designed to control the process in which conditioned air is pumped into the Cabin of some Aircraft or Spacecraft in order to create a safe and comfortable environment for passengers and crew flying at high altitudes. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabin_pressurization&oldid=1062243955 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Interior Lighting System A Lighting System that is designed to emit light within the interior of some area. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Intelligence Gathering A Planned Act of producing and/or gathering information by a government or other Organization to guide decisions and actions by answering questions or obtaining advance warning of events and movements deemed to be important or otherwise relevant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Propulsion Artifact Function A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the bearer of the function creates force leading to an entity's movement. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propulsion&oldid=1022034059 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fuel Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which a Portion of Fuel is reacted with other substances in order to release chemical or nuclear energy to be used for heat or for work. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuel&oldid=1063590518 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Revolver A Hand Gun having a number of firing chambers in a revolving cylinder, where each chamber in the cylinder can be loaded with a single Cartridge. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revolver&oldid=1060461644 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Insecticide Artifact Function A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process that causes harm to, or the death of, an insect. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insecticide&oldid=1063322558 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance ('Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity'). Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity Accuracy of Process Reliability Measurement A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity can consistently produce an outcome. Reliability concerns both a measure of past performance and the expectation that future performance will conform to the range of past performances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_(statistics) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Nuclear Storage Depot A Storage Facility that is designed to store nuclear material. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Port A Transportation Facility that is designed to contain harbors for docking Watercraft and for transfering people or cargo to and from land. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port&oldid=1064091505 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Portion of Atmosphere A fiat object part of the layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a natural satellite. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atmosphere&oldid=1135486662 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Code 39 Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 39 characters that are numbers 0-9, capital letters A-Z, or the symbols -.$/+% and space and is used primarily in automotive and defense industries. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Identifying An Act of Representative Communication performed by asserting who or what a particular person or thing is. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/identify https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Person Human An Animal that is a member of the species Homo sapiens. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human&oldid=1063145185 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Issuing Mass Media Documentary An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation information that provides a factual record or report. JC3IEDM-MIRD-DMWG-Edition_3.0.2_20090514 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Code 128 Barcode A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of up to 128 ASCII characters and is used primarily in supply chains. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Public Address System PA System A Communication System that is designed to allow a Person to speak to a large audience. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_address_system&oldid=1059177344 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Vocational Training Instruction An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with a Vocational School, Technical School, Trade Organization, or Industry Educational Program Provider by imparting skills required for a specific occupation in industry, agriculture or trade to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=vocational%20training https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Propaganda An Act of Deceptive Communication Propaganda intended to influence the attitude of a mass audience toward some cause or position by presenting facts selectively (thus possibly lying by omission) or by using loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propaganda&oldid=1062472484 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology ISBN Barcode An EAN Barcode that is used to designate books. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Warning An Act of Directive Communication performed by indicating a possible or impending danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/warning https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Howitzer A Cannon that is designed to have a relatively short barrel and to use relatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles in relatively high trajectories with a steep angle of descent. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Howitzer&oldid=1059576383 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wired Communication Relay Artifact Function A Communication Relay Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information by means of wires from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Act of Murder An Act of Homicide with malice aforethought. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Sensor Modality Function A Sensor Artifact Function that inheres in some Sensor in virtue of the type of energy the Sensor is capable of converting into an output signal. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Infrasonic Frequency A Sound Frequency that is below 20 Hz. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Nominal Speed Artifact Function A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains a speed that does not exceed some specified tolerance of that Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Carrier Air Wing A Military Force that is trained and equipped to conduct air operations while embarked on an aircraft carrier. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Red A Color that is above Orange with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 635 to 700 nanometers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Stock A Financial Instrument that entitles holders to an ownership interest (equity) in the specified Incorporated Organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stock&oldid=1064040249 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Vibration Motion Mechanical Oscillation Oscillation Motion Vibration A Motion wherein some participant repetitively deviates from a central location to two surrounding locations. https://physicsabout.com/motion/ https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Flat A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a horizontal border without a significant deviation. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Emulsifier Artifact Function A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which two or more liquids that are normally immiscible are mixed. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emulsion&oldid=1056901580 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Hydraulic Valve A Valve that is designed to regulate, direct, or control the flow of a liquid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power_transfer_unit&oldid=1002682083 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Refinery A Factory that is designed for refining raw materials into products of value. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refinery&oldid=1027092124 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Crew A Group of Persons that bear Roles realized by the operation of the specified Vehicle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Revolving Motion A Rotational Motion of an Object around an Axis of Rotation that is located externally to the Site occupied by the Object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Waveform A Wave Process Profile that is the shape of the Wave Cycles of the Wave Process when depicted in a visual graph. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Maintenance Facility A Facility that is designed to be used to perform actions to maintain or improve the state of some property or equipment. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/maintain https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Round Shot A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a solid projectile without explosive charge and to be fired from a cannon. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Round_shot&oldid=1062790260 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Damaged Stasis Compromised Damaged Injured A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has suffered impairment (i.e., a decrease or loss) due to a previous action or event such that the Independent Continuant is now of lesser value, usefulness, or functionality. This class can be used to instantiate instances that might otherwise be treated by defined classes such as Damaged Vehicle or Wounded Person. The Independent Continuant and Quality or Realizable Entity are participants of the stasis which can in turn be related to the temporal interval via the occurs on property. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/damaged https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Unit of Length A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of one-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions. foot, meter, kilometer, mile https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Radiation Absorptivity An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to absorb electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Bus A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a large number of people and to travel on six or more tired wheels. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bus&oldid=1055341487 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Perimeter A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the extent of a boundary which encloses the bearer. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Three Dimensional Extent Volume A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Financial Facility A Facility that is designed to support the management of money. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finance&oldid=1062402926 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Pitch Orientation Pitch A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Pitch Axis. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Military Headquarters Facility A Military Facility that is designed for military administration and coordination. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Headquarters&oldid=1046429636 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Document An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity in a series of paragraphs of text or diagrams in the form of physical pieces of paper or an electronic word processor file. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Document&oldid=1057829688 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Wetting Agent Artifact Function A Surfactant Artifact Function that is realized in a process that reduces the water repellent tendency of a substance thereby allowing it to become wet. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wetting&oldid=1062806793 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Patch Antenna Microstrip Patch Antenna Rectangular Microstrip Antenna A Radio Antenna that consists of a flat rectangular sheet (or patch) of metal mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane which is typically contained inside a plastic radome for protection and is small enough that it can be mounted on a flat surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patch_antenna&oldid=1016658507 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Service Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process of providing intangible goods to consumers. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goods_and_services&oldid=1063137197 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Civil Organization An Organization that is not commercial or military and is the bearer of a Civilian Role. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Position Observation Artifact Function An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the position of a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Dimension Specification An Quality Specification that prescribes some Size Quality. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Loss of Function A Loss of Disposition in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Function. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Observation Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Mass Flow Rate A Measurement Unit of Flow that is used as a standard for measurement of the rate at which the Mass of a substance passes per unit time. kilogram per second, slug per second, pound per second https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Sewage Treatment Facility A Waste Management Facility that is designed for removing contaminants from wastewater, especially sewage. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sewage_treatment&oldid=1062966352 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Lot Number A Code Identifier that designates a particular quantity or lot of material from a single manufacturer. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lot_number&oldid=1061846325 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Covering Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an entity is covered. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/covering https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Aircraft Manufacturing Facility A Factory that is designed to manufacture Aircraft. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerospace_manufacturer&oldid=1059223410 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Paramilitary Force An Armed Force whose organizational structure, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional Military, and which is not included as part of a Government's formal Armed Forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paramilitary&oldid=1063281359 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Article of Clothing A Material Artifact that is designed to cover some portion of a body. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clothing&oldid=1063505718 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Legal System Act A Planned Act performed by an Agent that realizes their role within the context of a legal system of some jurisdiction. http://www.id.uscourts.gov/glossary.htm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Waste Management Facility A Facility that is designed for managing waste for some portion of the waste's existence. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waste_management&oldid=1062844209 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Gimbal An Equipment Mount that consists of a pivoted support that allows an Artifact to Rotate about one or more Axes. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gimbal&oldid=1053306885 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Measurement Unit of Volume A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of sites or three-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions. cubic feet, cubic meter, quart, liter https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Yaw Orientation Yaw A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Yaw Axis. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Tank firepower is normally provided by a large-caliber main gun mounted in a rotating turret, which is supported by secondary machine guns. A tank's heavy armour and all-terrain mobility provide protection for both the tank and its crew, allowing it to perform all primary tasks of the armoured troops on the battlefield. Tank An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to carry heavy firepower, have a powerful Engine, and travel on one or more continuous tracks such that it is suitable for front-line combat and can provide operational maneuverability as well as tactical offensive and defensive capabilities. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tank&oldid=1060527612 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Radio Transceiver A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device composed of both a Radio Transmitter and a Radio Receiver that share common circuitry or a single housing. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transceiver&oldid=1058453736 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Lead Acid Electric Battery A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a lead anode and lead oxide cathode. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery&oldid=1061641405 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology For the most part Generically Dependent Continuants do not inhere in their bearers over some continuous scale. The primary exception is religion and this class allows annotation of those cases where an Agent is described as becoming less religious. Other cases would include the decrease of an organization's bearing of some objective. Decrease of Generically Dependent Continuant A Decrease of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in the level of a Generically Dependent Continuant that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Bearing Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which the Artifact constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Process Regulation A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes an Process as required, prohibited, or permitted, and is the output of an Process which realizes some Authority Role. Although regulations often regulate processes which involve agents--as the regulating or regulated participant--it is unclear how causally active an agents need to be in those regulated processes. For example, it is not clear how causally active a human agent is in the process of a traffic light regulating the motion of a self-driving vehicle. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Act of Renting An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Renter) as a payment to acquire temporary possession or use of a good or property that is owned or controlled by another Agent (the Seller). https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Land Transportation Artifact A Transportation Artifact that is fixed in place and designed to bear a Function, the realization of which is sometimes part of a process moving Vehicles and Agents from one location to another via land. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Social Act A Planned Act having an objective that affects, is performed by, or is performed on behalf of, a community or group of Persons. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commually https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Temporal Reference System Temporal Reference Frame Time Scale A Reference System that describes a set of standards for measuring time as well as understanding the context of and organizing temporal data. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Education Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of transmiting accumulated knowledge skills and values from one generation to another. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education&oldid=1064011752 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Telemetry Process A Mechanical Process that is highly automated and in which measurements are made or other data is collected and transmitted to receiving equipment to facilitate the monitoring of environmental conditions or equipment parameters at a remote or inaccessible location. using a GPS tag to track a shark's migratory pattern using a portable cardiac monitor to remotely collect data on a patient's heart activity (biotelemetry) https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telemetry&oldid=1061697851 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Legal Name A Proper Name that is an official name for the designated entity as determined by a Government or court of law. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Extreme Ultraviolet Light Frequency An Ultraviolet Light Frequency that is between 3 and 30 petahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ultraviolet&oldid=1062593453 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Rosy A Color consisting of red hue and yellow hue and high brightness. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Act of Purchasing An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Purchaser) to acquire a good or service from another Agent (the Provider). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purchasing&oldid=1050163120 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology https://cubrc.org Government An Organization that is the highest legitimate authority delimited by some Delimiting Domain and that exercises executive, legislative, or judicial authority in that Domain. Highest legitimate authority should not be confused with highest legitimate authority of a particular kind. For example, while the judicial branch of the United States government has the highest judicial authority in a Delimiting Domain, it is not the highest legitimate authority delimited by that domain. The combination of executive, judicial, and legislative branches is higher because it wields more legitimate authority than any branch on its own. Importantly, the definition states "highest legitimate authority delimited by some Delimiting Domain" and not "highest legitimate authority in some Delimiting Domain." The government of Wales is the highest legitimate authority delimited by some Delimiting Domain but it is not the highest legitimate authority in that domain, which would be the government of the United Kingdom. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government&oldid=1063736308 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology The relation between the owner and property may be private, collective, or common and the property may be objects, land, real estate, or intellectual property. Act of Ownership An Act of Possession that includes an agent having certain rights and duties over the property owned. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ownership&oldid=1058224617 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Infrared Light Frequency An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 300 gigahertz and 430 tetrahertz. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infrared&oldid=1064111319 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Timbre A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the variation, spectrum, or envelope of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from dull or dark to bright. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Act of Walking An Act of Travel that proceeds by foot. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Calendar Date Identifier A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a combination of Day, Week, Month, or Year Identifiers formatted according to an implementation of a Calendar System. January 1, 2018; 1 January 2018; 01/01/18; 01Jan18 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Portion of Geosphere A fiat object part that is composed of one or more portions of the atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, or lithosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geosphere&oldid=1137306949 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Infantry Fighting Vehicle An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to carry infantry into battle and to provide fire support for them. Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFVs) are differentiated from Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) because they are designed to give direct fire support to the dismounted infantry and so usually have significantly enhanced armament. IFVs also often have improved armour and firing ports (allowing the infantry to fire personal weapons while mounted). IFV https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infantry_fighting_vehicle&oldid=1062470745 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Circuit Breaker A Material Artifact that is designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circuit_breaker&oldid=1060854893 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Biological Depot A Storage Facility that is designed to store biological agents. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Measurement Unit of Impulse A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of the integral of a Force applied to a portion of matter over a temporal interval. N s, dyne second https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Legal Instrument A Material Artifact that is designed as a formally executed written document that can be formally attributed to its author, records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, or contractual duty, obligation, or right, and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legal_instrument&oldid=1054387344 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Behavior An Act in which an Independent Continuant participates as an Agent in response to external or internal stimuli and following some pattern which is dependent upon some combination of that Independent Continuant's internal state and external conditions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology For an object in motion, its Three-Dimensional Position is part of its Three-Dimensional Path. Three-Dimensional Position A Three-Dimensional Spatial Region that encompasses the (minimal) spatial region in which some object is located at a particular time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/GeospatialOntology Grey A Color between white and black colors. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Thermal Control Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact increasing, decreasing, or maintaining the temperature of itself, a part of itself, or another object. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Cartesian Coordinate System Rectangular Coordinate System A Spatial Reference System that identifies each point in a spatial region of n-dimensions using an ordered n-tuple of numerical coordinates that are the signed (i.e. positive or negative) distances measured in the same unit of length from the zero point where the fixed perpendicular Coordinate System Axes meet. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cartesian_coordinate_system&oldid=1058613323 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London and has been superseded by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Greenwich Mean Time Zone Identifier A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Greenwich Mean Time. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Speed Artifact Function A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which its bearer has some speed. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Vermilion A Color consisting of red and orange hue with a slight amount of gray. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Freight Train Car Freight Car A Train Car that is designed to transport cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goods_wagon&oldid=1062686785 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Increase of Disposition An Increase of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Disposition that it bears. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Measurement Unit of Time A Measurement Unit that is used as a standard for measurement of temporal regions. second, minute, hour, day https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology School An Education Facility that is designed to provide learning space and environments for teaching of students under the direction of teachers. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=School&oldid=1063515394 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology An Act of Manufacturing typically involves the mass production of goods. Act of Manufacturing An Act of Artifact Processing wherein Artifacts are created in a Facility for the purpose of being sold to consumers. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Three Dimensional Shape A Shape Quality that inheres only in a three dimensional entity. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Healing Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which health is restored to an unbalanced, diseased, or damaged organism. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Healing&oldid=1053920678 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Gas Processing Facility A Refinery that is designed for refining natural gas into products of value. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural-gas_processing&oldid=1056700541 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Male Sex A Biological Sex inhering in an individual whose sex organs contain only male gametes. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PATO#PATO_0000384 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Four of the subtypes of measurements used here (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal, and Ratio) were originally defined by S.S. Stevens in the article "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement" in Science, Vol. 103 No. 2684 on June 7, 1946. For an introductory article with links to additional content including criticisms and alternate classifications of measurements see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement Interval Measurement Information Content Entity A Measurement Information Content Entity that places a Quality of an Entity onto some interval scale having no true zero value. The sentence "The temperature reached -27 degrees Fahrenheit on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of an interval measurement as 0 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale does not describe absolute zero. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Maximum Speed Artifact Function A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains the highest speed at which that Artifact is designed to operate. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Powering Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to supply power to some Artifact. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Subclasses of one dimensional extent are included for usability. It is doubtful any of them can be objectively distinguished (on the side of the bearing entity) without some reference to external properties such as orientation and perspective. One Dimensional Extent A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001708 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Motion Observation Artifact Function An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the Motion of a specified object or class of objects. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Rectangular A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of having four sides and four 90 degree angles. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Machine Bearing A Material Artifact that is designed to constrain relative motion to only desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electromagnetic Induction Artifact Function An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact that is used to produce electromotive force across an electrical conductor due to its dynamic interaction with a magnetic field. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_induction&oldid=1061836930 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fertilizer Artifact Function An Enhancing Artifact Function that is realized in processes of supplying soilds or plant tissues with one or more plant nutrients essential to growth. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fertilizer&oldid=1062923261 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Bow A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Arrows. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bow_and_arrow&oldid=1062193194 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Examples: Baptism, Sentencing a person to imprisonment, Pronouncing a couple husband and wife, Declaring war Act of Declarative Communication An Act of Communication that changes the reality in accord with the proposition of the declaration. Derived (loosely) from: John Searle's Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Washing Facility A Facility that is designed to wash personnel or equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washing&oldid=1035998791 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Torque Moment of Force A Force that is applied to an object in a direction that would tend to cause the object to rotate around an Axis of Rotation and is the rate of change of an object's Angular Momentum. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torque&oldid=1063339484 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/EventOntology Gold Color A Color that resembles a yellow-orange Hue with the added feature of having a metallic shine. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Hospitality Artifact Function A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of accommodation food and beverage meeting and events gaming entertainment and recreation tourism services and visitor information. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospitality&oldid=1049599161 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Agent Capability A Realizable Entity that inheres in a Material Entity in virtue of that Material Entity's capacity to realize it in some Planned Act. Schlosser, Markus, "Agency", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/agency/ https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/AgentOntology Farm An Agricultural Facility that is designed to produce food and other crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farm&oldid=1058311769 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Medical Artifact A Material Artifact that is designed for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease, disability, or death. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Electronic Cash A Portion of Cash that consists of Bytes. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology Fire Station Fire Hall Fire House A Public Safety Facility that is designed for the storage of firefighting apparatus. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_station&oldid=1060666629 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/FacilityOntology Note that it is important to specify the frequency of electromagnetic radiation when representing a bearer's Opacity since a bearer may be Opaque with respect to electromagnetic radiation of one frequency, but be transparent with respect to electromagnetic radiation of another frequency. Unless otherwise stated, statements about a bearer's Opacity are assumed to be about electromagnetic radiation with a frequency in the visible spectrum. Opacity An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer instead of reflecting, scattering, or absorbing electromangentic radiation of that frequency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opacity_(optics) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/QualityOntology Although its basic function remains the same, a Filter can be used in 2 different ways: (1) to allow only the desired entities to pass through (e.g. removing dirt from engine oil); or (2) to allow everything except the desired entities to pass through (e.g. panning for gold). Filter Function An Artifact Function that is realized in a process where entities of a specific type or which have specified properties enter it or pass through it. https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/ArtifactOntology 2019-03-05T17:25:21Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1310 Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:51:32Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Australasia Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:52:41Z Southern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1309 Tirari-Sturt Stony Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:54:35Z Eastern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1308 Simpson Desert Region 2019-03-05T17:56:13Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1307 Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:10:52Z Western coast of Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1301 Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:12:28Z Central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1302 Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:15:11Z Western central Australia WWF:AA1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1303 Gibson Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:17:15Z Northwestern Australia WWF:AA1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1304 The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:24:06Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1305 Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:26:16Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1306 Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:01:41Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Afrotropical Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:02:37Z Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa WWF:AT1322 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1322 Succulent Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:07:38Z WWF:AT1321 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1321 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:11:38Z WWF:AT1320 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1320 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:13:00Z WWF:AT1319 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1319 Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:15:07Z Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion WWF:AT1318 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1318 Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:18:55Z WWF:AT1317 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1317 Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:20:56Z WWF:AT1316 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1316 Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:24:28Z Africa: Namibia Ecoregion WWF:AT1315 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1315 Namib Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:26:15Z WWF:AT1314 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1314 Nama Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:28:43Z WWF:AT1313 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1313 Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:30:23Z WWF:AT1312 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1312 Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:31:29Z WWF:AT1311 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1311 Madagascar spiny desert ecoregion Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:39:32Z WWF:AT1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1310 Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:42:47Z WWF:AT1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309 Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:44:54Z WWF:AT1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1308 Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:46:58Z Eastern Africa: Somalia WWF:AT1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1307 Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:54:57Z WWF:AT1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1306 Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:08:06Z WWF:AT1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1305 Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:11:29Z WWF:AT1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1304 Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:13:33Z WWF:AT1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1303 North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:16:12Z WWF:AT1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1302 Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:18:09Z WWF:AT1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1301 Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:38:50Z Indo-Malay Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:40:13Z WWF:IM1304 Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan Thar Desert 2019-04-27T00:12:51Z WWF:IM1303 Southern Asia: Eastern India and western Pakistan Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:47:18Z envoAtmo envoPolar Arctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:48:44Z envoAtmo envoPolar Antarctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. Stellar radiation emitted from Sol. 2020-05-19T22:27:44Z Solar radiation exploratory term exemplar term example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed failed exploratory term The term was initially used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology, but in retrospect failed to do a good job. The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Terms created as placeholders with the expectation of being permanent should instead be deprecated using the "placeholder removed" (obo:IAO_0000226) justification. Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release The term was created to ease viewing/sorting terms for development purposes, but will not be included in a release. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting placeholder removed The term was created to temporarily stand in for a semantic purpose, but is no longer needed, typically due to another permanent term being defined. This reason is appropriate for a temporary term even if no permanent term is defined; for example if the need for the term no longer exists. If a permanent (replacement) term is defined, the deprecated term should reference the replacement with IAO:0100001. If no replacement is defined, it may be appropriate to reference alternative terms with oboInOwl:consider. placeholder removed terms merged The term has been combined with one or more other terms to create a more encompassing (merged) term. An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. The deprecated term should reference the merged term with obo:IAO_0100001. The replacement term should reference the original terms as sources using obo:RO_0001000 (derives_from). An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged term imported The term has been replaced by a term imported from another ontology. This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. The deprecated term should reference the imported term with obo:IAO_0100001. term imported term split The term has been split into two or more new terms. This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split. The deprecated term should reference the replacement terms with obo:IAO_0100001. term split universal Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal defined class A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class named class expression A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion An confidence interval with 95 percent probability that the true population value can be found. Jie Zheng 95% confidence interval Transformation-ML Transformation-ML file describing parameter transformations used in a GvHD experiment. Transformation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Transformation-ML standard.(http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf Transformation-ML ACS d06.acs, ACS1.0 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment. ACS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Analytical Cytometry Standard. (http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/ ACS XML RDF/XML file, OWL file, Compensation-ML file, WSDL document, SVG document XML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Extensible Markup Language Recommendation.(http://www.w3.org/XML/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/XML/ XML RDF A FOAF file, a SKOS file, an OWL file. RDF is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Resource Description Framework RDF/XML Syntax specification.(http://www.w3.org/RDF/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/RDF/ RDF zip MagicDraw MDZIP archive, Java JAR file. zip is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the PKWARE .ZIP file format specification (http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/ zip tar Example.tar file. tar is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the tape archive file format as standardized by POSIX.1-1998, POSIX.1-2001, or any other tar format compliant with the GNU tar specification. (http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/ tar FCS d01.fcs, FCS3 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment. FCS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Flow Cytometry Data File Standard.(http://www.fcspress.com/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.fcspress.com/ FCS Compensation-ML compfoo.xml, Compensation-ML file describing compensation used in a GvHD experiment Compensation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Compensation-ML standard. (http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf Compensation-ML Gating-ML foogate.xml, Gating-ML file describing gates used in a GvHD experiment. Gating-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Gating-ML standard. (http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/ Gating-ML OWL OBI ontology file, Basic Formal Ontology file, BIRNLex file, BioPAX file. OWL is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Web Ontology Language specification.(http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/ OWL Affymetrix Affymetrix supplied microarray An organization which supplies technology, tools and protocols for use in high throughput applications An organization which supplies technology, tools and protocols for use in high throughput applications Affymetrix Thermo Philippe Rocca-Serra Thermo Waters Philippe Rocca-Serra Waters BIO-RAD Philippe Rocca-Serra BIO-RAD GenePattern hierarchical clustering James Malone GenePattern hierarchical clustering Ambion Philippe Rocca-Serra Ambion Helicos Philippe Rocca-Serra Helicos Roche Philippe Rocca-Serra Roche Illumina Philippe Rocca-Serra Illumina GenePattern PCA GenePattern PCA GenePattern module SVM GenePattern module SVM is a GenePattern software module which is used to run a support vector machine data transformation. James Malone Ryan Brinkman GenePattern module SVM GenePattern k-nearest neighbors James Malone GenePattern k-nearest neighbors GenePattern LOOCV GenePattern LOOCV GenePattern k-means clustering James Malone GenePattern k-means clustering Agilent Philippe Rocca-Serra Agilent GenePattern module KMeansClustering GenePattern module KMeansClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a k Means clustering data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module KMeansClustering GenePattern CART James Malone GenePattern CART GenePattern module CARTXValidation GenePattern module CARTXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a CART decision tree induction with a leave one out cross validation data transformations. GenePattern module CARTXValidation Li-Cor Philippe Rocca-Serra Li-Cor Bruker Corporation Philippe Rocca-Serra Bruker Corporation GenePattern module KNNXValidation GenePattern module KNNXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a k-nearest neighbours clustering with a leave one out cross validation data transformations. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module KNNXValidation GenePattern module PeakMatch GenePattern module PeakMatch GenePattern module KNN GenePattern module KNN is a GenePattern software module which perform a k-nearest neighbors data transformation. James Malone GenePattern module KNN GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a hierarchical clustering data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering GenePattern SVM James Malone GenePattern SVM Applied Biosystems Philippe Rocca-Serra Applied Biosystems GenePattern module PCA GenePattern module PCA is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module PCA GenePattern peak matching James Malone Ryan Brinkman GenePattern peak matching Bruker Daltonics Philippe Rocca-Serra Bruker Daltonics GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization The GenePattern process of generating Heat Maps from clustered data. The GenePattern process of generating Heat Maps from clustered data. James Malone GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization The GenePattern process of generating hierarchical clustering visualization from clustered data. The GenePattern process of generating hierarchical clustering visualization from clustered data. James Malone GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization GenePattern module HeatMapViewer A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a heatmap view of data. James Malone GenePattern module HeatMapViewer GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a view of data that has been hierarchically clustered. James Malone GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan WEB:http://www.sysmex.com/@2009/08/06 Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration right handed right handed ambidexterous ambidexterous left handed left handed Edingburgh handedness inventory The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities. The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Jessica Turner PMID:5146491#Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113 WEB:http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course_archive/2006-07/W/4441/EdinburghInventory.html Edingburgh handedness inventory eBioscience Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.ebioscience.com/@2011/04/11 eBioscience Cytopeia Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.cytopeia.com/@2011/04/11 Cytopeia Exalpha Biological Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.exalpha.com/@2011/04/11 Exalpha Biological Apogee Flow Systems Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.apogeeflow.com/@2011/04/11 Apogee Flow Systems Exbio Antibodies Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.exbio.cz/@2011/04/11 Exbio Antibodies Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences) Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.bdbiosciences.com/@2011/04/11 Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences) Dako Cytomation Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.dakousa.com/@2011/04/11 Dako Cytomation Millipore Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.guavatechnologies.com/@2011/04/11 Millipore Antigenix Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.antigenix.com/@2011/04/11 Antigenix Partec Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.partec.de/@2011/04/11 Partec Beckman Coulter Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.beckmancoulter.com/@2011/04/11 Beckman Coulter Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies) Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.aicompanies.com/@2011/04/11 Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies) Miltenyi Biotec Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/@2011/04/11 Miltenyi Biotec AES Chemunex Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.aeschemunex.com/@2011/04/11 AES Chemunex Bentley Instruments Karin Breuer WEB:http://bentleyinstruments.com/@2011/04/11 Bentley Instruments Invitrogen Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.invitrogen.com/@2011/04/11 Invitrogen Luminex Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.luminexcorp.com/@2011/04/11 Luminex CytoBuoy Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.cytobuoy.com/@2011/04/11 CytoBuoy Nimblegen An organization that focuses on manufacturing target enrichment probe pools for DNA sequencing. An organization that focuses on manufacturing target enrichment probe pools for DNA sequencing. Person: Jie Zheng Nimblegen Pacific Biosciences An organization that supplies tools for studying the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA and protein. It developed a powerful technology platform called single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology which enables real-time analysis of biomolecules with single molecule resolution. An organization that supplies tools for studying the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA and protein. It developed a powerful technology platform called single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology which enables real-time analysis of biomolecules with single molecule resolution. Person: Jie Zheng Pacific Biosciences NanoString Technologies An organization that supplies life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostics based on a novel digital molecular barcoding technology. The NanoString platform can provide simple, multiplexed digital profiling of single molecules. An organization that supplies life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostics based on a novel digital molecular barcoding technology. The NanoString platform can provide simple, multiplexed digital profiling of single molecules. NanoString Technologies An autolysis value specification that indicates no apparent autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 0-non autolyis An autolysis value specification that indicates slight autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 1-slight autolysis An autolysis value specification that indicates moderate autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 2-moderate autolysis An autolysis value specification that indicates severe autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 3-severe autolysis Thermo Fisher Scientific An organization that is an American multinational, biotechnology product development company, created in 2006 by the merger of Thermo Electron and Fisher Scientific. An organization that is an American multinational, biotechnology product development company, created in 2006 by the merger of Thermo Electron and Fisher Scientific. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific Thermo Fisher Scientific G1: Well differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells and the organization of the tumor tissue appear close to normal. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G1 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G1: Well differentiated G2: Moderately differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are moderately differentiated and reflect an intermediate grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G2 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G2: Moderately differentiated G3: Poorly differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are poorly differentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G3 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G3: Poorly differentiated G4: Undifferentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are undifferentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G4 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G4: Undifferentiated G1 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are round, uniform, approximately 10um and that nucleoli are inconspicuous or absent. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 1 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G1 (Fuhrman) G2 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are slightly irregular, approximately 15um and nucleoli are evident. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 2 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G2 (Fuhrman) G3 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are very irregular, approximately 20um and nucleoli large and prominent. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 3 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G3 (Fuhrman) G4 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei arei bizarre and multilobulated, 20um or greater and nucleoli are prominent and chromatin clumped. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 4 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G4 (Fuhrman) Low grade ovarian tumor A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is low grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Low grade NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB Low grade ovarian tumor High grade ovarian tumor A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is high grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis High grade NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB High grade ovarian tumor G1 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is well differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G1 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G1 (WHO) G2 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is moderately differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G2 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G2 (WHO) G3 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is poorly differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G3 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G3 (WHO) G4 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is undifferentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G4 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G4 (WHO) pT0 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (colon) pTis (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ (intraepithelial or invasion of lamina propria). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pTis (colon) pT1 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades submucosa. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (colon) pT2 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades muscularis propria. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (colon) pT3 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades subserosa or into non-peritionealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (colon) pT4a (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor perforates visceral peritoneum. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4a (colon) pT4b (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor directly invades other organs or structures. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4b (colon) pT0 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (lung) pTis (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pTis (lung) pT1 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (lung) pT1a (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (lung) pT1b (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (lung) pT2 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 7 cm or the tumor has any of the following features: involves main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina, invades visceral pleura, associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (lung) pT2a (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (lung) pT2b (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (lung) pT3 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of: parietal pleura, chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardiu or the tumor is in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina or there is associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (lung) pT4 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to that of the primary. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4 (lung) pT0 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (kidney) pT1 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 7 cm or less in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (kidney) pT1a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 4 cm or less. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (kidney) pT1b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (kidney) pT2 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (kidney) pT2a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm but not more than 10 cm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (kidney) pT2b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 10 cm and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (kidney) pT3 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond the Gerota fascia. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (kidney) pT3a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or the tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat (peripelvic) fat but not beyond Gerota fascia. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3a (kidney) pT3b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava below diaphragm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3b (kidney) pT3c (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava above the diaphragm or Invades the wall of the vena cava. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3c (kidney) pT4 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades beyond Gerota fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4 (kidney) pT0 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (ovary) pT1 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to the ovaries (one or both). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (ovary) pT1a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one ovary; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (ovary) pT1b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to both ovaries; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (ovary) pT1c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one or both ovaries with capsule ruptured, tumor on ovarian surface, or malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1c (ovary) pT2 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (ovary) pT2a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension and/or implants on uterus and/or tube(s) and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (ovary) pT2b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension to other pelvic tissues and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (ovary) pT2c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has pelvic extension with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2c (ovary) pT3 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with microscopically confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and/or regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (ovary) pT3a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has microscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3a (ovary) pT3b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has macroscopic peritoneal, metastatasis beyond pelvis, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3b (ovary) pT3c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension and/or regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3c (ovary) pN0 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastsis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (colon) pN1 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (colon) pN1a (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1 regional lymph node. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1a (colon) pN1b (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 2-3 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1b (colon) pN1c (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating tumor deposit(s), i.e., satellites in the subserosa, or in non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal soft tissue without regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1c (colon) pN2 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2 (colon) pN2a (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 to 6 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2a (colon) pN2b (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2b (colon) pN0 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (lung) pN1 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (lung) pN2 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2 (lung) pN3 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN3 (lung) pN0 (kidney) A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (kidney) pN1 (kidney) A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (kidney) pN0 (ovary) A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (ovary) pN1 (ovary) A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (ovary) cM0 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are no symptoms or signs of distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29 NCI BBRB cM0 (colon) cM1 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is clinical evidence of distant metastases by history, physical examination, imaging studies, or invasive procedures, but without microscopic evidence of the presumed distant metastases. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29 NCI BBRB cM1 (colon) cM1a (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1a (colon) cM1b (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1b (colon) pM1 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is microscopic evidence confirming distant metastatic disease. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (colon) pM1a (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ and histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1a (colon) pM1b (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum and histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1b (colon) cM0 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (lung) cM1 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (lung) cM1a (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is based on clinical assessment and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1a (lung) cM1b (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1b (lung) pM1 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (lung) pM1a (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is histologically confirmed and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1a (lung) pM1b (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed and associated with distant lymph nodes or carcinomatosis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1b (lung) cM0 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (kidney) cM1 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (kidney) pM1 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (kidney) cM0 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (ovary) cM1 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (ovary) pM1 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (ovary) Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a small carcinoma, either asymptomatic or giving rise to metastases without symptoms due to the primary carcinoma. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Occult Carcinoma http://www.medilexicon.com/dictionary/14371 NCI BBRB Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th) Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential. A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) Stage I (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers that are smaller or less deeply invasive without regional disease or nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage I (AJCC 7th) Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIB and IIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIC (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIB and IIIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVA. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) Stage IA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating invasive carcinoma which can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with deepest invasion <5 mm and the largest extension <7 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA (FIGO) Stage IA1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of <3.0 mm in depth and extension of <7.0 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA1 (FIGO) Stage IA2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of >3.0 mm and not >5.0 mm with an extension of not >7.0 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA2 (FIGO) Stage IB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesions limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB (FIGO) Stage IB1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB1 (FIGO) Stage IB2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB2 (FIGO) Stage IIA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion. An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA (FIGO) Stage IIA1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA1 (FIGO) Stage IIA2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA2 (FIGO) Stage IIB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion. An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIB (FIGO) Stage IIIA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating tumour involves lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIA (FIGO) Stage IIIB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIB (FIGO) Stage IVA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread of the growth to adjacent organs. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVA (FIGO) Stage IVB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread to distant organs. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVB (FIGO) Stage 1 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1 (FIGO) Stage 1A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1a, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1A (FIGO) Stage 1B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1b, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1B (FIGO) Stage 1C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1c, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1C (FIGO) Stage 2 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2 (FIGO) Stage 2A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2a, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2A (FIGO) Stage 2B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2b, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2B (FIGO) Stage 2C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2c, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2C (FIGO) Stage 3 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3, N0, and M0) or (T3,3a,3b, NX, and M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3 (FIGO) Stage 3A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3a, N0, and M0 . Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3A (FIGO) Stage 3B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3b, N0, and M0 . Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3B (FIGO) Stage 3C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3c, N0,X and M0) or (any T, N1 and M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3C (FIGO) Stage 4 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of any T, any N, and M1. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 4 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 4 (FIGO) Stage Unknown (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T0, N0, and M0) or (T1,1a-1c,2,2a-2c, NX, and M0) or (TX, N0,X, M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage Unknown https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage Unknown (FIGO) 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and in bed for more than 50% of the day but is not bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is in bed for less than 50% of the day. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 4: bed ridden An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and is bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 4: bed ridden 0: asymptomatic An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is asymptomatic. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 0: asymptomatic 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is fully ambulatory. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 100: asymptomatic A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is asymptomatic. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 100: asymptomatic 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but fully ambulatory. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden Oxford Nanopore Technologies An organization that is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products and is based in the UK. An organization that is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products and is based in the UK. James A. Overton https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Nanopore_Technologies Oxford Nanopore Technologies BioGents An organization that manufactures mosquito traps and other mosquito control products. An organization that manufactures mosquito traps and other mosquito control products. John Judkins WEB:https://eu.biogents.com/about-biogents/ BioGents Abbott A manufacturer of rapid point-of-care assay devices. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 WEB:https://www.globalpointofcare.abbott/en/about.html https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 Abbott J. Mitra A manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic assay kits in India. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 WEB:https://jmitra.co.in/about-us/ https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 J. Mitra InBios A manufacturer that specializes in in vitro diagnostic devices designed to test for infectious diseases. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 WEB:https://inbios.com/about/ https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 InBios The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples in disease ontologies are: unnecessary class grouping; mistaked creation of a disease associated to a phenotype. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 out of scope The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was a valid domain entity, but it turns out the entity does not exist in reality. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. For example: Obsoleting class that describes a breed of cow based on a record in an existing database, that was later retracted as faulty (breed does not exist). Do not use this term to obsolete a historic concept (that was once valid, but not anymore). https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/136 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153 domain entity does not exist International Space Station An underwater habitat and research laboratory deployed on the ocean floor at a depth of 62 feet/19 meters and located 3.5 miles/6.5 km from Key Largo, FL. The installation consists of a surface-level life support buoy, the 45ft/14m x 9.8ft/3m habitat with living quarters, life-support systems, and laboratory space, and two underwater waystations supplying air for aquanauts on extended dives outside the habitat. The habitat includes a wet entry porch, a pressurizable main cabin, and a sealable entry lock connecting the two pressure zones. Saturation diving allows crews of up to six people to conduct extended missions while living in the habitat. Aquarius enables spaceflight analog studies approximating extreme space environments, extravehicular activity, and isolation and confinement of crew. Aquarius An underwater habitat and research laboratory deployed on the ocean floor at a depth of 62 feet/19 meters and located 3.5 miles/6.5 km from Key Largo, FL. The installation consists of a surface-level life support buoy, the 45ft/14m x 9.8ft/3m habitat with living quarters, life-support systems, and laboratory space, and two underwater waystations supplying air for aquanauts on extended dives outside the habitat. The habitat includes a wet entry porch, a pressurizable main cabin, and a sealable entry lock connecting the two pressure zones. Saturation diving allows crews of up to six people to conduct extended missions while living in the habitat. Aquarius enables spaceflight analog studies approximating extreme space environments, extravehicular activity, and isolation and confinement of crew. References: Sandra H�uplik-Meusburger and Sheryl Bishop, Space Habitats and Habitability: Designing for Isolated and Confined Environments on Earth and in Space (Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2021). NASA NEEMO page: [https://www.nasa.gov/mission/neemo/] Atlantis Challenger Columbia Cygnus Discovery Dragon Endeavour Foton-M2 Foton-M3 Mercury-Atlas 5 Mercury-Atlas 6 Mercury-Atlas 7 Mercury-Atlas 8 Mercury-Atlas 9 Mercury-Redstone 2 Mercury-Redstone 3 Mercury-Redstone 4 Minotaur IV Mir Space Station Saturn 1B Saturn V Scout Satellite Shuttle Soyuz Thor Delta Titan II Vostok Vostok (modified) Mars 500 Chamber MEDES Space Clinic NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Variable Pressure Chamber UTMB FARU UTMB GCRC The NEK facility is located at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Russia. It is a multi-compartment, pressurized facility that is used to capture subjects' emotional and mental state in long-duration isolated and confined environment to advance understanding of behavioral risks associated with this type of spaceflight analog. Subjects are physically isolated and have limited communication to the outside world. This enables subjects to feel as if they are in an actual spaceflight environment. The two areas of study are behavioral health and biochemistry, which will monitor subjects� psychological health and cortisol levels, respectively. NEK :envihab is a state-of-the-art research facility located in Cologne, Germany. envihab The HERA facility is located at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas and consists of a unique three-story closed habitat that is designed to serve as an analog for isolation, confinement, and remote conditions in exploration scenarios. Subjects� emotional and mental states in a short-duration, isolated, and confined environment are captured to advance understanding of behavioral risks associated with this type of spaceflight analog. The two areas of study are behavioral health and biochemistry, which monitor subjects� psychological health and cortisol levels, respectively. HERA 2000-07-11 A collection is an aggregation of items. The term collection means that the resource is described as a group; its parts may be separately described and navigated. Collection 2000-07-11 A dataset is information encoded in a defined structure (for example, lists, tables, and databases), intended to be useful for direct machine processing. Dataset 2000-07-11 An event is a non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, responsible agents, and links to related events and resources. The resource of type event may not be retrievable if the described instantiation has expired or is yet to occur. Examples - exhibition, web-cast, conference, workshop, open-day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea-party, conflagration. Event 2000-07-11 An image is a primarily symbolic visual representation other than text. For example - images and photographs of physical objects, paintings, prints, drawings, other images and graphics, animations and moving pictures, film, diagrams, maps, musical notation. Note that image may include both electronic and physical representations. Image 2000-07-11 An interactive resource is a resource which requires interaction from the user to be understood, executed, or experienced. For example - forms on web pages, applets, multimedia learning objects, chat services, virtual reality. Interactive Resource 2002-07-13 An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. For example -- a computer, the great pyramid, a sculpture. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these things should use Image, Text or one of the other types. Physical Object 2000-07-11 A service is a system that provides one or more functions of value to the end-user. Examples include: a photocopying service, a banking service, an authentication service, interlibrary loans, a Z39.50 or Web server. Service 2000-07-11 Software is a computer program in source or compiled form which may be available for installation non-transiently on another machine. For software which exists only to create an interactive environment, use interactive instead. Software 2000-07-11 A sound is a resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio. For example - a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Sound 2000-07-11 A text is a resource whose content is primarily words for reading. For example - books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The DCMI Box identifies a region of space using its geographic limits. DCMI Box 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Dewey Decimal Classification DDC 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The Internet media type of the resource. IMT 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 ISO 3166 Codes for the representation of names of countries ISO 3166 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 ISO 639-2: Codes for the representation of names of languages. ISO 639-2 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Library of Congress Classification LCC 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Library of Congress Subject Headings LCSH 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Medical Subject Headings MeSH 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A specification of the limits of a time interval. DCMI Period 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The DCMI Point identifies a point in space using its geographic coordinates. DCMI Point 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Internet RFC 1766 'Tags for the identification of Language' specifies a two letter code taken from ISO 639, followed optionally by a two letter country code taken from ISO 3166. RFC 1766 2002-07-13 Internet RFC 3066 'Tags for the Identification of Languages' specifies a primary subtag which is a two-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 1 or a three-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 2, followed optionally by a two-letter country code taken from ISO 3166. When a language in ISO 639 has both a two-letter and three-letter code, use the two-letter code; when it has only a three-letter code, use the three-letter code. This RFC replaces RFC 1766. RFC 3066 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names TGN 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Universal Decimal Classification UDC 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A URI Uniform Resource Identifier URI 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 W3C Encoding rules for dates and times - a profile based on ISO 8601 W3C-DTF Haiti Gourde https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Yemeni Rial https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Mauritania Ouguiya https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Minute of Arc Measurement Unit Arcminute MOA am amin arcmin ' https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kenyan Shilling https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Slug Measurement Unit slug https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Erg Measurement Unit erg https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT-8 PST Pacific Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Tablespoon Measurement Unit T https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Papua New Guinea Kina https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology GMT-3:30 Newfoundland Standard Time NST https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Viet Nam Dong https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Centimeter Measurement Unit cm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Global Area Reference System GARS https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Ghana Cedi https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Sri Lanka Rupee https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology South Africa Rand https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Kilogram Per Liter Measurement Unit kg/L https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+2 Bravo Time Zone B https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Afghanistan Afghani https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology GMT-2 BET Brazil Eastern Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology GMT+9:30 Australian Central Standard Time ACST https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Shaft Horsepower Measurement Unit shp https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-11 X-ray Time Zone X https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Singapore Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Guyana Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Pound Force Measurement Unit lbf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+0 GMT Greenwich Mean Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Milligram Measurement Unit mg https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology TT is an astronomical time standard that is a theoretical ideal designed to be free of the irregularities in Earth's rotation and is primarily used for time measurements of astronomical observations made from the surface of Earth. It was formerly called Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT), which was formulated to replace Ephemeris Time (ET). Terrestrial Time TT https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Swiss Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit cm^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology ET is an astronomical time scale that was adopted as a standard in 1952 by the IAU but has since been superseded and is no longer actively used. ET is based on the ephemeris second, which was defined as a fraction of the tropical year for 1900 January 01 as calculated using Newcomb's 1895 tables of the Sun. ET was designed to avoid problems caused by variations in Earth's rotational period and was used for Solar System ephemeris calculations until being replaced by Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT) in 1979. Ephemeris Time ET https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Kilogram-Mole Measurement Unit kg-mol kilogram-mole https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+5 PLT Pakistan Lahore Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Dominican Peso https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-6 Sierra Time Zone S https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Quart Measurement Unit qt https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Deciliter Measurement Unit dL https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+1 Alpha Time Zone A https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Miles Per Second Measurement Unit mi/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Chinese Renminbi https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Canadian Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Kilometers Per Hour Measurement Unit km/h https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Gram-Mole Measurement Unit g-mol gram-mole https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+6 Foxtrot Time Zone F https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-10 Whiskey Time Zone W https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Kilogram Force Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit Kilogram Per Square Centimeter Measurement Unit Kilopond Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit kg/cm^2 kgf/cm^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Mile Measurement Unit mi https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+1 ECT European Central Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Colombian Peso https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Universal Time 1 D UT1D https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Liter Measurement Unit Litre L https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Square Yard Measurement Unit yd^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Twenty-Four-Hour Clock Time System 24-Hour Clock 24-Hour Clock Time System Military Time Military Time System Twenty-Four Hour Clock Time System Twenty-Four-Hour Clock A Clock Time System for time keeping in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 Hours, indicated by the Hours passed since midnight, from 0 to 23. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=24-hour_clock&oldid=1063744105 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology GMT-9 AST Alaska Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Rwanda Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Week Measurement Unit https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Albania Lek https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Year Measurement Unit yr https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Centiliter Measurement Unit cL https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Mike Time Zone is the same local time as Yankee Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) ahead of Yankee Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line. Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+12 Mike Time Zone M https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology CFP Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Malawi Kwacha https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Czech Koruna https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Volt Measurement Unit V https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Milliampere Measurement Unit mA https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Indian Rupee https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Binary Degree Measurement Unit Binary Radian Brad https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+11 Lima Time Zone L https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Bolivia Boliviano https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Square Mile Measurement Unit mi^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-4 Quebec Time Zone Q https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Costa Rica Colon https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Pound Per Second Measurement Unit lb/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Mauritius Rupee https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology TDB is a linear scaling of Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB) and is a relativistic coordinate time scale used in astronomy as a time standard that accounts for time dilation when calculating Orbits and Ephemerides of Astronomical Bodies and interplanetary Spacecraft in the Solar System. TDB is a successor of Ephemeris Time (ET) and is nearly equivalent to the time scale Teph used for DE405 planetary and lunar ephemerides generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Barycentric Dynamical Time TDB https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kilomole Measurement Unit kilomole kmol https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Uzbekistan Sum https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Namibia Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Revolutions Per Day Measurement Unit r/day https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT-4 PRT Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology GMT+10 AET Australia Eastern Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Kilometers Per Second Measurement Unit km/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Megahertz Measurement Unit MHz https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Square Centimeter Measurement Unit cm^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Cubic Millimeter Measurement Unit mm^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Euro https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Atmosphere Measurement Unit atm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kilohertz Measurement Unit kHz https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+4 NET Near East Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Kilogram Measurement Unit kilogram kg https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Angstrom Measurement Unit Angstrom Å Ångström https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Angolan Kwanza https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+9 India Time Zone I https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Macao Pataca https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Algerian Dinar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10^23 elementary entities. Mole Measurement Unit mole mol https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Bangladesh Taka https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Surinamese Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Square Kilometer Measurement Unit km^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Peru Nuevo Sol https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-7 Tango Time Zone T https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Radian Measurement Unit radian rad https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Bulgarian Lev https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Universal Time 1 A UT1A https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Lebanese Pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Kilonewton Measurement Unit kN https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Yard Measurement Unit yrd https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Sone Measurement Unit sone https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Square Meter Measurement Unit m^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kuwaiti Dinar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Fiji Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Kiloliter Measurement Unit kL https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+5 Echo Time Zone E https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Tanzania Shilling https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Donna Jones Olivia Hobai Decibel Isotropic Measurement Unit Decibels Over Isotropic Decibels Over Isotropic Antenna Decibels Relative to Isotrope Decibels Relative to Isotropic Radiator Decibels Relative to an Isotropic Reference Antenna dBi https://shopdelta.eu/dbi-power-gain-of-isotropic-antenna_l2_aid836.html https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/decibels-relative-to-isotropic-radiator-dBi https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Hungary Forint https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Newton Meter Measurement Unit N-m https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Uruguay Peso https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Universal Time 1 F UT1F https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Lesotho Loti https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Brunei Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Belarussian Ruble https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Tonga Pa anga https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Meters Per Second Measurement Unit m/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology South Sudanese Pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Mexican Peso https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Laos Kip https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Liberian Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-2 Oscar Time Zone O https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Nicaragua Cordoba Oro https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Madagascar Malagasy Ariary https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Turkish Lira https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Zambia Kwacha https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Philippine Peso https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Square Foot Measurement Unit ft^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Pint Measurement Unit pt https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT-11 MIT Midway Islands Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Newton Measurement Unit newton N https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Mach Measurement Unit M Ma https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+8 Hotel Time Zone H https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Kilogram Meter Per Second Measurement Unit kg m/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology "TCG is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Earth but is outside the Earth's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Earth." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time) Geocentric Coordinate Time TCG https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Cubic Meter Per Second Measurement Unit m^3/s cumec https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Botswana Pula https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Egyptian Pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Hour Measurement Unit hr h https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+7 VST Vietnam Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Sudanese Pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Second Measurement Unit second s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology UTC is a variant of Universal Time that is calculated by combining Universal Time 1 with International Atomic Time by occasionally adding leap seconds to TAI in order to maintain UTC within 0.9 seconds of UT1. The difference between UTC and UT1 is called DUT1 and always has a value between -0.9 seconds and +0.9 seconds. Coordinated Universal Time is the current basis for civil time and is the reference time for time zones, whose local times are defined based on an offset from UTC. Coordinated Universal Time UTC https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Meters Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit m/s/s m/s^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Tajikistan Somoni https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Israel Shekel https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology GMT+12 NST New Zealand Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Paraguay Guarani https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Decimeter Measurement Unit dm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Short Ton Measurement Unit Net Ton ton (US) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Swaziland Lilangeni https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Democratic Republic Of Congo Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Syrian Pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology UT1R is a variant of Universal Time that is a smoothed version of UT1 by filtering out periodic variations due to tidal waves. Universal Time 1 R UT1R https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Dyne Measurement Unit dyn https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology The Julian Calendar was proposed by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman Calendar, took effect on 1 January 46 BC, and was the predominant Calendar System in Europe until being largely replaced by the Gregorian Calendar. Julian Calendar A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years such that the average length of a Julian Year is 365.25 Days. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian_calendar&oldid=1063127575 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Cubic Foot Measurement Unit ft^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Gram Measurement Unit g https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+6 BST Bangladesh Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology GMT-10 HST Hawaii Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Pound Foot Measurement Unit lb ft https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Samoa Tala https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Pound Foot Second Square Measurement Unit lb ft s^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology New Zealand Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Pascal Measurement Unit pascal Pa https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Calorie Measurement Unit cal https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Uganda Shilling https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Cambodian Riel https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Horsepower Measurement Unit hp https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Decigram Measurement Unit dg https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT-5 EST Eastern Standard Time IET Indiana Eastern Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Watt Measurement Unit watt W https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Ounce Measurement Unit oz https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Gram Per Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit g/cm^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kilogram Per Cubic Meter Measurement Unit kg/m^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+2 EET Eastern European Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Day Measurement Unit https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kelvin Measurement Unit kelvin K https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Teaspoon Measurement Unit t https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Revolutions Per Minute Measurement Unit r/min rpm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology CFA Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Milliliter Measurement Unit mL https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Ukraine Hryvnia https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Nepalese Rupee https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Liter Per Second Measurement Unit l/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-3 Papa Time Zone P https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology The ITRS definition fulfills the following conditions: 1. It is geocentric, the center of mass being defined for the whole earth, including oceans and atmosphere. 2. The unit of length is the metre (SI). This scale is consistent with the TCG time coordinate for a geocentric local frame, in agreement with IAU and IUGG (1991) resolutions. This is obtained by appropriate relativistic modelling. 3. Its orientation was initially given by the BIH orientation at 1984.0. 4. The time evolution of the orientation is ensured by using a no-net-rotation condition with regards to horizontal tectonic motions over the whole earth. From: (https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/ITRS/ITRS.html) International Terrestrial Reference System ITRS https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Universal Transverse Mercator Reference System UTM https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Feet Per Second Measurement Unit ft/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology World Geographic Reference System WGRS https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Newton Second Per Kilogram Measurement Unit Ns/kg https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Poland Zloty https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Bayre Measurement Unit ba https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+9 JST Japan Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Cubic Inch Measurement Unit in^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology TAI is a time standard the values of which are generated by calculating the weighted average of the measurements of more than 400 atomic clocks and is based on the International System of Units (SI) definition of one second equals the time it takes a Cesium-133 atom at the ground state to oscillate exactly 9,192,631,770 times. TAI is extremely precise, but does not perfectly synchronize with Earth times, which is why TAI and UT1 are both used to determine UTC. TAI serves as the main realization of TT. International Atomic Time TAI https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-8 Uniform Time Zone U https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Kazakhstan Tenge https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Ethiopian Birr https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology North Korean Won https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Swedish Krona https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Kilogram Per Second Measurement Unit kg/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+11 SST Solomon Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Kilometer Measurement Unit km https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology GMT+3:30 Iran Standard Time Iran Time IRST IT https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Guinean Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology United Kingdom Pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Miles Per Hour Measurement Unit mi/h mph https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-1 November Time Zone N https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Degree Measurement Unit ° https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Argentine Peso https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Degree Celsius Measurement Unit degree Celsius °C https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-9 Victor Time Zone V https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Pound-Mole Measurement Unit lb-mol lbmol pound-mole https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Gradian Measurement Unit Gon Grad Grade https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Thai Baht https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Gallon Measurement Unit gal https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Bar Measurement Unit bar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kilovolt Ampere Measurement Unit kVA https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Moldovan Leu https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology GMT-7 MST Mountain Standard Time PNT Phoenix Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Gambian Dalasi https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Nigeria Naira https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology United States Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Solomon Island Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Macedonian Denar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Pakistani Rupee https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Armenian Dram https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Romanian Leu https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+7 Golf Time Zone G https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology UT0 is a variant of Universal Time that is measured by observing the diurnal motion of stars or extragalactic radio sources at a specific location on Earth. It does not take into consideration distorting factors, in particular polar motion, such that its value will differ based on the location it is measured at. Universal Time 0 UT0 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Twelve-Hour Clock Time System 12-Hour Clock 12-Hour Clock Time System Twelve Hour Clock Twelve Hour Clock Time System Twelve-Hour Clock A Clock Time System for keeping the Time of Day in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into two intervals of 12 Hours each, where: the first interval begins at midnight, ends at noon, and is indicated by the suffix 'a.m.'; the second interval begins at noon, ends at midnight, and is indicated by the suffix 'p.m.'; and the midnight and noon Hours are numbered 12 with subsequent Hours numbered 1-11. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=12-hour_clock&oldid=1057602523 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology HongKong Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-12 Yankee Time Zone is the same local time as Mike Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) behind Mike Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line. Yankee Time Zone Y https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Nautical Mile Measurement Unit M NM nmi https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology "WGS 84 is an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed terrestrial reference system and geodetic datum. WGS 84 is based on a consistent set of constants and model parameters that describe the Earth's size, shape, and gravity and geomagnetic fields. WGS 84 is the standard U.S. Department of Defense definition of a global reference system for geospatial information and is the reference system for the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is compatible with the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)." From: (http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2012/template/WGS_84.pdf) World Geodetic System 1984 WGS 84 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Seychelles Rupee https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology South Korean Won https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Vanuatu Vatu https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology GMT-1 CAT Central African Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Bosnia And Herzegovina Convertible Mark https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Phon Measurement Unit phon https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Nanometer Measurement Unit Nanometre nm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Comoros Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Indonesia Rupiah https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Myanmar Kyat https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Kilogram Meter Square Measurement Unit kg-m^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Millimeter Measurement Unit mm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Millibar Measurement Unit mb mbar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Cubic Feet Per Second Measurement Unit ft^3/s cusec https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Square Inch Measurement Unit in^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Knot Measurement Unit kn https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Feet Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit ft/s/s ft/s^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Coordinate System Conventional Terrestrial Coordinate System ECEF ECR Earth Centered Earth Fixed Earth Centered Rotational Coordinate System Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed A Geospatial and Cartesian Coordinate System that identifies positions using an x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis coordinate where the zero point is the center of the Earth, the z-Axis extends toward the North Pole but does not always coincide exactly with the Earth's Axis of Rotation, the x-Axis extends through the intersection of the Prime Meridian and the Equator, the y-Axis completes the right-handed system, and all three axes are fixed to the Earth such that they rotate along with the Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth-centered,_Earth-fixed_coordinate_system&oldid=1062678600 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Mongolia Tugrik https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Tunisian Dinar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Gram Per Second Measurement Unit g/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Russian Rouble https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Joule Measurement Unit joule J https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Iranian Rial https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Cape Verde Escudo https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Newton Second Measurement Unit N s Newton second Ns https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Trinidad and Tobago Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Teph (the 'eph' is written as subscript) is an ephemeris time argument developed and calculated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and implemented in a series of numerically integrated Development Ephemerides (DE), including the currently used DE405. Teph is characterized as a relativistic coordinate time that is nearly equivalent to the IAU's definition of TCB, though Teph is not currently an IAU time standard. Teph is used by the JPL to generate the ephemerides it publishes to support spacecraft navigation and astronomy. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Ephemeris Time Argument JPL Ephemeris Time Teph https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Turn Measurement Unit Cycle Full Circle Revolution Rotation https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology This global main field model provides magnetic field values for any location on Earth, e.g. for navigational purposes (declination) or as a standard for core field subtraction for aeromagnetic surveys. An updated version is adopted by International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) every 5 years). International Geomagnetic Reference Field Alken, P., Thébault, E., Beggan, C.D. et al. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation. Earth Planets Space 73, 49 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01288-x , https://www.iaga-aiga.org/ GMT+8 CTT China Taiwan Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Mozambique Metical https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Cubic Meter Measurement Unit m^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Decibel Measurement Unit dB https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Georgian Lari https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology "Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB, from the French Temps-coordonnée barycentrique) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary spacecraft in the Solar system. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the barycenter of the Solar system: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Solar system but is outside the system's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Sun and the rest of the system." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time) Barycentric Coordinate Time TCB https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Minute Measurement Unit min https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Sierra Leone Leone https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Gigahertz Measurement Unit GHz https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Malaysia Ringgit https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Azerbaijan Manat https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Square Decimeter Measurement Unit dm^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Japanese Yen https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology The Gregorian Calendar was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII via papal bull on 24 February 1582 as a reform of the Julian Calendar to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes and solstices. The Gregorian Calendar is currently the most widely used civil Calendar System in the world and is 13 days ahead of the Julian Calendar Date. Gregorian Calendar A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years except Years that are evenly divisible by 100 but not 400 such that there are 97 leap Years every 400 Years and the average length of a Gregorian Year is 365.2425 Days (365 Days 5 Hours 49 Minutes 12 Seconds). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregorian_calendar&oldid=1062360692 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Slug Foot Per Second Measurement Unit slug ft/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Metric Ton Measurement Unit tonne t https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Inch Measurement Unit in https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Cubic Decimeter Measurement Unit dm^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology St Helena Pound https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Miles Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit mi/s/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Gallon Per Minute Measurement Unit gal/min https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kilopond Measurement Unit Kilogram Force Measurement Unit Kilogram-Force kgf https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Meter Measurement Unit meter m https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Burundi Franc https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Second of Arc Measurement Unit Arcsecond arcsec as asec " https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Standard Cubic Centimeter Per Minute Measurement Unit cm^3/min sccm https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Cubic Yard Measurement Unit yrd^3 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Sao Tome Principe Dobra https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology British Thermal Unit Measurement Unit BTU Btu https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Turkmenistan Manat https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology GMT-6 CST Central Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Unix Time is a Temporal Reference System for describing a point in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Thursday, 1 January 1970 minus the number of leap seconds that have taken place since then. (See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time) Unix Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+0 Zulu Time Zone Z https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Pounds Per Square Inch Measurement Unit psi https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology UT2 is a variant of Universal Time that smooths UT1 by accounting for both polar motion and variations in Earth's rotation due to seasonal factors, such as changes in vegetation and water or snow distribution. Universal Time 2 UT2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Centigram Measurement Unit cg https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Kilometers Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit km/s/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Long Ton Measurement Unit Displacement Ton Gross Ton Imperial Ton Weight Ton ton (UK) https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Morocco Dirham https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Juliet time is used as an indexical to refer to local time without otherwise specifying the time zone. Juliet Time Zone J https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology GMT-3 AGT Argentina Standard Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology GMT+5:30 Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Standard Time IST SLST https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Brazilian Real https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology GMT+3 EAT Eastern African Time https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Chilean Peso https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Acre Measurement Unit acre https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Month Measurement Unit https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Serbian Dinar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Quartic Meter Measurement Unit m^4 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Danish Krone https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Dyne Second Measurement Unit dyne s dyne second https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-5 Romeo Time Zone R https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Square Millimeter Measurement Unit mm^2 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Foot Measurement Unit ft https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Terahertz Measurement Unit THz https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology UT1 is a derivation of UT0 that takes into account distortions caused by polar motion and is proportional to the rotation angle of the Earth with respect to distant quasars, specifically, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). UT1 is currently the most widely used variant of Universal Time and has the same value everywhere on Earth. Universal Time 1 Astronomical Time UT1 https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Croatia Kuna https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Honduras Lempira https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Kyrgyzstan Som https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Guatemala Quetzal https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Libyan Dinar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Bhutan Ngultrum https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+4 Delta Time Zone D https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Degree Fahrenheit Measurement Unit °F https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Iceland Krona https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Norwegian Krone https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+10 Kilo Time Zone K https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Pound Measurement Unit lb https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Volt Ampere Measurement Unit VA https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Hertz Measurement Unit cycles per second hertz Hz https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Jamaican Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+3 Charlie Time Zone C https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/InformationEntityOntology Slug Per Second Measurement Unit slug/s https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/UnitsOfMeasureOntology Australian Dollar https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/CurrencyUnitOntology third planet from the Sun in the Solar System Earth third planet from the Sun in the Solar System https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2 Sun Sol Earth's interconnected water system World Ocean Earth's interconnected water system https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715269 A specification of the genetic state of an organism, whether complete (defined over the whole genome) or incomplete (defined over a subset of the genome). Genotypes typically describe this genetic state as a diff between some variant component and a canonical reference. As information artifacts, genotypes specify the state of a genome be defining a diff between some canonical reference and a variant or alternate sequence that replaces the corresponding portion of the reference. We can consider a genotype then as a collection of these reference and variant features, along with some rule for operating on them and resolve a final single sequence. This is valid ontologically because we commit only to sequence features being GDCs - which allows for their concretization in either biological or informational patterns. Accordingly, a particular gene allele, such as shh<tbx292>, can be part of a genome in a biological sense and part of a genotype in an informational sense. This idea underpins the 'genotype partonomy' at the core of the GENO model that decomposes a complete genotype into its more fundamental parts, including alleles and allele complements, as described in the comment above. Core definition above adapted from the GA4GH VMC data model definition here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/12E8WbQlvfZWk5NrxwLytmympPby6vsv60RxCeD5wc1E/edit#heading=h.4e32jj4jtmsl (retrieved 2018-04-09). Note however that the VMC genotype concept likely is not intended to cover 'effective' and 'extrinsic' genotype concepts defined in GENO. 1. Scope of 'Genetic State': 'Genetic state' is considered quite broadly in GENO to describe two general kinds of 'states'. First, is traditional notion of 'allelic state' - defined as the complement of alleles present at a particular location or locations in a genome (i.e. across all homologous chromosomes containing this location). Here, a genotype can describe allelic state at a specific locus in a genome (an 'allelic genotype'), or describe the allelic state across the entire genome ('genomic genotype'). Second, this concept can also describe states of genomic features 'extrinsic' to their intrinsic sequence, such as the expression status of a gene as a result of being specifically targeted by experimental interventions such as RNAi, morpholinos, or CRISPRs. 2. Genotype Subtypes: In GENO, we use the term 'intrinsic' for genotypes describing variation in genomic sequence, and 'extrinsic' for genotypes describing variation in gene expression (e.g. resulting from the targeted experimental knock-down or over-expression of endogenous genes). We use the term 'effective genotype' to describe the total intrinsic and extrinsic variation in a cell or organism at the time a phenotypic assessment is performed. Two more precise conccepts are subsumed by the notion of an 'intrinsic genotype': (1) 'allelic genotypes', which specify allelic state at a single genomic location; and (2) 'genomic genotypes', which specify allelic state across an entire genome. In both cases, allelic state is typically specified in terms of a differential between a reference and a set of 1 or more known variant features. 3. The Genotype Partonomy: 'Genomic genotypes' describing sequence variation across an entire genome are 'decomposed' in GENO into a partonomy of more granular levels of variation. These levels are defined to be meaningful to biologists in their attempts to relate genetic variation to phenotypic features. They include 'genomic variation complement' (GVC), 'variant single locus complement' (VSLC), 'allele', 'haplotype', 'sequence alteration', and 'genomic background' classes. For example, the components of the zebrafish genotype "fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a>; fgf3<t24149/+>[AB]", described at zfin.org/ZDB-FISH-150901-9362, include the following elements: - GVC: fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a>; fgf3<t24149/+> (total intrinsic variation in the genome) - Genomic Background: AB (the reference against which the GVC is variant) - VSLC1: fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a> (homozygous complement of gene alleles at one known variant locus) - VSLC2: fgf3<t24149/+> (heterozygous complement of gene alleles at another known variant locus) - Allele 1: fgf8a<ti282a> (variant version of the fgf8a gene, present in two copies) - Allele 2: fgf3<t24149> (variant version of the fgf3 gene, present in one copy) - Allele 3: fgf3<+> (wild-type version of the fgf3 gene, present in one copy) - Sequence Alteration1: <ti282a> (the specific mutation within the fgf8a gene that makes it variant) - Sequence Alteration2: <t24149> (the specific mutation within the fgf3 gene that makes it variant) A graphical representation of this decomposition that maps each element to a visual depiction of the portion of a genome it denotes can be found here: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/GENO-ontology/blob/develop/README.md One reason that explicit representation of these levels is important is because it is at these levels that phenotypic features are annotated to genetic variations in different clinical and model organism databases For example, ZFIN typically annotates phenotypes to effective genotypes, MGI to intrinsic genotypes, Wormbase to variant alleles, and ClinVar to haplotypes and sequence alterations. The ability to decompose a genotype into representations at these levels allows us to "propagate phenotypes" up or down the partonomy (e.g. infer associations of phenotypes annotated to a genotype to its more granular levels of variation and the gene(s) affected). This helps to supporting integrated analysis of G2P data. genotype has_genotype NSRL GCRSim The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. The NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation is comprised of seven different species of ion, and fourteen different energies of H and He for 33 separate beams in a single GCRSim exposure. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/GCRSim.php) NSRL GCRSim NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation NSRL The experiment was conducted at the NSRL A particle accelerator beamline located at Brookhaven National Laboratory Jack Miller NSRL NASA Space Radiation Laboratory HIMAC The experiment was carried out at HIMAC A particle accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan HIMAC; NIRS-HIMAC Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at Chiba ISS The experiment was conducted aboard the International Space Station An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station that went operational in the year 2000. Jack Miller term editor ISS International Space Station The experiment was conducted on the Mir space station An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station, operational from1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Wikipedia Mir The biological payload was carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle An instance of a reusable spacecraft designed to carry passengers and equipment into low Earth orbit and return to Earth. Operated by the United States and operational from 1981 to 2011. Wikipedia Space Shuttle The experiment was conducted aboard the Bion-MI satellite. An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched April 19, 2013 and returned to Earth May 19, 2013 Jack Miller Wikipedia Bion-M1 The samples were flown on the Foton-M4 satellite An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched July 19, 2014 and returned to Earth September 1, 2014 Wikipedia Foton-M4 The experiment was conducted on the Shenzhou-8 space station An instance of a Chinese-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched October 31, 2011 and returned to Earth November 17, 2011. Wikipedia Shenzhou-8 US Lab The experiment was conducted in the US Laboratory on the ISS An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the United States Wikipedia Destiny|US Lab ISS-US Laboratory JEM The experiment was conducted on the Japanese Experiment Module A Japanese science module for the International Space Station developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. Wikipedia JEM|Kibo ISS-Japanese Experiment Module Columbus The experiment was conducted on the Columbus module on the ISS An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the European Space Agency. Wikipedia Columbus laboratory ISS-Columbus Zvezda The experiment was conducted in the Zvezda module of the ISS. An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the Russian Space Agency. Wikipedia Russian Service Module ISS-Zvezda The experiment was carried out at the SIS-18 accelerator. An particle accelerator located at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germay. SIS18 NSRL SPESim The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation. The NSRL SPE simulatoris based on the fluence of the August 1972 event, with an energy spectrum similar to the March 1989 event. The majority of the protons are at very low energies, below 1 MeV, and pose little to no risk to astronauts in a space craft or space suit. The SPESim begins with 50 MeV protons, which amounts to 91.66% of the total dose. Then the beam energy increments in steps of 10 MeV up to 150 MeV where 0.14% of the total dose is delivered. NSRL SPESim NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation NSRL SimGCRSim The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. The NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation uses 6 beams and 5 different ions including protons at two different energies. https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/SimGCRSim.php NSRL SimGCRSim NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation KUR-HWNIF The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons at the KUR-HWNIF A heavy water tank of approximately 2 m3 adjacent to the core of the Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR), a light-water moderated tank-type reactor. KUR-HWNIF Kyoto University Research Reactor-Heavy Water Neutron Irradiation Facility HIRRAC The samples were irradiated with fast neutrons at the HIRRAC. A neutron generator at the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University (RIRBM). Monoenergetic neutrons of which energy is less than 1.3 MeV are generated by the 7Li(p,n)7 Be reaction at proton energies up to 3 MeV. HIRRAC Hiroshima University Radiobiological Research Accelerator BNL GRSF The Gamma Radiation Facility known as GRSF houses a cesium-137 gamma ray source which can provide gamma rays at a variety of dose rates. The gamma source is an industry standar dJ.L. Shepherd Mark I Model 68A 137Cs ? Irradiator. The photon energy from the source is 662 keV, with a Lineal Energy Transfer (LET) in water of approximately 0.8 keV/um. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/grsf/) Jack Miller BNL GRSF Brookhaven National Laboratory Gamma Radiation Source Facility http://www.theratronics.ca/PDFs/GC40_BTMB_8008GC40E_2_v112013_webSECURE.pdf Gammacell 40 true https://www.crr.columbia.edu/services/ion-beam-and-neutron-core-facility RARAF 5.5 MV microbeam https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-small-business-partnership-prepares-drone-for-30-day-science-flights Swift HALE https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/index.html ER-2 https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/WB-57_-_JSC WB-57 A specific instance of Faxitron CP160 x-ray source. doi: 10.2349/biij.2.1.e1 Faxitron CP160 true A specific instance of an X-Rad320 x-ray source. https://precisionxray.com/x-rad/xrad-320/ X-Rad320 true meter A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. m m metre "A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] meter kilogram A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France. kg kg "A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] kilogram second A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom. s sec s "A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] second A "An electric current unit which is equal to the constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10^[-7] newton per meter of length." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] ampere K "A thermodynamic temperature unit which is equal to the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] kelvin mol "A substance unit which is equal to the amount of substance of a molecular system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] mole cd "A luminous intensity unit which equal to the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] candela centimeter A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m. cm centimetre cm "A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m." [NIST:NIST] centimeter millimeter A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m. mm millimetre mm "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m." [NIST:NIST] millimeter micrometer A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m. um micrometre micron um "A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m." [NIST:NIST] micrometer nanometer A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m. nm nanometre nm "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m." [NIST:NIST] nanometer angstrom A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m. Å "A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m." [NIST:NIST] angstrom picometre pm "A length unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [NIST:NIST] picometer gram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg. g g "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg." [NIST:NIST] gram milligram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g. mg mg "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g." [UOC:GVG] milligram microgram A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g. ug ug "A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g." [UOC:GVG] microgram nanogram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g. ng ng "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g." [UOC:GVG] nanogram picogram A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g. pg pg "A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g." [UOC:GVG] picogram fg "A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-15] g." [NIST:NIST] femtogram degree Celsius A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K. C degree C C "A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K." [NIST:NIST] degree Celsius ms "A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of a second or 10^[-3] s." [NIST:NIST] millisecond us "A time unit which is equal to one millionth of a second or 10^[-6] s." [NIST:NIST] microsecond ps "A time unit which is equal to 10^[-12] s." [NIST:NIST] picosecond minute A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds. min min "A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] minute hour A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes. h hr h "A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hour day A time unit which is equal to 24 hours. "A time unit which is equal to 24 hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] day week A time unit which is equal to 7 days. "A time unit which is equal to 7 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] week month A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days. "A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] month year A time unit which is equal to 12 months which is science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days. "A time unit which is equal to 12 months which in science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] year mA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one thousandth of an ampere or 10^[-3] A." [UOC:GVG] milliampere uA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one millionth of an ampere or 10^[-6] A." [UOC:GVG] microampere micromole A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol. umol umol "A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol." [NIST:NIST] micromole mmol "A substance unit equal to a thousandth of a mol or 10^[-3] mol." [NIST:NIST] millimole nanomole A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol. nmol nmol "A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol." [NIST:NIST] nanomole picomole A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol. pmol pmol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol." [NIST:NIST] picomole fmol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-15] mol." [NIST:NIST] femtomole amol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-18] mol." [NIST:NIST] attomole molar A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L). M M "A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L)." [UOC:GVG] molar millimolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M. mM mM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M." [UOC:GVG] millimolar micromolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M. uM uM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M." [UOC:GVG] micromolar nanomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M. nM nM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M." [UOC:GVG] nanomolar picomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M. pM pM "A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M." [UOC:GVG] picomolar m "A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of a solution of 1 mole per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg)." [UOC:GVG] molal mm "A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of a molal or 10^[-3] m." [UOC:GVG] millimolal um "A molality unit which is equal to one millionth of a molal or 10^[-6] m." [UOC:GVG] micromolal nm "A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molal or 10^[-9] m." [UOC:GVG] nanomolal pm "A molality unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [UOC:GVG] picomolal fM "A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-15] M." [UOC:GVG] femtomolar N "A unit of concentration which is one gram equivalent of a solute per liter of solution. A gram equivalent weight or equivalent is a measure of the reactive capacity of a given molecule." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] normal (x) chi "A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mole fraction m/s^[2] metre per second per second "An acceleration unit which is equal to the acceleration an object changing its velocity by 1meter/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] meter per second per second alpha rad/s^[2] "An angular unit acceleration which is equal to the angular acceleration of an object changing its angular velocity by 1rad/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] radian per second per second rad/s "An angular unit velocity which is equal to about 9.54930 rpm (revolutions per minute)." [NIST:NIST] radian per second m^[2] square metre "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long." [NIST:NIST] square meter cm^[2] square centimetre "An area unit which is equal to one ten thousandth of a square meter or 10^[-4] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] square centimeter mm^[2] square millimetre "An area unit which is equal to one millionth of a square meter or 10^[-6] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] square millimeter kg/m^[3] kilogram per cubic metre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in cubic meters." [UOC:GVG] kilogram per cubic meter g/cm^[3] gram per cubic centimetre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in cubic centimeters." [UOC:GVG] gram per cubic centimeter candela per square metre cd/m^[2] "A luminance unit which is equal to a luminous intensity of one candela radiating from a surface whose area is one square meter." [NIST:NIST] candela per square meter kg/m^[2] kilogram per square metre "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] kilogram per square meter kg/mol "A molar mass unit which is equal to one kilogram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST] kilogram per mole g/mol "A molar mass unit which is equal to one gram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST] gram per mole cubic metre per mole m^[3]/mol "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic meter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] cubic meter per mole cm^[3]/mol cubic centimetre per mole "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic centimeter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] cubic centimeter per mole kg.m/s kilogram metre per second "A momentum unit which is equal to the momentum of a one kilogram mass object with a speed of one meter per second." [NIST:NIST] kilogram meter per second 1/s one turn per second "A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second." [NIST:NIST] turns per second cubic metre per kilogram m^[3]/kg "A specific volume unit which is equal to one cubic meter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] cubic meter per kilogram m/s metre per second "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 meter distance in one second." [NIST:NIST] meter per second cubic metre m^[3] "A volume unit which is equal to the volume of a cube with edges one meter in length. One cubic meter equals to 1000 liters." [NIST:NIST] cubic meter cubic centimeter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml. cc cc cm^3 cubic centimetre "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml." [NIST:NIST] cubic centimeter milliliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter. ml millilitre ml "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter." [NIST:NIST] milliliter liter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter. L L l litre "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter." [NIST:NIST] liter cubic decimeter A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L. cubic decimetre dm^[3] "A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L." [NIST:NIST] cubic decimeter microliter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L. ul microlitre ul "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L." [NIST:NIST] microliter nanoliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L. nl nanolitre nl "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L." [NIST:NIST] nanoliter picoliter A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L. pl picolitre pl "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L." [NIST:NIST] picoliter femtolitre fl "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-15] L." [NIST:NIST] femtoliter hertz A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second. Hz s^1 "A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second." [NIST:NIST] hertz N "A force unit which is equal to the force required to cause an acceleration of 1m/s2 of a mass of 1 Kg in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST] newton Pa "A pressure unit which is equal to the pressure or stress on a surface caused by a force of 1 newton spread over a surface of 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] pascal J "An energy unit which is equal to the energy required when a force of 1 newton moves an object 1 meter in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST] joule W "A power unit which is equal to the power used when work is done at the rate of 1 joule per second." [NIST:NIST] watt lx "An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] lux lm "A luminous flux unit which is equal to the luminous flux emitted into 1 steradian by a point source of 1 candela." [NIST:NIST] lumen kat "A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the activity of a catalyst in moles per second, such as the amount of an enzyme needed to transform one mole of substrate per second." [NIST:NIST] katal rad "A plane angle unit which is equal to the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle, approximately 57 degrees 17 minutes and 44.6 seconds." [NIST:NIST] radian sr "A solid angle unit which is equal to the solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on the surface of the sphere that is equal to the radius squared." [NIST:NIST] steradian Bq "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second (dps)." [NIST:NIST] becquerel Ci "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which there are 3.7 x 10^[10] atom disintegration per second (dps)." [ORCBS:ORCBS] curie Gy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST] gray "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] rad R "An exposure unit which is equal to the amount of radiation required to liberate positive and negative charges of one electrostatic unit of charge in 1 cm^[3] of air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). This corresponds to the generation of approximately 2.0810^[9] ion pairs." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] roentgen Sv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST] sievert mSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a sievert or 10^[-3] Sv." [NIST:NIST] millisievert uSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one millionth of a sievert or 10^[-6] Sv." [NIST:NIST] microsievert rem "A dose equivalent unit which when multiplied by hundred is equal to one sievert or 1 Sv. 1 Sv is equal to 100 rem." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] Roentgen equivalent man uGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one millionth of a gray or 10^[-6] Gy." [NIST:NIST] microgray mGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gray or 10^[-3] Gy." [NIST:NIST] milligray nGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a gray or 10^[-9] Gy." [NIST:NIST] nanogray nSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a sievert or 10^[-9] Sv." [NIST:NIST] nanosievert mCi "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one thousandth of a curie or 10^[-3] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS] millicurie uCi "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one millionth of a curie or 10^[-6] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS] microcurie dpm "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per minute or there is one atom disintegration per minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS] disintegrations per minute cpm "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the number of light emissions produced by ionizing radiation in one minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS] counts per minute ns "A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a second or 10^[-9] s." [NIST:NIST] nanosecond "A time unit which is equal to 100 years." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] century "A time unit which represents the period over which the activity or concentration of a specified chemical or element falls to half its original activity or concentration." [MGED:MGED] half life ft-c "An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 foot^[2]. One footcandle is equal to 10.76 lux." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] foot candle W/m^[2] watt per square metre "An irradiance unit which is equal to 1 watt of radiant power incident per one square meter surface area." [NIST:NIST] watt per square meter einstein per square metre per second einstein/sm^[2] mole per second and square meter mol/sm^2 "An irradiance unit which is equal to one einstein per square meter per second. One einstein is one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] einstein per square meter per second W/sr m^[2] watt per steradian per square metre "A radiance unit which is equal to one watt of radiant power incident per steradian solid angle per one square meter projected area of the source, as viewed from the given direction." [NIST:NIST] watt per steradian per square meter microeinstein per square metre per second micromole per second and square meter mmol/sm^2 umicroeinstein/sm^[2] "An irradiance unit which is equal to one microeinstein per square meter per second or 10^[-6] microeinstein/sm^[2]." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] microeinstein per square meter per second W/sr "A radiant intensity unit which is equal to one kilogram meter squared per second cubed per steradian." [NIST:NIST] watt per steradian mass percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture. % w/w percent weight pr weight w/w weight-weight percentage "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mass percentage mass volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture. % w/v percent vol per vol (w/v) weight-volume percentage "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture." [UOC:GVG] mass volume percentage volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution. % v/v percent vol per vol % (v/v) "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution." [UOC:GVG] volume percentage 10^[-2] pph "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 100 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] parts per hundred 10^[-3] ppth "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] parts per thousand 10^[-6] ppm "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[6]." [UOC:GVG] parts per million 10^[-9] ppb "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[9]." [UOC:GVG] parts per billion 10^[-12] ppt "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[12]." [UOC:GVG] parts per trillion 10^[-15] ppq "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[15]." [UOC:GVG] parts per quadrillion g/ml gram per millilitre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in milliliter." [UOC:GVG] gram per milliliter kg/L kilogram per litre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] kilogram per liter gram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters. g per L g/L g/L gram per litre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] gram per liter milligram per milliliter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters. mg per ml mg/ml mg/ml milligram per millilitre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG] milligram per milliliter U/ml unit per millilitre "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [Webmd:Webmd] unit per milliliter U/l unit per litre "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one liter." [UOC:GVG] unit per liter "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume (density)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mass per unit volume U "A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1 micro mole of substrate per minute." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] enzyme unit kg/m kilogram per metre "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by one meter." [NIST:NIST] kilogram per meter "A plane angle unit which is equal to 1/360 of a full rotation or 1.7453310^[-2] rad." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] degree "A dimensionless unit which denoted an irrational real number, approximately equal to 3.14159 which is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter in Euclidean geometry." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pi "A dimensionless count unit which denotes the number of molecules." [MGED:MGED] molecule count "A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the homogeneity of a biomaterial." [MGED:MGED] purity percentage "A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the density of an attached or monolayer culture (e.g., cell culture)." [MGED:MGED] confluence percentage degree Fahrenheit A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius. F "A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] degree Fahrenheit pH A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+). "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pH l/kg litre per kilogram "A specific volume unit which is equal to one liter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] liter per kilogram millilitre per kilogram ml/kg "A specific volume unit which is equal to a thousandth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-3] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] milliliter per kilogram microlitre per kilogram ul/kg "A specific volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-6] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] microliter per kilogram cells per millilitre cells per ml "A unit of cell concentration which is equal to one cell in a volume of 1 milliliter." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline] cells per milliliter kat/m^[3] katal per cubic metre "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] katal per cubic meter kat/l katal per litre "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] katal per liter millilitre per cubic metre ml/m^[3] "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one cubic meter of solution." [NIST:NIST] milliliter per cubic meter milliliter per liter A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution. ml per L ml/l millilitre per litre ml/l "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution." [NIST:NIST] milliliter per liter gram per deciliter A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters. g/dl g/dl gram per decilitre "A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOC:GVG] gram per deciliter decilitre dl "A volume unit which is equal to one tenth of a liter or 10^[-1] L." [NIST:NIST] deciliter cfu "A dimensionless count unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] colony forming unit pfu "A dimensionless count unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] plaque forming unit colony forming unit per volume A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume. "A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] colony forming unit per volume cfu/ml colony forming unit per millilitre "A colony forming unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in one milliliter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] colony forming unit per milliliter pfu/ml plaque forming unit per millilitre "A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] plaque forming unit per milliliter dps "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second." [ORCBS:ORCBS] disintegrations per second V "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to the work per unit charge. One volt is the potential difference required to move one coulomb of charge between two points in a circuit while using one joule of energy." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] volt C "An electrical charge unit which is equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second." [WordNet:WordNet] coulomb Da amu u unified atomic mass unit "An independently to the base SI units defined mass unit which is equal to one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dalton kDa "A mass unit which is equal to one thousand daltons." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilodalton Wh "An energy unit which is equal to the amount of electrical energy equivalent to a one-watt load drawing power for one hour." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] watt-hour "An energy unit which is equal to 1,000 watt-hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilowatt-hour V s Wb volt-second "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to the amount of flux that when linked with a single turn of wire for an interval of one second will induce an electromotive force of one volt." [ScienceLobby:ScienceLobby] weber T Wb/m2 "A magnetic flux density unit which is equal to one weber per square meter." [WordNet:WordNet] tesla Vh "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to 3600 Wb." [UOC:GVG] volt-hour kVh "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to one thousand volt-hours." [UOC:GVG] kilovolt-hour "An information unit which refers to a digit in the binary numeral system, which consists of base 2 digits (ie there are only 2 possible values: 0 or 1)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] bit B "An information unit which is equal to 8 bits." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] byte kB "An information unit which is equal to 1000 bytes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilobyte MB "An information unit which is equal to 1000 kB." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] megabyte "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of spatial detail in an image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] chroma sampling unit "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of contrast available in a pixel." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dynamic range unit dpi "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the printing resolution, in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dots per inch micrometer pixel "A spatial resolution unit which is equal to a pixel size of one micrometer." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] micron pixel pixel density ppi "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the resolution of a computer display, related to the size of the display in inches and the total number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pixels per inch pixels per millimetre "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the number of pixels in one millimeter length or width of a digital image divided by the physical length or width of a printed image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pixels per millimeter basepair bp "A count unit which contains one nucleotide." [UO:GVG] base pair KiB "An information unit which is equal to 1024 B." [NIST:NIST] kibibyte MiB "An information unit which is equal to 1024 KiB." [NIST:NIST] mebibyte mV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousandth of a volt or 10^[-3] V." [UOC:GVG] millivolt kV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousand volts or 10^[3] V." [UOC:GVG] kilovolt uV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one millionth of a volt or 10^[-6] V." [UOC:GVG] microvolt nV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one billionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG] nanovolt pV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one trillionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG] picovolt MV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one million volts or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG] megavolt N/m newton per metre "A surface tension unit which is equal to one newton per meter." [NIST:NIST] newton per meter dyn/cm "A surface tension unit which is equal to one dyne per centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dyne per cm Pa s "A viscosity unit which is equal to one pascale per second." [NIST:NIST] pascal second P dyne s/cm^2 "A viscosity unit which is equal to one dyne second per square centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] poise dB "A ratio unit which is an indicator of sound power per unit area." [techtarget:techtarget] decibel "A unit which is a standard measure of the estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] effective dose unit A V^-1 mho S "An electrical conduction unit which is equal to A/V." [NIST:NIST] siemens W/m K watt per metre kelvin "An heat conduction unit which is equal to one watt divided by meter kelvin." [NIST:NIST] watt per meter kelvin eV electron volt "A non-SI unit of energy (eV) defined as the energy acquired by a single unbound electron when it passes through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. An electronvolt is equal to 1.602 176 53(14) x 10^-19 J." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] electronvolt V/m volt per metre "The volt per meter is a unit of electric field strength equal to the a potential difference of 1 volt existing between two points that are 1 meter apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field] volt per meter AU "A dimensionless logarithmic unit assigned to a measure of absorbance of light through a partially absorbing substance, defined as -log10(I/I_0) where I = transmitted light and I_0 = incident light." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbance] absorbance unit microliters per minute A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute. microlitres per minute uL/min "A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute." [UOC:GVG] microliters per minute millimeters of mercury mmHg "A unit of pressure equal to the amount of fluid pressure one millimeter deep in mercury at zero degrees centigrade on Earth." [url:en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mmHg] millimetres of mercury mg/L milligram per litre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] milligram per liter mcg/mL microgram per millilitre ug/ml µg/mL "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in millliters." [UOC:GVG] microgram per milliliter nanogram per millilitre ng/ml "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG] nanogram per milliliter mU/ml milliunits per millilitre "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one thousandth of a unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] milliunits per milliliter count per nanomolar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second. nM^-1 s^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second." [UOC:GVG] count per nanomolar second count per molar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second. M^-1 s^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second." [UOC:GVG] count per molar second "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in hectares." [UO:GVG] kilogram per hectare count per nanomolar A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar. 1/nM nM^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar." [UO:GVG] count per nanomolar count per molar A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar. 1/M M^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar." [UO:GVG] count per molar microgram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters. ng/ml ug/L microgram per litre ug/L "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] microgram per liter "A dose unit which is equal to 1 milligram of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per kilogram body weight of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] milligram per kilogram "A dose unit which is equal to 1 milligram of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per square meter of surface area of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] milligram per square meter "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance administered over time to a recipient subject, expressed in terms of the size of the subject." [UO:PC] dosage unit "A dosage unit which is equal to 1 milligram per day of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per kilogram body weight of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] milligram per kilogram per day "A derived unit which is a measure of relative light intensity, as typically measured by a luminometer, spectrophotometer, or fluorimeter in biological research applications." [UO:PC] relative light unit "A relative light unit which is a measure of relative luminescence intensity." [UO:PC] relative luminescence unit "A relative light unit which is a measure of relative fluorescence intensity." [UO:PC] relative fluorescence unit mH megahertz "A frequency unit which is equal to one million hertz or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG] megaHertz cM "A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic mapping, distances between markers are determined by measuring the rate of meoitic recombination between them, which increases proportionately with the distance separating them. A cM is defined as the length of an interval in which there is a 1% probability of recombination. On the average, 1 cM is roughly equivalent to 1 megabase (Mb) of DNA, although this can vary widely due to hot and cold spots of recombination." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html] centiMorgan cR "A unit of genetic map distance defined corresponding to an interval in which there is a 1% probability of X-irradiation induced breakage. To be completely specified, the unit must be qualified by the radiation in dosage in rads (e.g. cR8000), because this determines the actual breakage probability." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html] centiRay Mb megabasepair "A unit equal to one million base pairs" [UOC:GVG] mega base pair Gb gigabasepair "A unit equal to one billion base pairs." [UOC:GVG] giga base pair square micrometre "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 micrometer long." [NIST:NIST] square micrometer mS "An electrical conduction unit which is equal to one thousandth of a siemen or 10^[-3] siemens." [NIST:NIST] millisiemens "A specific concentration unit which is equal to 1 micromole in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] micromole per litre "A specific concentration unit which is equal to 1 micromole of a given substance per kilogram of solvent." [UOB:LKSR] micromole per kilogram mm/day "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 millimeter distance in one day." [UOB:LKSR] millimeters per day kilometre per hour km/h "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 kilometer distance in one hour." [NIST:NIST] kilometer per hour mDa milli unified atomic mass unit millidalton mmu "A mass unit which is equal to 1/12 the mass of 12C" [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] milli HA "An area unit which is equal to an area of 10,000 square meters. Equivalent to 2.471 acres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hectare in "A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 metres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] inch mil th "A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 millimetres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] thou ft "A length unit which is equal to 0.3048 metres, or 12 inches." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] foot yd "A length unit which is equal to 0.9144 metres, or 3 feet." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] yard ch "A length unit which is equal to 20.1168 metres, 66 feet, or 22 yards." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] chain fur "A length unit which is equal to 20,116.8 metres, 660 feet, or 10 chains." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] furlong mi "A length unit which is equal to 1,609.344 metres, or 8 furlongs." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] mile lea "A length unit which is equal to 3 miles, or 4,828.032 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] league "A maritime length unit is one used primarily at sea." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] maritime length unit ftm "A maritime length unit which is equal to 6.08 feet, or 1.853184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] fathom "A maritime length unit which is equal to 608 feet, 100 fathoms, or 185.3184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] cable "A maritime length unit which is equal to 6,080 feet, 10 cables, or 1,853.184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] nautical mile "An area unit which is equal to an area of 25.292,852,64 square meters, or 1 square rod." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] perch "An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 rod. This is equal to an area of 1,011.714,1056 square meters, or 40 square rods." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] rood "An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 chain. This is equal to an area of 4,046.856,4224 square meters, or 43,500 square feet." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] acre fl oz "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 28.413,0625 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] fluid ounce gi "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 142.065,3125 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] gill pt "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 568.261,25 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pint qt "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 1,136.5225 millilitres, or two pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] quart gal "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 4,546.09 millilitres, or 8 pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] gallon gr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 64.798,91 milligrams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] grain dr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1.771,845,195,3125 grams, or 1/256 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] drachm oz "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 28.349,523,125 grams, or 1/16 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ounce lb "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 453.592,37 grams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pound st "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 6,350.293,18 grams, or 14 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] stone qr qtr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 12.700,586,36 kilograms, or 28 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] quarter cwt "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 50.802,345,44 kilograms, 112 pounds, or 8 stone." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hundredweight t "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1,016.046,9088 kilograms, or 2,240 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ton "An imperial gravitational unit which is equivalent to a mass that accelerates by 1ft/s² when a force of one pound (lbf) is exerted on it." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] slug metric teaspoon tsp "A metric teaspoon is a unit of measurement of volume widely used in cooking recipes and pharmaceutic prescriptions. It equals a 5mL volume." [Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaspoon] teaspoon "DEPRECATED: Duplicate of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000039. A substance unit which is equal to one millionth of a mole." [UOB:LTS] micromole g/m^[2] gram per square metre "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in grams divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] gram per square meter nanogram per microlitre ng/ul "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in microliters." [UOB:LTS] nanogram per microliter big calorie cal calorie food calorie kcal kilocalorie "A unit of energy widely used in nutrition, equivalent to the amount of heat needed to cause one kilogram of water to rise in temperature by one degree Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] large calorie micrograms per bottle "A unit of mass concentration defined as the number of micrograms of a substance per 250 ml Wheaton bottle." [UOB:LTS] micrograms per wheaton bottle pA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one trillionth of an ampere or 10^[-12] A." [UOB:LTS] picoampere cGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)" [NIST:NIST] centigray GeV "A unit of energy that is equal to one thousand million electronvolts." [] gigaelectronvolt GeV/nucleon "Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in GeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" [] gigaelectronvolt per nucleon MeV/nucleon "Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in MeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" [] megaelectronvolt per nucleon keV/micron "A derived unit equal to the energy deposited by ionizing radiation per micron of path length in matter" [] kiloelectronvolt per micron Gy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one gray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] gray per minute cGy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one centigray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] centigray per minute mGy/day "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] milligray per minute mGy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per day." [NIST:NIST] milligray per day mGy/h "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per hour." [NIST:NIST] milligray per hour mGy/s "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second." [NIST:NIST] milligray per second kilometre km "A length unit which is equal to one thousand meters." [UOB:LKSR] kilometer mg/dl milligram per decilitre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR] milligram per deciliter microgram per decilitre ug/dl "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR] microgram per deciliter true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).